The Space Life Sciences Ontology is an application ontology and is intended to support the operation of NASA's Life Sciences Data Archive and other systems that contain space life science research data. Space Life Sciences Ontology 2024-05-17 Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification. Really of interest to developers only BFO OWL specification label Used to annotation axioms that define identity criteria for instances of a class. is_identity_criteria editor preferred label editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English) PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> editor preferred label editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label example of usage A phrase describing how a class name should be used. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding of a class semantics, such as widely known prototypical subclasses or instances of the class. Although essential for high level terms, examples for low level terms (e.g., Affymetrix HU133 array) are not. A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> IAO example of usage example of usage definition definition textual definition The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition definition textual definition editor note An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi> editor note editor note term editor Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> term editor term editor alternative label alternative term A label for a class or property that can be used to refer to the class or property instead of the preferred rdfs:label. Alternative labels should be used to indicate community- or context-specific labels, abbreviations, shorthand forms and the like. An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent) OBO Operations committee PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> Consider re-defing to: An alternative name for a class or property which can mean the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent, narrow, broad or related). alternative label alternative term alternative term definition source Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 PERSON:Daniel Schober Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition source definition source If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then it also holds that R -> P o Q. Note that this cannot be expressed directly in OWL is a defining property chain axiom If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R. is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive Defines the label for the property as shown in NASA Life Sciences Portal Label in NLSP Defines the label for the property in ARC SLIMS database SLIMS Label Defines the label for the property in ARC SLIMS database Object property Defines the field label propery in NASA Life Sciences Portal NLSP field name Examples of a Contributor include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Contributor should be used to indicate the entity. 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 An entity responsible for making contributions to the content of the resource. Contributor Coverage will typically include spatial location (a place name or geographic coordinates), temporal period (a period label, date, or date range) or jurisdiction (such as a named administrative entity). Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the Thesaurus of Geographic Names [TGN]) and that, where appropriate, named places or time periods be used in preference to numeric identifiers such as sets of coordinates or date ranges. 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 The extent or scope of the content of the resource. Coverage Examples of a Creator include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Creator should be used to indicate the entity. 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 An entity primarily responsible for making the content of the resource. Creator Typically, Date will be associated with the creation or availability of the resource. Recommended best practice for encoding the date value is defined in a profile of ISO 8601 [W3CDTF] and follows the YYYY-MM-DD format. 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 A date associated with an event in the life cycle of the resource. Date Date Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, table of contents, reference to a graphical representation of content or a free-text account of the content. 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 An account of the content of the resource. Description Description Typically, Format may include the media-type or dimensions of the resource. Format may be used to determine the software, hardware or other equipment needed to display or operate the resource. Examples of dimensions include size and duration. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the list of Internet Media Types [MIME] defining computer media formats). 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 The physical or digital manifestation of the resource. Format Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system. Example formal identification systems include the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) (including the Uniform Resource Locator (URL)), the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) and the International Standard Book Number (ISBN). 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context. Resource Identifier Recommended best practice is to use RFC 3066 [RFC3066], which, in conjunction with ISO 639 [ISO639], defines two- and three-letter primary language tags with optional subtags. Examples include "en" or "eng" for English, "akk" for Akkadian, and "en-GB" for English used in the United Kingdom. 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 A language of the intellectual content of the resource. Language Examples of a Publisher include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Publisher should be used to indicate the entity. 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 An entity responsible for making the resource available Publisher Recommended best practice is to reference the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system. 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 A reference to a related resource. Relation Typically, a Rights element will contain a rights management statement for the resource, or reference a service providing such information. Rights information often encompasses Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), Copyright, and various Property Rights. If the Rights element is absent, no assumptions can be made about the status of these and other rights with respect to the resource. 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 Information about rights held in and over the resource. Rights Management The present resource may be derived from the Source resource in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to reference the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system. 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 A reference to a resource from which the present resource is derived. Source Typically, a Subject will be expressed as keywords, key phrases or classification codes that describe a topic of the resource. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary or formal classification scheme. 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 The topic of the content of the resource. Subject and Keywords Typically, a Title will be a name by which the resource is formally known. Typically, a Title will be a name by which the resource is formally known. 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 A name given to the resource. Title Title Type includes terms describing general categories, functions, genres, or aggregation levels for content. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the DCMI Type Vocabulary [DCMITYPE]). To describe the physical or digital manifestation of the resource, use the Format element. 1999-07-02 2002-10-04 The nature or genre of the content of the resource. Resource Type 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 A summary of the content of the resource. Abstract Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security or other regulations. 2003-02-15 Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights This qualifier can include Title abbreviations as well as translations. 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Any form of the title used as a substitute or alternative to the formal title of the resource. Alternative A class of entity may be determined by the creator or the publisher or by a third party. 2001-05-21 2002-06-15 A class of entity for whom the resource is intended or useful. Audience 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Date (often a range) that the resource will become or did become available. Available Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible, whether or not the citation is in a standard form. 2003-02-15 A bibliographic reference for the resource. Bibliographic Citation 2001-05-21 2002-06-15 A reference to an established standard to which the resource conforms. Conforms To 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Date of creation of the resource. Created 2002-07-13 Date of acceptance of the resource (e.g. of thesis by university department, of article by journal, etc.). Date Accepted 2002-07-13 Date of a statement of copyright. Date Copyrighted 2002-07-13 Date of submission of the resource (e.g. thesis, articles, etc.). Date Submitted description 2002-07-13 A general statement describing the education or training context. Alternatively, a more specific statement of the location of the audience in terms of its progression through an education or training context. Audience Education Level 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The size or duration of the resource. Extent 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The described resource pre-existed the referenced resource, which is essentially the same intellectual content presented in another format. Has Format 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The described resource includes the referenced resource either physically or logically. Has Part 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The described resource has a version, edition, or adaptation, namely, the referenced resource. Has Version 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The described resource is the same intellectual content of the referenced resource, but presented in another format. Is Format Of 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The described resource is a physical or logical part of the referenced resource. Is Part Of 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The described resource is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the referenced resource. Is Referenced By 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The described resource is supplanted, displaced, or superseded by the referenced resource. Is Replaced By 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The described resource is required by the referenced resource, either physically or logically. Is Required By 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation of the referenced resource. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. Is Version Of 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Date of formal issuance (e.g., publication) of the resource. Issued Mark Miller 2018-05-11T13:47:29Z license The audiences for a resource are of two basic classes: (1) an ultimate beneficiary of the resource, and (2) frequently, an entity that mediates access to the resource. The mediator element refinement represents the second of these two classes. 2001-05-21 2002-07-13 A class of entity that mediates access to the resource and for whom the resource is intended or useful. Mediator 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The material or physical carrier of the resource. Medium 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Date on which the resource was changed. Modified 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The described resource references, cites, or otherwise points to the referenced resource. References 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The described resource supplants, displaces, or supersedes the referenced resource. Replaces 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The described resource requires the referenced resource to support its function, delivery, or coherence of content. Requires 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resoure. Spatial 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 A list of subunits of the content of the resource. Table Of Contents 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Temporal characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource. Temporal title 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Date (often a range) of validity of a resource. Valid has_related_synonym label label This axiom needed so that Protege loads DCAT2 without errors. is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) For continuants: C part_of C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that c' instantiates C' at time t, and c *part_of* c' at t. For processes: P part_of P' if and only if: given any p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t, and p *part_of* p' at t. (Here *part_of* is the instance-level part-relation.) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. part_of BFO:0000050 external source part_of part_of is part of part of part of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of https://wiki.geneontology.org/Part_of For continuants: C part_of C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that c' instantiates C' at time t, and c *part_of* c' at t. For processes: P part_of P' if and only if: given any p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t, and p *part_of* p' at t. (Here *part_of* is the instance-level part-relation.) PMID:15892874 has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. has_part BFO:0000051 chebi_ontology external source has_part false has_part has part has part has_part realized in this disease is realized in this disease course this fragility is realized in this shattering this investigator role is realized in this investigation is realized by realized_in [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realized in realizes this disease course realizes this disease this investigation realizes this investigator role this shattering realizes this fragility to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realizes BFO:0000057 has participant preceded by x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. is preceded by preceded_by http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by preceded by precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. precedes occurs in b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs_in unfolds in unfolds_in Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant occurs in site of [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant contains process A duck swimming in a pond is partially surrounded by air and partially surrounded by water. x partially_surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for the region r that is adjacent to x, r partially overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies a non-trivial proportion of the outermost boundary of x Definition modified from 'surrounded by'. partially_surrounded_by A relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist through the separation or transformation of a part of the old entity, and the new entity inherits a significant portion of the matter belonging to that part of the old entity. derives from part of A has part relationship between a whole and a part, where the number of parts present in the whole is higher than in comparable entities. This relation is present in ENVO to support compositional classes such as "X-enriched soil". These will later be formalized, and a different relation from RO may be chosen. has increased levels of Afforestation results in the expansion of a forest. A process, p, results in the expansion of a material entity, m, if the spatial extent of m is increased as a result of participating in p. results in expansion of A relation between a process and a disposition such that the existence of the disposition is caused by the execution of the process. Consider ceding to RO 2018-11-03T20:58:13Z generates is_genotype_of A relationship that holds between a biological entity and some level of genetic variation present in its genome. This relation aims to be equally as broad/inclusive as RO:0002200 ! has_phenotype. The biological entity can be an organism, a group of organism that share common genotype, or organism-derived entities such as cell lines or biospecimens. The genotype can be any of the various flavors of genotypes/allelotypes defined in GENO (intrinsic genotype, extrinsic genotype, effective genotype), or any genetic variation component of a genotype including variant alleles or sequence alterations. has_genotype A relationship between an entity that carries a sequence (e.g. a sequence feature or collection), and the sequence it bears. has_sequence_component has_state VMC:state 'Sequence' in the context of GENO is an abstract entity representing an ordered collection of monomeric units as carried in a biological macromolecule. has_sequence is_sequence_of is_subject_of A relation used to describe a context or conditions that define and/or identify an entity. Used in Monarch Data to link associations to qualifying contexts (e.g. environments or developmental stages) where the association applies. For example, a qualifying environment represents a context where genotype-phenotype associations apply - where the environment is an identity criteria for the association. Used in GENO to describe physical context of materialized sequence features that represent identifying criteria for instances of qualified sequence features. has_qualifying_context has_qualifier A relation linking a qualified sequence feature to its component sequence feature. has_sequence_feature_component In GENO we define three levels of sequence artifacts: (1) biological sequences, (2) sequence features, and (3) qualified sequence features. The identify criteria for a 'biological sequence' include only its inherent sequence (the ordered string of units that comprise it). The identity criteria for a 'sequence feature' include its sequence and position (where it resides - i.e. its location based on how it maps to a reference or standard) The identity criteria for a 'qualified sequence feature' include its component sequence feature (defined by its sequence and position), and the material context of its bearer in a cell or organism. This context can include direct epigenetic modification, or being targeted by gene knockdown reagents such as morpholinos or RNAi, or being transiently overexpressed from a transgenic construct in a cell or organism. has_sequence_feature A relation linking a sequence feature to the location it occupies on some reference sequence. occupies has_location has measurement unit label This document is about information artifacts and their representations A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity. is_about is a (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity. 7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic. person:Alan Ruttenberg Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy is about is about Denotes is a primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically Consdier if this is the best relation for linking genotypes to the genomic entities they specify. We could use the more generic 'is about', or define a new 'specifies' relation that holds between ICEs and something it specifies the nature or creation of. denotes m is a quality measurement of q at t. When q is a quality, there is a measurement process p that has specified output m, a measurement datum, that is about q 8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: The strategy is to be rather specific with this relationship. There are other kinds of measurements that are not of qualities, such as those that measure time. We will add these as separate properties for the moment and see about generalizing later From the second IAO workshop [Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009: not completely current, though bringing in comparison is probably important] This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail. Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details. -- From the second IAO workshop, various comments, [commented on by Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009] unit of measure is a quality, e.g. the length of a ruler. [We decided to hedge on what units of measure are, instead talking about measurement unit labels, which are the information content entities that are about whatever measurement units are. For IAO we need that information entity in any case. See the term measurement unit label] [Some struggling with the various subflavors of is_about. We subsequently removed the relation represents, and describes until and only when we have a better theory] a represents b means either a denotes b or a describes describe: a describes b means a is about b and a allows an inference of at least one quality of b We have had a long discussion about denotes versus describes. From the second IAO workshop: An attempt at tieing the quality to the measurement datum more carefully. a is a magnitude means a is a determinate quality particular inhering in some bearer b existing at a time t that can be represented/denoted by an information content entity e that has parts denoting a unit of measure, a number, and b. The unit of measure is an instance of the determinable quality. From the second meeting on IAO: An attempt at defining assay using Barry's "reliability" wording assay: process and has_input some material entity and has_output some information content entity and which is such that instances of this process type reliably generate outputs that describes the input. This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail. Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details. Alan Ruttenberg is quality measurement of inverse of the relation of is quality measurement of 2009/10/19 Alan Ruttenberg. Named 'junk' relation useful in restrictions, but not a real instance relationship Person:Alan Ruttenberg is quality measured as Mathias Brochhausen This is a primitive relation. This relation is the foundation to the owners right to have the owned entity at his/her full disposal. Reinach, A. Sämtliche Werke. Texkritische Ausgabe, München: Philosophia Verlag, 1989, p.189-204. owns a is owned by b if b has complete power over a. All rights and obligations of ownership are grounded in this (primitive) relation. The claims and obligations of ownership can be partially transferred to a third party by the owner, b. Reinach, A. Sämtliche Werke. Texkritische Ausgabe, München: Philosophia Verlag, 1989, p.189-204. is owned by is_supported_by_data The relation between the conclusion "Gene tpbA is involved in EPS production" and the data items produced using two sets of organisms, one being a tpbA knockout, the other being tpbA wildtype tested in polysacharide production assays and analyzed using an ANOVA. The relation between a data item and a conclusion where the conclusion is the output of a data interpreting process and the data item is used as an input to that process OBI OBI Philly 2011 workshop is_supported_by_data has_specified_input has_specified_input see is_input_of example_of_usage The inverse property of is_specified_input_of 8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Larry Hunter PERSON: Melanie Coutot has_specified_input is_specified_input_of some Autologous EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed B-LCL (B lymphocyte cell line) is_input_for instance of Chromum Release Assay described at https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of. Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters is_specified_input_of has_specified_output has_specified_output The inverse property of is_specified_output_of PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Larry Hunter PERSON: Melanie Courtot has_specified_output is_specified_output_of is_specified_output_of A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters is_specified_output_of achieves_planned_objective A cell sorting process achieves the objective specification 'material separation objective' This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process. BP, AR, PPPB branch PPPB branch derived modified according to email thread from 1/23/09 in accordince with DT and PPPB branch achieves_planned_objective objective_achieved_by This relation obtains between an objective specification and a planned process when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process. OBI OBI objective_achieved_by has value specification A relation between an information content entity and a value specification that specifies its value. PERSON: James A. Overton OBI has value specification BFO relation takes precedence. We anticipate BFO 2.0 including and defining this relation. When it does, we will obsolete this property and declare it equivalent to the BFO 2.0 relation. is-aggregate-of true inheres in this fragility inheres in this vase this fragility is a characteristic of this vase this red color inheres in this apple this red color is a characteristic of this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists. inheres_in Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing. characteristic of inheres in bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility Inverse of characteristic_of a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of bearer of has characteristic participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process this investigator participates in this investigation a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in participates in participates in has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant has participant has participant A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants. is concretized as A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant. concretizes this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. function_of is function of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. function of this red color is a quality of this apple a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists. is quality of quality_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. quality of this investigator role is a role of this person a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. is role of role_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. role of this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. has_function has function this apple has quality this red color a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. has_quality has quality this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. has_role RO:0000087 chebi_ontology has_role false false has_role has role has role a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has disposition inverse of has disposition This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. disposition of derives from this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division) this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'. derives_from This relation is taken from the RO2005 version of RO. It may be obsoleted and replaced by relations with different definitions. See also the 'develops from' family of relations. derives from derives from this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division) this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'. derives_into derives into is location of my head is the location of my brain this cage is the location of this rat a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ location_of location of contained in Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. Containment obtains in each case between material and immaterial continuants, for instance: lung contained_in thoracic cavity; bladder contained_in pelvic cavity. Hence containment is not a transitive relation. If c part_of c1 at t then we have also, by our definition and by the axioms of mereology applied to spatial regions, c located_in c1 at t. Thus, many examples of instance-level location relations for continuants are in fact cases of instance-level parthood. For material continuants location and parthood coincide. Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. To understand this relation, we first define overlap for continuants as follows: c1 overlap c2 at t =def for some c, c part_of c1 at t and c part_of c2 at t. The containment relation on the instance level can then be defined (see definition): Intended meaning: domain: material entity range: spatial region or site (immaterial continuant) contained_in contained in contains contains located in my brain is located in my head this rat is located in this cage a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ located_in http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in located in This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. X outer_layer_of Y iff: . X :continuant that bearer_of some PATO:laminar . X part_of Y . exists Z :surface . X has_boundary Z . Z boundary_of Y has_boundary: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002002 boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 David Osumi-Sutherland A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane. bounding layer of A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:30:46Z has regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:31:01Z By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function. Internal regulatory functions are treated as components. For example, NMDA glutmate receptor activity is a cation channel activity with positive regulatory component 'glutamate binding' and negative regulatory components including 'zinc binding' and 'magnesium binding'. has negative regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:31:17Z By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function and internal regulatory functions are treated as components. So, for example calmodulin has a protein binding activity that has positive regulatory component activity calcium binding activity. Receptor tyrosine kinase activity is a tyrosine kinase activity that has positive regulatory component 'ligand binding'. has positive regulatory component activity dos 2017-05-24T09:44:33Z A 'has component activity' B if A is A and B are molecular functions (GO_0003674) and A has_component B. has component activity w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. dos 2017-05-24T09:49:21Z has component process dos 2017-09-17T13:52:24Z Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. directly regulated by Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. GOC:dos Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. dos 2017-09-17T13:52:38Z directly negatively regulated by Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. GOC:dos Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. dos 2017-09-17T13:52:47Z directly positively regulated by Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. GOC:dos A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. dos 2017-09-22T14:14:36Z This relation is designed for constructing compound molecular functions, typically in combination with one or more regulatory component activity relations. has effector activity A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. GOC:dos David Osumi-Sutherland Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002122 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range. during which ends David Osumi-Sutherland X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after David Osumi-Sutherland starts_at_end_of X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately preceded by David Osumi-Sutherland ends_at_start_of meets X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes David Osumi-Sutherland o overlaps X ends_during Y iff: ((start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)) AND end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y). ends during x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) overlaps true x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed. in taxon A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common There are two ways to encode this as a shortcut relation. The other possibility to use an annotation assertion between two classes, and expand this to a disjointness axiom. Chris Mungall Note that it would be possible to use the relation to label the relationship between a near infinite number of structures - between the rings of saturn and my left earlobe. The intent is that this is used for parsiomoniously for disambiguation purposes - for example, between siblings in a jointly exhaustive pairwise disjointness hierarchy BFO_0000051 exactly 0 (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) spatially disjoint from https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Part-disjointness-Design-Pattern w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. The definition of 'has component' is still under discussion. The challenge is in providing a definition that does not imply transitivity. For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit. has component x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland Melissa Haendel Terry Meehan This is the transitive form of the develops from relation develops from inverse of develops from Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland Terry Meehan develops into Candidate definition: x directly_develops from y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participate in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p, and a substantial portion of the matter of x comes from y, and the start of x is coincident with or after the end of y. Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland has developmental precursor FBbt TODO - add child relations from DOS directly develops from inverse of directly develops from developmental precursor of directly develops into p regulates q iff p is causally upstream of q, the execution of p is not constant and varies according to specific conditions, and p influences the rate or magnitude of execution of q due to an effect either on some enabler of q or some enabler of a part of q. Chris Mungall David Hill Tanya Berardini GO Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process. regulates (processual) false regulates regulates (processual) p negatively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p decreases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. Chris Mungall negatively regulates (process to process) negatively regulates p positively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p increases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. Chris Mungall positively regulates (process to process) positively regulates mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974) osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption' A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. Chris Mungall has function realized in For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)". capable of c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. Chris Mungall has function in capable of part of true x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x Chris Mungall surrounded by surrounded by A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. The epidermis layer of a vertebrate is adjacent to the dermis. The plasma membrane of a cell is adjacent to the cytoplasm, and also to the cell lumen which the cytoplasm occupies. The skin of the forelimb is adjacent to the skin of the torso if these are considered anatomical subdivisions with a defined border. Otherwise a relation such as continuous_with would be used. x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary. This relation acts as a join point with BSPO Chris Mungall adjacent to A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. inverse of surrounded by Chris Mungall surrounds Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporally related to x develops from part of y if and only if there exists some z such that x develops from z and z is part of y Chris Mungall develops from part of x develops_in y if x is located in y whilst x is developing Chris Mungall EHDAA2 Jonathan Bard, EHDAA2 develops in inverse of ends with Chris Mungall ends x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Chris Mungall finished by ends with x 'has end location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'ends with' z and z 'occurs in' y Chris Mungall ends with process that occurs in has end location p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. Chris Mungall consumes has input https://wiki.geneontology.org/Has_input p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p. Chris Mungall produces has output Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 3; Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 4 [Kardong] x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y Chris Mungall has developmental contribution from inverse of has developmental contribution from Chris Mungall developmentally contributes to Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p false Chris Mungall In general you should not use this relation to make assertions - use one of the more specific relations below this one This relation groups together various other developmental relations. It is fairly generic, encompassing induction, developmental contribution and direct and transitive develops from developmentally preceded by A faulty traffic light (material entity) whose malfunctioning (a process) is causally upstream of a traffic collision (a process): the traffic light acts upstream of the collision. c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes. acts upstream of A gene product that has some activity, where that activity may be a part of a pathway or upstream of the pathway. c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process. affects acts upstream of or within https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of_or_within Inverse of developmentally preceded by Chris Mungall developmentally succeeded by 'hypopharyngeal eminence' SubClassOf 'part of precursor of' some tongue Chris Mungall part of developmental precursor of p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical entity and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss). This property and its subproperties are being used primarily for the definition of GO developmental processes. The property hierarchy mirrors the core GO hierarchy. In future we may be able to make do with a more minimal set of properties, but due to the way GO is currently structured we require highly specific relations to avoid incorrect entailments. To avoid this, the corresponding genus terms in GO should be declared mutually disjoint. Chris Mungall results in developmental progression of an annotation of gene X to anatomical structure formation with results_in_formation_of UBERON:0000007 (pituitary gland) means that at the beginning of the process a pituitary gland does not exist and at the end of the process a pituitary gland exists. every "endocardial cushion formation" (GO:0003272) results_in_formation_of some "endocardial cushion" (UBERON:0002062) Chris Mungall GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013 results in formation of Hydrozoa (NCBITaxon_6074) SubClassOf 'has habitat' some 'Hydrozoa habitat' where 'Hydrozoa habitat' SubClassOf overlaps some ('marine environment' (ENVO_00000569) and 'freshwater environment' (ENVO_01000306) and 'wetland' (ENVO_00000043)) and 'has part' some (freshwater (ENVO_00002011) or 'sea water' (ENVO_00002149)) -- http://eol.org/pages/1795/overview x 'has habitat' y if and only if: x is an organism, y is a habitat, and y can sustain and allow the growth of a population of xs. Pier Buttigieg adapted for living in A population of xs will possess adaptations (either evolved naturally or via artifical selection) which permit it to exist and grow in y. has habitat has habitat p is causally upstream of, positive effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p is required for the execution of q. cjm holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y causally upstream of, positive effect p is causally upstream of, negative effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p decreases the execution of q. cjm causally upstream of, negative effect q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of characteristic of part of Chris Mungall inheres in part of characteristic of part of true A relationship that is mediated in some way by the environment or environmental feature (ENVO:00002297) Awaiting class for domain/range constraint, see: https://github.com/OBOFoundry/Experimental-OBO-Core/issues/6 Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving ecological interactions ecologically related to A mereological relationship or a topological relationship Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships mereotopologically related to A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502) Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving organismal development developmentally related to a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity c enables p iff c is capable of p and c acts to execute p. Chris Mungall catalyzes executes has is catalyzing is executing This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized. enables https://wiki.geneontology.org/Enables A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. Chris Mungall This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function functionally related to this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p. Chris Mungall false part of structure that is capable of true c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p Chris Mungall actively involved in enables part of involved in https://wiki.geneontology.org/Involved_in inverse of enables Chris Mungall enabled by https://wiki.geneontology.org/Enabled_by inverse of regulates Chris Mungall regulated by (processual) regulated by inverse of negatively regulates Chris Mungall negatively regulated by inverse of positively regulates Chris Mungall positively regulated by An organism that is a member of a population of organisms is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection. is member of member part of SIO is member of member of Example 1: a collection of sequences such as a genome being comprised of separate sequences of chromosomes Example 2: a collection of information entities such as a genotype being comprised of a background component and a variant component has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. SIO has member has member inverse of has input Chris Mungall input of inverse of has output Chris Mungall output of Chris Mungall formed as result of A lump of clay and a statue x spatially_coextensive_with y if and inly if x and y have the same location Chris Mungall This relation is added for formal completeness. It is unlikely to be used in many practical scenarios spatially coextensive with x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction). Chris Mungall has developmental potential involving x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y Chris Mungall has potential to developmentally contribute to x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y Chris Mungall has potential to develop into x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y Chris Mungall has potential to directly develop into inverse of upstream of Chris Mungall causally downstream of Chris Mungall immediately causally downstream of p indirectly positively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p positively regulates q. Chris Mungall indirectly activates indirectly positively regulates https://wiki.geneontology.org/Indirectly_positively_regulates p indirectly negatively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p negatively regulates q. Chris Mungall indirectly inhibits indirectly negatively regulates https://wiki.geneontology.org/Indirectly_negatively_regulates relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative? The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causally related to relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q. Chris Mungall causally upstream of p is immediately causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q, and the end of p is coincident with the beginning of q. Chris Mungall immediately causally upstream of p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q. We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2 Chris Mungall influences (processual) affects causally upstream of or within inverse of causally upstream of or within Chris Mungall causally downstream of or within c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p Chris Mungall involved in regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p Chris Mungall involved in positive regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p Chris Mungall involved in negative regulation of c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union Chris Mungall involved in or reguates involved in or involved in regulation of A protein that enables activity in a cytosol. c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. Chris Mungall executes activity in enables activity in is active in true c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. GOC:cjm GOC:dos A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected. This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact. Considering relabeling as 'pairwise interacts with' Chris Mungall Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules. RO:0002434 in pairwise interaction with source interacts_with interacts_with interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0914 An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other. Chris Mungall binds molecularly binds with molecularly interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0915 Axiomatization to GO to be added later Chris Mungall An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to y. phosphorylates The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B. Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré molecularly controls directly regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B. Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré directly inhibits molecularly decreases activity of directly negatively regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B. Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré directly activates molecularly increases activity of directly positively regulates activity of Chris Mungall This property or its subproperties is not to be used directly. These properties exist as helper properties that are used to support OWL reasoning. helper property (not for use in curation) 'otolith organ' SubClassOf 'composed primarily of' some 'calcium carbonate' x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y. Chris Mungall composed primarily of p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c. Chris Mungall has part that occurs in true Chris Mungall is kinase activity x transformation of y if x is the immediate transformation of y, or is linked to y through a chain of transformation relationships Chris Mungall transformation of x immediate transformation of y iff x immediately succeeds y temporally at a time boundary t, and all of the matter present in x at t is present in y at t, and all the matter in y at t is present in x at t Chris Mungall immediate transformation of A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in process p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between processes Chris Mungall depends on The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between entities s 'determined by part of' w if and only if there exists some f such that (1) s 'determined by' f and (2) f part_of w, or f=w. Chris Mungall determined by part of Chris Mungall causally influenced by (entity-centric) causally influenced by Chris Mungall interaction relation helper property http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ Chris Mungall molecular interaction relation helper property The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size). Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré causally influences (entity-centric) causally influences p directly regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q and p regulates q. Chris Mungall directly regulates (processual) directly regulates gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell' s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p Chris Mungall has part structure that is capable of A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. Chris Mungall causal relation between material entity and a process pyrethroid -> growth Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p. capable of regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p. capable of negatively regulating renin -> arteriolar smooth muscle contraction Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p. capable of positively regulating Inverse of 'causal agent in process' process has causal agent p directly positively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p positively regulates q. directly positively regulates (process to process) directly positively regulates https://wiki.geneontology.org/Directly_positively_regulates p directly negatively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p negatively regulates q. directly negatively regulates (process to process) directly negatively regulates https://wiki.geneontology.org/Directly_negatively_regulates a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix. Melissa Haendel Note that this definition doesn't quite distinguish the output of a transformation process from a production process, which is related to the identity/granularity issue. produces a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a. Melissa Haendel produced by A relationship between a realizable entity R (e.g. function or disposition) and a material entity M where R is realized in response to a process that has an input stimulus of M. cjm 2017-12-26T19:45:49Z realized in response to stimulus Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P. cjm 2018-01-25T23:20:13Z enables subfunction cjm 2018-01-26T23:49:30Z acts upstream of or within, positive effect https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of_or_within,_positive_effect cjm 2018-01-26T23:49:51Z acts upstream of or within, negative effect https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of_or_within,_negative_effect c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive cjm 2018-01-26T23:53:14Z acts upstream of, positive effect https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of,_positive_effect c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative cjm 2018-01-26T23:53:22Z acts upstream of, negative effect https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of,_negative_effect cjm 2018-03-13T23:55:05Z causally upstream of or within, negative effect https://wiki.geneontology.org/Causally_upstream_of_or_within,_negative_effect cjm 2018-03-13T23:55:19Z causally upstream of or within, positive effect A drought sensitivity trait that inheres in a whole plant is realized in a systemic response process in response to exposure to drought conditions. An inflammatory disease that is realized in response to an inflammatory process occurring in the gut (which is itself the realization of a process realized in response to harmful stimuli in the mucosal lining of th gut) Environmental polymorphism in butterflies: These butterflies have a 'responsivity to day length trait' that is realized in response to the duration of the day, and is realized in developmental processes that lead to increased or decreased pigmentation in the adult morph. r 'realized in response to' s iff, r is a realizable (e.g. a plant trait such as responsivity to drought), s is an environmental stimulus (a process), and s directly causes the realization of r. Austin Meier Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland Marie Angelique Laporte triggered by process realized in response to https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KWhZxVBhIPkV6_daHta0h6UyHbjY2eIrnON1WIRGgdY/edit triggered by process RO:cjm The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B. Vasundra Touré regulates activity of p is indirectly causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q and there exists some process r such that p is causally upstream of r and r is causally upstream of q. pg 2022-09-26T06:07:17Z indirectly causally upstream of p indirectly regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p regulates q. pg 2022-09-26T06:08:01Z indirectly regulates A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen. X device utilizes material Y means X and Y are material entities, and X is capable of some process P that has input Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-1899 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2620-0345 A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen means that the diagnostic testing device is capable of an assay, and this assay a specimen as its input. See github ticket https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/issues/497 2021-11-08T12:00:00Z 2021-11-08T12:00:00Z utilizes device utilizes material A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in the existence of C OR affects the intensity or magnitude of C. regulates characteristic A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) positively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in an increase in the intensity or magnitude of C. positively regulates characteristic A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) negatively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in a decrease in the intensity or magnitude of C. negatively regulates characteristic provideInformationOn providesAccessTo consistOf experimentalContextFor generates uses componentOf funds organizedBy createdBy deployedOn leadTo resultsIn usedIn conductedAt capableOfIdentifying capableOfDetecting contain present sameAs isResultOf aggregate hasRole characterizedBy conductedOn operatesOn quantifiedBy partOf operates operatedBy managedAt managed depicts depictedIn fundedBy funded implements implementedBy owned by owned by owns owns investigates investigatedBy chebi_ontology has_parent_hydride false false has parent hydride chebi_ontology is_conjugate_acid_of true false is conjugate acid of chebi_ontology is_conjugate_base_of true false is conjugate base of chebi_ontology is_substituent_group_from false false is substituent group from chebi_ontology is_tautomer_of true is tautomer of source interacts_with_an_exposure_receptor_via interacts_with_an_exposure_receptor_via source interacts_with_an_exposure_stressor_via interacts_with_an_exposure stressor_via This object property has been mapped address This object property has been deprecated agent true This object property has been mapped email This object property has been mapped geo Used to support property parameters for the additional name data property has additional name To specify the components of the delivery address for the object has address To specify the busy time associated with the object. (Was called FBURL in RFC6350) has calendar busy To specify the calendar associated with the object. (Was called CALURI in RFC6350) has calendar link To specify the calendar user address to which a scheduling request be sent for the object. (Was called CALADRURI in RFC6350) has calendar request Used to support property parameters for the category data property has category Used to support property parameters for the country name data property has country name To specify the electronic mail address for communication with the object has email Used to support property parameters for the formatted name data property has formatted name Used to support property parameters for the family name data property has family name To specify the sex or gender identity of the object. URIs are recommended to enable interoperable sex and gender codes to be used. has gender To specify information related to the global positioning of the object. May also be used as a property parameter. has geo Used to support property parameters for the given name data property has given name Used to support property parameters for the honorific prefix data property has honorific prefix Used to support property parameters for the honorific suffix data property has honorific suffix To specify the instant messaging and presence protocol communications with the object. (Was called IMPP in RFC6350) has messaging To specify a public key or authentication certificate associated with the object has key Used to support property parameters for the language data property has language Used to support property parameters for the locality data property has locality To specify a graphic image of a logo associated with the object has logo To include a member in the group this object represents. (This property can only be used by Group individuals) has member To specify the components of the name of the object has name Used to support property parameters for the nickname data property has nickname Used to support property parameters for the note data property has note Used to support property parameters for the organization name data property has organization name Used to support property parameters for the organization unit name data property has organization unit name To specify an image or photograph information that annotates some aspect of the object has photo Used to support property parameters for the postal code data property has postal code Used to support property parameters for the region data property has region To specify a relationship between another entity and the entity represented by this object has related Used to support property parameters for the role data property has role To specify a digital sound content information that annotates some aspect of the object has sound To identify the source of directory information of the object has source Used to support property parameters for the street address data property has street address To specify the telephone number for telephony communication with the object has telephone Used to support property parameters for the title data property has title To specify a value that represents a globally unique identifier corresponding to the object has uid To specify a uniform resource locator associated with the object has url Used to indicate the resource value of an object property that requires property parameters has value This object property has been mapped key This object property has been mapped logo This object property has been mapped name This object property has been mapped. Use the organization-name data property. organization This object property has been mapped photo This object property has been mapped sound This object property has been mapped telephone This object property has been mapped url A site or end-point that gives access to the distribution of the dataset. Et websted eller endpoint der giver adgang til en repræsentation af datasættet. Umístění či přístupový bod zpřístupňující distribuci datové sady. Un sitio o end-point que da acceso a la distribución de un conjunto de datos. Un sito o end-point che dà accesso alla distribuzione del set di dati. data access service dataadgangstjeneste servicio de acceso de datos servizio di accesso ai dati služba pro přístup k datům New property added in DCAT 2.0. Nová vlastnost přidaná ve verzi DCAT 2.0. Nueva propiedad agregada en DCAT 2.0. Nuova proprietà aggiunta in DCAT 2.0. Ny egenskab tilføjet i DCAT 2.0. A site or end-point that gives access to the distribution of the dataset. Et websted eller endpoint der giver adgang til en repræsentation af datasættet. Umístění či přístupový bod zpřístupňující distribuci datové sady. Un sitio o end-point que da acceso a la distribución de un conjunto de datos. Un sito o end-point che dà accesso alla distribuzione del set di dati. A URL of a resource that gives access to a distribution of the dataset. E.g. landing page, feed, SPARQL endpoint. Use for all cases except a simple download link, in which case downloadURL is preferred. Ceci peut être tout type d'URL qui donne accès à une distribution du jeu de données. Par exemple, un lien à une page HTML contenant un lien au jeu de données, un Flux RSS, un point d'accès SPARQL. Utilisez le lorsque votre catalogue ne contient pas d'information sur quoi il est ou quand ce n'est pas téléchargeable. En URL for en ressource som giver adgang til en repræsentation af datsættet. Fx destinationsside, feed, SPARQL-endpoint. Anvendes i alle sammenhænge undtagen til angivelse af et simpelt download link hvor anvendelse af egenskaben downloadURL foretrækkes. Puede ser cualquier tipo de URL que de acceso a una distribución del conjunto de datos, e.g., página de destino, descarga, URL feed, punto de acceso SPARQL. Esta propriedad se debe usar cuando su catálogo de datos no tiene información sobre donde está o cuando no se puede descargar. URL zdroje, přes které je přístupná distribuce datové sady. Příkladem může být vstupní stránka, RSS kanál či SPARQL endpoint. Použijte ve všech případech kromě URL souboru ke stažení, pro které je lepší použít dcat:downloadURL. Un URL di una risorsa che consente di accedere a una distribuzione del set di dati. Per esempio, pagina di destinazione, feed, endpoint SPARQL. Da utilizzare per tutti i casi, tranne quando si tratta di un semplice link per il download nel qual caso è preferito downloadURL. Μπορεί να είναι οποιουδήποτε είδους URL που δίνει πρόσβαση στη διανομή ενός συνόλου δεδομένων. Π.χ. ιστοσελίδα αρχικής πρόσβασης, μεταφόρτωση, feed URL, σημείο διάθεσης SPARQL. Να χρησιμοποιείται όταν ο κατάλογος δεν περιέχει πληροφορίες εαν πρόκειται ή όχι για μεταφορτώσιμο αρχείο. أي رابط يتيح الوصول إلى البيانات. إذا كان الرابط هو ربط مباشر لملف يمكن تحميله استخدم الخاصية downloadURL データセットの配信にアクセス権を与えるランディング・ページ、フィード、SPARQLエンドポイント、その他の種類の資源。 URL d'accès URL de acceso URL πρόσβασης access address adgangsadresse indirizzo di accesso přístupová adresa رابط وصول アクセスURL adgangsURL A URL of a resource that gives access to a distribution of the dataset. E.g. landing page, feed, SPARQL endpoint. Use for all cases except a simple download link, in which case downloadURL is preferred. Ceci peut être tout type d'URL qui donne accès à une distribution du jeu de données. Par exemple, un lien à une page HTML contenant un lien au jeu de données, un Flux RSS, un point d'accès SPARQL. Utilisez le lorsque votre catalogue ne contient pas d'information sur quoi il est ou quand ce n'est pas téléchargeable. En URL for en ressource som giver adgang til en repræsentation af datsættet. Fx destinationsside, feed, SPARQL-endpoint. Anvendes i alle sammenhænge undtagen til angivelse af et simpelt download link hvor anvendelse af egenskaben downloadURL foretrækkes. Puede ser cualquier tipo de URL que de acceso a una distribución del conjunto de datos, e.g., página de destino, descarga, URL feed, punto de acceso SPARQL. Esta propriedad se debe usar cuando su catálogo de datos no tiene información sobre donde está o cuando no se puede descargar. URL zdroje, přes které je přístupná distribuce datové sady. Příkladem může být vstupní stránka, RSS kanál či SPARQL endpoint. Použijte ve všech případech kromě URL souboru ke stažení, pro které je lepší použít dcat:downloadURL. Un URL di una risorsa che consente di accedere a una distribuzione del set di dati. Per esempio, pagina di destinazione, feed, endpoint SPARQL. Da utilizzare per tutti i casi, tranne quando si tratta di un semplice link per il download nel qual caso è preferito downloadURL. Μπορεί να είναι οποιουδήποτε είδους URL που δίνει πρόσβαση στη διανομή ενός συνόλου δεδομένων. Π.χ. ιστοσελίδα αρχικής πρόσβασης, μεταφόρτωση, feed URL, σημείο διάθεσης SPARQL. Να χρησιμοποιείται όταν ο κατάλογος δεν περιέχει πληροφορίες εαν πρόκειται ή όχι για μεταφορτώσιμο αρχείο. أي رابط يتيح الوصول إلى البيانات. إذا كان الرابط هو ربط مباشر لملف يمكن تحميله استخدم الخاصية downloadURL データセットの配信にアクセス権を与えるランディング・ページ、フィード、SPARQLエンドポイント、その他の種類の資源。 Status: English Definition text modified by DCAT revision team, updated Italian and Czech translation provided, translations for other languages pending. rdfs:label, rdfs:comment and skos:scopeNote have been modified. Non-english versions except for Italian must be updated. El rango es una URL. Si la distribución es accesible solamente través de una página de destino (es decir, si no se conoce una URL de descarga directa), entonces el enlance a la página de destino debe ser duplicado como accessURL en la distribución. Hvis en eller flere distributioner kun er tilgængelige via en destinationsside (dvs. en URL til direkte download er ikke kendt), så bør destinationssidelinket gentages som adgangsadresse for distributionen. If the distribution(s) are accessible only through a landing page (i.e. direct download URLs are not known), then the landing page link should be duplicated as accessURL on a distribution. La valeur est une URL. Si la distribution est accessible seulement au travers d'une page d'atterrissage (c-à-dire on n'ignore une URL de téléchargement direct), alors le lien à la page d'atterrissage doit être dupliqué comee accessURL sur la distribution. Pokud jsou distribuce přístupné pouze přes vstupní stránku (tj. URL pro přímé stažení nejsou známa), pak by URL přístupové stránky mělo být duplikováno ve vlastnosti distribuce accessURL. Se le distribuzioni sono accessibili solo attraverso una pagina web (ad esempio, gli URL per il download diretto non sono noti), allora il link della pagina web deve essere duplicato come accessURL sulla distribuzione. Η τιμή είναι ένα URL. Αν η/οι διανομή/ές είναι προσβάσιμη/ες μόνο μέσω μίας ιστοσελίδας αρχικής πρόσβασης (δηλαδή αν δεν υπάρχουν γνωστές διευθύνσεις άμεσης μεταφόρτωσης), τότε ο σύνδεσμος της ιστοσελίδας αρχικής πρόσβασης πρέπει να αναπαραχθεί ως accessURL σε μία διανομή. 確実にダウンロードでない場合や、ダウンロードかどうかが不明である場合は、downloadURLではなく、accessURLを用いてください。ランディング・ページを通じてしか配信にアクセスできない場合（つまり、直接的なダウンロードURLが不明）は、配信におけるaccessURLとしてランディング・ページのリンクをコピーすべきです（SHOULD）。 A catalog whose contents are of interest in the context of this catalog. Et katalog hvis indhold er relevant i forhold til det aktuelle katalog. Katalog, jehož obsah je v kontextu tohoto katalogu zajímavý. Un catalogo i cui contenuti sono di interesse nel contesto di questo catalogo. Un catálogo cuyo contenido es de interés en el contexto del catálogo que está siendo descripto. catalog catalogo catálogo katalog katalog har delkatalog New property added in DCAT 2.0. Nová vlastnost přidaná ve verzi DCAT 2.0. Nueva propiedad agregada en DCAT 2.0. Nuova proprietà aggiunta in DCAT 2.0. A catalog whose contents are of interest in the context of this catalog. Et katalog hvis indhold er relevant i forhold til det aktuelle katalog. Katalog, jehož obsah je v kontextu tohoto katalogu zajímavý. Un catalogo i cui contenuti sono di interesse nel contesto di questo catalogo. Un catálogo cuyo contenido es de interés en el contexto del catálogo que está siendo descripto. El formato de la distribución en el que los datos están en forma comprimida, e.g. para reducir el tamaño del archivo a bajar. Formát komprese souboru, ve kterém jsou data poskytována v komprimované podobě, např. ke snížení velikosti souboru ke stažení. Il formato di compressione della distribuzione nel quale i dati sono in forma compressa, ad es. per ridurre le dimensioni del file da scaricare. Kompressionsformatet for distributionen som indeholder data i et komprimeret format, fx for at reducere størrelsen af downloadfilen. The compression format of the distribution in which the data is contained in a compressed form, e.g. to reduce the size of the downloadable file. compression format formato de compresión formato di compressione formát komprese kompressionsformat New property added in DCAT 2.0. Nová vlastnost přidaná ve verzi DCAT 2.0. Nueva propiedad agregada en DCAT 2.0. Nuova proprietà aggiunta in DCAT 2.0. Ny egenskab tilføjet i DCAT 2.0. El formato de la distribución en el que los datos están en forma comprimida, e.g. para reducir el tamaño del archivo a bajar. Formát komprese souboru, ve kterém jsou data poskytována v komprimované podobě, např. ke snížení velikosti souboru ke stažení. Il formato di compressione della distribuzione nel quale i dati sono in forma compressa, ad es. per ridurre le dimensioni del file da scaricare. Kompressionsformatet for distributionen som indeholder data i et komprimeret format, fx for at reducere størrelsen af downloadfilen. The compression format of the distribution in which the data is contained in a compressed form, e.g. to reduce the size of the downloadable file. Denne egenskab kan anvendes når filerne i en distribution er blevet komprimeret, fx i en ZIP-fil. Formatet BØR udtrykkes ved en medietype som defineret i 'IANA media types registry', hvis der optræder en relevant medietype dér: https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/. Esta propiedad se debe usar cuando los archivos de la distribución están comprimidos, por ejemplo en un archivo ZIP. El formato DEBERÍA expresarse usando un 'media type', tales como los definidos en el registro IANA de 'media types' https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/, si está disponibles. Questa proprietà deve essere utilizzata quando i file nella distribuzione sono compressi, ad es. in un file ZIP. Il formato DOVREBBE essere espresso usando un tipo di media come definito dal registro dei tipi di media IANA https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/, se disponibile. Tato vlastnost se použije, když jsou soubory v distribuci komprimovány, např. v ZIP souboru. Formát BY MĚL být vyjádřen pomocí typu média definovaného v registru IANA https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/, pokud existuje. This property is to be used when the files in the distribution are compressed, e.g. in a ZIP file. The format SHOULD be expressed using a media type as defined by IANA media types registry https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/, if available. Información relevante de contacto para el recurso catalogado. Se recomienda el uso de vCard. Informazioni di contatto rilevanti per la risorsa catalogata. Si raccomanda l'uso di vCard. Relevant contact information for the catalogued resource. Use of vCard is recommended. Relevante kontaktoplysninger for den katalogiserede ressource. Anvendelse af vCard anbefales. Relevantní kontaktní informace pro katalogizovaný zdroj. Doporučuje se použít slovník VCard. Relie un jeu de données à une information de contact utile en utilisant VCard. Συνδέει ένα σύνολο δεδομένων με ένα σχετικό σημείο επικοινωνίας, μέσω VCard. تربط قائمة البيانات بعنوان اتصال موصف باستخدام VCard データセットを、VCardを用いて提供されている適切な連絡先情報にリンクします。 Punto de contacto contact point kontaktní bod kontaktpunkt point de contact punto di contatto σημείο επικοινωνίας عنوان اتصال 窓口 Información relevante de contacto para el recurso catalogado. Se recomienda el uso de vCard. Informazioni di contatto rilevanti per la risorsa catalogata. Si raccomanda l'uso di vCard. Relevant contact information for the catalogued resource. Use of vCard is recommended. Relevante kontaktoplysninger for den katalogiserede ressource. Anvendelse af vCard anbefales. Relevantní kontaktní informace pro katalogizovaný zdroj. Doporučuje se použít slovník VCard. Relie un jeu de données à une information de contact utile en utilisant VCard. Συνδέει ένα σύνολο δεδομένων με ένα σχετικό σημείο επικοινωνίας, μέσω VCard. تربط قائمة البيانات بعنوان اتصال موصف باستخدام VCard データセットを、VCardを用いて提供されている適切な連絡先情報にリンクします。 Status: English Definition text modified by DCAT revision team, Italian, Spanish and Czech translations provided, other translations pending. A collection of data that is listed in the catalog. En samling af data som er opført i kataloget. Kolekce dat, která je katalogizována v katalogu. Relie un catalogue à un jeu de données faisant partie de ce catalogue. Un conjunto de datos que se lista en el catálogo. Una raccolta di dati che è elencata nel catalogo. Συνδέει έναν κατάλογο με ένα σύνολο δεδομένων το οποίο ανήκει στον εν λόγω κατάλογο. تربط الفهرس بقائمة بيانات ضمنه カタログの一部であるデータセット。 conjunto de datos dataset dataset datasæt datová sada jeu de données σύνολο δεδομένων قائمة بيانات データセット datasamling har datasæt A collection of data that is listed in the catalog. En samling af data som er opført i kataloget. Kolekce dat, která je katalogizována v katalogu. Relie un catalogue à un jeu de données faisant partie de ce catalogue. Un conjunto de datos que se lista en el catálogo. Una raccolta di dati che è elencata nel catalogo. Συνδέει έναν κατάλογο με ένα σύνολο δεδομένων το οποίο ανήκει στον εν λόγω κατάλογο. تربط الفهرس بقائمة بيانات ضمنه カタログの一部であるデータセット。 Status: English Definition text modified by DCAT revision team, Italian, Spanish and Czech translation provided, other translations pending. An available distribution of the dataset. Connecte un jeu de données à des distributions disponibles. Dostupná distribuce datové sady. En tilgængelig repræsentation af datasættet. Una distribución disponible del conjunto de datos. Una distribuzione disponibile per il set di dati. Συνδέει ένα σύνολο δεδομένων με μία από τις διαθέσιμες διανομές του. تربط قائمة البيانات بطريقة أو بشكل يسمح الوصول الى البيانات データセットを、その利用可能な配信に接続します。 distribuce distribución distribution distribution distribution distribuzione διανομή توزيع データセット配信 har distribution An available distribution of the dataset. Connecte un jeu de données à des distributions disponibles. Dostupná distribuce datové sady. En tilgængelig repræsentation af datasættet. Una distribución disponible del conjunto de datos. Una distribuzione disponibile per il set di dati. Συνδέει ένα σύνολο δεδομένων με μία από τις διαθέσιμες διανομές του. تربط قائمة البيانات بطريقة أو بشكل يسمح الوصول الى البيانات データセットを、その利用可能な配信に接続します。 Status: English Definition text modified by DCAT revision team, translations pending (except for Italian, Spanish and Czech). Ceci est un lien direct à un fichier téléchargeable en un format donnée. Exple fichier CSV ou RDF. Le format est décrit par les propriétés de distribution dct:format et/ou dcat:mediaType. La URL de un archivo descargable en el formato dato. Por ejemplo, archivo CSV o archivo RDF. El formato se describe con las propiedades de la distribución dct:format y/o dcat:mediaType. Questo è un link diretto al file scaricabile in un dato formato. E.g. un file CSV o un file RDF. Il formato è descritto dal dct:format e/o dal dcat:mediaType della distribuzione. The URL of the downloadable file in a given format. E.g. CSV file or RDF file. The format is indicated by the distribution's dct:format and/or dcat:mediaType. URL souboru ke stažení v daném formátu, například CSV nebo RDF soubor. Formát je popsán vlastností distribuce dct:format a/nebo dcat:mediaType. URL til fil der kan downloades i et bestemt format. Fx en CSV-fil eller en RDF-fil. Formatet for distributionen angives ved hjælp af egenskaberne dct:format og/eller dcat:mediaType. dcat:downloadURLはdcat:accessURLの特定の形式です。しかし、DCATプロファイルが非ダウンロード・ロケーションに対してのみaccessURLを用いる場合には、より強い分離を課すことを望む可能性があるため、この含意を強化しないように、DCATは、dcat:downloadURLをdcat:accessURLのサブプロパティーであると定義しません。 Είναι ένας σύνδεσμος άμεσης μεταφόρτωσης ενός αρχείου σε μια δεδομένη μορφή. Π.χ. ένα αρχείο CSV ή RDF. Η μορφη αρχείου περιγράφεται από τις ιδιότητες dct:format ή/και dcat:mediaType της διανομής. رابط مباشر لملف يمكن تحميله. نوع الملف يتم توصيفه باستخدام الخاصية dct:format dcat:mediaType URL de descarga URL de téléchargement URL di scarico URL souboru ke stažení URL μεταφόρτωσης download URL downloadURL رابط تحميل ダウンロードURL Ceci est un lien direct à un fichier téléchargeable en un format donnée. Exple fichier CSV ou RDF. Le format est décrit par les propriétés de distribution dct:format et/ou dcat:mediaType. La URL de un archivo descargable en el formato dato. Por ejemplo, archivo CSV o archivo RDF. El formato se describe con las propiedades de la distribución dct:format y/o dcat:mediaType. Questo è un link diretto al file scaricabile in un dato formato. E.g. un file CSV o un file RDF. Il formato è descritto dal dct:format e/o dal dcat:mediaType della distribuzione. The URL of the downloadable file in a given format. E.g. CSV file or RDF file. The format is indicated by the distribution's dct:format and/or dcat:mediaType. URL souboru ke stažení v daném formátu, například CSV nebo RDF soubor. Formát je popsán vlastností distribuce dct:format a/nebo dcat:mediaType. URL til fil der kan downloades i et bestemt format. Fx en CSV-fil eller en RDF-fil. Formatet for distributionen angives ved hjælp af egenskaberne dct:format og/eller dcat:mediaType. dcat:downloadURLはdcat:accessURLの特定の形式です。しかし、DCATプロファイルが非ダウンロード・ロケーションに対してのみaccessURLを用いる場合には、より強い分離を課すことを望む可能性があるため、この含意を強化しないように、DCATは、dcat:downloadURLをdcat:accessURLのサブプロパティーであると定義しません。 Είναι ένας σύνδεσμος άμεσης μεταφόρτωσης ενός αρχείου σε μια δεδομένη μορφή. Π.χ. ένα αρχείο CSV ή RDF. Η μορφη αρχείου περιγράφεται από τις ιδιότητες dct:format ή/και dcat:mediaType της διανομής. رابط مباشر لملف يمكن تحميله. نوع الملف يتم توصيفه باستخدام الخاصية dct:format dcat:mediaType Status: English Definition text modified by DCAT revision team, Italian, Spanish and Czech translation updated, other translations pending. rdfs:label, rdfs:comment and/or skos:scopeNote have been modified. Non-english versions must be updated. El valor es una URL. La valeur est une URL. dcat:downloadURL BY MĚLA být použita pro adresu, ze které je distribuce přímo přístupná, typicky skrze požadavek HTTP Get. dcat:downloadURL BØR anvendes til angivelse af den adresse hvor distributionen er tilgængelig direkte, typisk gennem et HTTP Get request. dcat:downloadURL DOVREBBE essere utilizzato per l'indirizzo a cui questa distribuzione è disponibile direttamente, in genere attraverso una richiesta Get HTTP. dcat:downloadURL SHOULD be used for the address at which this distribution is available directly, typically through a HTTP Get request. Η τιμή είναι ένα URL. A description of the service end-point, including its operations, parameters etc. En beskrivelse af det pågældende tjenesteendpoint, inklusiv dets operationer, parametre etc. Popis přístupového bodu služby včetně operací, parametrů apod. Una descripción del end-point del servicio, incluyendo sus operaciones, parámetros, etc. Una descrizione dell'endpoint del servizio, incluse le sue operazioni, parametri, ecc. descripción del end-point del servicio description of service end-point descrizione dell'endpoint del servizio endpointbeskrivelse popis přístupového bodu služby New property in DCAT 2.0. Nová vlastnost přidaná ve verzi DCAT 2.0. Nueva propiedad agregada en DCAT 2.0. Nuova proprietà in DCAT 2.0. Ny egenskab i DCAT 2.0. A description of the service end-point, including its operations, parameters etc. En beskrivelse af det pågældende tjenesteendpoint, inklusiv dets operationer, parametre etc. Popis přístupového bodu služby včetně operací, parametrů apod. Una descripción del end-point del servicio, incluyendo sus operaciones, parámetros, etc.. Una descrizione dell'endpoint del servizio, incluse le sue operazioni, parametri, ecc. An endpoint description may be expressed in a machine-readable form, such as an OpenAPI (Swagger) description, an OGC GetCapabilities response, a SPARQL Service Description, an OpenSearch or WSDL document, a Hydra API description, else in text or some other informal mode if a formal representation is not possible. En beskrivelse af et endpoint kan udtrykkes i et maskinlæsbart format, såsom OpenAPI (Swagger)-beskrivelser, et OGC GetCapabilities svar, en SPARQL tjenestebeskrivelse, en OpenSearch- eller et WSDL-dokument, en Hydra-API-beskrivelse, eller i tekstformat eller i et andet uformelt format, hvis en formel repræsentation ikke er mulig. Endpointbeskrivelsen giver specifikke oplysninger om den konkrete endpointinstans, mens dct:conformsTo anvendes til at indikere den overordnede standard eller specifikation som endpointet er i overensstemmelse med. La descripción del endpoint brinda detalles específicos de la instancia del endpoint, mientras que dct:conformsTo se usa para indicar el estándar general o especificación que implementa el endpoint. La descrizione dell'endpoint fornisce dettagli specifici dell'istanza dell'endpoint reale, mentre dct:conformsTo viene utilizzato per indicare lo standard o le specifiche implementate dall'endpoint. Popis přístupového bodu dává specifické detaily jeho konkrétní instance, zatímco dct:conformsTo indikuje obecný standard či specifikaci kterou přístupový bod implementuje. Popis přístupového bodu může být vyjádřen ve strojově čitelné formě, například jako popis OpenAPI (Swagger), odpověď služby OGC getCapabilities, pomocí slovníku SPARQL Service Description, jako OpenSearch či WSDL document, jako popis API dle slovníku Hydra, a nebo textově nebo jiným neformálním způsobem, pokud není možno použít formální reprezentaci. The endpoint description gives specific details of the actual endpoint instance, while dct:conformsTo is used to indicate the general standard or specification that the endpoint implements. Una descripción del endpoint del servicio puede expresarse en un formato que la máquina puede interpretar, tal como una descripción basada en OpenAPI (Swagger), una respuesta OGC GetCapabilities, una descripción de un servicio SPARQL, un documento OpenSearch o WSDL, una descripción con la Hydra API, o en texto u otro modo informal si la representación formal no es posible. Una descrizione dell'endpoint può essere espressa in un formato leggibile dalla macchina, come una descrizione OpenAPI (Swagger), una risposta GetCapabilities OGC, una descrizione del servizio SPARQL, un documento OpenSearch o WSDL, una descrizione API Hydra, o con del testo o qualche altra modalità informale se una rappresentazione formale non è possibile. Kořenové umístění nebo hlavní přístupový bod služby (IRI přístupné přes Web). La locazione principale o l'endpoint primario del servizio (un IRI risolvibile via web). La posición raíz o end-point principal del servicio (una IRI web). Rodplaceringen eller det primære endpoint for en tjeneste (en web-resolverbar IRI). The root location or primary endpoint of the service (a web-resolvable IRI). end-point del servicio end-point del servizio přístupový bod služby service end-point tjenesteendpoint New property in DCAT 2.0. Nová vlastnost přidaná ve verzi DCAT 2.0. Nueva propiedad agregada en DCAT 2.0. Nuova proprietà in DCAT 2.0. Kořenové umístění nebo hlavní přístupový bod služby (IRI přístupné přes Web). La locazione principale o l'endpoint primario del servizio (un IRI risolvibile via web). La posición raíz o end-point principal del servicio (una IRI web). Rodplaceringen eller det primære endpoint for en tjeneste (en web-resolverbar IRI). The root location or primary endpoint of the service (a web-resolvable IRI). Den funktion en entitet eller aktør har i forhold til en anden ressource. Funkce entity či agenta ve vztahu k jiné entitě či zdroji. La función de una entidad o agente con respecto a otra entidad o recurso. La funzione di un'entità o un agente rispetto ad un'altra entità o risorsa. The function of an entity or agent with respect to another entity or resource. haRuolo hadRole havde rolle sehraná role tiene rol New property added in DCAT 2.0. Nová vlastnost přidaná ve verzi DCAT 2.0. Nueva propiedad agregada en DCAT 2.0. Nuova proprietà aggiunta in DCAT 2.0. Den funktion en entitet eller aktør har i forhold til en anden ressource. Funkce entity či agenta ve vztahu k jiné entitě či zdroji. La función de una entidad o agente con respecto a otra entidad o recurso. La funzione di un'entità o un agente rispetto ad un'altra entità o risorsa. The function of an entity or agent with respect to another entity or resource. Agregada en DCAT para complementar prov:hadRole (cuyo uso está limitado a roles en el contexto de una actividad, con dominio prov:Association. Introdotta in DCAT per completare prov:hadRole (il cui uso è limitato ai ruoli nel contesto di un'attività, con il dominio di prov:Association. Introduced into DCAT to complement prov:hadRole (whose use is limited to roles in the context of an activity, with the domain of prov:Association. Introduceret i DCAT for at supplere prov:hadRole (hvis anvendelse er begrænset til roller i forbindelse med en aktivitet med domænet prov:Association). Přidáno do DCAT pro doplnění vlastnosti prov:hadRole (jejíž užití je omezeno na role v kontextu aktivity, s definičním oborem prov:Association). Kan vendes ved kvalificerede krediteringer til at angive en aktørs rolle i forhold en entitet. Det anbefales at værdierne styres som et kontrolleret udfaldsrum med aktørroller, såsom http://registry.it.csiro.au/def/isotc211/CI_RoleCode. May be used in a qualified-attribution to specify the role of an Agent with respect to an Entity. It is recommended that the value be taken from a controlled vocabulary of agent roles, such as http://registry.it.csiro.au/def/isotc211/CI_RoleCode. May be used in a qualified-relation to specify the role of an Entity with respect to another Entity. It is recommended that the value be taken from a controlled vocabulary of entity roles such as: ISO 19115 DS_AssociationTypeCode http://registry.it.csiro.au/def/isotc211/DS_AssociationTypeCode; IANA Registry of Link Relations https://www.iana.org/assignments/link-relation; DataCite metadata schema; MARC relators https://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators. Může být použito v kvalifikovaném přiřazení pro specifikaci role Agenta ve vztahu k Entitě. Je doporučeno hodnotu vybrat z řízeného slovníku rolí agentů, jako například http://registry.it.csiro.au/def/isotc211/CI_RoleCode. Může být použito v kvalifikovaném vztahu pro specifikaci role Entity ve vztahu k jiné Entitě. Je doporučeno použít hodnotu z řízeného slovníku rolí entit, jako například ISO 19115 DS_AssociationTypeCode http://registry.it.csiro.au/def/isotc211/DS_AssociationTypeCode, IANA Registry of Link Relations https://www.iana.org/assignments/link-relation, DataCite metadata schema, MARC relators https://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators. Puede usarse en una atribución cualificada para especificar el rol de un Agente con respecto a una Entidad. Se recomienda que el valor sea de un vocabulario controlado de roles de agentes, como por ejemplo http://registry.it.csiro.au/def/isotc211/CI_RoleCode. Puede usarse en una atribución cualificada para especificar el rol de una Entidad con respecto a otra Entidad. Se recomienda que su valor se tome de un vocabulario controlado de roles de entidades como por ejemplo: ISO 19115 DS_AssociationTypeCode http://registry.it.csiro.au/def/isotc211/DS_AssociationTypeCode; IANA Registry of Link Relations https://www.iana.org/assignments/link-relation; esquema de metadatos de DataCite; MARC relators https://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators. Può essere utilizzata in una relazione qualificata per specificare il ruolo di un'entità rispetto a un'altra entità. Si raccomanda che il valore sia preso da un vocabolario controllato di ruoli di entità come ISO 19115 DS_AssociationTypeCode http://registry.it.csiro.au/def/isotc211/DS_AssociationTypeCode, IANA Registry of Link Relations https://www.iana.org/assignments/link-relation, DataCite metadata schema, o MARC relators https://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators. Può essere utilizzato in un'attribuzione qualificata per specificare il ruolo di un agente rispetto a un'entità. Si raccomanda che il valore sia preso da un vocabolario controllato di ruoli di agente, come ad esempio http://registry.it.csiro.au/def/isotc211/CI_RoleCode. A Web page that can be navigated to in a Web browser to gain access to the catalog, a dataset, its distributions and/or additional information. En webside som der kan navigeres til i en webbrowser for at få adgang til kataloget, et datasæt, dets distributioner og/eller yderligere information. Una pagina web che può essere navigata per ottenere l'accesso al catalogo, ad un dataset, alle distribuzioni del dataset e/o ad informazioni addizionali. Una página web que puede ser visitada en un explorador Web para tener acceso el catálogo, un conjunto de datos, sus distribuciones y/o información adicional. Une page Web accessible par un navigateur Web donnant accès au catalogue, un jeu de données, ses distributions et/ou des informations additionnelles. Webová stránka, na kterou lze pro získání přístupu ke katalogu, datové sadě, jejím distribucím a/nebo dalším informacím přistoupit webovým prohlížečem. Μία ιστοσελίδα πλοηγίσιμη μέσω ενός φυλλομετρητή (Web browser) που δίνει πρόσβαση στο σύνολο δεδομένων, τις διανομές αυτού ή/και επιπρόσθετες πληροφορίες. صفحة وب يمكن من خلالها الوصول الى قائمة البيانات أو إلى معلومات إضافية متعلقة بها データセット、その配信および（または）追加情報にアクセスするためにウエブ・ブラウザでナビゲートできるウェブページ。 destinationsside landing page page d'atterrissage pagina di destinazione página de destino vstupní stránka ιστοσελίδα αρχικής πρόσβασης صفحة وصول ランディング・ページ A Web page that can be navigated to in a Web browser to gain access to the catalog, a dataset, its distributions and/or additional information. En webside som en webbrowser kan navigeres til for at få adgang til kataloget, et datasæt, dets distritbutioner og/eller yderligere information. Una pagina web che può essere navigata per ottenere l'accesso al catalogo, ad un dataset, alle distribuzioni del dataset e/o ad informazioni addizionali. Una página web que puede ser visitada en un explorador Web para tener acceso el catálogo, un conjunto de datos, sus distribuciones y/o información adicional. Une page Web accessible par un navigateur Web donnant accès au catalogue, un jeu de données, ses distributions et/ou des informations additionnelles. Webová stránka, na kterou lze pro získání přístupu ke katalogu, datové sadě, jejím distribucím a/nebo dalším informacím přistoupit webovým prohlížečem. Μία ιστοσελίδα πλοηγίσιμη μέσω ενός φυλλομετρητή (Web browser) που δίνει πρόσβαση στο σύνολο δεδομένων, τις διανομές αυτού ή/και επιπρόσθετες πληροφορίες. صفحة وب يمكن من خلالها الوصول الى قائمة البيانات أو إلى معلومات إضافية متعلقة بها データセット、その配信および（または）追加情報にアクセスするためにウエブ・ブラウザでナビゲートできるウェブページ。 Hvis en eller flere distributioner kun er tilgængelige via en destinationsside (dvs. en URL til direkte download er ikke kendt), så bør destinationssidelinket gentages som adgangsadresse for en distribution. If the distribution(s) are accessible only through a landing page (i.e. direct download URLs are not known), then the landing page link should be duplicated as accessURL on a distribution. Pokud je distribuce dostupná pouze přes vstupní stránku, t.j. přímý URL odkaz ke stažení není znám, URL přístupové stránky by mělo být duplikováno ve vlastnosti distribuce accessURL. Se la distribuzione è accessibile solo attraverso una pagina di destinazione (cioè, un URL di download diretto non è noto), il link alla pagina di destinazione deve essere duplicato come accessURL sulla distribuzione. Si la distribución es accesible solamente través de una página de aterrizaje (i.e., no se conoce una URL de descarga directa), entonces el enlance a la página de aterrizaje debe ser duplicado como accessURL sobre la distribución. Si la distribution est seulement accessible à travers une page d'atterrissage (exple. pas de connaissance d'URLS de téléchargement direct ), alors le lien de la page d'atterrissage doit être dupliqué comme accessURL sur la distribution. Αν η/οι διανομή/ές είναι προσβάσιμη/ες μόνο μέσω μίας ιστοσελίδας αρχικής πρόσβασης (δηλαδή αν δεν υπάρχουν γνωστές διευθύνσεις άμεσης μεταφόρτωσης), τότε ο σύνδεσμος της ιστοσελίδας αρχικής πρόσβασης πρέπει να αναπαραχθεί ως accessURL σε μία διανομή. ランディング・ページを通じてしか配信にアクセスできない場合（つまり、直接的なダウンロードURLが不明）には、配信におけるaccessURLとしてランディング・ページのリンクをコピーすべきです（SHOULD）。 Cette propriété doit être utilisée quand c'est définit le type de média de la distribution en IANA, sinon dct:format DOIT être utilisé avec différentes valeurs. Esta propiedad debe ser usada cuando está definido el tipo de media de la distribución en IANA, de otra manera dct:format puede ser utilizado con diferentes valores Il tipo di media della distribuzione come definito da IANA Medietypen for distributionen som den er defineret af IANA. The media type of the distribution as defined by IANA Typ média distribuce definovaný v IANA. Η ιδιότητα αυτή ΘΑ ΠΡΕΠΕΙ να χρησιμοποιείται όταν ο τύπος μέσου μίας διανομής είναι ορισμένος στο IANA, αλλιώς η ιδιότητα dct:format ΔΥΝΑΤΑΙ να χρησιμοποιηθεί με διαφορετικές τιμές. يجب استخدام هذه الخاصية إذا كان نوع الملف معرف ضمن IANA このプロパティーは、配信のメディア・タイプがIANAで定義されているときに使用すべきで（SHOULD）、そうでない場合には、dct:formatを様々な値と共に使用できます（MAY）。 media type medietype tipo de media tipo di media typ média type de média τύπος μέσου نوع الميديا メディア・タイプ Il range di dcat:mediaType è stato ristretto come parte della revisione di DCAT. Obor hodnot dcat:mediaType byl zúžen v této revizi DCAT. The range of dcat:mediaType has been tightened as part of the revision of DCAT. Cette propriété doit être utilisée quand c'est définit le type de média de la distribution en IANA, sinon dct:format DOIT être utilisé avec différentes valeurs. Esta propiedad debe ser usada cuando está definido el tipo de media de la distribución en IANA, de otra manera dct:format puede ser utilizado con diferentes valores. Il tipo di media della distribuzione come definito da IANA. Medietypen for distributionen som den er defineret af IANA. The media type of the distribution as defined by IANA. Typ média distribuce definovaný v IANA. Η ιδιότητα αυτή ΘΑ ΠΡΕΠΕΙ να χρησιμοποιείται όταν ο τύπος μέσου μίας διανομής είναι ορισμένος στο IANA, αλλιώς η ιδιότητα dct:format ΔΥΝΑΤΑΙ να χρησιμοποιηθεί με διαφορετικές τιμές. يجب استخدام هذه الخاصية إذا كان نوع الملف معرف ضمن IANA このプロパティーは、配信のメディア・タイプがIANAで定義されているときに使用すべきで（SHOULD）、そうでない場合には、dct:formatを様々な値と共に使用できます（MAY）。 Status: English Definition text modified by DCAT revision team, Italian and Czech translation provided, other translations pending. Note some inconsistency on def vs. usage. Denne egenskab BØR anvendes hvis distributionens medietype optræder i 'IANA media types registry' https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/, ellers KAN egenskaben dct:format anvendes med et andet udfaldsrum. Esta propiedad DEBERÍA usarse cuando el 'media type' de la distribución está definido en el registro IANA de 'media types' https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/, de lo contrario, dct:format PUEDE usarse con distintos valores. Questa proprietà DEVE essere usata quando il tipo di media della distribuzione è definito nel registro dei tipi di media IANA https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/, altrimenti dct:format PUO 'essere usato con differenti valori. Tato vlastnost BY MĚLA být použita, je-li typ média distribuce definován v registru IANA https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/. V ostatních případech MŮŽE být použita vlastnost dct:format s jinými hodnotami. This property SHOULD be used when the media type of the distribution is defined in the IANA media types registry https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/, otherwise dct:format MAY be used with different values. Balíčkový formát souboru, ve kterém je jeden či více souborů seskupeno dohromady, např. aby bylo možné stáhnout sadu souvisejících souborů naráz. El formato del archivo en que se agrupan uno o más archivos de datos, e.g. para permitir que un conjunto de archivos relacionados se bajen juntos. Format til pakning af data med henblik på distribution af en eller flere relaterede datafiler der samles til en enhed med henblik på samlet distribution. Il formato di impacchettamento della distribuzione in cui uno o più file di dati sono raggruppati insieme, ad es. per abilitare un insieme di file correlati da scaricare insieme. The package format of the distribution in which one or more data files are grouped together, e.g. to enable a set of related files to be downloaded together. formato de empaquetado formato di impacchettamento formát balíčku packaging format pakkeformat New property added in DCAT 2.0. Nová vlastnost přidaná ve verzi DCAT 2.0. Nueva propiedad agregada en DCAT 2.0. Nuova proprietà aggiunta in DCAT 2.0. Ny egenskab tilføjet i DCAT 2.0. Balíčkový formát souboru, ve kterém je jeden či více souborů seskupeno dohromady, např. aby bylo možné stáhnout sadu souvisejících souborů naráz. El formato del archivo en que se agrupan uno o más archivos de datos, e.g. para permitir que un conjunto de archivos relacionados se bajen juntos. Il formato di impacchettamento della distribuzione in cui uno o più file di dati sono raggruppati insieme, ad es. per abilitare un insieme di file correlati da scaricare insieme. The package format of the distribution in which one or more data files are grouped together, e.g. to enable a set of related files to be downloaded together. Denne egenskab kan anvendes hvis filerne i en distribution er pakket, fx i en TAR-fil, en Frictionless Data Package eller en Bagit-fil. Formatet BØR udtrykkes ved en medietype som defineret i 'IANA media types registry', hvis der optræder en relevant medietype dér: https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/. Esta propiedad se debe usar cuando los archivos de la distribución están empaquetados, por ejemplo en un archivo TAR, Frictionless Data Package o Bagit. El formato DEBERÍA expresarse usando un 'media type', tales como los definidos en el registro IANA de 'media types' https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/, si está disponibles. Questa proprietà deve essere utilizzata quando i file nella distribuzione sono impacchettati, ad esempio in un file TAR, Frictionless Data Package o Bagit. Il formato DOVREBBE essere espresso utilizzando un tipo di supporto come definito dal registro dei tipi di media IANA https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/, se disponibili. Tato vlastnost se použije, když jsou soubory v distribuci zabaleny, např. v souboru TAR, v balíčku Frictionless Data Package nebo v souboru Bagit. Formát BY MĚL být vyjádřen pomocí typu média definovaného v registru IANA https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/, pokud existuje. This property to be used when the files in the distribution are packaged, e.g. in a TAR file, a Frictionless Data Package or a Bagit file. The format SHOULD be expressed using a media type as defined by IANA media types registry https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/, if available. Enlace a una descripción de la relación con otro recurso. Link a una descrizione di una relazione con un'altra risorsa. Link to a description of a relationship with another resource. Odkaz na popis vztahu s jiným zdrojem. Reference til en beskrivelse af en relation til en anden ressource. Kvalificeret relation kvalifikovaný vztah qualified relation relación calificada relazione qualificata New property added in DCAT 2.0. Nová vlastnost přidaná ve verzi DCAT 2.0. Nuova proprietà aggiunta in DCAT 2.0. Ny egenskab tilføjet i DCAT 2.0. Propiedad nueva añadida en DCAT 2.0. Enlace a una descripción de la relación con otro recurso. Link a una descrizione di una relazione con un'altra risorsa. Link to a description of a relationship with another resource. Odkaz na popis vztahu s jiným zdrojem. Reference til en beskrivelse af en relation til en anden ressource. Introdotta in DCAT per integrare le altre relazioni qualificate di PROV. Introduced into DCAT to complement the other PROV qualified relations. Introduceret i DCAT med henblik på at supplere de øvrige kvalificerede relationer fra PROV. Přidáno do DCAT k doplnění jiných kvalifikovaných vztahů ze slovníku PROV. Se incluyó en DCAT para complementar las relaciones calificadas disponibles en PROV. Anvendes til at referere til en anden ressource hvor relationens betydning er kendt men ikke matcher en af de standardiserede egenskaber fra Dublin Core (dct:hasPart, dct:isPartOf, dct:conformsTo, dct:isFormatOf, dct:hasFormat, dct:isVersionOf, dct:hasVersion, dct:replaces, dct:isReplacedBy, dct:references, dct:isReferencedBy, dct:requires, dct:isRequiredBy) eller PROV-O-egenskaber (prov:wasDerivedFrom, prov:wasInfluencedBy, prov:wasQuotedFrom, prov:wasRevisionOf, prov:hadPrimarySource, prov:alternateOf, prov:specializationOf). Použito pro odkazování na jiný zdroj, kde druh vztahu je znám, ale neodpovídá standardním vlastnostem ze slovníku Dublin Core (dct:hasPart, dct:isPartOf, dct:conformsTo, dct:isFormatOf, dct:hasFormat, dct:isVersionOf, dct:hasVersion, dct:replaces, dct:isReplacedBy, dct:references, dct:isReferencedBy, dct:requires, dct:isRequiredBy) či slovníku PROV-O (prov:wasDerivedFrom, prov:wasInfluencedBy, prov:wasQuotedFrom, prov:wasRevisionOf, prov:hadPrimarySource, prov:alternateOf, prov:specializationOf). Se usa para asociar con otro recurso para el cuál la naturaleza de la relación es conocida pero no es ninguna de las propiedades que provee el estándar Dublin Core (dct:hasPart, dct:isPartOf, dct:conformsTo, dct:isFormatOf, dct:hasFormat, dct:isVersionOf, dct:hasVersion, dct:replaces, dct:isReplacedBy, dct:references, dct:isReferencedBy, dct:requires, dct:isRequiredBy) or PROV-O properties (prov:wasDerivedFrom, prov:wasInfluencedBy, prov:wasQuotedFrom, prov:wasRevisionOf, prov:hadPrimarySource, prov:alternateOf, prov:specializationOf). Used to link to another resource where the nature of the relationship is known but does not match one of the standard Dublin Core properties (dct:hasPart, dct:isPartOf, dct:conformsTo, dct:isFormatOf, dct:hasFormat, dct:isVersionOf, dct:hasVersion, dct:replaces, dct:isReplacedBy, dct:references, dct:isReferencedBy, dct:requires, dct:isRequiredBy) or PROV-O properties (prov:wasDerivedFrom, prov:wasInfluencedBy, prov:wasQuotedFrom, prov:wasRevisionOf, prov:hadPrimarySource, prov:alternateOf, prov:specializationOf). Viene utilizzato per associarsi a un'altra risorsa nei casi per i quali la natura della relazione è nota ma non è alcuna delle proprietà fornite dallo standard Dublin Core (dct:hasPart, dct:isPartOf, dct:conformsTo, dct:isFormatOf, dct:hasFormat , dct:isVersionOf, dct:hasVersion, dct:replaces, dct:isReplacedBy, dct:references, dct:isReferencedBy, dct:require, dct:isRequiredBy) o dalle proprietà fornite da PROV-O (prov:wasDerivedFrom, prov:wasInfluencedBy, prov:wasQuotedFrom , prov:wasRevisionOf, prov:hadPrimarySource, prov:alternateOf, prov:specializationOf). A record describing the registration of a single dataset or data service that is part of the catalog. Describe la registración de un conjunto de datos o un servicio de datos en el catálogo. En post der beskriver registreringen af et enkelt datasæt eller en datatjeneste som er opført i kataloget. Propojuje katalog a jeho záznamy. Relie un catalogue à ses registres. Un record che descrive la registrazione di un singolo set di dati o di un servizio dati che fa parte del catalogo. Záznam popisující registraci jedné datové sady či datové služby jakožto součásti katalogu. Συνδέει έναν κατάλογο με τις καταγραφές του. تربط الفهرس بسجل ضمنه カタログの一部であるカタログ・レコード。 post record record registre registro záznam καταγραφή سجل カタログ・レコード har post A record describing the registration of a single dataset or data service that is part of the catalog. Describe la registración de un conjunto de datos o un servicio de datos en el catálogo. En post der beskriver registreringen af et enkelt datasæt eller en datatjeneste som er opført i kataloget. Propojuje katalog a jeho záznamy. Relie un catalogue à ses registres. Un record che descrive la registrazione di un singolo set di dati o di un servizio dati che fa parte del catalogo. Záznam popisující registraci jedné datové sady či datové služby jakožto součásti katalogu. Συνδέει έναν κατάλογο με τις καταγραφές του. تربط الفهرس بسجل ضمنه カタログの一部であるカタログ・レコード。 Status: English, Italian, Spanish and Czech Definitions modified by DCAT revision team, other translations pending. A collection of data that this DataService can distribute. En samling af data som denne datatjeneste kan distribuere. Kolekce dat, kterou je tato Datová služba schopna poskytnout. Una colección de datos que este Servicio de Datos puede distribuir. Una raccolta di dati che questo DataService può distribuire. datatjeneste for datasæt poskytuje datovou sadu provee conjunto de datos serve set di dati serves dataset distribuerer ekspederer udstiller New property in DCAT 2.0. Nová vlastnost přidaná ve verzi DCAT 2.0. Nueva propiedad agregada en DCAT 2.0. Nuova proprietà in DCAT 2.0. A collection of data that this DataService can distribute. En samling af data som denne datatjeneste kan distribuere. Kolekce dat, kterou je tato Datová služba schopna poskytnout. Una colección de datos que este Servicio de Datos puede distribuir. Una raccolta di dati che questo DataService può distribuire. A site or endpoint that is listed in the catalog. Et websted eller et endpoint som er opført i kataloget. Umístění či přístupový bod registrovaný v katalogu. Un sitio o 'endpoint' que está listado en el catálogo. Un sito o endpoint elencato nel catalogo. datatjeneste service servicio servizio služba har datatjeneste New property added in DCAT 2.0. Nová vlastnost přidaná ve verzi DCAT 2.0. Nueva propiedad añadida en DCAT 2.0. Nuova proprietà aggiunta in DCAT 2.0. A site or endpoint that is listed in the catalog. Et websted eller et endpoint som er opført i kataloget. Umístění či přístupový bod registrovaný v katalogu. Un sitio o 'endpoint' que está listado en el catálogo. Un sito o endpoint elencato nel catalogo. A main category of the resource. A resource can have multiple themes. Et centralt emne for ressourcen. En ressource kan have flere centrale emner. Hlavní téma zdroje. Zdroj může mít více témat. La categoria principale della risorsa. Una risorsa può avere più temi. La categoría principal del recurso. Un recurso puede tener varios temas. La catégorie principale de la ressource. Une ressource peut avoir plusieurs thèmes. Η κύρια κατηγορία του συνόλου δεδομένων. Ένα σύνολο δεδομένων δύναται να έχει πολλαπλά θέματα. التصنيف الرئيسي لقائمة البيانات. قائمة البيانات يمكن أن تملك أكثر من تصنيف رئيسي واحد. データセットの主要カテゴリー。データセットは複数のテーマを持つことができます。 emne tema tema theme thème téma Θέμα التصنيف テーマ/カテゴリー tema A main category of the resource. A resource can have multiple themes. Et centralt emne for ressourcen. En ressource kan have flere centrale emner. Hlavní téma zdroje. Zdroj může mít více témat. La categoria principale della risorsa. Una risorsa può avere più temi. La categoría principal del recurso. Un recurso puede tener varios temas. La catégorie principale de la ressource. Une ressource peut avoir plusieurs thèmes. Η κύρια κατηγορία του συνόλου δεδομένων. Ένα σύνολο δεδομένων δύναται να έχει πολλαπλά θέματα. التصنيف الرئيسي لقائمة البيانات. قائمة البيانات يمكن أن تملك أكثر من تصنيف رئيسي واحد. データセットの主要カテゴリー。データセットは複数のテーマを持つことができます。 Status: English Definition text modified by DCAT revision team, all except for Italian and Czech translations are pending. El conjunto de skos:Concepts utilizados para categorizar los recursos están organizados en un skos:ConceptScheme que describe todas las categorías y sus relaciones en el catálogo. Il set di concetti skos usati per categorizzare le risorse sono organizzati in skos:ConceptScheme che descrive tutte le categorie e le loro relazioni nel catalogo. Sada instancí třídy skos:Concept použitá pro kategorizaci zdrojů je organizována do schématu konceptů skos:ConceptScheme, které popisuje všechny kategorie v katalogu a jejich vztahy. Samlingen af begreber (skos:Concept) der anvendes til at emneinddele ressourcer organiseres i et begrebssystem (skos:ConceptScheme) som beskriver alle emnerne og deres relationer i kataloget. The set of skos:Concepts used to categorize the resources are organized in a skos:ConceptScheme describing all the categories and their relations in the catalog. Un ensemble de skos:Concepts utilisés pour catégoriser les ressources sont organisés en un skos:ConceptScheme décrivant toutes les catégories et ses relations dans le catalogue. Το σετ των skos:Concepts που χρησιμοποιείται για να κατηγοριοποιήσει τα σύνολα δεδομένων είναι οργανωμένο εντός ενός skos:ConceptScheme που περιγράφει όλες τις κατηγορίες και τις σχέσεις αυτών στον κατάλογο. データセットを分類するために用いられるskos:Conceptの集合は、カタログのすべてのカテゴリーとそれらの関係を記述しているskos:ConceptSchemeで組織化されます。 El sistema de organización del conocimiento utilizado para clasificar conjuntos de datos de catálogos. Il sistema di organizzazione della conoscenza (KOS) usato per classificare i dataset del catalogo. Le systhème d'ogranisation de connaissances utilisé pour classifier les jeux de données du catalogue. Systém organizace znalostí (KOS) použitý pro klasifikaci datových sad v katalogu. The knowledge organization system (KOS) used to classify catalog's datasets. Vidensorganiseringssystem (KOS) som anvendes til at klassificere datasæt i kataloget. Το σύστημα οργάνωσης γνώσης που χρησιμοποιείται για την κατηγοριοποίηση των συνόλων δεδομένων του καταλόγου. لائحة التصنيفات المستخدمه لتصنيف قوائم البيانات ضمن الفهرس カタログのデータセットを分類するために用いられる知識組織化体系（KOS；knowledge organization system）。 emnetaksonomi tassonomia dei temi taxonomie de thèmes taxonomie témat taxonomía de temas theme taxonomy Ταξινομία θεματικών κατηγοριών. قائمة التصنيفات テーマ temataksonomi El sistema de organización del conocimiento utilizado para clasificar conjuntos de datos de catálogos. Il sistema di organizzazione della conoscenza (KOS) usato per classificare i dataset del catalogo. Le systhème d'ogranisation de connaissances utilisé pour classifier les jeux de données du catalogue. Systém organizace znalostí (KOS) použitý pro klasifikaci datových sad v katalogu. The knowledge organization system (KOS) used to classify catalog's datasets. Vidensorganiseringssystem (KOS) som anvendes til at klassificere datasæt i kataloget. Το σύστημα οργάνωσης γνώσης που χρησιμοποιείται για την κατηγοριοποίηση των συνόλων δεδομένων του καταλόγου. لائحة التصنيفات المستخدمه لتصنيف قوائم البيانات ضمن الفهرس カタログのデータセットを分類するために用いられる知識組織化体系（KOS；knowledge organization system）。 Det anbefales at taksonomien organiseres i et skos:ConceptScheme, skos:Collection, owl:Ontology eller lignende, som giver mulighed for at ethvert medlem af taksonomien kan forsynes med en IRI og udgives som linked-data. It is recommended that the taxonomy is organized in a skos:ConceptScheme, skos:Collection, owl:Ontology or similar, which allows each member to be denoted by an IRI and published as linked-data. Je doporučeno, aby byla taxonomie vyjádřena jako skos:ConceptScheme, skos:Collection, owl:Ontology nebo podobné, aby mohla být každá položka identifikována pomocí IRI a publikována jako propojená data. Se recomienda que la taxonomía se organice como un skos:ConceptScheme, skos:Collection, owl:Ontology o similar, los cuáles permiten que cada miembro se denote con una IRI y se publique como datos enlazados. Si raccomanda che la tassonomia sia organizzata in uno skos:ConceptScheme, skos:Collection, owl:Ontology o simili, che permette ad ogni membro di essere indicato da un IRI e pubblicato come linked-data. This axiom needed so that Protege loads DCAT2 without errors. The time needed to accelerate the vehicle from a given start velocity to a given target velocity.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): SEC for seconds<br/><br/> <ul> <li>Note: There are unfortunately no standard unit codes for seconds/0..100 km/h or seconds/0..60 mph. Simply use "SEC" for seconds and indicate the velocities in the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/name">name</a> of the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/QuantitativeValue">QuantitativeValue</a>, or use <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/valueReference">valueReference</a> with a <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/QuantitativeValue">QuantitativeValue</a> of 0..60 mph or 0..100 km/h to specify the reference speeds.</li> </ul> accelerationTime The ACRISS Car Classification Code is a code used by many car rental companies, for classifying vehicles. ACRISS stands for Association of Car Rental Industry Systems and Standards. acrissCode Length of time to engage in the activity. activityDuration How often one should engage in the activity. activityFrequency Any additional component of the exercise prescription that may need to be articulated to the patient. This may include the order of exercises, the number of repetitions of movement, quantitative distance, progressions over time, etc. additionalVariable A route by which this drug may be administered, e.g. 'oral'. administrationRoute Any precaution, guidance, contraindication, etc. related to consumption of alcohol while taking this drug. alcoholWarning The algorithm or rules to follow to compute the score. algorithm An available dosage strength for the drug. availableStrength Indicates the design and body style of the vehicle (e.g. station wagon, hatchback, etc.). bodyType Any precaution, guidance, contraindication, etc. related to this drug's use by breastfeeding mothers. breastfeedingWarning The available volume for cargo or luggage. For automobiles, this is usually the trunk volume.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): LTR for liters, FTQ for cubic foot/feet<br/><br/> Note: You can use <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/minValue">minValue</a> and <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/maxValue">maxValue</a> to indicate ranges. cargoVolume A data catalog which contains this dataset. catalog The name of a character played in some acting or performing role, i.e. in a PerformanceRole. characterName Description of the absorption and elimination of drugs, including their concentration (pharmacokinetics, pK) and biological effects (pharmacodynamics, pD). clincalPharmacology Description of the absorption and elimination of drugs, including their concentration (pharmacokinetics, pK) and biological effects (pharmacodynamics, pD). clinicalPharmacology An item within a data feed. Data feeds may have many elements. dataFeedElement A dataset contained in this catalog. dataset The range of temporal applicability of a dataset, e.g. for a 2011 census dataset, the year 2011 (in ISO 8601 time interval format). datasetTimeInterval The date of the first registration of the vehicle with the respective public authorities. dateVehicleFirstRegistered A downloadable form of this dataset, at a specific location, in a specific format. This property can be repeated if different variations are available. There is no expectation that different downloadable distributions must contain exactly equivalent information (see also <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-3/#Class:Distribution">DCAT</a> on this point). Different distributions might include or exclude different subsets of the entire dataset, for example. distribution A dosage form in which this drug/supplement is available, e.g. 'tablet', 'suspension', 'injection'. dosageForm The drive wheel configuration, i.e. which roadwheels will receive torque from the vehicle's engine via the drivetrain. driveWheelConfiguration The class of drug this belongs to (e.g., statins). drugClass The CO2 emissions in g/km. When used in combination with a QuantitativeValue, put "g/km" into the unitText property of that value, since there is no UN/CEFACT Common Code for "g/km". emissionsCO2 Any precaution, guidance, contraindication, etc. related to consumption of specific foods while taking this drug. foodWarning The capacity of the fuel tank or in the case of electric cars, the battery. If there are multiple components for storage, this should indicate the total of all storage of the same type.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): LTR for liters, GLL of US gallons, GLI for UK / imperial gallons, AMH for ampere-hours (for electrical vehicles). fuelCapacity The amount of fuel consumed for traveling a particular distance or temporal duration with the given vehicle (e.g. liters per 100 km).<br/><br/> <ul> <li>Note 1: There are unfortunately no standard unit codes for liters per 100 km. Use <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/unitText">unitText</a> to indicate the unit of measurement, e.g. L/100 km.</li> <li>Note 2: There are two ways of indicating the fuel consumption, <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/fuelConsumption">fuelConsumption</a> (e.g. 8 liters per 100 km) and <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/fuelEfficiency">fuelEfficiency</a> (e.g. 30 miles per gallon). They are reciprocal.</li> <li>Note 3: Often, the absolute value is useful only when related to driving speed ("at 80 km/h") or usage pattern ("city traffic"). You can use <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/valueReference">valueReference</a> to link the value for the fuel consumption to another value.</li> </ul> fuelConsumption The distance traveled per unit of fuel used; most commonly miles per gallon (mpg) or kilometers per liter (km/L).<br/><br/> <ul> <li>Note 1: There are unfortunately no standard unit codes for miles per gallon or kilometers per liter. Use <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/unitText">unitText</a> to indicate the unit of measurement, e.g. mpg or km/L.</li> <li>Note 2: There are two ways of indicating the fuel consumption, <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/fuelConsumption">fuelConsumption</a> (e.g. 8 liters per 100 km) and <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/fuelEfficiency">fuelEfficiency</a> (e.g. 30 miles per gallon). They are reciprocal.</li> <li>Note 3: Often, the absolute value is useful only when related to driving speed ("at 80 km/h") or usage pattern ("city traffic"). You can use <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/valueReference">valueReference</a> to link the value for the fuel economy to another value.</li> </ul> fuelEfficiency A hospital with which the physician or office is affiliated. hospitalAffiliation A data catalog which contains this dataset (this property was previously 'catalog', preferred name is now 'includedInDataCatalog'). includedDataCatalog A data catalog which contains this dataset. includedInDataCatalog The insurance plans that cover this drug. includedInHealthInsurancePlan Quantitative measure gauging the degree of force involved in the exercise, for example, heartbeats per minute. May include the velocity of the movement. intensity Another drug that is known to interact with this drug in a way that impacts the effect of this drug or causes a risk to the patient. Note: disease interactions are typically captured as contraindications. interactingDrug True if the drug is available in a generic form (regardless of name). isAvailableGenerically A textual description of known damages, both repaired and unrepaired. knownVehicleDamages Link to the drug's label details. labelDetails Indicates the relationship type of a Web link. linkRelationship Indicates that the vehicle meets the respective emission standard. meetsEmissionStandard The total distance travelled by the particular vehicle since its initial production, as read from its odometer.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): KMT for kilometers, SMI for statute miles mileageFromOdometer The release date of a vehicle model (often used to differentiate versions of the same make and model). modelDate A position played, performed or filled by a person or organization, as part of an organization. For example, an athlete in a SportsTeam might play in the position named 'Quarterback'. namedPosition The number or type of airbags in the vehicle. numberOfAirbags The number of axles.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): C62 numberOfAxles The number of doors.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): C62 numberOfDoors The total number of forward gears available for the transmission system of the vehicle.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): C62 numberOfForwardGears The number of owners of the vehicle, including the current one.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): C62 numberOfPreviousOwners A number associated with a role in an organization, for example, the number on an athlete's jersey. numberedPosition The vasculature the lymphatic structure originates, or afferents, from. originatesFrom Any information related to overdose on a drug, including signs or symptoms, treatments, contact information for emergency response. overdosage The permitted weight of passengers and cargo, EXCLUDING the weight of the empty vehicle.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): KGM for kilogram, LBR for pound<br/><br/> <ul> <li>Note 1: Many databases specify the permitted TOTAL weight instead, which is the sum of <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/weight">weight</a> and <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/payload">payload</a></li> <li>Note 2: You can indicate additional information in the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/name">name</a> of the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/QuantitativeValue">QuantitativeValue</a> node.</li> <li>Note 3: You may also link to a <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/QualitativeValue">QualitativeValue</a> node that provides additional information using <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/valueReference">valueReference</a>.</li> <li>Note 4: Note that you can use <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/minValue">minValue</a> and <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/maxValue">maxValue</a> to indicate ranges.</li> </ul> payload Pregnancy category of this drug. pregnancyCategory Any precaution, guidance, contraindication, etc. related to this drug's use during pregnancy. pregnancyWarning Link to prescribing information for the drug. prescribingInfo Indicates the status of drug prescription, e.g. local catalogs classifications or whether the drug is available by prescription or over-the-counter, etc. prescriptionStatus Strength of the guideline's recommendation (e.g. 'class I'). recommendationStrength Any other drug related to this one, for example commonly-prescribed alternatives. relatedDrug Number of times one should repeat the activity. repetitions How often one should break from the activity. restPeriods A role played, performed or filled by a person or organization. For example, the team of creators for a comic book might fill the roles named 'inker', 'penciller', and 'letterer'; or an athlete in a SportsTeam might play in the position named 'Quarterback'. roleName The permitted total weight of cargo and installations (e.g. a roof rack) on top of the vehicle.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): KGM for kilogram, LBR for pound<br/><br/> <ul> <li>Note 1: You can indicate additional information in the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/name">name</a> of the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/QuantitativeValue">QuantitativeValue</a> node.</li> <li>Note 2: You may also link to a <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/QualitativeValue">QualitativeValue</a> node that provides additional information using <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/valueReference">valueReference</a></li> <li>Note 3: Note that you can use <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/minValue">minValue</a> and <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/maxValue">maxValue</a> to indicate ranges.</li> </ul> roofLoad The vasculature the lymphatic structure runs, or efferents, to. runsTo The RxCUI drug identifier from RXNORM. rxcui The number of persons that can be seated (e.g. in a vehicle), both in terms of the physical space available, and in terms of limitations set by law.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): C62 for persons seatingCapacity The speed range of the vehicle. If the vehicle is powered by an engine, the upper limit of the speed range (indicated by <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/maxValue">maxValue</a>) should be the maximum speed achievable under regular conditions.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): KMH for km/h, HM for mile per hour (0.447 04 m/s), KNT for knot<br/><br/> *Note 1: Use <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/minValue">minValue</a> and <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/maxValue">maxValue</a> to indicate the range. Typically, the minimal value is zero. * Note 2: There are many different ways of measuring the speed range. You can link to information about how the given value has been determined using the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/valueReference">valueReference</a> property. speed The position of the steering wheel or similar device (mostly for cars). steeringPosition Specifics about the observational study design (enumerated). studyDesign The type of tissue sample required for the test. tissueSample The permitted vertical load (TWR) of a trailer attached to the vehicle. Also referred to as Tongue Load Rating (TLR) or Vertical Load Rating (VLR).<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): KGM for kilogram, LBR for pound<br/><br/> <ul> <li>Note 1: You can indicate additional information in the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/name">name</a> of the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/QuantitativeValue">QuantitativeValue</a> node.</li> <li>Note 2: You may also link to a <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/QualitativeValue">QualitativeValue</a> node that provides additional information using <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/valueReference">valueReference</a>.</li> <li>Note 3: Note that you can use <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/minValue">minValue</a> and <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/maxValue">maxValue</a> to indicate ranges.</li> </ul> tongueWeight The permitted weight of a trailer attached to the vehicle.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): KGM for kilogram, LBR for pound * Note 1: You can indicate additional information in the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/name">name</a> of the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/QuantitativeValue">QuantitativeValue</a> node. * Note 2: You may also link to a <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/QualitativeValue">QualitativeValue</a> node that provides additional information using <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/valueReference">valueReference</a>. * Note 3: Note that you can use <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/minValue">minValue</a> and <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/maxValue">maxValue</a> to indicate ranges. trailerWeight The variableMeasured property can indicate (repeated as necessary) the variables that are measured in some dataset, either described as text or as pairs of identifier and description using PropertyValue. variableMeasured Originally named <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/variablesMeasured">variablesMeasured</a>, the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/variableMeasured">variableMeasured</a> property can indicate (repeated as necessary) the variables that are measured in some dataset, either described as text or as pairs of identifier and description using PropertyValue. variablesMeasured A short text indicating the configuration of the vehicle, e.g. '5dr hatchback ST 2.5 MT 225 hp' or 'limited edition'. vehicleConfiguration Information about the engine or engines of the vehicle. vehicleEngine The Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) is a unique serial number used by the automotive industry to identify individual motor vehicles. vehicleIdentificationNumber The color or color combination of the interior of the vehicle. vehicleInteriorColor The type or material of the interior of the vehicle (e.g. synthetic fabric, leather, wood, etc.). While most interior types are characterized by the material used, an interior type can also be based on vehicle usage or target audience. vehicleInteriorType The release date of a vehicle model (often used to differentiate versions of the same make and model). vehicleModelDate The number of passengers that can be seated in the vehicle, both in terms of the physical space available, and in terms of limitations set by law.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): C62 for persons. vehicleSeatingCapacity Indicates whether the vehicle has been used for special purposes, like commercial rental, driving school, or as a taxi. The legislation in many countries requires this information to be revealed when offering a car for sale. vehicleSpecialUsage The type of component used for transmitting the power from a rotating power source to the wheels or other relevant component(s) ("gearbox" for cars). vehicleTransmission Any FDA or other warnings about the drug (text or URL). warning The permitted total weight of the loaded vehicle, including passengers and cargo and the weight of the empty vehicle.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): KGM for kilogram, LBR for pound<br/><br/> <ul> <li>Note 1: You can indicate additional information in the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/name">name</a> of the <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/QuantitativeValue">QuantitativeValue</a> node.</li> <li>Note 2: You may also link to a <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/QualitativeValue">QualitativeValue</a> node that provides additional information using <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/valueReference">valueReference</a>.</li> <li>Note 3: Note that you can use <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/minValue">minValue</a> and <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/maxValue">maxValue</a> to indicate ranges.</li> </ul> weightTotal The distance between the centers of the front and rear wheels.<br/><br/> Typical unit code(s): CMT for centimeters, MTR for meters, INH for inches, FOT for foot/feet wheelbase Quantitative measure of the physiologic output of the exercise; also referred to as energy expenditure. workload Property linking a biological sequence to a string representing the ordered units that comprise the sequence (e.g. 'atgcagctagctaccgtcgatcg'). has_string Describes the number of members in some set. has_count In GENO, this is used to describe things like the number of sequence features comprising a 'sequence feature set', the number of sequences in a 'biological sequence set', or the number of functional sequences defining a particular 'functional copy number complement'. has_member_count has measurement value has specified numeric value A relation between a value specification and a number that quantifies it. A range of 'real' might be better than 'float'. For now we follow 'has measurement value' until we can consider technical issues with SPARQL queries and reasoning. PERSON: James A. Overton OBI has specified numeric value has specified value A relation between a value specification and a literal. This is not an RDF/OWL object property. It is intended to link a value found in e.g. a database column of 'M' (the literal) to an instance of a value specification class, which can then be linked to indicate that this is about the biological gender of a human subject. OBI has specified value mass number This alphanumeric string is generated at data acquisition, and is used to uniquely identify the dataset. NASA Life Sciences Portal Dataset Catalog dataset_catalog dataset catalog id This alphanumeric string is generated at data acquisition, and is used to uniquely identify the dataset. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO ALSDA subject ID: Unique numeric identifier of a group to which the subject belongs. Examples of subject groups (Flight/Ground Control/Basal) NASA Life Sciences Portal From Subject Number ALSDA Subject ID subject_id subject id ALSDA subject ID: Unique numeric identifier of a group to which the subject belongs. Examples of subject groups (Flight/Ground Control/Basal) https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO The UID assigned by NBISC and used in the Ames Life Science Data Archive NASA Life Sciences Portal Bio ID ALSDA Biospecimen ID bio_id bio ID The UID assigned by NBISC and used in the Ames Life Science Data Archive https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO Original document number assigned by the JSC or ARC project, mission level offices, or headquarters level offices. For publication citations only, this is a number generated by the SQL database. NASA Life Sciences Portal Document Number document_number document number Original document number assigned by the JSC or ARC project, mission level offices, or headquarters level offices. For publication citations only, this is a number generated by the SQL database. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. NASA Life Sciences Portal Biospecimen Category Biospecimen Category category biospecimen category Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. equivalent or subproperty of http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000467 Date when data are released (usually by the PI) to the archive, or released to go on the public Website. NASA Life Sciences Portal Release Date release_date release date Date when data are released (usually by the PI) to the archive, or released to go on the public Website. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO Magnitude of the temporal extent between the start of mission operations and the end of mission operations NASA Life Sciences Portal Duration duration duration Magnitude of the temporal extent between the start of mission operations and the end of mission operations Specified from the definition of http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001309 A short title assigned to the study NASA Life Sciences Portal Alternate Experiment Name(s) experiment_alias alternate experiment name A short title assigned to the study https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO NASA Life Sciences Portal keyword This value denotes whether a dataset is available for download on the public site. Datasets are either available for download on-line, or available off-line in hardcopy form. NASA Life Sciences Portal Dataset Availability dataset availability Available; Availability dataset availability This value denotes whether a dataset is available for download on the public site. Datasets are either available for download on-line, or available off-line in hardcopy form. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO The family name associated with the object NASA Life Sciences Portal Last Name lname last name The family name associated with the object owl:equivalentProperty IRI: http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#family-name Phylogenetic classification of the subject or biospecimen host. Examples include: Homo sapiens, Mus musculus NASA Life Sciences Portal Subject Science Name Type subject_sci_name Taxon Phylogenetic classification of the subject or biospecimen host. Examples include: Homo sapiens, Mus musculus https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO A textual entity refers to a taxon or organism that is based on the normal language of everyday life; this kind of name is often contrasted with the scientific name for the same organism, which is Latinized. NASA Life Sciences Portal Subject Species Common name subject_species Common name A textual entity refers to a taxon or organism that is based on the normal language of everyday life; this kind of name is often contrasted with the scientific name for the same organism, which is Latinized. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0003074 Typically, a Title will be a name by which the resource is formally known. cf IAO:0000305 document title as a class NASA Life Sciences Portal Document Title document_title document title Typically, a Title will be a name by which the resource is formally known. cf IAO:0000305 document title as a class equiv to http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title Experimental group that a subject belongs to (fixed choice: F, B, GC, V, etc.) NASA Life Sciences Portal Session Type Experimental Group session_type session type Experimental group that a subject belongs to (fixed choice: F, B, GC, V, etc.) https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO NASA Life Sciences Portal hardware_description hardware description Identifier for NASA's research announcements or other "calls for proposals" (i.e. AO, NRA, etc.) soliciting the experiment NASA Life Sciences Portal Proposal Source proposal_source proposal source Identifier for NASA's research announcements or other "calls for proposals" (i.e. AO, NRA, etc.) soliciting the experiment https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO NASA Life Sciences Portal Mission ID mission_id mission id This field refers to the NASA classification of the experiment, in terms of the type of research project it originated from and/or is currently under (i.e AG, LSAH, CEVP), the type of payload or experiment it is, and/or the type of program it is related to. NASA Life Sciences Portal Experiment Type experiment_type_lk experiment type This field refers to the NASA classification of the experiment, in terms of the type of research project it originated from and/or is currently under (i.e AG, LSAH, CEVP), the type of payload or experiment it is, and/or the type of program it is related to. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO NASA Life Sciences Portal duration range duration_range durationRange The unique identifier assigned to each study NASA Life Sciences Portal Experiment ID experiment_id experiment id The unique identifier assigned to each study http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier The given name associated with the object NASA Life Sciences Portal First Name fname first name The given name associated with the object http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#given-name A textual entity that specifies characteristics of some entity. cf. apollosv:00000476 NASA Life Sciences Portal description NASA Life Sciences Portal image id Indicates the material obtained from an organism in order to be a representative of the whole NASA Life Sciences Portal Biospecimen Name Type bio_name biospecimen name Indicates the material obtained from an organism in order to be a representative of the whole http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000671 A human-readable version of this object synonymous with rdfs:label as applied to institution NASA Life Sciences Portal institution name A human-readable version of this object rdfs label (see https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_label) An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical expression of sexual characteristics. cf. ExO:0000102 sex NASA Life Sciences Portal Gender Sex gender gender An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical expression of sexual characteristics. cf. ExO:0000102 sex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001894 NASA Life Sciences Portal Launch Date land_date launch date NASA Life Sciences Portal per_id NASA Life Sciences Portal payload_title payload title The official name given to a study - usually the same name used when responding to a solicitation Experiment Title experiment_title experiment title The official name given to a study - usually the same name used when responding to a solicitation http://purl.org/dc/terms/title NASA Life Sciences Portal Land Date launch_date land date NASA Life Sciences Portal NASA Center Code nasa_center_code nasa center code An account of the content of the resource. NASA Life Sciences Portal Document Description document_description document description An account of the content of the resource. equiv to http://purl.org/dc/terms/description The proposed and/or actual start date of the experiment. NASA Life Sciences Portal Proposal Date proposal_date proposal date NASA Life Sciences Portal component name NASA Life Sciences Portal configuration_description NASA Life Sciences Portal Hardware Type hardware_type hardware type The city or town associated with the address of the object. cf. vcard:locality NASA Life Sciences Portal city The city or town associated with the address of the object. cf. vcard:locality owl:equivalentProperty http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#locality NASA Life Sciences Portal config_name configuration name owl:equivalentProperty http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C91820 NASA Life Sciences Portal file thumbnail owl:equivalentProperty http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C91820 A small image that is representative of a larger image file. The name (or part of a name) of a file (of any type) NASA Life Sciences Portal File Name file_name file name The name (or part of a name) of a file (of any type) owl:equivalentProperty http://edamontology.org/data_1050 These are the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms assigned by LSDA archivists to the experiment. NASA Life Sciences Portal Keywords keywords keywords These are the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms assigned by LSDA archivists to the experiment. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO NASA Life Sciences Portal Middle Name mname middle name Programmatic, or data acquisition or data quality information regarding this dataset. NASA Life Sciences Portal Dataset Review dataset_review review Programmatic, or data acquisition or data quality information regarding this dataset. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO NASA Life Sciences Portal Tissue Medium tissue_medium tissue medium A device used to preserve and store specimen (fixed choice: 2ml cryotube, etc.). NASA Life Sciences Portal Container Size Container size container_size container size A device used to preserve and store specimen (fixed choice: 2ml cryotube, etc.). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0002088 NASA center of the biospecimen NASA Life Sciences Portal Biospecimen Center center_data_entered biospecimen center Date of euthanasia for animals. Can be the same day as dissection. Date of sample harvest for other type of experiments. . NASA Life Sciences Portal Collection Day Date of euthanasia or sample collection CollectionDayDisplay collection day Date of euthanasia for animals. Can be the same day as dissection. Date of sample harvest for other type of experiments. . ttp://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0002471 NASA Life Sciences Portal Component Image component image NASA Life Sciences Portal Component Image Size component image size Physical location where the data was collected NASA Life Sciences Portal Data Collection Site DataCollectionSite data collection site Physical location where the data was collected https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO NASA Life Sciences Portal Protocol/Approach protocol_approach protocol approach NASA Life Sciences Portal Processing Level ProcessingLevel processing level The mechanical equipment component used. NASA Life Sciences Portal Hardware Name hardware_name hardware_name The mechanical equipment component used. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO Describes the information, in terms of the group responsible for collecting and/or providing the data. NASA Life Sciences Portal Data Source DataSource data source Describes the information, in terms of the group responsible for collecting and/or providing the data. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO The physical or digital form in which the data are available. NASA Life Sciences Portal Dataset Medium dataset_medium dataset medium The physical or digital form in which the data are available. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO An entity responsible for making the resource. NASA Life Sciences Portal creator creator creator An entity responsible for making the resource. equiv to http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator NASA center or other location where the document is archived; for hardcopy documents, this field also indicates where the document can be ordered NASA Life Sciences Portal location location (archive/request) NASA center or other location where the document is archived; for hardcopy documents, this field also indicates where the document can be ordered https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO Date (often a range) that the resource will become or did become available. NASA Life Sciences Portal Publication Date publication_date publication date Date (often a range) that the resource will become or did become available. equiv to http://purl.org/dc/terms/available NASA Life Sciences Portal Document Type type type Access restrictions for ordering/receiving the archived document. NASA Life Sciences Portal Document Availability document availability document availability Access restrictions for ordering/receiving the archived document. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO NASA Life Sciences Portal S3 File GUID __s3_file_guid s3 file GUID File name for document available for online. NASA Life Sciences Portal File name filename document filename File name for document available for online. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO Defines the progress toward completion of archiving an experiment record, or other status information NASA Life Sciences Portal Data Preservation Status archive_status data preservation status Defines the progress toward completion of archiving an experiment record, or other status information https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO Designates the NASA center assigned to preserving and curating an experiment's data and metadata. Note that It is not necessarily the same as the managing center. NASA Life Sciences Portal Archiving NASA Center nasa_center archiving NASA center Designates the NASA center assigned to preserving and curating an experiment's data and metadata. Note that It is not necessarily the same as the managing center. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO Indicates the agency that is funding (sponsoring) the experiment. NASA Life Sciences Portal agency agency agency Indicates the agency that is funding (sponsoring) the experiment. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO NASA Life Sciences Portal Discipline discipline discipline Designates the research announcement (aka NRA) under which the study was funded. NASA Life Sciences Portal Task Solicitation task_solicitation task solicitation NASA Life Sciences Portal Species species species NASA Life Sciences Portal Parameter(s) parameter_html parameter NASA Life Sciences Portal Hardware Alias hardware_alias hardware alias NASA Life Sciences Portal Payload ID payload_id payload ID NASA Life Sciences Portal Image Description image_description image description NASA Life Sciences Portal S3 File GUID __s3_file_guid s3 file guid NASA Life Sciences Portal Image Name image_name image name NASA Life Sciences Portal File Type _file_extension file extension NASA Life Sciences Portal file type Provides general spatial information on the environment of the mission's activities. This includes vehicle namess, crewed or uncrewed, which are designed to orbit bout the Earth or another celestial body or be placed into a trajectory to another celestial body or location in space, satellites, space-analog ground facilities NASA Life Sciences Portal Spacecraft/Location spacecraft spacecraft or location Provides general spatial information on the environment of the mission's activities. This includes vehicle namess, crewed or uncrewed, which are designed to orbit bout the Earth or another celestial body or be placed into a trajectory to another celestial body or location in space, satellites, space-analog ground facilities https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO An organism that is bred to have some uniform behavioral, morphological, physiological, or genetic characteristics with similarly bred organisms NASA Life Sciences Portal strain Strain strain strain An organism that is bred to have some uniform behavioral, morphological, physiological, or genetic characteristics with similarly bred organisms ?http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001185 Duty center of the NASA representative NASA Life Sciences Portal center center center Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) NASA Life Sciences Portal animal id RFID animal id Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO NASA Life Sciences Portal group id group id NASA Life Sciences Portal supplier id supplier id The vendor of the animals. (eg. Jackson Laboratory, Charles River Laboratories). Or supplier of the plant/ cells. NASA Life Sciences Portal supplier name Subject supplier supplier name The vendor of the animals. (eg. Jackson Laboratory, Charles River Laboratories). Or supplier of the plant/ cells. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO A description of the subjects that were studied within the experiment NASA Life Sciences Portal subject description Subject description subject description A description of the subjects that were studied within the experiment https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO Animal body weight at launch. Unit is a separate field. cf. This is a literal value, See pato:0000128 for quality class NASA Life Sciences Portal weight Body weight at launch weight weight Animal body weight at launch. Unit is a separate field. cf. This is a literal value, See pato:0000128 for quality class https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO NASA Life Sciences Portal subject index subject_index subject index NASA Life Sciences Portal ARC-SLIMS system name Indicates the center that is coordinating the implementation of the study. Managing NASA Center managing NASA center managing_nasa_center managing NASA center Indicates the center that is coordinating the implementation of the study. https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO The additional name associated with the object additional name The date of marriage, or equivalent, of the object anniversary To specify the birth date of the object birth date The category information about the object, also known as tags category This data property has been deprecated class true The country name associated with the address of the object country name This data property has been deprecated extended address true The family name associated with the object family name The formatted text corresponding to the name of the object formatted name The given name associated with the object given name The honorific prefix of the name associated with the object honorific prefix The honorific suffix of the name associated with the object honorific suffix This data property has been deprecated label true To specify the language that may be used for contacting the object. May also be used as a property parameter. language This data property has been deprecated. See hasGeo latitude true The locality (e.g. city or town) associated with the address of the object locality This data property has been deprecated. See hasGeo longitude true This data property has been deprecated mailer true The nick name associated with the object nickname A note associated with the object note To specify the organizational name associated with the object organization name To specify the organizational unit name associated with the object organizational unit name This data property has been deprecated post office box true The postal code associated with the address of the object postal code To specify the identifier for the product that created the object product id The region (e.g. state or province) associated with the address of the object region To specify revision information about the object revision To specify the function or part played in a particular situation by the object role To specify the string to be used for national-language-specific sorting. Used as a property parameter only. sort as The street address associated with the address of the object street address To specify the position or job of the object title To indicate time zone information that is specific to the object. May also be used as a property parameter. time zone Used to indicate the literal value of a data property that requires property parameters value bounding box bounding box cuadro delimitador ohraničení oblasti quadro di delimitazione New property added in DCAT 2.0. Nová vlastnost přidaná ve verzi DCAT 2.0. Nuova proprietà aggiunta in DCAT 2.0. Ny egenskab tilføjet i DCAT 2.0. Propiedad nueva agregada en DCAT 2.0. Den geografiske omskrevne firkant af en ressource. El cuadro delimitador geográfico para un recurso. Il riquadro di delimitazione geografica di una risorsa. Ohraničení geografické oblasti zdroje. The geographic bounding box of a resource. El rango de esta propiedad es intencionalmente genérico con el propósito de permitir distintas codificaciones geométricas. Por ejemplo, la geometría puede ser codificada como WKT (geosparql:wktLiteral [GeoSPARQL]) o [GML] (geosparql:asGML [GeoSPARQL]). Il range di questa proprietà è volutamente generica, con lo scopo di consentire diverse codifiche geometriche. Ad esempio, la geometria potrebbe essere codificata con WKT (geosparql:wktLiteral [GeoSPARQL]) o [GML] (geosparql:asGML [GeoSPARQL]). Obor hodnot této vlastnosti je úmyslně obecný, aby umožnil různé kódování geometrií. Geometrie by kupříkladu mohla být kódována jako WKT (geosparql:wktLiteral [GeoSPARQL]) či [GML] (geosparql:asGML [GeoSPARQL]). Rækkevidden for denne egenskab er bevidst generisk defineret med det formål at tillade forskellige kodninger af geometrier. Geometrien kan eksempelvis repræsenteres som WKT (geosparql:asWKT [GeoSPARQL]) eller [GML] (geosparql:asGML [GeoSPARQL]). The range of this property is intentionally generic, with the purpose of allowing different geometry encodings. E.g., the geometry could be encoded with as WKT (geosparql:wktLiteral [GeoSPARQL]) or [GML] (geosparql:asGML [GeoSPARQL]). El tamaño de una distribución en bytes. La dimensione di una distribuzione in byte. La taille de la distribution en octects Størrelsen af en distributionen angivet i bytes. The size of a distribution in bytes. Velikost distribuce v bajtech. Το μέγεθος μιας διανομής σε bytes. الحجم بالبايتات バイトによる配信のサイズ。 byte size bytestørrelse dimensione in byte taille en octects tamaño en bytes velikost v bajtech μέγεθος σε bytes الحجم بالبايت バイト・サイズ El tamaño de una distribución en bytes. La dimensione di una distribuzione in byte. La taille de la distribution en octects. Størrelsen af en distribution angivet i bytes. The size of a distribution in bytes. Velikost distribuce v bajtech. Το μέγεθος μιας διανομής σε bytes. الحجم بالبايتات バイトによる配信のサイズ。 Bytestørrelsen kan approximeres hvis den præcise størrelse ikke er kendt. Værdien af dcat:byteSize bør angives som xsd:decimal. El tamaño en bytes puede ser aproximado cuando se desconoce el tamaño exacto. El valor literal de dcat:byteSize debe tener tipo 'xsd:decimal'. La dimensione in byte può essere approssimata quando non si conosce la dimensione precisa. Il valore di dcat:byteSize dovrebbe essere espresso come un xsd:decimal. La taille en octects peut être approximative lorsque l'on ignore la taille réelle. La valeur littérale de dcat:byteSize doit être de type xsd:decimal. The size in bytes can be approximated when the precise size is not known. The literal value of dcat:byteSize should by typed as xsd:decimal. Velikost v bajtech může být přibližná, pokud její přesná hodnota není známa. Literál s hodnotou dcat:byteSize by měl mít datový typ xsd:decimal. Το μέγεθος σε bytes μπορεί να προσεγγιστεί όταν η ακριβής τιμή δεν είναι γνωστή. Η τιμή της dcat:byteSize θα πρέπει να δίνεται με τύπο δεδομένων xsd:decimal. الحجم يمكن أن يكون تقريبي إذا كان الحجم الدقيق غير معروف 正確なサイズが不明である場合、サイズは、バイトによる近似値を示すことができます。 centroid centroid centroide centroide geometrisk tyngdepunkt centroide New property added in DCAT 2.0. Nová vlastnost přidaná ve verzi DCAT 2.0. Nueva propiedad agregada en DCAT 2.0. Nuova proprietà aggiunta in DCAT 2.0. Ny egenskab tilføjet i DCAT 2.0. Det geometrisk tyngdepunkt (centroid) for en ressource. El centro geográfico (centroide) de un recurso. Geografický střed (centroid) zdroje. Il centro geografico (centroide) di una risorsa. The geographic center (centroid) of a resource. El rango de esta propiedad es intencionalmente genérico con el objetivo de permitir distintas codificaciones geométricas. Por ejemplo, la geometría puede codificarse como WKT (geosparql:wktLiteral [GeoSPARQL]) o [GML] (geosparql:asGML [GeoSPARQL]). Il range di questa proprietà è volutamente generica, con lo scopo di consentire diverse codifiche geometriche. Ad esempio, la geometria potrebbe essere codificata con WKT (geosparql:wktLiteral [GeoSPARQL]) o [GML] (geosparql:asGML [GeoSPARQL]). Obor hodnot této vlastnosti je úmyslně obecný, aby umožnil různé kódování geometrií. Geometrie by kupříkladu mohla být kódována jako WKT (geosparql:wktLiteral [GeoSPARQL]) či [GML] (geosparql:asGML [GeoSPARQL]). Rækkevidden for denne egenskab er bevidst generisk definere med det formål at tillade forskellige geokodninger. Geometrien kan eksempelvis repræsenteres som WKT (geosparql:asWKT [GeoSPARQL]) eller [GML] (geosparql:asGML [GeoSPARQL]). The range of this property is intentionally generic, with the purpose of allowing different geometry encodings. E.g., the geometry could be encoded with as WKT (geosparql:wktLiteral [GeoSPARQL]) or [GML] (geosparql:asGML [GeoSPARQL]). data di fine datum konce end date fecha final slutdato sluttidspunkt New property added in DCAT 2.0. Nová vlastnost přidaná ve verzi DCAT 2.0. Nueva propiedad agregada en DCAT 2.0. Nuova proprietà aggiunta in DCAT 2.0. Ny egenskab i DCAT 2.0. El fin del período. Konec doby trvání. La fine del periodo. Slutningen på perioden. The end of the period. El rango de esta propiedad es intencionalmente genérico con el propósito de permitir distintos niveles de precisión temporal para especificar el fin del período. Por ejemplo, puede expresarse como una fecha (xsd:date), una fecha y un tiempo (xsd:dateTime), o un año (xsd:gYear). La range di questa proprietà è volutamente generico, con lo scopo di consentire diversi livelli di precisione temporale per specificare la fine di un periodo. Ad esempio, può essere espresso con una data (xsd:date), una data e un'ora (xsd:dateTime), o un anno (xsd:gYear). Obor hodnot této vlastnosti je úmyslně obecný, aby umožnil různé úrovně časového rozlišení pro specifikaci konce doby trvání. Ten může být kupříkladu vyjádřen datumem (xsd:date), datumem a časem (xsd:dateTime) či rokem (xsd:gYear). Rækkeviden for denne egenskab er bevidst generisk defineret med det formål at tillade forskellige niveauer af tidslig præcision ifm. angivelse af slutdatoen for en periode. Den kan eksempelvis udtrykkes som en dato (xsd:date), en dato og et tidspunkt (xsd:dateTime), eller et årstal (xsd:gYear). The range of this property is intentionally generic, with the purpose of allowing different level of temporal precision for specifying the end of a period. E.g., it can be expressed with a date (xsd:date), a date and time (xsd:dateTime), or a year (xsd:gYear). A keyword or tag describing a resource. Et nøgleord eller tag til beskrivelse af en ressource. Klíčové slovo nebo značka popisující zdroj. Un mot-clé ou étiquette décrivant une ressource. Una palabra clave o etiqueta que describe un recurso. Una parola chiave o un'etichetta per descrivere la risorsa. Μία λέξη-κλειδί ή μία ετικέτα που περιγράφει το σύνολο δεδομένων. كلمة مفتاحيه توصف قائمة البيانات データセットを記述しているキーワードまたはタグ。 keyword klíčové slovo mot-clés nøgleord palabra clave parola chiave λέξη-κλειδί كلمة مفتاحية キーワード/タグ A keyword or tag describing a resource. Et nøgleord eller tag til beskrivelse af en ressource. Klíčové slovo nebo značka popisující zdroj. Un mot-clé ou étiquette décrivant une ressource. Una palabra clave o etiqueta que describe un recurso. Una parola chiave o un'etichetta per descrivere la risorsa. Μία λέξη-κλειδί ή μία ετικέτα που περιγράφει το σύνολο δεδομένων. كلمة مفتاحيه توصف قائمة البيانات データセットを記述しているキーワードまたはタグ。 mindste geografiske afstand som kan erkendes i et datasæt, målt i meter. minimum spatial separation resolvable in a dataset, measured in meters. minimum spatial separation resolvable in a dataset, measured in metres. minimální prostorový rozestup rozeznatelný v datové sadě, měřeno v metrech. mínima separacíon espacial disponible en un conjunto de datos, medida en metros. separazione spaziale minima risolvibile in un set di dati, misurata in metri. geografisk opløsning (meter) prostorové rozlišení (metry) resolución espacial (metros) risoluzione spaziale (metros) spatial resolution (meters) spatial resolution (metres) New property added in DCAT 2.0. Nová vlastnost přidaná ve verzi DCAT 2.0. Nueva propiedad añadida en DCAT 2.0. Nuova proprietà aggiunta in DCAT 2.0. Ny genskab tilføjet i DCAT 2.0. mindste geografiske afstand som kan resolveres i et datasæt, målt i meter. minimum spatial separation resolvable in a dataset, measured in meters. minimum spatial separation resolvable in a dataset, measured in metres. minimální prostorový rozestup rozeznatelný v datové sadě, měřeno v metrech. mínima separacíon espacial disponible en un conjunto de datos, medida en metros. separazione spaziale minima risolvibile in un set di dati, misurata in metri. Kan optræde i forbindelse med beskrivelse af datasættet eller datasætditributionen, så der er ikke angivet et domæne for egenskaben. Might appear in the description of a Dataset or a Distribution, so no domain is specified. Může se vyskytnout v popisu Datové sady nebo Distribuce, takže nebyl specifikován definiční obor. Alternative geografiske opløsninger kan leveres som forskellige datasætdistributioner. Alternative spatial resolutions might be provided as different dataset distributions. Distintas distribuciones de un conjunto de datos pueden tener resoluciones espaciales diferentes. Hvis datasættet udgøres af et billede eller et grid, så bør dette svare til afstanden mellem elementerne. For andre typer af spatiale datasæt, vil denne egenskab typisk indikere den mindste afstand mellem elementerne i datasættet. If the dataset is an image or grid this should correspond to the spacing of items. For other kinds of spatial dataset, this property will usually indicate the smallest distance between items in the dataset. Pokud je datová sada obraz či mřížka, měla by tato vlastnost odpovídat rozestupu položek. Pro ostatní druhy prostorových datových sad bude tato vlastnost obvykle indikovat nejmenší vzdálenost mezi položkami této datové sady. Risoluzioni spaziali alternative possono essere fornite come diverse distribuzioni di set di dati. Různá prostorová rozlišení mohou být poskytována jako různé distribuce datové sady. Se il set di dati è un'immagine o una griglia, questo dovrebbe corrispondere alla spaziatura degli elementi. Per altri tipi di set di dati spaziali, questa proprietà di solito indica la distanza minima tra gli elementi nel set di dati. Si el conjunto de datos es una imágen o grilla, esta propiedad corresponde al espaciado de los elementos. Para otro tipo de conjunto de datos espaciales, esta propieda usualmente indica la menor distancia entre los elementos de dichos datos. data di inizio datum začátku start date startdato starttidspunkt New property added in DCAT 2.0. Nová vlastnost přidaná ve verzi DCAT 2.0. Nueva propiedad agregada en DCAT 2.0. Nuova proprietà aggiunta in DCAT 2.0. Ny egenskab tilføjet i DCAT 2.0. El comienzo del período L'inizio del periodo Start på perioden. The start of the period Začátek doby trvání El rango de esta propiedad es intencionalmente genérico con el propósito de permitir distintos niveles de precisión temporal para especificar el comienzo de un período. Por ejemplo, puede expresarse como una fecha (xsd:date), una fecha y un tiempo (xsd:dateTime), o un año (xsd:gYear). Il range di questa proprietà è volutamente generico, con lo scopo di consentire diversi livelli di precisione temporale per specificare l'inizio di un periodo. Ad esempio, può essere espresso con una data (xsd:date), una data e un'ora (xsd:dateTime), o un anno (xsd:gYear). Obor hodnot této vlastnosti je úmyslně obecný, aby umožnil různé úrovně časového rozlišení pro specifikaci začátku doby trvání. Ten může být kupříkladu vyjádřen datumem (xsd:date), datumem a časem (xsd:dateTime) či rokem (xsd:gYear). Rækkeviden for denne egenskab er bevidst generisk defineret med det formål at tillade forskellige niveauer af tidslig præcision ifm. angivelse af startdatoen for en periode. Den kan eksempelvis udtrykkes som en dato (xsd:date), en dato og et tidspunkt (xsd:dateTime), eller et årstal (xsd:gYear). The range of this property is intentionally generic, with the purpose of allowing different level of temporal precision for specifying the start of a period. E.g., it can be expressed with a date (xsd:date), a date and time (xsd:dateTime), or a year (xsd:gYear). mindste tidsperiode der kan resolveres i datasættet. minimum time period resolvable in a dataset. minimální doba trvání rozlišitelná v datové sadě. periodo di tempo minimo risolvibile in un set di dati. período de tiempo mínimo en el conjunto de datos. resolución temporal risoluzione temporale temporal resolution tidslig opløsning časové rozlišení New property added in DCAT 2.0. Nová vlastnost přidaná ve verzi DCAT 2.0. Nueva propiedad añadida en DCAT 2.0. Nuova proprietà aggiunta in DCAT 2.0. mindste tidsperiode der kan resolveres i datasættet. minimum time period resolvable in a dataset. minimální doba trvání rozlišitelná v datové sadě. periodo di tempo minimo risolvibile in un set di dati. período de tiempo mínimo en el conjunto de datos. Kan optræde i forbindelse med beskrivelse af datasættet eller datasætditributionen, så der er ikke angivet et domæne for egenskaben. Might appear in the description of a Dataset or a Distribution, so no domain is specified. Může se vyskytnout v popisu Datové sady nebo Distribuce, takže nebyl specifikován definiční obor. Alternative temporal resolutions might be provided as different dataset distributions. Alternative tidslige opløsninger kan leveres som forskellige datasætdistributioner. Distintas distribuciones del conjunto de datos pueden tener resoluciones temporales diferentes. Hvis datasættet er en tidsserie, så bør denne egenskab svare til afstanden mellem elementerne i tidsserien. For andre typer af datasæt indikerer denne egenskab den mindste tidsforskel mellem elementer i datasættet. If the dataset is a time-series this should correspond to the spacing of items in the series. For other kinds of dataset, this property will usually indicate the smallest time difference between items in the dataset. Pokud je datová sada časovou řadou, měla by tato vlastnost odpovídat rozestupu položek v řadě. Pro ostatní druhy datových sad bude tato vlastnost obvykle indikovat nejmenší časovou vzdálenost mezi položkami této datové sady. Risoluzioni temporali alternative potrebbero essere fornite come diverse distribuzioni di set di dati. Různá časová rozlišení mohou být poskytována jako různé distribuce datové sady. Se il set di dati è una serie temporale, questo dovrebbe corrispondere alla spaziatura degli elementi della serie. Per altri tipi di set di dati, questa proprietà di solito indica la più piccola differenza di tempo tra gli elementi nel set di dati. Si el conjunto de datos es una serie temporal, debe corresponder al espaciado de los elementos de la serie. Para otro tipo de conjuntos de datos, esta propiedad indicará usualmente la menor diferencia de tiempo entre elementos en el dataset. A planned process that has specified output a software product and that involves the creation of source code. Mathias Brochhausen William R. Hogan http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_development A planned process resulting in a software product involving the creation of source code. software development creating a data set A planned process that has a data set as its specified output. William R. Hogan data set creation dataset creation dataset creating entity Entity Julius Caesar Verdi’s Requiem the Second World War your body mass index BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81 Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) entity Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf per discussion with Barry Smith An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) continuant Continuant continuant An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240 Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] BFO:0000002 continuant continuant Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] occurrent Occurrent An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players. Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] occurrent occurrent Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. per discussion with Barry Smith Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] ic IndependentContinuant a chair a chair a heart a heart a leg a leg a molecule a molecule a spatial region a spatial region an atom an atom an orchestra. an orchestra. an organism an organism the bottom right portion of a human torso the bottom right portion of a human torso the interior of your mouth the interior of your mouth A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2019-08-26/bfo.owl For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] BFO:0000004 A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. independent continuant independent continuant b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] spatial region process Process a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart a process of meiosis a process of sleeping the course of a disease the flight of a bird the life of an organism your process of aging. An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] source BFO:0000015 An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. process process p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] disposition Disposition an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways. the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type. b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] disposition b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] realizable RealizableEntity the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity. the disposition of your blood to coagulate the function of your reproductive organs the role of being a doctor the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] realizable realizable entity To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] quality Quality quality the ambient temperature of this portion of air the color of a tomato the length of the circumference of your waist the mass of this piece of gold. the shape of your nose the shape of your nostril a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] BFO:0000019 quality quality a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] sdc SpecificallyDependentContinuant specifically dependent continuant Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates. the disposition of this fish to decay the function of this heart: to pump blood the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79 the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center the role of being a doctor the shape of this hole. the smell of this portion of mozzarella A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004] (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004] (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] BFO:0000020 A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. characteristic specifically dependent continuant specifically dependent continuant https://github.com/OBOFoundry/COB/issues/65 https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/pull/284 b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. per discussion with Barry Smith (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004] (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004] (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] role Role John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. the priest role the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories the role of a building in serving as a military target the role of a stone in marking a property boundary the role of subject in a clinical trial the student role A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives. b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] role b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] fiat object fiat object part object-aggregate ObjectAggregate a collection of cells in a blood biobank. a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds a symphony orchestra an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team) defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint the aggregate of blood cells in your body the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere the restaurants in Palo Alto your collection of Meissen ceramic plates. An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee). ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] object aggregate An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] object gdc GenericallyDependentContinuant The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity. the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule. A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] BFO:0000031 generically dependent continuant generically dependent continuant b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] function Function the function of a hammer to drive in nails the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc. A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] function A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] material MaterialEntity material entity material entity Collection of random bacteria, a chair, dorsal surface of the body. a flame a forest fire a human being a hurricane a photon a puff of smoke a sea wave a tornado an aggregate of human beings. an energy wave an epidemic the undetached arm of a human being An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. Note: Material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] subsumes object [snap:Object], fiat object part [snap:FiatObjectPart], and object aggregate [snap:ObjectAggregate], which assume a three level theory of granularity, which is inadequate for some domains, such as biology. An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60 BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity. BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here. BFO A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] BFO:0000040 material entity material entity A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] immaterial entity history History A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001]) history A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001]) Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000548579903(13) u, or 0.51099906(15) MeV. -1 0.000548579903 0.0 KEGG:C05359 PMID:21614077 Wikipedia:Electron electron chebi_ontology Elektron beta beta(-) beta-particle e e(-) e- negatron CHEBI:10545 electron PMID:21614077 Europe PMC electron ChEBI electron IUPAC electron KEGG_COMPOUND Elektron ChEBI beta IUPAC beta(-) ChEBI beta-particle IUPAC e IUPAC e(-) UniProt e- KEGG_COMPOUND negatron IUPAC Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa). Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas chebi_ontology gas molecular entities gaseous molecular entities gaseous molecular entity CHEBI:138675 gas molecular entity gas molecular entities ChEBI gaseous molecular entities ChEBI gaseous molecular entity ChEBI -1 CH2NO2 InChI=1S/CH3NO2/c2-1(3)4/h2H2,(H,3,4)/p-1 KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 60.03212 60.00910 NC([O-])=O Beilstein:3903503 CAS:302-11-4 Gmelin:239604 carbamate chebi_ontology Carbamat Karbamat carbamate ion carbamic acid, ion(1-) CHEBI:13941 carbamate Beilstein:3903503 Beilstein CAS:302-11-4 ChemIDplus Gmelin:239604 Gmelin carbamate IUPAC carbamate UniProt Carbamat ChEBI Karbamat ChEBI carbamate ion ChemIDplus carbamic acid, ion(1-) ChemIDplus electron donor A molecular entity that can accept an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group from another molecular entity. CHEBI:13699 CHEBI:2377 KEGG:C00028 KEGG:C16722 Acceptor chebi_ontology A Akzeptor Hydrogen-acceptor Oxidized donor accepteur CHEBI:15339 acceptor Acceptor KEGG_COMPOUND A KEGG_COMPOUND Akzeptor ChEBI Hydrogen-acceptor KEGG_COMPOUND Oxidized donor KEGG_COMPOUND accepteur ChEBI water The general name for the hydrogen nucleus, to be used without regard to the hydrogen nuclear mass (either for hydrogen in its natural abundance or where it is not desired to distinguish between the isotopes). +1 H InChI=1S/p+1 GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1.00794 1.008 [H+] CHEBI:10744 CHEBI:13357 CHEBI:5584 KEGG:C00080 Hydron hydrogen(1+) hydron chebi_ontology H(+) H+ CHEBI:15378 hydron Hydron KEGG_COMPOUND hydrogen(1+) IUPAC hydron IUPAC H(+) UniProt H+ KEGG_COMPOUND dioxygen Disauerstoff E 948 E-948 E948 O2 OXYGEN MOLECULE Oxygen [OO] dioxygene molecular oxygen dioxygen A peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues. C4H6N2O3R2(C2H2NOR)n CHEBI:14860 CHEBI:8314 KEGG:C00403 Polypeptide polypeptides chebi_ontology Polypeptid polipeptido CHEBI:15841 polypeptide Polypeptide KEGG_COMPOUND polypeptides IUPAC Polypeptid ChEBI polipeptido ChEBI An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms. 0 H3N InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3 QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 17.03056 17.02655 [H]N([H])[H] CHEBI:13405 CHEBI:13406 CHEBI:13407 CHEBI:13771 CHEBI:22533 CHEBI:44269 CHEBI:44284 CHEBI:44404 CHEBI:7434 Beilstein:3587154 CAS:7664-41-7 Drug_Central:4625 Gmelin:79 HMDB:HMDB0000051 KEGG:C00014 KEGG:D02916 KNApSAcK:C00007267 MetaCyc:AMMONIA MolBase:930 PDBeChem:NH3 PMID:110589 PMID:11139349 PMID:11540049 PMID:11746427 PMID:11783653 PMID:13753780 PMID:14663195 PMID:15092448 PMID:15094021 PMID:15554424 PMID:15969015 PMID:16008360 PMID:16050680 PMID:16348008 PMID:16349403 PMID:16614889 PMID:16664306 PMID:16842901 PMID:17025297 PMID:17439666 PMID:17569513 PMID:17737668 PMID:18670398 PMID:22002069 PMID:22081570 PMID:22088435 PMID:22100291 PMID:22130175 PMID:22150211 PMID:22240068 PMID:22290316 PMID:22342082 PMID:22385337 PMID:22443779 PMID:22560242 Reaxys:3587154 Wikipedia:Ammonia AMMONIA Ammonia ammonia azane chebi_ontology Ammoniak NH3 R-717 [NH3] ammoniac amoniaco spirit of hartshorn CHEBI:16134 ammonia Beilstein:3587154 Beilstein CAS:7664-41-7 ChemIDplus CAS:7664-41-7 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7664-41-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:4625 DrugCentral Gmelin:79 Gmelin PMID:110589 Europe PMC PMID:11139349 Europe PMC PMID:11540049 Europe PMC PMID:11746427 Europe PMC PMID:11783653 Europe PMC PMID:13753780 Europe PMC PMID:14663195 Europe PMC PMID:15092448 Europe PMC PMID:15094021 Europe PMC PMID:15554424 Europe PMC PMID:15969015 Europe PMC PMID:16008360 Europe PMC PMID:16050680 Europe PMC PMID:16348008 Europe PMC PMID:16349403 Europe PMC PMID:16614889 Europe PMC PMID:16664306 Europe PMC PMID:16842901 Europe PMC PMID:17025297 Europe PMC PMID:17439666 Europe PMC PMID:17569513 Europe PMC PMID:17737668 Europe PMC PMID:18670398 Europe PMC PMID:22002069 Europe PMC PMID:22081570 Europe PMC PMID:22088435 Europe PMC PMID:22100291 Europe PMC PMID:22130175 Europe PMC PMID:22150211 Europe PMC PMID:22240068 Europe PMC PMID:22290316 Europe PMC PMID:22342082 Europe PMC PMID:22385337 Europe PMC PMID:22443779 Europe PMC PMID:22560242 Europe PMC Reaxys:3587154 Reaxys AMMONIA PDBeChem Ammonia KEGG_COMPOUND ammonia IUPAC azane IUPAC Ammoniak ChemIDplus NH3 IUPAC NH3 KEGG_COMPOUND NH3 UniProt R-717 ChEBI [NH3] MolBase ammoniac ChEBI amoniaco ChEBI spirit of hartshorn ChemIDplus carbon dioxide A naturally occurring polypeptide synthesized at the ribosome. CHEBI:8526 KEGG:C00017 chebi_ontology Protein a protein polypeptide chain protein polypeptide chains CHEBI:16541 protein polypeptide chain Protein KEGG_COMPOUND a protein UniProt polypeptide chain ChEBI protein polypeptide chains ChEBI Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc. 0 (C2H2NOR)nC2H3NOR CHEBI:14753 CHEBI:25906 CHEBI:7990 KEGG:C00012 Peptide peptides chebi_ontology Peptid peptido peptidos CHEBI:16670 peptide Peptide KEGG_COMPOUND peptides IUPAC Peptid ChEBI peptido ChEBI peptidos ChEBI A molecular entity that can transfer ("donate") an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group to another molecular entity. CHEBI:14202 CHEBI:4697 KEGG:C01351 Donor chebi_ontology Donator donneur CHEBI:17891 donor Donor KEGG_COMPOUND Donator ChEBI donneur ChEBI dinitrogen An iron group element atom that has atomic number 26. iron 26Fe Eisen Fe Iron fer ferrum hierro iron iron atom An organic group formed by removing one or more hydroxy groups from an oxoacid that has the general structure RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0). Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, with carboxylic acid as the oxoacid, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids. acyl group alkanoyl chebi_ontology acyl groups alkanoyl group groupe acyle CHEBI:22221 acyl group acyl group IUPAC alkanoyl IUPAC acyl groups ChEBI alkanoyl group ChEBI groupe acyle IUPAC A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron. Anion anion chebi_ontology Anionen aniones anions CHEBI:22563 anion Anion ChEBI anion ChEBI anion IUPAC Anionen ChEBI aniones ChEBI anions IUPAC A molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron (Bronsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other molecular entity (Lewis base). KEGG:C00701 Base base chebi_ontology Base1 Base2 Basen Nucleobase bases CHEBI:22695 base Base ChEBI base ChEBI base IUPAC Base1 KEGG_COMPOUND Base2 KEGG_COMPOUND Basen ChEBI Nucleobase KEGG_COMPOUND bases ChEBI Any compound that produces a peak used to reference an NMR spectrum during data pre-processing. chebi_ontology NMR chemical shift reference compounds NMR chemical shift standard NMR chemical shift standards NMR internal standard NMR internal standards NMR reference standard NMR reference standards CHEBI:228364 NMR chemical shift reference compound NMR chemical shift reference compounds ChEBI NMR chemical shift standard ChEBI NMR chemical shift standards ChEBI NMR internal standard ChEBI NMR internal standards ChEBI NMR reference standard ChEBI NMR reference standards ChEBI The univalent carboacyl group formed by loss of -OH from the carboxy group of carbamic acid. 0 CH2NO 44.03272 44.01364 *C(N)=O PMID:24168430 carbamoyl chebi_ontology -C(O)NH2 -CONH2 aminocarbonyl carbamyl carbamyl group carboxamide CHEBI:23004 carbamoyl group PMID:24168430 Europe PMC carbamoyl IUPAC -C(O)NH2 ChEBI -CONH2 IUPAC aminocarbonyl IUPAC carbamyl ChEBI carbamyl group ChEBI carboxamide IUPAC carbon oxide 0 CO 28.01010 27.99491 O=C(*)* carbonyl carbonyl group chebi_ontology >C=O CHEBI:23019 carbonyl group carbonyl IUPAC carbonyl group ChEBI carbonyl group UniProt >C=O IUPAC chloride salt chlorine molecular entity An organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely (coenzyme) or tightly (prosthetic group). Wikipedia:Cofactor_(biochemistry) cofactor cofactors chebi_ontology CHEBI:23357 cofactor cofactor IUPAC cofactors IUPAC Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. molecular entity chebi_ontology entidad molecular entidades moleculares entite moleculaire molecular entities molekulare Entitaet CHEBI:23367 molecular entity molecular entity IUPAC entidad molecular IUPAC entidades moleculares IUPAC entite moleculaire IUPAC molecular entities IUPAC molekulare Entitaet ChEBI chebi_ontology monoatomic cations CHEBI:23906 monoatomic cation monoatomic cations ChEBI A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. enzyme inhibitor chebi_ontology enzyme inhibitors inhibidor enzimatico inhibidores enzimaticos inhibiteur enzymatique inhibiteurs enzymatiques CHEBI:23924 enzyme inhibitor enzyme inhibitor IUPAC enzyme inhibitors ChEBI inhibidor enzimatico ChEBI inhibidores enzimaticos ChEBI inhibiteur enzymatique ChEBI inhibiteurs enzymatiques ChEBI A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. chemical entity chebi_ontology CHEBI:24431 chemical entity chemical entity UniProt A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. chebi_ontology biological function CHEBI:24432 biological role biological function ChEBI A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity. group chebi_ontology Gruppe Rest groupe grupo grupos CHEBI:24433 group group IUPAC Gruppe ChEBI Rest ChEBI groupe IUPAC grupo IUPAC grupos IUPAC halogen molecular entity Nuclear particle of charge number +1, spin 1/2 and rest mass of 1.007276470(12) u. +1 [1H] InChI=1S/p+1/i/hH GPRLSGONYQIRFK-FTGQXOHASA-N 1.007 1.00728 [1H+] CAS:12408-02-5 KEGG:C00080 protium(1+) proton chebi_ontology (1)1H(+) (1)H(+) p p(+) CHEBI:24636 proton CAS:12408-02-5 ChemIDplus CAS:12408-02-5 NIST Chemistry WebBook protium(1+) IUPAC proton ChEBI proton IUPAC (1)1H(+) IUPAC (1)H(+) IUPAC p IUPAC p(+) IUPAC Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). chebi_ontology CHEBI:24651 hydroxides A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). oxoacid oxoacids chebi_ontology oxacids oxiacids oxo acid oxy-acids oxyacids CHEBI:24833 oxoacid oxoacid IUPAC oxoacids IUPAC oxacids ChEBI oxiacids ChEBI oxo acid ChEBI oxy-acids ChEBI oxyacids ChEBI chebi_ontology inorganic anions CHEBI:24834 inorganic anion inorganic anions ChEBI A molecular entity that contains no carbon. chebi_ontology anorganische Verbindungen inorganic compounds inorganic entity inorganic molecular entities inorganics CHEBI:24835 inorganic molecular entity anorganische Verbindungen ChEBI inorganic compounds ChEBI inorganic entity ChEBI inorganic molecular entities ChEBI inorganics ChEBI inorganic salt A salt is an assembly of cations and anions. salt Salz Salze ionic compound ionic compounds sal sales salts sel sels salt chebi_ontology monoatomic ions CHEBI:24867 monoatomic ion monoatomic ions ChEBI A molecular entity having a net electric charge. Ion ion chebi_ontology Ionen iones ions CHEBI:24870 ion Ion ChEBI ion ChEBI ion IUPAC Ionen ChEBI iones ChEBI ions ChEBI iron molecular entity iron compounds iron molecular entities iron molecular entity Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites. CHEBI:26619 CHEBI:35220 metabolite chebi_ontology metabolites primary metabolites secondary metabolites CHEBI:25212 metabolite metabolite IUPAC metabolites ChEBI primary metabolites ChEBI secondary metabolites ChEBI A molecule all atoms of which have the same atomic number. homoatomic molecule homoatomic molecules elemental molecule Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. molecule chebi_ontology Molekuel molecula molecules neutral molecular compounds CHEBI:25367 molecule molecule IUPAC Molekuel ChEBI molecula IUPAC molecules IUPAC neutral molecular compounds IUPAC +1 0.00000 [*+] chebi_ontology monoatomic monocations monovalent inorganic cations CHEBI:25414 monoatomic monocation monoatomic monocations ChEBI monovalent inorganic cations ChEBI 0 N 14.007 14.00307 WebElements:N nitrogen chebi_ontology 7N N Stickstoff azote nitrogen nitrogeno CHEBI:25555 nitrogen atom nitrogen IUPAC 7N IUPAC N IUPAC Stickstoff ChEBI azote IUPAC nitrogen ChEBI nitrogeno ChEBI nonmetal chebi_ontology Nichtmetall Nichtmetalle no metal no metales non-metal non-metaux nonmetal nonmetals CHEBI:25585 nonmetal atom nonmetal IUPAC Nichtmetall ChEBI Nichtmetalle ChEBI no metal ChEBI no metales ChEBI non-metal ChEBI non-metaux ChEBI nonmetal ChEBI nonmetals ChEBI Any organic ion with a net negative charge. chebi_ontology organic anions CHEBI:25696 organic anion organic anions ChEBI Any organic ion with a net positive charge. chebi_ontology organic cations CHEBI:25697 organic cation organic cations ChEBI chebi_ontology organic ions CHEBI:25699 organic ion organic ions ChEBI organic oxide An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements. oxide chebi_ontology oxides CHEBI:25741 oxide oxide ChEBI oxides ChEBI 0 O InChI=1S/O QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 15.99940 15.99491 [O] KEGG:C00007 WebElements:O oxygen chebi_ontology 8O O Sauerstoff oxigeno oxygen oxygene CHEBI:25805 oxygen atom oxygen IUPAC 8O IUPAC O IUPAC Sauerstoff ChEBI oxigeno ChEBI oxygen ChEBI oxygene ChEBI oxygen molecular entity chebi_ontology oxygen molecular entities CHEBI:25806 oxygen molecular entity oxygen molecular entity ChEBI oxygen molecular entities ChEBI sodium chloride sodium compounds sodium molecular entities sodium molecular entity sodium salt An element whose atom has an incomplete d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell. transition element Uebergangselement Uebergangsmetalle metal de transicion metal de transition metales de transicion metaux de transition transition element transition elements transition metal transition metals transition element atom A univalent carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. chebi_ontology univalent acyl group univalent carboacyl groups univalent carboxylic acyl groups CHEBI:27207 univalent carboacyl group univalent acyl group ChEBI univalent carboacyl groups ChEBI univalent carboxylic acyl groups ChEBI A neutral compound having formal unit electrical charges of opposite sign on non-adjacent atoms. Sometimes referred to as inner salts, dipolar ions (a misnomer). zwitterion zwitterions chebi_ontology compose zwitterionique compuestos zwitterionicos zwitteriones zwitterionic compounds CHEBI:27369 zwitterion zwitterion IUPAC zwitterions IUPAC compose zwitterionique IUPAC compuestos zwitterionicos IUPAC zwitteriones IUPAC zwitterionic compounds IUPAC 0 C InChI=1S/C OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12.01070 12.00000 [C] CHEBI:23009 CHEBI:3399 CAS:7440-44-0 KEGG:C06265 WebElements:C carbon chebi_ontology 6C C Carbon Kohlenstoff carbon carbone carbonium carbono CHEBI:27594 carbon atom CAS:7440-44-0 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-44-0 KEGG COMPOUND carbon IUPAC 6C IUPAC C IUPAC C KEGG_COMPOUND Carbon KEGG_COMPOUND Kohlenstoff ChEBI carbon ChEBI carbone ChEBI carbonium ChEBI carbono ChEBI A one-carbon compound that is ammonia in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a carboxy group. Although carbamic acid derivatives are common, carbamic acid itself has never been synthesised. 0 CH3NO2 InChI=1S/CH3NO2/c2-1(3)4/h2H2,(H,3,4) KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 61.04006 61.01638 NC(O)=O CHEBI:22504 CHEBI:23002 CHEBI:3386 CHEBI:44573 Beilstein:1734754 CAS:463-77-4 DrugBank:DB04261 Gmelin:130345 KEGG:C01563 PDBeChem:OUT Wikipedia:Carbamic_acid CARBAMIC ACID Carbamic acid carbamic acid chebi_ontology Aminoameisensaeure Aminoformic acid Carbamate Carbamidsaeure CHEBI:28616 carbamic acid Beilstein:1734754 Beilstein CAS:463-77-4 ChemIDplus CAS:463-77-4 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:130345 Gmelin CARBAMIC ACID PDBeChem Carbamic acid KEGG_COMPOUND carbamic acid IUPAC Aminoameisensaeure ChEBI Aminoformic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Carbamate KEGG_COMPOUND Carbamidsaeure ChEBI An onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia. +1 H4N InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3/p+1 QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 18.03850 18.03383 [H][N+]([H])([H])[H] CHEBI:22534 CHEBI:49783 CHEBI:7435 CAS:14798-03-9 Gmelin:84 KEGG:C01342 MetaCyc:AMMONIUM MolBase:929 PDBeChem:NH4 PMID:11319011 PMID:11341317 PMID:12096804 PMID:14512268 PMID:14879753 PMID:16345391 PMID:16903292 PMID:17392693 PMID:18515490 PMID:19199063 PMID:19596600 PMID:19682559 PMID:19716251 PMID:21993530 PMID:22265469 PMID:22524020 PMID:22562341 PMID:22631217 Reaxys:16093784 Wikipedia:Ammonium ammonium azanium chebi_ontology Ammonium(1+) NH4(+) NH4+ [NH4](+) ammonium cation ammonium ion CHEBI:28938 ammonium CAS:14798-03-9 ChemIDplus CAS:14798-03-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:84 Gmelin PMID:11319011 Europe PMC PMID:11341317 Europe PMC PMID:12096804 Europe PMC PMID:14512268 Europe PMC PMID:14879753 Europe PMC PMID:16345391 Europe PMC PMID:16903292 Europe PMC PMID:17392693 Europe PMC PMID:18515490 Europe PMC PMID:19199063 Europe PMC PMID:19596600 Europe PMC PMID:19682559 Europe PMC PMID:19716251 Europe PMC PMID:21993530 Europe PMC PMID:22265469 Europe PMC PMID:22524020 Europe PMC PMID:22562341 Europe PMC PMID:22631217 Europe PMC Reaxys:16093784 Reaxys ammonium ChEBI ammonium IUPAC azanium IUPAC Ammonium(1+) ChemIDplus NH4(+) IUPAC NH4(+) UniProt NH4+ KEGG_COMPOUND [NH4](+) MolBase ammonium cation ChemIDplus ammonium ion PDBeChem The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated. -1 CO2R 44.00950 43.98983 [O-]C([*])=O CHEBI:13626 CHEBI:13945 CHEBI:23026 CHEBI:58657 chebi_ontology a carboxylate carboxylic acid anions carboxylic anions CHEBI:29067 carboxylic acid anion a carboxylate UniProt carboxylic acid anions ChEBI carboxylic anions ChEBI -1 H2N InChI=1S/H2N/h1H2/q-1 HYGWNUKOUCZBND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16.02262 16.01927 [H][N-][H] amide azanide dihydridonitrate(1-) chebi_ontology NH2(-) CHEBI:29337 azanide amide IUPAC azanide IUPAC dihydridonitrate(1-) IUPAC NH2(-) IUPAC A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of two protons from ammonia. -2 HN InChI=1S/HN/h1H/q-2 DZQYTNGKSBCIOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 15.01468 15.01200 [N--][H] azanediide hydridonitrate(2-) chebi_ontology NH(2-) imide CHEBI:29340 hydridonitrate(2-) azanediide IUPAC hydridonitrate(2-) IUPAC NH(2-) IUPAC imide IUPAC Particle of zero charge, zero rest mass, spin quantum number 1, energy hnu and momentum hnu/c (h is the Planck constant, nu the frequency of radiation and c the speed of light), carrier of electromagnetic force. 0 0.0 0.0 * CHEBI:10581 CHEBI:14383 KEGG:C00205 photon chebi_ontology Lichtquant Light foton gamma hnu light quantum CHEBI:30212 photon photon IUPAC Lichtquant ChEBI Light KEGG_COMPOUND foton ChEBI gamma IUPAC hnu IUPAC hnu UniProt light quantum ChEBI Nucleus of the (4)He atom. +2 [4He] InChI=1S/He/q+2/i1+0 LBDSXVIYZYSRII-IGMARMGPSA-N 4.002 4.00151 [4He++] Gmelin:53474 alpha-particle helium-4(2+) chebi_ontology (4)He(2+) alpha CHEBI:30216 alpha-particle Gmelin:53474 Gmelin alpha-particle IUPAC alpha-particle IUPAC helium-4(2+) IUPAC (4)He(2+) IUPAC alpha IUPAC 0 He InChI=1S/He SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4.00260 4.00260 [He] CAS:7440-59-7 Drug_Central:4262 Gmelin:16294 WebElements:He helium chebi_ontology 2He He Helium helio helium CHEBI:30217 helium atom CAS:7440-59-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:4262 DrugCentral Gmelin:16294 Gmelin helium IUPAC 2He IUPAC He IUPAC Helium ChEBI helio ChEBI helium ChEBI Nuclear particle of zero charge, spin 1/2 and rest mass of 1.008664904(14) u. 0 1.008664904 neutron chebi_ontology (1)0n n CHEBI:30222 neutron neutron ChEBI neutron IUPAC (1)0n ChEBI n IUPAC +2 0.00000 [*++] CHEBI:23856 CHEBI:4665 KEGG:C00572 chebi_ontology Divalent cation divalent inorganic cations monoatomic dications CHEBI:30412 monoatomic dication Divalent cation KEGG_COMPOUND divalent inorganic cations ChEBI monoatomic dications ChEBI An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. CHEBI:22473 CHEBI:2633 KEGG:C00241 Amide amides chebi_ontology CHEBI:32988 amide Amide KEGG_COMPOUND amides IUPAC Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33232 application A particle not known to have substructure. elementary particle chebi_ontology elementary particles CHEBI:33233 fundamental particle elementary particle IUPAC elementary particles ChEBI A monoatomic entity is a molecular entity consisting of a single atom. chebi_ontology atomic entity monoatomic entities CHEBI:33238 monoatomic entity atomic entity ChEBI monoatomic entities ChEBI chebi_ontology inorganic hydrides CHEBI:33242 inorganic hydride inorganic hydrides ChEBI Any substituent group which does not contain carbon. chebi_ontology inorganic groups CHEBI:33246 inorganic group inorganic groups ChEBI Any substituent group or skeleton containing carbon. chebi_ontology organic groups CHEBI:33247 organic group organic groups ChEBI Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having one free valence at a carbon atom. organyl group organyl groups chebi_ontology groupe organyle grupo organilo grupos organilo CHEBI:33249 organyl group organyl group IUPAC organyl groups IUPAC groupe organyle IUPAC grupo organilo IUPAC grupos organilo IUPAC A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. CHEBI:22671 CHEBI:23907 atom chebi_ontology atome atomo atoms atomus element elements CHEBI:33250 atom atom IUPAC atome IUPAC atomo IUPAC atoms ChEBI atomus ChEBI element ChEBI elements ChEBI 0 H InChI=1S/H YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1.00794 1.00783 [H] chebi_ontology atomic hydrogen CHEBI:33251 monoatomic hydrogen atomic hydrogen ChEBI A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons. nucleus chebi_ontology Atomkern Kern noyau noyau atomique nuclei nucleo nucleo atomico nucleus atomi CHEBI:33252 atomic nucleus nucleus IUPAC Atomkern ChEBI Kern ChEBI noyau IUPAC noyau atomique ChEBI nuclei ChEBI nucleo IUPAC nucleo atomico ChEBI nucleus atomi ChEBI Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron. nucleon chebi_ontology Nukleon Nukleonen nucleons CHEBI:33253 nucleon nucleon IUPAC nucleon IUPAC Nukleon ChEBI Nukleonen ChEBI nucleons ChEBI A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. primary amide primary amides chebi_ontology CHEBI:33256 primary amide primary amide IUPAC primary amides IUPAC A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number. chebi_ontology homoatomic entity homoatomic molecular entities homoatomic molecular entity CHEBI:33259 elemental molecular entity homoatomic entity ChEBI homoatomic molecular entities ChEBI homoatomic molecular entity ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:33260 elemental hydrogen elemental oxygen diatomic oxygen diatomic nitrogen elemental nitrogen An anion consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic anions CHEBI:33273 polyatomic anion polyatomic anions ChEBI A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow. chebi_ontology nutrients CHEBI:33284 nutrient nutrients ChEBI A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. chebi_ontology heteroorganic entities organoelement compounds CHEBI:33285 heteroorganic entity heteroorganic entities ChEBI organoelement compounds ChEBI fuel A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal. alkali metal molecular entities alkali metal molecular entity Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. pnictogens chebi_ontology group 15 elements group V elements nitrogenoideos nitrogenoides pnictogene pnictogenes CHEBI:33300 pnictogen pnictogens IUPAC group 15 elements ChEBI group V elements ChEBI nitrogenoideos ChEBI nitrogenoides ChEBI pnictogene ChEBI pnictogenes ChEBI A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen. pnictogen molecular entity chebi_ontology pnictogen molecular entities CHEBI:33302 pnictogen molecular entity pnictogen molecular entity ChEBI pnictogen molecular entities ChEBI Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table. PMID:17084588 chalcogen chalcogens chebi_ontology Chalkogen Chalkogene anfigeno anfigenos calcogeno calcogenos chalcogene chalcogenes group 16 elements group VI elements CHEBI:33303 chalcogen chalcogenes ChEBI group 16 elements ChEBI group VI elements ChEBI PMID:17084588 Europe PMC chalcogen IUPAC chalcogens IUPAC Chalkogen ChEBI Chalkogene ChEBI anfigeno ChEBI anfigenos ChEBI calcogeno ChEBI calcogenos ChEBI chalcogene ChEBI Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. chalcogen molecular entity chebi_ontology chalcogen compounds chalcogen molecular entities CHEBI:33304 chalcogen molecular entity chalcogen molecular entity ChEBI chalcogen compounds ChEBI chalcogen molecular entities ChEBI group 14 elements chebi_ontology carbon group element carbon group elements carbonoides cristallogene cristallogenes group IV elements CHEBI:33306 carbon group element atom group 14 elements IUPAC carbon group element ChEBI carbon group elements ChEBI carbonoides ChEBI cristallogene ChEBI cristallogenes ChEBI group IV elements ChEBI noble gas noble gases chebi_ontology Edelgas Edelgase gas noble gases nobles gaz noble gaz nobles group 18 elements group VIII elements inert gases noble gas rare gases CHEBI:33309 noble gas atom noble gas IUPAC noble gases IUPAC Edelgas ChEBI Edelgase ChEBI gas noble ChEBI gases nobles ChEBI gaz noble ChEBI gaz nobles ChEBI group 18 elements IUPAC group VIII elements ChEBI inert gases ChEBI noble gas ChEBI rare gases ChEBI 0 Rn InChI=1S/Rn SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 222.00000 222.00000 [Rn] CAS:10043-92-2 Gmelin:16242 WebElements:Rn radon chebi_ontology 86Rn Rn niton radium emanation radon CHEBI:33314 radon atom CAS:10043-92-2 ChemIDplus CAS:10043-92-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16242 Gmelin radon IUPAC 86Rn IUPAC Rn IUPAC niton ChemIDplus radium emanation ChemIDplus radon ChEBI 0 He 4.003 4.00260 chebi_ontology elemental helium CHEBI:33315 monoatomic helium elemental helium ChEBI +2 He InChI=1S/He/q+2 LBDSXVIYZYSRII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4.00260 4.00151 [He++] helium(2+) chebi_ontology He(2+) CHEBI:33316 helium(2+) helium(2+) IUPAC He(2+) IUPAC An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table. main group elements chebi_ontology Hauptgruppenelement Hauptgruppenelemente main group element CHEBI:33318 main group element atom main group elements IUPAC Hauptgruppenelement ChEBI Hauptgruppenelemente ChEBI main group element ChEBI group 8 elements iron group element iron group elements iron group element atom elemental pnictogen A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a transition element. transition element molecular entities transition metal molecular entity transition element molecular entity actinoid molecular entity uranium molecular entity An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity. elemental metal elemental metals metal element metal elements metals metal atom An amino-acid anion obtained by deprotonation of any alpha-amino acid. alpha-amino-acid anion chebi_ontology alpha-amino acid anions alpha-amino-acid anions CHEBI:33558 alpha-amino-acid anion alpha-amino-acid anion ChEBI alpha-amino acid anions ChEBI alpha-amino-acid anions ChEBI chebi_ontology s-block element s-block elements CHEBI:33559 s-block element atom s-block element ChEBI s-block elements ChEBI Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table. chebi_ontology p-block element p-block elements CHEBI:33560 p-block element atom p-block element ChEBI p-block elements ChEBI d-block element d-block elements d-block element atom A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid. 0 CHO2R 45.017 44.99765 OC([*])=O CHEBI:13428 CHEBI:13627 CHEBI:23027 PMID:17147560 PMID:18433345 Wikipedia:Carboxylic_acid carboxylic acid carboxylic acids chebi_ontology Carbonsaeure Carbonsaeuren Karbonsaeure RC(=O)OH acide carboxylique acides carboxyliques acido carboxilico acidos carboxilicos CHEBI:33575 carboxylic acid PMID:17147560 Europe PMC PMID:18433345 Europe PMC carboxylic acid IUPAC carboxylic acids IUPAC Carbonsaeure ChEBI Carbonsaeuren ChEBI Karbonsaeure ChEBI RC(=O)OH IUPAC acide carboxylique IUPAC acides carboxyliques IUPAC acido carboxilico IUPAC acidos carboxilicos IUPAC A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. chebi_ontology main group compounds main group molecular entities CHEBI:33579 main group molecular entity main group compounds ChEBI main group molecular entities ChEBI carbon group molecular entity chebi_ontology carbon group molecular entities CHEBI:33582 carbon group molecular entity carbon group molecular entity ChEBI carbon group molecular entities ChEBI A main group molecular entity containing one or more atoms of any noble gas. noble gas molecular entity chebi_ontology noble gas compounds noble gas molecular entities CHEBI:33583 noble gas molecular entity noble gas molecular entity ChEBI noble gas compounds ChEBI noble gas molecular entities ChEBI chebi_ontology hydrogen compounds hydrogen molecular entities CHEBI:33608 hydrogen molecular entity hydrogen compounds ChEBI hydrogen molecular entities ChEBI An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. s-block molecular entity chebi_ontology s-block compounds s-block molecular entities CHEBI:33674 s-block molecular entity s-block molecular entity ChEBI s-block compounds ChEBI s-block molecular entities ChEBI A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. chebi_ontology p-block compounds p-block molecular entities p-block molecular entitiy CHEBI:33675 p-block molecular entity p-block compounds ChEBI p-block molecular entities ChEBI p-block molecular entitiy ChEBI A d-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a d-block element. d-block molecular entity d-block compounds d-block molecular entities d-block molecular entity f-block molecular entity helium molecular entity chebi_ontology helium compounds helium molecular entities CHEBI:33679 helium molecular entity helium molecular entity ChEBI helium compounds ChEBI helium molecular entities ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:33680 elemental helium Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33692 hydrides oxygen hydride A macromolecule formed by a living organism. biopolymer chebi_ontology Biopolymere biomacromolecules biopolymers CHEBI:33694 biomacromolecule biopolymer IUPAC Biopolymere ChEBI biomacromolecules ChEBI biopolymers ChEBI chebi_ontology genetically encoded biomacromolecules genetically encoded biopolymers information biomacromolecules information biopolymers information macromolecule information macromolecules CHEBI:33695 information biomacromolecule genetically encoded biomacromolecules ChEBI genetically encoded biopolymers ChEBI information biomacromolecules ChEBI information biopolymers ChEBI information macromolecule ChEBI information macromolecules ChEBI chebi_ontology canonical amino-acid residue canonical amino-acid residues common amino acid residues proteinogenic amino-acid residues standard amino acid residues standard amino-acid residues CHEBI:33700 proteinogenic amino-acid residue canonical amino-acid residue ChEBI canonical amino-acid residues ChEBI common amino acid residues ChEBI proteinogenic amino-acid residues ChEBI standard amino acid residues ChEBI standard amino-acid residues ChEBI A cation consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic cations CHEBI:33702 polyatomic cation polyatomic cations ChEBI amino-acid cation chebi_ontology amino acid cation amino-acid cations CHEBI:33703 amino-acid cation amino-acid cation ChEBI amino acid cation ChEBI amino-acid cations ChEBI An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position alpha to the carboxy group. 0 C2H4NO2R 74.05870 74.02420 NC([*])C(O)=O CHEBI:10208 CHEBI:13779 CHEBI:22442 CHEBI:2642 KEGG:C00045 KEGG:C05167 alpha-amino acid chebi_ontology Amino acid Amino acids alpha-amino acids alpha-amino carboxylic acids CHEBI:33704 alpha-amino acid alpha-amino acid IUPAC Amino acid KEGG_COMPOUND Amino acids KEGG_COMPOUND alpha-amino acids ChEBI alpha-amino acids JCBN alpha-amino carboxylic acids IUPAC When two or more amino acids combine to form a peptide, the elements of water are removed, and what remains of each amino acid is called an amino-acid residue. amino-acid residue chebi_ontology amino acid residue amino-acid residues CHEBI:33708 amino-acid residue amino-acid residue IUPAC amino acid residue ChEBI amino-acid residues JCBN A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups. CHEBI:13815 CHEBI:22477 Wikipedia:Amino_acid chebi_ontology Aminocarbonsaeure Aminokarbonsaeure Aminosaeure amino acids CHEBI:33709 amino acid Aminocarbonsaeure ChEBI Aminokarbonsaeure ChEBI Aminosaeure ChEBI amino acids ChEBI An amino-acid residue derived from an alpha-amino acid. 0 C2H2NOR 56.043 56.01364 *-NC([*])C(-*)=O chebi_ontology alpha-amino-acid residues an alpha-amino acid residue CHEBI:33710 alpha-amino-acid residue alpha-amino-acid residues ChEBI an alpha-amino acid residue UniProt alpha-amino-acid cation chebi_ontology alpha-amino acid cations alpha-amino-acid cations CHEBI:33719 alpha-amino-acid cation alpha-amino-acid cation ChEBI alpha-amino acid cations ChEBI alpha-amino-acid cations ChEBI iron group molecular entity iron group molecular entities iron group molecular entity copper group molecular entity nickel group molecular entity platinum molecular entity A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. Wikipedia:Macromolecule macromolecule chebi_ontology macromolecules polymer polymer molecule polymers CHEBI:33839 macromolecule macromolecule IUPAC macromolecules ChEBI polymer ChEBI polymer molecule IUPAC polymers ChEBI A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances. reagent chebi_ontology reactif reactivo reagents CHEBI:33893 reagent reagent IUPAC reactif IUPAC reactivo IUPAC reagents ChEBI Any nutrient required in large quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Macronutrients are usually chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur) that humans consume in the largest quantities. Calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium are sometimes included as macronutrients because they are required in relatively large quantities compared with other vitamins and minerals. chebi_ontology macronutrients CHEBI:33937 macronutrient macronutrients ChEBI halide salt gold molecular entity chebi_ontology nitrogen hydrides CHEBI:35106 nitrogen hydride nitrogen hydrides ChEBI Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. chebi_ontology azanes CHEBI:35107 azane azanes ChEBI A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction. inhibitor chebi_ontology inhibidor inhibiteur inhibitors CHEBI:35222 inhibitor inhibitor IUPAC inhibidor ChEBI inhibiteur ChEBI inhibitors ChEBI fossil fuel The zwitterionic form of an amino acid having a negatively charged carboxyl group and a positively charged amino group. amino acid zwitterion chebi_ontology CHEBI:35238 amino acid zwitterion amino acid zwitterion ChEBI Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. organonitrogen compounds chebi_ontology organonitrogens CHEBI:35352 organonitrogen compound organonitrogen compounds IUPAC organonitrogens ChEBI An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen. CHEBI:33274 CHEBI:33436 oxoanion chebi_ontology oxoacid anions oxoanions CHEBI:35406 oxoanion oxoanion ChEBI oxoacid anions ChEBI oxoanions ChEBI alkali metal salt chebi_ontology carbon oxoacids oxoacids of carbon CHEBI:35605 carbon oxoacid carbon oxoacids ChEBI oxoacids of carbon ChEBI pnictogen hydride chebi_ontology pnictogen hydrides CHEBI:35881 pnictogen hydride pnictogen hydride ChEBI pnictogen hydrides ChEBI A biological macromolecule minimally consisting of one polypeptide chain synthesized at the ribosome. CHEBI:13677 CHEBI:14911 proteins chebi_ontology CHEBI:36080 protein proteins IUPAC inorganic chloride Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek lambdaepsilonpitauomicronsigma (small, thin). chebi_ontology leptons CHEBI:36338 lepton leptons ChEBI Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek betaalpharhoupsilonsigma (heavy). chebi_ontology baryons CHEBI:36339 baryon baryons ChEBI Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. Fermions are named after Enrico Fermi. fermion chebi_ontology fermions CHEBI:36340 fermion fermion IUPAC fermions ChEBI Particle of integer spin quantum number following Bose-Einstein statistics. Bosons are named after Satyendra Nath Bose. boson chebi_ontology bosons CHEBI:36341 boson boson IUPAC bosons ChEBI A particle smaller than an atom. Wikipedia:Subatomic_particle chebi_ontology subatomic particles CHEBI:36342 subatomic particle subatomic particles ChEBI A subatomic particle known to have substructure (i.e. consisting of smaller particles). chebi_ontology composite particles CHEBI:36343 composite particle composite particles ChEBI Hadron is a subatomic particle which experiences the strong force. chebi_ontology hadrons CHEBI:36344 hadron hadrons ChEBI A hadron with zero or integer spin; a strongly interacting boson. The term is derived from the Greek muepsilonsigmaomicronsigma (medium, middle). chebi_ontology mesons CHEBI:36345 meson mesons ChEBI A nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states. nuclear particle chebi_ontology CHEBI:36347 nuclear particle nuclear particle IUPAC The collective name for zero-spin mesons pi(+), pi(-) and pi(0). pi meson pion chebi_ontology pi-meson CHEBI:36348 pi meson pi meson ChEBI pion IUPAC pi-meson ChEBI Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.113428913(17) u, or 105.658389(34) MeV. -1 0.113428913 muon chebi_ontology Mueon My-Teilchen Myon mu(-) negative muon CHEBI:36356 muon muon IUPAC Mueon ChEBI My-Teilchen ChEBI Myon ChEBI mu(-) IUPAC negative muon ChEBI Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic entities CHEBI:36357 polyatomic entity polyatomic entities ChEBI An ion consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic ions CHEBI:36358 polyatomic ion polyatomic ions ChEBI Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives. carbonyl compounds chebi_ontology CHEBI:36586 carbonyl compound carbonyl compounds IUPAC Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element. oxo compounds chebi_ontology organic oxo compounds CHEBI:36587 organic oxo compound oxo compounds IUPAC organic oxo compounds ChEBI chalcogen hydride argon molecular entity chebi_ontology inorganic ions CHEBI:36914 inorganic ion inorganic ions ChEBI chebi_ontology inorganic cations CHEBI:36915 inorganic cation inorganic cations ChEBI A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton. CHEBI:23058 CHEBI:3473 KEGG:C01373 Cation cation chebi_ontology Kation Kationen cationes cations CHEBI:36916 cation Cation KEGG_COMPOUND cation ChEBI cation IUPAC Kation ChEBI Kationen ChEBI cationes ChEBI cations ChEBI An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond. organochalcogen compound chebi_ontology organochalcogen compounds CHEBI:36962 organochalcogen compound organochalcogen compound ChEBI organochalcogen compounds ChEBI An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. PMID:17586126 organooxygen compound chebi_ontology organooxygen compounds CHEBI:36963 organooxygen compound PMID:17586126 Europe PMC organooxygen compound ChEBI organooxygen compounds ChEBI amino-acid anion chebi_ontology amino acid anions amino-acid anions CHEBI:37022 amino-acid anion amino-acid anion ChEBI amino acid anions ChEBI amino-acid anions ChEBI mononuclear parent hydrides chebi_ontology mononuclear hydride mononuclear hydrides CHEBI:37176 mononuclear parent hydride mononuclear parent hydrides IUPAC mononuclear hydride ChEBI mononuclear hydrides IUPAC An acid is a molecular entity capable of donating a hydron (Bronsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid). CHEBI:13800 CHEBI:13801 CHEBI:22209 CHEBI:2426 KEGG:C00174 Acid acid chebi_ontology Saeure Saeuren acide acido acids CHEBI:37527 acid Acid KEGG_COMPOUND acid IUPAC Saeure ChEBI Saeuren ChEBI acide IUPAC acido ChEBI acids ChEBI A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. chebi_ontology chemical compound heteroatomic molecular entities CHEBI:37577 heteroatomic molecular entity chemical compound ChEBI heteroatomic molecular entities ChEBI halide An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom. 0 CNOR3 42.01680 41.99799 [*]C(=O)N([*])[*] CHEBI:35354 CHEBI:35355 carboxamides chebi_ontology carboxamides primary carboxamide CHEBI:37622 carboxamide carboxamides IUPAC carboxamides ChEBI primary carboxamide ChEBI A carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of at least one OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. carboacyl groups carboxylic acyl group chebi_ontology carboxylic acyl groups CHEBI:37838 carboacyl group carboacyl groups IUPAC carboxylic acyl group IUPAC carboxylic acyl groups IUPAC inorganic sodium salt A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base). Bronsted acid chebi_ontology Bronsted-Saeure acide de Bronsted donneur d'hydron hydron donor CHEBI:39141 Bronsted acid Bronsted acid IUPAC Bronsted-Saeure ChEBI acide de Bronsted IUPAC donneur d'hydron IUPAC hydron donor IUPAC A molecular entity capable of accepting a hydron from a donor (Bronsted acid). Bronsted base chebi_ontology Bronsted-Base accepteur d'hydron base de Bronsted hydron acceptor CHEBI:39142 Bronsted base Bronsted base IUPAC Bronsted-Base ChEBI accepteur d'hydron IUPAC base de Bronsted IUPAC hydron acceptor IUPAC A molecular entity able to provide a pair of electrons and thus capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron-pair acceptor (Lewis acid), thereby producing a Lewis adduct. Lewis base chebi_ontology Lewis-Base base de Lewis donneur d'une paire d'electrons electron donor CHEBI:39144 Lewis base Lewis base IUPAC Lewis-Base ChEBI base de Lewis IUPAC donneur d'une paire d'electrons ChEBI electron donor ChEBI 0 HO 17.00734 17.00274 *O[H] CHEBI:24706 CHEBI:43171 PDBeChem:OH HYDROXY GROUP hydroxy hydroxy group chebi_ontology -OH hydroxyl hydroxyl group CHEBI:43176 hydroxy group HYDROXY GROUP PDBeChem hydroxy IUPAC hydroxy group UniProt -OH IUPAC hydroxyl ChEBI hydroxyl group ChEBI 0 O 15.99940 15.99491 O=* CHEBI:29353 CHEBI:44607 PDBeChem:O OXO GROUP oxo chebi_ontology =O CHEBI:46629 oxo group OXO GROUP PDBeChem oxo IUPAC =O IUPAC In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals'). mineral Minerale minerales minerals mineraux mineral 0 CHO2 45.01744 44.99765 *C(=O)O CHEBI:23025 CHEBI:41420 PDBeChem:FMT CARBOXY GROUP carboxy chebi_ontology -C(O)OH -CO2H -COOH carboxyl group CHEBI:46883 carboxy group CARBOXY GROUP PDBeChem carboxy IUPAC -C(O)OH IUPAC -CO2H ChEBI -COOH IUPAC carboxyl group ChEBI 0 H InChI=1S/H YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1.00794 1.00783 [H] CHEBI:24634 CHEBI:49636 WebElements:H hydrogen chebi_ontology 1H H Wasserstoff hidrogeno hydrogen hydrogene CHEBI:49637 hydrogen atom hydrogen IUPAC 1H IUPAC H IUPAC Wasserstoff ChEBI hidrogeno ChEBI hydrogen ChEBI hydrogene ChEBI A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. chebi_ontology organic amino compounds CHEBI:50047 organic amino compound organic amino compounds ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:50312 onium compound Mononuclear cations derived by addition of a hydron to a mononuclear parent hydride of the pnictogen, chalcogen and halogen families. onium cations chebi_ontology onium cations onium ion onium ions CHEBI:50313 onium cation onium cations IUPAC onium cations ChEBI onium ion ChEBI onium ions ChEBI Any molecular entity that contains carbon. CHEBI:25700 CHEBI:33244 chebi_ontology organic compounds organic entity organic molecular entities CHEBI:50860 organic molecular entity organic compounds ChEBI organic entity ChEBI organic molecular entities ChEBI A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. chebi_ontology CHEBI:50906 role A poison that interferes with the functions of the nervous system. CHEBI:50911 Wikipedia:Neurotoxin chebi_ontology agente neurotoxico nerve poison nerve poisons neurotoxic agent neurotoxic agents neurotoxicant neurotoxins CHEBI:50910 neurotoxin agente neurotoxico ChEBI nerve poison ChEBI nerve poisons ChEBI neurotoxic agent ChEBI neurotoxic agents ChEBI neurotoxicant ChEBI neurotoxins ChEBI A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context. chebi_ontology CHEBI:51086 chemical role CHEBI:25556 CHEBI:7594 KEGG:C06061 chebi_ontology Nitrogenous compounds nitrogen compounds nitrogen molecular entities CHEBI:51143 nitrogen molecular entity Nitrogenous compounds KEGG_COMPOUND nitrogen compounds ChEBI nitrogen molecular entities ChEBI An organic molecule that is electrically neutral carrying a positive and a negative charge in one of its major canonical descriptions. In most dipolar compounds the charges are delocalized; however the term is also applied to species where this is not the case. chebi_ontology dipolar compounds CHEBI:51151 dipolar compound dipolar compounds ChEBI Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having two free valences at carbon atom(s). chebi_ontology organodiyl groups CHEBI:51422 organodiyl group organodiyl groups ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:51446 organic divalent group chebi_ontology CHEBI:51447 organic univalent group A biological role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biochemical context. chebi_ontology CHEBI:52206 biochemical role A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process. chebi_ontology etiopathogenetic agent etiopathogenetic role CHEBI:52209 aetiopathogenetic role etiopathogenetic agent ChEBI etiopathogenetic role ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:52211 physiological role inorganic hydroxy compound An amino-acid residue protonated on nitrogen. chebi_ontology amino acid cation residue amino acid cation residues amino-acid cation residue amino-acid cation residues cationic amino acid residue cationic amino acid residues cationic amino-acid residues CHEBI:58942 cationic amino-acid residue amino acid cation residue ChEBI amino acid cation residues ChEBI amino-acid cation residue ChEBI amino-acid cation residues ChEBI cationic amino acid residue ChEBI cationic amino acid residues ChEBI cationic amino-acid residues ChEBI A reagent that forms a bond to its reaction partner (the electrophile) by donating both bonding electrons. chebi_ontology nucleophile nucleophiles nucleophilic reagents CHEBI:59740 nucleophilic reagent nucleophile ChEBI nucleophiles ChEBI nucleophilic reagents ChEBI A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types. Chemische Substanz chemical substance An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of one. chebi_ontology a monovalent cation CHEBI:60242 monovalent inorganic cation a monovalent cation UniProt Zwitterionic form of any peptide where, in general, the amino terminus is positively charged and the carboxy terminus is negatively charged. 0 C2H4NO2R(C2H2NOR)n chebi_ontology a peptide peptide zwitterions CHEBI:60466 peptide zwitterion a peptide UniProt peptide zwitterions ChEBI An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1). chebi_ontology one-carbon compounds CHEBI:64708 one-carbon compound one-carbon compounds ChEBI Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage. chebi_ontology organic acids CHEBI:64709 organic acid organic acids ChEBI A group that carries an overall positive charge. chebi_ontology cationic groups CHEBI:64766 cationic group cationic groups ChEBI A group that carries an overall negative charge. chebi_ontology anionic groups CHEBI:64767 anionic group anionic groups ChEBI A cationic group that contains carbon. chebi_ontology organic cationic groups CHEBI:64769 organic cationic group organic cationic groups ChEBI An anionic group that contains carbon. chebi_ontology organic anionic groups CHEBI:64775 organic anionic group organic anionic groups ChEBI An amino-acid residue carrying an overall negative charge. chebi_ontology amino acid anion residue amino acid anion residues amino-acid anion residue amino-acid anion residues anionic amino acid residue anionic amino acid residues anionic amino-acid residues CHEBI:64898 anionic amino-acid residue amino acid anion residue ChEBI amino acid anion residues ChEBI amino-acid anion residue ChEBI amino-acid anion residues ChEBI anionic amino acid residue ChEBI anionic amino acid residues ChEBI anionic amino-acid residues ChEBI Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism. Wikipedia:Poison chebi_ontology poisonous agent poisonous agents poisonous substance poisonous substances poisons toxic agent toxic agents toxic substance toxic substances CHEBI:64909 poison poisonous agent ChEBI poisonous agents ChEBI poisonous substance ChEBI poisonous substances ChEBI poisons ChEBI toxic agent ChEBI toxic agents ChEBI toxic substance ChEBI toxic substances ChEBI Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. chebi_ontology organic compound organic compounds organic molecules CHEBI:72695 organic molecule organic compound ChEBI organic compounds ChEBI organic molecules ChEBI Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in eukaryotes, the taxon that include members of the fungi, plantae and animalia kingdoms. chebi_ontology eukaryotic metabolites CHEBI:75763 eukaryotic metabolite eukaryotic metabolites ChEBI Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in animals that include diverse creatures from sponges, insects to mammals. CHEBI:77721 CHEBI:77743 chebi_ontology animal metabolites CHEBI:75767 animal metabolite animal metabolites ChEBI Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in mammals. CHEBI:77464 CHEBI:77744 chebi_ontology mammalian metabolites CHEBI:75768 mammalian metabolite mammalian metabolites ChEBI Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus). chebi_ontology Mus musculus metabolite Mus musculus metabolites mouse metabolites CHEBI:75771 mouse metabolite Mus musculus metabolite ChEBI Mus musculus metabolites ChEBI mouse metabolites ChEBI Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). CHEBI:76949 CHEBI:76951 chebi_ontology S. cerevisiae metabolite S. cerevisiae metabolites S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites baker's yeast metabolite baker's yeast metabolites baker's yeast secondary metabolite baker's yeast secondary metabolites CHEBI:75772 Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite S. cerevisiae metabolite ChEBI S. cerevisiae metabolites ChEBI S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite ChEBI S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites ChEBI Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites ChEBI Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites ChEBI baker's yeast metabolite ChEBI baker's yeast metabolites ChEBI baker's yeast secondary metabolite ChEBI baker's yeast secondary metabolites ChEBI Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in prokaryotes, the taxon that include members of domains such as the bacteria and archaea. chebi_ontology prokaryotic metabolites CHEBI:75787 prokaryotic metabolite prokaryotic metabolites ChEBI envoPolar greenhouse gas Any enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase (EC 3.*.*.*). Wikipedia:Hydrolase chebi_ontology EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors EC 3.* inhibitor EC 3.* inhibitors EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors hydrolase inhibitor hydrolase inhibitors CHEBI:76759 EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitor EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.* inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors ChEBI hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor ChEBI hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors ChEBI hydrolase inhibitor ChEBI hydrolase inhibitors ChEBI Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds (EC 3.5.*.*). chebi_ontology EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors EC 3.5.* inhibitor EC 3.5.* inhibitors CHEBI:76764 EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.* inhibitors ChEBI An EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*). chebi_ontology EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors CHEBI:76807 EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors ChEBI non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor ChEBI non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors ChEBI Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds. CHEBI:75765 CHEBI:76947 chebi_ontology fungal metabolites CHEBI:76946 fungal metabolite fungal metabolites ChEBI Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria. CHEBI:75760 CHEBI:76970 chebi_ontology CHEBI:76969 bacterial metabolite Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli. chebi_ontology E.coli metabolite E.coli metabolites Escherichia coli metabolites CHEBI:76971 Escherichia coli metabolite E.coli metabolite ChEBI E.coli metabolites ChEBI Escherichia coli metabolites ChEBI Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens). CHEBI:75770 CHEBI:77123 chebi_ontology H. sapiens metabolite H. sapiens metabolites Homo sapiens metabolite Homo sapiens metabolites CHEBI:77746 human metabolite H. sapiens metabolite ChEBI H. sapiens metabolites ChEBI Homo sapiens metabolite ChEBI Homo sapiens metabolites ChEBI An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of amidase (EC 3.5.1.4). Wikipedia:Amidase chebi_ontology EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors acylamidase inhibitor acylamidase inhibitors acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors amidase inhibitor amidase inhibitors amidohydrolase inhibitor amidohydrolase inhibitors deaminase inhibitor deaminase inhibitors fatty acylamidase inhibitor fatty acylamidase inhibitors CHEBI:77941 EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors ChEBI N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI acylamidase inhibitor ChEBI acylamidase inhibitors ChEBI acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor ChEBI amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors ChEBI amidase inhibitor ChEBI amidase inhibitors ChEBI amidohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI amidohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI deaminase inhibitor ChEBI deaminase inhibitors ChEBI fatty acylamidase inhibitor ChEBI fatty acylamidase inhibitors ChEBI A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. chebi_ontology dietary component dietary components food components CHEBI:78295 food component dietary component ChEBI dietary components ChEBI food components ChEBI environmental contaminant A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure. Wikipedia:Refrigerant chebi_ontology refrigerants CHEBI:78433 refrigerant refrigerants ChEBI An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of any alpha-amino acid; major species at pH 7.3. 0 C2H4NO2R 74.059 74.02420 [NH3+]C([*])C([O-])=O CHEBI:83409 MetaCyc:Alpha-Amino-Acids chebi_ontology an alpha-amino acid CHEBI:78608 alpha-amino acid zwitterion MetaCyc:Alpha-Amino-Acids SUBMITTER an alpha-amino acid UniProt Any inorganic anion with a valency of two. chebi_ontology divalent inorganic anions CHEBI:79388 divalent inorganic anion divalent inorganic anions ChEBI Any inorganic anion with a valency of one. chebi_ontology monovalent inorganic anions CHEBI:79389 monovalent inorganic anion monovalent inorganic anions ChEBI An independent material continuant that is self-connected and retains its identity over time. CHMO:0000993 portion of material An independent material continuant that is self-connected and retains its identity over time. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5985-7429 A piece of apparatus that is used to measure a physical quantity. CHMO:0002793 sensor A piece of apparatus that is used to measure a physical quantity. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5985-7429 Measurement of the dose of a substance taken up by an object. CHMO:0002796 dosimetry Measurement of the dose of a substance taken up by an object. https://doi.org/10.1039/9781847559753-00013 A sensor that is used to measure the dose of a substance taken by up an object. CHMO:0002797 dosimeter A sensor that is used to measure the dose of a substance taken by up an object. https://doi.org/10.1039/9781847559753-00013 An astrononmical body part which delimited by physical discontinuities with its surroundings. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_feature macroscopic spatial feature envoPolar This class is being depopulated and will be filled only with inferred subclasses. Please do not use this for direct annotation, favouring instead a more descriptive subclass. geographic feature An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature. FTT:78 TGN:50001 man-made feature manmade feature anthropogenic geographic feature An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Mine tailings are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of an ore. tailing FTT:625 FTT:631 mine tailing Mine tailings are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of an ore. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailings tailing ADL:FTT A construction which enables the movement of humans, their animals or their vehicles. FTT:83 transport feature A construction which enables the movement of humans, their animals or their vehicles. MA:ma A geographical feature associated with water. FTT:131 FTT:280 FTT:711 FTT:761 FTT:824 FTT:825 FTT:826 FTT:827 FTT:828 FTT:829 Geonames:H.OVF fluvial feature envoPolar hydrographic feature A geographical feature associated with water. MA:ma fluvial feature ADL:FTT A marine water body which is constitutes the majority of an astronomical body's hydrosphere. EcoLexicon:ocean FTT:1019 FTT:943 Geonames:H.OCN LTER:695 SWEETRealm:Ocean TGN:21102 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean ocean region envoMarine envoPolar ocean LTER:695 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=695&/oceans ocean region ADL:FTT A large expanse of saline water usually connected with an ocean. EcoLexicon:sea FTT:233 FTT:830 Geonames:H.SEA TGN:21103 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea channel closed sea marginal sea open sea open sound open water envoMarine envoPolar sea A large expanse of saline water usually connected with an ocean. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea closed sea USGS:SDTS marginal sea USGS:SDTS open sea USGS:SDTS open sound USGS:SDTS open water USGS:SDTS A geographical feature associated with water with a halinity above 30 ppt (roughly 35 g/L). ENVO ENVO:00000017 saline hydrographic feature A geographical feature associated with water with a halinity above 30 ppt (roughly 35 g/L). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinity A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts. FTT:221 FTT:907 Geonames:H.LKN Geonames:H.LKSN TGN:21116 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_lake salt lake salina soda lake saline lake A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts. MA:ma salt lake USGS:SDTS salina USGS:SDTS A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained in a depression on a landmass. EcoLexicon:lake FTT:221 FTT:704 FTT:909 Geonames:H.LK Geonames:H.LKS LTER:278 SPIRE:Lake_or_pond SWEETRealm:Lake TGN:21114 TGN:21115 catch basin open water tarn broad llyn loch lochan lough mere mortlake pasteuer lake envoPolar lake A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained in a depression on a landmass. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake LTER:278 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=278&/lakes catch basin USGS:SDTS open water USGS:SDTS tarn ADL:FTT lochan ADL:FTT mortlake USGS:SDTS pasteuer lake USGS:SDTS A quarry from which sand is extracted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_pit ENVO sand pit ENVO:00000028 sand pit quarry A quarry from which sand is extracted. MA:ma An vegetated area which overlaps a wetland ecosystem. WetlandRegion wetland area An vegetated area which overlaps a wetland ecosystem. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland WetlandRegion NASA:earthrealm An accumulation of water of varying size. hydrographic feature EcoLexicon:waterbody FTT:131 FTT:280 FTT:827 SWEETRealm:BodyOfWater TGN:21100 TGN:21101 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_body aquatic feature bodies of water body of water waterbody The term body of water most often refers to large accumulations of water, such as oceans, seas, and lakes, but it includes smaller pools of water such as ponds, wetlands, or more rarely, puddles. A body of water does not have to be still or contained; Rivers, streams, canals, and other geographical features where water moves from one place to another are also considered bodies of water. water body An accumulation of water of varying size. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_of_water hydrographic feature ADL:FTT bodies of water Getty:TGN body of water ADL:FTT body of water Getty:TGN A construction that has been assembled by deliberate human effort. "constructed" should probably be made something like a quality and this class obsoleted or filled only by inference constructed feature human construction A construction that has been assembled by deliberate human effort. MA:ma A permanent walled and roofed construction. FTT:42 Geonames:S.BLDG LTER:76 TGN:51011 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building building A permanent walled and roofed construction. USGS:SDTS An excavation in the Earth for the purpose of extracting earth materials. EcoLexicon:mine FTT:14 FTT:968 Geonames:L.MNA Geonames:S.MN TGN:54211 TGN:54212 mine An excavation in the Earth for the purpose of extracting earth materials. USGS:SDTS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mine FTT:1246 FTT:1247 FTT:44 FTT:45 FTT:46 FTT:48 FTT:50 FTT:51 FTT:52 FTT:57 FTT:60 FTT:62 FTT:63 FTT:64 FTT:72 FTT:74 Geonames:L.AGRC Geonames:L.RESA Geonames:S.NSY TGN:55001 barn cattle dipping tank corral dairy feedlot grange grazing allotment irrigated field nursery pastoral site sheepfold stockyard AgriculturalLands agricultural colony agricultural facility agricultural land agricultural reserve agricultural site As with other classes that are "features", the subclasses of this class are being moved to more informative locations. Their relation to agriculture will be modelled by something more akin to a quality or relation to an agricultural process. agricultural ecosystem barn ADL:FTT cattle dipping tank ADL:FTT corral ADL:FTT dairy ADL:FTT feedlot ADL:FTT grange ADL:FTT grazing allotment ADL:FTT irrigated field ADL:FTT nursery ADL:FTT nursery Geonames:feature pastoral site ADL:FTT sheepfold ADL:FTT stockyard ADL:FTT AgriculturalLands NASA:earthrealm agricultural colony Geonames:feature agricultural facility ADL:FTT agricultural land Getty:TGN agricultural reserve ADL:FTT agricultural reserve Geonames:feature agricultural site ADL:FTT A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall. EcoLexicon:desert FTT:1 FTT:188 Geonames:T.DSRT LTER:147 SWEETRealm:Desert TGN:21201 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert arid region envoPolar desert area A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall. USGS:SDTS arid region ADL:FTT A depression which has been formed as a result of erosion by water or ice and which is low-lying, bordered by higher ground, and especially elongate. EcoLexicon:valley FTT:158 FTT:166 FTT:418 FTT:761 FTT:811 FTT:949 Geonames:T.GRGE Geonames:T.VAL Geonames:T.VALS SWEETRealm:Valley TGN:21425 TGN:21451 TGN:21452 TGN:21453 chasm coulee dale glacial gorge glacial trough gulch gully median valley shelf valley glen goe gorge graben hollow lavaka moat ravine re-entrant seachannel strath trench vale water gap Valleys are typically located between hills our mountains. valley A depression which has been formed as a result of erosion by water or ice and which is low-lying, bordered by higher ground, and especially elongate. ADL:FTT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley chasm USGS:SDTS coulee USGS:SDTS dale USGS:SDTS glacial gorge USGS:SDTS glacial trough USGS:SDTS gulch USGS:SDTS gully Getty:TGN gully USGS:SDTS median valley ADL:FTT median valley Geonames:feature shelf valley Geonames:feature glen ADL:FTT glen USGS:SDTS goe USGS:SDTS gorge Geonames:feature gorge USGS:SDTS graben USGS:SDTS hollow ADL:FTT hollow Getty:TGN hollow USGS:SDTS moat USGS:SDTS ravine USGS:SDTS re-entrant USGS:SDTS seachannel USGS:SDTS strath USGS:SDTS trench USGS:SDTS water gap USGS:SDTS An area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation. grazing area herbaceous area grassland area An area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassland grazing area Getty:TGN herbaceous area USGS:SDTS Land having a cover of trees, shrubs, or both. FTT:1083 FTT:505 FTT:506 FTT:719 FTT:774 Geonames:V.GRVPN LTER:503 SWEETRealm:Break SWEETRealm:Scrub TGN:21631 TGN:21632 TGN:21641 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodland brigalow pine grove caatinga chanaral coniferous forest copse deciduous forest equatorial forest equatorial rain forest garique grove jungle mallee scrub monsoon forest moor mott motte mulga mulga scrub rain forest reforested area sagebrush scrub shrub silva stand taiga thicket thorn forest wood wooded area woodland area Land having a cover of trees, shrubs, or both. USGS:SDTS brigalow USGS:SDTS pine grove Geonames:feature caatinga USGS:SDTS chanaral USGS:SDTS coniferous forest USGS:SDTS copse USGS:SDTS deciduous forest USGS:SDTS equatorial forest USGS:SDTS equatorial rain forest USGS:SDTS garique USGS:SDTS grove ADL:FTT grove USGS:SDTS jungle Getty:TGN jungle USGS:SDTS mallee scrub USGS:SDTS monsoon forest USGS:SDTS moor USGS:SDTS motte USGS:SDTS mulga USGS:SDTS mulga scrub USGS:SDTS rain forest ADL:FTT rain forest Getty:TGN reforested area USGS:SDTS sagebrush USGS:SDTS scrub USGS:SDTS shrub USGS:SDTS silva USGS:SDTS stand USGS:SDTS taiga USGS:SDTS thicket USGS:SDTS thorn forest USGS:SDTS wood Getty:TGN wooded area USGS:SDTS An area with a high density of trees. A small forest may be called a wood. EcoLexicon:forest FTT:258 FTT:506 FTT:715 FTT:717 Geonames:V.FRST LTER:2 SWEETRealm:Forest TGN:21641 TGN:21642 TGN:21645 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest forest wood The definitions of forest can vary greatly, and different classes will be needed to support the major categories. Tree cover alone is not enough to distinguish between forests and plantations. The international definition proposed by the 2010 FAO Forestry Resource Assessment: "land spanning more than 0.5 ha with trees higher than 5 metres and canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ . It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use." - FAO. 2010. Global forest resources assessment 2010, Main report, FAO Forestry Paper 163. Rome. forested area An area with a high density of trees. A small forest may be called a wood. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest forest Geonames:feature wood Getty:TGN A field which is located on land and used for agricultural purposes, such as the grazing of livestock or the cultivation of crops. agricultural site EcoLexicon:field FTT:45 FTT:61 Geonames:L.FLD SWEETRealm:Field TGN:21456 cropland grassland agricultural field A field which is located on land and used for agricultural purposes, such as the grazing of livestock or the cultivation of crops. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_%28agriculture%29 agricultural site ADL:FTT cropland USGS:SDTS grassland USGS:SDTS A valley which no longer has water flowing or accumulating over its surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_valley Typically found in either Karst (limestone) or chalk terrain. dry valley A valley which no longer has water flowing or accumulating over its surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_valley An environmental material which is 1) composed primarily of soil or rock and included ice or organic material and 2) at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years. LTER:408 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrost envoPolar Ice is not always present, as may be in the case of nonporous bedrock, but it frequently occurs and it may be in amounts exceeding the potential hydraulic saturation of the ground material. permafrost An environmental material which is 1) composed primarily of soil or rock and included ice or organic material and 2) at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrost The region occupied by any more or less continuous, directed movement of ocean water that flows in one of the Earth's oceans. Ocean Currents are rivers of hot or cold water within the ocean. The currents are generated from the forces acting upon the water like the earth's rotation, the wind, the temperature and salinity differences and the gravitation of the moon. The depth contours, the shoreline and other movements influence the direction and strength of the movements of water that forms a given current. current EcoLexicon:ocean_current FTT:597 FTT:598 Geonames:H.CRNT LTER:386 SWEETRealm:OceanCurrent TGN:21169 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current Subclasses of this class are to be populated by inference. Definition modified from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current. ocean current The region occupied by any more or less continuous, directed movement of ocean water that flows in one of the Earth's oceans. Ocean Currents are rivers of hot or cold water within the ocean. The currents are generated from the forces acting upon the water like the earth's rotation, the wind, the temperature and salinity differences and the gravitation of the moon. The depth contours, the shoreline and other movements influence the direction and strength of the movements of water that forms a given current. BS:bs current ADL:FTT current Geonames:feature current Getty:TGN A landform elevated above the surrounding area. elevation LTER:177 SWEETRealm:Elevation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevation elevated landform A landform elevated above the surrounding area. MA:ma A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material. EcoLexicon:landform EcoLexicon:landforms FTT:754 FTT:96 SWEETRealm:Landform TGN:21400 TGN:21401 geological feature landform physiographic feature solid astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landform geological feature ADL:FTT A wetland ecosystem in which land mass is permanently inundated by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry-land protrusions. wetland EcoLexicon:swamp FTT:1226 FTT:185 FTT:480 Geonames:H.SWMP SPIRE:Swamp SWEETRealm:Swamp TGN:21324 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swamp Swamp swamp cienaga swamp ecosystem A wetland ecosystem in which land mass is permanently inundated by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry-land protrusions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swamp wetland ADL:FTT wetland USGS:SDTS Swamp NASA:earthrealm swamp Geonames:feature cienaga ADL:FTT A valley that contains, or contained, a glacier and was formed by glacial activity. Typically U-shaped in cross-section. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacial_valley ENVO valley ENVO:00000248 envoPolar glacial valley A valley that contains, or contained, a glacier and was formed by glacial activity. Typically U-shaped in cross-section. MA:ma valley USGS:SDTS An open-pit mine from which rock or minerals are extracted. EcoLexicon:quarry FTT:14 FTT:974 Geonames:S.MNQR TGN:54217 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarry ENVO ENVO:00000284 quarry An open-pit mine from which rock or minerals are extracted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarry A field of ice, formed in regions of perennial frost. FTT:758 FTT:835 FTT:836 FTT:837 FTT:838 FTT:839 FTT:840 FTT:841 FTT:842 SWEETRealm:IceField TGN:21147 ice patch iceberg icefall IceSheet ice field ice sheet icecap envoPolar Ice mass may need to be resolved from ice field, the former referring simply to an accumulation of ice. ice field A field of ice, formed in regions of perennial frost. ADL:FTT ice patch ADL:FTT iceberg ADL:FTT icefall ADL:FTT IceSheet NASA:earthrealm ice field ADL:FTT ice sheet ADL:FTT icecap ADL:FTT Area covered with low-growing or stunted perennial vegetation and usually not mixed with trees. FTT:1191 FTT:262 FTT:374 FTT:473 FTT:792 FTT:991 Geonames:V.SCRB SWEETRealm:Scrub TGN:21644 TGN:21652 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrubland scrubland bush chaparal area heath scrub shrubland scrubland area Area covered with low-growing or stunted perennial vegetation and usually not mixed with trees. ADL:FTT scrubland Geonames:feature bush ADL:FTT bush Getty:TGN chaparal area ADL:FTT heath ADL:FTT scrub USGS:SDTS shrubland ADL:FTT shrubland USGS:SDTS A landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area. Clarify that this pertains to the planetary crust and create superclass for general topological depressions. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/486 depression EcoLexicon:depression FTT:175 FTT:215 FTT:216 Geonames:T.DPR Geonames:T.PAN Geonames:T.PANS SWEETRealm:Depression TGN:21454 TGN:21497 TGN:21521 barrier basin depression non tidal basin pan pan (geologic) pans tidal basin depressed landform A landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_%28geology%29 barrier basin USGS:SDTS depression Geonames:feature non tidal basin USGS:SDTS pan Geonames:feature pan Getty:TGN pan (geologic) ADL:FTT pans Geonames:feature tidal basin USGS:SDTS A mass of solid material which is composed primarily of rock. FTT:1010 FTT:145 Geonames:T.RK Geonames:T.RKS TGN:21444 piece of rock A particle which 1) is composed primarily of and derived from rock or mineral sources and 2) is or was part of a portion of sand. grain of sand granule of sand sand granule In general, sand grains are larger than those of silt, but finer than those of gravel. particle of sand A particle which 1) is composed primarily of and derived from rock or mineral sources and 2) is or was part of a portion of sand. A particle which 1) is primarily composed of quartz or feldspar and 2) is or was part of a portion of silt. grain of silt granule of silt The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. particle of silt The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. grain of desert sand A biome is an ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. EcoLexicon:biome LTER:809 major habitat type EcosytemType In this definition, there is an assumption that no major perturbations are occurring or have occurred in a time frame affects the successional dynamics of the ecosystem. A "major" perturbation is one which disrupts the community's ability to restore its (near) equilibrium. Usually, pioneer or early secondary successional processes would be in effect in such scenarios. biome A biome is an ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biome LTER:809 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=809&/biomes major habitat type WWF:Biome EcosytemType NASA:earthrealm A biome which is primarily or completely situated on a landmass. LTER:798 SPIRE:Terrestrial terrestrial realm terrestrial biome A biome which is primarily or completely situated on a landmass. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biome#Terrestrial_biomes An aquatic biome which is determined by a marine water body. SPIRE:Marine marine realm envoPolar This biome includes open-ocean and unprotected coastal ecosystems, characterized by exposure to wave action, tidal fluctuation, and ocean currents as well as systems that largely resemble these. Water in the marine biome is generally within the salinity range of seawater: 30 to 38 ppt. marine biome An aquatic biome which is determined by a marine water body. ISBN:978-0-618-45504-1 MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean A facility, permanent or temporary, on land, in air, space or water, where scientific research or measurements can be undertaken. research facility A facility, permanent or temporary, on land, in air, space or water, where scientific research or measurements can be undertaken. MA:ma The portion of the ground surface which lies below water. BOTTOM EcoLexicon:bed FTT:804 SWEETRealm:Bottom https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_bed submerged bed The portion of the ground surface which lies below water. USGS:SDTS BOTTOM USGS:SDTS A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids. EcoLexicon:rock FTT:1010 FTT:145 Geonames:T.RK Geonames:T.RKS SWEETRealm:Rock TGN:21444 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ [A mineral] is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and does not have a specific chemical composition. The exact definition of a mineral is under debate, especially with respect to the requirement a valid species be abiogenic, and to a lesser extent with regards to it having an ordered atomic structure. rock A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology) An environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, interstitial gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms. The various 'has part' and 'has quality' relations may not hold true for all soils; however, I have yet to find counter examples. Require input from a pedologist or similar. [pbuttigieg] regolith LTER:535 SPIRE:Soil SWEETRealm:Soil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil 'In engineering terms, soil is referred to as regolith, or loose rock material that lies above the 'solid geology'. Soil is commonly referred to as "earth" or "dirt"; technically, the term "dirt" should be restricted to displaced soil.' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil " The upper limit of soil is the boundary between soil and air, shallow water, live plants, or plant materials that have not begun to decompose. Areas are not considered to have soil if the surface is permanently covered by water too deep (typically more than 2.5 meters) for the growth of rooted plants. The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most difficult to define. Soil consists of horizons near the Earth's surface that, in contrast to the underlying parent material, have been altered by the interactions of climate, relief, and living organisms over time. Commonly, soil grades at its lower boundary to hard rock or to earthy materials virtually devoid of animals, roots, or other marks of biological activity. For purposes of classification, the lower boundary of soil is arbitrarily set at 200 cm." Soil taxonomy, 2nd Ed., quoted in http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/edu/?cid=nrcs142p2_054280 soil An environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, interstitial gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil A lentic water body which is composed primarily of marine water. body of marine water marine waterbody marine water body A solid astronomical body part which is part of the planetary surface between the peak of an elevation or the bottom of a depression and relatively flat surrounding land. EcoLexicon:slope SWEETRealm:Slope https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slope flank side slope A solid astronomical body part which is part of the planetary surface between the peak of an elevation or the bottom of a depression and relatively flat surrounding land. MA:ma The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth. EcoLexicon:air LTER:18 SWEETRealm:Air https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air envoPolar air The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air An environmental material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form. water EcoLexicon:water LTER:617 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water liquid water An environmental material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form. MA:ma Particulate environmental material which is formed as a result of the transport and deposition of particles by flowing liquid. EcoLexicon:sediment EcoLexicon:sedimentation LTER:492 LTER:493 SWEETRealm:Sediment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediment envoPolar Sediment is typically deposited on the bed or bottom of a body of water or other liquid. sediment Particulate environmental material which is formed as a result of the transport and deposition of particles by flowing liquid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediment Particulate environmental material with diameters less than 500 micrometers. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. EcoLexicon:dust SWEETRealm:Dust https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust envoPolar Dust occurs in and may be deposited from the atmosphere. dust Particulate environmental material with diameters less than 500 micrometers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust Water which contains a significant concentration of dissolved salts. EcoLexicon:saltwater SWEETRealm:SalineWater SWEETRealm:SaltWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_water salt water The threshold salt concentration for classifying water as saline varies, but typically begins at about 1,000 to 3,000 parts salt per million parts water or 0.1–0.3% salt by weight. saline water A rock formed by deposition of either clastic sediments, organic matter, or chemical precipitates (evaporites), followed by compaction of the particulate matter and cementation during diagenesis. EcoLexicon:sedimentary_rock SWEETRealm:SedimentaryRock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_rock ENVO ENVO:00002016 sedimentary rock A rock formed by deposition of either clastic sediments, organic matter, or chemical precipitates (evaporites), followed by compaction of the particulate matter and cementation during diagenesis. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 A biome which is determined by a water body and which has ecological climax communities adapted to life in or on water. LTER:41 aquatic biome EcoLexicon:wood LTER:637 SWEETRealm:Wood https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood ENVO ENVO:00002040 wood Sediment which has increased levels of one or more chemical compounds. chemically enriched sediment A portion of contaminated soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of some contaminant. ENVO ENVO:00002116 "contaminant" is more of a disposition - any material entity can be a contaminant in particular circumstances. contaminated soil Water which has physicochemical properties that have been determined by the processes occuring in a sea or ocean. When we have more classes representing the various processes which make seawater seawater, we can further axiomatise this class. EcoLexicon:sea_water LTER:701 SWEETRealm:SeaWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_water ocean water seawater This definition refers to water that is actually in a sea or ocean. This water may have a wide range of salinity levels. sea water ENVO ENVO:00002167 platinum mine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_mine ENVO ENVO:00002168 gold mine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mine ENVO ENVO:00002169 coal mine A hospital is a building in which health care services are provided by specialized staff and equipment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital hospital A hospital is a building in which health care services are provided by specialized staff and equipment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital EcoLexicon:water_pollution https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contaminated_water polluted water ENVO ENVO:00002186 contaminated water Chemically-enriched sediment which has increased levels of organic compounds. organically enriched sediment Chemically-enriched sediment which has increased levels of inorganic compounds. inorganically enriched sediment coal mine waste ENVO coal refuse ENVO:00002206 coal mine waste material A power plant is a building which contains one or more generators which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through the relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductor. The energy source harnessed to turn the generator varies widely. SWEETRealm:PowerPlant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_plant generating plant generating station power station powerhouse ENVO ENVO:00002214 power plant A power plant is a building which contains one or more generators which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through the relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductor. The energy source harnessed to turn the generator varies widely. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_station A geothermal power plant is a power plant which uses heat generated by the decay of radioactive isotopes in the Earth's mantle and crust as well as primordial heat left over from the formation of the Earth to drive its generators. SWEETRealm:GeothermalPowerPlant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_power_plant ENVO ENVO:00002215 geothermal power plant A geothermal power plant is a power plant which uses heat generated by the decay of radioactive isotopes in the Earth's mantle and crust as well as primordial heat left over from the formation of the Earth to drive its generators. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_internal_heat_budget https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_energy A portion of soil which is found in a forested area. forest soil A material which is not the desired output of a process and which is typically the input of a process which removes it from its producer (e.g. a disposal process). This seems more like a role than a material. Anything can be waste. Thus, a "waste" role or disposition will be created and this class can then be populated by inference: any environmental material which has [role,disposition] waste will be considered a waste material. EcoLexicon:waste SWEETRealm:Waste https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste ENVO ENVO:00002264 waste material Industrial wastes are liquid, solid and gaseous wastes originating from the manufacture of specific products. This will become a defined class, with subclasses added through inference based on material having a 'waste role' and being associated with industrial entities. industrial waste ENVO ENVO:00002267 industrial waste material Industrial wastes are liquid, solid and gaseous wastes originating from the manufacture of specific products. ISBN:978-92-1-161386-5 http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=1340 A nuclear power plant is a power plant which uses heat generated by a radioactive decay in a nuclear reactor to convert water into steam in order to drive turbines in electrical generators through pressure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant ENVO ENVO:00002271 nuclear power plant A nuclear power plant is a power plant which uses heat generated by a radioactive decay in a nuclear reactor to convert water into steam in order to drive turbines in electrical generators through pressure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant A manufactuered product which is capable of removing heat and controlling the humidity of the air within a site. A/C A/C unit air conditioner air conditioning unit A manufactuered product which is capable of removing heat and controlling the humidity of the air within a site. Particulate environmental material which 1) is composed primarily of clay particles, with only minor proportions of other materials, 2) demonstrates plasticity when wet, and 3) is capable of hardening when dried or fired. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. EcoLexicon:clay SWEETRealm:Clay This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities.The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. Similar mixtures with greater than 40% clay are often considered clay soils. clay Particulate environmental material which 1) is composed primarily of clay particles, with only minor proportions of other materials, 2) demonstrates plasticity when wet, and 3) is capable of hardening when dried or fired. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities.The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. Similar mixtures with greater than 40% clay are often considered clay soils. A house used for sheltering non-human animals. While humans are animals, this class does not refer to human houses. animal house A material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products. manufactured good manufactured product A material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufactured_product A portion of enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of some material entity. This could be demoted to an inferred class if issues with double inheritance arise. enriched soil An industrial building is a building within which goods are produced and, optionally, stored or within which services are rendered. It's possible that this will become an inferred class in the future. The United Nations' International Standard Industrial Classification should be referred to when expanding this branch. ISIC can also be used to identify processes. See http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcst.asp?Cl=27&Lg=1. industrial building An industrial building is a building within which goods are produced and, optionally, stored or within which services are rendered. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry A brewery is a building in which alcoholic beverages are produced by brewing, that is, steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains) in water and fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with yeast. At times, the products are also sold from the brewery. ENVO ENVO:00003885 brewery A brewery is a building in which alcoholic beverages are produced by brewing, that is, steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains) in water and fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with yeast. At times, the products are also sold from the brewery. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewery https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewing A building or collection of co-located buildings constructed for the purpose of undertaking scientific research. research station A building or collection of co-located buildings constructed for the purpose of undertaking scientific research. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_station A warehouse is a building which is used for the storage of goods. warehouse A warehouse is a building which is used for the storage of goods. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warehouse An air filter is a device that removes some substance from air. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_filter ENVO ENVO:00003968 This is a general definition derived from the definitions for particulate, chemical, and other air filters. Subclasses should be created if needed. air filter An air filter is a device that removes some substance from air. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_filter Soil which has little to no water content and in which minerals and other soluble chemical entities have either bonded or become adsorbed to sold particles due to insufficient water availability. dry soil A portion of soil which is part of a cropland or a rangeland biome. farm soil A portion of soil which is found in a grassland. grassland soil Soil which is part of an agricultural field. field soil Soil which is part of some elevated land. upland soil Soil which is part of some elevated land. Sand which is part of a desert. desert sand The dwelling of an animal or group of similar animals. den nest This class represents habitations of non-human animals. This distinction may be removed in future releases. animal habitation The dwelling of an animal or group of similar animals. MA:ma A bird nest is the spot in which a bird lays and incubates its eggs and raises its young. bird nest bird's nest eyrie ENVO ENVO:00005805 nest of bird A bird nest is the spot in which a bird lays and incubates its eggs and raises its young. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_nest A material entity which other material entities in an environmental system are primarily or partially composed of. portion of environmental material Everything under this parent must be a mass noun (i.e. not countable). All subclasses are to be understood as being composed primarily of the named entity, rather than restricted to that entity. For example, "ENVO:water" is to be understood as "environmental material composed primarly of some CHEBI:water". Instances of this class are portions of environmental materials, such as seawater in bucket, a water parcel in the photic zone of a lake, or the concrete that composes a building part. Instances of these portions may have fiat or non-fiat boundaries. For example, a water parcel has not physical boundaries, while the seawater in a bucket is bounded by the internal surfaces of the bucket. environmental material A material entity which other material entities in an environmental system are primarily or partially composed of. A layer of some material entity which is adjacent to one or more of its external boundaries and directly interacts with its immediate surroundings. EcoLexicon:surface http://sweetontology.net/reprSpaceGeometry/Surface https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface This class is distinct from a geometric surface, which is two-dimensional. The idea of "uppermost" may be problematic. Further, the definition of layer (the superclass of surface in rev 133) references surface. This may be another issue. Perhaps this can be made into an inferred class using 'bounding layer of' some material entity, note that 'bounding layer' implies containment, which may not be valid here. surface layer A layer of some material entity which is adjacent to one or more of its external boundaries and directly interacts with its immediate surroundings. URL:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/surface Airborne solid particles (also called dust or particulate matter (PM)) or liquid droplets. EcoLexicon:aerosol SWEETRealm:Aerosol envoAtmo Should connect to PATO as "quality of an aerosol" aerosol Airborne solid particles (also called dust or particulate matter (PM)) or liquid droplets. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol Anthropogenic material in or on which organisms may live. ENVO ENVO:0010001 anthropogenic environmental material Anthropogenic material in or on which organisms may live. MA:ma MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: An oceanographic feature that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-deplete surface water. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surface of the water column from deeper regions. This is often a result of surface water displacement off continental coasts by wind action. Localised upwellings may also occur along divergent fronts around eddies and along some of the major oceanographic features. Deeper waters often have higher nutrient content; consequently blooms of primary producers, such as planktonic algae, are generally observed around upwelling zones. ENVO:01000063 EcoLexicon:upwell EcoLexicon:upwelling SWEETRealm:Upwelling https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upwelling marine upwelling This term is specific to marine upwellings. upwelling MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: An oceanographic feature that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-deplete surface water. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surface of the water column from deeper regions. This is often a result of surface water displacement off continental coasts by wind action. Localised upwellings may also occur along divergent fronts around eddies and along some of the major oceanographic features. Deeper waters often have higher nutrient content; consequently blooms of primary producers, such as planktonic algae, are generally observed around upwelling zones. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upwelling Particulate environmental material which is primarily composed of silt particles. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. EcoLexicon:silt SWEETRealm:Silt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silt This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider this soil material that contains 80% or more silt and less than 12% clay. In the Udden-Wentworth scale (due to Krumbein), silt particles range between 0.0039 to 0.0625 mm, larger than clay but smaller than sand particles. ISO 14688 grades silts between 0.002 mm and 0.063 mm. In actuality, silt is chemically distinct from clay, and unlike clay, grains of silt are approximately the same size in all dimensions; furthermore, their size ranges overlap. Clays are formed from thin plate-shaped particles held together by electrostatic forces, so present a cohesion. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Texture Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.05 mm particle size. The USDA system has been adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and the AASHTO Soil Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.075 mm particle size (i.e., material passing the #200 sieve). Silts and clays are distinguished mechanically by their plasticity. silt Particulate environmental material which is primarily composed of silt particles. This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider this soil material that contains 80% or more silt and less than 12% clay. In the Udden-Wentworth scale (due to Krumbein), silt particles range between 0.0039 to 0.0625 mm, larger than clay but smaller than sand particles. ISO 14688 grades silts between 0.002 mm and 0.063 mm. In actuality, silt is chemically distinct from clay, and unlike clay, grains of silt are approximately the same size in all dimensions; furthermore, their size ranges overlap. Clays are formed from thin plate-shaped particles held together by electrostatic forces, so present a cohesion. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Texture Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.05 mm particle size. The USDA system has been adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and the AASHTO Soil Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.075 mm particle size (i.e., material passing the #200 sieve). Silts and clays are distinguished mechanically by their plasticity. Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of particles of sand with only minor proportions of other substances. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. EcoLexicon:sand LTER:484 SWEETRealm:Sand https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider as sands soil material that contains 85% or more sand; the percentage of silt plus 1.5 times the percentage of clay does not exceed 15. coarse sand (sable grossier) 25% or more very coarse and coarse sand, and less than 50% any other one grade of sand. sand Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of particles of sand with only minor proportions of other substances. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider as sands soil material that contains 85% or more sand; the percentage of silt plus 1.5 times the percentage of clay does not exceed 15. coarse sand (sable grossier) 25% or more very coarse and coarse sand, and less than 50% any other one grade of sand. https://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/glossary/t/index.html Expressions of the estuarine biome occur at wide lower courses of a rivers where they flow into a sea. Estuaries experience tidal flows and their water is a changing mixture of fresh and salt. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z SPIRE:Estuarine estuarine biome Expressions of the estuarine biome occur at wide lower courses of a rivers where they flow into a sea. Estuaries experience tidal flows and their water is a changing mixture of fresh and salt. ISBN:978-92-1-161386-5 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The marine salt marsh biome comprises marshes that are transitional intertidals between land and salty or brackish marine water (e.g.: sloughs, bays, estuaries). It is dominated by halophytic (salt tolerant) herbaceous plants. The daily tidal surges bring in nutrients, which tend to settle in roots of the plants within the salt marsh. The natural chemical activity of salty (or brackish) water and the tendency of algae to bloom in the shallow unshaded water also allow for great biodiversity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z ENVO ENVO:01000022 marine salt marsh biome The marine salt marsh biome comprises marshes that are transitional intertidals between land and salty or brackish marine water (e.g.: sloughs, bays, estuaries). It is dominated by halophytic (salt tolerant) herbaceous plants. The daily tidal surges bring in nutrients, which tend to settle in roots of the plants within the salt marsh. The natural chemical activity of salty (or brackish) water and the tendency of algae to bloom in the shallow unshaded water also allow for great biodiversity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_marsh The marginal sea biome comprises parts of an ocean partially enclosed by land such as islands, archipelagos, or peninsulas. Unlike mediterranean seas, marginal seas have ocean currents caused by ocean winds. Many marginal seas are enclosed by island arcs that were formed from the subduction of one oceanic plate beneath another. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z marginal sea biome The marginal sea biome comprises parts of an ocean partially enclosed by land such as islands, archipelagos, or peninsulas. Unlike mediterranean seas, marginal seas have ocean currents caused by ocean winds. Many marginal seas are enclosed by island arcs that were formed from the subduction of one oceanic plate beneath another. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_sea A marine biome which is determined by an ocean. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z envoPolar Ocean biomes are determined by major bodies of saline water, principal components of the hydrosphere. Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by ocean, a continuous body of water that is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas. More than half of this area is over 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) deep. Average oceanic salinity is around 35 parts per thousand (ppt) (3.5%), and nearly all seawater has a salinity in the range of 30 to 38 ppt. ocean biome A marine biome which is determined by an ocean. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean An environmental material which is composed primarily of particles. Do not oversimplify this branch with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. particulate matter envoAtmo envoPolar particulate environmental material A portion of planktonic material is a portion of environmental material primarily composed of plankton. See Issue #251. Awaiting class creation in PCO to attempt logical definitions. envoPolar planktonic material A water current which is maintained by a continuous, directed movement of marine water, generated by forces caused by breaking waves, wind, Coriolis force, temperature and salinity differences, and tides caused by the gravitational pull of astronomical bodies. Depth contours, shoreline configurations and interaction with other currents influence a current's direction and strength. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z EcoLexicon:marine_current envoPolar marine current A water current which is maintained by a continuous, directed movement of marine water, generated by forces caused by breaking waves, wind, Coriolis force, temperature and salinity differences, and tides caused by the gravitational pull of astronomical bodies. Depth contours, shoreline configurations and interaction with other currents influence a current's direction and strength. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current Environmental material derived from living organisms and composed primarily of one or more biomacromolecules. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:40:04Z EcoLexicon:organic_material biomass organic material Environmental material derived from living organisms and composed primarily of one or more biomacromolecules. ISBN:978-0-618-45504-1 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A forest ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z LTER:212 SPIRE:Forest forest biome A woodland biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, woody plants spaced sufficiently far apart to allow light penetration to support communities of herbaceous plants or shrubs living closer to the woodland floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z Preliminary definition. woodland biome A shrubland biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, dense groups of shrubs. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z Preliminary definition. shrubland biome A grassland ecosystem in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z SPIRE:Savannah_or_grassland grassland biome A woodland biome which has seasonal water availability and includes trees spaced sufficiently far apart to allow an unbroken layer of grass, sedge (Cyperaceae) or rush (Juncaceae) communities to live. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z SPIRE:Savannah_or_grassland savanna biome A desert ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z SPIRE:Desert_or_dune wwfBiome desert biome A subtropical desert biome is a desert biome which has communities adapted to temperatures above a monthly average of 18 degrees Celsius, high daily temperature ranges of approximately 20 degrees Celsius, high insolation (but lower than that of a tropical desert biome), inhibited cloud formation, and very low precipitation. Subtropical desert biomes located near coasts with cold upwellings may have cooler temperatures and reduced insolution due to fog. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. subtropical desert biome A subtropical desert biome is a desert biome which has communities adapted to temperatures above a monthly average of 18 degrees Celsius, high daily temperature ranges of approximately 20 degrees Celsius, high insolation (but lower than that of a tropical desert biome), inhibited cloud formation, and very low precipitation. Subtropical desert biomes located near coasts with cold upwellings may have cooler temperatures and reduced insolution due to fog. WWW:http://www.earthonlinemedia.com/ebooks/tpe_3e/title_page.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropical#Semi-desert.2Fdesert_climate A savanna biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:51Z prairie biome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate savanna biome A subtropical grassland in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state. 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z wwfBiome subtropical grassland biome ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. tropical grassland biome ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z prairie biome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate grassland biome A coniferous forest biome is a forest biome which contains densely packed populations or communities of coniferous trees, strongly limiting light penetration to the forest floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z ENVO ENVO:01000196 Preliminary definition. coniferous forest biome A broadleaf forest ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z broadleaf forest biome A mixed forest in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z wwfBiome mixed forest biome A tropical broadleaf forest in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:32:28Z tropical broadleaf forest biome A broadleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:32:28Z wwfBiome temperate broadleaf forest biome An environmental condition is a range of a determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in an environmental system. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:35:18Z envoPolar A condition defines a restricted range of a given quality or combination of qualities. If an environment class, E, has_condition C, then all qualities listed in C are restricted to the ranges defined in C in E. This is not intended as a logical conditional. environmental condition An environmental condition is a range of a determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in an environmental system. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 A tropical condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives high yearly solar irradiance per unit area and, on Earth, the Sun reaches a subsolar point at least once during the solar year. This results in a hot and moist year-round climate at low elevations, which have a monthly average temperature above 18 degrees Celsius. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z EcoLexicon:the_tropics SPIRE:Tropical tropical A tropical condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives high yearly solar irradiance per unit area and, on Earth, the Sun reaches a subsolar point at least once during the solar year. This results in a hot and moist year-round climate at low elevations, which have a monthly average temperature above 18 degrees Celsius. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical A subtropical condition is an environmental condition in which an envrionmental system receives more solar irradiance than those with temperate conditions, but less than those with tropical conditions. At low elevations, this typically results in eight months of the year having average temperatures greater than or equal to 10 degrees Celsius with the coldest monthly temperature averaging between 2 and 13 degrees Celsius. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z As with most other climatic zones and conditions, multiple classification schemes have somehat different definitions and criteria. To quote from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Several methods have been used to define the subtropical climate. In the Trewartha climate classification, a subtropical region should have at least eight months with a mean temperature of 10 °C (50.0 °F) or above. German climatologists Carl Troll and Karlheinz Paffen defined Warm temperate zones as plain and hilly lands having an average temperature of the coldest month between 2 °C (35.6 °F) and 13 °C (55.4 °F) in the Northern Hemisphere and between 6 °C (42.8 °F) and 13 °C (55.4 °F) in the Southern Hemisphere, excluding oceanic and continental climates. According to the Troll-Paffen climate classification, there generally exists one large subtropical zone named the warm-temperate subtropical zone,[4] which is subdivided into seven smaller areas.[5] According to the E. Neef climate classification, the subtropical zone is divided into two parts: Rainy winters of the west sides and Eastern subtropical climate.[6] According to the Wilhelm Lauer & Peter Frankenberg climate classification, the subtropical zone is divided into three parts: high-continental, continental, and maritime.[7] According to the Siegmund/Frankenberg climate classification, subtropical is one of six climate zones in the world.[8]" subtropical A temperate condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives less solar irradiance than those with subpolar conditions, but greater than those with subtropical conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z SPIRE:Temperate tepid climate This class' definition is less satisfactory than the other latitudinal conditoins. temperate A temperate condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives less solar irradiance than those with subpolar conditions, but greater than those with subtropical conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_climate tepid climate https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_climate A coniferous forest biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:39:14Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate coniferous forest biome A temperate mixed forest in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:39:30Z wwfBiome temperate mixed forest biome A shrubland biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z prairie biome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate shrubland biome A montane shrubland biome is a shrubland biome which occurs in regions elevated above sea level and which has community structure determined by elevation-dependent environmental conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. montane shrubland biome An anthropogenic terrestrial biome is a terrestrial biome which has community structures determined by human activity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:45:22Z anthrome human biome Preliminary definition. anthropogenic terrestrial biome An anthropogenic terrestrial biome is a terrestrial biome which has community structures determined by human activity. http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/150128/ A woodland biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T15:01:04Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate woodland biome An environmental condition in which annual precipitation is less than half of annual potential evapotranspiration. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-24T13:28:18Z EcoLexicon:aridity envoPolar arid A polar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area, resulting in colder climatic conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-05-08T07:49:36Z SPIRE:Polar SWEETRealm:Polarization frigid envoPolar On Earth, polar conditions are such that every month has average temperature lower than 10 degrees Celsius. Note that this class refers to a climatic rather than a positional condition. polar A polar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area, resulting in colder climatic conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_climate frigid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_climate A scrubland which is located in a desert. 2013-06-06T15:02:30Z desert scrub desert scrubland A scrubland which is located in a desert. ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 desert scrub ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 A cropland ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z cropland biome A cropland ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. A village biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which contains settlements such as villages, towns, and/or small cities and which is primarily used for agricultural activity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z Villages are also described as agricultural settlements with greater than 100 persons per square kilometre; however, no upper limit is defined. village biome A village biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which contains settlements such as villages, towns, and/or small cities and which is primarily used for agricultural activity. DOI:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x DOI:10.1890/070062 A rangeland biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for the rearing and grazing of livestock. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z rangeland biome A rangeland biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for the rearing and grazing of livestock. DOI:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x DOI:10.1890/070062 A dense settlement biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for human habitation, recreation, and industry within built structures with little other land use. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z ENVO:01000248 dense settlement biome A dense settlement biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for human habitation, recreation, and industry within built structures with little other land use. DOI:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x DOI:10.1890/070062 A coniferous forest biome which includes communities adapted to subpolar conditions. 2013-09-04T06:41:53Z EcoLexicon:taiga LTER:72 SPIRE:Taiga boreal forest taiga wwfBiome subpolar coniferous forest biome A subpolar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area and is surrounded by large land masses. This results in very cold winters with temperatures potentially falling to around -40 degrees Celsius and summers which last no more than 3 months of the year with a 24-hour average temperature of at least 10 degrees Celsius. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-09-04T07:08:34Z boreal subarctic envoPolar Note that this class refers to a climatic rather than a positional condition. subpolar A subpolar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area and is surrounded by large land masses. This results in very cold winters with temperatures potentially falling to around -40 degrees Celsius and summers which last no more than 3 months of the year with a 24-hour average temperature of at least 10 degrees Celsius. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarctic_climate boreal https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarctic_climate subarctic https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarctic_climate A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. 2013-09-23T16:04:08Z EcoLexicon:environment environment In ENVO's alignment with the Basic Formal Ontology, this class is being considered as a subclass of a proposed BFO class "system". The relation "environed_by" is also under development. Roughly, a system which includes a material entity (at least partially) within its site and causally influences that entity may be considered to environ it. Following the completion of this alignment, this class' definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised. environmental system A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 A mineral material is an environmental material which is primarily composed of some substance that is naturally occurring, solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and that has an ordered atomic structure. Look for "mineral" in a chemical or geochemical ontology to formalise the composed primarily of link. From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ [A mineral] is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and does not have a specific chemical composition. The exact definition of a mineral is under debate, especially with respect to the requirement a valid species be abiogenic, and to a lesser extent with regards to it having an ordered atomic structure. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-05T12:37:41Z LTER:341 mineral material A mineral material is an environmental material which is primarily composed of some substance that is naturally occurring, solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and that has an ordered atomic structure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral Water vapour is a vapour which is the gas phase of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-10T07:58:18Z aqueous vapor aqueous vapour water vapor Perhaps a better relation between water vapour and water can be found in or added to RO? water vapour Water vapour is a vapour which is the gas phase of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor aqueous vapor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor aqueous vapour https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor water vapor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a material body of sufficient mass that is held in place by the gravity of the body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-10T08:14:50Z LTER:48 atmosphere An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a material body of sufficient mass that is held in place by the gravity of the body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_geography Atmospheric water vapour is water vapour that is part of an atmosphere. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-10T08:22:07Z atmospheric water vapor ENVO ENVO:01000268 envoPolar atmospheric water vapour Atmospheric water vapour is water vapour that is part of an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor atmospheric water vapor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor A large unit of land or water containing a geographically distinct assemblage of species, natural communities, and environmental conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-12T17:21:09Z envoPolar Unlike biomes, ecoregions are geographically defined entities. ENVO's sister project, GAZ, contains terms for instances of ecoregions (e.g. Beringia lowland tundra). Requests for new terms should be directed to GAZ. ENVO will only contain this top-level class. The class' definition is preliminary and will be aligned to BFO. ecoregion A large unit of land or water containing a geographically distinct assemblage of species, natural communities, and environmental conditions. DOI:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2 URL:http://worldwildlife.org/biomes Ice which is formed from water. 2013-10-13T12:01:28Z LTER:262 ice envoPolar Water ice can appear transparent or opaque bluish-white color, depending on the presence of impurities or air inclusions. The addition of other materials such as soil may further alter its appearance. When speaking about ice on Earth, usually water ice is meant - the solid, crystalline form of water found in the atmosphere as snow crystals, hail, ice pellets, etc., and on the earth's surface in forms such as hoarfrost, rime, glaze, sea ice, glacier ice, ground ice, frazil, anchor ice, etc. This form of water is, strictly speaking, called ice Ih, the Roman numeral I distinguishing it from more than a dozen other phases and the letter h distinguishing it from the metastable cubic phase ice Ic. Ice Ih is the only one of the several known phases of water ice that is stable at commonly occurring temperatures and pressures. (Some of the other forms have very unusual properties, ice VII, for example, being stable only at pressures above 22 400 kg/cm^2, but then existing at temperatures up to about 100C.) It has an open structure with a specific gravity of 0.9166 which is slightly less than water; because the water molecules bond to their neighbors covalently only in four directions; it therefore floats on higher density water, where broken molecular bonds permit closer packing. All commonly occurring forms of ice are crystalline, although large single crystals are relatively rare except in glaciers. The ice crystal lattice possesses hexagonal symmetry that manifests itself in the gross forms of such single crystals as are sometimes found in snow. At an air pressure of one atmosphere, ice melts at 0 C by definition of the Celsius temperature scale. (Strictly speaking the equilibrium point among water, ice, and vapor occurs at +0.01C, the triple point.) On the other hand, ice does not invariably form in liquid water cooled below this temperature; it has a tendency to supercool, more so in the absence of ice nuclei. In permafrost regions, ice may occupy voids in soils and rocks and may develop in a variety of forms. Ice may be colourless to pale blue or greenish-blue. It may appear white due to included gas bubbles; in exposures, ground ice may also appear black. In nature ice is formed either by: (a) the freezing of water, (b) the condensation of atmospheric water vapour direct into ice crystals, (c) the compaction of snow with or without the motion of a glacier, or (d) the impregnation of porous snow masses with water which subsequently freeze. water ice Ice which is formed from water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice ice http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/4131 Ecozones delineate large areas of a planetary surface within which organisms have been evolving in relative isolation over long periods of time, separated from one another by geographic features, such as oceans, broad deserts, or high mountain ranges, that constitute barriers to migration. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-13T18:32:46Z envoPolar ENVO contains this top-level class, but all instances will be in GAZ. The definition is preliminary and will be aligned to BFO. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ecozones correspond to the floristic kingdoms of botany or zoogeographic regions of zoology. Ecozones are characterized by the evolutionary history of the organisms they contain. They are distinct from biomes, also known as major habitat types, which are divisions of the Earth's surface based on life form, or the adaptation of plants and animals to climatic, soil, and other conditions. Biomes are characterized by similar climax vegetation. Each ecozone may include a number of different biomes. A tropical moist broadleaf forest in Central America, for example, may be similar to one in New Guinea in its vegetation type and structure, climate, soils, etc., but these forests are inhabited by plants and animals with very different evolutionary histories. ecozone Ecozones delineate large areas of a planetary surface within which organisms have been evolving in relative isolation over long periods of time, separated from one another by geographic features, such as oceans, broad deserts, or high mountain ranges, that constitute barriers to migration. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ecozone A material entity which 1) is spatially continuous, 2) is composed of material of comparable thickness, composition, and physical properties, and 3) is physically distinct from adjacent portions of environmental material. 2013-10-15T16:42:02Z envoPolar layer A material entity which 1) is spatially continuous, 2) is composed of material of comparable thickness, composition, and physical properties, and 3) is physically distinct from adjacent portions of environmental material. A layer which is part of a lake. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T16:57:43Z ENVO ENVO:01000283 envoPolar Note that this class does not contain metalimnion as a subclass. The metaliminon is classified as a thermocline. lake layer A mass of water ice. Class should be populated by inference and asserted subclasses redistributed. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T19:49:11Z accumulation of ice ice accumulation http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation envoPolar ice mass A layer that is part of a marine water body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoMarine envoPolar marine layer A layer that is part of a marine water body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 An endolithic environment is an environment that exists within solid rock. endolithic environment An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by saline water. Water (saline) envoEmpo envoOmics envoPolar saline water environment Water (saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environment which has a lower temperature than some local or global average. envoPolar The definition of the deprecated 'cold temperature habitat' class, which this class was derived from, quotes an upper threshold of 15 degrees Celsius for 'coldness'. cold environment An anthropogenic environment is an environmental system which is the product of human activity. Unsatisfactory definition here. Must consider the threshold that makes an environmental system anthropogenic. anthropogenic environment A high osmolarity environment is an environment in which entities are exposed to high concentrations of solutes. high osmolarity environment An acidic environment is an environment in which material entities are exposed to a low pH. acidic environment An environment whose dynamics are strongly influenced by water. aquatic environment A rocky slope is a slope which has a surface primarily composed of rock. rocky slope A marine environment and enviroment which is determined by a marine water body. envoPolar marine environment A marine environment and enviroment which is determined by a marine water body. NM:nm An environmental system determined by seawater. ocean water environment envoPolar sea water environment The atmospheric boundary layer is the lowest layer of an atmosphere which is strongly influenced by its contact with a planetary surface with strong vertical mixing and in which physical quantities such as flow velocity, temperature, and moisture display rapid fluctuations (turbulence). planetary boundary layer envoPolar atmospheric boundary layer A planetary surface is a surface layer where the solid or liquid material of a planet comes into contact with an atmosphere or outer space. a useful class: this can be used to define sub-terrestrial and sub-marine entities planetary surface A layer in a water mass, itself composed primarily of water. envoPolar This class will eventually be populated by inference, and its asserted subclasses removed. aquatic layer A dome swamp is a swamp which occurs in a depression where deeper waters at the centre of the swamp allow trees to grow taller relative to those in shallower regions of the depression. This creates a dome-like shape. The logical def should be improved with the idea of a vegetation unit growing in a depression expressed. dome swamp An understory is a layer of plant life which grows below the canopy without penetrating it. under story undergrowth understorey understory An understory is a layer of plant life which grows below the canopy without penetrating it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Understory A shrub layer is a layer of vegetation in a woodland or forest consisting of low, woody vegetation of frutescent form. shrub layer A shrub layer is a layer of vegetation in a woodland or forest consisting of low, woody vegetation of frutescent form. http://www.treeterms.co.uk/definitions/shrub-layer A herb and fern layer is a layer of a forest or woodland which is composed of all vascular plant life that are one metre or less in height. fern layer herb layer herb stratum herbaceous layer herbaceous stratum herbaceous understory ground cover ground vegetation regeneration layer This definition is inclusive of non-herbaceous plants that may be transiently present in the "herb layer". See Gilliam FS (2007) The Ecological Significance of the Herbaceous Layer in Temperate Forest Ecosystems. BioScience. 57(10):845-858. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/B571007) for rationale and a review of definitional and terminological variation. herb and fern layer A herb and fern layer is a layer of a forest or woodland which is composed of all vascular plant life that are one metre or less in height. http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/B571007 A biome which is subject to polar climatic conditions. envoPolar This class is primarily for inference and, in general, should not be used directly by annotators. If you're an annotator, please consider using a more informative term such as 'tundra biome'. polar biome An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer having a monthly mean temperature is less than 10 degrees Celsius and being located at altitudes above the tree line and below the snowline. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 LTER:26 envoPolar Requested term with preliminary def. See Issue 29 on the envo tracker. alpine An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer having a monthly mean temperature is less than 10 degrees Celsius and being located at altitudes above the tree line and below the snowline. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located at an altitude between mid-altitude forests and the tree line. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 LTER:350 envoPolar The exact level of the tree line varies with local climate, but typically the tree line is found where mean monthly soil temperatures never exceed 10.0 degrees C and the mean annual soil temperatures are around 6.7 degrees C. In the tropics, this region is typified by montane rain forest (above 3,000 ft) while at higher latitudes coniferous forests often dominate. montane An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located at an altitude between mid-altitude forests and the tree line. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation The exact level of the tree line varies with local climate, but typically the tree line is found where mean monthly soil temperatures never exceed 10.0 degrees C and the mean annual soil temperatures are around 6.7 degrees C. In the tropics, this region is typified by montane rain forest (above 3,000 ft) while at higher latitudes coniferous forests often dominate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation An altitudinal condition is an environmental condition in which ranges of factors such as temperature, humidity, soil composition, solar irradiation, and tree density vary with ranges in altitude. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar Depending on the latitude (and, to a lesser extent, other factors), the actual location of the zones where these conditions are in effect will change. altitudinal condition An altitudinal condition is an environmental condition in which ranges of factors such as temperature, humidity, soil composition, solar irradiation, and tree density vary with ranges in altitude. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation An organic material primarily composed of a portion of plant root. Requested in Issue 115 as part of the annotation of metagenomic submissions present in the European Nucleotide Archive. root matter An unbroken expanse (as of ice) ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar This class was created to accommodate "fields" from agricultural fields to marine mesoscale eddy fields. Thus, it has a very broad definition which makes it less than informative when annotating. Please consider using or requesting an appropriate subclass. field An unbroken expanse (as of ice) http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/field A layer which is determined by a form of vegetation. forest layer forest stratum woodland layer woodland stratum Usually found in woodlands and forests. vegetation layer A portion of acidic water is a portion of water with a pH less than 7. acidic water An evergreen needleleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. coniferous forest This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate evergreen needleleaf forest A deciduous broadleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate deciduous broadleaf forest A deciduous needleleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. coniferous forest This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate deciduous needleleaf forest A temperate mixed forest which has communities of trees composed primarily of species with broad leaves. This class corresponds to the "Temperate Mixed broadleaf / needleleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "temperate mixed needleleaf forest" class can be made. temperate mixed broadleaf forest A temperate mixed forest which has communities of trees composed primarily of species with needle-like leaves (e.g. conifers). coniferous forest This class corresponds to the "Temperate Mixed broadleaf / needleleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "temperate mixed broadleaf forest" class can be made. temperate mixed needleleaf forest A sclerophyllous forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate sclerophyllous dry forest A broadleaf evergreen forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate broadleaf evergreen forest A freshwater swamp forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). It is currently unclear how to relate forests and swamps. temperate freshwater swamp forest Snow is an environmental material which is primarily composed of flakes of crystalline water ice. envoPolar snow Snow is an environmental material which is primarily composed of flakes of crystalline water ice. http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/7769 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow A site which has its extent determined by the presence or influence of one or more components of an environmental system or the processes occurring therein. environmental area envoPolar Formerly, this class was an experimental class and a subclass of "environmental feature". It is now aligned to BFO. The class was not obsoleted as the core semantics maintained their stability through its transition. environmental zone A whole plant which is relatively old old plant A whole plant which is relatively young. young plant A house is a building that provides a dwelling-place for a living entity. The provisioning of a dwelling-place can perhaps be modelled as a role. house A house is a building that provides a dwelling-place for a living entity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House A human house is a house which provides a dwelling-place for humans. human house A building part is a construction which is part of a building. Not recommended for annotation. This class is likely to be made into an inferred class as its subclasses are distributed among more meaningful superclasses (i.e. ceiling is_a surface layer). See for example, "building floor". The boundaries between building parts may be bona fide or fiat. building part A building part which is separated from other building parts by one or more interior walls and, optionally, outdoor areas by one or more exterior walls. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 room A building part which is separated from other building parts by one or more interior walls and, optionally, outdoor areas by one or more exterior walls. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Room A forest biome which contains densely packed populations or communities of broadleaf trees, strongly limiting light penetration to the forest floor. A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. broadleaf forest A forest ecosystem which contains densely packed populations or communities of broadleaf and coniferous trees, strongly limiting light penetration to the forest floor. A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. The subclasses of this class need to be checked: are they properly placed under other classes or is this corrected and the dominant form of mixed vegetation noted in the label? mixed forest A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. swamp forest coniferous forest A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. needleleaf forest A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. sclerophyllous forest A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. montane forest A concrete masonry unit is a large, rectangular masonry unit primarily composed of concrete. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 concrete masonry unit A concrete masonry unit is a large, rectangular masonry unit primarily composed of concrete. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_masonry_unit A masonry unit is a solid piece of material, usually with a regular shape, used as a component in the construction of buildings. Masonry units are usually composed of brick, stone, marble, granite, travertine, limestone, cast stone, concrete block, glass block, stucco, tile, or cob. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 masonry unit A masonry unit is a solid piece of material, usually with a regular shape, used as a component in the construction of buildings. Masonry units are usually composed of brick, stone, marble, granite, travertine, limestone, cast stone, concrete block, glass block, stucco, tile, or cob. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonry Concrete is a composite material composed of an aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement which hardens over time. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Missing the class for "aggregate" - tricky to define what it is, exactly. Again, seems more like some sort of material/disposition hybrid. concrete Concrete is a composite material composed of an aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement which hardens over time. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete Masonry cement is a substance used in construction that has the disposition to set and harden and thus may be used to bind materials together. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 cement "Cement" refers more to a disposition than a specific material. masonry cement Masonry cement is a substance used in construction that has the disposition to set and harden and thus may be used to bind materials together. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement Building walls are bulding parts which serve to support roofs, floors and ceilings; enclose a space as part of the building envelope; give buildings form; and to provide shelter and security. This is a building part and not the same as a standalone wall, which is a building in its own right. building wall Building walls are bulding parts which serve to support roofs, floors and ceilings; enclose a space as part of the building envelope; give buildings form; and to provide shelter and security. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall An exterior wall is a building wall which separates the interior of a building from the buildings surrounding environment. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 exterior wall A building envelope is a building part composed of those building parts which physically separate the interior of a building from its surrounding environment. The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise transfer. The three basic elements of a building envelope are a weather barrier, air barrier, and thermal barrier. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 building enclosure building envelope A building envelope is a building part composed of those building parts which physically separate the interior of a building from its surrounding environment. The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise transfer. The three basic elements of a building envelope are a weather barrier, air barrier, and thermal barrier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_envelope ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A ceiling is an overhead interior surface that covers the upper limit of a room. It is not generally considered a structural element, but a finished surface concealing the underside of the floor or roof structure above. ceiling A ceiling is an overhead interior surface that covers the upper limit of a room. It is not generally considered a structural element, but a finished surface concealing the underside of the floor or roof structure above. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceiling A roof is the covering on the uppermost part of a building which provides protection from animals and weather, notably rain, but also heat, wind and sunlight. A roof is also the framing or structure which supports the covering ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 roof This class is meant to represent roofs which are parts of buildings, rather than a roofs of cave and other natural formations. building roof A roof is the covering on the uppermost part of a building which provides protection from animals and weather, notably rain, but also heat, wind and sunlight. A roof is also the framing or structure which supports the covering https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roof A portion of brick material is a material derived from a brick which is composed of kneaded clay-bearing soil, expanded clay aggregate, sand and lime, or concrete that has been fire-hardened or air-dried. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 brick material A portion of brick material is a material derived from a brick which is composed of kneaded clay-bearing soil, expanded clay aggregate, sand and lime, or concrete that has been fire-hardened or air-dried. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick A brick is a masonry unit which is composed of kneaded clay-bearing soil, expanded clay aggregate, sand and lime, or concrete material, fire-hardened or air-dried. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Generally used to refer to the masonry unit rather than a material. brick A brick is a masonry unit which is composed of kneaded clay-bearing soil, expanded clay aggregate, sand and lime, or concrete material, fire-hardened or air-dried. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick A brick exterior wall is an exterior wall that is built from bricks. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 brick wall brick exterior wall A concrete exterior wall is an exterior wall that is composed primarily of concrete. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 concrete wall concrete exterior wall An iron sheet is a mass of iron which has been forged into a roughly planar form of less than 6 millimetres in thickness. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 iron sheet An iron sheet is a mass of iron which has been forged into a roughly planar form of less than 6 millimetres in thickness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheet_metal A sheet-iron building roof is a building roof that is built from sheets of iron. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 sheet iron roof sheet-iron roof iron sheet building roof sheet-iron building roof An asbestos building roof is a building roof that is built from asbestos. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 asbestos roof asbestos exists in CHEBI and will be imported to complete this class' logical def. asbestos building roof A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone, metal, or even glass, generally used for covering roofs, floors, walls, showers, or other objects such as tabletops. Alternatively, tile can sometimes refer to similar units made from lightweight materials such as perlite, wood, and mineral wool, typically used for wall and ceiling applications. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 tile A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone, metal, or even glass, generally used for covering roofs, floors, walls, showers, or other objects such as tabletops. Alternatively, tile can sometimes refer to similar units made from lightweight materials such as perlite, wood, and mineral wool, typically used for wall and ceiling applications. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tile A tile building roof is a building roof that is built using tiles. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 tile roof tiled roof tile building roof tiled building roof A fixture which is used primarily for the collection and, in some cases, disposal of human urine and feces. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 toilet "disposal" may not be the most precise way to describe fill-in latrines. Note that no assertion is made on whether these fixtures are in- or outdoors. toilet fixture A fixture which is used primarily for the collection and, in some cases, disposal of human urine and feces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilet A factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing plant is an industrial site, usually consisting of buildings and machinery, or more commonly a complex having several buildings, where workers manufacture goods or operate machines processing one product into another. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 manufactory manufacturing plant factory A factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing plant is an industrial site, usually consisting of buildings and machinery, or more commonly a complex having several buildings, where workers manufacture goods or operate machines processing one product into another. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factory The layer of the atmosphere which is sandwiched between the troposphere and mesosphere. Of the energy that reaches the Earth from the sun, only 3% is absorbed in the stratosphere, but that includes the vitally important process of absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the stratospheric ozone layer. The stratosphere is cloudless and dust free, and almost unaffected by the turbulent conditions of the underlying level of the atmosphere. (Source: WRIGHT) ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Definition from GEMET - will be refined. stratosphere The layer of the atmosphere which is sandwiched between the troposphere and mesosphere. Of the energy that reaches the Earth from the sun, only 3% is absorbed in the stratosphere, but that includes the vitally important process of absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the stratospheric ozone layer. The stratosphere is cloudless and dust free, and almost unaffected by the turbulent conditions of the underlying level of the atmosphere. (Source: WRIGHT) GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/8128 The mesosphere is part of the earth's atmosphere which is between the stratosphere and the thermosphere in which temperature decreases with altitude to the atmosphere's absolute minimum ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 mesosphere The mesosphere is part of the earth's atmosphere which is between the stratosphere and the thermosphere in which temperature decreases with altitude to the atmosphere's absolute minimum http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mesosphere The lowest of the concentric layers of the atmosphere, occurring between the Earth's surface and the tropopause. It is the zone where atmospheric turbulence is at its greatest and where the bulk of the Earth's weather is generated. It contains almost all the water vapour and aerosols and three-quarters of the total gaseous mass of the atmosphere. Throughout the troposphere temperature decreases with height at a mean rate of 6.5°C/km and the whole zone is capped by either an inversion of temperature or an isothermal layer at the tropopause. (Source: WHIT) ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Definition from GEMET - will be refined. troposphere The lowest of the concentric layers of the atmosphere, occurring between the Earth's surface and the tropopause. It is the zone where atmospheric turbulence is at its greatest and where the bulk of the Earth's weather is generated. It contains almost all the water vapour and aerosols and three-quarters of the total gaseous mass of the atmosphere. Throughout the troposphere temperature decreases with height at a mean rate of 6.5°C/km and the whole zone is capped by either an inversion of temperature or an isothermal layer at the tropopause. (Source: WHIT) GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/8695 The thermosphere is a part of the earth's atmosphere that begins at about 50 miles (80 kilometers) above the earth's surface, extends to outer space, and is characterized by steadily increasing temperature with height thermosphere The thermosphere is a part of the earth's atmosphere that begins at about 50 miles (80 kilometers) above the earth's surface, extends to outer space, and is characterized by steadily increasing temperature with height http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thermosphere A layer that is part of the atmosphere. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 atmospheric layering envoPolar This could be made into an inferred class, rather than having asserted subclasses. atmospheric layer atmospheric layering GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/627 A boundary layer is a layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant enough to distort the surrounding non-viscous flow. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 boundary layer boundary layer A boundary layer is a layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant enough to distort the surrounding non-viscous flow. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_layer boundary layer http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/976 A motor vehicle is a vehicle which is propelled by an engine or motor and that does not operate on rails. Subclasses will be added by inference. motor vehicle A motor vehicle is a vehicle which is propelled by an engine or motor and that does not operate on rails. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehicle A vehicle is a mobile machine which transports people or cargo. vehicle A vehicle is a mobile machine which transports people or cargo. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle A motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. engine motor A motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor A lentic water body is a water body in which the accumulated water, in its totality, has very little to no directed flow. lentic water body Hydrological condensation is a process in which atmospheric water vapour undergoes a phase transition from the gas phase to the liquid phase. condensation envoAtmo envoPolar "process" is included in the label to make it clear that we are not referring to the condensed material (e.g. water droplets, window fog) hydrological condensation process Hydrological condensation is a process in which atmospheric water vapour undergoes a phase transition from the gas phase to the liquid phase. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation A landmass which is part of a planet. land ground planetary landmass A landmass which is part of a planet. Adpated from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface Outer space is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays that exists between celestial bodies. space envoAstro outer space Outer space is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays that exists between celestial bodies. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_space A planetary crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or natural satellite, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle. crust This class is meant to be applicable accross planets. Earth's crust would be an instance. planetary crust A planetary crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or natural satellite, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_(geology) A planetary structural layer is laminar part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. Planetary layers have differing physicochemical properties and composition. Label should be improved to match definition. planetary structural layer A planetary mantle is a planetary layer which is an interior part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. mantle This class is meant to be applicable accross planets. Earth's mantle would be an instance. planetary mantle A planetary mantle is a planetary layer which is an interior part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_(geology) A lithosphere is the outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties. Earth's lithosphere includes the crust and uppermost mantle. lithosphere A lithosphere is the outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithosphere A settlement with a high density of buildings and inhabitants. See also: http://www.ecotope.org/anthromes/v1/guide/urban/12_dense_settlements/default.aspx The thresholds for what makes a settlment "dense" can be determined as needed. If there is a specific threshold that should be added to ENVO, please make a new class request. dense settlement A role that is realized in some process wherein the bearer is discarded or not utilized further. This definition is preliminary. waste role A geological fracture is any separation in a geologic formation, such as a joint or a fault that divides a mass of rock into two or more pieces. fracture SWEETRealm:Fissure fissure geological fracture A geological fracture is any separation in a geologic formation, such as a joint or a fault that divides a mass of rock into two or more pieces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracture_(geology) fissure Genomes:fissure A geological fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock, across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock mass movement. fault The relationship between faults and active plate boundaries must be further developed, as there is some overlap. geological fault An active fault is a fault that is likely to become the source of another earthquake sometime in the future. Geologists commonly consider faults to be active if there has been movement observed or evidence of seismic activity during the last 10,000 years. active fault environmental_hazards active geological fault Contaminated air is air which has sufficient concentrations of environmental pollutants such that it may adversely affect a given ecosystem. contaminated air An earthquake is a process during which energy is released in an astronomical body's crust, causing the displacement of crustal parts and the generation of seismic waves. quake temblor tremor environmental_hazards Elastic strain, gravity, chemical reactions, or even the motion of massive bodies can produce earthquakes. earthquake An earthquake is a process during which energy is released in an astronomical body's crust, causing the displacement of crustal parts and the generation of seismic waves. Adapted from URL:http://www.britannica.com/science/earthquake-geology https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake An earthquake caused by the sudden release of energy accumulated in an astronomical body's crust, as the elastic strain placed on constituent rock masses causes them to fracture. environmental_hazards tectonic earthquake An earthquake caused by the sudden release of energy accumulated in an astronomical body's crust, as the elastic strain placed on constituent rock masses causes them to fracture. URL:http://www.britannica.com/science/earthquake-geology A lake which has concentrations of environmental contaminants high enough to harm the ecosystems associated with it. environmental_hazards polluted lake A mass of water. water mass A coast is the area where land meets the sea, ocean, or lake. Used for both marine and lake coasts. The boundary of the coast is fuzzy and it overlaps both the water body and land in quesiton. Compared to 'shore' coast A coast is the area where land meets the sea, ocean, or lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast A tsunami is a process during which a series of waves is generated in a water body, typically an ocean or large lake, by the displacement of a large volume of water. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. seismic sea wave tidal wave environmental_hazards tsunami A tsunami is a process during which a series of waves is generated in a water body, typically an ocean or large lake, by the displacement of a large volume of water. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami A material transport process during which a geological surface shifts downward relative to a datum such as sea-level. subsidence environmental_hazards geological subsidence A material transport process during which a geological surface shifts downward relative to a datum such as sea-level. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidence Hydrological precipitation is a process during which any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapour is pulled to the planetary surface by gravity. precipitation "process" is included in the label to make it clear that we are not referring to the precipitated material (e.g. snow, rain, sleet) hydrological precipitation process Hydrological precipitation is a process during which any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapour is pulled to the planetary surface by gravity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation Condensation is a process during which a gas undergoes a phase transition into a liquid. condensation process Condensation is a process during which a gas undergoes a phase transition into a liquid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation Desublimation is a process in which a portion of some gas undergoes a phase transition into a portion of some solid. deposition desublimation process Desublimation is a process in which a portion of some gas undergoes a phase transition into a portion of some solid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deposition_(phase_transition) An environmental system which can sustain and allow the growth of an ecological population. EcoLexicon:habitat LTER:238 SWEETRealm:Habitat https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat A habitat's specificity to an ecological population differentiates it from other environment classes. habitat An environmental system which can sustain and allow the growth of an ecological population. EnvO:EnvO A process in which natural ecosystems present over an expanse of land are removed and replaced with anthropogenic ecosystems. An SDGIO request. Likely to be refined and revised. This looks like an aggregate class, subsuming a range of processes which can lead to degradation. These anthropogenic ecosystems may include urban or other built-up settlements or anthropogenic ecosystems used for activities such as forestry or agriculture. land consumption process A process in which natural ecosystems present over an expanse of land are removed and replaced with anthropogenic ecosystems. Adapted from EEA (1997) The concept of environmental space, Copenhagen, URL: http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/92-9167-078-2/at_download/file A self-contained constructed feature used by one or more households as a home, such as a house, apartment, mobile home, houseboat or other 'substantial' structure. A dwelling typically includes nearby outbuildings, sheds etc. within the curtilage of the property, excluding any 'open fields beyond'. It has significance in relation to search and seizure, conveyancing of real property, burglary, trespass, and land use planning. See https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/264 for discussion. This definition needs a lot of clean up and links to household and related classes must be made to form logical definitions for inference to work. Subclasses will be added by inference. human dwelling A self-contained constructed feature used by one or more households as a home, such as a house, apartment, mobile home, houseboat or other 'substantial' structure. A dwelling typically includes nearby outbuildings, sheds etc. within the curtilage of the property, excluding any 'open fields beyond'. It has significance in relation to search and seizure, conveyancing of real property, burglary, trespass, and land use planning. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwelling accessed 11/25/2015 An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of bedrock, desert pavement, scarp rock, talus, material exposed by slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand, material exposed during strip mining, gravel, and other accumulations of earthen material in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. The range of entities that are considered "barren land" are not exhaustive, making axiomatisation risky at this stage. Barren Land (Rock/Sand/Clay) NLCD:31 envoPolar nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of barren land generally have less than 15% cover of vegetation. A specific threshold is not asserted in this definition. area of barren land An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of bedrock, desert pavement, scarp rock, talus, material exposed by slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand, material exposed during strip mining, gravel, and other accumulations of earthen material in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of gaseous or aerosolised material held in shape by one or more environmental processes. This may not need to be in the atmosphere, also note that "meteor" will do much of the same work. envoAtmo Similar, in spirit, to landform. This class may need to be split into aerosols and 'pure' volumes of gas. aeroform A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings; however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement. This class may be split. "urban village" doesn't sit well and prevents relations to village biomes. village A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings; however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Village The system of public works in a country, state or region, including roads, utility lines and public buildings. infrastructure We label this as 'public infrastructure', as the OECD definition refers specifically to public constructed features. The parts of public infrastructure are not exhaustive and should be extended as needed. public infrastructure The system of public works in a country, state or region, including roads, utility lines and public buildings. https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=4511 A building which is publically accessible. Created for SDGIO, we treat "public" as "publically accessible" where the semantics of access are dealt with in SDGIO. public building A planned process during which a portion of environmental material is removed from a material entity. Created for SDGIO and intended to be a more general form of resource extraction process. material extraction process A process whereby a large volume of gas moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. wind envoAtmo envoPolar This class refers to all forms of "wind": from the familiar movement of air in the Earth's atmosphere to the solar wind. Use a subclass to be more precise. mass gaseous flow A process whereby a large volume of gas moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind wind A mass gaseous flow which occurrs in a planet's atmosphere due to internal pressure disequilibria. envoAtmo envoPolar atmospheric wind A mass gaseous flow which occurrs in a planet's atmosphere due to internal pressure disequilibria. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind A material entity which is composed of one or more chemical entities and has neither independent shape nor volume but tends to expand indefinitely. This class is to be populated by inference. gas gaseous environmental material A material entity which is composed of one or more chemical entities and has neither independent shape nor volume but tends to expand indefinitely. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gas A material entity which is composed of a volume of unbound positive and negative particles in roughly equal numbers, conducts electricity, and possesses internal magnetic fields. An NTR for `quality of a plasma` has been posted on the PATO tracker: https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/88 plasma A material entity which is composed of a volume of unbound positive and negative particles in roughly equal numbers, conducts electricity, and possesses internal magnetic fields. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plasma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_%28physics%29 An object which is naturally occuring, bound together by gravitational or electromagnetic forces, and surrounded by space. celestial body envoAstro Astronomical bodies are usually cohesive, thus the use of the term 'object' sensu BFO 'object'. astronomical body An object which is naturally occuring, bound together by gravitational or electromagnetic forces, and surrounded by space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_object A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals. envoAstro envoPolar Considerable debate on the definition of planet exists. planet A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/whatisaplanet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet An astronomical object which is composed primarily of luminous plasma held in a spherical form by gravitational forces. Add qualities such as spherical. Request NTRs if not available in PATO. envoAstro envoPolar star An astronomical object which is composed primarily of luminous plasma held in a spherical form by gravitational forces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star An object which is composed of one or more gravitationally bound structures that are associated with a position in space. celestial object envoAstro If there is only one astronomical body involved, this class is equivalent to ENVO:01000799. This may be problematic with reasoning, but it seems to be true to the rather fuzzy definitions found thus far. astronomical object An object which is composed of one or more gravitationally bound structures that are associated with a position in space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_object A material part of an astronomical body. Also note that some astronomical body parts (ABPs) may have fiat boundaries: if there's strong debate about where an ABP begins or ends (over and above fuzzy boundaries), with different official classifications setting different thresholds or limits, axiomatise the class with fiat boundaries of the appropriate dimension. Note that material entities may have immaterial entities (e.g. sites) as parts. This class includes material parts of astronomical bodies. Immaterial parts, such as magnetospheres, are represented as sites under the influence of magnetic fields.Please post countercases in the ENVO tracker for revision of this hierarchy if needed. envoAstro envoPolar Material parts of astronomical bodies generally have boundaries formed by discontinuities in qualities, composition, or other physical characterisitcs. These boundaries are sometimes sharp, and sometimes diffuse, with different classification systems and communities declaring varying thresholds (e.g. for where a shoreline, forest, or other entity begins and ends). However, some boundaries are declared by fiat - that is, by arbitrary human convention or decree - particularly by regulatory or other authorities and communities of practice. The classes in this hierarchy attempt to offer generalisable definitions that allow multiple classfiication systems to map to and interoperate through. If desired, we can create classes that declare thresholds used by a given authority or community under the more generic ones, annotated with source information. astronomical body part An environmental material which is in a solid state. This is a defined class: its subclasses will not be asserted, but filled by inference. solid environmental material An environmental material which is in a liquid state. envoPolar This is a defined class: most of its subclasses will not be asserted, but filled by inference. liquid environmental material An astronomical body part which includes all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body, as well as the non-living and dead entities with which they interact. Whether this class should be grouped with classes such as "hydrosphere" and "cryosphere" requires some discussion. envoAstro envoPolar The gravitational sphere of influence referenced in this class' definition is the Hill sphere: a region in which an object dominates the attraction of satellites despite gravitational perturbations. biosphere An astronomical body part which includes all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body, as well as the non-living and dead entities with which they interact. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Biosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet. envoAstro envoPolar This is a very broad and, in practice, poorly defined term. Please consider using or requesting a more specific class. hydrosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of soil, subject to soil formation processes, and found on the surface of a lithosphere. envoAstro This is a very broad and, in practice, poorly defined term. Please consider using or requesting a more specific class. pedosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of soil, subject to soil formation processes, and found on the surface of a lithosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedosphere Air which has increased levels of water vapour. humid air Air which has a partial pressure of water vapour equal or near equal to its equilibrium vapor pressure at a given temperature. water-vapour-saturated air wet air "Near equal" is meant to reflect that there will be fluctuations around the equilibrium point. water vapour saturated air A hydrological precipitation process in which atmospheric water vapour condenses to form droplets of liquid water massive enough to fall to a planetary surface due to the planet's gravity. rain fall rainfall rain envoPolar This is the process which typically happens on Earth. Other planets may have different liquids involved in the process. water-based rainfall A hydrological precipitation process in which atmospheric water vapour condenses to form droplets of liquid water massive enough to fall to a planetary surface due to the planet's gravity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain A droplet is a small column of liquid, bounded completely or almost completely by free surfaces which maintains its shape due to the surface tension of the liquid. drop No attempt is made to differentiate between drops and droplets. This may be added, if requested. droplet A droplet is a small column of liquid, bounded completely or almost completely by free surfaces which maintains its shape due to the surface tension of the liquid. A droplet formed by condensation of vapour in an atmosphere and which is sufficiently massive to overcome atmospheric resistance and fall to a planetary surface due to gravity. raindrop A droplet of water A defined class which should be filled by inference. water droplet raindrop This is the class intended for use when describing raindrops on Earth. These typically have a diamter of 0.1 to 9 millimetres. water raindrop A solid material whose constituents, such as atoms, molecules or ions, are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. This class refers to a portion of crystal and not an individual crystal. crystal A solid material whose constituents, such as atoms, molecules or ions, are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal A crystal which is primarily composed of water ice. ice crystal envoPolar Any one of a number of macroscopic, crystalline forms in which ice appears, including hexagonal columns, hexagonal platelets, dendritic crystals, ice needles, and combinations of these forms. The crystal lattice of ice is hexagonal in its symmetry under most atmospheric conditions. water ice crystal Any one of a number of macroscopic, crystalline forms in which ice appears, including hexagonal columns, hexagonal platelets, dendritic crystals, ice needles, and combinations of these forms. The crystal lattice of ice is hexagonal in its symmetry under most atmospheric conditions. A marginal sea biome which is located in a region with a temperate climate. A component of the WWF Temperate Shelf and seas ecoregions grouping wwfBiome temperate marginal sea biome A marine biome which contains communities adapted to living in an environment determined by an upwelling process. marine upwelling biome A marine upwelling biome which is located in a region subject to temperate climate patterns. wwfBiome temperate marine upwelling biome An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a shrubs, young trees, or stunted trees.. The surfaces of this area are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. As noted in Wikipedia: "Because the criteria are matters of degree rather than of kind, the definition of a subshrub is not sharply distinguishable from that of a shrub" shrub/scrub NLCD:52 area of shrub nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of scrub or shrub are dominated by shrubs; less than 5 meters tall with shrub canopy typically greater than 20% of total vegetation. This class includes true shrubs, young trees in an early successional stage or trees stunted from environmental conditions. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not asserted in this definition. area of scrub An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a shrubs, young trees, or stunted trees.. The surfaces of this area are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.014 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subshrub https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php As noted in Wikipedia: "Because the criteria are matters of degree rather than of kind, the definition of a subshrub is not sharply distinguishable from that of a shrub" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subshrub A precipitation process is a process in which a portion of some substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved or suspended in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force. precipitation process A precipitation process is a process in which a portion of some substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved or suspended in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_%28chemistry%29 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation planted for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes interspersed by constructed or manufactured objects and materials. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. This would be helped by more clear listings of entities included in this classification. However, the class is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. developed, open space NLCD:21 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of developed open space are dominated by vegetation such as lawn grasses and include large-lot single-family housing units, parks, golf courses. Further, it is asserted that "impervious surfaces", most likely referring to concrete and related substances, cover less than 20% of the area. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not asserted in this definition. area of developed open space An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation planted for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes interspersed by constructed or manufactured objects and materials. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by sedges or forbs, possibly interpersed with grasses or grass-like plants. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. sedge/herbaceous NLCD:72 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 80% of these areas are covered by sedge or forbs. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. The NLCD description also notes that land covered by sedge tundra and sedge tussock tundra are subsumed in this category. The original definition notes that this is intended as an "Alaska only" category. area of sedge- and forb-dominated herbaceous vegetation An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by sedges or forbs, possibly interpersed with grasses or grass-like plants. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation and which is not subject to intensive management by humans. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. grassland/herbaceous NLCD:71 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 80% of these areas are covered by grasslands or non-woody, herbaceous plants. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. The NLCD description also notes that, while no "intensive" management such as tilling is performed in these areas, they may be used for grazing. area of gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation and which is not subject to intensive management by humans. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php A hydrological process in which irregular aggregates of snow fall to the surface of an astronomical body. This is currently bound to water-based snow on Earth, may need revisions for interplanetary applications 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z snow fall environmental_hazards envoCryo envoPolar snowfall A human house which serves as a long-term shelter for its inhabitants and within which they store personal property. This is under "human house" due to the broad definition of "house". This term is not to be used for hotels, hostels, inns and the like, which provides shorter-term stays. residential building An environmental system in which minimal to no anthropisation has occurred and non-human agents are the primary determinants of the system's dynamics and composition. non-anthropised environment non-anthropized environment In most contexts, 'natural' is defined by the lack of intervention or influence by humans and their activities. On Earth, most environments fall on a scale between completely natural and anthropised. natural environment An environmental system in which minimal to no anthropisation has occurred and non-human agents are the primary determinants of the system's dynamics and composition. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environment A process during which a natural environmental system is altered by human action. anthropization An area may be classified as anthropized even though it looks natural, such as grasslands that have been deforested by humans. It can be difficult to determine how much a site has been anthropized in the case of urbanization because one must be able to estimate the state of the landscape before significant human action. anthropisation A process during which a natural environmental system is altered by human action. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization An area may be classified as anthropized even though it looks natural, such as grasslands that have been deforested by humans. It can be difficult to determine how much a site has been anthropized in the case of urbanization because one must be able to estimate the state of the landscape before significant human action. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization A planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. rocky planet telluric planet Earth-like planet envoAstro terrestrial planet A planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_planet A manufactured product which is designed to catch and hold animals. envoCesab animal trap A manufactured product which is designed to catch and hold animals. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/trap A process whereby a volume of liquid moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. envoPolar This class can refer to the flow of any material in a liquid phase. mass liquid flow A process whereby a volume of liquid moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind A material transport process during which a volume of liquid water is transported due to a disequilibria in physical forces. environmental_hazards water flow process A part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the entities which have been constructed or manufactured by humans or their technology and which are within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body. envoAstro The gravitational sphere of influence referenced in this class' definition is the Hill sphere: a region in which an object dominates the attraction of satellites despite gravitational perturbations. technosphere A part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the entities which have been constructed or manufactured by humans or their technology and which are within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053019616677743 http://www.yourdictionary.com/technosphere https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/11/161130085021.htm An exchangeable device which can be connected to a plumbing system to deliver and drain water. plumbing fixture An exchangeable device which can be connected to a plumbing system to deliver and drain water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbing_fixture A planned process during which raw or recycled materials are transformed into products for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation. The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. manufacturing process A planned process during which raw or recycled materials are transformed into products for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing An process during which natural or manufactured materials and products are processed and arranged by humans or their technology into structures. The nature of "structures" must be further specified. human-directed construction process An environmental system which is determined by materials bearing roughly homogeneous qualities. Organisational class. Not intended for annotation. environmental system determined by a quality An environmental system within which an environmental material strongly influences the system's composition and properties. Organisational class. Not intended for annotation. Subclasses describe environments which are usually permeated by an environmental material. They may also describe environments which are sufficiently close to a material, that their dynamics are strongly influenced by it (e.g. a patch of forest ecosystem neighbouring a uranium dump). environmental system determined by a material An environmental system which is determined by a living organism. host-associated environment envoEmpo envoOmics environmental system determined by an organism An environmental system determined by a green plant. Plant plant environment Viridiplantae-associated environment envoEmpo envoOmics plant-associated environment Plant http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system determined by an animal. Animal animal environment Metazoan-associated environment envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics animal-associated environment Animal http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ A meteor is any matter- or energy-based entity which is located in the atmosphere of an astronomical body. envoAtmo meteor A meteor is any matter- or energy-based entity which is located in the atmosphere of an astronomical body. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/other-meteors.html A meteor which is primarily composed of water. envoAtmo hydrometeor A meteor which is primarily composed of water. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/other-meteors.html A meteor which is primarily composed of rock. envoAtmo lithometeor A lake which has formed as the result of processes that are not or are only minimally driven by human activity. This class is to be filled by inference. natural lake A process during which energy is emitted or transmitted in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. Requires addition of waves for full axiomatisation. This should be linked to "subatomic particle" with an "or". Note that ENVO represents space as an environmental material (a hard vacuum with sparse material inclusions). environmental_hazards envoAstro radiation A process during which energy is emitted or transmitted in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation A radiation process during which energy is transmitted or emitted by means of fast-moving subatomic particles. environmental_hazards envoAstro particle radiation A radiation process during which energy is transmitted or emitted by means of fast-moving subatomic particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_radiation A radiation process during which waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field propagate (radiate) through space carrying electromagnetic energy. EM radiation environmental_hazards envoAstro Note that this class is concerned only with active radiative processes: static electric and magnetic fields are not inlcuded. All electromagnetic radiation carries radiant energy. electromagnetic radiation A radiation process during which waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field propagate (radiate) through space carrying electromagnetic energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation An environment which is determined by materials which bear significant concentrations of salts. Saline envoEmpo The thresholds for "significant" concentrations of salts vary widely and thus no committment is made in this class. Subclasses with more explicit thresholds can be made upon request. saline environment Saline http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by soil. Soil (non-saline) envoEmpo envoOmics soil environment Soil (non-saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by sediment. envoEmpo envoOmics sediment environment An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by an aerosol. envoEmpo envoOmics aerosol environment An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a saline aerosol. Aerosol (saline) envoEmpo envoOmics saline aerosol environment Aerosol (saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ seaspray or other aerosolized saline material (>5 psu) An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by an aerosol with a low concentration of dissolved solutes. Aerosol (non-saline) envoEmpo envoOmics non-saline aerosol environment Aerosol (non-saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ aerosolized dust or liquid An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead animal, or a whole small animal. Animal corpus envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics environment associated with an animal part or small animal Animal corpus http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead plant, or a whole small plant. Plant corpus envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics environment associated with a plant part or small plant Plant corpus http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An astronomical body which is composed of rocky or metallic materials and is considerably smaller than asteroids. envoAstro meteoroid An astronomical body which is composed of rocky or metallic materials and is considerably smaller than asteroids. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoroid A material which is composed primarily of one or more pure metals and which shows their properties. Far more axiomatisation can be done should the qualities of metals be added to PATO or a similar quality ontology. However, note that there are many exceptions to the typical qualities of the majority of metals. metal While this class allows for some degree of contamination by non-metal substances, the material represented should show at least some of the typical features of a pure metal: hardness (except for liquid metals), opacity, lustre, malleability, fusibility, ductile and good electrical and thermal conductivity. metallic material A material which is composed primarily of one or more pure metals and which shows their properties. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal A process during which microscopic solid or liquid objects are formed. particle formation particulate matter formation process A process during which microscopic solid or liquid objects are formed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates An aerosol formation process which occurs in an atmosphere. atmospheric aerosol formation envoAtmo atmospheric aerosol formation An aerosol formation process which occurs in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A process during which an aerosol, consisting of solid particulates suspended in a gas, is formed in an atmosphere. formation of solid particles in an atmosphere envoAtmo formation of a solid aerosol in an atmosphere A process during which an aerosol, consisting of solid particulates suspended in a gas, is formed in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A process during which an aerosol, consisting of droplets of liquid suspended in gas, is formed in an atmosphere. formation of liquid droplets in an atmosphere formation of liquid particles in an atmosphere envoAtmo formation of a liquid aerosol in an atmosphere A process during which an aerosol, consisting of droplets of liquid suspended in gas, is formed in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of liquid droplets. SWEETRealm:Aerosol liquid aerosol envoAtmo aerosolised liquids An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of liquid droplets. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of solid particles. SWEETRealm:Aerosol solid aerosol envoAtmo aerosolised solids An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of solid particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. atmospheric formation of a solid aerosol formation of a solid aerosol in an atmosphere formation of a solid aerosol in the atmosphere formation of solid particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere envoAtmo formation of a solid aerosol from gaseous material in an atmosphere A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A process during which microscopic liquid droplets are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. atmospheric formation of a liquid aerosol formation of a liquid aerosol in an atmosphere formation of a liquid aerosol in the atmosphere formation of liquid droplets from gaseous material in an atmosphere formation of liquid particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere envoAtmo formation of a liquid aerosol from gaseous material in an atmosphere A process during which microscopic liquid droplets are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move. tectonic movement A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates A part of a lithosphere which is separated by other such parts by geographic faults or similar geomorphological discontinuities. tectonic plate A part of a lithosphere which is separated by other such parts by geographic faults or similar geomorphological discontinuities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates 2 A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates move towards, away from, or along one another, resulting in deformation of the lithosphere. tectonic plate boundary A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates move towards, away from, or along one another, resulting in deformation of the lithosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components. LTER:173 This class will be primarily filled by inference, any environmental system which necessarily includes living parts should be autoclassified here. ecosystem An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem LTER:173 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=173&/ecosystems Organic material which is primarily composed of plant structures, living or dead. plant matter A planet which is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium. envoAstro Gas giants are composed of about 90% hydrogen and helium. Jupiter and Saturn are examples of gas giants. gas planet A planet which is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/whatisaplanet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_planet_types https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet An ice is an environmental material which is either frozen or which is maintained in a solid state by gravitational forces or pressure. Note that ice may be formed at very high temperatures, due to gravitational effects and/or pressure. ice A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by water, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of water. An axiom to express that the planet has a 'substantial' proportion of its mass in the form of water wound enhance this class. aquaplanet panthalassic planet water world envoAstro While this planetary form is still mostly theoretical, strong candidates exist such as the extrasolar planet GJ 1214 b and ocean planet candidate Kepler-22b. ocean planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by water, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by ice, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of ice. cryoplanet envoAstro While this planetary form is still mostly theoretical, strong candidates exist such as OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, OGLE-2013-BLG-0341L b and MOA-2007-BLG-192Lb. Pluto was considered an ice planet until its reclassification in 2006 CE. Surface temperatures of ice planets would have to be below 260 K (−13°C) if composed primarily of water, below 180 K (−93°C) if primarily composed of CO2 and ammonia, and below 80 K (−193°C) if composed primarily of methane. ice planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by ice, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_planet While this planetary form is still mostly theoretical, strong candidates exist such as OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, OGLE-2013-BLG-0341L b and MOA-2007-BLG-192Lb. Pluto was considered an ice planet until its reclassification in 2006 CE. Surface temperatures of ice planets would have to be below 260 K (−13°C) if composed primarily of water, below 180 K (−93°C) if primarily composed of CO2 and ammonia, and below 80 K (−193°C) if composed primarily of methane. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_planet Ice which is primarily composed of carbon dioxide. dry ice envoAstro carbon dioxide ice Ice which is primarily composed of carbon dioxide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice A gas planet which has an atmosphere composed primarily of helium. The placement of this class assumes that some traces of hydrogen are left in the atmosphere. If this is not the case, the axiom on gas planet must be updated. envoAstro A helium planet might form via hydrogen evaporation from a gaseous planet orbiting close to a star. Low-mass white dwarfs may transition into objects which are essentially helium planets by hydrogen depletion through mass transfer to a massive object such as a neutron star. Gliese 436 b is a candidate helium planet. helium planet A gas planet which has an atmosphere composed primarily of helium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_planet A helium planet might form via hydrogen evaporation from a gaseous planet orbiting close to a star. Low-mass white dwarfs may transition into objects which are essentially helium planets by hydrogen depletion through mass transfer to a massive object such as a neutron star. Gliese 436 b is a candidate helium planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_planet A material which is composed primarily of chemical elements and compounds with relatively low boiling points, equilibrium condensation temperatures below 1300 Kelvin, and which are part of the crust or atmosphere of a moon or planet. Add and axiomatise with moon and lunar crust volatile envoAstro Examples include nitrogen, water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen, methane and sulfur dioxide. In astrogeology, these compounds, in their solid state, often comprise large proportions of the crusts of moons and dwarf planets. volatile astrogeological material A material which is composed primarily of chemical elements and compounds with relatively low boiling points, equilibrium condensation temperatures below 1300 Kelvin, and which are part of the crust or atmosphere of a moon or planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles Examples include nitrogen, water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen, methane and sulfur dioxide. In astrogeology, these compounds, in their solid state, often comprise large proportions of the crusts of moons and dwarf planets. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles An astrogeological volatile which is composed primarily of chemical compounds with boiling points around those of hydrogen and helium. gas envoAstro This is a term native to the fields of planetary science and astrophysics. Hydrogen has a boiling point of 20.271 Kelvin and a melting point of 13.99 Kelvin. Helium has a boiling point of 4.222 Kelvin and a melting point of 0.95 Kelvin. astrogeological gas An astrogeological volatile which is composed primarily of chemical compounds with boiling points around those of hydrogen and helium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles A quality which inheres in a astronomical body or astronomical body part by virtue of the variation in its material composition, participation in geological processes, and the variation in is land- and hydroforms. Materials which are usually assessed when appraising geodiversity include minerals, rocks, sediments, fossils, soils and water. Landforms factored into geodiversity metrics typically include folds, faults, and other expressions of morphology or relations between units of earth material. Natural processes that are included in measures of geodiversity are those which either maintain or change materials or geoforms, including tectonics, sediment transport, and pedogenesis. Geodiversity does not usually factor in anthropogenic entities. geodiversity A quality which inheres in a astronomical body or astronomical body part by virtue of the variation in its material composition, participation in geological processes, and the variation in is land- and hydroforms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodiversity Materials which are usually assessed when appraising geodiversity include minerals, rocks, sediments, fossils, soils and water. Landforms factored into geodiversity metrics typically include folds, faults, and other expressions of morphology or relations between units of earth material. Natural processes that are included in measures of geodiversity are those which either maintain or change materials or geoforms, including tectonics, sediment transport, and pedogenesis. Geodiversity does not usually factor in anthropogenic entities. An ecosystem which has been causally isolated from a larger ecosystem within which it was previously embedded, such that the direct exchange of materials, resources, and energy between these systems is severely or entirely curtailed. Often, ecosystem fragments are unable to sustain themselves without human intervention and management as they are not large enough to perform self-sustaining functions (e.g. nutrient recycling) or hold sufficient ecological resources such as genetic diversity of populations. ecosystem fragment A process during which one or more parts of an ecosystem become causally isolated such that the direct flow or exchange of materials, resources, and energy between a given fragment and the remainder of the original system is severely curtailed or entirely halted. ecosystem fragmentation process A process during which one or more parts of an ecosystem become causally isolated such that the direct flow or exchange of materials, resources, and energy between a given fragment and the remainder of the original system is severely curtailed or entirely halted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_decay https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat_fragmentation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_fragmentation A process during which an ecosystem, its parts, or the processes it participates in are modified by human intervention to accomplish an objective. ecosystem management Umweltmaßnahme environmental management active ecosystem management process A process during which an ecosystem, its parts, or the processes it participates in are modified by human intervention to accomplish an objective. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iv-habitatspecies-management-area Umweltmaßnahme https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9620-2832 www.awi.de/internas An environment which has its properties and composition largely determined by the presence of a metazoan which lacks a vetebral column and which has a habitat that is found in an aquatic environmental system. http://purl.jp/bio/11/meo/MEO_0000871 envoMeo envoOmics environment associated with an aquatic invertebrate http://purl.jp/bio/11/meo/MEO_0000871 Not currently live, may need to be switched to alternative PURLs. Soil which has increased levels of molecules or ions capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion) to other chemical entities, or, alternatively, capable of forming covalent bonds with other chemicals via the acceptance of an electron pair, resulting in a bulk pH measurement of less than 7. acidic soil Soil which has increased levels of molecules or ions capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion) to other chemical entities, or, alternatively, capable of forming covalent bonds with other chemicals via the acceptance of an electron pair, resulting in a bulk pH measurement of less than 7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid This class will be axiomatised with "alga" once an approach to handle this term's ambiguous semantics has been agreed with PCO. An organic material which is primarily composed of living or dead algae, along with their exudates. algal material An organic material which is primarily composed of living or dead algae, along with their exudates. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algae The surface layer of a volume of water. EcoLexicon:surface_water SWEETRealm:SurfaceWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_water surface of a body of water water body surface water surface The surface layer of a mass of sediment. surface of a sedimentary mass surface sediment sediment surface An environmental zone which is bounded by material parts of a land mass or the atmosphere or space adjacent to it. terrestrial environmental zone A terrestrial zone which is bounded by constructed, manufactured, or other anthropogenic material entities. anthropised terrestrial environmental zone A process during which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid sedimentary rock. lithification A process during which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid sedimentary rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithification An ecosystem in which grasses (Graminae) are the dominant form of vegetation and determine the system's structure and dynamics. EcoLexicon:grassland FTT:259 FTT:760 FTT:766 Geonames:V.GRSLD LTER:232 TGN:21604 TGN:54052 GRASSLAND grassland Grassland down downland downs glade grazing area herbaceous area grassland ecosystem An ecosystem in which grasses (Graminae) are the dominant form of vegetation and determine the system's structure and dynamics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassland GRASSLAND USGS:SDTS grassland Geonames:feature Grassland NASA:earthrealm down USGS:SDTS downland USGS:SDTS downs USGS:SDTS glade ADL:FTT glade USGS:SDTS grazing area ADL:FTT grazing area Getty:TGN herbaceous area USGS:SDTS A terrestrial ecosystem which is inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances does support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. EcoLexicon:wetland FTT:1001 FTT:1060 FTT:1061 FTT:1118 FTT:1180 FTT:1190 FTT:1206 FTT:1207 FTT:1226 FTT:184 FTT:185 FTT:228 FTT:281 FTT:480 FTT:716 FTT:883 FTT:934 FTT:945 FTT:983 Geonames:H.WTLD LTER:630 SPIRE:Bog SWEETRealm:Wetland TGN:21301 TGN:21304 TGN:21305 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland WETLAND Wetland EstuarineWetland LacustrineWetland MarineWetland PalustrineWetland RiparianWetland TerrestialWetland back marsh backswamp backwater barrier flat blanket bog bog cienaga dismal everglade floating marsh forested wetland marsh mire mud flat peat cutting area peatland quagmire quaking bog riparian area slash slough slue swamp forest tulelands moor morass muskeg wetland ecosystem A terrestrial ecosystem which is inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances does support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland WETLAND USGS:SDTS Wetland NASA:earthrealm EstuarineWetland NASA:earthrealm LacustrineWetland NASA:earthrealm MarineWetland NASA:earthrealm PalustrineWetland NASA:earthrealm RiparianWetland NASA:earthrealm TerrestialWetland NASA:earthrealm back marsh USGS:SDTS backswamp USGS:SDTS backwater ADL:FTT barrier flat USGS:SDTS blanket bog USGS:SDTS bog ADL:FTT bog Getty:TGN cienaga ADL:FTT dismal USGS:SDTS everglade USGS:SDTS floating marsh USGS:SDTS forested wetland ADL:FTT marsh ADL:FTT mire ADL:FTT mire USGS:SDTS mud flat ADL:FTT peat cutting area ADL:FTT peatland ADL:FTT quagmire ADL:FTT quagmire USGS:SDTS quaking bog USGS:SDTS riparian area ADL:FTT slash USGS:SDTS slough ADL:FTT slough Getty:TGN slough USGS:SDTS slue ADL:FTT swamp forest USGS:SDTS tulelands USGS:SDTS moor USGS:SDTS morass USGS:SDTS muskeg USGS:SDTS A planned process during which an environmental system is modified to mitigate or nullify the impacts of flooding. defense against flooding defence against floods defense against floods flood defence flood defence intervention flood defense flood defense intervention defence against flooding An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star. NCIT:C44445 solar radiation environmental_hazards envoAstro stellar radiation An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance solar radiation NCIT:C44445 A process during which liquid water accumulates in a site, most often in some form of container. water accumulation process A commercial building which contains parts used as workplaces primarily for administrative and managerial workers. "An office building will be divided into sections for different companies or may be dedicated to one company. In either case, each company will typically have a reception area, one or several meeting rooms, singular or open-plan offices, as well as toilets." office building A commercial building which contains parts used as workplaces primarily for administrative and managerial workers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office#Office_buildings "An office building will be divided into sections for different companies or may be dedicated to one company. In either case, each company will typically have a reception area, one or several meeting rooms, singular or open-plan offices, as well as toilets." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office#Office_buildings A building which is primarily used to facilitate the buying or selling of goods or services. "Commerce includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural and technological systems that are in operation in any country or internationally." commercial building A building which is primarily used to facilitate the buying or selling of goods or services. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_building "Commerce includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural and technological systems that are in operation in any country or internationally." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commerce A building part within which administrative work is done by an organisations users in order to support and realise the objectives of that organization. office A building part within which administrative work is done by an organisations users in order to support and realise the objectives of that organization. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office#Office_buildings A natural environment which is located on a land mass. terrestrial natural environment A natural environment which is within a water body. aquatic natural environment EcoLexicon:canopy LTER:82 SWEETRealm:Canopy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy forest canopy A canopy which is part of a woodland ecosystem. EcoLexicon:canopy LTER:82 SWEETRealm:Canopy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy woodland canopy A canopy which is composed of the aboveground portion, or crowns, of a community of crop plants. EcoLexicon:canopy LTER:82 SWEETRealm:Canopy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy crop canopy A vegetation layer which is formed by a collection of individual plant crowns, themselves constituting part of the aboveground portion of a plant community. EcoLexicon:canopy LTER:82 SWEETRealm:Canopy false canopy A vegetation layer which is formed by a collection of individual plant crowns, themselves constituting part of the aboveground portion of a plant community. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy_%28biology%29 An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities form continuous or discontinuous regions of canopy cover. The correct usage of FLOPO terms in the axiomatisation needs to be confirmed. The definitions of forest can vary greatly, and different classes will be needed to support the major categories. Tree cover alone is not enough to distinguish between forests and plantations. The international definition proposed by the 2010 FAO Forestry Resource Assessment: "land spanning more than 0.5 ha with trees higher than 5 metres and canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ . It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use." - FAO. 2010. Global forest resources assessment 2010, Main report, FAO Forestry Paper 163. Rome. forest ecosystem An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities form continuous or discontinuous regions of canopy cover. http://www.fao.org/docrep/017/ap862e/ap862e00.pdf https://www1.usgs.gov/csas/nvcs/nvcsGetUnitDetails?elementGlobalId=860217 An ecosystem which 1) is determined by communities of annual crops, perennial woody crops, or by actively tilled land, 2) is primarily used for agricultural activity, and 3) contains no village or larger human settlement. cropland ecosystem An ecosystem which 1) is determined by communities of annual crops, perennial woody crops, or by actively tilled land, 2) is primarily used for agricultural activity, and 3) contains no village or larger human settlement. An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities are spaced sufficiently far apart to allow sunlight to illuminate the understory. The correct usage of FLOPO terms in the axiomatisation needs to be confirmed. Woodland understories are often populated with communities of shrubs and herbaceous plants including grasses. There are varying distinctions between woodland and forest, with a large degree of ambiguity. woodland ecosystem An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities are spaced sufficiently far apart to allow sunlight to illuminate the understory. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodland A process during which humans rear animals or plants on land for harvest and consumption. Expand the sites of occurrence listed as axioms as new terms emerge. agriculture agricultural process A process during which humans rear animals or plants on land for harvest and consumption. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 A layer which is primarily composed of some liquid material. liquid layer A layer which is primarily composed of some solid material, allowing for non-solid parts such as interstitial pockets of gas or liquid. solid layer A solid layer which is primarily composed of some water-based ice. water ice layer A vegetated area which has not been cleared or is sparsely settled, usually scrub-covered or forested the bush "Bush" is a rather loosely defined regional term, primarily used in Australia. bush area A vegetated area which has not been cleared or is sparsely settled, usually scrub-covered or forested https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bush#h1 An environmental zone which is part of an atmosphere. atmospheric area atmospheric zone A vegetated area is a geographic feature which has ground cover dominated by plant communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar vegetated area A liquid astronomical body part which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of liquid water and is held in shape or sustained by an environmental process. Should create links to envrionmental process with new relation like "sustained_by" Similar, in spirit, to landform. hydroform Should create links to envrionmental process with new relation like "sustained_by" ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A liquid surface layer which is in contact with air. liquid air-water interface layer A surface layer which is composed primarily of some liquid. liquid surface layer A surface layer which is composed primarily of solid environmental material. solid surface layer A body of water which is primarily composed of saline water. saline body of water This class has its subclasses populated by inference. saline water body A material transport process during which a volume of material is displaced due to a disequilibrium in physical forces and during which 1) the qualities that inhere in that volume and 2) the processes that are unfolding within it are largely unchanged. advective transport Advective processes are disjoint from diffusive processes. Typically, fluids are advected. advective transport process A material transport process during which a volume of material is displaced due to a disequilibrium in physical forces and during which 1) the qualities that inhere in that volume and 2) the processes that are unfolding within it are largely unchanged. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advection https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensive_and_extensive_properties A water flow process during which movements of water masses caused by varying gravitational and rotational forces from astronomical bodies, combined with the rotation of the astronomical body containing the water mass, cause waters to undergo periodic depth oscillations (tides). tidal flow envoCmecs envoMarine tidal flow process An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one location on the surface of an astronomical body, transporting it to another location where it is deposited. erosion An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one location on the surface of an astronomical body, transporting it to another location where it is deposited. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion A landform which has been rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall, and which loses more liquid water by evapotranspiration than is supplied by precipitation. desert A process during which particles suspended in a gaseous medium are formed. new particle formation process envoAtmo aerosolised particle formation process A process during which particles suspended in a gaseous medium are formed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A material transport process during which solid or liquid particles are directly introduced into a volume of gas. primary aerosol formation primary aerosol formation process A material transport process during which solid or liquid particles are directly introduced into a volume of gas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates An organic environmental material which is primarily composed of gill tissue. gill tissue material An anthropogenic environment which is bounded by the building envelope of a laboratory and in which a system of manufactured products exert control on one or more of its environmental conditions. laboratory environment A research facility in which systems of manufactured products control internal conditions and in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. research laboratory laboratory facility A research facility in which systems of manufactured products control internal conditions and in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory An anthropisation process during which terrestrial environments - natural or anthropised - or parts thereof are altered to facilitate human activities such as agriculture, settlement, or commerce. land conversion land development Further examples include subdividing real estate into lots, typically for the purpose of building homes and converting unused factories into condominia. land conversion process An anthropisation process during which terrestrial environments - natural or anthropised - or parts thereof are altered to facilitate human activities such as agriculture, settlement, or commerce. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_development Further examples include subdividing real estate into lots, typically for the purpose of building homes and converting unused factories into condominia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_development A land conversion process during which terrestrial ecosystems are altered to facilitate agricultural activities such as crop cultivation or the rearing of livestock. agricultural land conversion This process typically relies on the conversion and development of forests, savannas or grassland. Creation of farmland from wasteland, deserts or previous impervious surfaces is considerably less frequent because of the presence of degraded soil or the lack of fertile soil. agricultural land conversion process A land conversion process during which terrestrial ecosystems are altered to facilitate agricultural activities such as crop cultivation or the rearing of livestock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_development This process typically relies on the conversion and development of forests, savannas or grassland. Creation of farmland from wasteland, deserts or previous impervious surfaces is considerably less frequent because of the presence of degraded soil or the lack of fertile soil. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_development An anthropogenic environmental process which includes all human activities undertaken in a natural, semi-natural, or anthropised environment. There are multiple systems of land use classification. This hierarchy aims to be generally applicable, but national systems can be added on request. land use process An anthropogenic environmental process which includes all human activities undertaken in a natural, semi-natural, or anthropised environment. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use A land use process during which materials of economic value are extracted from a planet, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit. mining terrestrial mining A land use process during which materials of economic value are extracted from a planet, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/14837 A process during which an ecosystem - natural or anthropised - is changed by the actions of humans. anthropogenic ecosystem conversion process A planned process during which humans access and obtain resources, benefits, or services from a natural or anthropised ecosystem. planned environmental usage process A planned environmental usage process during which a non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or water is extracted from an ecosystem. mining A planned environmental usage process during which a non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or water is extracted from an ecosystem. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/14837 A mining process which occurs in a marine ecosystem. marine mining A mining process during which coal is extracted from the rocky portion of an astronomical body. This may be either terrestrial or marine. coal mining A mining process during which coal is extracted from the rocky portion of an astronomical body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/1507 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment facilitates the movement of materials and material objects (persons or goods) from place to place, typically with the assistance of a vehicle. transportation usage of an environment for transportation A planned environmental usage process during which an environment facilitates the movement of materials and material objects (persons or goods) from place to place, typically with the assistance of a vehicle. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/8641 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports 1) enterprises concerned with the provision to the public of essentials, such as electricity or water or 2) the basic network or foundation of capital facilities or community investments which are necessary to support economic and community activities. transportation usage of an environment for infrastructure and utilities A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports 1) enterprises concerned with the provision to the public of essentials, such as electricity or water or 2) the basic network or foundation of capital facilities or community investments which are necessary to support economic and community activities. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/4321 https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/6822 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports the settlement and dwelling of a community of humans. residential This class does not include environments which are primarily used for commerce or industry. usage of an environment for residential activity A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports the settlement and dwelling of a community of humans. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/7143 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports manufacturing facilities producing commodities that are sold with the expectation of recovering the total cost of production. This class includes environments used to support the facilities engaged with a broad variety of manufacturing activities from food and tobacco, to textiles, metals, vehicles, and chemicals. usage of an environment for industry A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports manufacturing facilities producing commodities that are sold with the expectation of recovering the total cost of production. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/4279 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports facilities associated with commerce or the earning of a livelihood through means other than manufacturing or the provision of a public service. This class includes activities carried out in commercial offices, meeting centres, art studios, recording studios, film sets, warehouses, and distribution centres. usage of an environment for business A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports facilities associated with commerce or the earning of a livelihood through means other than manufacturing or the provision of a public service. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/1084 A liquid astronomical body part which is continuous and is delimited by physical discontinuities or non-liquid boundaries. body of liquid A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of liquid material. liquid astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of gaseous material. gaseous astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of fluid. 2018-10-04T13:59:22Z fluid astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of fluid. A building which is primarily used for the long-term habitation of humans. 2018-10-04T14:04:49Z domestic building A building which is primarily used for the long-term habitation of humans. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_building A surface layer where the solid or liquid material of an astronomical body comes into contact with an atmosphere or outer space. 2018-10-04T16:55:57Z land surface a useful class: this can be used to define sub-terrestrial and sub-marine entities surface of an astronomical body A vehicle which is able to travel through air in an atmosphere. 2018-10-04T19:28:01Z aircraft A vehicle which is able to travel through air in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft An elevation which is flattened across its highest surface. 2018-10-05T21:12:47Z flattened elevation A pollution process during which artificial light with wavelengths in the visible spectrum is released into the environment. 2019-01-09T09:05:35Z Lichtverschmutzung This form of pollution is typically the result of urbanisation or similar land use change. anthropogenic light pollution Lichtverschmutzung INTERNAS:WS2 http://www.awi.de/internas An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a manufactured product. 2019-01-09T09:07:24Z anthropogenic radiation artificial radiation environmental_hazards envoAstro radiation from a manufactured product An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a manufactured product. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance Radiation from a manufactured product during which light between the wavelenghts of 380 nm and 760 nm is emitted. 2019-01-09T09:21:10Z optical radiation from a manufactured product visible spectrum radiation from a manufactured product Radiation from a manufactured product during which light between the wavelenghts of 380 nm and 760 nm is emitted. A material transformation process during which a material's viscosity increase either through a reduction in temperature, through chemical reactions, or other physical effects. 2019-01-14T18:47:32Z congelation congelation process Sometimes the increase in viscosity is great enough to crystallize or solidify the substance in question. material congelation process A material transformation process during which a material's viscosity increase either through a reduction in temperature, through chemical reactions, or other physical effects. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congelation Sometimes the increase in viscosity is great enough to crystallize or solidify the substance in question. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congelation Land which is below the freezing point of water. 2019-01-14T21:18:19Z http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/FrozenGround frozen ground Perennially and seasonally frozen ground can vary from being partially to extensively frozen depending on the extent of the phase change. It may be described as hard frozen ground, plastic frozen ground, or dry frozen ground, depending on the pore ice and unfrozen water contents and its compressibility under load. frozen land Land which is below the freezing point of water. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Perennially and seasonally frozen ground can vary from being partially to extensively frozen depending on the extent of the phase change. It may be described as hard frozen ground, plastic frozen ground, or dry frozen ground, depending on the pore ice and unfrozen water contents and its compressibility under load. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Soil which is below the freezing point of water. 2019-01-14T21:26:59Z frozen soil A material congelation process during which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its melting point. 2019-01-31T21:13:16Z envoCryo envoPolar freezing A material congelation process during which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its melting point. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freezing A freezing process during which liquid water is transformed into water ice. 2019-01-31T21:16:46Z freezing of water into water ice A water surface that is part of a water body. 2019-02-27T21:22:13Z surface layer of a water body An aggregate of raindrops falling to a planetary surface during a precipitation process. 2019-03-02T13:50:58Z rain Rain which is composed of water droplets falling to a planetary surface during a rainfall process. 2019-03-02T13:52:48Z water-based rain An ecoregion which is located on a landmass. 2019-03-05T17:40:44Z https://www.worldwildlife.org/biome-categories/terrestrial-ecoregions terrestrial ecoregion A surface layer which is part of an ocean or sea. 2019-03-06T01:22:01Z envoMarine envoPlastics At this level, the depth of this layer is ambiguous. Some methods (telemetry) measure only the first few centimeters of the sea or ocean surface. In situ methods often sample the first few meters. Subclasses can be created for such cases. Sea surface layer is also used to refer to the surfaces of oceans. sea surface layer A hydroform which is maintained by a continuous, directed movement of water, generated by disequilibria in a water mass. 2019-03-19T16:31:41Z Depth contours, shoreline configurations and interaction with other currents influence a current's direction and strength. water current A layer which is part of a cryosphere. 2019-04-09T13:05:25Z envoPolar cryospheric layer Permafrost which contains inclusions of water-based ice. 2019-04-09T13:45:40Z ice-bearing permafrost A material accumulation process during which the mass of snow on a surface increases. 2019-04-24T18:29:18Z http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation This term is used both as a process and as an amount of mass added. Semantically speaking these are two distinct concepts (e.g., accumulation results in accumulation_amount of ice or snow gain), though accumulation_amount would more likely be an attribute. The scope of this term varies depending on the definition. Some definitions constrain themselves snow or ice added to glaciers; while others also include ice fields, snow cover, and/or floating ice. How to resolve this depends on the scope desired. Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which would be useful for connecting glacier ontologies to atmospheric, hydrologic, etc. ontologies. This information should be captured no matter how the inconsistencies above are resolved. snow accumulation process A material accumulation process during which the mass of snow on a surface increases. A material accumulation process during which ice forms in an environmental material or an existing accumulation of ice increases in mass. 2019-04-24T18:48:53Z http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation ice accumulation process A material accumulation process during which ice forms in an environmental material or an existing accumulation of ice increases in mass. A material accumulation process during which a accumulation of snow and ice forms or increases in mass. 2019-04-24T18:59:45Z http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation snow and ice accumulation process A material accumulation process during which a accumulation of snow and ice forms or increases in mass. A object which is composed primarily of water-based snow and ice. 2019-04-24T19:08:03Z http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation mass of ice and snow A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from liquid materials in an atmosphere. 2019-05-30T21:07:51Z atmospheric formation of a solid aerosol formation of a solid aerosol in an atmosphere formation of a solid aerosol in the atmosphere formation of solid particles from liquid material in an atmosphere envoAtmo formation of a solid aerosol from liquid material in an atmosphere A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from liquid materials in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates That part of an atmosphere which is composed of gaseous material. 2019-06-02T07:52:47Z gaseous part of an atmosphere A solid material which does not have a regularly organised internal structure. 2019-06-02T11:07:47Z amorphous solid An aerosol that is suspended in an atmosphere. 2019-06-03T12:24:09Z atmospheric aerosol A material transformation process during which solid or liquid particles form and are suspended in a mass of air, thus creating an aerosol. 2019-06-24T13:43:29Z aerosol formation process A surface layer which is composed primarily of some liquid or gas. 2019-08-20T08:28:42Z fluid surface layer A surface layer which separates two portions of fluid with respect to either 1) a discontinuity of some fluid property or 2) some derivative of one of these properties in a direction normal to the interface. 2019-07-22T17:29:44Z fluid interface layer A surface layer which separates two portions of fluid with respect to either 1) a discontinuity of some fluid property or 2) some derivative of one of these properties in a direction normal to the interface. A layer which is composed primarily of some fluid. 2019-07-22T17:35:08Z fluid layer A fluid interface which separates two fluid masses with differing properties. 2019-07-22T17:43:32Z fluid front A fluid interface which separates two fluid masses with differing properties. A fluid front which is composed primarily of gaseous material and separates at least two gaseous masses. 2019-07-22T17:50:08Z gaseous front 2 A gaseous front which separates two masses of air with different densities and is a principal cause of meteorological phenomena. 2019-07-22T17:57:21Z meteorological front envoAtmo This class refers to Earth's weather fronts. Other forms, not composed of air, are present on other planets and can be created on request. Note: "Since the temperature distribution is the most important regulator of atmospheric density, a front almost invariably separates air masses of different temperature. Along with the basic density criterion and the common temperature criterion, many other features may distinguish a front, such as a pressure trough, a change in wind direction, a moisture discontinuity, and certain characteristic cloud and precipitation forms." weather front A gaseous front which separates two masses of air with different densities and is a principal cause of meteorological phenomena. This class refers to Earth's weather fronts. Other forms, not composed of air, are present on other planets and can be created on request. Note: "Since the temperature distribution is the most important regulator of atmospheric density, a front almost invariably separates air masses of different temperature. Along with the basic density criterion and the common temperature criterion, many other features may distinguish a front, such as a pressure trough, a change in wind direction, a moisture discontinuity, and certain characteristic cloud and precipitation forms." An object which is composed of a continuous mass of air. 2019-08-20T07:54:32Z envoAtmo air mass A fluid surface layer which is composed primarily of some gaseous material. 2019-08-20T08:30:01Z gaseous surface layer A layer which separates two portions of environmental material which possess 1) differing compositions, 2) a discontinuity of some property, or 3) some derivative of some property in a direction normal to the interface. 2019-08-20T09:28:10Z interface layer An object which is composed primarily of an environmental material 2019-08-20T09:38:29Z This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of environmental material An mass of environmental material which is composed primarily of a solid environmental material 2019-08-20T09:41:27Z This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of solid material An object which is composed primarily of a fluid. 2019-08-20T09:42:35Z fluid mass This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of fluid An object which is composed primarily of a gas. 2019-08-20T09:44:01Z gaseous mass This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of gas An object which is composed primarily of a liquid. 2019-08-20T09:45:03Z liquid mass This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of liquid 2 An mass of environmental materials which has appreciable quantities of several individual materials, such that the removal of one would convert the mass into a different entity. 2019-08-20T09:47:10Z mass of compounded environmental materials A weather front which separates air masses of tropical and polar origin. 2019-08-20T13:46:42Z envoAtmo envoPolar polar front A weather front which separates air masses of tropical and polar origin. An environment which has a climate with continually high temperatures and with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. 2019-08-20T13:58:38Z tropical environment An environment which has a climate with continually high temperatures and with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. An environment which has a climate with warm temperatures and with meagre precipitation. 2019-08-20T14:50:35Z subtropical environment An environment which has a climate with warm temperatures and with meagre precipitation. An environment which is located in a part of an astronomical body subject to polar climatic conditions. 2019-08-20T14:53:26Z polar environment An environment which is located in a part of an astronomical body subject to polar climatic conditions. An environment which is located in a part of an astronomical body subject to subpolar climatic conditions. 2019-08-20T16:37:32Z subpolar environment An environment which is located in a part of an astronomical body subject to subpolar climatic conditions. An environment which is located in a part of an astronomical body subject to temperate climatic conditions. 2019-08-20T16:41:52Z temperate environment An environment which is located in a part of an astronomical body subject to temperate climatic conditions. An advective transport process during which a fluid moves. 2019-09-05T05:47:26Z mass fluid flow A wind storm during which strong gusts of wind occur, transporting atmospheric gas in a linear fashion. 2019-09-05T06:04:47Z hurricane of the prairie plough winds thundergust straight-line wind A wind storm during which strong gusts of wind occur, transporting atmospheric gas in a linear fashion. A process during which the ability of a material entity to maintain its internal organisation fails, resulting in deformation and a breakdown of that organisation. 2019-10-07T10:08:24Z This is a very general concept, and should likely be elevated to OBO Core rather than held in ENVO. structural collapse process A process during which the ability of a material entity to maintain its internal organisation fails, resulting in deformation and a breakdown of that organisation. An environmental zone which includes those regions of an astronomical body which are not exposed to its atmosphere or space. 2019-10-07T14:22:38Z subsurface zone of an astronomical body An ecosystem in which the composition, structure, and function of resident ecological assemblages are primarily determined by a desert. 2019-10-17T08:21:08Z desert ecosystem A solid astronomical body part which is part of the landmass of that body. 2019-10-17T08:27:17Z part of a landmass A large continuous area of land, either surrounded by sea or contiguous with another landmass. 2019-10-17T08:31:26Z landmass A large continuous area of land, either surrounded by sea or contiguous with another landmass. A part of an astronomical body which is composed of a continuous medium bearing liquid, gaseous, and solid material in variable quantities. 2019-10-17T08:36:00Z compound astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is composed of a continuous medium bearing liquid, gaseous, and solid material in variable quantities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landform A surface layer of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material and is not covered by oceans or other bodies of water. 2019-10-21T10:42:26Z land A surface layer of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material and is not covered by oceans or other bodies of water. 2019-10-21T11:05:45Z aquatic ecosystem 2019-10-21T11:06:11Z marine ecosystem An ecosystem which primarily occurs on land. 2019-10-21T11:09:58Z terrestrial ecosystem A broadleaf forest which is subject to tropical climate conditions. 2019-10-21T11:38:45Z tropical broadleaf forest A broadleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate conditions. 2019-10-21T11:42:38Z temperate broadleaf forest An environmental process either driven by or primarily impacting the parts or emergent properties of an ecosystem. 2019-10-21T11:52:55Z ecosystem process A mixed forest which is subject to temperate climatic conditions. 2019-10-27T15:52:50Z temperate mixed forest A mixed forest which is subject to tropical climatic conditions. 2019-10-27T16:02:01Z tropical mixed forest A tropical mixed forest in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state. 2019-10-27T16:05:39Z wwfBiome tropical mixed forest biome A forest ecosystem which is subject to tropical climate conditions. 2019-10-27T16:43:20Z This class is primarily to be populated by inference. tropical forest A forest ecosystem which is subject to subtropical climate conditions. 2019-10-27T16:45:16Z This class is primarily to be populated by inference. subtropical forest A forest ecosystem which is subject to temperate climate conditions. 2019-10-27T16:46:49Z This class is primarily to be populated by inference. temperate forest A grassland ecosystem which is subject to tropical climatic conditions. 2019-10-27T16:58:09Z tropical grassland A grassland which is subject to subtropical climatic conditions. 2019-10-27T17:00:35Z subtropical grassland 2019-10-27T17:00:35Z temperate grassland A material entity which has been assembled through the intentional, instinctual, or deliberately programmed efforts of an organism or machine. 2019-10-29T14:50:34Z construction An object which is formed as a result of one or more biological processes and is composed primarily of organic material. 2019-10-29T15:02:58Z organic object An ecosystem process during which the species composition of an ecosystem gradually changes as species which are more adapted to the prevailing conditions in the ecosystem replace those which are less adapted. 2023-09-07T13:10:32Z ecological succession An ecosystem process during which the species composition of an ecosystem gradually changes as species which are more adapted to the prevailing conditions in the ecosystem replace those which are less adapted. An ecological succession process during which 1) organisms in ecological communities possess high adaptation to the conditions in the ecosystem, 2) participant communities largely fill available niches, 3) individual organisms are typically replaced by others of the same species, 4) a near equilibrium is maintained between gross primary production and total respiration and across biogeochemical cycles. 2023-09-07T13:35:09Z climactic ecological succession An ecological succession process during which 1) organisms in ecological communities possess high adaptation to the conditions in the ecosystem, 2) participant communities largely fill available niches, 3) individual organisms are typically replaced by others of the same species, 4) a near equilibrium is maintained between gross primary production and total respiration and across biogeochemical cycles. An ecosystem which is formed as a result of human activity or impact. 2023-09-07T16:56:05Z anthropised ecosystem An anthropised ecosystem which is determined by the presence of humans and their constructions. 2023-09-07T16:58:25Z human settlement A biome which is subject to tropical climatic conditions. 2019-11-06T15:56:17Z tropical biome A biome which is subject to temperate climatic conditions. 2019-11-06T15:57:04Z temperate biome A biome which is subject to subtropical climatic conditions. 2019-11-06T15:57:36Z subtropical biome A biome which is subject to subpolar climatic conditions. 2019-11-06T15:58:56Z subpolar biome A biome which is subject to alpine altitudinal conditions. 2019-11-06T15:59:35Z alpine biome A biome which is subject to montane altitudinal conditions. 2019-11-06T16:00:33Z montane biome A biome which is subject to arid environmental conditions. 2019-11-06T16:06:47Z arid biome A process during which one entity loses energy to another entity. 2020-02-13T13:34:28Z energy transfer process A material accumulation process during which the volume of liquid entity increases. 2020-05-18T14:39:20Z liquid accumulation process An atmospheric wind which 1) has an increased rate relative to other winds in the same region and 2) is followed by a lull. 2020-05-19T21:47:51Z gust According to U.S. weather observing practice, gusts are reported when the peak wind speed reaches at least 16 knots and the variation in wind speed between the peaks and lulls is at least 9 knots. The duration of a gust is usually less than 20 seconds. wind gust An atmospheric wind which 1) has an increased rate relative to other winds in the same region and 2) is followed by a lull. According to U.S. weather observing practice, gusts are reported when the peak wind speed reaches at least 16 knots and the variation in wind speed between the peaks and lulls is at least 9 knots. The duration of a gust is usually less than 20 seconds. The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in air that is part of an atmosphere. 2020-05-19T22:51:38Z envoAtmo envoNceas concentration of carbon dioxide in an atmosphere A landform which occurs on the surface of an astronomical body. 2021-05-15T09:16:23Z geographic feature The usage of "surface" here aligns with that of planetary surface: in contact with the atmosphere or space. The extent of the "surface" can vary. For rocky planets like Earth, astrogeologists consider the crust as the surface. surface landform A solid astronomical body part which has been formed from and is composed primarily of the matter of that astronomical body. 2021-05-15T09:40:37Z Landforms may be natural or anthropogenic. This term has often has loose usage when referencing entities which are either subterranean or submerged below water bodies. In some cases, oceans themselves are considered landforms. Here, we have provided subclasses to resolve this ambiguity, but place oceans and other water bodies elsewhere.In later revisions, this hiearchy is likely to be reordered based on the formation processes of the entities within it. landform A solid astronomical body part which has been formed from and is composed primarily of the matter of that astronomical body. A disposition of a material entity which is realised when it is saturated with liquid water. water-holding capacity A mass of solid material which is either 1) a minute fragment of a larger mass or 2) one of a collection of small masses composing an aggregate. grain particle A mass of solid material which is either 1) a minute fragment of a larger mass or 2) one of a collection of small masses composing an aggregate. A particle which 1) is composed primarily of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate minerals, in turn composed of aluminium and silicon ions bonded into tiny, thin plates by interconnecting oxygen and hydroxide ions, and 2) is or was part of a portion of clay. clay particle The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. particle of clay A particle which 1) is composed primarily of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate minerals, in turn composed of aluminium and silicon ions bonded into tiny, thin plates by interconnecting oxygen and hydroxide ions, and 2) is or was part of a portion of clay. The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. A material transport process which arises spontaneously due to physical heterogeneities in a portion of a material and forces which act throughout its volume. Most commonly, convective flows are generated by heterogeneities in density or the effects of gravity. When the cause of the convection is unspecified, convection due to the effects of thermal expansion and buoyancy can be assumed. Convection frequently occurs in fluids, but may also take place in soft solids or mixtures where particles can flow. convective transport process A material transport process which arises spontaneously due to physical heterogeneities in a portion of a material and forces which act throughout its volume. Most commonly, convective flows are generated by heterogeneities in density or the effects of gravity. When the cause of the convection is unspecified, convection due to the effects of thermal expansion and buoyancy can be assumed. Convection frequently occurs in fluids, but may also take place in soft solids or mixtures where particles can flow. A physical quality of a process which is characteristic of processes that transport material within a volume due to the combined effects of material property heterogeneity and body forces across that volume. convective A physical quality of a process which is characteristic of processes that transport material within a volume due to the combined effects of material property heterogeneity and body forces across that volume. A physical quality of a process which is characteristic of process that transport material without, themselves, changing the qualities of those materials or the processes that are unfolding within them. advective A physical quality of a process which is characteristic of process that transport material without, themselves, changing the qualities of those materials or the processes that are unfolding within them. A material transport process during which material moves from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. diffusion Diffusion is also applied to the movement of energy, thus the more specific label. This class will be repositioned (but with the core of its definition intact) if we include other forms of diffusion in ENVO. material diffusion process A material transport process during which material moves from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. A combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. coal A combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. iron mine uranium mine a type of rock that contains sufficient minerals with important elements including metals that can be economically extracted from the rock. ore Ore which contains uranium. The primary uranium ore mineral is uraninite uranium ore iron ore gold ore platinum ore Dust which is derived from coal. coal dust Dust which is derived from mineral material. mineral dust Dust which is composed primarily of some metallic material. metallic dust cement dust Dust which is derived from clay material. clay dust dust from plant parts A surface mine that utilizes a technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow. open-pit mine A surface mine that utilizes a technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow. A human construction which is used to initiate and control a fission nuclear chain reaction or nuclear fusion reactions. nuclear reactor A human construction which is used to initiate and control a fission nuclear chain reaction or nuclear fusion reactions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reactor A nuclear reactor which is used as a source of power. power reactor nuclear power reactor A nuclear reactor which is used as a source of power. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reactor An environmental material which is unable to resist shear forces and continuously deforms when subject to them. fluid fluid environmental material An environmental material which is unable to resist shear forces and continuously deforms when subject to them. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/940 A process in which includes the components of an environmental system as participants. This is a convenience class for organisation and should not be used for annotation. environmental system process A type of land degradation in which terrestrial ecosystem becomes increasingly dry, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife. desertification A type of land degradation in which terrestrial ecosystem becomes increasingly dry, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife. A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland and/or tidal waters, and/or the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source. A great flow along a watercourse or a flow causing inundation of lands not normally covered by water. environmental_hazards flooding A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland and/or tidal waters, and/or the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source. A great flow along a watercourse or a flow causing inundation of lands not normally covered by water. GEMET: http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/3301 A process which occurs within an atmosphere. This class will be populated by inference and is primarily organisational. atmospheric process A process which diminishes the functioning of an ecosystem located on land. An SDGIO request. Likely to be refined and revised. This could include, for example, reducing soil health, pollinator activity, or an ecosystem's ability to sequester carbon. land degradation A process which diminishes the functioning of an ecosystem located on land. http://www.who.int/globalchange/ecosystems/desert/en/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_degradation Establishment of a new forest by seeding or planting of nonforested land. Prior to afforestation, the land cover of a region must not include forests. afforestation Establishment of a new forest by seeding or planting of nonforested land. GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/167 An ecosystem process during which the flora and fauna belonging to a forest are removed or destroyed. clearance clearing deforestation An ecosystem process during which the flora and fauna belonging to a forest are removed or destroyed. http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/2036 To be populated through inference. Do not use for annotation. forest process forest area expansion A process during which humans apply technology to alter the magnitude, duration, rate, or impact of an environmental process. Relabel the obo foundry unique label to be generic process anthropogenic modulatory intervention process An environmental process which is driven by the action of humans. anthropogenic environmental process An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one part of a planet's crust, transporting it to another location where it is deposited. envoPolar planetary erosion An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one part of a planet's crust, transporting it to another location where it is deposited. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion An environmental process which has water - in any of its states - as a participant. This classes asserted subclasses will be moved away as it should be an inferred class. hydrological process A planned process during which human agents establish plant communities in ecosystems which have previously been, partially or wholly, stripped of existing plant communities. planned revegetation An environmental system process that results in the introduction of contaminants into an environment. pollution environmental_hazards Pollutants may be material or immaterial (e.g. heat energy) environmental pollution An environmental system process that results in the introduction of contaminants into an environment. A pollution process during which particulates or other contaminants are released into a portion of air. environmental_hazards envoPolar air pollution A pollution process during which contaminants are released into soil. environmental_hazards envoPolar soil pollution A pollution process during which contaminants are released into soil. A pollution process during which contaminants are released into water. environmental_hazards envoPolar water pollution An process in which environmental parameters and variables are continually assayed. monitoring environmental monitoring A planned process during which the amount of pollutants released into an environmental system is regulated. pollution prevention pollution control A monitoring process that assays the level of environmental pollutants to determine the presence of effect of environmental pollution. envoPolar pollution monitoring A physical process during which atoms, molecules, or other consituents of a material entity are forced closer together. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar compaction process A physical process during which atoms, molecules, or other consituents of a material entity are forced closer together. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compaction A process during which the mass of one or more materials, present within a given site, increases. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation. A material accumulation process ends a material transport process. material accumulation process A process during which material is displaced from its original location and transported either to a new location or back to the original location. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation. material transport process A depression which is part of a planetary crust, is of geographic scale, and is partially or completely enclosed. The general semantics of depression and geographic basin are still to be worked out see https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/486 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar geographic basin A depression which is part of a planetary crust, is of geographic scale, and is partially or completely enclosed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basin Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of carbon particles formed through the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar soot Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of carbon particles formed through the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soot Sediment which has been transported through the marine water column, settling on the seafloor. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 marine sediments envoPolar Particles of marine sediment are primarily generated by 1) processes in terrestrial systems and transported to the marine realm by the action of rivers or aeolian processes (amongst other routes) , 2) marine organisms, 3) chemical processes in seawater, or 4) cosmogeneous input. marine sediment Sediment which has been transported through the marine water column, settling on the seafloor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic_sediment#_note-8 A material accumulation process during which solid particles are pulled through a water body by gravitation or centrifugal force and which ends when they settle on a solid surface. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar sedimentation in a water body A process during which a portion of some environmental material is converted into a different material or a collection of materials. A different material transformation process class (or similarly named class) pertaining to the conversion of a specific chemical into another belongs in CHEBI and or REX ontologies. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation. A material transformation process only refers to ENVO:environmental material classes (e.g. bulk and typically impure substances), rather than transformations converting a specific chemical into another. material transformation process A desublimation process during which water vapour is frozen into water ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar desublimation of water vapour into ice A solid astronomical body part which is primarily composed of a continuous mass of snow and/or ice. Place holder class. Also the axiom should be changed to something along the lines of 'primairly composed of’ some ‘environmental material’ and ‘has quality’ frozen once PATO:frozen is imported. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar cryoform A mass of snow. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 accumulation of snow snow accumulation http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation envoPolar snow mass A water-based rainfall process during which water droplets with increased acidity fall towards a planetary surface. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-3420 acid rain On Earth, the acidity of raindrops is typically increased through interactions of water molecules with sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxide, released into the atmosphere by natural or anthropogenic processes. acid rainfall A water-based rainfall process during which water droplets with increased acidity fall towards a planetary surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rain Water-based rain which has increased acidity. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-3420 acid rain On Earth, the acidity of raindrops is typically increased through interactions of water molecules with sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxide, released into the atmosphere by natural or anthropogenic processes. acidic water-based rain Water-based rain which has increased acidity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rain An astronomical body part which is composed primarily of environmental materials in their frozen form. For the moment the definition links to liquid water but in the future we might need to link to other materials for other planets, e.g., Mars. Need to make this planet agnostic. Might want to not have the definition link to years as some astronomical body parts might not be in systems with years. Note that in a strict sense, rocks are also frozen but in a practical sense we use terms like "solidified". This maybe something to revist if we add more astrogelogical content. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z envoCryo envoPolar The term generally refers to the portions of the Earth where water is in solid form, including snow cover, floating ice, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, seasonally frozen ground and perennially frozen ground (permafrost). The Cryosphere may be divided into the cryoatmosphere, the cryohydrosphere (snow cover, glaciers, and river, lake and sea Ice) and the cryolithosphere (perennially and seasonally cryotic ground, rock glacier). Some definitions consider the cryosphere to include any area of Earth which is sufficiently cold for pure water to freeze for at least a part of each year. It should be noted that "Some authorities exclude the earth's atmosphere from the Earth's Cryosphere; others restrict the term Cryosphere to the regions of the earth's crust where Permafrost exists." Definitions of Cryosphere come from several glossaries including: - PhysicalGeography.net http://physicalgeography.net/ - van Everdingen, Robert, ed., 2005 (1998 revised May 2005). Multi-language glossary of permafrost and related ground-ice terms. Boulder, CO: National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology. [https://globalcryospherewatch.org/reference/glossary_docs/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Ground-Ice_IPA_2005.pdf] - American Meteorological Society, 2015. Glossary of Meteorology [online], Available at: http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Main_Page. [Accessed 27/01/2017]. - EU Climate-ADAPT (The European Climate Adaptation Platform), no date, Glossary, Available from: http://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/glossary - IPCC, 2014: Annex II: Glossary [Agard, J., Schipper, E. L. F., (ed.)]. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Birkmann, J., Campos, M., Dubeux, C., Nojiri, Y., Olsson, L., Osman-Elasha, B., Pelling, M., Prather, M. J., Rivera-Ferre M. G., Ruppel, O. C., Sallenger, A., Smith, K. R., St. Clair, A. L.,]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. [Link] - NSIDC, The National Snow and Ice Data Center glossary is available at https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary, Last accessed [26/01/2016]. - Trombotto, D., P. Wainstein & L. Arenson, 2014, Guía Terminológica de la Geocriología Sudamericana” / “Terminological Guide of the South American Geocryology, 1a ed. 128 pp. [Link] - UNESCO-WMO, 2012, International Glossary of Hydrology, 3rd edition, WMO-No. 385. [Link] cryosphere An astronomical body part which is composed primarily of environmental materials in their frozen form. The term generally refers to the portions of the Earth where water is in solid form, including snow cover, floating ice, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, seasonally frozen ground and perennially frozen ground (permafrost). The Cryosphere may be divided into the cryoatmosphere, the cryohydrosphere (snow cover, glaciers, and river, lake and sea Ice) and the cryolithosphere (perennially and seasonally cryotic ground, rock glacier). Some definitions consider the cryosphere to include any area of Earth which is sufficiently cold for pure water to freeze for at least a part of each year. It should be noted that "Some authorities exclude the earth's atmosphere from the Earth's Cryosphere; others restrict the term Cryosphere to the regions of the earth's crust where Permafrost exists." Definitions of Cryosphere come from several glossaries including: - PhysicalGeography.net http://physicalgeography.net/ - van Everdingen, Robert, ed., 2005 (1998 revised May 2005). Multi-language glossary of permafrost and related ground-ice terms. Boulder, CO: National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology. [https://globalcryospherewatch.org/reference/glossary_docs/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Ground-Ice_IPA_2005.pdf] - American Meteorological Society, 2015. Glossary of Meteorology [online], Available at: http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Main_Page. [Accessed 27/01/2017]. - EU Climate-ADAPT (The European Climate Adaptation Platform), no date, Glossary, Available from: http://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/glossary - IPCC, 2014: Annex II: Glossary [Agard, J., Schipper, E. L. F., (ed.)]. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Birkmann, J., Campos, M., Dubeux, C., Nojiri, Y., Olsson, L., Osman-Elasha, B., Pelling, M., Prather, M. J., Rivera-Ferre M. G., Ruppel, O. C., Sallenger, A., Smith, K. R., St. Clair, A. L.,]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. [Link] - NSIDC, The National Snow and Ice Data Center glossary is available at https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary, Last accessed [26/01/2016]. - Trombotto, D., P. Wainstein & L. Arenson, 2014, Guía Terminológica de la Geocriología Sudamericana” / “Terminological Guide of the South American Geocryology, 1a ed. 128 pp. [Link] - UNESCO-WMO, 2012, International Glossary of Hydrology, 3rd edition, WMO-No. 385. [Link] A human construction in which healthcare is provided. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z health facility medical facility healthcare facility A human construction in which healthcare is provided. Any material containing unstable atoms that emit ionizing radiation as it decays. 2020-08-03T18:32:42Z radioactive material Any material containing unstable atoms that emit ionizing radiation as it decays. https://www.ehs.iastate.edu/research/radiation/radioactive-materials A water ice crystal which is constituted by water molecules aligned in a hexagonal array. snowflake snow crystal A water ice crystal which is constituted by water molecules aligned in a hexagonal array. snowflake Snow crystals and snowflakes are often noted as synonyms, however, the term "snowflake" is generally used more loosely. Some sites mention that snow crystals refer to individual crystals of ice, while the term "snowflake" can refer both to an individual crystal of ice and to a bundle of snow crystals. Please see here [https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/998#issuecomment-685649444] Sediment which contains some chemical contaminant. See https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/1102 for a possible design pattern. Uses undesirability standard, compared to polluted river's ecological impact standard. What is the relation to ENVO:00002114 'chemically enriched sediment'? Does 'element' in the definition refer to something found in the periosic table (like selenium) or the member of some set, aka an entity? 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z chemically contaminated sediment Sediment which contains some chemical contaminant. A human construction which is used to transport a material which is primarily composed of liquid or gas through a system of pipes. Getting an example of use could be helpful. Are some environmental samples collected from the outside of a pipe or its fittings? Or taken from inside the pipe? Removing "transport" from the label may make the labels of sublasses more readable. However, "pipeline" alone could mean several unrelated things, like software pipelines. https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/natural-gas/natural-gas-pipelines.php uses the term "pipeline network". ALSO could this be a transport feature? Xref https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/1111. 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z Pipeline networks typically materials either from 1) a production area to a market area for consumption, 2) a production area to an area for waste disposal. pipeline network A human construction which is used to transport a material which is primarily composed of liquid or gas through a system of pipes. A human construction which is used as a storage area for mining tailings. not placing under 'pond' class becasue contents may not be primarily be composed of water. consider revising 'pond' semantics 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z tailings pond A human construction which is used as a storage area for mining tailings. The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in soil. 2019-03-14T21:13:30Z envoNceas concentration of carbon dioxide in soil The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in air. 2019-03-14T21:24:04Z envoNceas concentration of carbon dioxide in air The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in seawater. 2019-03-14T21:35:30Z envoNceas concentration of carbon dioxide in seawater Organic material in soil, which consists of plant and animal residues at various stages of decomposition, cells and tissues of soil organisms, and substances synthesized by soil organisms. 2019-04-05T00:53:06Z envoNceas soil organic matter Organic material in soil, which consists of plant and animal residues at various stages of decomposition, cells and tissues of soil organisms, and substances synthesized by soil organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_organic_matter A surface layer which is composed primarily of soil. 2019-04-12T17:35:13Z envoNceas soil surface layer A soil which has a high bulk density and/or a low porosity. A compacted soil has a reduced rate of both water infiltration and drainage compacted soil A soil which has a high bulk density and/or a low porosity. A compacted soil has a reduced rate of both water infiltration and drainage A layer that is composed primarily of soil. soil layer Texture which inheres in soil. 2021-12-26T21:49:12Z soil texture Water-holding capacity which inheres in some soil. soil water-holding capacity water-holding capacity of soil Water-holding capacity which inheres in some soil. The concentration of a clay when measured in soil. soil clay concentration concentration of clay in soil The concentration of a slit when measured in soil. soil slit concentration concentration of slit in soil The concentration of a sand when measured in soil. soil sand concentration concentration of sand in soil The concentration of a liquid water when measured in soil. soil liquid water concentration soil moisture content soil water content concentration of liquid water in soil The concentration of a salt when measured in soil. soil salt concentration concentration of salt in soil The concentration of a soil organic matter when measured in soil. soil soil organic matter concentration concentration of soil organic matter in soil The temperature of some environmental material. environmental material temperature temperature of environmental material The temperature of some air. air temperature temperature of air The quality of a environmental system process. quality of environmental system process environmental system process quality The porosity of some soil. soil porosity porosity of soil The composition of some soil. soil composition composition of soil The structure of some soil. soil structure structure of soil The acidity of some soil. soil acidity soil pH acidity of soil The temperature of some soil. soil temperature temperature of soil The wetness of some soil. soil wetness wetness of soil The temperature of some water. water temperature temperature of water The humidity of some soil. soil humidity humidity of soil The composition of some water. water composition composition of water The porosity of some snow. snow porosity porosity of snow The porosity of some water ice. water ice porosity porosity of water ice The generation of energy for use by humans 2018-11-03T20:02:04Z anthropogenic generation of energy 2018-11-03T20:04:34Z generation of energy from coal A disposition which is realized during the execution of work, the emission of heat, or the possession of mass. 2018-11-03T20:22:18Z Consider replacing with PATO class; note that PATO class is not a disposition. This should likely go into OBO Core and also have a physicist look at it. energy Energy possessed by an object because of its position relative to other objects, stresses within itself, its electric charge, or other factors. 2018-11-03T20:24:50Z potential energy Energy which is realised through motion. 2018-11-03T20:25:57Z kinetic energy Energy which is the sum of 1) kinetic energy and 2) potential energy. 2018-11-03T20:26:08Z mixed potential and kinetic energy potential energy that binds nucleons to form the atomic nucleus (and nuclear reactions). 2018-11-03T20:28:07Z nuclear energy Potential energy which is stored in the fields of propagated by electromagnetic radiation. 2018-11-03T20:29:21Z radiant energy Kinetic energy which is realised through the microscopic motion of particles. 2018-11-03T20:30:20Z A form of disordered mechanical energy. thermal energy Thermal energy which propagates through a solid (typically rocky) astronomical body. 2018-11-03T20:47:30Z Often, this term is used specifically for thermal energy spreading from heat sources (e.g. magma chambers, the planetary core) within the Earth. However, it is also used for extraterrestrial bodies. geothermal energy 2018-11-03T20:48:18Z stellar radiation energy A power station which burns a fossil fuel such as coal, natural gas, or petroleum to produce electricity. 2018-11-03T21:00:37Z fossil fuel power plant 2018-11-03T21:01:16Z coal power plant 2018-11-03T21:14:06Z solar power station 2018-11-03T21:15:52Z OTEC power plant OTEC power station ocean thermal power station 2018-11-03T21:21:48Z tidal power plant An environment which is determined by an anatomical entity. anatomical entity environment integumental system environment The concentration of dioxygen when measured in liquid water. liquid water dioxygen concentration concentration of dioxygen in liquid water The acidity of some water. water acidity acidity of water The concentration of dioxygen when measured in sea water. sea water dioxygen concentration concentration of dioxygen in sea water The concentration of oxygen when measured in soil. soil oxygen concentration concentration of oxygen in soil The concentration of iron molecular entity when measured in soil. soil iron molecular entity concentration concentration of iron molecular entity in soil The concentration of sodium molecular entity when measured in soil. soil sodium molecular entity concentration concentration of sodium molecular entity in soil The concentration of organic molecular entity when measured in soil. soil organic molecular entity concentration concentration of organic molecular entity in soil An agent, stimulus, activity, or event that causes stress or tension on an organism and interacts with an exposure_receptor during an exposure event. 2010-09-21T02:43:50Z exposure_stressor ExO:0000000 exposure stressor An agent, stimulus, activity, or event that causes stress or tension on an organism and interacts with an exposure_receptor during an exposure event. CTD:curators An entity (e.g., a human, human population, or a human organ) that interacts with an exposure stressor during an exposure event. cmattin 2010-09-21T02:45:36Z exposure recipient exposure target exposure_receptor ExO:0000001 exposure_receptor An entity (e.g., a human, human population, or a human organ) that interacts with an exposure stressor during an exposure event. CTD:curators An interaction between an exposure stressor and an exposure_receptor. cmattin 2010-09-21T02:47:00Z exposure_event ExO:0000002 exposure event An interaction between an exposure stressor and an exposure_receptor. CTD:curators The earth, all of the organisms living on it, and all of the environmental factors, which act on the organisms. The volume of area where biological matter can exist, slightly above, on or below ground level. cmattin 2011-01-10T09:26:27Z exposure_receptor ExO:0000030 ecosphere The earth, all of the organisms living on it, and all of the environmental factors, which act on the organisms. The volume of area where biological matter can exist, slightly above, on or below ground level. XCTD:curators MERGED DEFINITION:\nTARGET DEFINITION: An exposure_receptor that is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.\n--------------------\nSOURCE DEFINITION: An exposure_receptor that is the part of the environment that is made or modified by humans for use in human activities and human habitats. cmattin 2011-01-10T09:27:26Z ExO:0000032 anthrosphere exposure_receptor ExO:0000031 biosphere MERGED DEFINITION:\nTARGET DEFINITION: An exposure_receptor that is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.\n--------------------\nSOURCE DEFINITION: An exposure_receptor that is the part of the environment that is made or modified by humans for use in human activities and human habitats. GOC:hjd An exposure_receptor that is a group of Homo sapiens inhabiting a given area. cmattin 2011-01-10T09:28:02Z exposure_receptor ExO:0000033 human population An exposure_receptor that is a group of Homo sapiens inhabiting a given area. CTD:curators The condition of an organism in all aspects (e.g., functional or metabolic efficiency). cmattin 2011-01-10T09:29:51Z human_attribute ExO:0000038 health status The condition of an organism in all aspects (e.g., functional or metabolic efficiency). CTD:curators Being or characteristic of a single thing or person. cmattin 2011-01-10T09:30:56Z exposure_receptor ExO:0000042 human individual Being or characteristic of a single thing or person. CTD:curators An attribute describing some aspect of an individual or human population. cmattin 2011-01-10T09:30:27Z human_attribute ExO:0000089 human attribute An attribute describing some aspect of an individual or human population. CTD:curators How long something or someone has existed; elapsed time since birth. cgrondin 2017-04-06T03:47:29Z https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/pages/concept_details.jsf?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&version=16.07d&code=C25150&ns=null&type=properties&key=null&b=1&n=0&vse=null human_attribute aged chronological age postnatal age ExO:0000102 age Other conditions with the power to have an effect on health status. cgrondin 2017-04-06T03:47:29Z https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/pages/concept_details.jsf?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&version=16.07d&code=C121660&ns=NCI_Thesaurus&type=properties&key=n821927297&b=1&n=0&vse=null health_status Influence ExO:0000103 influencing factor The assemblage of physical properties or qualities by which male is distinguished from female; the physical difference between male and female; the distinguishing peculiarity of male or female. cgrondin 2017-04-06T03:47:29Z https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/pages/concept_details.jsf?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&version=16.07d&code=C28421&ns=NCI_Thesaurus&type=properties&key=n1987444752&b=1&n=0&vse=null human_attribute gender ExO:0000110 sex A sequence feature (continuous extent of biological sequence) that is of genomic origin (i.e. carries sequence from the genome of a cell or organism) This class was created largely as a modeling convenience to support organizing data for schema definitions. We may consider obsoleting it if it ends up causing confusion or complicating classification of terms in the ontology. 1. A feature being 'of genomic origin' here means only that its sequence has been located to the genome of some organism by alignment with some reference genome. This is because the sequence was originally identified in, or artificially created to replicate, sequence from an organism's genome. 2. The location of a genomic feature is defined by start and end coordinates based on alignment with a reference genome. Genomic features can span any size from a complete chromosome, to a chromosomal band or region, to a gene, to a single base pair or even junction between base pairs (this would be a sequence feature with an extent of zero). 3. As sequence features, instances of genomic features are identified by both their inherent *sequence* and their *position* in a genome - as determined by an alignment with some reference sequence. Accordingly, the 'ATG' start codon in the coding DNA sequence of the human AKT gene and the 'ATG' start codon in the human SHH gene represent two distinct genomic features despite having he same sequence, in virtue of their different positions in the genome. genomic feature 1. The set of all alleles at a particular location in a genome (a 'single locus complement') - e.g. {APOE-epsilon2 / APOE-epsilon4} at the APOE locus 2. The set of all alleles that comprise a haplotype - e.g. the SNPs {rs7412-T, rs429358-T} in the APOEɛ2 allele. 3. The set of all chromosomes in a genome - e.g. {human Chr1, 2, 3, . . . 22, X, Y} A set of sequence features. 'Sets' are used to represent entities that are typically collections of more than one member. But we allow for sets that contain 0 members (an 'empty' set) or 1 member (a 'singleton' or 'unit' set), consistent with the concept of 'mathematical sets'. Sets may also include duplicates (i.e. contain more than one member representing the same feature). The notion of a 'complement' is a special case of a set, where the members necessarily comprise an exhaustive collection of all objects that make up some well-defined set. It is useful for defining many biologically-relevant sets of sequence features. For example, a 'haplotype' is the set of all genetically-linked alleles on a single chromosomal strand at a defined location - e.g. the SNP alleles {rs7412-C, rs429358-C} comprise the haplotype defining the APOEɛ4 gene allele [1]. And a 'single locus complement' is the set of all alleles at a specified location in a particular genome - e.g. the APOEɛ4 and APOEɛ4 gene alleles ([1], [2]) that make up the 'Gs270' APOE genotype [3]. [1] https://www.snpedia.com/index.php/APOE-%CE%B54 [2] https://www.snpedia.com/index.php/APOE-%CE%B52 [3] https://www.snpedia.com/index.php/Gs270 sequence feature set A set of genomic features (i.e. sequence features that are of genomic origin). In some cases there may be zero or only one member of such a complement, which is why this class is not defened to necessarily have some 'genomic feature' as a member. genomic locus complement A genomic feature is any located sequence feature in the genome, from a single nucleotide to a gene into an entire chromosome. 'Sets' are used to represent entities that are typically collections of more than one member - e.g. the set of chromosomes that make up the human genome. But we allow for sets that contain 0 members (an 'empty' set) or 1 member (a 'singleton' or 'unit' set), consistent with the concept of 'mathematical sets'. For example, a 'single locus complement' at an X-linked locus in a XY male will consist of only one allele, as there is only one X-chromosome in the genome. Note also that sets may contain duplicates (i.e. more than one member representing the same feature). For example, a homozygous 'single locus complement' is a set comprised of two of the same feature. The notion of a 'genomic feature set' differs from that of a 'genomic sequence set' in that we are counting how many copies of the same *sequence feature* exist in a genome, as opposed to how many of the same *sequence*. 'Genomic feature sets are useful for representing things like 'single locus complements', where members are sequence features whose identity is dependent on their location. By contrast, 'genomic sequence sets' are useful for describing things like 'copy number complements', which are concerned only with how many copies of a sequence exist in a genome, regardless of the location where these reside. genomic feature set A sequence feature or a set of such features. sequence feature or collection GENO defines three levels of sequence-related artifacts, which are distinguished by their identity criteria. 1. 'Biological sequence' identity is dependent only on the ordering of units that comprise the sequence. 2. 'Sequence feature' identity is dependent on its sequence and the genomic position if the sequence (aligns with definition of 'sequence feature' in the Sequence Ontology). 3. 'Qualified sequence feature' identity is additionally dependent on some aspect of the physical context of the genetic material bearing the feature, extrinsic to its sequence and its genomic position. For example, its being targeted by gene knockdown reagents, its being transgenically expressed in a foreign cell from a recombinant expression construct, its having been epigenetically modified in a way that alters its expression level or pattern, or its being located in a specific cellular or anatomical location. sequence feature or set A linear ordering of units representing monomers of a biological macromolecule (e.g. nucleotides in DNA and RNA, amino acids in polypeptides). GENO defines three levels of sequence-related artifacts, which are distinguished by their identity criteria. 1. 'Biological sequence' identity is dependent only on the ordering of units that comprise the sequence. 2. 'Sequence feature' identity is dependent on its sequence and the genomic location of the sequence (this is consistent with the definition of 'sequence feature' in the Sequence Ontology). 3. 'Qualified sequence feature' identity is additionally dependent on some aspect of the physical context of the genetic material in which the feature is concretized. This third criteria is extrinsic to its sequence and its genomic location. For example, the feature's physical concretization being targeted by a gene knockdown reagent in a cell (e.g. the zebrafish Shha gene as targeted by the morpholino 'Shha-MO1'), or its being transiently expressed from a recombinant expression construct (e.g. the human SHH gene as expressed in a mouse Shh knock-out cell line), or its having been epigenetically modified in a way that alters its expression level or pattern (e.g. the human SHH gene with a specific methylation pattern). biomacromolecular sequence state VMC:State 'Sequences' differ from 'sequence features' in that instances are distinguished only by their inherent ordering of units, and not by any positional aspect related to alignment with some reference sequence. Accordingly, the 'ATG' translational start codon of the human AKT gene is the same *sequence* as the 'ATG' start codon of the human SHH gene, but these represent two distinct *sequence features* in virtue of their different positions in the genome. biological sequence true state In the VMC model, the notion of a GENO:biological sequence is called the 'state' of an allele. A sequence feature (or collection of features) whose identity is dependent on the context or state of its material bearer (in addition to its sequence an position). This context/state describes factors external to its inherent sequence and position that can influences its expression, such as being targeted by gene-knockdown reagents, or an epigenetic modification. qualified sequence feature or collection Consider wild-type zebrafish shha gene in the context of being targeted by morpholino MO-1 vs morpholino MO-2 in separate experiments. These shha genes share identical sequence and position, but represent distinct instances of a 'qualified sequence feature' because of their different external contexts. This is important because these qualified features could have distinct phenotypes associated with them (just as two different sequence variants (alleles) of the same gene can have potentially different associated phenotypes). A qualified sequence feature that carries sequence derived from the genome of a cell or organism. qualified genomic feature true This axiom is an initial attempt to formalize the identity criteria of an extrinnsic context that separates qualified sequence features from sequence features (i.e. the context of its material bearer). As we further develop our efforts here this will get refined and more precise. true Formalizes one identity criteria of the sequence feature component of a qualified sequence feature (which itself is identified by its sequence and its genomic position). A set of qualified sequence features that carry genomic sequence. Because there are cases there may be zero or only one member of such a set, this class is not asserted to necessarily have some 'qualified genomic feature' as a member. A 'complement' refers to an exhaustive collection of all objects that make up some well-defined set. This notion is useful for defining biologically-relevant sets of sequence features. For example, a haplotype is defined as the set of all genetically-linked alleles on a single chromosomal strand at a defined location - e.g. the SNP alleles {rs7412-C, rs429358-C} comprise the haplotype defining the APOEɛ4 gene allele. A complements may contain 0, 1, or more than one members. For example, the complement of alleles at a defined locus across homologous chromosomes in an individual's genome will consist of two members for autosomal locations, and one member for non-homologous locations on the X and Y chromosome. qualified genomic feature set The location of a sequence feature as defined by its start and end position on some reference coordinate system. 1. A sequence feature location is defined by its begin and end coordinates on a reference sequence, but it is not identified by a particular sequence that may reside there. The same location, as defined on a particular reference, may be occupied by different sequences in the genome of organism 1 vs that of organism 2 (e.g. if a SNV exists within this location in only one of the organisms). 2. The notion of a sequence feature location in the realm of biological sequences is analogous to a BFO:spatiotemporal region in the realm of physical entities. A spatiotemporal region can be 'occupied by' physical objects, while a genomic location is 'occupied by' sequence features. Just as a spatiotemporal region is distinct from an object that occupies it, so too a genomic location is distinct from a sequence feature that occupies it. As a more concrete example, consider the distinction between a street address and the building that occupies it as analogous to the relationship between a genomic locus and the sequence feature that resides there. sequence feature location true An generically dependent continuant that carries biological sequence that is part of or derived from a genome. An abstract/organizational class to support data modeling, that includes genomic features, genomic feature complements, qualified genomic features and their complements, as well as genotypes that denote such entities. genomic entity The location of a sequence feature in a genome, defined by its start and end position on some reference genomic coordinate system In GENO, the notion of a Genomic Location (aka Genomic Locus) plays the same role as that of a FALDO:Region in the design pattern for describing the location of a feature of interest. We define this specific GENO class because the ontological nature of FALDO:Region class is not clear in the context of the BFO and SO-based GENO model. We will work to resolve these questions and ideally converge these concepts in the future. We don't link a Genomic Location to a specific reference sequence because in the FALDO model (which GENO adopts with the exception of swapping GENO:Genomic Locus for FALDO:Region), allows the start and end positions of a region to be defined on separate reference sequences. So while a given Location is conceptually associated with a single reference, in practice it can be pragmatic to define start and stop on different references sequences. In practice, GENO advocates describing biology at the level of genomic features - i.e. define specific terms for genes as genomic features, and not duplicate representation of the loci where each gene resides. So we might define a class representing the human Shh gene as a 'genomic feature', but not parallel this with a 'human Shh gene locus' class. The utility of the 'genomic locus' class in the ontology is primarily to be clear about the distinction, but we would only use it in modeling data if absolutely needed. For example, we would define an 'HLA gene block' as a subclass of 'genomic feature', and assert that HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C genes are part/subsequences of this HLA gene block (as opposed to modeling this as an 'HLA locus' and asserting that the HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C genes occupy this locus). genomic location genomic locus VMC:Location 1. A genomic location (aka locus) is defined by its begin and end coordinates on a reference genome, independent of a particular sequence that may reside there. In GENO, we say that a genomic location is occupied_by a 'sequence feature' - where the identity of this feature depends on both it sequence, and its location in the genome (i.e. the locus it occupies). For example, the 'ATG' sequence beginning the ORF of the human SHH gene shares the *same sequence* as the 'ATG' beginning the ORF of the human AKT gene. But these are *distinct sequence features* because they occupy different genomic locations. 2. A given genomic location (e.g. the human SHH gene locus) may be occupied by different alleles (e.g. different alleles of the SHH gene). Within the genome of a single diploid organism, there is potential for two alleles to exist at such a locus (i.e. two different versions of the SHH gene). And across genomes of all members of a species, many more alleles of the SHH gene may exist and occupy this same locus. 3. The notion of a genomic location in the realm of biological sequences is analogous to a BFO:spatiotemporal region in the realm of physical entities. A spatiotemporal region can be occupied_by physical objects, while a genomic location is occupied_by sequence features. Just as a spatiotemporal region is distinct from an object that occupies it, so too a genomic locus is distinct from a sequence feature that occupies it. As a more concrete example, consider the distinction between a street address and the building that occupies it as analogous to the relationship between a genomic location and the feature that resides there. genomic feature location true A material entity that is an organism, derived from an organism, or composed of organisms (e.g. a cell line, biosample, tissue culture, population, etc). useful organizational term to collect entities that have genomes/genotypes. organismal entity Consider wild-type zebrafish shha gene in the context of being targeted by morpholino MO-1 vs morpholino MO-2 in separate experiments. These shha genes share identical sequence and position, but represent distinct instances of a 'qualified sequence feature' because of their different external contexts. This is important because these qualified features could have distinct phenotypes associated with them (just as two different sequence variants (alleles) of the same gene can have potentially different associated phenotypes). A sequence feature whose identity is additionally dependent on the context or state of the material sequence molecule in which the feature is concretized. This context/state describes factors external to the feature's intrinsic sequence and position that can influences its expression, such as being targeted by gene-knockdown reagents, or an epigenetic modification. GENO defines three levels of sequence-related artifacts, which are distinguished by their identity criteria. 1. 'Biological sequence' identity is dependent only on the ordering of units that comprise the sequence. 2. 'Sequence feature' identity is dependent on its sequence and the genomic location of the sequence (this is consistent with the definition of 'sequence feature' in the Sequence Ontology). 3. 'Qualified sequence feature' identity is additionally dependent on some aspect of the physical state or context of the genetic material in which the feature is concretized. This third criteria is extrinsic to its sequence and its genomic location. For example, the feature's physical concretization being targeted by a gene knockdown reagent in a cell (e.g. the zebrafish Shha gene as targeted by the morpholino 'Shha-MO1'), or its being transiently expressed from a recombinant expression construct (e.g. the human SHH gene as expressed in a mouse Shh knock-out cell line), or its having been epigenetically modified in a way that alters its expression level or pattern (e.g. the human SHH gene with a specific methylation pattern). Modeling sequence entities at this 'qualified' level is useful for distinguishing cases where features with identical sequence and position as separate instances - based on their material bearers being found in different contexts. For example, consider a situation where the zebrafish shha gene (a sequence feature) is targeted in two experimental groups of fish by two different morpholinos, and phenotypes are assessed for each. We want to be able to represent two 'variants' of the shha gene in this scenario as separate 'qualified sequence feature' instances so we can capture data about the phenotypes resulting from each - just as we would separately represent to different sequence variants (alleles) of the shha gene at the sequence feature level so that we can track their associated phenotypes. qualified sequence feature A set of qualified seqeunce features. 'Sets' are used to represent entities that are typically collections of more than one member. But we allow for sets that contain 0 members (an 'empty' set) or 1 member (a 'singleton' or 'unit' set), consistent with the concept of 'matehmatical sets'. qualified sequence feature set A biolocical sequence, or set of such sequences. biological sequence or collection biological sequence or set A biological sequence that is of genomic origin (i.e. carries sequence from the genome of a cell or organism). A sequence being 'of genomic origin' here means only that it has been located to the genome of some organism by alignment with some reference genomic sequence. This is because the sequence was originally identified in, or artificially created to replicate, sequence from an organism's genome. genomic sequence A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. molecular process molecular function GO:0003674 Note that, in addition to forming the root of the molecular function ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose molecular function is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the molecular function of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. Despite its name, this is not a type of 'function' in the sense typically defined by upper ontologies such as Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). It is instead a BFO:process carried out by a single gene product or complex. This is the same as GO molecular function gene product or complex activity molecular_function A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. GOC:pdt catalytic activity Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GO:0055134 cellular nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process cellular nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism biological_process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GO:0006139 nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GOC:ai nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides. GO:0055132 DNA metabolism cellular DNA metabolism biological_process GO:0006259 DNA metabolic process Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides. ISBN:0198506732 The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway. Wikipedia:DNA_repair biological_process GO:0006281 DNA repair The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway. PMID:11563486 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). biological_process response to abiotic stress response to biotic stress GO:0006950 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24775 GO:0034984 response to DNA damage stimulus cellular DNA damage response cellular response to DNA damage stimulus response to genotoxic stress biological_process GO:0006974 DNA damage response Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. GOC:go_curators A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. A process that emerges from two or more causally-connected macromolecular activities and has evolved to achieve a biological objective. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24968 jl 2012-09-19T15:05:24Z GO:0000004 GO:0007582 GO:0044699 Wikipedia:Biological_process biological process physiological process biological_process single organism process single-organism process GO:0008150 A biological process is an evolved process Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. biological process biological_process A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. GOC:pdt The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26424 jl 2012-10-17T15:46:40Z GO:0044236 GO:0044710 Wikipedia:Metabolism metabolism metabolic process resulting in cell growth metabolism resulting in cell growth multicellular organism metabolic process biological_process single-organism metabolic process GO:0008152 Note that metabolic processes do not include single functions or processes such as protein-protein interactions, protein-nucleic acids, nor receptor-ligand interactions. metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198547684 Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. jl 2012-12-11T16:56:55Z GO:0008151 GO:0044763 GO:0050875 cell physiology cellular physiological process cell growth and/or maintenance biological_process single-organism cellular process GO:0009987 This term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term. cellular process Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete true Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. Reactome:R-HSA-6788855 Reactome:R-HSA-6788867 phosphokinase activity GO:0016301 Note that this term encompasses all activities that transfer a single phosphate group; although ATP is by far the most common phosphate donor, reactions using other phosphate donors are included in this term. kinase activity Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. ISBN:0198506732 Reactome:R-HSA-6788855 FN3KRP phosphorylates PsiAm, RibAm Reactome:R-HSA-6788867 FN3K phosphorylates ketosamines transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). biological_process GO:0033554 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. cellular response to stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26424 GO:0034960 GO:0043283 GO:0044259 biopolymer metabolic process macromolecule metabolism organismal macromolecule metabolism multicellular organismal macromolecule metabolic process biological_process GO:0043170 macromolecule metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:mah biopolymer metabolic process GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26424 primary metabolism biological_process GO:0044238 primary metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. GOC:go_curators http://www.metacyc.org Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. GO:0051869 physiological response to stimulus biological_process GO:0050896 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. GOC:ai GOC:bf Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. biological_process GO:0051716 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. cellular response to stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. GOC:bf GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26424 mah 2010-03-08T03:32:18Z organic molecular entity metabolic process organic molecular entity metabolism organic substance metabolism biological_process GO:0071704 organic substance metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. GOC:mah Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26133 https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/27052 tb 2010-04-07T10:18:47Z biological_process GO:0090304 This term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term. nucleic acid metabolic process Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids. GOC:dph GOC:tb The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic cyclic compound. bf 2012-09-14T09:03:51Z organic cyclic compound metabolism biological_process GO:1901360 organic cyclic compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic cyclic compound. GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound metabolism GOC:TermGenie measurement unit label Examples of measurement unit labels are liters, inches, weight per volume. A measurement unit label is as a label that is part of a scalar measurement datum and denotes a unit of measure. 2009-03-16: provenance: a term measurement unit was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000176) , edited by Chris Stoeckert and Cristian Cocos, and subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definition of this, different, term. 2009-03-16: review of this term done during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot measurement unit label objective specification In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction. A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved. 2009-03-16: original definition when imported from OBI read: "objective is an non realizable information entity which can serve as that proper part of a plan towards which the realization of the plan is directed." 2014-03-31: In the example of usage ("In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction") there is a protocol which is the ChIP assay protocol. In addition to being concretized on paper, the protocol can be concretized as a realizable entity, such as a plan that inheres in a person. The objective specification is the part that says that some protein and DNA interactions are identified. This is a specification of a process endpoint: the boundary in the process before which they are not identified and after which they are. During the realization of the plan, the goal is to get to the point of having the interactions, and participants in the realization of the plan try to do that. Answers the question, why did you do this experiment? PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Barry Smith PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Jennifer Fostel goal specification OBI Plan and Planned Process/Roles Branch OBI_0000217 objective specification Pour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2 A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take. Alan Ruttenberg OBI Plan and Planned Process branch action specification datum label A label is a symbol that is part of some other datum and is used to either partially define the denotation of that datum or to provide a means for identifying the datum as a member of the set of data with the same label http://www.golovchenko.org/cgi-bin/wnsearch?q=label#4n GROUP: IAO 9/22/11 BP: changed the rdfs:label for this class from 'label' to 'datum label' to convey that this class is not intended to cover all kinds of labels (stickers, radiolabels, etc.), and not even all kind of textual labels, but rather the kind of labels occuring in a datum. 9/22/11 BP: changed the rdfs:label for this class from 'label' to 'datum label' to convey that this class is not intended to cover all kinds of labels (stickers, radiolabels, etc.), and not even all kind of textual labels, but rather the kind of labels occuring in a datum. datum label software Software is a plan specification composed of a series of instructions that can be interpreted by or directly executed by a processing unit. see sourceforge tracker discussion at http://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=1958818&group_id=177891&atid=886178 PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Chris Stoeckert PERSON: Melanie Courtot GROUP: OBI software information carrier In the case of a printed paperback novel the physicality of the ink and of the paper form part of the information bearer. The qualities of appearing black and having a certain pattern for the ink and appearing white for the paper form part of the information carrier in this case. A quality of an information bearer that imparts the information content 12/15/09: There is a concern that some ways that carry information may be processes rather than qualities, such as in a 'delayed wave carrier'. 2014-03-10: We are not certain that all information carriers are qualities. There was a discussion of dropping it. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy information carrier data item Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries. An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. 2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers. 2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum. 2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym. 2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/ JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Chris Stoeckert PERSON: Jonathan Rees data IAO:0000027 data item data item information content entity Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs. Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs. A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. An information content entity is an entity that is generically dependent on some artifact and stands in relation of aboutness to some entity. an information content entity is an entity that is generically dependent on some artifact and stands in relation of aboutness to some entity 2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907). Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity. PERSON: Chris Stoeckert IAO OBI_0000142 IAO:0000030 information content entity information content entity 1 1 10 feet. 3 ml. A scalar measurement datum is a measurement datum that is composed of two parts, numerals and a unit label. 2009-03-16: we decided to keep datum singular in scalar measurement datum, as in this case we explicitly refer to the singular form Would write this as: has_part some 'measurement unit label' and has_part some numeral and has_part exactly 2, except for the fact that this won't let us take advantage of OWL reasoning over the numbers. Instead use has measurment value property to represent the same. Use has measurement unit label (subproperty of has_part) so we can easily say that there is only one of them. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot scalar measurement datum An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process. 2009-03-16: provenance: a term realizable information entity was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000337) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was "is the specification of a process that can be concretized and realized by an actor" with alternative term "instruction".It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term. 2013-05-30 Alan Ruttenberg: What differentiates a directive information entity from an information concretization is that it can have concretizations that are either qualities or realizable entities. The concretizations that are realizable entities are created when an individual chooses to take up the direction, i.e. has the intention to (try to) realize it. 8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Changed label from "information entity about a realizable" after discussions at ICBO Werner pushed back on calling it realizable information entity as it isn't realizable. However this name isn't right either. An example would be a recipe. The realizable entity would be a plan, but the information entity isn't about the plan, it, once concretized, *is* the plan. -Alan PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters directive information entity dot plot Dot plot of SSC-H and FSC-H. A dot plot is a report graph which is a graphical representation of data where each data point is represented by a single dot placed on coordinates corresponding to data point values in particular dimensions. person:Allyson Lister person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000123 group:OBI dot plot graph A diagram that presents one or more tuples of information by mapping those tuples in to a two dimensional space in a non arbitrary way. PERSON: Lawrence Hunter person:Alan Ruttenberg person:Allyson Lister OBI_0000240 group:OBI graph algorithm PMID: 18378114.Genomics. 2008 Mar 28. LINKGEN: A new algorithm to process data in genetic linkage studies. A plan specification which describes the inputs and output of mathematical functions as well as workflow of execution for achieving an predefined objective. Algorithms are realized usually by means of implementation as computer programs for execution by automata. Philippe Rocca-Serra PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch OBI_0000270 adapted from discussion on OBI list (Matthew Pocock, Christian Cocos, Alan Ruttenberg) algorithm curation status specification The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting) PERSON:Bill Bug GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> OBI_0000266 curation status specification source code module The written source code that implements part of an algorithm. Test - if you know that it was written in a specific language, then it can be source code module. We mean here, roughly, the wording of a document such as a perl script. A source code module is a directive information entity that specifies, using a programming language, some algorithm. person:Alan Ruttenberg person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000039 group:OBI source code module data format specification A data format specification is the information content borne by the document published defining the specification. Example: The ISO document specifying what encompasses an XML document; The instructions in a XSD file 2009-03-16: provenance: term imported from OBI_0000187, which had original definition "A data format specification is a plan which organizes information. Example: The ISO document specifying what encompasses an XML document; The instructions in a XSD file" PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch OBI branch derived OBI_0000187 data format specification data set Intensity values in a CEL file or from multiple CEL files comprise a data set (as opposed to the CEL files themselves). A data item that is an aggregate of other data items of the same type that have something in common. Averages and distributions can be determined for data sets. 2009/10/23 Alan Ruttenberg. The intention is that this term represent collections of like data. So this isn't for, e.g. the whole contents of a cel file, which includes parameters, metadata etc. This is more like java arrays of a certain rather specific type 2014-05-05: Data sets are aggregates and thus must include two or more data items. We have chosen not to add logical axioms to make this restriction. person:Allyson Lister person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000042 group:OBI data set image An image is an affine projection to a two dimensional surface, of measurements of some quality of an entity or entities repeated at regular intervals across a spatial range, where the measurements are represented as color and luminosity on the projected on surface. person:Alan Ruttenberg person:Allyson person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000030 group:OBI image data about an ontology part Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term Person:Alan Ruttenberg ontology metadata data about an ontology part data about an ontology part plan specification PMID: 18323827.Nat Med. 2008 Mar;14(3):226.New plan proposed to help resolve conflicting medical advice. A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts that, when concretized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified. A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts, and that may be concretized as a realizable entity that, if realized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified. 2009-03-16: provenance: a term a plan was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000344) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was " a plan is a specification of a process that is realized by an actor to achieve the objective specified as part of the plan". It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term. 2014-03-31: A plan specification can have other parts, such as conditional specifications. 2022-01-16 Updated definition to that proposed by Clint Dowloand, IAO Issue 231. Alternative previous definition: a plan is a set of instructions that specify how an objective should be achieved Alan Ruttenberg Clint Dowland OBI Plan and Planned Process branch OBI_0000344 2/3/2009 Comment from OBI review. Action specification not well enough specified. Conditional specification not well enough specified. Question whether all plan specifications have objective specifications. Request that IAO either clarify these or change definitions not to use them plan specification https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/231#issuecomment-1010455131 measurement datum Examples of measurement data are the recoding of the weight of a mouse as {40,mass,"grams"}, the recording of an observation of the behavior of the mouse {,process,"agitated"}, the recording of the expression level of a gene as measured through the process of microarray experiment {3.4,luminosity,}. A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device. 2/2/2009 is_specified_output of some assay? person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000305 group:OBI measurement datum material information bearer A page of a paperback novel with writing on it. The paper itself is a material information bearer, the pattern of ink is the information carrier. a brain a hard drive A material entity in which a concretization of an information content entity inheres. GROUP: IAO material information bearer histogram A histogram is a report graph which is a statistical description of a distribution in terms of occurrence frequencies of different event classes. PERSON:Chris Stoeckert PERSON:James Malone PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBI histogram heatmap A heatmap is a report graph which is a graphical representation of data where the values taken by a variable(s) are shown as colors in a two-dimensional map. PERSON:Chris Stoeckert PERSON:James Malone PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBI heatmap dendrogram Dendrograms are often used in computational biology to illustrate the clustering of genes. A dendrogram is a report graph which is a tree diagram frequently used to illustrate the arrangement of the clusters produced by a clustering algorithm. PERSON:Chris Stoeckert PERSON:James Malone PERSON:Melanie Courtot WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrogram dendrogram scatter plot Comparison of gene expression values in two samples can be displayed in a scatter plot A scatterplot is a graph which uses Cartesian coordinates to display values for two variables for a set of data. The data is displayed as a collection of points, each having the value of one variable determining the position on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable determining the position on the vertical axis. PERSON:Chris Stoeckert PERSON:James Malone PERSON:Melanie Courtot scattergraph WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scatterplot scatter plot obsolescence reason specification The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. The creation of this class has been inspired in part by Werner Ceusters' paper, Applying evolutionary terminology auditing to the Gene Ontology. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot obsolescence reason specification figure Any picture, diagram or table An information content entity consisting of a two dimensional arrangement of information content entities such that the arrangement itself is about something. PERSON: Lawrence Hunter figure diagram A molecular structure ribbon cartoon showing helices, turns and sheets and their relations to each other in space. A figure that expresses one or more propositions PERSON: Lawrence Hunter diagram document A journal article, patent application, laboratory notebook, or a book A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole PERSON: Lawrence Hunter document A scalar measurement datum that is the result of measurement of length quality Alan Ruttenberg length measurement datum denotator type The Basic Formal Ontology ontology makes a distinction between Universals and defined classes, where the formal are "natural kinds" and the latter arbitrary collections of entities. A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective. Alan Ruttenberg Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters denotator type Recording the current temperature in a laboratory notebook. Writing a journal article. Updating a patient record in a database. A planned process in which a document is created or added to by including the specified input in it. 6/11/9: Edited at OBI workshop. We need to be able identify a child form of information artifact which corresponds to something enduring (not brain like). This used to be restricted to physical document or digital entity as the output, but that excludes e.g. an audio cassette tape Bjoern Peters wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documenting documenting GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy all NCBITaxon:1 root all Viruses Viruses Teleostomi Euteleostomi bony vertebrates bony vertebrates Euteleostomi GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy biota NCBITaxon:131567 cellular organisms biota Dipnotetrapodomorpha Boreotheria Boreoeutheria Bacteria eubacteria eubacteria Monera Procaryotae Prokaryota Prokaryotae bacteria prokaryote prokaryotes Bacteria Homo/Pan/Gorilla group Homininae Archaea Archaea Eukaryota eucaryotes eukaryotes GC_ID:1 PMID:23020233 PMID:30257078 eucaryotes eukaryotes ncbi_taxonomy Eucarya Eucaryotae Eukarya Eukaryotae eukaryotes NCBITaxon:2759 Eukaryota eucaryotes eukaryotes Eucarya Eucaryotae Eukarya Eukaryotae eukaryotes Euarchontoglires Euarchontoglires Anthropoidea Simiiformes ape apes Hominoidea Tetrapoda tetrapods tetrapods Tetrapoda Amniota amniotes amniotes Amniota Theria Theria <mammals> Chlorophyta/Embryophyta group chlorophyte/embryophyte group green plants Chlorobionta Chloroplastida green plants Viridiplantae Opisthokonta GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Fungi/Metazoa group opisthokonts NCBITaxon:33154 Opisthokonta Fungi/Metazoa group opisthokonts Metazoa metazoans multicellular animals metazoans multicellular animals Animalia animals Metazoa Bilateria Bilateria deuterostomes Deuterostomia Haplorrhini Mammalia mammals mammals mammals Mammalia Eumetazoa chordates chordates Chordata Vertebrata <vertebrates> Vertebrata vertebrates Vertebrata vertebrates vertebrates Vertebrata <vertebrates> Gnathostomata jawed vertebrates Gnathostomata <vertebrates> Sarcopterygii Craniata Craniata <chordates> eutherian mammals placental mammals placentals Placentalia placentals Eutheria primate Primata primates Primates Catarrhini great apes Pongidae Hominidae humans Homo Homo sapiens human human being human Homo sapiens A categorical value specification that is used to record the destruction of an organism cells or tissues by the organisms' own enzymes or processes with nominal categories ranging from none to severe. Add instances 0-non, 1-slight, 2-moderate, 3-severe Person: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis, Jie Zheng OBIB NCI BBRB autolysis value specification A data item that contains the outcome of a survey. Alice Nzinga Mathias Brochhausen survey data A plan specification that is realized by process of gathering information (e.g. by asking questions). Alice Nzinga Mathias Brochhausen survey plan specification A planned process that realizes the concretization of a survey to generate an output(survey data.) survey execution A specimen that is normal. normal specimen A Homo sapiens who contributes specimen. Alice Nzinga Mathias Brochhausen sample donor specimen donor planned process planned process Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. A processual entity that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. 'Plan' includes a future direction sense. That can be problematic if plans are changed during their execution. There are however implicit contingencies for protocols that an agent has in his mind that can be considered part of the plan, even if the agent didn't have them in mind before. Therefore, a planned process can diverge from what the agent would have said the plan was before executing it, by adjusting to problems encountered during execution (e.g. choosing another reagent with equivalent properties, if the originally planned one has run out.) Stub class to serve as root of hierarchy for experimental techniques and processes, defined in GENO or imported from ontologies such as OBI and ERO. We are only considering successfully completed planned processes. A plan may be modified, and details added during execution. For a given planned process, the associated realized plan specification is the one encompassing all changes made during execution. This means that all processes in which an agent acts towards achieving some objectives is a planned process. Bjoern Peters branch derived 6/11/9: Edited at workshop. Used to include: is initiated by an agent This class merges the previously separated objective driven process and planned process, as they the separation proved hard to maintain. (1/22/09, branch call) CHMO:0001840 OBI:0000011 planned process planned process regulator role Fact sheet - Regulating the companies The role of the regulator. Ofwat is the economic regulator of the water and sewerage industry in England and Wales. http://www.ofwat.gov.uk/aptrix/ofwat/publish.nsf/Content/roleofregulator_factsheet170805 a regulatory role involved with making and/or enforcing relevant legislation and governmental orders Person:Jennifer Fostel regulator OBI regulator role regulatory role Regulatory agency, Ethics committee, Approval letter; example: Browse these EPA Regulatory Role subtopics http://www.epa.gov/ebtpages/enviregulatoryrole.html Feb 29, 2008 a role which inheres in material entities and is realized in the processes of making, enforcing or being defined by legislation or orders issued by a governmental body. GROUP: Role branch OBI, CDISC govt agents responsible for creating regulations; proxies for enforcing regulations. CDISC definition: regulatory authorities. Bodies having the power to regulate. NOTE: In the ICH GCP guideline the term includes the authorities that review submitted clinical data and those that conduct inspections. These bodies are sometimes referred to as competent regulatory role material supplier role Jackson Labs is an organization which provide mice as experimental material a role realized through the process of supplying materials such as animal subjects, reagents or other materials used in an investigation. Supplier role is a special kind of service, e.g. biobank PERSON:Jennifer Fostel material provider role supplier material supplier role classified data set A data set that is produced as the output of a class prediction data transformation and consists of a data set with assigned class labels. PERSON: James Malone PERSON: Monnie McGee data set with assigned class labels classified data set processed material Examples include gel matrices, filter paper, parafilm and buffer solutions, mass spectrometer, tissue samples Is a material entity that is created or changed during material processing. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg processed material investigation Lung cancer investigation using expression profiling, a stem cell transplant investigation, biobanking is not an investigation, though it may be part of an investigation a planned process that consists of parts: planning, study design execution, documentation and which produce conclusion(s). Bjoern Peters OBI branch derived Could add specific objective specification Following OBI call November 2012,26th: it was decided there was no need for adding "achieves objective of drawing conclusion" as existing relations were providing equivalent ability. this note closes the issue and validates the class definition to be part of the OBI core editor = PRS study investigation A planned process with the objective to produce information about the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies. CHMO:0000000 CHMO:0001133 measurement method OBI:0000070 assay A planned process with the objective to produce information about the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies. obi:pppb material processing A cell lysis, production of a cloning vector, creating a buffer. A planned process which results in physical changes in a specified input material PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Frank Gibson PERSON: Jennifer Fostel PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON: Philippe Rocca Serra material transformation OBI branch derived material processing responsible party role he THERAPIST has the ability to print a separate statement for the patient and each responsible party. http://www.beaverlog.com/therapist/ez_support/billing/responsible_party_statements.htm a study personnel role played by a party who is accountable for the execution of a study component and can make decisions about the conduct of the study Person: Jennifer Fostel responsible party OBI responsible party role principal investigator role a responsible party role played by a person responsible for the overall conduct of a study Person: Jennifer Fostel principal investigator CDISC definition: A person responsible for the conduct of the clinical trial at a trial site. If a trial is conducted by a team of individuals at a trial site, the investigator is the responsible leader of the team and may be called the principal investigator. 2. The individual principal investigator. 2. The individual under whose immediate direction the test article is administered or dispensed to, or used involving, a subject, or, in the event of an investigation conducted by a team of individuals, is See also sponsor-investigator.; Leiter der klinischen Prufung.Under the German Drug Law, the physician who is head of the clinical investigation (CDISC): coordinating investigator (CDISC) (also study coordinator, MUSC); sponsor-investigator. An individual who both initiates and conducts, alone or with others, a clinical trial, and under whose immediate direction the investigational product is administered to, dispensed to, or used by a subject.NOTE: The term does not include any person other than an individual, hence not a corporation, agency (CDISC) principal investigator role specimen role liver section; a portion of a culture of cells; a nemotode or other animal once no longer a subject (generally killed); portion of blood from a patient. a role borne by a material entity that is gained during a specimen collection process and that can be realized by use of the specimen in an investigation 22Jun09. The definition includes whole organisms, and can include a human. The link between specimen role and study subject role has been removed. A specimen taken as part of a case study is not considered to be a population representative, while a specimen taken as representing a population, e.g. person taken from a cohort, blood specimen taken from an animal) would be considered a population representative and would also bear material sample role. Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation. blood taken from animal: animal continues in study, whereas blood has role specimen. something taken from study subject, leaves the study and becomes the specimen. parasite example - when parasite in people we study people, people are subjects and parasites are specimen - when parasite extracted, they become subject in the following study specimen can later be subject. GROUP: Role Branch OBI specimen role investigation agent role The person perform microarray experiments and submit microarray results (including raw data, processed data) with experiment description to ArrayExpress. A role borne by an entity and that is realized in a process that is part of an investigation in which an objective is achieved. These processes include, among others: planning, overseeing, funding, reviewing. Implementing a study means carrying out or performing the study and providing reagents or other materials used in the study and other tasks without which the study would not happen. Philly2013: Historically, this role would have been borne only by humans or organizations. However, we now also want to enable representing investigations run by robot scientists such as ADAM (King et al, Science, 2009) GROUP: Role Branch investigator OBI Feb 10, 2009. changes after discussion at OBI Consortium Workshop Feb 2-6, 2009. accepted as core term. study person role Philly2013: Historically, this role would have been borne only by humans or organizations. However, we now also want to enable investigations run by robot scientists such as ADAM (King et al, Science, 2009) investigation agent role organization PMID: 16353909.AAPS J. 2005 Sep 22;7(2):E274-80. Review. The joint food and agriculture organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives and its role in the evaluation of the safety of veterinary drug residues in foods. An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members. BP: The definition summarizes long email discussions on the OBI developer, roles, biomaterial and denrie branches. It leaves open if an organization is a material entity or a dependent continuant, as no consensus was reached on that. The current placement as material is therefore temporary, in order to move forward with development. Here is the entire email summary, on which the definition is based: 1) there are organization_member_roles (president, treasurer, branch editor), with individual persons as bearers 2) there are organization_roles (employer, owner, vendor, patent holder) 3) an organization has a charter / rules / bylaws, which specify what roles there are, how they should be realized, and how to modify the charter/rules/bylaws themselves. It is debatable what the organization itself is (some kind of dependent continuant or an aggregate of people). This also determines who/what the bearer of organization_roles' are. My personal favorite is still to define organization as a kind of 'legal entity', but thinking it through leads to all kinds of questions that are clearly outside the scope of OBI. Interestingly enough, it does not seem to matter much where we place organization itself, as long as we can subclass it (University, Corporation, Government Agency, Hospital), instantiate it (Affymetrix, NCBI, NIH, ISO, W3C, University of Oklahoma), and have it play roles. This leads to my proposal: We define organization through the statements 1 - 3 above, but without an 'is a' statement for now. We can leave it in its current place in the is_a hierarchy (material entity) or move it up to 'continuant'. We leave further clarifications to BFO, and close this issue for now. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra PERSON: Susanna Sansone GROUP: OBI organization protocol PCR protocol, has objective specification, amplify DNA fragment of interest, and has action specification describes the amounts of experimental reagents used (e..g. buffers, dNTPS, enzyme), and the temperature and cycle time settings for running the PCR. A plan specification which has sufficient level of detail and quantitative information to communicate it between investigation agents, so that different investigation agents will reliably be able to independently reproduce the process. PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch OBI branch derived + wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_%28natural_sciences%29) study protocol protocol interpreting data Concluding that a gene is upregulated in a tissue sample based on the band intensity in a western blot. Concluding that a patient has a infection based on measurement of an elevated body temperature and reported headache. Concluding that there were problems in an investigation because data from PCR and microarray are conflicting. Concluding that 'defects in gene XYZ cause cancer due to improper DNA repair' based on data from experiments in that study that gene XYZ is involved in DNA repair, and the conclusion of a previous study that cancer patients have an increased number of mutations in this gene. A planned process in which data gathered in an investigation is evaluated in the context of existing knowledge with the objective to generate more general conclusions or to conclude that the data does not allow one to draw general conclusion PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Jennifer Fostel Bjoern Peters drawing a conclusion based on data planning The process of a scientist thinking about and deciding what reagents to use as part of a protocol for an experiment. Note that the scientist could be human or a "robot scientist" executing software. a process of creating or modifying a plan specification 7/18/2011 BP: planning used to itself be a planned process. Barry Smith pointed out that this would lead to an infinite regression, as there would have to be a plan to conduct a planning process, which in itself would be the result of planning etc. Therefore, the restrictions on 'planning' were loosened to allow for informal processes that result in an 'ad hoc plan '. This required changing from 'has_specified_output some plan specifiction' to 'has_participant some plan specification'. Bjoern Peters Bjoern Peters Plans and Planned Processes Branch planning light emission function A light emission function is an excitation function to excite a material to a specific excitation state that it emits light. Bill Bug Daniel Schober Frank Gibson Melanie Courtot light emission function excitation function A excitation function is a function to inject energy by bombarding a material with energetic particles (e.g., photons) thereby imbuing internal material components such as electrons with additional energy. These internal, 'excited' particles may lead to the rupturing of covalent chemical bonds or may quickly relax back to there unexcited state with an exponential time course thereby locally emitting energy in the form of photons. Bill Bug Daniel Schober Frank Gibson Melanie Courtot excitation function regulatory agency The US Environmental Protection Agency A regulatory agency is a organization that has responsibility over or for the legislation (acts and regulations) for a given sector of the government. GROUP: OBI Biomaterial Branch WEB: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulator regulatory agency material transformation objective The objective to create a mouse infected with LCM virus. The objective to create a defined solution of PBS. an objective specifiction that creates an specific output object from input materials. PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Frank Gibson PERSON: Jennifer Fostel PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra artifact creation objective GROUP: OBI PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch material transformation objective manufacturing Manufacturing is a process with the intent to produce a processed material which will have a function for future use. A person or organization (having manufacturer role) is a participant in this process Manufacturing implies reproducibility and responsibility AR This includes a single scientist making a processed material for personal use. PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Frank Gibson PERSON: Jennifer Fostel PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra GROUP: OBI PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch manufacturing manufacturing objective is the objective to manufacture a material of a certain function (device) PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Frank Gibson PERSON: Jennifer Fostel PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra GROUP: OBI PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch manufacturing objective study design execution injecting a mouse with PBS solution, weighing it, and recording the weight according to a study design. a planned process that carries out a study design removed axiom has_part some (assay or 'data transformation') per discussion on protocol application mailing list to improve reasoner performance. The axiom is still desired. branch derived 6/11/9: edited at workshop. Used to be: study design execution is a process with the objective to generate data according to a concretized study design. The execution of a study design is part of an investigation, and minimally consists of an assay or data transformation. study design execution manufacturer role With respect to The Accuri C6 Flow Cytometer System, the organization Accuri bears the role manufacturer role. With respect to a transformed line of tissue culture cells derived by a specific lab, the lab whose personnel isolated the cll line bears the role manufacturer role. With respect to a specific antibody produced by an individual scientist, the scientist who purifies, characterizes and distributes the anitbody bears the role manufacturer role. Manufacturer role is a role which inheres in a person or organization and which is realized by a manufacturing process. GROUP: Role Branch OBI manufacturer role clustered data set A clustered data set is the output of a K means clustering data transformation A data set that is produced as the output of a class discovery data transformation and consists of a data set with assigned discovered class labels. PERSON: James Malone PERSON: Monnie McGee data set with assigned discovered class labels AR thinks could be a data item instead clustered data set specimen collection process drawing blood from a patient for analysis, collecting a piece of a plant for depositing in a herbarium, buying meat from a butcher in order to measure its protein content in an investigation A planned process with the objective of collecting a specimen. Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation. Philly2013: A specimen collection can have as part a material entity acquisition, such as ordering from a bank. The distinction is that specimen collection necessarily involves the creation of a specimen role. However ordering cell lines cells from ATCC for use in an investigation is NOT a specimen collection, because the cell lines already have a specimen role. Philly2013: The specimen_role for the specimen is created during the specimen collection process. label changed to 'specimen collection process' on 10/27/2014, details see tracker: http://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/716/ Bjoern Peters specimen collection 5/31/2012: This process is not necessarily an acquisition, as specimens may be collected from materials already in posession 6/9/09: used at workshop specimen collection process class prediction data transformation A class prediction data transformation (sometimes called supervised classification) is a data transformation that has objective class prediction. James Malone supervised classification data transformation PERSON: James Malone class prediction data transformation specimen collection objective The objective to collect bits of excrement in the rainforest. The objective to obtain a blood sample from a patient. A objective specification to obtain a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation. Bjoern Peters Bjoern Peters specimen collection objective support vector machine A support vector machine is a data transformation with a class prediction objective based on the construction of a separating hyperplane that maximizes the margin between two data sets of vectors in n-dimensional space. James Malone Ryan Brinkman SVM PERSON: Ryan Brinkman support vector machine decision tree induction objective A decision tree induction objective is a data transformation objective in which a tree-like graph of edges and nodes is created and from which the selection of each branch requires that some type of logical decision is made. James Malone decision tree induction objective decision tree building data transformation A decision tree building data transformation is a data transformation that has objective decision tree induction. James Malone PERSON: James Malone decision tree building data transformation GenePattern software a software that provides access to more than 100 tools for gene expression analysis, proteomics, SNP analysis and common data processing tasks. James Malone Person:Helen Parkinson WEB: http://www.broadinstitute.org/cancer/software/genepattern/ GenePattern software peak matching Peak matching is a data transformation performed on a dataset of a graph of ordered data points (e.g. a spectrum) with the objective of pattern matching local maxima above a noise threshold James Malone Ryan Brinkman PERSON: Ryan Brinkman peak matching k-nearest neighbors A k-nearest neighbors is a data transformation which achieves a class discovery or partitioning objective, in which an input data object with vector y is assigned to a class label based upon the k closest training data set points to y; where k is the largest value that class label is assigned. James Malone k-NN PERSON: James Malone k-nearest neighbors CART A CART (classification and regression trees) is a data transformation method for producing a classification or regression model with a tree-based structure. James Malone classification and regression trees BOOK: David J. Hand, Heikki Mannila and Padhraic Smyth (2001) Principles of Data Mining. CART statistical model validation Using the expression levels of 20 proteins to predict whether a cancer patient will respond to a drug. A practical goal would be to determine which subset of the 20 features should be used to produce the best predictive model. - wikipedia A data transformation which assesses how the results of a statistical analysis will generalize to an independent data set. Helen Parkinson http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-validation_%28statistics%29 statistical model validation manufacturer A person or organization that has a manufacturer role manufacturer service provider role Jackson Lab provides experimental animals, EBI provides training on databases, a core facility provides access to a DNA sequencer. is a role which inheres in a person or organization and is realized in in a planned process which provides access to training, materials or execution of protocols for an organization or person PERSON:Helen Parkinson service provider role processed specimen A tissue sample that has been sliced and stained for a histology study. A blood specimen that has been centrifuged to obtain the white blood cells. A specimen that has been intentionally physically modified. Bjoern Peters Bjoern Peters A tissue sample that has been sliced and stained for a histology study. processed specimen categorical label The labels 'positive' vs. 'negative', or 'left handed', 'right handed', 'ambidexterous', or 'strongly binding', 'weakly binding' , 'not binding', or '+++', '++', '+', '-' etc. form scales of categorical labels. A label that is part of a categorical datum and that indicates the value of the data item on the categorical scale. Bjoern Peters Bjoern Peters categorical label device A voltmeter is a measurement device which is intended to perform some measure function. An autoclave is a device that sterlizes instruments or contaminated waste by applying high temperature and pressure. A material entity that is designed to perform a function in a scientific investigation, but is not a reagent. 2012-12-17 JAO: In common lab usage, there is a distinction made between devices and reagents that is difficult to model. Therefore we have chosen to specifically exclude reagents from the definition of "device", and are enumerating the types of roles that a reagent can perform. 2013-6-5 MHB: The following clarifications are outcomes of the May 2013 Philly Workshop. Reagents are distinguished from devices that also participate in scientific techniques by the fact that reagents are chemical or biological in nature and necessarily participate in some chemical interaction or reaction during the realization of their experimental role. By contrast, devices do not participate in such chemical reactions/interactions. Note that there are cases where devices use reagent components during their operation, where the reagent-device distinction is less clear. For example: (1) An HPLC machine is considered a device, but has a column that holds a stationary phase resin as an operational component. This resin qualifies as a device if it participates purely in size exclusion, but bears a reagent role that is realized in the running of a column if it interacts electrostatically or chemically with the evaluant. The container the resin is in (“the column”) considered alone is a device. So the entire column as well as the entire HPLC machine are devices that have a reagent as an operating part. (2) A pH meter is a device, but its electrode component bears a reagent role in virtue of its interacting directly with the evaluant in execution of an assay. (3) A gel running box is a device that has a metallic lead as a component that participates in a chemical reaction with the running buffer when a charge is passed through it. This metallic lead is considered to have a reagent role as a component of this device realized in the running of a gel. In the examples above, a reagent is an operational component of a device, but the device itself does not realize a reagent role (as bearing a reagent role is not transitive across the part_of relation). In this way, the asserted disjointness between a reagent and device holds, as both roles are never realized in the same bearer during execution of an assay. PERSON: Helen Parkinson instrument OBI development call 2012-12-17. CHMO:0000998 OBI:0000968 device A material entity that is designed to perform a function in a scientific investigation, but is not a reagent. obi:obi dose An organism has been injected 1ml of vaccine A measurement datum that measures the quantity of something that may be administered to an organism or that an organism may be exposed to. Quantities of nutrients, drugs, vaccines and toxins are referred to as doses. dose questionnaire A document with a set of printed or written questions with a choice of answers, devised for the purposes of a survey or statistical study. JT: It plays a role in collecting data that could be fleshed out more; but I'm thinking it is, in itself, an edited document. JZ: based on textual definition of edited document, it can be defined as N&S. I prefer to leave questionnaire as a document now. We can add more restrictions in the future and use that to determine it is an edited document or not. Need to clarify if this is a document or a directive information entity (or what their connection is)) PERSON: Jessica Turner Merriam-Webster questionnaire light emission device A light source is an optical subsystem that provides light for use in a distant area using a delivery system (e.g., fiber optics) A device which has a function to emit light. Person:Helen Parkinson OBI light emission device X-ray source A device that is used to generate X-rays. PERSON: Erik Segerdell x-ray generator http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_generator X-ray source specimen from organism A specimen that derives from an anatomical part or substance arising from an organism. Examples of tissue specimen include tissue, organ, physiological system, blood, or body location (arm). PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng tissue specimen MO_954 organism_part specimen from organism conclusion based on data The conclusion that a gene is upregulated in a tissue sample based on the band intensity in a western blot. The conclusion that a patient has a infection based on measurement of an elevated body temperature and reported headache. The conclusion that there were problems in an investigation because data from PCR and microarray are conflicting. The following are NOT conclusions based on data: data themselves; results from pure mathematics, e.g. "13 is prime". An information content entity that is inferred from data. In the Philly 2013 workshop, we recognized the limitations of "conclusion textual entity", and we introduced this as more general. The need for the 'textual entity' term going forward is up for future debate. Group:2013 Philly Workshop group Group:2013 Philly Workshop group conclusion based on data categorical value specification A value specification that is specifies one category out of a fixed number of nominal categories PERSON:Bjoern Peters categorical value specification 1 1 scalar value specification A value specification that consists of two parts: a numeral and a unit label PERSON:Bjoern Peters scalar value specification value specification The value of 'positive' in a classification scheme of "positive or negative"; the value of '20g' on the quantitative scale of mass. An information content entity that specifies a value within a classification scheme or on a quantitative scale. This term is currently a descendant of 'information content entity', which requires that it 'is about' something. A value specification of '20g' for a measurement data item of the mass of a particular mouse 'is about' the mass of that mouse. However there are cases where a value specification is not clearly about any particular. In the future we may change 'value specification' to remove the 'is about' requirement. PERSON:Bjoern Peters value specification collection of specimens Blood cells collected from multiple donors over the course of a study. A material entity that has two or more specimens as its parts. Details see tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/778/ Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng OBIB, OBI Biobank collection of specimens histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition G1:Well differentiated G4: Undifferentiated A categorical value specification that is a histologic grade assigned to a tumor slide specimen according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 7th Edition grading system. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System A categorical value specification that is a histologic grade assigned to a tumor slide specimen according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Histologic Grade (Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System histologic grade for ovarian tumor A categorical value specification that is a histologic grade assigned to a ovarian tumor. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB histologic grade for ovarian tumor histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to a two-tier grading system A histologic grade for ovarian tumor that is from a two-tier histological classification of tumors. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to a two-tier grading system histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization A histologic grade for ovarian tumor that is from a histological classification by the World Health Organization (WHO). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of colorectal cancer following the rules of the TNM American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) version 7 classification system as they pertain to staging of the primary tumor. TNM pathologic primary tumor findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis pT: Pathologic spread colorectal primary tumor (AJCC 7th Edition) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of lung cancer following the rules of the TNM American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) version 7 classification system as they pertain to staging of the primary tumor. TNM pathologic primary tumor findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis pT: Pathologic spread lung primary tumor (AJCC 7th Edition) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of renal cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of the primary tumor. TNM pathologic primary tumor findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis pT: Pathologic spread kidney primary tumor (AJCC 7th Edition) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of ovarian cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of the primary tumor. TNM pathologic primary tumor findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis pT: Pathologic spread ovarian primary tumor (AJCC 7th Edition) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of colorectal cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of regional lymph nodes. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis pN: Pathologic spread colon lymph nodes (AJCC 7th Edition) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of lung cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of regional lymph nodes. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis pN: Pathologic spread colon lymph nodes (AJCC 7th Edition) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic lymph node stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of renal cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of regional lymph nodes. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis pN: Pathologic spread kidney lymph nodes (AJCC 7th Edition) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB pathologic lymph node stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic lymph node stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of ovarian cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of regional lymph nodes. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis pN: Pathologic spread ovarian lymph nodes (AJCC 7th Edition) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB pathologic lymph node stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of colon cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis M: colon distant metastases (AJCC 7th Edition) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of lung cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis M: lung distant metastases (AJCC 7th Edition) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic distant metastases stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of renal cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis M: kidney distant Metastases (AJCC 7th Edition) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB pathologic distant metastases stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic distant metastases stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of ovarian cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis M: ovarian distant metastases (AJCC 7th Edition) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB pathologic distant metastases stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is an assessment of the stage of a cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) v7 staging systems. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Clinical tumor stage group (AJCC 7th Edition) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification A categorical value specification that is an assessment of the stage of a gynecologic cancer according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging systems. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Clinical FIGO stage NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of ovarian cancer following the rules of the FIGO classification system. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Pathologic Tumor Stage Grouping for ovarian cancer (FIGO) NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification performance status value specification A categorical value specification that is an assessment of a participant's performance status (general well-being and activities of daily life). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Performance Status Scale https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_status NCI BBRB performance status value specification Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification A performance status value specification designed by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group to assess disease progression and its affect on the daily living abilities of the patient. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis ECOG score NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification Karnofsky score vaue specification A performance status value specification designed for classifying patients 16 years of age or older by their functional impairment. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Karnofsky Score NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB Karnofsky score vaue specification altitude measurement datum A length measurement datum between a point at sea or ground level and some point above it. Chris Stoeckert Adapted from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/altitude altitude measurement datum material supplier A person or organization that provides material supplies to other people or organizations. Rebecca Jackson https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1289 material supplier organism animal fungus plant virus A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. 10/21/09: This is a placeholder term, that should ideally be imported from the NCBI taxonomy, but the high level hierarchy there does not suit our needs (includes plasmids and 'other organisms') 13-02-2009: OBI doesn't take position as to when an organism starts or ends being an organism - e.g. sperm, foetus. This issue is outside the scope of OBI. Stub class to serve as root of hierarchy for imports from NCBI Taxonomy. GROUP: OBI Biomaterial Branch WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism organism organism specimen Biobanking of blood taken and stored in a freezer for potential future investigations stores specimen. A material entity that has the specimen role. Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation. PERSON: James Malone PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra GROUP: OBI Biomaterial Branch specimen data transformation The application of a clustering protocol to microarray data or the application of a statistical testing method on a primary data set to determine a p-value. A planned process that produces output data from input data. Elisabetta Manduchi Helen Parkinson James Malone Melanie Courtot Philippe Rocca-Serra Richard Scheuermann Ryan Brinkman Tina Hernandez-Boussard data analysis data processing Branch editors data transformation leave one out cross validation method The authors conducted leave-one-out cross validation to estimate the strength and accuracy of the differentially expressed filtered genes. http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/19/3/368 is a data transformation : leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) involves using a single observation from the original sample as the validation data, and the remaining observations as the training data. This is repeated such that each observation in the sample is used once as the validation data 2009-11-10. Tracker: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2893049&group_id=177891&atid=886178 Person:Helen Parkinson leave one out cross validation method k-means clustering A k-means clustering is a data transformation which achieves a class discovery or partitioning objective, which takes as input a collection of objects (represented as points in multidimensional space) and which partitions them into a specified number k of clusters. The algorithm attempts to find the centers of natural clusters in the data. The most common form of the algorithm starts by partitioning the input points into k initial sets, either at random or using some heuristic data. It then calculates the mean point, or centroid, of each set. It constructs a new partition by associating each point with the closest centroid. Then the centroids are recalculated for the new clusters, and the algorithm repeated by alternate applications of these two steps until convergence, which is obtained when the points no longer switch clusters (or alternatively centroids are no longer changed). Elisabetta Manduchi James Malone Philippe Rocca-Serra WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-means k-means clustering hierarchical clustering A hierarchical clustering is a data transformation which achieves a class discovery objective, which takes as input data item and builds a hierarchy of clusters. The traditional representation of this hierarchy is a tree (visualized by a dendrogram), with the individual input objects at one end (leaves) and a single cluster containing every object at the other (root). James Malone WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_clustering#Hierarchical_clustering hierarchical clustering dimensionality reduction A dimensionality reduction is data partitioning which transforms each input m-dimensional vector (x_1, x_2, ..., x_m) into an output n-dimensional vector (y_1, y_2, ..., y_n), where n is smaller than m. Elisabetta Manduchi James Malone Melanie Courtot Philippe Rocca-Serra data projection PERSON: Elisabetta Manduchi PERSON: James Malone PERSON: Melanie Courtot dimensionality reduction principal components analysis dimensionality reduction A principal components analysis dimensionality reduction is a dimensionality reduction achieved by applying principal components analysis and by keeping low-order principal components and excluding higher-order ones. Elisabetta Manduchi James Malone Melanie Courtot Philippe Rocca-Serra pca data reduction PERSON: Elisabetta Manduchi PERSON: James Malone PERSON: Melanie Courtot principal components analysis dimensionality reduction data visualization Generation of a heatmap from a microarray dataset An planned process that creates images, diagrams or animations from the input data. Elisabetta Manduchi James Malone Melanie Courtot Tina Boussard data encoding as image visualization PERSON: Elisabetta Manduchi PERSON: James Malone PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON: Tina Boussard Possible future hierarchy might include this: information_encoding >data_encoding >>image_encoding data visualization data transformation objective normalize objective An objective specification to transformation input data into output data Modified definition in 2013 Philly OBI workshop James Malone PERSON: James Malone data transformation objective partitioning data transformation A partitioning data transformation is a data transformation that has objective partitioning. James Malone PERSON: James Malone partitioning data transformation partitioning objective A k-means clustering which has partitioning objective is a data transformation in which the input data is partitioned into k output sets. A partitioning objective is a data transformation objective where the aim is to generate a collection of disjoint non-empty subsets whose union equals a non-empty input set. Elisabetta Manduchi James Malone PERSON: Elisabetta Manduchi partitioning objective class discovery data transformation A class discovery data transformation (sometimes called unsupervised classification) is a data transformation that has objective class discovery. James Malone clustering data transformation unsupervised classification data transformation PERSON: James Malone class discovery data transformation class discovery objective A class discovery objective (sometimes called unsupervised classification) is a data transformation objective where the aim is to organize input data (typically vectors of attributes) into classes, where the number of classes and their specifications are not known a priori. Depending on usage, the class assignment can be definite or probabilistic. James Malone clustering objective discriminant analysis objective unsupervised classification objective PERSON: Elisabetta Manduchi PERSON: James Malone class discovery objective class prediction objective A class prediction objective (sometimes called supervised classification) is a data transformation objective where the aim is to create a predictor from training data through a machine learning technique. The training data consist of pairs of objects (typically vectors of attributes) and class labels for these objects. The resulting predictor can be used to attach class labels to any valid novel input object. Depending on usage, the prediction can be definite or probabilistic. A classification is learned from the training data and can then be tested on test data. James Malone classification objective supervised classification objective PERSON: Elisabetta Manduchi PERSON: James Malone class prediction objective cross validation objective A cross validation objective is a data transformation objective in which the aim is to partition a sample of data into subsets such that the analysis is initially performed on a single subset, while the other subset(s) are retained for subsequent use in confirming and validating the initial analysis. James Malone rotation estimation objective WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_validation cross validation objective clustered data visualization A data visualization which has input of a clustered data set and produces an output of a report graph which is capable of rendering data of this type. James Malone clustered data visualization planned irradiation PMID: 18563778.Histological and modeling study of skin thermal injury to 2.0 mum laser irradiation.Lasers Surg Med. 2008 Jun 18;40(5):358-370. A planned process by which a material entity is exposed to radiative energy, which could be ionizing radiation (such as gamma rays, X-rays, charged particles or neutrons) or non-ionizing radiation (such as UV light or microwaves) Philippe Rocca-Serra adapted from wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiation) planned irradiation light source A light source is an optical subsystem that provides light for use in a distant area using a delivery system (e.g., fiber optics). Light sources may include one of a variety of lamps (e.g., xenon, halogen, mercury). Most light sources are operated from line power, but some may be powered from batteries. They are mostly used in endoscopic, microscopic, and other examination and/or in surgical procedures. The light source is part of the optical subsystem. In a flow cytometer the light source directs high intensity light at particles at the interrogation point. The light source in a flow cytometer is usually a laser. Elizabeth M. Goralczyk John Quinn Olga Tchuvatkina Practical Flow Cytometry 4th Edition, Howard Shapiro, ISBN-10: 0471411256, ISBN-13: 978-0471411253 light source study design a matched pairs study design describes criteria by which subjects are identified as pairs which then undergo the same protocols, and the data generated is analyzed by comparing the differences between the paired subjects, which constitute the results of the executed study design. A plan specification comprised of protocols (which may specify how and what kinds of data will be gathered) that are executed as part of an investigation and is realized during a study design execution. Editor note: there is at least an implicit restriction on the kind of data transformations that can be done based on the measured data available. PERSON: Chris Stoeckert experimental design rediscussed at length (MC/JF/BP). 12/9/08). The definition was clarified to differentiate it from protocol. study design A material entity which is clinically abnormal and part of an extended organism. Disorders are the physical basis of disease. disorder An object aggregate all of whose components are human beings. An object aggregate all of whose components are human beings. collection of humans 2 An object aggregate that is not itself an organization and whose members are only organizations that have some feature in common William R. Hogan Amanda Hicks It is often convenient to group organizations together that otherwise might not even interact with one another. aggregate of organizations material entity role A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities quality (PATO) PATO:0000001 quality A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities PATOC:GVG A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed. age A single physical entity inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's quantities or relative ratios of subparts. composed of compositionality content structure, composition composition A quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance. concentration concentration of A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resistance to pressure, being broken, or pierced impenetrability toughness hardness morphology A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. morphology A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc). relational shape quality shape A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence. temporal incidence occurrence qualitative A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average. deviation (from_normal) A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude. size length A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points. length A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter. mass A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity. location placement relational spatial quality position A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. conformation relational structural quality structure A physical quality of the thermal energy of a system. temperature A morphologic quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative size, organization and distribution of its surface elements or the representation or invention of the appearance of its surface; visual and tactile surface characteristics. texture A quality in which events occur in sequence. time An organismal quality inhering in a bearer or a population by virtue of the bearer's disposition to survive and develop normally or the number of surviving individuals in a given population. viability An age which is relatively high. old An age which is relatively low. young A hardness quality of being rigid and resistant to pressure. firm impenetrable tough hard A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a horizontal surface without a slope, tilt, or curvature. plate-like flat A size quality which is relatively low. hypoplasia underdeveloped reduced small tiny decreased size A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being uninterrupted in time, sequence, substance, or extent. uninterrupted continuous An optical quality which obtains by virtue of the ability of the bearer to absorb visible light. opacity A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being clear; not transmitting or reflecting light or radiant energy. non-transparent clouding cloudy opaque A structure quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to admit the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. porosity A porosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being capable of admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. porous A physical quality of a fluid inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to internal resistance to flow. viscosity A viscosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having viscosity. viscous A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. relational physical quality physical quality A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's length being notably higher than its width. elongated A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being narrow, with the two opposite margins parallel. linear A quality which inheres in an process. quality of a process quality of occurrent quality of process relational quality of occurrent process quality physical object quality A quality which inheres in a continuant. monadic quality of a continuant multiply inhering quality of a physical entity quality of a continuant quality of a single physical entity quality of an object quality of continuant monadic quality of an object monadic quality of continuant physical object quality A physical quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with electromagnetic radiation. electromagnetic (EM) radiation quality An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light. optical quality A temperature which is relatively low. cold low temperature decreased temperature A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lack of distinct morphology. amorphous A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having distinct structure. structured A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking distinct structure. unstructured A viability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the cessation of the bearer's life. dead A concentration quality inhering in a medium by virtue of the bearer's tendency to hydronate a specific reference base. medium acidity An medium acidity quality inhering in a solution by virtue of the bearer's a high concentration of H+ ions. acidic A position which is relatively high. high position increased position A positional which is relatively low. low position decreased position A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having an oblique or slanted direction. sloped A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being thicker or more closely packed together; pressed tightly together. compact compressed squashed dense condensed A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. flexibility A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's inability of being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. stiff stiffness inflexible A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable. solidity quality of a solid A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity consisting of particles that have neither a defined volume nor defined shape. gaseous quality of a gas A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter between a gas and a solid that has a definite volume, but no definite shape. liquidity quality of a liquid A mass which is higher than normal or average. high mass large mass increased mass A surface shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a degree of bending. curvature A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. osmolarity A osmolarity which is relatively high. high osmolarity increased osmolarity A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's vertical distance of a point above or below a reference surface. elevation An elevation which is relatively high. high elevation elevated increased elevation An elevation which is relatively low. low elevation decreased elevation A viscosity which relatively high. high viscosity increased viscosity An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to lose an entity by natural process. shedability A quality inhering in a plant by virtue of the bearer's disposition to shed foliage. deciduous (plant) A quality inhering in a plant by virtue of the bearer's disposition to retain foliage. evergreen (plant) radiation quality A composition quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing granules. granular A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer's being covered by a liquid. wetness A wetness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being covered by a liquid. wet A wetness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being covered by a liquid. dry A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing acid (hydrogen ions). pH acidity A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being kept below its freezing point. frozen A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. organismal quality physical quality of a process A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processing the form of a thin plate sheet or layer. laminar sloped downward A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue the bearer's being changed in position. displaced A quality which inheres in a molecular entity, a single molecule, atom, ion, radical etc. relational molecular quality molecular quality A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution. quality of a substance A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being roundish, flattish shape, possibly with a slightly angled edge. plate-like platelike A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's surface becoming more extended in a plane. compressed flattened A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. increased quality A quality that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. decreased quality A quality of an object that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. decreased object quality A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. increased object quality A temporal distribution pattern of process occurrences within a regulation/reference process. temporal distribution quality A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's upper parts die back to the rootstock at the end of the growing season. herbaceous A quality inhering in air by virtue of the partial pressure exerted by the bearer's water vapour content. humidity An increase in humidity. humid increased humidity The propensity of a material to undergo combustion. Combustion encompasses smouldering and flaming combustion. Combustibility is usually applied to solids. combustibility An increase in combustibility. combustible increased combustibility A quality of a substance on which or through which electromagnetic radiation impinges or traverses with respect to radiation. This substance quality changes the quality of the incident radiation with respect to any of: intensity, direction, scatter and wavelength. quality of interaction of a substance with electromagnetic radiation Examples include: population, community, species (meaning the collection of organisms that makes up a species, not the taxonomic rank), and family. A material entity that consists of two or more organisms, viruses, or viroids. group of organism organism collection May be of the same or different species. collection of organisms This a general term that can include every organism of a species living in an area or any subset of them. Subclasses can be more specific as needed. A collection of organisms, all of the same species, that live in the same place. ISBN:0878932739 It is sometimes difficult to define the physical boundaries of a population. In the case of sexually reproducing organisms, the individuals within a population have the potential to reproduce with one another during the course of their lifetimes. 'Community', as often used to describe a group of humans, is a type of population of organisms. Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', IDO_0000509) and OBI ('population', OBI_0000181). The definitions should be standardized across OBO Foundry ontologies and only one term used. population of organisms A multi-species collection of organisms of at least two different species, living in a particular area. Must have at least two populations of different species as members. multispecies community ISBN:0865423504 envoPolar Ecological community is defined broadly here, but includes both ecological interactions (inherited from parent term community) and spatial co-existence. It may be used to describe every organisms living in an area, but is often used to refer only to organisms of a particular taxon or guild (e.g., the plant community, the insect community, the herbivore community). The word community, as it often used to describe a group of humans living together, is a type of single-species collection of organisms, not an ecological community. ecological community A material entity that has as parts two or more organisms, viruses, or viroids of the same species and no members of any other species. collection of organisms of the same species single-species collection of organisms A collection of organisms that consists of two or more organisms from at least two species. Need to add axiom to specify that it has at a mimum members of two different species, but not sure how to specify that. Can't say "('has member' only ('member of' min 2 'species as a collection of organisms'))". multi-species collection of organisms A material entity that is one or more organisms, viruses or viroids. organismal entity A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism. genet (broad) ramet (broad) PO_GIT:538 PO_GIT:69 planta entera (Spanish, exact) 植物体全体 (Japanese, exact) bush (narrow) frutex (narrow) frutices (narrow) gametophyte (narrow) herb (narrow) liana (narrow) prothalli (narrow) prothallium (narrow) prothallus (narrow) seedling (narrow) shrub (narrow) sporophyte (narrow) suffrutex (narrow) suffrutices (narrow) tree (narrow) vine (narrow) woody clump (narrow) plant_anatomy clonal colony (related) colony (related) PO:0000003 Examples include plant embryo (PO:0009009), megagametophyte (PO:0025279) and microgametophyte (PO:0025280). whole plant A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism. POC:curators planta entera (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物体全体 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki frutex (narrow) FNA:e4dde193-57f7-4ab9-9d25-96b4ca0088ba frutices (narrow) FNA:ec8c2064-2a67-43d7-8e14-aecfef5cf33b prothalli (narrow) FNA:4b610104-1bb0-4c6b-9bb9-e3cc61d11ac0 prothallus (narrow) FNA:f8f31520-e4bc-4430-9274-8dd3cee7ffd8 suffrutex (narrow) FNA:99508f62-7116-4e2b-90c0-19ff55ebd967 suffrutices (narrow) FNA:ba1b1bd5-75bd-4195-b11c-3aba08da08c2 woody clump (narrow) FNA:c1ccca7d-2a98-4a9d-8603-c34b551935e0 A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the most distal part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and has as parts a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and the youngest primordia (PO:0025127). PO_GIT:234 &#225pice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0000037 shoot axis apex A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the most distal part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and has as parts a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and the youngest primordia (PO:0025127). POC:curators &#225pice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) which is the organogenic region of the meristem, characterized by higher rates of cell division. zona perif&#233rica (Spanish, exact) 周辺帯 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy peripheral meristem (related) PO:0000225 peripheral zone A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) which is the organogenic region of the meristem, characterized by higher rates of cell division. ISBN:0521288959 TAIR_curator:Leonore_Reiser zona perif&#233rica (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 周辺帯 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A native plant cell (PO:0025606) synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall. CL:0000034 PO_GIT:272 c&#233lula meristem&#225tica (Spanish, exact) stem cell (exact) 分裂組織細胞 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0004010 meristematic cell A native plant cell (PO:0025606) synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall. ISBN:0471245208 POC:Laurel_Cooper c&#233lula meristem&#225tica (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 分裂組織細胞 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a root anlagen (PO:0025433) and is committed to the development of a root (PO:0009005). PO_GIT:467 portion of root primordium tissue (exact) primordio de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) root primordia (exact, plural) 根原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0005029 A root primordium may arise from cells of a pericycle (PO:0006203) in a root in most seed plant (pericyclic lateral root primordium; PO:0025492), from cells of an endodermis (PO:0000252) in ferns and some seed plants (non-pericyclic lateral root primordium: PO:0025493), or from cells of a shoot axis (PO:0025029), in the case of a basal root primordium (PO:0025479) or shoot-borne root primordium (PO:0025480). Transition from root primordium to root occurs with the formation of a root cap (PO:0020123), shortly after the development of a root apical meristem (PO:0020147). root primordium A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a root anlagen (PO:0025433) and is committed to the development of a root (PO:0009005). ISBN:0521288959 POC:curators primordio de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 根原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A lateral plant organ (PO:0009008) produced by a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148). filoma (Spanish, exact) フィロム、葉(的）器官 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0006001 phyllome A lateral plant organ (PO:0009008) produced by a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148). POC:curators filoma (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo フィロム、葉(的）器官 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). PO_GIT:472 PO_GIT:583 meristema del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0006079 shoot system meristem A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal POC:Laurel_Cooper meristema del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outer layer of an apical meristem (PO:0020144), or the outer layer of a plant embryo proper (PO:0000001), and gives rise to a portion of epidermis (PO:0005679). PO_GIT:125 portion of protoderm tissue (exact) protodermis (Spanish, exact) 前表皮、原表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy dermatogen cell (related) PO:0006210 A protoderm may or may not arise from independent initial cells (PO:0004011). Some researchers also refer to it as an epidermis in a meristematic state. protoderm A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outer layer of an apical meristem (PO:0020144), or the outer layer of a plant embryo proper (PO:0000001), and gives rise to a portion of epidermis (PO:0005679). ISBN:0471245208 POC:Laurel_Cooper protodermis (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 前表皮、原表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003). PO_GIT:390 plant_structure_development_stage Solanaceae whole plant growth stages (SGN:0000001) (related) cereal plant growth stage ontology (GRO:0007199) (related) maize growth stage (GRO:0007002) (related) plant growth stages in Arabidopsis (TAIR:0000021) (related) rice growth stage (GRO:0007040) (related) sorghum growth stage (GRO:0007124) (related) wheat, barley and oat growth stage (GRO:0007156) (related) PO:0007033 whole plant development stage A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003). POC:curators A cell which is a plant structure (PO:0009011). cell (broad) GO:0005623 PO_GIT:56 c&#233lula vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物細胞 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0009002 Applies to cells that are living or dead at maturity (e.g., fiber cell or tracheid) and includes any external encapsulating structures (if present) such as the plasma membrane and the plant-type cell wall. Definition of cell GO:0005623: "The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope". GO:0009505. Definition of plant-type cell wall (GO:0009505): A more or less rigid structure lying outside the cell membrane of a cell and composed of cellulose and pectin and other organic and inorganic substances, synonym; exact: cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall. plant cell A cell which is a plant structure (PO:0009011). GO:0005623 POC:curators c&#233lula vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物細胞 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant axis (PO:0025004) that lacks shoot axis nodes (PO:0005004) and usually grows indeterminately. PO:0003006 PO_GIT:578 ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) radices (exact, plural) radix (exact) 根 (Japanese, exact) aerial root (narrow) climbing root (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0009005 Roots function in the absorption of water and inorganic nutrients, anchoring the plant body to the substrate and supporting it, storage of food and nutrients, and vegetative reproduction. The roots of most vascular plant species enter into symbiosis with soil-borne microorganisms. Roots are usually positively geotropic and found underground, although there are many exceptions such as the aerial roots of orchids. Roots often form secondary thickening from the root lateral meristem (PO:0006308). Commonly thought of as one of the three basic parts of the plant body, along with the shoot axis (PO:0025029) and leaves (PO:0025034). root A plant axis (PO:0025004) that lacks shoot axis nodes (PO:0005004) and usually grows indeterminately. ISBN:978-0879015329 ISBN:9780964022157 NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo radices (exact, plural) FNA:3c46e84c-23e4-416b-91cd-2f7c42e4b13d radix (exact) FNA:e6315684-fc99-4976-b39d-b356c4b7e7fd 根 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki climbing root (narrow) FNA:bf0ce902-e91c-401a-92a8-26b20142ce5f A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces shoot-borne portions of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) and the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them. PO_GIT:135 sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact) tree crown (narrow) plant_anatomy Poaceae crown (related) shoot (related) thalli (related) thallus (related) PO:0009006 The shoot system is generally used to refer to the above-ground plant parts, although some plants have parts of their shoot system underground. For example, a rhizome (PO:0004542), bulb (PO:0025356), a corm (PO:0025355) or a subterranean tuber (PO:0004547), as in Solanum tuberosum (potato) or yam, are all part of the shoot system. shoot system A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces shoot-borne portions of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) and the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them. POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki thalli (related) FNA:d1431b5c-7b86-46a0-8d3c-bd426fe12c85 thallus (related) FNA:02756ad4-a09c-48d7-8754-903254e557a9 A plant structure (PO:0009011) that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells (PO:0009002) of one or more types. portion of tissue (broad) tissue (broad) PO_GIT:59 porci&#243n de un tejido vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物組織の一部 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy plant tissue (related) PO:0009007 A portion of plant tissue may contain one or several types of cells that are organized in a specific spatial arrangement into a structural unit (which includes a mass of callus) and may include an intercellular matrix. May include other types of isolated cells, such as idioblasts. portion of plant tissue A plant structure (PO:0009011) that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells (PO:0009002) of one or more types. POC:curators TAIR_curator:Leonore_Reiser porci&#243n de un tejido vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物組織の一部 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that is a functional unit, is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types that derive from a common developmental path. organ (broad) PO_GIT:55 &#243rgano vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物 器官 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy compound plant organ (related) simple plant organ (related) PO:0009008 Examples include stem (PO:0009047), leaf (PO:0025034), and root (PO:0009005). May include individual plant cells (PO:0009002) that are not part of a portion of plant tissue (e.g., idioblasts, PO:0000283). A plant organ may have one or more different plant organs as parts, such as a sporophyll (PO:0009026) that may have as part a sporangium (PO:0025094) or a carpel (PO:0009030) that may have as part a plant ovule (PO:0020003). plant organ A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that is a functional unit, is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types that derive from a common developmental path. POC:curators &#243rgano vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物 器官 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki simple plant organ (related) PATO:01503 A plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) that is, or was, part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant. PO_GIT:57 estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物 構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0009011 'Part' includes both proper parts and the whole plant. CARO:0000003 'connected anatomical structure' is defined as: Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape, generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. plant structure A plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) that is, or was, part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant. CARO:0000003 POC:curators estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物 構造 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki 'Part' includes both proper parts and the whole plant. CARO:0000003 'connected anatomical structure' is defined as: Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape, generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. PO:cooperl A stage in the life of a plant structure (PO:0009011) during which the plant structure undergoes developmental processes. PO:0007021 PO_GIT:185 etapa de desarrollo de estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) plant growth and development stage (exact) plant_structure_development_stage Arabidopsis growth (related) PO:0009012 Refers to GO:0032502 'developmental process', which includes growth, differentiation, and senescence, and BFO:0000003 'ocurrent'. plant structure development stage A stage in the life of a plant structure (PO:0009011) during which the plant structure undergoes developmental processes. BFO:0000003 GO:0032502 POC:curators etapa de desarrollo de estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo Arabidopsis growth (related) TAIR:0000205 A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) in which plant cells (PO:0009002) have retained their embryonic characteristics, or have reverted to them secondarily, and that divide to produce new cells that can undergo differentiation to form mature tissues, i.e. they have a capacity for morphogenesis and growth. PO_GIT:472 meristem (exact) meristema (Spanish, exact) meristematic tissue (exact) 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0009013 portion of meristem tissue A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) in which plant cells (PO:0009002) have retained their embryonic characteristics, or have reverted to them secondarily, and that divide to produce new cells that can undergo differentiation to form mature tissues, i.e. they have a capacity for morphogenesis and growth. APweb:Glossary Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal meristema (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A maximal portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) located at a shoot apex (PO:0000037) or root tip (PO:0000025). promeristem (broad) PO_GIT:579 AM (exact) meristema apical (Spanish, exact) 頂端分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy primary meristem (related) PO:0020144 apical meristem A maximal portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) located at a shoot apex (PO:0000037) or root tip (PO:0000025). Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators meristema apical (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 頂端分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A shoot system meristem (PO:0006079) formed at the apex of the shoot axis (PO:0025029), including those originating from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232). promeristem (broad) PO_GIT:472 SAM (exact) meristema apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) 茎頂分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy primary shoot meristem (related) PO:0020148 shoot apical meristem A shoot system meristem (PO:0006079) formed at the apex of the shoot axis (PO:0025029), including those originating from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232). POC:Laurel_Cooper UMSL_curator:fz meristema apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 茎頂分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki An axial plant organ (PO:0009008). rwalls 2010-07-01T03:44:41Z eje de la planta (Spanish, exact) plant axes (exact, plural) 植物軸（軸柱） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025004 Includes roots and shoots. plant axis An axial plant organ (PO:0009008). POC:curators eje de la planta (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo plant axes (exact, plural) FNA:2355281f-ab10-4ae2-a3d8-672cace068a8 植物軸（軸柱） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A collective plant structure (PO:0025497) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and is composed of two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) and the associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). rwalls 2010-02-09T04:12:11Z PO_GIT:63 estructura vegetal colectiva de &#243rgano (Spanish, exact) 集合植物器官構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025007 Organs can be of the same type or different types. Examples include flower (PO:0009046), perianth (PO:0009058), and inflorescence (PO:0009049). See also collective organ part structure (PO:0025269), for plant structures composed of parts of multiple organs, but no complete plant organs. This was formerly named collective plant structure. collective plant organ structure A collective plant structure (PO:0025497) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and is composed of two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) and the associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). POC:curators estructura vegetal colectiva de &#243rgano (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 集合植物器官構造 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces root meristems (PO:0006085), the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them and the parts thereof. rwalls 2010-07-01T02:11:26Z root (broad) PO_GIT:136 sistema de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) 根系 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025025 Generally the below ground portion of a vascular plant. root system A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces root meristems (PO:0006085), the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them and the parts thereof. POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators root (broad) FNA:b7ce680b-c6ed-4d2e-81e6-66970f7deff9 sistema de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 根系 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). rwalls 2010-07-01T03:46:35Z caullome (exact) eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート軸 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy shoot (related) PO:0025029 Often bears leaves and branches. In vascular plants, has at least one node and one internode. shoot axis A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). POC:curators eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート軸 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is not associated with a reproductive structure. rwalls 2010-07-12T01:31:44Z PO_GIT:274 PO_GIT:301 hoja (Spanish, exact) 葉 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025034 leaf A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is not associated with a reproductive structure. POC:curators hoja (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 葉 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that has as parts protoderm (PO:0006210) and sub-epidermal meristematic tissue and is committed to the development of a particular plant structure (PO:0009011). rwalls 2010-11-15T09:10:22Z PO_GIT:186 portion of primordial tissue (exact) portion of primordium tissue (exact) primordia (exact, plural) primordio (Spanish, exact) 原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025127 A primordium appears as a protrusion and is the first distinct form of a plant organ (PO:0009008), cardinal organ part (PO:0025001), or collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007). The transition from a primordium to the plant structure it develops into is marked by the development of non-meristematic cells, although meristematic cells may be present after the transition. primordium A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that has as parts protoderm (PO:0006210) and sub-epidermal meristematic tissue and is committed to the development of a particular plant structure (PO:0009011). POC:curators primordio (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) and is part of a shoot apex (PO:0000037) and is committed to the development of a phyllome (PO:0006001). rwalls 2010-11-15T09:27:11Z PO_GIT:466 phyllome primordia (exact, plural) portion of phyllome primordium tissue (exact) primordio del filoma (Spanish, exact) フィロム原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025128 The transition from phyllome primordium to phyllome occurs when the first non-meristematic tissue develops begins to develop. phyllome primordium A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) and is part of a shoot apex (PO:0000037) and is committed to the development of a phyllome (PO:0006001). PMID:11572953 POC:curators primordio del filoma (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo フィロム原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant. rwalls 2010-11-15T11:41:38Z PO_GIT:224 entidad anat&#243mica vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物 解剖学（形態）的実体 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025131 Includes both material entities such as plant structures and immaterial entities such as plant anatomical spaces. CARO:0000000 'anatomical entity' is defined as: A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity aboove the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Refers to BFO:0000004 'independent continuant'. plant anatomical entity cjm An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant. BFO:0000004 CARO:0000000 POC:curators entidad anat&#243mica vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物 解剖学（形態）的実体 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki Includes both material entities such as plant structures and immaterial entities such as plant anatomical spaces. CARO:0000000 'anatomical entity' is defined as: A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity aboove the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Refers to BFO:0000004 'independent continuant'. CAROC:Brownsville2014 A maximal whole plant development stage. rwalls 2011-10-19T10:54:37Z PO_GIT:230 vida de la planta entera (Spanish, exact) 植物体の一生 (Japanese, exact) plant_structure_development_stage PO:0025337 There are only two types of life of whole plant. Every life of a whole plant is either a maximal gametophyte stage or a maximal sporophyte stage. life of whole plant stage A maximal whole plant development stage. POC:curators vida de la planta entera (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物体の一生 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and will give rise to a phyllome primordium (PO:0025128). Laurel_Cooper 2012-02-07T08:20:10Z phyllome meristem (broad) PO_GIT:427 フィロム原基 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025430 The phyllome anlagen is only detectable by gene expression, not morphology. phyllome anlagen A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and will give rise to a phyllome primordium (PO:0025128). POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators フィロム原基 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is committed to the development of a root primordium (PO:0005029). Laurel_Cooper 2012-02-08T01:00:56Z PO_GIT:427 precursor de ra&#237 (Spanish, exact) 根原基 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025433 Only detectable by gene expression, not morphology. May arise in a pericycle (PO:0006203), as for lateral roots in most seed plants, an endodermis (PO:0000252), as for lateral roots in ferns, or from parenchyma cells (PO:0000074) that are part a shoot axis (PO:0025029), in the case of a basal root (PO:0025002) or shoot-borne root (PO:0000042). root anlagen A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is committed to the development of a root primordium (PO:0005029). POC:curators precursor de ra&#237 (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 根原基 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant structure (PO:0009011) that has as parts two or more portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single structural unit demarcated by primarily bona-fide boundaries from other structural units of different types. Laurel_Cooper 2012-06-11T14:57:00Z PO_GIT:480 estructura vegetal con m&#250ltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact) 複数の組織からなる植物構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025496 Most multi-tissue plant structures have at least a small connection to other plant structures via a fiat boundary, such as where a leaf (PO:0025034) connects to a shoot axis (PO:0025029), a petal (PO:0009032) connects to a receptacle (PO:0009064), or a branch (PO:0025073) connects to a stem (PO:0009047). Refers to CARO:0000055 multi-tissue structure, def'n: Anatomical structure that has as parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types, and which through specific morphogenetic processes, form a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundries from other structural units of differnt types. multi-tissue plant structure A plant structure (PO:0009011) that has as parts two or more portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single structural unit demarcated by primarily bona-fide boundaries from other structural units of different types. CARO:0000055 POC:curators estructura vegetal con m&#250ltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 複数の組織からなる植物構造 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003) and includes two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) or adjacent cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001), along with any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). Laurel_Cooper 2012-06-11T15:09:20Z PO_GIT:479 estructura vegetal colectiva (Spanish, exact) 集合的植物構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025497 This is a parent term to describe both collective organ part structure (PO:0025269) (e.g. septum), as well as collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) (which was formerly named collective plant structure), for example shoot system (PO:0009006). collective plant structure A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003) and includes two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) or adjacent cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001), along with any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). POC:curators estructura vegetal colectiva (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 集合的植物構造 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant cell (PO:0009002) that is either part of a multicellular whole plant (PO:0000003) 'in vivo' or a unicellular organism 'in natura' (i.e. part of a natural environment). Laurel_Cooper 2014-05-13T16:51:47Z PO_GIT:586 plant_anatomy PO:0025606 A native plant cell is one that is not grown or maintained in vitro, nor part of an in vitro plant structure (PO:0000004). native plant cell A plant cell (PO:0009002) that is either part of a multicellular whole plant (PO:0000003) 'in vivo' or a unicellular organism 'in natura' (i.e. part of a natural environment). POC:Laurel_Cooper A whole plant development stage (PO:0007033) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003) during the interval between fertilization (or apogamy) and death. rwalls 2010-07-15T02:56:11Z PO_GIT:139 PO_GIT:68 fase esporof&#237tica (Spanish, exact) sporophytic development stage (exact) sporophytic phase (exact) sporphyte phase (exact) 胞子体発生過程 (Japanese, exact) plant_structure_development_stage PO:0028002 A whole plant (PO:0000003) in the sporophyte development stage usually has twice the chromosome complement of a plant in the gametophytic phase, but may not in the case of apogamy. Examples of apogamy include both naturally occurring instances (such as sporophytes arising form haploid cells as in bryophytes or ferns) as well as in vitro instances (such as haploid embryo culture or in vitro fusion of non-gamete cells or protoplasts). During the sporophyte development stage, a plant may produce meiospores by meiosis. sporophyte development stage A whole plant development stage (PO:0007033) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003) during the interval between fertilization (or apogamy) and death. POC:curators fase esporof&#237tica (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 胞子体発生過程 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki Ionizing radiation classified by the material entity which generates or emits it. ionizing radiation categorized by source Radiation originating outside the Earth's atmosphere. space radiation One of the principal sources of ground radiation is radon gas. Radiation produced on Earth or on another planetary body by natural or artificial means. ground radiation Material presenting, when irradiated, interaction properties similar to those of soft tissue. ICRP glossary (http://icrpaedia.org/Tissue_equivalent_material) tissue equivalent material Atomic nuclei, each with 26 protons and 30 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator Fe-56 ion radiation Atomic nuclei, each with 6 protons and 6 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator C-12 ion radiation Atomic nuclei, each with 14 protons and 14 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator Si-28 ion radiation Atomic nuclei, each with 2 protons and 2 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator He-4 ion radiation Atomic nuclei, each with 10 protons and 10 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator Ne-20 ion radiation An atomic nucleus, fully stripped of its orbital electrons, and containing 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 protons. light ion Ionization chambers and silicon solid state detectors can be used as active dosimeters. A radiation measuring device which records dose at the time of detection, with data available in real time active dosimeter Thermoluminescent dosimeters and plastic nuclear track detectors are passive detectors. A radiation measuring device which integrates the amount of radiation to which it is exposed. Passive detectors are interrogated at a later time to determine the dose. passive dosimeter The amount of ionizing radiation to which a member of the population on Earth is exposed from natural sources, such as terrestrial radiation from naturally-occurring radionuclides in the soil, cosmic radiation originating in outer space, and naturally-occurring ra background ionizing radiation The effective dose was calculated to be 300 mSv. The sum of the equivalent doses to all organs in the body, each adjusted to account for the sensitivity of the organ to radiation. Effective dose is calculated for the whole body. Effective dose is expressed in millisieverts (mSv). effective dose The samples were exposed to a mixed radiation field consisting of several ions at different energies. The process of exposing the same sample to more than one type and/or energy of radiation, in sequence or simultaneously. mixed field|mixed radiation field mixed radiation Radiation classified by where the exposure to the radiation is occurring. radiation environment That part of the Earth exposed to the Earth atmosphere. earth surface The region between the Earth's surface and an altitude of approximately 100 km earth atmosphere LEO The region of outer space between the Earth's atmosphere and the innermost Earth radiation belt LEO low earth orbit BLEO That part of outer space beyond the Earth's radiation belts. BLEO beyond low earth orbit fractionated A radiation dose administered in two or more exposures at specified time intervals fractionated radiation exposure A unit of absorbed dose equal to 1/1000 of a rad mrad millirad The equivalent dose was calculated to be 300 mSv. The product of the mean absorbed dose in an organ or tissue and the radiation weighting factor (w_R )of the radiation type of interest equivalent dose The total dose was administered in five dose fractions. The absorbed radiation dose administered in a single one of a series comprising a fractionated radiation exposure dose fraction Penetrating ionizing radiation, both particulate and electromagnetic, that originates in outer space cosmic radiation Galactic cosmic radiation is one of the principal sources of radiation dose outside low-earth orbit Galactic cosmic radiation consists of high-energy charged particles originating from outside the solar system galactic cosmic radiation Solar cosmic radiation contributes to the radiation dose to humans in space. Solar cosmic radiation is high-energy charged particles that originate from the sun. solar cosmic radiation The dose rate was 0.5 mGy/min. The measurement datum representing a dose to an organism or object per unit time. dose rate The Apollo spacecraft took 24 astronauts to the Moon between 1968 and 1972. Vehicles, crewed or uncrewed, which are designed to orbit about the Earth or another celestial body or be placed into a trajectory to another celestial body or location in space. NASA Thesaurus, 1988 spacecraft a self-contained unit of a spacecraft spacecraft module ISS module The experiment was conducted in the International Space Station module Columbus The experiment was conducted on the Russian module of the ISS. A self-contained unit of the International Space Station. international space station module Mir was a space station that operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet Union and later by Russia. A spacecraft capable of supporting a human crew in orbit for an extended period of time. It lacks major propulsion or landing systems. Stations must have docking ports to allow other spacecraft to dock to transfer crew and supplies. Wikipedia space station The HIMAC accelerator has a beamline dedicated for radiation biology experiments. The path leading from a particle accelerator to an experimental station used in experiments in particle physics, materials science, chemistry, and molecular biology, or in irradiation tests or to produce isotopes. Wikipedia particle accelerator beamline Radiation produced by a particle accelerator. particle accelerator radiation Radiation produced by a nuclear reactor. nuclear reactor radiation Cs-137 gamma High energy photons emitted during nuclear decay of the Cesium-137 isotope. Cs-137 cesium-137 gamma radiation Co-60 gamma High energy photons emitted during nuclear decay of the Cobalt-60 isotope. Co-60 cobalt-60 gamma radiation Co-57 gamma High energy photons emitted during nuclear decay of the Cobalt-57 isotope. obo:RBO_00000060 Co-57 cobalt-57 gamma radiation Isotopes that exhibit radioactivity and undergo radioactive decay. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D011868 radionuclide A series of radioactive elements from ACTINIUM, atomic number 89, to and including LAWRENCIUM, atomic number 103 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D008671 actinide A trivalent radioactive element and the prototypical member of the actinide family. It has the atomic symbol Ac, and atomic number 89. Its principal isotope is 227 and it decays primarily by beta-emission. http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D000186 actinium A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, and atomic number 95. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D000576 americium A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cf, atomic number 98, and atomic weight 251. Its valence can be +2 or +3. Californium has medical use as a radiation source for radiotherapy http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D002142 californium A radioactive element of the actinide metals family. It has the atomic symbol Np, and atomic number 93. http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D009405 neptunium A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, and atomic number 94. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons. http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D011005 plutonium A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol Th, atomic number 90, and atomic weight 232.04. It is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to produce fissionable uranium isotopes. Because of its radioopacity, various thorium compounds are used to facilitate visualization in roentgenography. http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D013910 thorium A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors. http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D014501 uranium UV Electromagnetic radiation with photon energies approximately 3-120 eV. High energy UV radiation can be ioinizing. UV radiation http://son.nasa.gov/tass/content/electrospectrum.htm ultraviolet radiation radioprotector E.G. amifostine. A substance present at the time of irradiation that mitigates or prevents the biological effects of irradiation. Richard T. Hoppe, Theodore Locke Phillips, Mack Roach, Leibel and Phillips Textbook of Radiation Oncology (Third Edition), W.B. Saunders, (2010), ISBN 9781416058977, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4160-5897-7.00093-7. radioprotectant Radionuclide chelators are small organic molecules or in some cases larger peptides that chemically sequester the radionuclide ion by forming a complex that determines the thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness of the radionuclide. radionuclide chelator A co-carcinogen is generally a chemical that promotes the effects of a carcinogen in the production of cancer. In some circumstances exposure to radiation or physical trauma is considered to be co-carcinogenic. co-carcinogen Radiation response modifiers are agents that alter tumor or normal tissue response to radiation, such as radiation sensitizers and radiation protectors. Citrin DE, Mitchell JB. Altering the response to radiation: sensitizers and protectors. Semin Oncol. 2014 Dec;41(6):848-59. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2014.09.013. Epub 2014 Oct 7. PMID: 25499642; PMCID: PMC4270009. radiation response modifier Radiation response modifiers that are peptides. Shaghaghi, Zahra et al. “Potential utility of peptides against damage induced by ionizing radiation.” Future oncology (2021): doi/10.2217/fon-2020-0577 peptide radiation response modifier Radiation response modifiers that are small molecules. small molecule radiation response modifier A person employed or otherwise working in commercial activities where nuclear materials are created, handled or disposed and at risk of occupational radiation exposure. Excludes health workers. Nezahat Hunter, Richard G.E. Haylock, Michael Gillies, Wei Zhang; Extended analysis of solid cancer incidence among the Nuclear Industry Workers in the UK: 1955–2011. Radiat Res 2022; doi: https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-20-00269.1 nuclear industry worker astronaut military medical professional dentist radiologist The theme or modality of an experimental, theoretical, critical or summative study involving radiation, radioactive materials including their impacts on orgnisms and society. radiobiology investigation radiobiology study type An epidemiological study is the study (scientific, systematic, and data-driven) of the distribution (frequency, pattern) and determinants (causes, risk factors) of health-related states and events (not just diseases) in specified populations (neighborhood, school, city, state, country, global) https://www.cdc.gov/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson1/section1.html epidemiological study A study of the impact of radiation on the composition of or processes within the natural or anthropogenic environment. environmental study A owl:deprecated A study who endpoint is the lifespan of the organism under investifgation. lifespan study A study of the effect of agents including radiation, seperately or together, on the incidence or type of neoplasia or pre-neoplasia. carcinogenesis study A study in which the structural or processual damage to normal tissue caused by radiation is assessed. Often by histopathology or molecular profiling. tissue damage study A study of the mechanism or effects of radiation on dna damage and its repair. dna damage and repair study A study of the effects of internal or external radiation on cellular or organismal physiology. physiological study A study of the effects of radiation on the integrity, composition and quality of adult, fetal or embryonic anatomical structures. anatomical study A study of the effects of external irradiation on an organism. external exposure study A study of the effects of internal irradiation on an organism where the radiation source is internalised within the body tissues ( eg. by injection), gastrointestinal ( eg gavage), urogenital, auditory or respiratory ( eg instillation or inhalation) systems. internal contamination study A study of the effects of radiation exposure where the exposoure has an internal and external mode of application. mixed exposure route study A study of the effects of external irradiation on an organism where the most of the dose is given in a single or small number of fractions closely in time. acute external exposure study A study of the effects of external irradiation on an organism where the dose is given over a protracted time period either continuously or in many fractions. Often these are lose dose studies. chronic external exposure study A study of the effects of internal irradiation on an organism where the radiation source is internalised within the body tissues ( eg. by injection), gastrointestinal ( eg gavage), urogenital, auditory or respiratory ( eg instillation or inhalation) systems. The dose is delivered over a long period of time, often continuously and generlly at low dose. For example long term Radon exposure by inhalation. chronic internal contamination study A study of the effects of internal irradiation on an organism where the radiation source is internalised within the body tissues ( eg. by injection), gastrointestinal ( eg gavage), urogenital, auditory or respiratory ( eg instillation or inhalation) systems. Most of the dose is given over a short period of time and is generally unfractionated, such as in brachytherapy. acute internal contamination study A study of the effects of radiation exposure where the exposoure has an internal and external mode of application. Acute exposure involves usually a single exposure over a short period of time with no fractionation. acute mixed exposure route study A study of the effects of radiation exposure where the exposoure has an internal and external mode of application. Chronic exposure involves usually a continuous or highly fractionated exposure over a long period of time. chronic mixed exposure route study A study of the effects of radiation on gene expression. gene expression study A study of the effects of radiation on the proteome or individual proteins. proteomics study A study that aims at the discovery of protein, RNA or other molecular entities or modifcations that can act as reliable surrogates for the prediction or measurement of the effects of radiation or the response of the organism to radiation. marker discovery study A study that aims at the discovery, development or assessment of efficacy of therapeutic agents or processes designed to mitigate or cure the effects of radiation exposure. therapeutics study A owl:deprecated A study that uses survival as an endpoint. Generally applicable to animal studies rather than human studies which would use the "lifespan" measure (RBO:00000085) survival study A study of the effects of radiation on the metabolome or individual metabolites. metabolomics study A study of the contributing factors consequences and prevention of nuclear accidents nuclear accident study A owl:deprecated A study of the toxicity of chemical or biological agents on cells or whole organisms. toxicity study A study of the effects of radiation on the endocrine system or of endocrine hormones on the effects of radiation. endocrine study A study of the effects of radiation on the offspring of an irradiated animal or plant. transgenerational study offspring study A study of the distribution and metabolism orf drugs or biologicals used for therapeutic purposes. pharmacokinetics biokinetics study A set of behaviours that have some socially agreed upon function and for which there is an accepted code of norms. This may refer to a role within an organisation or within society as a whole. For example a Profession” can be defined as a cluster of occupational roles, or roles in which the incumbents perform certain functions valued in the organisation or society. occupational role Neutrons or charged particles, such as protons or alpha particles that produce ionizing events densely spaced on a molecular scale (e.g., >10 keV-micron^[-1]. NCRP https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf NCIT:C17052 high linear energy transfer radiation X and gamma rays or light charged particles such as electrons that produce sparse ionizing events far apart on a molecular scale. NCRP https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf NCIT:C17052 low LET|low-LET low linear energy transfer radiation Electromagnetic radiation having sufficient energy to remove one or more electrons from an atom ionizing electromagnetic radiation radiation dosimeter A device that is used to measure the amount of ionizing radiation exposure or absorption. radiation dosimeter NCIT NCIT:C150121 dosimeter radiation dosimeter device Particle or electromagnetic radiation with sufficient energy to liberate one or more electrons from an atom. ionising radiation NCIT:C17052 ionising radiation ionizing radiation charged particle Charged particles with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means (such as by a particle accelerator) charged particle NCIT:C18982 charged particle radiation NCIT:C19015 risk estimate NCIT:C19662 lifetime risk estimate electromagnetic radiation with photon energies greater than approximately 100 keV http://son.nasa.gov/tass/content/electrospectrum.htm NCIT:C44386 gamma radiation A device used to impart kinetic energy to subatomic particles by means of electric and magnetic fields NCIT:C94854 particle accelerator A device in which nuclear fission may be initiated and controlled in a self-sustaining chain reaction to generate energy or produce useful radiation. MESH:D009688 nuclear reactor GO:0008150 biological process owl:deprecated GO:0009987 cellular process owl:deprecated Atomic nuclei, each with 8 protons and 8 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator O-16 ion radiation Atomic nuclei, each with 18 protons and 22 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator Ar-40 ion radiation Atomic nuclei, each with 22 protons and 26 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator Ti-48 ion radiation Atomic nuclei, each with 36 protons and 48 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator Kr-84 ion radiation Atomic nuclei, each with 41 protons and 52 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator Nb-93 ion radiation Atomic nuclei, each with 47 protons and 60 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator Ag-107 ion radiation Atomic nuclei, each with 54 protons and 75 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator Xe-129 ion radiation Atomic nuclei, each with 73 protons and 108 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator Ta-181 ion radiation Atomic nuclei, each with 79 protons and 118 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator Au-197 ion radiation Atomic nuclei, each with 7 protons and 7 neutrons with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means such as by a particle accelerator N-14 ion radiation The process by which an entity is exposed to electromagnetic or acoustic radiation radiation energy internally or externally. 0000-0002-5111-7263 Irradiation radiation exposure Unplanned exposure to radiation of any type in any environment or otherwise planned process. 0000-0002-5111-7263 Accidental irradiation accidental radiation exposure Planned exposure of an entity to radiation of any type, for example as part of a medical or experimental procedure with the intention of exposing the entity to radiation energy internally or externally. 0000-0002-5111-7263 Planned irradiation planned radiation exposure Planned exposure of an organism to radiation of any type, internally or externally, with the intention to effect a diagnosis of disease. 0000-0002-5111-7263 Diagnostic irradiation medical diagnostic radiation exposure Exposure to naturally occurring radiation (NORM) of any type in any environment . 0000-0002-5111-7263 Environmental irradiation exposure to naturally ocurring radioactive material Planned exposure of an organism to radiation of any type, internally or externally, with the intention to effect a cure or mitigation of disease. 0000-0002-5111-7263 Therapeutic irradiation medical therapeutic radiation exposure Unplanned exposure to anthropogenic radiation of any type in any environment ; for example radiation from nuclear waste, nuclear industry discharge or weapons. 0000-0002-5111-7263 Accidental man-made radiation exposure accidental non-medical anthropogenic radiation exposure Exposure to ionising radiation created by a man-made machine or exposure to a fixed source. For example a cobalt source, an X ray machine, an acceleratororf a nucler weapon. 0000-0002-5111-7263 Exposure to human generated radiation anthropogenic radiation exposure Planned exposure to radiation generated through a device or exposure to a source emitting ionising radiation 0000-0002-5111-7263 planned anthropogenic radiation exposure Accidental or incidental exposure to radiation from a man made process or machine. Covers both radiation accidents and routine occupational exposure. 0000-0002-5111-7263 accidental anthropogenic radiation exposure Accidental exposure occurring during medical therapy or diagnostics, for example medical radiation accidents or overdoses. 0000-0002-5111-7263 accidental medical anthropogenic radiation exposure Incidental exposure to naturally occurring radiation in a natural or anthropogenic environment, such as geographical areas with high background levels of radiation or specific locations such as Uranium mines. 0000-0002-5111-7263 unplanned naturally occurring radiation exposure TRUE Deliberate or knowing exposure to naturally occurring radiation in a natural or anthropogenic environment, such as a radon spa. 0000-0002-5111-7263 planned naturally occurring radiation exposure Studies relating to human society and the interrelation of social and educational factors with individual thought and behaviour including mental illness. 0000-0002-5111-7263 social and psychosocial study Studies on the distribution of information or opinion by technological means of communication that reach large numbers of people. 0000-0002-5111-7263 http://purl.biolontology.org/ontology/CSP/1580-0981 mass media study Studies on the civil, legal, and political preparedness for accidental or deliberate release of radioactive materials or radiation into the environment. 0000-0002-5111-7263 preparedness study Studies in which research is conducted with human subjects or on material of human origin in which the investigator directly interacts with human subjects, including the dveelopment of new technologies, understanding of the mechanisms of disease, therapy, clinical trials, epidemiology behaviousrand health services research. 0000-0002-5111-7263 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/CSP/4006-0105 clinical study Study of the laws, statutes, ordinances, government or international treaty regulations or authoritative guidelines, as well as for legal controversy and court decisions, relating to the regulation of radiation safety, movement and containment of radioactive materials and the consequences for human health or the natural environment of radioactive contamination. 0000-0002-5111-7263 legal and governance study Studies relating to organisations and processes concerned with freedom from or resilience towards potential harm caused by hostile intent or circumstances (for example terrorism and illegal release of radioactive substances or radiation) towards the natural environment or human population, and the enforcement of relevant laws and international treaties. 0000-0002-5111-7263 security and law enforcement study A study whose intention is to discover knowledge concerning the origins, nature diagnosis or therapy for neoplastic disease and cancer. This includes studies in humans, model organisms, the laboratory and in silico. This class includes experimental and epidemiological studies specifically aimed at cancer. 0000-0002-5111-7263 cancer study The specific manner, characteristic, pattern of application, or the employment of any technology, approach or formal procedure to implement the study plan to generate a study type. 0000-0002-5111-7263 study modality Studies of the presence of radiation of any type in the natural or anthropogenic environment and its impact on animals, plants, and microorganisms. This includes studies measuring nuclide transfer in the environment, and interaction with meteorological phenomena. This excludes occupational exposure and the human working environment. 0000-0002-5111-7263 environmental study Studies concerned with the regulation, monitoring and operation of the nuclear industry. For example nuclear power station and reprocessing plants, isotope purification and manufactore, weapons manufacture and testing. This includes occupation health studies, impact of accidental or deliberate release on the natural or man made environment and impact on organisms specifically affected directly or indirectly by contamination. 0000-0002-5111-7263 nuclear industry study Research done in a laboratory. A laboratory study may use special equipment and cells or animals to investigate the effects of an experimental perturbation, discover fundamental molecular mechanisms, assay biological substances, or find out if a drug, procedure, or treatment is likely to be useful in humans. A laboratory investigation is often characterised by a hypothesis and is carried out with controls. 0000-0002-5111-7263 http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C28278 laboratory study Study of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety or ethicolegal constructs surrounding radiation and radiation safety and regulation. 0000-0002-5111-7263 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/CSP/2482-9501 attitudinal study Study concerning exchange or transmission of thoughts, messages, or information between people or between authorities and the general public (for example educational information, risk communication, safety communication) concerning exposure to and use of radiation. 0000-0002-5111-7263 communication study A study focussed on a set of people with some shared characteristic. The substance of shared element varies widely, from geography to a situation to interest to lives and values. The term is widely used to evoke sense of collectivity. For example communities collectively exposed to radioactive environmental contamination. 0000-0002-5111-7263 community study The study of political involvement in radiation and nuclear regulation, military use, and safety as shown by inclusion in political manifestos and messaging by established or informal groups and its impact on voting patterns and democracy. 0000-0002-5111-7263 political and psephological study A study measuring "psychological" aspects of a person such as knowledge, skills, abilities, attitudes, or personality using defined scales. 0000-0002-5111-7263 psychometric study A study of human or animal activity, in terms of motivation, direction, result, emotion, perception, or etiology. 0000-0002-5111-7263 behavioural study A study dealing with group relationships, patterns of collective behavior, and social organization. 0000-0002-5111-7263 sociological study Studies involving fields of inquiry into human constructs and concerns as opposed to natural processes . These are traditionally the study of literature, philosophy, and religion. Included in this definition are sociological studies, especially those concerned with the social impact of the humanities. 0000-0002-5111-7263 social science and humanities study Specifically an attitudinal study looking at how perception, for example of risk, and expectations affect behaviour. 0000-0002-5111-7263 perceptions, expectations and behaviours study Sociological, attitudinal, ethocolegal and regulatory approaches to governance of radiation and radioactive substance use. 0000-0002-5111-7263 holistic approaches to governance study Studies on policy concerning socially and ethically responsible research and innovation 0000-0002-5111-7263 responsible research and innovation study Studies of the engagement between an organisational entity and those groups or individuals potentially or actually impacted by the actions of that entity over a range of activities and approaches. 0000-0002-5111-7263 stakeholder engagement study Study concerning the modes, efficacy and response to communication of risk and health impacts of radiation in all aspects. 0000-0002-5111-7263 risk and health communication study Studies concenring the attitudes to and practices of radiological protection in defined groups of people. For example the nuclear industry of a country or within a specific laboratory. 0000-0002-5111-7263 radiological protection culture study Genetic study done at the population level or among population groups, generally to find the cause, incidence or spread of a disease or to see the response to a treatment, nutrition or environment. 0000-0002-5111-7263 http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C16160 genetic population study A type of study in which participants are enrolled into the study before they develop the disease or outcome in question. 0000-0002-5111-7263 http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C142646 prospective study Observational studies which include an organized system that uses observational methods to collect uniform data (clinical and other) prospectively for a population defined by a particular disorder/disease, condition (including susceptibility to a disorder), or exposure (including products, health care services, and/or procedures) and that serves a predetermined scientific, clinical, or policy purpose. Patient registries may be single purpose or on-going data collection programs that address one or more questions. (AHRQ) An observational study that is also considered to be a Patient Registry. 0000-0002-5111-7263 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C129000 registry study A study looking backwards in time using observations collected predominantly prior to subject selection and enrolment 0000-0002-5111-7263 retrospective study A study of the number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. this class also includes PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases in the population at a given time. 0000-0002-5111-7263 incidence or prevalence study Studies concerning the optimisation of situation awareness through gathering and analysing information, and methodologies for making decisions on that awareness, such as estimating the path of a radioactive fallout with respect to weather and population density and making a decision to evacuate a population. 0000-0002-5111-7263 situation awareness and decision support study A study concerning the protection of the population from unexpected radioactive discharge or contamination, such as a dirty bomb, and civil safetyy coningency plans, such as deployment of emergency services and evacuation. 0000-0002-5111-7263 civil protection study Studies on planning for unexpected natural or man-made radiological catastrophe of substantial extent causing significant property damage or destruction, loss of life or sometimes permanent changes to the natural environment. Broader scope than civil protection as may relate to livestock, food and water shortage, disease outbreak and extensive traumas caused by precipitating or consequential damage. 0000-0002-5111-7263 disaster planning study Studies on plannig for or analysing a nuclear accident with release of airborn or waterborn contamination into the environment. Narrower than Disaster planning study but may be used to qualify an annotation to Disaster planning study if the source of contamination is a nuclear accident. A nuclear accident is not necessarily a disaster. 0000-0002-5111-7263 nuclear accident study A controlled study designed to assess the safety and efficacy of new drugs, devices, treatments, or preventive measures in humans by comparing two or more interventions or regimens 0000-0002-5111-7263 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/CSP/0690-6917 clinical trial study Study of the effects of radiation used in a medical therapeutic or diagnostic context. Inlcudes radiation accidents in this context, excludes occupational exposure for health professionals. 0000-0002-5111-7263 medical radiological safety study A study concerned with health and safety policy development, implementation and practice in the workplace including investigating accidents at work, and chronic occupational exposure. Includes monitoring compliance with health and safety legislation and study of the promotion and maintenance of physical and mental health in the work environment. 0000-0002-5111-7263 occupational health study Study on the efficacy, outcomes and adverse consequences of exposure to medical diagnostic procedures using internal or external irradiation. 0000-0002-5111-7263 radiation based diagnostics study Study of the efficacy, outcomes and adverse consequences of exposure to therapeutic use of ionizing and nonionizing radiation including RADIONUCLIDE THERAPY, therapeutic radiation with visible, laser, or ultraviolet light. Includes technical development of protocols and equipment. 0000-0002-5111-7263 radiotherapy study A study involvingdevelopment of agents or procedures intended to produce an effect that is intended to mitigate or stop a pathologic process. 0000-0002-5111-7263 therapeutics study A study of the macroscopic and microscopic anatomical changes in diseased tissue. 0000-0002-5111-7263 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/CSP/1448-3909 histopathologic study Study of legal and statutory instruments and legislation designed to regulate the safety, use and transport of radioactive materials, release of such materials into the environment, or external radiation. 0000-0002-5111-7263 radiation legislation study Study of the policy approaches and their implementation concerned with harmonising regulatory guidelines and legislation dealing with radiation and radioactive substances between legislatures, generally internationally. 0000-0002-5111-7263 regulatory harmonisation study Study of the development, implementation and monitoring of nuclear non proliferation treaties between states. 0000-0002-5111-7263 nuclear proliferation treaty study Studies concerning intentional release of organisms (germs), toxic chemicals, or radioactive substances with intent to harm or kill people or the environment, or to inflict panic within a population. 0000-0002-5111-7263 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/CSP/5000-0002 bioterrorism study Study of strategies and their implementation towards defence against radiation used as a weapon conducted by military powers and institutions. May also include civil defence where the military has a significant operational role, but not disaster preparedness. 0000-0002-5111-7263 military defence study Study of biological processes that involve adding/removing chemical moieties to/from DNA, including methylation, phosphorylation, dephosphorylation, etc. Includes interventional DNA modification. 0000-0002-5111-7263 dna modification study Study of biological processes that involve adding/removing chemical moieties to/from histones, including methylation, acetylation,phosphorylation, dephosphorylation, etc. 0000-0002-5111-7263 histone modification study Study conducted by means of structured or unstructured interviews of persons of interest. 0000-0002-5111-7263 interview study A study of genetic variation and the inheritance of a trait or traits within a population or an individual including examination of genetic material for the presence or absence of cytogenetic or molecular genetic abnormalities. 0000-0002-5111-7263 genetic study A radiographic study used to evaluate a specific anatomic location for a specific purpose. This may include the assessment of imaging modalities and the development of new techniques. Includes PET, MRI, CT and related techniques. 0000-0002-5111-7263 imaging study Study concerned with the construction, analysis, evaluation, refinement etc. of mathematical or statistical models of the properties or behaviour of a set of entities, such as molecules, physiological processes, environmental processes such as nuclide transfer, such that functions are developed to reliably predict the behaviour of those entities. 0000-0002-5111-7263 mathematical modelling study A study usually conducted in a laboratory where non human animals are used to model aspects of a disease process or its therapy to provide insights into human biology or pathobiology. 0000-0002-5111-7263 model organism study Study concerning the development, use, calibration or standardisation of technologies for the qualitative or quantitative measurement of radiation and radionuclides. 0000-0002-5111-7263 monitoring technologies and metrology study Study of the chemistry of radioactive materials including radioactive tracer studies of metabolic processes 0000-0002-5111-7263 radiochemistry study Study of the development and implementation of public policy towards issues involving radiation 0000-0002-5111-7263 policy development study Study of the effects of acoustic radiation on cellular and organismal physiology and the effects of acoustic radiation emitted in response to exposure to ionising radiation. 0000-0002-5111-7263 acoustic radiation study Study of radiation levels and effects in the human built environment. 0000-0002-5111-7263 environmental study_ abiotic_anthropogenic Study of radiation levels and effects in the natural environment. 0000-0002-5111-7263 natural environment study The development and use of mathematical models and systems analysis for the description of naturally occurring non-human populations, and applications to measuring the effects of radiological contamination. 0000-0002-5111-7263 ecological population modelling study The study of environmental contamination with radiation and radioactive substances and the toxic effects on the ecosystem either through chemical toxicity or radiation exposure. 0000-0002-5111-7263 ecotoxicology study The study of environmental contamination with radon and the toxic effects on biota including humans. Both natural and anthropogenic environments. Includes radiometrics, safety policies and mitigation technologies. 0000-0002-5111-7263 environmental radon study Mathematical modelling of radionuclide transfer and dispersal processes in water, earth or air, either directly or through the mediation of biota. 0000-0002-5111-7263 radionuclide dispersal modelling study Study of the ocurrence, levels and effects of naturally occurring radioactive materials such as Radon. 0000-0002-5111-7263 naturally occurring radioactive materials study Study involving the measurement of radiation levels, or concentration of radionuclides, in the natural or man made environment. Usually in a time series. 0000-0002-5111-7263 environmental radiation monitoring study Study concerned with the measurement of transfer of radionuclides to biota from the environment. 0000-0002-5111-7263 environmental radionuclide transfer study Any study concenrd with the prevalence or effects on non-ionising radiations such as UV, acoustic, or RF. 0000-0002-5111-7263 non ionising electromagnetic radiation study Study concerning the safety, regulation, activities and engineering of nuclear installations including power stations, waste processing plant, radionuclide generation and purification plant, and military nuclear establishments. May include occupational health studies if broader than just occupationaal health in scope. 0000-0002-5111-7263 nuclear installation study Study of the process of generation of nuclear waste, its monitoring, regulation, disposal and inadvertent discharge. 0000-0002-5111-7263 nuclear waste study Study of the engineering of nuclear installations such as power plants. 0000-0002-5111-7263 nuclear engineering study Study of the process, regulation and monitoring of mines where exposure to naturally occurring radiation presents an occupational hazard for workers or the process itself, for example run off water or spoil, constitutes an environmental hazard. 0000-0002-5111-7263 mining study A study using cells derived from an organism grown in artificial culture medium in a laboratory with the aim of understanding some aspect(s) of cell physiology, genetics or behaviour, generally as part of the testing of an hypothesis but also for diagnostic intent. 0000-0002-5111-7263 cell culture study A study using an organ, part of an organ or an organoid culture, derived from an organism and grown in artificial culture medium in a laboratory with the aim of understanding some aspect(s) of cell physiology, genetics or behaviour, generally as part of the testing of an hypothesis but also for diagnostic intent. The system differs from cell culture in the generation or maintenance of multiple cell types with the spatial and functional relationship between them derived from or reflecting the normal organisation in vivo. 0000-0002-5111-7263 organ culture study Any study involving the manipulation, measurement, or characterisation of DNA or RNA in a cell or organism. 0000-0002-5111-7263 molecular genetic study Elucidation of the physical structure of a macromolecule, protein, carbohydrate, DNA or RNA, its analysis and manipulation based on structure/function considerations. 0000-0002-5111-7263 molecular structural study A study using an intact organism, plant, animal, or microorganism 0000-0002-5111-7263 whole organism study Study of the cellular phenomenon which radiation energy is not been directly deposited in cells by transfer of medium, proximity/justaposition, or other means, but results in their behaving as if they had been irradiated. 0000-0002-5111-7263 bystander effect study A study of heritable phenotype changes that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence. This may be in intact organisms or in cells and includes population analysis of epigenetic phenomena and molecular analysis of gene expression and epigenetic modifications of chromatin such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation. 0000-0002-5111-7263 epigenetic study Study of the frequency of induction , nature and consequences of the production of genetic or epigenetic alterations by any technique, including chemicals, radiation, recombination, or other molecular biology methods. 0000-0002-5111-7263 mutagenesis study Studies of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety or regulation of the nuclear industries. 0000-0002-5111-7263 attitudinal study of nuclear industry risk perception Studies of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety or ecological integrity towards natural or anthropogenic ionising radiation in the environment. 0000-0002-5111-7263 attitudinal study towards ionising radiation in the environment Studies of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety or ecological integrity towards natural or anthropogenic non-ionising radiation in the natural environment. 0000-0002-5111-7263 attitudinal study towards non-ionising radiation in the environment Studies of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety and efficacy in a clinical context where radiation is used for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.. 0000-0002-5111-7263 attitudinal study towards medical radiation procedures Studies of the status or origins of a mental position, feeling or emotion toward a fact or state with respect to information or experience concerning radiation, radiation safety towards natural or anthropogenic non-ionising radiation in the occupational environment. 0000-0002-5111-7263 attitudinal study towards radiation in the occupational environment Study of social and individual trust in the position and activities of legal or other competent advisory or regulatory authorities. 0000-0002-5111-7263 authority trust study Study on the modality, efficacy and responses to communcation of information or advice to populations or individuals, on the safety and risks of exposure to ionising radiation in any context. 0000-0002-5111-7263 risk communication study Study on the modality, efficacy and responses to communication of information or advice to populations or individuals, on the safety and risks of exposure to ionising radiation in any context. 0000-0002-5111-7263 public communication study Study on the modality, efficacy and responses to communication of information or advice to populations on any aspect of radiation, conceived of as an educational programme, and including a wider scope than just safety and risk. For example basic nuclear physics, emergency action advice. 0000-0002-5111-7263 public education study Study involving attitudes, health status, social organisation of defined communities identified by common characteristics such as occupation type, geography, gender identity, with respect to radiation. 0000-0002-5111-7263 social affairs and community health study Studies involving creation and assessment of plans for the future physical arrangement, well being, efficiency and condition of a community. It may have the goals of improving health, promoting efficiency in the provision of services and resources on a comprehensive basis for a whole community. In the context of radiation this may be concerned with community planning for dealing with mitigation measures for local NORM, or organised community-wide continegency measures for nuclear accident or recovery from such. 0000-0002-5111-7263 community planning study Study concerned with eliciting information in a structured way concerning issues of interest from members of a community defined by common characteristics, for example occupation, geographical location, personal history or gender. 0000-0002-5111-7263 community survey study A study concerned with human or animal activity, in terms of motivation, direction, result, emotion, perception, or etiology at the level of slected individuals. May be carried out by observation or as individual responses to a questioannaire or interview in the case of humans where the person records their own assessment of their behaviour. 0000-0002-5111-7263 individual behaviour study A study concerned with human or animal activity, in terms of motivation, direction, result, emotion, perception, or etiology within substantial populations of individuals. Likely to be carried out by mass observation or indirect inference. 0000-0002-5111-7263 population behaviour study Mathematical modelling for theraputic regime optimisation and for optimal tumor response, for example modelling spatiotemporal dynamics of tumor and blood volume fraction, and predicting response to radiation therapy. Also studies for beam modelling and multiimaging techniques. 0000-0002-5111-7263 radiotherapeutic modelling study Study of the radiolonuclide components and emissions from building materials 0000-0002-5111-7263 building materials radiological safety study Studies on radiological safety within buildings. Primary purpose os for buildings not specifially designed to hold radioactive materials but anaylyis and mitigation of risks from radioactive exposure from the local environment or materials. 0000-0002-5111-7263 building radiological safety study Study of the weather and atmospheric dynamics mainly with respect to dissemination of radionuclides. 0000-0002-5111-7263 meteorology study Study of non-living objects in the environment, such as soils or rocks. 0000-0002-5111-7263 environmental study_abiotic Study of non-human biota in the natural environment. 0000-0002-5111-7263 environmental study_biota ( non human) Study which may include human and non-human biota in the environment. 0000-0002-5111-7263 environmental study_panbiota (all) Study of the measurement, effects and regulation of wireless communication signals, for example mobile phone radiation and microwave communication. 0000-0002-5111-7263 wireless communication radiation study The sample was irradiated with Cs-137 gamma ray photons. Photons having energies that are greater than tens of thousands of electron volts (eV). Britannica.com gamma ray photon The sample was irradiated with x-ray photons. A photon with energies from about 100 eV (electron volts) to 1 MeV (million electron volts). Britannica.com x-ray photon Irradiation of the sample was with x-ray photons. An energy transfer process in which energy in the form of particles or waves is transferred from one entity to another 0000-0003-1741-8297 Jack Miller obo:RBO_0002000 irradiation TRUE 1 A process involving the emission of energy from an atomic nucleus resulting in change in the character of the nucleus radioactive decay Irradiation that is not the result of a planned process unplanned irradiation Unplanned irradiation that is of anthropogenic origin unplanned anthropogenic irradiation Unplanned irradiation that is non-anthropogenic in origin unplanned naturally occurring radiation exposure Environmental monitoring that includes continual assay for radiation dose or quality. environmental radiation monitoring Monitoring within an environment which was not man-made. natural environment monitoring Monitoring within a man-made or constructed environment anthropogenic environment monitoring Monitoring for radiation dose or quality within a man-made or constructed environment such as a building or a vehicle. anthropogenic environment radiation monitoring Monitoring for radiation dose or quality within a natural environment. natural environment radiation monitoring Atomic nuclei, with atomic number 2 or greater and kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means heavy ion radiation Atomic nuclei, variously defined as having atomic number 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means light ion radiation A particle with a positive or negative electric charge charged particle An atomic nucleus with 26 protons and 30 neutrons Fe-56 ion;Fe-56 nucleus;Fe-56 Iron-56 nucleus An atomic nucleus with 14 protons and 14 neutrons Si-28 ion;Si-28 nucleus;Si-28 Silicon-28 nucleus An atomic nucleus with 6 protons and 6 neutrons C-12 ion;C-12 nucleus;C-12 Carbon-12 nucleus An atomic nucleus with 2 protons and 2 neutrons He-4 ion;He-4 nucleus;He-4 Helium-4 nucleus An atomic nucleus with 10 protons and 10 neutrons Ne-20 ion;Ne-20 nucleus;Ne-20 Neon-20 nucleus space flight Activity carried out by crewed or robotic vehicles outside the Earth's atmmosphere. spaceflight Space flight space flight The amount of energy from any type of ionizing radiation deposited in a specified mass of any medium. Jack Miller absorbed radiation dose The amount of energy from any type of ionizing radiation deposited in a specified mass of any medium per unit time. Jack Miller absorbed radiation dose rate The kinetic energy carried by a particle or photon of ionizing radiation. Jack Miller ionizing radiation energy x-ray Electromagnetic radiation with photon energies approximately between 0.1 and 120 keV. The upper end of the x-ray spectrum overlaps with the lower end of the gamma ray spectrum. Jack Miller x-ray http://son.nasa.gov/tass/content/electrospectrum.htm x-ray radiation A material entity which emits radiation Jack Miller radiation source sham irradiation Sham irradiation refers to a procedure in which participants or subjects in an experiment are exposed to simulated radiation, mimicking precisely the conditions of actual irradiation. The purpose of using sham irradiation is to create a control group that experiences the non-specific effects of the experimental setup, while excluding the specific effects associated with radiation exposure. Jack Miller sham sham irradiation fractionation protocol A protocol for administering a total radiation dose in two or more increments separated by a specified time interval Jack Miller fractionation protocol radiation fractionation protocol cis-lunar space The region of space between the Earth and the Moon Jack Miller cis-lunar space lunar orbit A region of space defined by a regular, repeating path of a specified object about Earth's moon Jack Miller lunar orbit lunar surface The area of the lunar landmass exposed to space Jack Miller lunar surface cis-Mars space The region of space between the Earth and Mars Jack Miller cis-mars space Mars orbit A region of space defined by a regular, repeating path of a specified object about Mars Jack Miller mars orbit Mars surface The area of the Mars landmass exposed to the Martian atmosphere Jack Miller mars surface interplanetary space The region of space in the Solar System between planets Jack Miller interplanetary space planet surface The outermost solid or liquid area of a planet Jack Miller planet surface non-irradiated An organism or material entity kept unexposed to radiation, for purposes of comparison to a similar organism or material entity that has been exposed to radiation Jack Miller non-irradiated ground analog experiment A study at a ground facility designed so as to replicate one or more conditions in space (e.g. radiation, microgravity, isolation) Jack Miller ground analog ground analog study ground control An study at a ground facility designed so as to replicate conditions in space (e.g. radiation, microgravity, isolation) with the exception of one condition, so as to ascertain the effects of that condition on an organism or instrument Jack Miller ground control ground control study irradiation protocol A protocol for administering radiation to a sample Jack Miller irradiation protocol radiation fraction One of the series of individual doses administered to a sample in a fractionated irradiation. Jack Miller fraction radiation fraction radiation fraction interval Time between fractions in a fractionated irradiation. Jack Miller radiation fraction interval high altitude The region of the atmosphere above 8000 feet above sea level. Altitudes above 12000 feet are sometimes referred to as very high altitude, and above 18000 feet as extremely high altitude. Jack Miller https://www.medicinenet.com/high_altitude/definition.htm high altitude sham The class should be used in cases where it is clear that the control sample was treated in precisely the same way as the experimental samples or sham irradiation is specified. It is therefore a more restricted quality definition than "non-irradiated". It is likely to be used more often with external radiation exposure or exposure to a beam, and with a biological rather than abiotic sample. A quality of a biotic or abiotic sample or individual which is part of an experiment that tests the effects of radiation on organisms or materials by isolating variables as dictated by the scientific method in order to make a conclusion about the effect of such variables. In sham irradiation the precise treatment of the sample must be identical to that of the experimental samples and should be made explicit in the description of the method. Jack Miller sham-irradiated parabolic flight An aircraft which flies a series of parabolic arcs to simulate micrgravity. Jack Miller Vomit Comet parabolic flight aircraft An aircraft which flies at altitudes greater than commercial aircraft altitudes for research purposes. Jack Miller high altitude research aircraft UAV An research aircraft designed to operate without crew members, either autonomously or under control from a ground station Jack Miller UAV uncrewed aerial vehicle HZE Fully ionized atomic nucleus with 2 or more protons and energies in excess of tens of MeV per nucleon Jack Miller HZE highly charged energetic nuclei highly charged energetic nucleus A study of a response to radiation conditioned by prior administration of radiation of a different type and/or at a different dose or dose rate Jack Miller adaptive adaptive radiation response study The total dose administered in a series of radiation fractions divided by the elapsed time between the beginning of the first exposure fraction and the end of the last exposure fraction Jack Miller average fractionated dose rate A device which exposes samples to gamma radiation. Jack Miller gamma irradiator charge The electric charge of a particle used in an irradiation Jack Miller particle charge The measurement of the amount of radiation taken up by a sample. Jack Miller radiation dosimetry A microbeam is a narrow beam of radiation, of micrometer or sub-micrometer dimensions. Together with integrated imaging techniques, microbeams allow precisely defined quantities of damage to be introduced at precisely defined locations. Jack Miller Wikipedia microbeam An atomic nucleus with 41 protons and 52 neutrons Nb-93 ion;Nb-93 nucleus;Nb-93 Niobium-93 nucleus An atomic nucleus with 47 protons and 60 neutrons Ag-107 ion;Ag-107 nucleus;Ag-107 Silver-107 nucleus An atomic nucleus with 54 protons and 75 neutrons Xe-129 ion;Xe-129 nucleus;Xe-129 Xenon-129 nucleus An atomic nucleus with 73 protons and 108 neutrons Ta-181 ion;Ta-181 nucleus;Ta-181 Tantalum-181 nucleus An atomic nucleus with 79 protons and 118 neutrons Au-197 ion;Au-197 nucleus;Au-197 Gold-197 nucleus An atomic nucleus with 7 protons and 7 neutrons N-14 ion;N-14 nucleus;N-14 Nitrogen-14 nucleus An atomic nucleus with 8 protons and 8 neutrons O-16 ion;O-16 nucleus;O-16 Oxygen-16 nucleus An atomic nucleus with 18 protons and 22 neutrons Ar-40 ion;Ar-40 nucleus;Ar-40 Argon-40 nucleus An atomic nucleus with 22 protons and 26 neutrons Ti-48 ion;Ti-48 nucleus;Ti-48 Titanium-48 nucleus An atomic nucleus with 36 protons and 48 neutrons Kr-84 ion;Kr-84 nucleus;Kr-84 Krypton-84 nucleus mGy/sec A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one milligray absorbed per second mGy/sec UO:0010065 miligray per second TRUE Indirect cellular response to stimulus This could be used to describe a tissue response to immune stimulation, so for example an IL2 response of endothelial cells in response to lymphocytes stimulated by pathogen. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus which acts on another cell and not on the responding cell. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity of a different cell Paul Schofield indirect cellular response to stimulus The most obvious example is the bystander effect ( Carmel Mothersill, Andrej Rusin, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo & Colin Seymour (2018) History of bystander effects research 1905-present; what is in a name?, International Journal of Radiation Biology, 94:8, 696-707, DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1398436) where a naive cell behaves as if it has been irradiated because of its communication with an irradiated cell. It may also be used to describe the abscopal effect. Note that abscopal effects have been noted for ionising and non-ionising ( RF) radiation, eg. L?ffler MW. et al. . A Non-interventional Clinical Trial Assessing Immune Responses After Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol. 2019 Nov 19;10:2526. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02526. PMID: 31803175; PMCID: PMC6877671 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of radiation acting on another cell and not on the responding cell. The process begins with detection of radiation by a cell or cells and ends with a change in state or activity of a different cell or cells. Paul Schofield indirect cellular response to radiation Directly describes the bystander effect (Carmel Mothersill, Andrej Rusin, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo & Colin Seymour (2018) History of bystander effects research 1905-present; what is in a name?, International Journal of Radiation Biology, 94:8, 696-707, DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1398436) but can alo sbe used to describe phenomena related to the abscopal effect, manifest in whole organisms where irradiation of one part of the organism causes changes in another un-irradiated component. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of exposure to ionising radiation which acts on another cell and not on the responding cell. The process begins with detection of the ionising radiation by one cell or cells and ends with a change in state or activity of a different cell or cells. Paul Schofield indirect cellular response to ionising radiation A device for exposing materials or biological organisms to ionizing radiation for research or therapeutic purposes. ionizing radiation device High-altitude balloons are crewed or uncrewed balloons, usually filled with helium or hydrogen, that are released into the stratosphere, generally attaining between 18 and 37 km (11 and 23 mi; 59,000 and 121,000 ft) above sea level. Jack Miller Wikipedia high-altitude balloon spaceflight Travel beyond the Earth's atmosphere Jack Miller space flight non-targeted effects of ionising radiation Non-targeted effects of ionising radiation are characterised by cellular responses that occur in cells in which energy from ionizing radiation has not been deposited. The distinct classes of non-targeted effects include Genomic Instability, and Bystander effect which latter includes Abscopal effects and Bystander-mediated adaptive response. These can also arise non-clonally in the progeny of irradiated somatic or germ cells, resulting in radiation-induced genomic instability and transgenerational genomic instability respectively. (Kadhim M, Salomaa S, Wright E, et al. Non-targeted effects of ionising radiation--implications for low dose risk. Mutat Res. 2013;752(2):84-98. doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2012.12.001) Paul Schofield ORCID: 0000-0002-5111-7263 NTE non-targeted effects non-targeted effects of ionising radiation That energy which is transferred in space and time as part of the process of radiation (ENVO:01001023). radiation Uncharged particles with kinetic energy imparted by natural or artificial means (such as by a particle accelerator) neutral particle radiation An assay of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 nanometers See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006. Usually a track structure assay at nm scale nanodosimetry assay An assay of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 micrometers See H.H. Rossi, Microdosimetry and Radiobiology, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 13, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1985, Pages 259�265, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/13.1-4.259 and Gustavo A. Santa Cruz,Microdosimetry: Principles and applications,Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy,Volume 21, Issue 2,2016,Pages 135-139,ISSN 1507-1367,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.006. Usually a track structure assay at micrometre scale microdosimetry assay Nuclear decay in which an alpha particle is emitted. https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00005 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/REX_0000017 alpha-decay alpha decay Radioactive decay in which a beta particle is emitted or in which orbital electron capture occurs. http://goldbook.iupac.org/B00572.html http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/REX_0000007 beta-decay beta decay Processes in which electrons or components of the atomic nucleus are participants. subatomic process Measurement of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 nanometers nanodosimetric measurement datum In microdosimetry the specific energy, z, is the energy deposited by radiation ( in one or more deposition events) in a specified micrometric (or smaller) site divided my the mass of the site. Measured in Gy. specific energy measurement datum The path of a particle in matter, delineated by sites where the particle deposits energy. particle track A pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 nanometers. nanodosimetry The complete set of spatial coordinates of energy deposition events along a particle track in matter particle track structure A group of ionization events closely related in time and space, occurring in a specified target volume and originating from a single primary ionizing particle. ionization cluster Measurement of the pattern (frequency and spatial distribution) of ionization events produced by energy deposition in time and space in a substance characterized by linear dimensions of the order of 1-100 micrometers. microdosimetric measurement datum A volume of matter characterised by linear dimensions of the order of 0.5- 10's of microns, referred to as the "site" in microdosimetry. micrometric volume A control specimen role of a biotic or abiotic sample or individual describes a specimen by its purpose, and therefore treatment, within a planned experimental process that tests hypotheses by isolating variables as dictated by the scientific method in order to make a conclusion about the effect of such variables. The quality of control inhering in the sample role exists as a result of the historical treatment of the sample. In a controlled experiment, two or more virtually identical experiments are conducted, but the factor being tested is varied in only one of them. This serves to isolate any causal phenomena. A control may have been subject to treatments during the experiment that might alter its state or behaviour and is therefore distinguishable from the sample as initial input into the experiment. However such treatments should in all cases but that of the variable under scrutiny, be the same as the experimental sample. http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C64355 control specimen role Sham irradiation in which an identical irradiation protocol (with the exception of the administration of the radiation exposure) is not followed in every respect. Use approximate sham irradiation when at least one aspect of the irradiation (with the exception of the administration of the radiation exposure) is not followed precisely. For example, Not placing an organism or sample in a beam line for the same length of time as the irradiated organism(s) or sample(s) were left in the beam. approximate sham irradiation Experimental internal radiation exposure of rodents to radon gas through inhalation. Exposure to an inhaled, ingested, injected or implanted source of radiation of any origin as part of a planned or accidental process. internal radiation exposure Mice exposed to external radiation from a Sr source. Exposure to an external source of radiation of any origin or type. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 external radiation exposure Sham irradiation in which an identical irradiation protocol is followed in every respect, with the exception of the administration of the radiation exposure. Use complete sham irradiation when all steps of an irradiation protocol are followed for sham control group (with the exception of administration of the radiation exposure). complete sham irradiation Planned exposure of an entity to radiation of any type, for example as part of a medical or experimental procedure with the intention of exposing the entity to radiation energy internally by the ingestion, inhalation or implantation of a source of radiation. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 Research subjects participating in a clinical trial using an internally implanted radiation source have an internal experimental radiation exposure internal experimental radiation exposure The direct or indirect transfer of energy from radiation to a medium through ionisation or excitation of the atoms of the medium. energy deposition event track formation A mixed irradiation study typically involves exposing a sample or system to a combination of different types of radiation. This could include exposure to various forms of ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and particle radiation. Exposure might be simultaneous or sequential and from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 mixed irradiation study A mixed ion and photon irradiation study typically involves exposing a sample or system to a combination of these types of radiation. This could include exposure to various forms of ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and particle radiation. Exposure might be simultaneous or sequential and from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 mixed ion and photon irradiation study A mixed ion and photon simultaneous irradiation study typically involves simultaneously exposing a sample or system to a combination of these types of radiation. This could include exposure to various forms of ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and particle radiation. Exposure might be from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 mixed ion and photon simultaneous irradiation study A mixed ion and photon sequential irradiation study typically involves sequentially exposing a sample or system to a combination of these types of radiation. This could include exposure to various forms of ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and particle radiation. Exposure might be from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 mixed ion and photon sequential irradiation study A multiple ion irradiation study typically involves exposing a sample or system to a combination of different types of charged particle radiation. Exposure might be simultaneous or sequential and from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 multiple ion mixed irradiation study multiple ion irradiation study A multiple ion simultaneous irradiation study typically involves simultaneously exposing a sample or system to a combination of ions. This could include exposure to various forms of particle radiation, for example ion beams. Exposure might be from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 multiple ion simultaneous irradiation study A multiple ion sequential irradiation study involves exposing a sample or system to a combination of different ions. This could include exposure to various forms of particle radiation such as ion beams. Exposure might be from anthropogenic or natural sources of radiation. The goal is to understand how the different types of radiation interact with each other and their combined effects on the material or biological system under investigation. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-0670 multiple ion sequential irradiation study ALARA One of the measures to ensure ALARA is to minimize the time spent working around radioactive materials. A principle of radiation protection philosophy that requires that exposures to ionizing radiation be kept as low as reasonably achievable, economic and social factors being taken into account. The protection from radiation exposure is ALARA when the expen Jack Miller ALARA NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) ALARA as low as reasonably achievable Attenuation in concrete or leadshielding is a common method of radiation protection on Earth, but is impractical in space due to mass constraints. The reduction of radiation intensity upon passage of radiation through matter Jack Miller NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) radiation attenuation Biodosimetry was used to measure the exposure of some victims of the Chernobyl nuclear accident. Use of a biological response as an indicator of a dose of an effective agent (e.g., the extent of decline in peripheral blood lymphocytes of humans exposed to ionizing radiation can be used as an indicator of the absorbed dose to the whole body from that Jack Miller NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) biodosimetry The bystander effect can be studied by identifying cells that were traversed by a charged particle. The term used to describe the effects on cells in proximity to irradiated cells, but through which radiation has not passed. In experimental radiation biology, the bystander effect can be investigated by targeting individual cells, or by using doses low enough that the probability for a given cell to be hit by a particle is less than one. Jack Miller NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) bystander effect Delta ray energies increase with the velocity of the incident particle. Highly energetic electrons produced during inelastic collisions between ionizing radiation and atomic electrons. In a small proportion of collisions, the ejected electron receives a considerable amount of energy (i.e., >1,000 eV), allowing it to travel a Jack Miller delta electron NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) delta electron delta ray The average annual dose equivalent for crew members on the ISS is approximately 300 mSv. The product of the absorbed dose (D) at a point and the quality factor (Q) at that point for the radiation type (i.e., H = DQ). The unit of H is J-kg^[-1] with the special name sievert (Sv) Jack Miller NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) dose equivalent The increased risk from induced cancer due to exposure when the effects over an entire lifetime are accounted for. Individuals who would have died of cancer anyway but die early because of exposure are not included Jack Miller NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) excess lifetime risk of cancer The sample was irradiated with fast neutrons. Neutrons of energies above a few hundred kiloelectron volts (keV) Jack Miller NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) fast neutron The value of the fluence was approximately 1 particle per cm2. The number of particles or photons per unit of cross-sectional area perpendicular to the direction of the particle (units of m^2 or cm^2) (i.e., particles-m^[-2] or particles-cm^[-2]). Jack Miller NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) fluence The flux of cosmic ray muons per cm2 at the surface of the Earth is approximately 1.0. The quotient of dN by dt, where dN is the increment of the particle number in the time interval dt. The unit for flux is reciprocal second (s^[-1].) Jack Miller NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) flux An atomic nucleus, fully stripped of its orbital electrons, containing 2 or more protons. Nuclei containing between 2 protons (helium) and 6 protons (carbon) are sometimes referred to as light ions. Jack Miller In RBO--needs def from NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) heavy ion Biological effects are a function of LET. The energy deposited by an ionizing charged particle or photon in any medium per unit path length. Jack Miller LET NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) LET linear energy transfer Radiation protection standards take into account organ dose as well as whole body dose. The mean absorbed radiation dose in a specified tissue or organ of the human body. Jack Miller NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) organ dose Neutrons have a high quality factor compared to photons. Dimensionless factor developed for purposes of radiation protection and assessing health risks in general terms that accounts for the relative biological effectiveness of different radiations in producing stochastic effects and is used to relate absorbed Jack Miller NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) quality factor The samples received a dose of 1 Gy. (The use of the gray unit implies that "dose" refers to a measured quantity, typically absorbed dose or organ dose.) The samples received a dose of 1 Sv. (The use of the sievert unit implies that "dose" refers to a der A measurement datum of the quantity of radiation absorbed by a substance or organism. The term "radiation dose" may for example refer to absorbed dose, organ dose, dose equivalent or equivalent dose, depending upon context and weighting factor(s). Jack Miller radiation dose Radiation quality is often expressed in terms of the linear energy transfer of the ionising particles that deliver the absorbed dose. Rossi, Harald H. Specification of Radiation Quality. Radiation Research, vol. 10, no. 5, Radiation Research Society, 1959, pp. 522 31, https://doi.org/10.2307/3570787. But this is an over simplification. Is a quality of radiation that reflects the fluence spectrum of charged and neutral particles within the material or medium where dose is being deposited. Jack Miller NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) and see https://melodi-online.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/02-What-is-radiation-quality-Goodhead.pdf radiation quality TRUE Radiation weighting factors may change as more data on biological effects are obtained. A factor used to allow for differences in the biological effectiveness between different radiations when calculating equivalent dose (H_T) (see equivalent dose). These factors are independent of the tissue or organ irradiated. Jack Miller NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) radiation weighting factor Neutrons have been found to have a higher RBE than electrons. Factor used to compare the biological effectiveness of absorbed doses from different types of ionizing radiation, determined experimentally. RBE is the ratio of the absorbed dose of a reference radiation to the absorbed dose of the radiation in question r Jack Miller RBE NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) RBE relative biological effectiveness Tissue equivalent materials can be used to study radiation effects at depth in the human body. Denotes a substance with absorbing and scattering properties for a given radiation that sufficiently match those of a particular biological tissue. Jack Miller NCRP Glossary (https://ncrponline.org/wp-content/themes/ncrp/PDFs/NCRP-Composite-Glossary.pdf) tissue equivalence A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated. May be replaced by a BFO class, as discussed in http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 Chris Mungall http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 system A PDS data product from the PDS 3 data model. PDS data is tricky as while PDS3 has the concept of a data set; PDS4 doesn't really. You have to find Collections that have a collection_type of data. pds_Data_Set_PDS3 A PDS data product from the PDS 3 data model. Examples are line plots and spectrograms. A graphical representation of data wherein the underlying numeric values are not (readily) accessible for analysis. spase:DisplayData A graphical representation of data wherein the underlying numeric values are not (readily) accessible for analysis. Catalogs include lists of events, files in a product, and data availability. A tabular listing of events or observational notes, especially those that have utility in aiding a user in locating data. spase:Catalog A tabular listing of events or observational notes, especially those that have utility in aiding a user in locating data. Data stored as numerical values in one or more specified formats. spase:NumericalData Data stored as numerical values in one or more specified formats. A product from the PDS data system 2022-04-04T23:21:32Z PDSDataProduct PDS data product A PDS data product from the PDS 4 data model. 2022-04-04T23:25:25Z In the PDS 4 data model, only the collections that have a type of data point directly to data. Most other types point to other kinds of information products. pds_Collection_with_Type_Data An interface that 1) presents users with discovery criteria and may 2) lead to an access interface. 2022-04-15T23:48:19Z discovery interface An interface that 1) presents users with discovery criteria and may 2) lead to an access interface. A campaign that is coordinated among one or more individuals and/or one or more organizations. 2022-04-15T23:55:00Z Field campaigns are often characterized by in situ terrestrial field work. field campaign A campaign that is coordinated among one or more individuals and/or one or more organizations. A set of experiments and/or observations. 2022-04-16T00:07:39Z investigation A set of experiments and/or observations. https://pds.nasa.gov/datastandards/documents/dd/current/PDS4_PDS_DD_1F00/webhelp/all/#ch05s850.html For example, the International Halley Watch mobilized observatories around the world for collection of data during the most recent apparition of Comet Halley. The Shoemaker-Levy-9 (SL9) campaign used both Earth-based and spacecraft instruments to monitor the SL9 impact on Jupiter. A campaign that 1) uses primarily but not exclusively existing facilities and 2) after and possibly during which other investigations are carried out using the same facilities. 2022-04-16T00:23:16Z observing campaign A campaign that 1) uses primarily but not exclusively existing facilities and 2) after and possibly during which other investigations are carried out using the same facilities. A coronal mass ejection, supernova, earthquake, spacecraft launch, etc. Something observable that happened at a given time and place Adapted from http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C25499 event A single science campaign may require all or part of several missions. There may be several science campaigns occurring over the course of a single mission. A systematic set of activities undertaken to meet a particular science objective. science campaign Morris, Robert, Jennifer Dungan, Lina Khatib, A. Bachman, John Gasch, Paul Hempel, Jenny Williams, Terri Wood, and Christopher Bruno. "Coordinated science campaign planning for earth observing missions." In Proc. of ESTC’04. 2004. campaign An assay is an investigative (analytic) procedure for qualitatively assessing or quantitatively measuring the presence, amount, or functional activity of a target entity. assay A product containing science data from some investigation. data set dataProduct It is generally agreed that data is in the eye of the beholder; but, for the purposes of this project the terms data and data product are limited to traditional mostly numeric science data products that NASA holds and actually calls data or data products. Thus a DataProductService is any product or service that returns science data, normally compiled into a set according to shared characteristics. data product A product containing science data from some investigation. NASA (2012) NASA Thesaurus: Hierarchical Listing with Definitions. Vol 1, NASA. The mechanical, magnetic, electronic, and electrical equipment necessary for conducting an activity. Hardware is usually distinguished from the theory and design that make the activity possible. hardware An originator or creator of a work author A government agency engaged in activities related to outer space and space exploration. space agency A government agency engaged in activities related to outer space and space exploration. A spacecraft, a person, a ship, a piece of laboratory equipment The physical object upon or within which an instrument is mounted. platform instrument host The physical object upon or within which an instrument is mounted. "mouse", "Mus musculus", "rodent", "mammal", "microorganism", "fungi" The quality of a living subject that indicates the taxonomical grouping of the subject. This grouping can be at any level in a hierachy of organism classification, or a collection of levels, and can be using scientific language or colloquial language. Rduerr 2021-11-30T21:34:56.970241Z organism MOD10A1 data files; structured metadata files; data landing page; scientific report; an API that provides search and access to a particular satellite's data; an application for displaying or analyzing data; a movie of a solar flare, images of the MODIS instrument, the Terra satellite, an astronaut, etc. Any offered product or service. Peter Fox product Any offered product or service. A data product from the GeneLab repository Rduerr 2021-12-01T20:52:05.98268Z study Gender is known to be a factor in the study of high blood pressure. The role played by an entity as part of a scientific investigation such that levels of the measurement or observation of the entity are thought to bear upon the hypotheses being investigated. 0000-0003-4312-9552 factor A software interface that 1) presents users with selection criteria and 2) presents products or services that meet the criteria the user then selects. access interface A software interface that 1) presents users with selection criteria and 2) presents products or services that meet the criteria the user then selects. For example, a series of related laboratory experiments/observations conducted by a small university team and funded through a single proposal could be an Individual Investigation. Library research by one person on previously published results to distill common conclusions could also be an Individual Investigation. An investigation that 1) uses existing facilities and 2) is under the direction of a single individual. individual investigation research study research investigation An investigation that 1) uses existing facilities and 2) is under the direction of a single individual. A part of a feature, taken to demonstrate or to determine the character of the whole. Rduerr 2021-11-30T21:35:20.533927Z sample specimen A preparation of tissue or bodily fluid taken for examination or diagnosis. A part of a feature, taken to demonstrate or to determine the character of the whole. Adapted from http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C19157 A product that describes some entity. information product Hardware used in conducting an experiment. experimentApparatus experiment Apparatus The realisation of an application, or execution of a plan, idea, model, design, specification, standard, algorithm, or policy. deployment An information content entity that 1) contains a set of machine-readable instructions (most often in the form of a computer program) that 2) conform to a given syntax (sometimes referred to as a language) that 3) is interpretable by a given processor and that 4) directs a computer's processor to perform specific operations. software A role in which the bearer delivers financial support to enable some activity. funder An identified configuration for an instrument. instrumentOperatingMode Instrument operating modes may include both hardware configurations (e.g., for instruments with multiple filters) as well as software configurations (e.g., to control how long an exposure should last). Some instruments have many such modes, others may only have one. instrument operating mode For example: (1) the NASA Voyager mission launched two spacecraft to Jupiter and Saturn; (2) the Deep Impact (DI) mission launched a spacecraft, part of which impacted the comet Tempel 2; and (3) the EPOXI mission redefined the objectives of the surviving DI hardware for further exploration of the solar system. Coordinated tasks and operations undertaken to meet a set of specific objectives, within clearly delineated time and location constraints. Discussion by SDDO project team mission Coordinated tasks and operations undertaken to meet a set of specific objectives, within clearly delineated time and location constraints. Any procedure that involves testing or manipulating a sample or subject in a laboratory setting A broadened version of http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C25294 laboratoryProcedure An agent that is a human being. person An agent that is a human being. A mission led or funded by NASA Per the NASA SMD glossary at https://science.nasa.gov/glossary/ a mission is a "NASA Science-funded activity with the purpose of meeting goals laid out by presidential directive, and detailed in Science Mission Directorate's strategic plan." This would mean the ontology would need to include the concepts of a presidential directive and a strategic plan - wait for a use case before implementing this change. SDDO team NASAMission A camera, MODIS, a survey instrument (e.g., google form) An instrument is a physical object that can be used to collect data. Adapted from pds:Instrument instrument A plan for a coordinated set of actions and observations designed to generate data, with the ultimate goal of discovery or hypothesis testing. Added the phrase "plan for a" to the front of the definition per Dan's request adapted from http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C42790 experiment An information product that contains structured metadata. metadata metadataProduct While agreed that metadata is just data about data and so is really an unneeded term, we recognize that the term metadata is often applied to information about data no matter its form. In many cases, a metadata product is available for access, even if the data is not. metadata product A material entity that has characteristics that can be qualified or quantified through observation or experiment. Depending on the context, individual entities such as a human or star, may be either features or specimens - depending on whether you are interested in studying the entire class of humans or stars, or a particular star or human. feature Mars, a hurricane, the aurora, a molecular cloud, a sunspot, a mouse, its liver, etc. An observatory or laboratory A construction, permanent or temporary, on land, in air, space or water, where scientific research or measurements can be undertaken. facility A construction, permanent or temporary, on land, in air, space or water, where scientific research or measurements can be undertaken. A fact or situation that is observed to exist. phenomenon A fact or situation that is observed to exist. Act of carrying out an procedure to estimate or calculate a value of a property of a feature. observation Act of carrying out an procedure to estimate or calculate a value of a property of a feature. A graphical user interface that provides access to photographs/images. photoGallery An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. organization Rduerr 2021-11-30T19:43:39.350414Z A role which inheres in a person or organization and which is realized during an investigation. investigator A broad framework of goals to be achieved. program A broad framework of goals to be achieved. A written or printed paper that bears the original, official, or legal form of something and can be used to furnish decisive evidence or information. May be electronic or physical paper. document Journal articles, technical or other reports, books, etc. A written or printed paper that bears the original, official, or legal form of something and can be used to furnish decisive evidence or information. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition. data element The meaning of a column within a spreadsheet (e.g., identifier or height); the meaning of each pixel in an image (e.g., surface temperature)|another test example A data element is any characteristic that can help in understanding data content. That is, a data element is any parameter or variable that is useful, or critical, when identifying or describing the content of a data object. data element Software that provides the low-level control for a device's specific hardware. firmware NASA program A type of document, physical or digital, comprised of data and/or analytical assessment related to a scientific protocol. Scientific documents can be referenced or included in publicationDocuments. scientific results Any document (electronic or written record) that is about an experiment process (limited to the conduct of the experiment) 0 experiment document Any document (electronic or written record) that is about an experiment process (limited to the conduct of the experiment) Modified from definition of http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C142425 A data product that is an aggregate of data items of the same type that have something in common. Averages and distributions can be determined for data sets. space life sciences dataset A data product that is an aggregate of data items of the same type that have something in common. Averages and distributions can be determined for data sets. Derived from http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000100 A coordinated set of actions and observations designed to generate data, with the ultimate goal of discovery or hypothesis testing. experiment A coordinated set of actions and observations designed to generate data, with the ultimate goal of discovery or hypothesis testing. https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C42790 A document that is about an item of hardware. For LSDA, hardware documents include hardware design, manufacturing, and operations documents hardware document An individual who conducts scientific research. The investigator collects and analyses data and study documents, and provides reports in compliance with applicable requirements investigator (human) An individual who conducts scientific research. The investigator collects and analyses data and study documents, and provides reports in compliance with applicable requirements Modified from http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C25936 A document that is about a project. For LSDA, project documents include project operations, schedules, and other related documents. project document A federally funded facility where NASA activities are undertaken. This would include JPL and other federally funded Centers. Is that in line with NGLSDA usage? nasa center A federally funded facility where NASA activities are undertaken. Modified from http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000469 Semantic Type: Conceptual Entity NCIt Definition: A broad framework of goals to be achieved. Semantic Type: Organization: NCIt Definition: The principal administrative organization responsible for the research conducted. program Semantic Type: Conceptual Entity NCIt Definition: A broad framework of goals to be achieved. Semantic Type: Organization: NCIt Definition: The principal administrative organization responsible for the research conducted. https://www.ontobee.org/ontology/NCIT?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C52647 https://www.ontobee.org/ontology/NCIT?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C63409 NCIt Definition: A physical object, or electronic counterpart, that is characterized by containing writing which is meant to be human-readable. "By this definition no binary files are documents (we assume they become dataset files in NGLSDA)" LSDA document NCIt Definition: A physical object, or electronic counterpart, that is characterized by containing writing which is meant to be human-readable. for NCit: https://www.ontobee.org/ontology/NCIT?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C19498https://ncimetathesaurus.nci.nih.gov/ncimbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI%20Metathesaurus&code=CL414404 A document that is an affine projection to a two dimensional surface, of EM spectrum radiation or measurements of some quality of an entity or entities repeated at regular intervals across a spatial range (where the measurements are represented as color and luminosity on the projected surface.) Modified from IAO image definition and its stated relationship to the concept of document. Another source that was used to develop this definition is http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300264387 which defines image as (quoting) Depictions and representations on a surface in two dimensions or low relief, or digital, whether the optical counterpart exists in reality or only in imagination. For example, the term may refer to a depiction as distinguished from its support, as when referring to a drawing as distinct from the paper upon which it is drawn. image (LSDA) A document that is an affine projection to a two dimensional surface, of EM spectrum radiation or measurements of some quality of an entity or entities repeated at regular intervals across a spatial range (where the measurements are represented as color and luminosity on the projected surface.) NCI Metathesaurus (nih.gov) The International Standard Payload Rack (ISPR) is a steel framework container that is designed and been adopted by the International Space Station (ISS) program to support efficient integration and interchangeability of space payload hardware, such as machines and experiment payload The International Standard Payload Rack (ISPR) is a steel framework container that is designed and been adopted by the International Space Station (ISS) program to support efficient integration and interchangeability of space payload hardware, such as machines and experiment https://home.iss.nasa.gov/home/ (under Research/Payloads) https://iss-science.jsc.nasa.gov/home Persons employed in any field. personnel Persons employed in any field. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C60758 Devices, manned and unmanned, which are designed to be placed into an orbit about the Earth or into a trajectory to another celestial body. spacecraft Devices, manned and unmanned, which are designed to be placed into an orbit about the Earth or into a trajectory to another celestial body. https://ncimetathesaurus.nci.nih.gov/ncimbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI%20Metathesaurus&code=C0242743 Any material sample taken from a biological entity for testing, diagnostic, propagation, treatment or research purposes, including a sample obtained from a living organism or taken from the biological object after halting of all its life functions. Biospecimen can contain one or more components including but not limited to cellular molecules, cells, tissues, organs, body fluids, embryos, and body excretory products Note that any whole entity cannot be a biospecimen biospecimen Any material sample taken from a biological entity for testing, diagnostic, propagation, treatment or research purposes, including a sample obtained from a living organism or taken from the biological object after halting of all its life functions. Biospecimen can contain one or more components including but not limited to cellular molecules, cells, tissues, organs, body fluids, embryos, and body excretory products Modified from NCIT: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C70699 An entity of interest, either biological or otherwise. EXAMPLE(S): A human being who might be of interest because they are on a study, a sheep who might have experienced an adverse event, or a pacemaker that failed. An entity, either biologic or otherwise, of interest in an investigation. [Definition Source: NCI] subject An entity of interest, either biological or otherwise. EXAMPLE(S): A human being who might be of interest because they are on a study, a sheep who might have experienced an adverse event, or a pacemaker that failed. An entity, either biologic or otherwise, of interest in an investigation. [Definition Source: NCI] From investigative subject: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C79916 A set of related data (either written or electronic) and is a part of a dataset dataset file A set of related data (either written or electronic) and is a part of a dataset Derived from http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C42883 An item of hardware that is a part of another item of hardware. component An item of hardware that is a part of another item of hardware. Loosely derived from NCIT A physical, manufactured or otherwise processed object that is used in a scientific investigation or clinical activity. hardware A physical, manufactured or otherwise processed object that is used in a scientific investigation or clinical activity. NCI Metathesaurus (nih.gov) Coordinated tasks and operations undertaken to meet a set of specific scientific or technical objectives, within clearly delineated time and location constraints. research mission Coordinated tasks and operations undertaken to meet a set of specific scientific or technical objectives, within clearly delineated time and location constraints. Modified from SMD Catalog definition of Mission NCIt Definition: A printed or electronic work offered for distribution. MSH Definition: Copies of a work or document distributed to the public by sale, rental, lease, or lending. (From ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983, p181) CSP Definition: copy or copies of a document offered for distribution; includes the preparation of the documented material. publication document NCIt Definition: A printed or electronic work offered for distribution. MSH Definition: Copies of a work or document distributed to the public by sale, rental, lease, or lending. (From ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983, p181) CSP Definition: copy or copies of a document offered for distribution; includes the preparation of the documented material. https://ncimetathesaurus.nci.nih.gov/ncimbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI%20Metathesaurus&code=C0034036 A bounded physical or digital representation of a body of information designed with the capacity (and usually intent) to communicate a particular subject, art, craft, technique, applied science and/or industrial service. technical paper A bounded physical or digital representation of a body of information designed with the capacity (and usually intent) to communicate a particular subject, art, craft, technique, applied science and/or industrial service. https://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000148.rdf NPD 2200.1C - https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/n_pd_2200_001c_main.pdf Technical Publications and Reports - https://nasa.sharepoint.com/sites/NASASTIProgram/SitePages/Glossary.aspx#t The name applied to a plant, animal, or other organism, according to the Codes of Nomenclature, consisting of a Genus and species. scientific name The name applied to a plant, animal, or other organism, according to the Codes of Nomenclature, consisting of a Genus and species. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C43459 TBD Currently not in NGLSDA. (Dan to review with John) photo gallery NCIt Definition: A regularly issued printed or electronic report describing a main topic of interest to its subscribers. newsletter document NCIt Definition: A regularly issued printed or electronic report describing a main topic of interest to its subscribers. NCI Metathesaurus (nih.gov) NCIt Definition: An established society, corporation, foundation or other organization founded and united for a specific purpose, e.g. for health-related research; also used to refer to a building or buildings occupied or used by such organization. CDISC Definition: An established society, corporation, foundation or other organization founded and united for a specific purpose, e.g. for health-related research; also used to refer to a building or buildings occupied or used by such organization. MGED Definition: A contacts affiliation, e.g. university, research institute or business. institution NCIt Definition: An established society, corporation, foundation or other organization founded and united for a specific purpose, e.g. for health-related research; also used to refer to a building or buildings occupied or used by such organization. CDISC Definition: An established society, corporation, foundation or other organization founded and united for a specific purpose, e.g. for health-related research; also used to refer to a building or buildings occupied or used by such organization. MGED Definition: A contacts affiliation, e.g. university, research institute or business. NCI Metathesaurus (nih.gov) A document that is about a mission. For LSDA, mission documents include mission personnel, operations, schedules, and other related documents. mission document A person responsible for the overall conduct of a study principal investigator (human) How long something or someone has existed; measured at launch/start age (at launch/start) Indicates the scientific area addressed by the study. This clas is maintained by NASA Life Sciences Data Archive. research area Any extent of continuous biological sequence. GENO defines three levels of sequence-related artifacts, which are distinguished by their identity criteria. 1. 'Biological sequence' identity is dependent only on the ordering of units that comprise the sequence. 2. 'Sequence feature' identity is dependent on its sequence and the genomic location of the sequence (this is consistent with the definition of 'sequence feature' in the Sequence Ontology). 3. 'Qualified sequence feature' identity is additionally dependent on some aspect of the physical context of the genetic material in which the feature is concretized. This third criteria is extrinsic to its sequence and its genomic location. For example, the feature's physical concretization being targeted by a gene knockdown reagent in a cell (e.g. the zebrafish Shha gene as targeted by the morpholino 'Shha-MO1'), or its being transiently expressed from a recombinant expression construct (e.g. the human SHH gene as expressed in a mouse Shh knock-out cell line), or its having been epigenetically modified in a way that alters its expression level or pattern (e.g. the human SHH gene with a specific methylation pattern). A sequence feature is an extent of 'located' biological sequence, whose identity is determined by both its inherent sequence (ordering of monomeric units) and its position (start and end coordinates based on alignment with some reference). By contrast, 'biological sequences' are identified and distinguished only by their inehrent sequence, and not their position. Accordingly, the 'ATG' start codon in the coding DNA sequence of the human AKT gene is the same 'sequence' as the 'ATG' start codon in the human SHH gene, but these represent two distinct 'sequence features' in virtue of their different positions in the genome. sequence_feature true Formalizes the first identity criteria for a sequence feature of its sequence. true Formalizes the second identify criteiria for a sequence feature of its genomic position. We use the FALDO model to represent positional information, which links features to positional information through an instance of a Region class that represents the mapping of the feature onto some reference sequence. (But features can also be linked to Positions directly through the location property). A collection of sequence features (typically a collection of chromosomes) that covers the sum genetic material within a cell or virion (where 'genetic material' refers to any nucleic acid that is part of a cell or virion and has been inherited from an ancestor cell or virion, and/or can be replicated and inherited by its progeny) Genotype vs Genome in GENO: An (genomic) genotype is an information artifact representing a shorthand syntax for specifying what is known about variation in a genome sequence. This syntax has reference and variant components - a 'reference genome' and 'genomic variation complement' - that must be operated on to resolve a final genome sequence (i.e. substituting all sequences specified by the 'genomic variation complement' for the corresponding sequences in the 'reference genome'). So, while the total sequence content represented in a genotype may be greater than that in a genome, the intended resolution of these sequences is to arrive at a single genome sequence. 'genome sequence' A genome is considered the complement of all heritable sequence features in a given cell or organism (chromosomal or extrachromosomal). This is typically a collection of >1 sequence molecules (e.g. chromosomes), but in some organisms (e.g. bacteria) it may be a single sequence macromolecule (e.g. a circular plasmid). For this reason 'genome' classifies under 'sequence feature complement'. genome Any organized collection of data in a computational format, defined by a theme or category that reflects what is being measured/observed/monitored. The presentation of the data in the application is enabled through metadata.REFERENCE. Research Data Alliance http://smw-rda.esc.rzg.mpg.de/index.php/Main_Page ; Mapping the Data Landscape 2011 Summit; TBS Standard on Geospatial Data (ISO 19115:2003); Environment Canada data stewardship &hellip; <a href=CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/dataset/ class=more-link Peter McQuilton dataset Any organized collection of data in a computational format, defined by a theme or category that reflects what is being measured/observed/monitored. The presentation of the data in the application is enabled through metadata.REFERENCE. Research Data Alliance http://smw-rda.esc.rzg.mpg.de/index.php/Main_Page ; Mapping the Data Landscape 2011 Summit; TBS Standard on Geospatial Data (ISO 19115:2003); Environment Canada data stewardship &hellip; <a href=CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/dataset/ class=more-link CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/dataset/ Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. biological structure connected biological structure anatomical structure Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. anatomical unit body organ element organ The surface (external) layer of ectoderm which begins to proliferate shortly after separation from the neuroectoderm. surface (external) ectoderm surface ectoderm external ectoderm Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. blastula embryo blastosphere blastula material anatomical entity Anatomical entity that has mass. material anatomical entity Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. system body system connected anatomical system organ system anatomical systems anatomical system Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. organism multi-cellular organism Koerper body whole body whole organism multicellular organism Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. acellular anatomical structures acellular anatomical structure anatomical cluster Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. Anatomical group whose component anatomical structures lie in close proximity to each other. anatomical cluster Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. portion of tissue tissue portion simple tissue tissue Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]. epithelial tissue portion of epithelium epithelium Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA]. stratified epithelium laminated epithelium multilaminar epithelium Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA]. simple epithelium unilaminar epithelia unilaminar epithelium Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. embryonic organism developing organism developmental tissue embryo A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the animal embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The three types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. embryonic tissue germinal layer primary germ layer embryonic germ layer embryonic germ layers germ layer Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue. embryonic ectoderm ectoderm Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration. apparatus respiratorius respiratory system Atmungssystem apparatus respiratorius systema respiratorium respiratory system Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. anatomical entity Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo. developing embryonic structure embryonic anatomical structure developing structure embryonale Struktur embryonic structures embryonic structure Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance. portion of connective tissue textus connectivus Bindegewebe connective tissue Connected anatomical system that forms a barrier between an animal and its environment. In vertebrates, the integumental system consists of the epidermis, dermis plus associated glands and adnexa such as hair and scales. In invertebrates, the integumental system may include cuticle. integumentary system body surface dermal system external covering of organism integumentum commune organism surface surface integumental system In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast is a tissue type derived either from the inner cell mass in mammals or the blastodisc in birds and reptiles. It lies above the hypoblast. In mammalian embryogenesis, the columnar cells of the epiblast are adjacent to the trophoblast, while the cuboidal cells of the hypoblast are closer to the blastocoele. The epiblast, whilst referred to as the primary ectoderm, differentiates to form all three layers of the trilaminar germ disc in a process called gastrulation[WP]. The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation[ZFA]. epiblast blastocyst ectoblast epiblastus primitive ectoderm epiblast (generic) Anatomical surface structure found in many aquatic organisms. It is a respiration organ whose function is the extraction of oxygen from water and the excretion of carbon dioxide. The microscopic structure of a gill is such that it presents a very large surface area to the external environment. Gills usually consist of thin filaments of tissue, branches, or slender tufted processes which have a highly folded surface to increase surface area. A high surface area is crucial to the gas exchange of aquatic organisms as water contains only 1/20 parts dissolved Oxygen compared to air. With the exception of some aquatic insects, the filaments and lamellae (folds) contain blood or coelomic fluid, from which gases are exchanged through the thin walls. Oxygen is carried by the blood to other parts of the body. Carbon dioxide passes from the blood through the thin gill tissue into the water. Gills or gill-like organs, located in different parts of the body, are found in various groups of aquatic animals, including mollusks, crustaceans, insects, fish, and amphibians. gill Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism. anatomical surface feature surface feature surface region surface structures surface structure A portion of connective tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. apparatus respiratorius connective tissue apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius connective tissue of respiratory system portion of connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue of respiratory system respiratory system portion of connective tissue respiratory system textus connectivus textus connectivus of apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus of respiratory system respiratory system connective tissue An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. ectodermal deriviative ectoderm-derived structure An epithelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue apparatus respiratorius epithelium epithelial tissue of apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue of respiratory system epithelium of apparatus respiratorius epithelium of respiratory system respiratory system epithelial tissue respiratory system epithelium A portion of tissue that is part of an embryo. portion of embryonic tissue developing tissue embryonic tissue developing structure developmental structure developmental tissue developing anatomical structure An acellular anatomical structure that is the bounding layer of a anatomical structure. acellular membrane An acellular membrane that is part of the epithelium, lies adjacent to the epithelial cells, and is the fusion of the the basal lamina and the reticular lamina. basement membrane of connective tissue membrana basalis basement membrane basement membrane of epithelium Portion of embryonic tissue determined by fate mapping to become a structure. future structure presumptive structures presumptive structure Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm. presumptive epidermis presumptive ectoderm A rigid covering that envelops an object. shell Organism at the cleavage stage. cleaving embryo The epidermis is the entire outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species[GO]. epidermis epidermis (sensu Metazoa) outer epidermal layer outer epithelial layer hypoderm hypodermis outer epithelium Outermost layer of cells surrounding the embryo. EVL enveloping layer enveloping layer of ectoderm An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. multicellular structure multicellular anatomical structure germ layer / neural crest Epithelium composed of cells that develops from the ectoderm[FMA,modified]. ectoderm-derived epithelium ecto-epithelium A basement membrane of epithelium that is part of a respiratory system. respiratory system basement membrane Material anatomical entity consisting of multiple anatomical structures that are not connected to each other. disconnected anatomical group "A unit of measurement is a standardized quantity of a physical quality." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] unit length unit A unit which is a standard measure of the distance between two points. "A unit which is a standard measure of the distance between two points." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] length unit mass unit A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of matter/energy of a physical object. "A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of matter/energy of a physical object." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] mass unit time unit A unit which is a standard measure of the dimension in which events occur in sequence. time derived unit time derived unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the dimension in which events occur in sequence." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] time unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the flow of electric charge." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] electric current unit temperature unit temperature derived unit temperature derived unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] temperature unit substance unit "A unit which is a standardised quantity of an element or compound with uniform composition." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] substance unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] luminous intensity unit "A unit which is one of a particular measure to which all measures of that type can be related." [NIST:NIST] base unit prefix "A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of a 2-dimensional flat surface." [UOC:GVG] area unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the rate of change of velocity in either speed or direction." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] acceleration unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the rate of angular movement about an axis; the angle rotated in a given time." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] angular velocity unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the rate of change of angular velocity." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] angular acceleration unit concentration unit "A unit which represents a standard measurement of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance." [UOC:GVG] concentration unit mass per unit volume "A density unit which is a standard measure of the mass of a substance in a given volume." [UOC:GVG] mass density unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the luminous intensity impinging on a given area." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] luminance unit mass per unit area unit "A density unit which is a standard measure of the mass exerting an influence on a given area." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] area density unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the mass of a homogeneous substance containing 6.02 x 1023 atoms or molecules." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] molar mass unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the volume of a homogeneous substance containing 6.02 x 1023 atoms or molecules." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] molar volume unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the quantity of motion measured by the product of mass and velocity." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] momentum unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the number of rotations in a given time." [NIST:NIST] rotational frequency unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the volume of a given mass of substance (the reciprocal of density)." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] specific volume unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the rate of movement. Speed is measured in the same physical units of measurement as velocity, but does not contain the element of direction that velocity has. Speed is thus the magnitude component of velocity." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] speed/velocity unit "A concentration unit which is a standard measure of the number of moles of a given substance per liter of solution." [UOC:GVG] unit of molarity "A concentration unit which is a standard measure of the number of moles of a given substance per kilogram of solvent." [UOC:GVG] unit of molality "A unit of concentration which highlights the chemical nature of salts." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] unit of normality volume unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of space occupied by any substance, whether solid, liquid, or gas." [NIST:NIST] volume unit frequency unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the number of repetitive actions in a particular time." [NIST:NIST] frequency unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the force is applied when a mass is accelerated." [NIST:NIST] force unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the force applied to a given area." [NIST:NIST] pressure unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the work done by a certain force (gravitational, electric, magnetic, force of inertia, etc)." [NIST:NIST] energy unit "A unit which is a standard measure power or the rate of doing work." [NIST:NIST] power unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the luminous flux incident on a unit area." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] illuminance unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the flow of radiant energy." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] luminous flux unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of the action of a catalyst." [NIST:NIST] catalytic activity unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the figure or space formed by the junction of two lines or planes." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] angle unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the angle formed by two straight lines in the same plane." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] plane angle unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the angle formed by three or more planes intersecting at a common point." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] solid angle unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of radiation emitted by a given radiation source as well as the amount of radiation absorbed or deposited in a specific material by a radiation source." [OCRBS:OCRBS] radiation unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the transformation (disintegration) rate of a radioactive substance." [DEFRA:DEFRA] activity (of a radionuclide) unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the energy imparted by ionizing radiation to unit mass of matter such as tissue." [DEFRA:DEFRA] absorbed dose unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the expression of dose in terms of its biological effect." [ORCBS:ORCBS] dose equivalent unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the quantity that expresses the ability of radiation to ionize air and thereby create electric charges which can be collected and measured." [ORCBS:ORCBS] exposure unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the power of electromagnetic radiation at a surface, per unit area." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] irradiance unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the intensity of light." [NIST:NIST] light unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the intensity of electromagnetic radiation." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] radiant intensity unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the power of electromagnetic radiation through space or through a material medium in the form of electromagnetic waves." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] radiance unit "A dimensionless concentration notation which describes the amount of one substance in another. It is the ratio of the amount of the substance of interest to the amount of that substance plus the amount of the substance." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] parts per notation unit "A concentration unit which is a standard measure of the number of units, as an agreed arbitrary amount, of a given substance per a specific volume of solution." [Webmd:Webmd] unit per volume unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the influence exerted by some mass." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] density unit "A density unit which is a standard measure of the mass exerting an influence on a one-dimensional object." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] linear density unit "A unit which is a standard measure of physical quantity consisting of only a numerical number without any units." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] dimensionless unit % "A dimensionless ratio unit which denotes numbers as fractions of 100." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] percent count "A dimensionless unit which denotes a simple count of things." [MGED:MGED] count unit "A dimensionless unit which denotes an amount or magnitude of one quantity relative to another." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] ratio unit "A dimensionless ratio unit which relates the part (the numerator) to the whole (the denominator)." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] fraction "A concentration unit which denotes the average cell number in a given volume." [Bioedonline:Bioedonline] cell concentration unit "A concentration unit which is a standard measure of the amount of the action of a catalyst in a given volume." [UOC:GVG] catalytic (activity) concentration unit "A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the given volume of the solute in the total volume of the resulting solution." [NIST:NIST] volume per unit volume "A concentration unit which a measure of plaque forming units in a given volume." [UOC:GVG] plaque forming unit per volume "A unit which is a standard measure of the work done per unit charge as a charge is moved between two points in an electric field." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] electric potential difference unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the quantity of unbalanced electricity in a body (either positive or negative) and construed as an excess or deficiency of electrons." [WordNet:WordNet] electric charge "A unit which is a standard measure of quantity of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] magnetic flux unit B "A unit which is a standard measure of the strength of a magnetic field." [allnet:allnet] magnetic flux density unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of information." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] information unit "An information unit which is a standard measure of the detail an image holds." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] image resolution unit "An image resolution unit which is a standard measure of the way luminance and chrominance may be sampled at different levels." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] spatial resolution unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the ability of a liguid to attraction of molecules at its surface as a result of unbalanced molecular cohesive forces." [NIST:NIST] surface tension unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the internal resistance of fluids to flow." [UOC:GVG] viscosity unit "A unit which represents a standard measurement of the transmission of an entity through a medium." [UOC:GVG] conduction unit "A unit which represents a standard measurement of the movement of electrically charged particles through a transmission medium (electrical conductor)." [UOC:GVG] electrical conduction unit "A unit which represents a standard measurement of the spontaneous transfer of thermal energy through matter, from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] heat conduction unit E-field strength "The electric field strength is a unit which is a measure of the potential difference between two points some distance apart." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_field] electric field strength unit volumetric flow rate unit "A unit which is a standard measure of the volume of fluid which passes through a given surface per unit time ." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] volumetric flow rate unit rate unit "A unit which represents a standard measurement occurrence of a process per unit time." [UOC:GVG] rate unit 10^[9] G "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of ten to the power of 9." [UO:GVG] giga 10^[6] M "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of million." [UO:GVG] mega 10^[3] k "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one thousand." [UO:GVG] kilo 10^[-1] d "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one tenth." [UO:GVG] deci 10^[-3] m "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one thousand." [UO:GVG] milli 10^[-2] c "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one hundred." [UO:GVG] centi 10^[-6] "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10 to the power of -6." [UO:GVG] micro 10^[-9] n "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10 to the power of -9." [UO:GVG] nano 10^[-12] n "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10 to the power of -12." [GVG:UO] pico 10^[-15] f "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10 to the power of -15." [UO:GVG] femto a 10^[-18] "A prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10 to the power of -18." [UO:GVG] atto "A concentration unit which is a standard measure of the amount of a toxic or pharmaceutical substance administered to a recipient subject, expressed in terms of the size of the subject." [UO:PC] dose unit meter based unit second based unit ampere based unit kelvin based unit mole based unit candela based unit angstrom based unit gram based unit degree Celsius based unit minute based unit hour based unit day based unit week based unit month based unit year based unit molar based unit molal based unit normal based unit mole fraction based unit meter per second per second based unit radian per second per second based unit radian per second based unit square meter based unit square centimeter based unit square millimeter based unit gram per cubic centimeter based unit candela per square meter based unit gram per mole based unit cubic meter per mole based unit cubic centimeter per mole based unit turns per second based unit cubic meter per kilogram based unit meter per second based unit cubic meter based unit cubic centimeter based unit liter based unit cubic decimeter based unit hertz based unit newton based unit pascal based unit joule based unit watt based unit lux based unit lumen based unit katal based unit radian based unit steradian based unit becquerel based unit curie based unit gray based unit rad based unit roentgen based unit sievert based unit Roentgen equivalent man based unit disintegrations per minute based unit counts per minute based unit century based unit half life based unit foot candle based unit watt per square meter based unit einstein per square meter per second based unit watt per steradian per square meter based unit watt per steradian based unit mass percentage based unit mass volume percentage based unit volume percentage based unit parts per hundred based unit parts per thousand based unit parts per million based unit parts per billion based unit parts per trillion based unit parts per quadrillion based unit gram per milliliter based unit gram per liter based unit unit per milliliter based unit unit per liter based unit mass per unit volume based unit enzyme unit based unit degree based unit pi based unit molecule count based unit purity percentage based unit confluence percentage based unit degree Fahrenheit based unit pH based unit liter per kilogram based unit cells per milliliter based unit katal per cubic meter based unit katal per liter based unit gram per deciliter based unit colony forming unit based unit plaque forming unit based unit colony forming unit per milliliter based unit plaque forming unit per milliliter based unit disintegrations per second based unit volt based unit coulomb based unit dalton based unit watt-hour based unit weber based unit tesla based unit volt-hour based unit bit based unit byte based unit chroma sampling unit based unit dynamic range unit based unit dots per inch based unit pixels per inch based unit pixels per millimeter based unit base pair based unit kibibyte based unit mebibyte based unit newton per meter based unit dyne per cm based unit pascal second based unit poise based unit effective dose unit based unit siemens based unit watt per meter kelvin based unit electronvolt based unit volt per meter based unit absorbance unit based unit count per nanomolar second based unit count per molar second based unit count per nanomolar based unit count per molar based unit dosage unit based unit relative light unit based unit relative luminescence unit based unit relative fluorescence unit based unit square micrometer based unit hectare based unit inch based unit thou based unit foot based unit yard based unit chain based unit furlong based unit mile based unit league based unit maritime length unit based unit fathom based unit cable based unit nautical mile based unit perch based unit rood based unit acre based unit fluid ounce based unit gill based unit pint based unit quart based unit gallon based unit grain based unit drachm based unit ounce based unit pound based unit stone based unit quarter based unit hundredweight based unit ton based unit slug based unit teaspoon based unit gram per square meter based unit large calorie based unit gray per minute based unit The DCMI Type Vocabulary provides a general, cross-domain list of approved terms that may be used as values for the Resource Type element to identify the genre of a resource. 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 A list of types used to categorize the nature or genre of the content of the resource. DCMI Type Vocabulary 2000-07-11 A set of date encoding schemes and/or formats Date Encoding Schemes 2000-07-11 A set of format encoding schemes. Format Encoding Schemes 2000-07-11 A set of resource identifier encoding schemes and/or formats Resource Identifier Encoding Schemes 2000-07-11 A set of language encoding schemes and/or formats. Language Encoding Schemes 2000-07-11 A set of resource relation encoding schemes and/or formats Resource Relation Encoding Schemes 2000-07-11 A set of source encoding schemes and/or formats Source Encoding Schemes 2000-07-11 A set of geographic place encoding schemes and/or formats Place Encoding Schemes 2000-07-11 A set of subject encoding schemes and/or formats Subject Encoding Schemes 2000-07-11 A set of encoding schemes for the coverage qualifier "temporal" Encoding Schemes for temporal characteristics 2000-07-11 A set of resource type encoding schemes and/or formats Resource Type Encoding Schemes Computer software, or generally just software, is any set of machine-readable instructions (most often in the form of a computer program) that conform to a given syntax (sometimes referred to as a language) that is interpretable by a given processor and that directs a computer's processor to perform specific operations. James Malone Modified in parts from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software Robert Stevens AL 7.9.22: There are some reasoning oddities associated with marking IAO and SWO software as equivalent; once these are sorted out, the equivalence statement will take the place of this current parent-child relationship. software A licence is a legal instrument (usually by way of contract law, with or without printed material) governing the use or redistribution of the resource containing the licence. Modified from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_license licence software license The mode of interaction with a piece of software. software interface A web service is a software interface which works as a method of communication between two electronic devices over the World Wide Web and which is provided at a particular network address. There are two major classes of Web services: REST-compliant Web services, and arbitrary (or application-specific) Web services. Web Service Modified from http://www.w3.org/TR/ws-arch/, accessed 6 June 2013; Modified from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_service, accessed 6 June 2013. web service A Graphical user interface is a type of software interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices using images rather than text commands. A GUI represents the information and actions available to a user through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation, as opposed to text-based interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface, accessed 6 June 2013. GUI graphical user interface An application programming interface is a set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications. An API expresses a software component in terms of its operations, inputs, outputs, and underlying types. An API defines functionalities that are independent of their respective implementations, which allows definitions and implementations to vary without compromising each other. The API specifies how software components should interact. API http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface, accessed 25 November 2014. application programming interface Acquaintance 1 1 1 1 1 To specify the components of the delivery address for the object Address Agent This class is deprecated BBS true This class is deprecated Car true Also called mobile telephone Cell Child Colleague Contact Coresident Coworker Crush Date This class is deprecated Dom true To specify the electronic mail address for communication with the object the vCard represents. Use the hasEmail object property. Email true Emergency Fax Female Friend Used for gender codes. The URI of the gender code must be used as the value for Gender. Gender 1 Object representing a group of persons or entities. A group object will usually contain hasMember properties to specify the members of the group. Group This implies that the property is related to an individual's personal life Home This class is deprecated ISDN true An object representing a single person or entity Individual This class is deprecated Internet true This class is deprecated Intl true Kin 1 The parent class for all objects Kind This class is deprecated Label true An object representing a named geographical place Location Male Me Met This class is deprecated Modem true This class is deprecated Msg true Muse 0 1 1 0 0 To specify the components of the name of the object Name Neighbor None An object representing an organization. An organization is a single entity, and might represent a business or government, a department or division within a business or government, a club, an association, or the like. Organization Other This class is deprecated PCS true Pager This class is deprecated Parcel true Parent This class is deprecated Postal true This class is deprecated Pref true Used for relation type codes. The URI of the relation type code must be used as the value for the Relation Type. Relation Type Sibling Spouse Sweetheart This class is deprecated. Use the hasTelephone object property. Tel true Used for telephone type codes. The URI of the telephone type code must be used as the value for the Telephone Type. Phone Also called sms telephone Text Text phone Used for type codes. The URI of the type code must be used as the value for Type. Type Unknown The vCard class is equivalent to the new Kind class, which is the parent for the four explicit types of vCards (Individual, Organization, Location, Group) VCard Video Voice This implies that the property is related to an individual's work place Work This class is deprecated X400 true A curated collection of metadata about resources (e.g., datasets and data services in the context of a data catalog). En udvalgt og arrangeret samling af metadata om ressourcer (fx datasæt og datatjenester i kontekst af et datakatalog). Una colección curada de metadatos sobre recursos (por ejemplo, conjuntos de datos y servicios de datos en el contexto de un catálogo de datos). Una raccolta curata di metadati sulle risorse (ad es. sui dataset e relativi servizi nel contesto di cataloghi di dati). Une collection élaborée de métadonnées sur les jeux de données Řízená kolekce metadat o datových sadách a datových službách Μια επιμελημένη συλλογή μεταδεδομένων περί συνόλων δεδομένων مجموعة من توصيفات قوائم البيانات データ・カタログは、データセットに関するキュレートされたメタデータの集合です。 Catalog Catalogo Catalogue Catálogo Katalog Katalog Κατάλογος فهرس قوائم البيانات カタログ A curated collection of metadata about resources (e.g., datasets and data services in the context of a data catalog). En samling af metadata om ressourcer (fx datasæt og datatjenester i kontekst af et datakatalog). Una colección curada de metadatos sobre recursos (por ejemplo, conjuntos de datos y servicios de datos en el contexto de un catálogo de datos). Una raccolta curata di metadati sulle risorse (ad es. sui dataset e relativi servizi nel contesto di cataloghi di dati). Une collection élaborée de métadonnées sur les jeux de données. Řízená kolekce metadat o datových sadách a datových službách. Μια επιμελημένη συλλογή μεταδεδομένων περί συνόλων δεδομένων. مجموعة من توصيفات قوائم البيانات データ・カタログは、データセットに関するキュレートされたメタデータの集合です。 English, Italian, Spanish definitions updated in this revision. Multilingual text not yet updated. A web-based data catalog is typically represented as a single instance of this class. Et webbaseret datakatalog repræsenteres typisk ved en enkelt instans af denne klasse. Normalmente, un catalogo di dati nel web viene rappresentato come una singola istanza di questa classe. Normalmente, un catálogo de datos disponible en la web se representa como una única instancia de esta clase. Webový datový katalog je typicky reprezentován jako jedna instance této třídy. Συνήθως, ένας κατάλογος δεδομένων στον Παγκόσμιο Ιστό αναπαρίσταται ως ένα στιγμιότυπο αυτής της κλάσης. 通常、ウェブ・ベースのデータ・カタログは、このクラスの1つのインスタンスとして表わされます。 1 1つのデータセットを記述したデータ・カタログ内のレコード。 A record in a data catalog, describing the registration of a single dataset or data service. En post i et datakatalog der beskriver registreringen af et enkelt datasæt eller en datatjeneste. Un record in un catalogo di dati che descrive un singolo dataset o servizio di dati. Un registre du catalogue ou une entrée du catalogue, décrivant un seul jeu de données. Un registro en un catálogo de datos que describe un solo conjunto de datos o un servicio de datos. Záznam v datovém katalogu popisující jednu datovou sadu či datovou službu. Μία καταγραφή ενός καταλόγου, η οποία περιγράφει ένα συγκεκριμένο σύνολο δεδομένων. Catalog Record Katalogizační záznam Katalogpost Record di catalogo Registre du catalogue Registro del catálogo Καταγραφή καταλόγου سجل カタログ・レコード 1つのデータセットを記述したデータ・カタログ内のレコード。 A record in a data catalog, describing the registration of a single dataset or data service. En post i et datakatalog der beskriver registreringen af et enkelt datasæt eller en datatjeneste. Un record in un catalogo di dati che descrive un singolo dataset o servizio di dati. Un registre du catalogue ou une entrée du catalogue, décrivant un seul jeu de données. Un registro en un catálogo de datos que describe un solo conjunto de datos o un servicio de datos. Záznam v datovém katalogu popisující jednu datovou sadu či datovou službu. Μία καταγραφή ενός καταλόγου, η οποία περιγράφει ένα συγκεκριμένο σύνολο δεδομένων. English definition updated in this revision. Multilingual text not yet updated except the Spanish one and the Czech one and Italian one. C'est une classe facultative et tous les catalogues ne l'utiliseront pas. Cette classe existe pour les catalogues ayant une distinction entre les métadonnées sur le jeu de données et les métadonnées sur une entrée du jeu de données dans le catalogue. Denne klasse er valgfri og ikke alle kataloger vil anvende denne klasse. Den kan anvendes i de kataloger hvor der skelnes mellem metadata om datasættet eller datatjenesten og metadata om selve posten til registreringen af datasættet eller datatjenesten i kataloget. Udgivelsesdatoen for datasættet afspejler for eksempel den dato hvor informationerne oprindeligt blev gjort tilgængelige af udgiveren, hvorimod udgivelsesdatoen for katalogposten er den dato hvor datasættet blev føjet til kataloget. I de tilfælde hvor de to datoer er forskellige eller hvor blot sidstnævnte er kendt, bør udgivelsesdatoen kun angives for katalogposten. Bemærk at W3Cs PROV ontologi gør til muligt at tilføje yderligere proveniensoplysninger eksempelvis om processen eller aktøren involveret i en given ændring af datasættet. Esta clase es opcional y no todos los catálogos la utilizarán. Esta clase existe para catálogos que hacen una distinción entre los metadatos acerca de un conjunto de datos o un servicio de datos y los metadatos acerca de una entrada en ese conjunto de datos en el catálogo. Por ejemplo, la propiedad sobre la fecha de la publicación de los datos refleja la fecha en que la información fue originalmente publicada, mientras que la fecha de publicación del registro del catálogo es la fecha en que los datos se agregaron al mismo. En caso en que ambas fechas fueran diferentes, o en que sólo la fecha de publicación del registro del catálogo estuviera disponible, sólo debe especificarse en el registro del catálogo. Tengan en cuenta que la ontología PROV de W3C permite describir otra información sobre la proveniencia de los datos, como por ejemplo detalles del proceso y de los agentes involucrados en algún cambio específico a los datos. Questa classe è opzionale e non tutti i cataloghi la utilizzeranno. Esiste per cataloghi in cui si opera una distinzione tra i metadati relativi al dataset ed i metadati relativi alla gestione del dataset nel catalogo. Ad esempio, la proprietà per indicare la data di pubblicazione del dataset rifletterà la data in cui l'informazione è stata originariamente messa a disposizione dalla casa editrice, mentre la data di pubblicazione per il record nel catalogo rifletterà la data in cui il dataset è stato aggiunto al catalogo. Nei casi dove solo quest'ultima sia nota, si utilizzerà esclusivamente la data di pubblicazione relativa al record del catalogo. Si noti che l'Ontologia W3C PROV permette di descrivere ulteriori informazioni sulla provenienza, quali i dettagli del processo, la procedura e l'agente coinvolto in una particolare modifica di un dataset. Tato třída je volitelná a ne všechny katalogy ji využijí. Existuje pro katalogy, ve kterých se rozlišují metadata datové sady či datové služby a metadata o záznamu o datové sadě či datové službě v katalogu. Například datum publikace datové sady odráží datum, kdy byla datová sada původně zveřejněna poskytovatelem dat, zatímco datum publikace katalogizačního záznamu je datum zanesení datové sady do katalogu. V případech kdy se obě data liší, nebo je známo jen to druhé, by mělo být specifikováno jen datum publikace katalogizačního záznamu. Všimněte si, že ontologie W3C PROV umožňuje popsat další informace o původu jako například podrobnosti o procesu konkrétní změny datové sady a jeho účastnících. This class is optional and not all catalogs will use it. It exists for catalogs where a distinction is made between metadata about a dataset or data service and metadata about the entry for the dataset or data service in the catalog. For example, the publication date property of the dataset reflects the date when the information was originally made available by the publishing agency, while the publication date of the catalog record is the date when the dataset was added to the catalog. In cases where both dates differ, or where only the latter is known, the publication date should only be specified for the catalog record. Notice that the W3C PROV Ontology allows describing further provenance information such as the details of the process and the agent involved in a particular change to a dataset. Αυτή η κλάση είναι προαιρετική και δεν χρησιμοποιείται από όλους τους καταλόγους. Υπάρχει για τις περιπτώσεις καταλόγων όπου γίνεται διαχωρισμός μεταξύ των μεταδεδομένων για το σύνολο των δεδομένων και των μεταδεδομένων για την καταγραφή του συνόλου δεδομένων εντός του καταλόγου. Για παράδειγμα, η ιδιότητα της ημερομηνίας δημοσίευσης του συνόλου δεδομένων δείχνει την ημερομηνία κατά την οποία οι πληροφορίες έγιναν διαθέσιμες από τον φορέα δημοσίευσης, ενώ η ημερομηνία δημοσίευσης της καταγραφής του καταλόγου δείχνει την ημερομηνία που το σύνολο δεδομένων προστέθηκε στον κατάλογο. Σε περιπτώσεις που οι δύο ημερομηνίες διαφέρουν, ή που μόνο η τελευταία είναι γνωστή, η ημερομηνία δημοσίευσης θα πρέπει να δίνεται για την καταγραφή του καταλόγου. Να σημειωθεί πως η οντολογία W3C PROV επιτρέπει την περιγραφή επιπλέον πληροφοριών ιστορικού όπως λεπτομέρειες για τη διαδικασία και τον δράστη που εμπλέκονται σε μία συγκεκριμένη αλλαγή εντός του συνόλου δεδομένων. このクラスはオプションで、すべてのカタログがそれを用いるとは限りません。これは、データセットに関するメタデータとカタログ内のデータセットのエントリーに関するメタデータとで区別が行われるカタログのために存在しています。例えば、データセットの公開日プロパティーは、公開機関が情報を最初に利用可能とした日付を示しますが、カタログ・レコードの公開日は、データセットがカタログに追加された日付です。両方の日付が異っていたり、後者だけが分かっている場合は、カタログ・レコードに対してのみ公開日を指定すべきです。W3CのPROVオントロジー[prov-o]を用いれば、データセットに対する特定の変更に関連するプロセスやエージェントの詳細などの、さらに詳しい来歴情報の記述が可能となることに注意してください。 A site or end-point providing operations related to the discovery of, access to, or processing functions on, data or related resources. Et websted eller endpoint der udstiller operationer relateret til opdagelse af, adgang til eller behandlende funktioner på data eller relaterede ressourcer. Umístění či přístupový bod poskytující operace související s hledáním, přistupem k, či výkonem funkcí na datech či souvisejících zdrojích. Un sitio o end-point que provee operaciones relacionadas a funciones de descubrimiento, acceso, o procesamiento de datos o recursos relacionados. Un sito o end-point che fornisce operazioni relative alla scoperta, all'accesso o all'elaborazione di funzioni su dati o risorse correlate. Data service Datatjeneste Servicio de datos Servizio di dati Dataservice New class added in DCAT 2.0. Nová třída přidaná ve verzi DCAT 2.0. Nueva clase añadida en DCAT 2.0. Nuova classe aggiunta in DCAT 2.0. Ny klasse tilføjet i DCAT 2.0. A site or end-point providing operations related to the discovery of, access to, or processing functions on, data or related resources. Et site eller endpoint der udstiller operationer relateret til opdagelse af, adgang til eller behandlende funktioner på data eller relaterede ressourcer. Umístění či přístupový bod poskytující operace související s hledáním, přistupem k, či výkonem funkcí na datech či souvisejících zdrojích. Un sitio o end-point que provee operaciones relacionadas a funciones de descubrimiento, acceso, o procesamiento de datos o recursos relacionados. Un sito o end-point che fornisce operazioni relative alla scoperta, all'accesso o all'elaborazione di funzioni su dati o risorse correlate. Datatjenestetypen kan indikeres ved hjælp af egenskaben dct:type. Værdien kan tages fra kontrollerede udfaldsrum såsom INSPIRE spatial data service vocabulary. Druh služby může být indikován vlastností dct:type. Její hodnota může být z řízeného slovníku, kterým je například slovník typů prostorových datových služeb INSPIRE. El tipo de servicio puede indicarse usando la propiedad dct:type. Su valor puede provenir de un vocabulario controlado, como por ejemplo el vocabulario de servicios de datos espaciales de INSPIRE. Hvis en dcat:DataService er bundet til en eller flere specifikke datasæt kan dette indikeres ved hjælp af egenskaben dcat:servesDataset. If a dcat:DataService is bound to one or more specified Datasets, they are indicated by the dcat:servesDataset property. Il tipo di servizio può essere indicato usando la proprietà dct:type. Il suo valore può essere preso da un vocabolario controllato come il vocabolario dei tipi di servizi per dati spaziali di INSPIRE. Pokud je dcat:DataService navázána na jednu či více Datových sad, jsou tyto indikovány vlstností dcat:servesDataset. Se un dcat:DataService è associato a uno o più Dataset specificati, questi sono indicati dalla proprietà dcat:serveDataset. Si un dcat:DataService está asociado con uno o más conjuntos de datos especificados, dichos conjuntos de datos pueden indicarse con la propiedad dcat:servesDataset. The kind of service can be indicated using the dct:type property. Its value may be taken from a controlled vocabulary such as the INSPIRE spatial data service type vocabulary. 1つのエージェントによって公開またはキュレートされ、1つ以上の形式でアクセスまたはダウンロードできるデータの集合。 A collection of data, published or curated by a single source, and available for access or download in one or more representations. En samling af data, udgivet eller udvalgt og arrangeret af en enkelt kilde og som er til råde for adgang til eller download af i en eller flere repræsentationer. Kolekce dat poskytovaná či řízená jedním zdrojem, která je k dispozici pro přístup či stažení v jednom či více formátech. Raccolta di dati, pubblicati o curati da un'unica fonte, disponibili per l'accesso o il download in uno o più formati. Una colección de datos, publicados o conservados por una única fuente, y disponibles para ser accedidos o descargados en uno o más formatos. Une collection de données, publiée ou élaborée par une seule source, et disponible pour accès ou téléchargement dans un ou plusieurs formats. Μία συλλογή από δεδομένα, δημοσιευμένη ή επιμελημένη από μία και μόνο πηγή, διαθέσιμη δε προς πρόσβαση ή μεταφόρτωση σε μία ή περισσότερες μορφές. قائمة بيانات منشورة أو مجموعة من قبل مصدر ما و متاح الوصول إليها أو تحميلها Conjunto de datos Dataset Dataset Datasæt Datová sada Jeu de données Σύνολο Δεδομένων قائمة بيانات データセット Datasamling 2018-02 - odstraněno tvrzení o podtřídě dctype:Dataset, jelikož rozsah dcat:Dataset zahrnuje několik dalších typů ze slovníku dctype. 2018-02 - se eliminó el axioma de subclase con dctype:Dataset porque el alcance de dcat:Dataset incluye muchos otros tipos del vocabulario dctype. 2018-02 - sottoclasse di dctype:Dataset rimosso perché l'ambito di dcat:Dataset include diversi altri tipi dal vocabolario dctype. 2018-02 - subclass of dctype:Dataset removed because scope of dcat:Dataset includes several other types from the dctype vocabulary. 2018-02 - subklasse af dctype:Dataset fjernet da scope af dcat:Dataset omfatter flere forskellige typer fra dctype-vokabularet. 1つのエージェントによって公開またはキュレートされ、1つ以上の形式でアクセスまたはダウンロードできるデータの集合。 A collection of data, published or curated by a single source, and available for access or download in one or more represenations. En samling a data, udgivet eller udvalgt og arrangeret af en enkelt kilde og som der er adgang til i en eller flere repræsentationer. Kolekce dat poskytovaná či řízená jedním zdrojem, která je k dispozici pro přístup či stažení v jednom či více formátech. Raccolta di dati, pubblicati o curati da un'unica fonte, disponibili per l'accesso o il download in uno o più formati. Una colección de datos, publicados o conservados por una única fuente, y disponibles para ser accedidos o descargados en uno o más formatos. Une collection de données, publiée ou élaborée par une seule source, et disponible pour accès ou téléchargement dans un ou plusieurs formats. Μία συλλογή από δεδομένα, δημοσιευμένη ή επιμελημένη από μία και μόνο πηγή, διαθέσιμη δε προς πρόσβαση ή μεταφόρτωση σε μία ή περισσότερες μορφές. قائمة بيانات منشورة أو مجموعة من قبل مصدر ما و متاح الوصول إليها أو تحميلها 2020-03-16 A new scopenote added and need to be translated Cette classe représente le jeu de données publié par le fournisseur de données. Dans les cas où une distinction est nécessaire entre le jeu de donénes et son entrée dans le catalogue, la classe registre de données peut être utilisée pour ce dernier. Denne klasse beskriver det konceptuelle datasæt. En eller flere repræsentationer kan være tilgængelige med forskellige skematiske opsætninger, formater eller serialiseringer. Denne klasse repræsenterer det konkrete datasæt som det udgives af datasætleverandøren. I de tilfælde hvor det er nødvendigt at skelne mellem det konkrete datasæt og dets registrering i kataloget (fordi metadata såsom ændringsdato og vedligeholder er forskellige), så kan klassen katalogpost anvendes. Esta clase representa el conjunto de datos publicados. En los casos donde es necesario distinguir entre el conjunto de datos y su entrada en el catálogo de datos, se debe utilizar la clase 'registro del catálogo'. Questa classe descrive il dataset dal punto di vista concettuale. Possono essere disponibili una o più rappresentazioni, con diversi layout e formati schematici o serializzazioni. Questa classe rappresenta il dataset come pubblicato dall’editore. Nel caso in cui sia necessario operare una distinzione fra i metadati originali del dataset e il record dei metadati ad esso associato nel catalogo (ad esempio, per distinguere la data di modifica del dataset da quella del dataset nel catalogo) si può impiegare la classe catalog record. Tato třída reprezentuje datovou sadu tak, jak je publikována poskytovatelem dat. V případě potřeby rozlišení datové sady a jejího katalogizačního záznamu (jelikož metadata jako datum modifikace se mohou lišit) pro něj může být použita třída "katalogizační záznam". The notion of dataset in DCAT is broad and inclusive, with the intention of accommodating resource types arising from all communities. Data comes in many forms including numbers, text, pixels, imagery, sound and other multi-media, and potentially other types, any of which might be collected into a dataset. This class describes the conceptual dataset. One or more representations might be available, with differing schematic layouts and formats or serializations. This class represents the actual dataset as published by the dataset provider. In cases where a distinction between the actual dataset and its entry in the catalog is necessary (because metadata such as modification date and maintainer might differ), the catalog record class can be used for the latter. Η κλάση αυτή αναπαριστά το σύνολο δεδομένων αυτό καθ'εαυτό, όπως έχει δημοσιευθεί από τον εκδότη. Σε περιπτώσεις όπου είναι απαραίτητος ο διαχωρισμός μεταξύ του συνόλου δεδομένων και της καταγραφής αυτού στον κατάλογο (γιατί μεταδεδομένα όπως η ημερομηνία αλλαγής και ο συντηρητής μπορεί να διαφέρουν) η κλάση της καταγραφής καταλόγου μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί για το τελευταίο. このクラスは、データセットの公開者が公開する実際のデータセットを表わします。カタログ内の実際のデータセットとそのエントリーとの区別が必要な場合（修正日と維持者などのメタデータが異なるかもしれないので）は、後者にcatalog recordというクラスを使用できます。 A specific representation of a dataset. A dataset might be available in multiple serializations that may differ in various ways, including natural language, media-type or format, schematic organization, temporal and spatial resolution, level of detail or profiles (which might specify any or all of the above). En specifik repræsentation af et datasæt. Et datasæt kan være tilgængelig i mange serialiseringer der kan variere på forskellige vis, herunder sprog, medietype eller format, systemorganisering, tidslig- og geografisk opløsning, detaljeringsniveau eller profiler (der kan specificere en eller flere af ovenstående). Konkrétní reprezentace datové sady. Datová sada může být dostupná v různých serializacích, které se mohou navzájem lišit různými způsoby, mimo jiné přirozeným jazykem, media-typem či formátem, schematickou organizací, časovým a prostorovým rozlišením, úrovní detailu či profily (které mohou specifikovat některé či všechny tyto rozdíly). Rappresenta una forma disponibile e specifica del dataset. Ciascun dataset può essere disponibile in forme differenti, che possono rappresentare formati diversi o diversi punti di accesso per un dataset. Esempi di distribuzioni sono un file CSV scaricabile, una API o un RSS feed. Représente une forme spécifique d'un jeu de données. Caque jeu de données peut être disponible sous différentes formes, celles-ci pouvant représenter différents formats du jeu de données ou différents endpoint. Des exemples de distribution sont des fichirs CSV, des API ou des flux RSS. Una representación específica de los datos. Cada conjunto de datos puede estar disponible en formas diferentes, las cuáles pueden variar en distintas formas, incluyendo el idioma, 'media-type' o formato, organización esquemática, resolución temporal y espacial, nivel de detalle o perfiles (que pueden especificar cualquiera o todas las diferencias anteriores). Αναπαριστά μία συγκεκριμένη διαθέσιμη μορφή ενός συνόλου δεδομένων. Κάθε σύνολο δεδομενων μπορεί να είναι διαθέσιμο σε διαφορετικές μορφές, οι μορφές αυτές μπορεί να αναπαριστούν διαφορετικές μορφές αρχείων ή διαφορετικά σημεία διάθεσης. Παραδείγματα διανομών συμπεριλαμβάνουν ένα μεταφορτώσιμο αρχείο μορφής CSV, ένα API ή ένα RSS feed. شكل محدد لقائمة البيانات يمكن الوصول إليه. قائمة بيانات ما يمكن أن تكون متاحه باشكال و أنواع متعددة. ملف يمكن تحميله أو واجهة برمجية يمكن من خلالها الوصول إلى البيانات هي أمثلة على ذلك. データセットの特定の利用可能な形式を表わします。各データセットは、異なる形式で利用できることがあり、これらの形式は、データセットの異なる形式や、異なるエンドポイントを表わす可能性があります。配信の例には、ダウンロード可能なCSVファイル、API、RSSフィードが含まれます。 Distribuce Distribución Distribution Distribution Distribution Distribuzione Διανομή التوزيع 配信 Datadistribution Datamanifestation Datarepræsentation Dataudstilling A specific representation of a dataset. A dataset might be available in multiple serializations that may differ in various ways, including natural language, media-type or format, schematic organization, temporal and spatial resolution, level of detail or profiles (which might specify any or all of the above). En specifik repræsentation af et datasæt. Et datasæt kan være tilgængelig i mange serialiseringer der kan variere på forskellige vis, herunder sprog, medietype eller format, systemorganisering, tidslig- og geografisk opløsning, detaljeringsniveau eller profiler (der kan specificere en eller flere af ovenstående). Konkrétní reprezentace datové sady. Datová sada může být dostupná v různých serializacích, které se mohou navzájem lišit různými způsoby, mimo jiné přirozeným jazykem, media-typem či formátem, schematickou organizací, časovým a prostorovým rozlišením, úrovní detailu či profily (které mohou specifikovat některé či všechny tyto rozdíly). Rappresenta una forma disponibile e specifica del dataset. Ciascun dataset può essere disponibile in forme differenti, che possono rappresentare formati diversi o diversi punti di accesso per un dataset. Esempi di distribuzioni sono un file CSV scaricabile, una API o un RSS feed. Représente une forme spécifique d'un jeu de données. Caque jeu de données peut être disponible sous différentes formes, celles-ci pouvant représenter différents formats du jeu de données ou différents endpoint. Des exemples de distribution sont des fichirs CSV, des API ou des flux RSS. Una representación específica de los datos. Cada conjunto de datos puede estar disponible en formas diferentes, las cuáles pueden variar en distintas formas, incluyendo el idioma, 'media-type' o formato, organización esquemática, resolución temporal y espacial, nivel de detalle o perfiles (que pueden especificar cualquiera o todas las diferencias anteriores). Αναπαριστά μία συγκεκριμένη διαθέσιμη μορφή ενός συνόλου δεδομένων. Κάθε σύνολο δεδομενων μπορεί να είναι διαθέσιμο σε διαφορετικές μορφές, οι μορφές αυτές μπορεί να αναπαριστούν διαφορετικές μορφές αρχείων ή διαφορετικά σημεία διάθεσης. Παραδείγματα διανομών συμπεριλαμβάνουν ένα μεταφορτώσιμο αρχείο μορφής CSV, ένα API ή ένα RSS feed. شكل محدد لقائمة البيانات يمكن الوصول إليه. قائمة بيانات ما يمكن أن تكون متاحه باشكال و أنواع متعددة. ملف يمكن تحميله أو واجهة برمجية يمكن من خلالها الوصول إلى البيانات هي أمثلة على ذلك. データセットの特定の利用可能な形式を表わします。各データセットは、異なる形式で利用できることがあり、これらの形式は、データセットの異なる形式や、異なるエンドポイントを表わす可能性があります。配信の例には、ダウンロード可能なCSVファイル、API、RSSフィードが含まれます。 Ceci représente une disponibilité générale du jeu de données, et implique qu'il n'existe pas d'information sur la méthode d'accès réelle des données, par exple, si c'est un lien de téléchargement direct ou à travers une page Web. Denne klasse repræsenterer datasættets overordnede tilgængelighed og giver ikke oplysninger om hvilken metode der kan anvendes til at få adgang til data, dvs. om adgang til datasættet realiseres ved direkte download, API eller via et websted. Anvendelsen af egenskaben dcat:downloadURL indikerer at distributionen kan downloades direkte. Esta clase representa una disponibilidad general de un conjunto de datos, e implica que no existe información acerca del método de acceso real a los datos, i.e., si es un enlace de descarga directa o a través de una página Web. Questa classe rappresenta una disponibilità generale di un dataset e non implica alcuna informazione sul metodo di accesso effettivo ai dati, ad esempio se si tratta di un accesso a download diretto, API, o attraverso una pagina Web. L'utilizzo della proprietà dcat:downloadURL indica distribuzioni direttamente scaricabili. This represents a general availability of a dataset it implies no information about the actual access method of the data, i.e. whether by direct download, API, or through a Web page. The use of dcat:downloadURL property indicates directly downloadable distributions. Toto popisuje obecnou dostupnost datové sady. Neimplikuje žádnou informaci o skutečné metodě přístupu k datům, tj. zda jsou přímo ke stažení, skrze API či přes webovou stránku. Použití vlastnosti dcat:downloadURL indikuje přímo stažitelné distribuce. Αυτό αναπαριστά μία γενική διαθεσιμότητα ενός συνόλου δεδομένων και δεν υπονοεί τίποτα περί του πραγματικού τρόπου πρόσβασης στα δεδομένα, αν είναι άμεσα μεταφορτώσιμα, μέσω API ή μέσω μίας ιστοσελίδας. Η χρήση της ιδιότητας dcat:downloadURL δείχνει μόνο άμεσα μεταφορτώσιμες διανομές. これは、データセットの一般的な利用可能性を表わし、データの実際のアクセス方式に関する情報（つまり、直接ダウンロードなのか、APIなのか、ウェブページを介したものなのか）を意味しません。dcat:downloadURLプロパティーの使用は、直接ダウンロード可能な配信を意味します。 An association class for attaching additional information to a relationship between DCAT Resources. Asociační třída pro připojení dodatečných informací ke vztahu mezi zdroji DCAT. En associationsklasse til brug for tilknytning af yderligere information til en relation mellem DCAT-ressourcer. Una clase de asociación para adjuntar información adicional a una relación entre recursos DCAT. Una classe di associazione per il collegamento di informazioni aggiuntive a una relazione tra le risorse DCAT. Relación Relation Relationship Relazione Vztah New class added in DCAT 2.0. Nová třída přidaná ve verzi DCAT 2.0. Nueva clase añadida en DCAT 2.0. Nuova classe aggiunta in DCAT 2.0. Ny klasse i DCAT 2.0. An association class for attaching additional information to a relationship between DCAT Resources. Asociační třída pro připojení dodatečných informací ke vztahu mezi zdroji DCAT. En associationsklasse til brug for tilknytning af yderligere information til en relation mellem DCAT-ressourcer. Una clase de asociación para adjuntar información adicional a una relación entre recursos DCAT. Una classe di associazione per il collegamento di informazioni aggiuntive a una relazione tra le risorse DCAT. Anvendes til at karakterisere en relation mellem datasæt, og potentielt andre ressourcer, hvor relationen er kendt men ikke tilstrækkeligt beskrevet af de standardiserede egenskaber i Dublin Core (dct:hasPart, dct:isPartOf, dct:conformsTo, dct:isFormatOf, dct:hasFormat, dct:isVersionOf, dct:hasVersion, dct:replaces, dct:isReplacedBy, dct:references, dct:isReferencedBy, dct:requires, dct:isRequiredBy) eller PROV-O-egenskaber (prov:wasDerivedFrom, prov:wasInfluencedBy, prov:wasQuotedFrom, prov:wasRevisionOf, prov:hadPrimarySource, prov:alternateOf, prov:specializationOf). Používá se pro charakterizaci vztahu mezi datovými sadami a případně i jinými zdroji, kde druh vztahu je sice znám, ale není přiměřeně charakterizován standardními vlastnostmi slovníku Dublin Core (dct:hasPart, dct:isPartOf, dct:conformsTo, dct:isFormatOf, dct:hasFormat, dct:isVersionOf, dct:hasVersion, dct:replaces, dct:isReplacedBy, dct:references, dct:isReferencedBy, dct:requires, dct:isRequiredBy) či vlastnostmi slovníku PROV-O (prov:wasDerivedFrom, prov:wasInfluencedBy, prov:wasQuotedFrom, prov:wasRevisionOf, prov:hadPrimarySource, prov:alternateOf, prov:specializationOf). Se usa para caracterizar la relación entre conjuntos de datos, y potencialmente otros recursos, donde la naturaleza de la relación se conoce pero no está caracterizada adecuadamente con propiedades del estándar 'Dublin Core' (dct:hasPart, dct:isPartOf, dct:conformsTo, dct:isFormatOf, dct:hasFormat, dct:isVersionOf, dct:hasVersion, dct:replaces, dct:isReplacedBy, dct:references, dct:isReferencedBy, dct:requires, dct:isRequiredBy) or PROV-O properties (prov:wasDerivedFrom, prov:wasInfluencedBy, prov:wasQuotedFrom, prov:wasRevisionOf, prov:hadPrimarySource, prov:alternateOf, prov:specializationOf). Use to characterize a relationship between datasets, and potentially other resources, where the nature of the relationship is known but is not adequately characterized by the standard Dublin Core properties (dct:hasPart, dct:isPartOf, dct:conformsTo, dct:isFormatOf, dct:hasFormat, dct:isVersionOf, dct:hasVersion, dct:replaces, dct:isReplacedBy, dct:references, dct:isReferencedBy, dct:requires, dct:isRequiredBy) or PROV-O properties (prov:wasDerivedFrom, prov:wasInfluencedBy, prov:wasQuotedFrom, prov:wasRevisionOf, prov:hadPrimarySource, prov:alternateOf, prov:specializationOf). Viene utilizzato per caratterizzare la relazione tra insiemi di dati, e potenzialmente altri tipi di risorse, nei casi in cui la natura della relazione è nota ma non adeguatamente caratterizzata dalle proprietà dello standard 'Dublin Core' (dct:hasPart, dct:isPartOf, dct:conformsTo, dct:isFormatOf, dct:hasFormat, dct:isVersionOf, dct:hasVersion, dct:replaces, dct:isReplacedBy, dct:references, dct:isReferencedBy, dct:require, dct:isRequiredBy) o dalle propietà fornite da PROV-O (prov:wasDerivedFrom, prov:wasInfluencedBy, prov:wasQuotedFrom, prov:wasRevisionOf, prov: hadPrimarySource, prov:alternateOf, prov:specializationOf). Recurso publicado o curado por un agente único. Resource published or curated by a single agent. Ressource udgivet eller udvalgt og arrangeret af en enkelt aktør. Risorsa pubblicata o curata da un singolo agente. Zdroj publikovaný či řízený jediným činitelem. Catalogued resource Katalogiseret ressource Katalogizovaný zdroj Recurso catalogado Risorsa catalogata New class added in DCAT 2.0. Nová třída přidaná ve verzi DCAT 2.0. Nueva clase agregada en DCAT 2.0. Nuova classe aggiunta in DCAT 2.0. Ny klasse i DCAT 2.0. Recurso publicado o curado por un agente único. Resource published or curated by a single agent. Ressource udgivet eller udvalgt og arrangeret af en enkelt aktør. Risorsa pubblicata o curata da un singolo agente. Zdroj publikovaný či řízený jediným činitelem. Klassen for alle katalogiserede ressourcer, den overordnede klasse for dcat:Dataset, dcat:DataService, dcat:Catalog og enhvert medlem af et dcat:Catalog. Denne klasse bærer egenskaber der gælder alle katalogiserede ressourcer, herunder dataset og datatjenester. Det anbefales kraftigt at mere specifikke subklasser oprettes. Når der beskrives ressourcer der ikke er dcat:Dataset eller dcat:DataService, anbefales det at oprette passende subklasser af dcat:Resource eller at dcat:Resource anvendes sammen med egenskaben dct:type til opmærkning med en specifik typeangivelse. La clase de todos los recursos catalogados, la superclase de dcat:Dataset, dcat:DataService, dcat:Catalog y cualquier otro miembro de un dcat:Catalog. Esta clase tiene propiedades comunes a todos los recursos catalogados, incluyendo conjuntos de datos y servicios de datos. Se recomienda fuertemente que se use una clase más específica. Cuando se describe un recurso que no es un dcat:Dataset o dcat:DataService, se recomienda crear una sub-clase apropiada de dcat:Resource, o usar dcat:Resource con la propiedad dct:type to indicar el tipo específico. La classe di tutte le risorse catalogate, la Superclasse di dcat:Dataset, dcat:DataService, dcat:Catalog e qualsiasi altro membro di dcat:Catalog. Questa classe porta proprietà comuni a tutte le risorse catalogate, inclusi set di dati e servizi dati. Si raccomanda vivamente di utilizzare una sottoclasse più specifica. Quando si descrive una risorsa che non è un dcat:Dataset o dcat:DataService, si raccomanda di creare una sottoclasse di dcat:Resource appropriata, o utilizzare dcat:Resource con la proprietà dct:type per indicare il tipo specifico. The class of all catalogued resources, the Superclass of dcat:Dataset, dcat:DataService, dcat:Catalog and any other member of a dcat:Catalog. This class carries properties common to all catalogued resources, including datasets and data services. It is strongly recommended to use a more specific sub-class. When describing a resource which is not a dcat:Dataset or dcat:DataService, it is recommended to create a suitable sub-class of dcat:Resource, or use dcat:Resource with the dct:type property to indicate the specific type. Třída všech katalogizovaných zdrojů, nadtřída dcat:Dataset, dcat:DataService, dcat:Catalog a všech ostatních členů dcat:Catalog. Tato třída nese vlastnosti společné všem katalogizovaným zdrojům včetně datových sad a datových služeb. Je silně doporučeno používat specifičtější podtřídy, pokud je to možné. Při popisu zdroje, který není ani dcat:Dataset, ani dcat:DataService se doporučuje vytvořit odpovídající podtřídu dcat:Resrouce a nebo použít dcat:Resource s vlastností dct:type pro určení konkrétního typu. dcat:Resource er et udvidelsespunkt der tillader oprettelsen af enhver type af kataloger. Yderligere subklasser kan defineres i en DCAT-profil eller i en applikation til kataloger med andre typer af ressourcer. dcat:Resource es un punto de extensión que permite la definición de cualquier tipo de catálogo. Se pueden definir subclases adicionales en perfil de DCAT o una aplicación para catálogos de otro tipo de recursos. dcat:Resource is an extension point that enables the definition of any kind of catalog. Additional subclasses may be defined in a DCAT profile or application for catalogs of other kinds of resources. dcat:Resource je bod pro rozšíření umožňující definici různých druhů katalogů. Další podtřídy lze definovat v profilech DCAT či aplikacích pro katalogy zdrojů jiných druhů. dcat:Resource è un punto di estensione che consente la definizione di qualsiasi tipo di catalogo. Sottoclassi aggiuntive possono essere definite in un profilo DCAT o in un'applicazione per cataloghi di altri tipi di risorse. A role is the function of a resource or agent with respect to another resource, in the context of resource attribution or resource relationships. En rolle er den funktion en ressource eller aktør har i forhold til en anden ressource, i forbindelse med ressourcekreditering eller ressourcerelationer. Role je funkce zdroje či agenta ve vztahu k jinému zdroji, v kontextu přiřazení zdrojů či vztahů mezi zdroji. Un rol es la función de un recurso o agente con respecto a otro recuros, en el contexto de atribución del recurso o de las relaciones entre recursos. Un ruolo è la funzione di una risorsa o di un agente rispetto ad un'altra risorsa, nel contesto dell'attribuzione delle risorse o delle relazioni tra risorse. Rol Role Role Rolle Ruolo New class added in DCAT 2.0. Nová třída přidaná ve verzi DCAT 2.0. Nueva clase agregada en DCAT 2.0. Nuova classe aggiunta in DCAT 2.0. Ny klasse tilføjet i DCAT 2.0. A role is the function of a resource or agent with respect to another resource, in the context of resource attribution or resource relationships. En rolle er den funktion en ressource eller aktør har i forhold til en anden ressource, i forbindelse med ressourcekreditering eller ressourcerelationer. Role je funkce zdroje či agenta ve vztahu k jinému zdroji, v kontextu přiřazení zdrojů či vztahů mezi zdroji. Un rol es la función de un recurso o agente con respecto a otro recuros, en el contexto de atribución del recurso o de las relaciones entre recursos. Un ruolo è la funzione di una risorsa o di un agente rispetto ad un'altra risorsa, nel contesto dell'attribuzione delle risorse o delle relazioni tra risorse. Incluída en DCAT para complementar prov:Role (cuyo uso está limitado a roles en el contexto de una actividad, ya que es el rango es prov:hadRole). Introdotta in DCAT per completare prov:Role (il cui uso è limitato ai ruoli nel contesto di un'attività, in conseguenza alla definizione del codominio di prov:hadRole). Introduced into DCAT to complement prov:Role (whose use is limited to roles in the context of an activity, as the range of prov:hadRole). Introduceret i DCAT for at supplere prov:Role (hvis anvendelse er begrænset til roller i forbindelse med en aktivitet, som er rækkevidde for prov:hadRole). Přidáno do DCAT pro doplnění třídy prov:Role (jejíž užití je omezeno na role v kontextu aktivit, jakožto obor hodnot vlastnosti prov:hadRole). Anvendes i forbindelse med kvalificerede krediteringer til at angive aktørens rolle i forhold til en entitet. Det anbefales at værdierne styres som et kontrolleret udfaldsrum med aktørroller, såsom http://registry.it.csiro.au/def/isotc211/CI_RoleCode. Anvendes i forbindelse med kvalificerede relationer til at specificere en entitets rolle i forhold til en anden entitet. Det anbefales at værdierne styres med et kontrolleret udfaldsrum for for entitetsroller såsom: ISO 19115 DS_AssociationTypeCode http://registry.it.csiro.au/def/isotc211/DS_AssociationTypeCode; IANA Registry of Link Relations https://www.iana.org/assignments/link-relation; DataCite metadata schema; MARC relators https://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators. Použito v kvalifikovaném přiřazení pro specifikaci role Agenta ve vztahu k Entitě. Je doporučeno množinu hodnot spravovat jako řízený slovník rolí agentů, jako například http://registry.it.csiro.au/def/isotc211/CI_RoleCode. Použito v kvalifikovaném vztahu pro specifikaci role Entity ve vztahu k jiné Entitě. Je doporučeno množinu hodnot spravovat jako řízený slovník rolí entit, jako například ISO 19115 DS_AssociationTypeCode http://registry.it.csiro.au/def/isotc211/DS_AssociationTypeCode, IANA Registry of Link Relations https://www.iana.org/assignments/link-relation, DataCite metadata schema, či MARC relators https://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators. Se usa en una atribución cualificada para especificar el rol de un Agente con respecto a una Entidad. Se recomienda que los valores se administren como un vocabulario controlado de roles de agente, como por ejemplo http://registry.it.csiro.au/def/isotc211/CI_RoleCode. Se usa en una relación cualificada para especificar el rol de una Entidad con respecto a otra Entidad. Se recomienda que los valores se administren como los valores de un vocabulario controlado de roles de entidad como por ejemplo: ISO 19115 DS_AssociationTypeCode http://registry.it.csiro.au/def/isotc211/DS_AssociationTypeCode; IANA Registry of Link Relations https://www.iana.org/assignments/link-relation; el esquema de metadatos de DataCite; MARC relators https://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators. Used in a qualified-attribution to specify the role of an Agent with respect to an Entity. It is recommended that the values be managed as a controlled vocabulary of agent roles, such as http://registry.it.csiro.au/def/isotc211/CI_RoleCode. Used in a qualified-relation to specify the role of an Entity with respect to another Entity. It is recommended that the values be managed as a controlled vocabulary of entity roles such as: ISO 19115 DS_AssociationTypeCode http://registry.it.csiro.au/def/isotc211/DS_AssociationTypeCode; IANA Registry of Link Relations https://www.iana.org/assignments/link-relation; DataCite metadata schema; MARC relators https://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators. Utilizzato in un'attribuzione qualificata per specificare il ruolo di un agente rispetto a un'entità. Si consiglia di attribuire i valori considerando un vocabolario controllato dei ruoli dell'agente, ad esempio http://registry.it.csiro.au/def/isotc211/CI_RoleCode. Utilizzato in una relazione qualificata per specificare il ruolo di un'entità rispetto a un'altra entità. Si raccomanda che il valore sia preso da un vocabolario controllato di ruoli di entità come ISO 19115 DS_AssociationTypeCode http://registry.it.csiro.au/def/isotc211/DS_AssociationTypeCode, IANA Registry of Link Relations https://www.iana.org/assignments/link-relation, DataCite metadata schema, o MARC relators https://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators. Act of carrying out an (Observation) Procedure to estimate or calculate a value of a property of a FeatureOfInterest. Links to a Sensor to describe what made the Observation and how; links to an ObservableProperty to describe what the result is an estimate of, and to a FeatureOfInterest to detail what that property was associated with. Observation Act of carrying out an (Observation) Procedure to estimate or calculate a value of a property of a FeatureOfInterest. Links to a Sensor to describe what made the Observation and how; links to an ObservableProperty to describe what the result is an estimate of, and to a FeatureOfInterest to detail what that property was associated with. The activity of estimating the intensity of an Earthquake using the Mercalli intensity scale is an Observation as is measuring the moment magnitude, i.e., the energy released by said earthquake. A Platform is an entity that hosts other entities, particularly Sensors, Actuators, Samplers, and other Platforms. Platform A Platform is an entity that hosts other entities, particularly Sensors, Actuators, Samplers, and other Platforms. A post, buoy, vehicle, ship, aircraft, satellite, cell-phone, human or animal may act as platforms for (technical or biological) sensors or actuators. Device, agent (including humans), or software (simulation) involved in, or implementing, a Procedure. Sensors respond to a stimulus, e.g., a change in the environment, or input data composed from the results of prior Observations, and generate a Result. Sensors can be hosted by Platforms. Sensor Device, agent (including humans), or software (simulation) involved in, or implementing, a Procedure. Sensors respond to a stimulus, e.g., a change in the environment, or input data composed from the results of prior Observations, and generate a Result. Sensors can be hosted by Platforms. Accelerometers, gyroscopes, barometers, magnetometers, and so forth are Sensors that are typically mounted on a modern smart phone (which acts as Platform). Other examples of sensors include the human eyes. A bus (also omnibus or autobus) is a road vehicle designed to carry passengers. Coaches are luxury busses, usually in service for long distance travel. BusOrCoach A car is a wheeled, self-powered motor vehicle used for transportation. Car A <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/CompleteDataFeed">CompleteDataFeed</a> is a <a class="localLink" href="https://schema.org/DataFeed">DataFeed</a> whose standard representation includes content for every item currently in the feed.<br/><br/> This is the equivalent of Atom's element as defined in Feed Paging and Archiving <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5005">RFC 5005</a>, for example (and as defined for Atom), when using data from a feed that represents a collection of items that varies over time (e.g. "Top Twenty Records") there is no need to have newer entries mixed in alongside older, obsolete entries. By marking this feed as a CompleteDataFeed, old entries can be safely discarded when the feed is refreshed, since we can assume the feed has provided descriptions for all current items. CompleteDataFeed A single feed providing structured information about one or more entities or topics. DataFeed A body of structured information describing some topic(s) of interest. Dataset A chemical or biologic substance, used as a medical therapy, that has a physiological effect on an organism. Here the term drug is used interchangeably with the term medicine although clinical knowledge makes a clear difference between them. Drug A subclass of OrganizationRole used to describe employee relationships. EmployeeRole Fitness-related activity designed for a specific health-related purpose, including defined exercise routines as well as activity prescribed by a clinician. ExercisePlan A Role that represents a Web link, e.g. as expressed via the 'url' property. Its linkRelationship property can indicate URL-based and plain textual link types, e.g. those in IANA link registry or others such as 'amphtml'. This structure provides a placeholder where details from HTML's link element can be represented outside of HTML, e.g. in JSON-LD feeds. LinkRole A type of blood vessel that specifically carries lymph fluid unidirectionally toward the heart. LymphaticVessel A guideline recommendation that is regarded as efficacious and where quality of the data supporting the recommendation is sound. MedicalGuidelineRecommendation An observational study is a type of medical study that attempts to infer the possible effect of a treatment through observation of a cohort of subjects over a period of time. In an observational study, the assignment of subjects into treatment groups versus control groups is outside the control of the investigator. This is in contrast with controlled studies, such as the randomized controlled trials represented by MedicalTrial, where each subject is randomly assigned to a treatment group or a control group before the start of the treatment. MedicalObservationalStudy A simple system that adds up the number of risk factors to yield a score that is associated with prognosis, e.g. CHAD score, TIMI risk score. MedicalRiskScore A motorcycle or motorbike is a single-track, two-wheeled motor vehicle. Motorcycle A motorized bicycle is a bicycle with an attached motor used to power the vehicle, or to assist with pedaling. MotorizedBicycle A subclass of Role used to describe roles within organizations. OrganizationRole A medical test performed by a laboratory that typically involves examination of a tissue sample by a pathologist. PathologyTest A PerformanceRole is a Role that some entity places with regard to a theatrical performance, e.g. in a Movie, TVSeries etc. PerformanceRole A photograph. Photograph A doctor's office. Physician A process of care using radiation aimed at improving a health condition. RadiationTherapy A patient-reported or observed dosing schedule for a drug or supplement. ReportedDoseSchedule A Research project. ResearchProject Represents additional information about a relationship or property. For example a Role can be used to say that a 'member' role linking some SportsTeam to a player occurred during a particular time period. Or that a Person's 'actor' role in a Movie was for some particular characterName. Such properties can be attached to a Role entity, which is then associated with the main entities using ordinary properties like 'member' or 'actor'.<br/><br/> See also <a href="http://blog.schema.org/2014/06/introducing-role.html">blog post</a>. Role An indication for treating an underlying condition, symptom, etc. TreatmentIndication A vehicle is a device that is designed or used to transport people or cargo over land, water, air, or through space. Vehicle Vital signs are measures of various physiological functions in order to assess the most basic body functions. VitalSign 2019-03-05T17:25:21Z Western Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1310 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1310 Western Australian Mulga Shrublands Ecoregion 2019-03-05T17:51:32Z https://www.worldwildlife.org/biomes/deserts-and-xeric-shrublands Australasia Ecoregion 2019-03-05T17:52:41Z Southern central Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1309 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1309 Tirari-Sturt Stony Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-05T17:54:35Z Eastern central Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1308 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1308 Simpson Desert Region 2019-03-05T17:56:13Z Western Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1307 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1307 Pilbara Shrublands Ecoregion 2019-03-05T18:10:52Z Western coast of Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1301 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1301 Carnarvon Xeric Shrublands Ecoregion 2019-03-05T18:12:28Z Central Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1302 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1302 Central Ranges Xeric Shrub Ecoregion 2019-03-05T18:15:11Z Western central Australia WWF:AA1303 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1303 Gibson Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-05T18:17:15Z Northwestern Australia WWF:AA1304 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1304 The Great Sandy-Tanami Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-05T18:24:06Z Southern Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1305 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1305 Great Victoria Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-05T18:26:16Z Southern Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1306 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1306 Nullarbor Plains Xeric Shrubland Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:01:41Z https://www.worldwildlife.org/biomes/deserts-and-xeric-shrublands Afrotropical Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:02:37Z Southern Africa: Southern Namibia into South Africa WWF:AT1322 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1322 Succulent Karoo Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:07:38Z WWF:AT1321 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1321 Arabian Peninsula: Yemen and Saudi Arabia Yemen and Saudi Arabia Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:11:38Z WWF:AT1320 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1320 Arabian Peninsula: Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Oman Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Oman Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:13:00Z WWF:AT1319 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1319 Somali montane xeric woodlands ecoregion Somali Montane Xeric Woodland Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:15:07Z Islands east of the Horn of Africa and south of Yemen Ecoregion WWF:AT1318 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1318 Socotran Archipelago Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:18:55Z WWF:AT1317 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1317 Red Sea Coastal Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:20:56Z WWF:AT1316 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1316 Namibian Savanna Woodland Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:24:28Z Africa: Namibia Ecoregion WWF:AT1315 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1315 Namib Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:26:15Z WWF:AT1314 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1314 Nama Karoo Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:28:43Z WWF:AT1313 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1313 Masai Xeric Grasslands and Shrublands Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:30:23Z WWF:AT1312 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1312 Madagascar Succulent Woodlands Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:31:29Z WWF:AT1311 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1311 Madagascar spiny desert ecoregion Madagascar Spiny Thickets Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:39:32Z WWF:AT1310 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1310 Africa: Coastal Namibia and Angola Ecoregion Kaokoveld Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:42:47Z WWF:AT1309 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1309 Kalahari Xeric Savanna Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:44:54Z WWF:AT1308 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1308 Southern Africa: Islands about half-way between southern Madagascar and southern Mozambique Ecoregion Ile Europa and Bassas da India Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:46:58Z Eastern Africa: Somalia WWF:AT1307 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1307 Hobyo Grassland and Shrubland Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:54:57Z WWF:AT1306 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1306 Arabian Peninsula: Oman and United Arab Emirates Ecoregion Oman and United Arab Emirates Ecoregion 2019-03-07T00:08:06Z WWF:AT1305 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1305 Ethiopian Xeric Grasslands and Shrublands Ecoregion 2019-03-07T00:11:29Z WWF:AT1304 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1304 Eritrean Coastal Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-07T00:13:33Z WWF:AT1303 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1303 North central Africa: Eastern Chad and small area of western Sudan East Saharan Montane Xeric Woodland Ecoregion 2019-03-07T00:16:12Z WWF:AT1302 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1302 Western Asia: Oman, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia Ecoregion Oman, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia Ecoregion 2019-03-07T00:18:09Z WWF:AT1301 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1301 Aldabra Island Xeric Scrub Ecoregion 2019-04-26T23:38:50Z Indo-Malay Ecoregion 2019-04-26T23:40:13Z WWF:IM1304 Southern Asia: Western India into Pakistan Thar Desert 2019-04-27T00:12:51Z WWF:IM1303 Southern Asia: Eastern India and western Pakistan Northwestern Thorn Scrub Forests A polar front between the deep, cold Arctic air and the shallower, warmer polar air of northern latitudes on Earth. 2019-08-20T13:47:18Z envoAtmo envoPolar Arctic front A polar front between the deep, cold Arctic air and the shallower, warmer polar air of northern latitudes on Earth. A polar front between the deep, cold Antarctic air and the shallower, warmer polar air of southern latitudes on Earth. 2019-08-20T13:48:44Z envoAtmo envoPolar Antarctic front A polar front between the deep, cold Antarctic air and the shallower, warmer polar air of southern latitudes on Earth. Stellar radiation emitted from Sol. 2020-05-19T22:27:44Z Solar radiation exploratory term exemplar term example to be eventually removed example to be eventually removed failed exploratory term The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job Person:Alan Ruttenberg failed exploratory term metadata complete Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete. metadata complete organizational term Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg organizational term ready for release Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release." ready for release metadata incomplete Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors. metadata incomplete uncurated Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term. uncurated pending final vetting All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor. pending final vetting placeholder removed placeholder removed terms merged An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge. terms merged term imported This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. An editor note should indicate what is the URI of the new term to use. term imported term split This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split and indicate the URIs of the new terms created. term split universal Hard to give a definition for. Intuitively a "natural kind" rather than a collection of any old things, which a class is able to be, formally. At the meta level, universals are defined as positives, are disjoint with their siblings, have single asserted parents. Alan Ruttenberg A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/SQU.pdf universal defined class A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal "definitions", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal. Alan Ruttenberg defined class named class expression A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression. named class expressions are used in order to have more concise logical definition but their extensions may not be interesting classes on their own. In languages such as OWL, with no provisions for macros, these show up as actuall classes. Tools may with to not show them as such, and to replace uses of the macros with their expansions Alan Ruttenberg named class expression to be replaced with external ontology term Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI to be replaced with external ontology term requires discussion A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI requires discussion Transformation-ML Transformation-ML file describing parameter transformations used in a GvHD experiment. Transformation-ML is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the Transformation-ML standard.(http://wiki.ficcs.org/ficcs/Transformation-ML?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=Transformation-ML_v1.0.26.pdf) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://wiki.ficcs.org/ficcs/Transformation-ML?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=Transformation-ML_v1.0.26.pdf Transformation-ML ACS d06.acs, ACS1.0 data file of well D06 of plate 2 of part 1 of a GvHD experiment. ACS is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the Analytical Cytometry Standard. (http://www.isac-net.org/content/view/607/150/) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://www.isac-net.org/content/view/607/150/ ACS XML RDF/XML file, OWL file, Compensation-ML file, WSDL document, SVG document XML is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the W3C Extensible Markup Language Recommendation.(http://www.w3.org/XML/) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://www.w3.org/XML/ XML RDF A FOAF file, a SKOS file, an OWL file. RDF is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the W3C Resource Description Framework RDF/XML Syntax specification.(http://www.w3.org/RDF/) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://www.w3.org/RDF/ RDF zip MagicDraw MDZIP archive, Java JAR file. zip is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the PKWARE .ZIP file format specification (http://www.pkware.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=59&Itemid=103/) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://www.pkware.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=59&Itemid=103/ zip tar Example.tar file. tar is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the tape archive file format as standardized by POSIX.1-1998, POSIX.1-2001, or any other tar format compliant with the GNU tar specification. (http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/ tar FCS d01.fcs, FCS3 data file of well D06 of plate 2 of part 1 of a GvHD experiment. FCS is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the Flow Cytometry Data File Standard.(http://www.fcspress.com/) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://www.fcspress.com/ FCS Compensation-ML compfoo.xml, Compensation-ML file describing compensation used in a GvHD experiment Compensation-ML is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the Compensation-ML standard. (http://wiki.ficcs.org/ficcs/Compensation-ML?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=Compensation-ML_v1.0.24.pdf) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://wiki.ficcs.org/ficcs/Compensation-ML?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=Compensation-ML_v1.0.24.pdf Compensation-ML Gating-ML foogate.xml, Gating-ML file describing gates used in a GvHD experiment. Gating-ML is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the Gating-ML standard. (http://www.flowcyt.org/gating/) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://www.flowcyt.org/gating/ Gating-ML OWL OBI ontology file, Basic Formal Ontology file, BIRNLex file, BioPAX file. OWL is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the W3C Web Ontology Language specification.(http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/ OWL Affymetrix Affymetrix supplied microarray An organization which supplies technology, tools and protocols for use in high throughput applications Affymetrix Thermo Philippe Rocca-Serra Thermo Waters Philippe Rocca-Serra Waters BIO-RAD Philippe Rocca-Serra BIO-RAD GenePattern hierarchical clustering James Malone GenePattern hierarchical clustering Ambion Philippe Rocca-Serra Ambion Helicos Philippe Rocca-Serra Helicos Roche Philippe Rocca-Serra Roche Illumina Philippe Rocca-Serra Illumina GenePattern PCA GenePattern PCA GenePattern module SVM GenePattern module SVM is a GenePattern software module which is used to run a support vector machine data transformation. James Malone Ryan Brinkman GenePattern module SVM GenePattern k-nearest neighbors James Malone GenePattern k-nearest neighbors GenePattern LOOCV GenePattern LOOCV GenePattern k-means clustering James Malone GenePattern k-means clustering Agilent Philippe Rocca-Serra Agilent GenePattern module KMeansClustering GenePattern module KMeansClustering is a GenePattern software module which is used to perform a k Means clustering data transformation. James Malone PERSON: James Malone GenePattern module KMeansClustering GenePattern CART James Malone GenePattern CART GenePattern module CARTXValidation GenePattern module CARTXValidation is a GenePattern software module which uses a CART decision tree induction with a leave one out cross validation data transformations. GenePattern module CARTXValidation Li-Cor Philippe Rocca-Serra Li-Cor Bruker Corporation Philippe Rocca-Serra Bruker Corporation GenePattern module KNNXValidation GenePattern module KNNXValidation is a GenePattern software module which uses a k-nearest neighbours clustering with a leave one out cross validation data transformations. James Malone PERSON: James Malone GenePattern module KNNXValidation GenePattern module PeakMatch GenePattern module PeakMatch GenePattern module KNN GenePattern module KNN is a GenePattern software module which perform a k-nearest neighbors data transformation. James Malone GenePattern module KNN GenePattern module HierarchicalClustering GenePattern module HierarchicalClustering is a GenePattern software module which is used to perform a hierarchical clustering data transformation. James Malone PERSON: James Malone GenePattern module HierarchicalClustering GenePattern SVM James Malone GenePattern SVM Applied Biosystems Philippe Rocca-Serra Applied Biosystems GenePattern module PCA GenePattern module PCA is a GenePattern software module which is used to perform a principal components analysis dimensionality reduction data transformation. James Malone PERSON: James Malone GenePattern module PCA GenePattern peak matching James Malone Ryan Brinkman GenePattern peak matching Bruker Daltonics Philippe Rocca-Serra Bruker Daltonics GenePattern HeatMapViewer data visualization The GenePattern process of generating Heat Maps from clustered data. James Malone GenePattern HeatMapViewer data visualization GenePattern HierarchicalClusteringViewer data visualization The GenePattern process of generating hierarchical clustering visualization from clustered data. James Malone GenePattern HierarchicalClusteringViewer data visualization GenePattern module HeatMapViewer A GenePattern software module which is used to generate a heatmap view of data. James Malone GenePattern module HeatMapViewer GenePattern module HierarchicalClusteringViewer A GenePattern software module which is used to generate a view of data that has been hierarchically clustered. James Malone GenePattern module HierarchicalClusteringViewer Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan WEB:http://www.sysmex.com/@2009/08/06 Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan U.S. Food and Drug Administration FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration right handed right handed ambidexterous ambidexterous left handed left handed Edingburgh handedness inventory The Edinburgh Handedness Inventory is a set of questions used to assess the dominance of a person's right or left hand in everyday activities. PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Jessica Turner PMID:5146491#Oldfield, R.C. (1971). The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia, 9, 97-113 WEB:http://www.cse.yorku.ca/course_archive/2006-07/W/4441/EdinburghInventory.html Edingburgh handedness inventory eBioscience Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.ebioscience.com/@2011/04/11 eBioscience Cytopeia Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.cytopeia.com/@2011/04/11 Cytopeia Exalpha Biological Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.exalpha.com/@2011/04/11 Exalpha Biological Apogee Flow Systems Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.apogeeflow.com/@2011/04/11 Apogee Flow Systems Exbio Antibodies Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.exbio.cz/@2011/04/11 Exbio Antibodies Becton Dickinson (BD Biosciences) Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.bdbiosciences.com/@2011/04/11 Becton Dickinson (BD Biosciences) Dako Cytomation Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.dakousa.com/@2011/04/11 Dako Cytomation Millipore Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.guavatechnologies.com/@2011/04/11 Millipore Antigenix Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.antigenix.com/@2011/04/11 Antigenix Partec Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.partec.de/@2011/04/11 Partec Beckman Coulter Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.beckmancoulter.com/@2011/04/11 Beckman Coulter Advanced Instruments Inc. (AI Companies) Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.aicompanies.com/@2011/04/11 Advanced Instruments Inc. (AI Companies) Miltenyi Biotec Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.miltenyibiotec.com/@2011/04/11 Miltenyi Biotec AES Chemunex Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.aeschemunex.com/@2011/04/11 AES Chemunex Bentley Instruments Karin Breuer WEB:http://bentleyinstruments.com/@2011/04/11 Bentley Instruments Invitrogen Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.invitrogen.com/@2011/04/11 Invitrogen Luminex Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.luminexcorp.com/@2011/04/11 Luminex CytoBuoy Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.cytobuoy.com/@2011/04/11 CytoBuoy Nimblegen An organization that focuses on manufacturing target enrichment probe pools for DNA sequencing. Person: Jie Zheng Nimblegen Pacific Biosciences An organization that supplies tools for studying the synthesis and regulation of DNA, RNA and protein. It developed a powerful technology platform called single molecule real-time (SMRT) technology which enables real-time analysis of biomolecules with single molecule resolution. Person: Jie Zheng Pacific Biosciences NanoString Technologies An organization that supplies life science tools for translational research and molecular diagnostics based on a novel digital molecular barcoding technology. The NanoString platform can provide simple, multiplexed digital profiling of single molecules. NanoString Technologies An autolysis value specification that indicates no apparent autolytic destruction of an organism cells or tissues. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBIB NCI BBRB 0-non autolyis An autolysis value specification that indicates slight autolytic destruction of an organism cells or tissues. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBIB NCI BBRB 1-slight autolysis An autolysis value specification that indicates moderate autolytic destruction of an organism cells or tissues. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBIB NCI BBRB 2-moderate autolysis An autolysis value specification that indicates severe autolytic destruction of an organism cells or tissues. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBIB NCI BBRB 3-severe autolysis Thermo Fisher Scientific An organization that is an American multinational, biotechnology product development company, created in 2006 by the merger of Thermo Electron and Fisher Scientific. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific Thermo Fisher Scientific G1: Well differentiated A histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor cells and the organization of the tumor tissue appear close to normal. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis G1 https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/prognosis/tumor-grade-fact-sheet NCI BBRB G1: Well differentiated G2: Moderately differentiated A histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor cells are moderately differentiated and reflect an intermediate grade. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis G2 https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/prognosis/tumor-grade-fact-sheet NCI BBRB G2: Moderately differentiated G3: Poorly differentiated A histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor cells are poorly differentiated and do not look like normal cells and tissue. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis G3 https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/prognosis/tumor-grade-fact-sheet NCI BBRB G3: Poorly differentiated G4: Undifferentiated A histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor cells are undifferentiated and do not look like normal cells and tissue. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis G4 https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/prognosis/tumor-grade-fact-sheet NCI BBRB G4: Undifferentiated G1 (Fuhrman) A histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System indicating that nuclei are round, uniform, approximately 10um and that nucleoli are inconspicuous or absent. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Grade 1 NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB G1 (Fuhrman) G2 (Fuhrman) A histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System indicating that nuclei are slightly irregular, approximately 15um and nucleoli are evident. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Grade 2 NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB G2 (Fuhrman) G3 (Fuhrman) A histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System indicating that nuclei are very irregular, approximately 20um and nucleoli large and prominent. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Grade 3 NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB G3 (Fuhrman) G4 (Fuhrman) A histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System indicating that nuclei arei bizarre and multilobulated, 20um or greater and nucleoli are prominent and chromatin clumped. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Grade 4 NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB G4 (Fuhrman) Low grade ovarian tumor A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to a two-tier grading system indicating that the tumor is low grade. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Low grade NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB Low grade ovarian tumor High grade ovarian tumor A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to a two-tier grading system indicating that the tumor is high grade. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis High grade NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB High grade ovarian tumor G1 (WHO) A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization indicating that the tumor is well differentiated. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis G1 NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB G1 (WHO) G2 (WHO) A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization indicating that the tumor is moderately differentiated. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis G2 NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB G2 (WHO) G3 (WHO) A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization indicating that the tumor is poorly differentiated. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis G3 NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB G3 (WHO) G4 (WHO) A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization indicating that the tumor is undifferentiated. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis G4 NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB G4 (WHO) pT0 (colon) A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no evidence of primary tumor. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT0 (colon) pTis (colon) A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating carcinoma in situ (intraepithelial or invasion of lamina propria). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/ NCI BBRB pTis (colon) pT1 (colon) A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor invades submucosa. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1 (colon) pT2 (colon) A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor invades muscularis propria. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2 (colon) pT3 (colon) A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor invades subserosa or into non-peritionealized pericolic or perirectal tissues. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3 (colon) pT4a (colon) A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor perforates visceral peritoneum. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT4a (colon) pT4b (colon) A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor directly invades other organs or structures. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT4b (colon) pT0 (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no evidence of primary tumor. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT0 (lung) pTis (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating carcinoma in situ. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pTis (lung) pT1 (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1 (lung) pT1a (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1a (lung) pT1b (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 2 cm but not more than 3 cm in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1b (lung) pT2 (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 3 cm but not more than 7 cm or the tumor has any of the following features: involves main bronchus, 2 cm or more distal to the carina, invades visceral pleura, associated with atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis that extends to the hilar region but does not involve the entire lung. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2 (lung) pT2a (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 3 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2a (lung) pT2b (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 5 cm but not more than 7 cm in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2b (lung) pT3 (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 7 cm or one that directly invades any of: parietal pleura, chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, phrenic nerve, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardiu or the tumor is in the main bronchus less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina or there is associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung or there is separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe as the primary. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3 (lung) pT4 (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina or there is separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe to that of the primary. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT4 (lung) pT0 (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no evidence of primary tumor. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT0 (kidney) pT1 (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is 7 cm or less in greatest dimension and limited to the kidney. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1 (kidney) pT1a (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is 4 cm or less. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1a (kidney) pT1b (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 4 cm but not more than 7 cm. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1b (kidney) pT2 (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 7 cm in greatest dimension and limited to the kidney. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2 (kidney) pT2a (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 7 cm but not more than 10 cm. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2a (kidney) pT2b (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 10 cm and limited to the kidney. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2b (kidney) pT3 (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor extends into major veins or perinephric tissues but not into the ipsilateral adrenal gland and not beyond the Gerota fascia. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3 (kidney) pT3a (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor grossly extends into the renal vein or its segmental (muscle containing) branches, or the tumor invades perirenal and/or renal sinus fat (peripelvic) fat but not beyond Gerota fascia. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3a (kidney) pT3b (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor grossly extends into vena cava below diaphragm. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3b (kidney) pT3c (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor grossly extends into vena cava above the diaphragm or Invades the wall of the vena cava. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3c (kidney) pT4 (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor invades beyond Gerota fascia (including contiguous extension into the ipsilateral adrenal gland). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT4 (kidney) pT0 (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no evidence of primary tumor. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT0 (ovary) pT1 (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is limited to the ovaries (one or both). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1 (ovary) pT1a (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is limited to one ovary; capsule intact, no tumor on ovarian surface and no malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1a (ovary) pT1b (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is limited to both ovaries; capsule intact, no tumor on ovarian surface and no malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1b (ovary) pT1c (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is limited to one or both ovaries with capsule ruptured, tumor on ovarian surface, or malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1c (ovary) pT2 (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor involves one or both ovaries with pelvic extension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2 (ovary) pT2a (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has extension and/or implants on uterus and/or tube(s) and no malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2a (ovary) pT2b (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has extension to other pelvic tissues and no malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2b (ovary) pT2c (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has pelvic extension with malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2c (ovary) pT3 (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor involves one or both ovaries with microscopically confirmed peritoneal metastasis outside the pelvis and/or regional lymph node metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3 (ovary) pT3a (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has microscopic peritoneal metastasis beyond pelvis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3a (ovary) pT3b (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has macroscopic peritoneal, metastatasis beyond pelvis, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3b (ovary) pT3c (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has peritoneal metastasis beyond pelvis, more than 2 cm in greatest dimension and/or regional lymph node metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3c (ovary) pN0 (colon) A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating no regional lymph node metastsis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN0 (colon) pN1 (colon) A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN1 (colon) pN1a (colon) A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 1 regional lymph node. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN1a (colon) pN1b (colon) A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 2-3 regional lymph nodes. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN1b (colon) pN1c (colon) A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating tumor deposit(s), i.e., satellites in the subserosa, or in non-peritonealized pericolic or perirectal soft tissue without regional lymph node metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN1c (colon) pN2 (colon) A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN2 (colon) pN2a (colon) A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 4 to 6 regional lymph nodes. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN2a (colon) pN2b (colon) A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 7 or more regional lymph nodes. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN2b (colon) pN0 (lung) A pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating no regional lymph node metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN0 (lung) pN1 (lung) A pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary nodes, including involvement by direct extension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN1 (lung) pN2 (lung) A pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph node(s). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN2 (lung) pN3 (lung) A pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph node(s). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN3 (lung) pN0 (kidney) A pathologic lymph node stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no regional lymph node metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN0 (kidney) pN1 (kidney) A pathologic lymph node stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is regional lymph node metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN1 (kidney) pN0 (ovary) A pathologic lymph node stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no regional lymph node metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN0 (ovary) pN1 (ovary) A pathologic lymph node stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is regional lymph node metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN1 (ovary) cM0 (colon) A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there are no symptoms or signs of distant metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging#Pathological_M_Categorization_.28cM_and_pM.29 NCI BBRB cM0 (colon) cM1 (colon) A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is clinical evidence of distant metastases by history, physical examination, imaging studies, or invasive procedures, but without microscopic evidence of the presumed distant metastases. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging#Pathological_M_Categorization_.28cM_and_pM.29 NCI BBRB cM1 (colon) cM1a (colon) A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is confined to one organ based on clinical assessment. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM1a (colon) cM1b (colon) A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is in more than one organ or the peritoneum based on clinical assessment. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM1b (colon) pM1 (colon) A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is microscopic evidence confirming distant metastatic disease. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_m/ NCI BBRB pM1 (colon) pM1a (colon) A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is confined to one organ and histologically confirmed. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_m/ NCI BBRB pM1a (colon) pM1b (colon) A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is in more than one organ or the peritoneum and histologically confirmed. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_m/ NCI BBRB pM1b (colon) cM0 (lung) A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no distant metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM0 (lung) cM1 (lung) A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there are distant metastases based on clinical assessment. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM1 (lung) cM1a (lung) A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is based on clinical assessment and a separate tumor nodule(s) in a contralateral lobe; tumor with pleural nodules OR malignant pleural or pericardial effusion. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM1a (lung) cM1b (lung) A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is a distant metastases based on clinical assessment. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM1b (lung) pM1 (lung) A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is a distant metastases that is histologically confirmed. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/ NCI BBRB pM1 (lung) pM1a (lung) A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is histologically confirmed and a separate tumor nodule(s) in a contralateral lobe; tumor with pleural nodules OR malignant pleural or pericardial effusion. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/ NCI BBRB pM1a (lung) pM1b (lung) A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is a distant metastases that is histologically confirmed and associated with distant lymph nodes or carcinomatosis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/ NCI BBRB pM1b (lung) cM0 (kidney) A pathologic distant metastases stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no distant metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM0 (kidney) cM1 (kidney) A pathologic distant metastases stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there are distant metastases based on clinical assessment. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM1 (kidney) pM1 (kidney) A pathologic distant metastases stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is a distant metastases that is histologically confirmed. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_m/ NCI BBRB pM1 (kidney) cM0 (ovary) A pathologic distant metastases stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no distant metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM0 (ovary) cM1 (ovary) A pathologic distant metastases stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is distant metastasis except peritoneal metastasis based on clinical assessment. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM1 (ovary) pM1 (ovary) A pathologic distant metastases stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is distant metastasis except peritoneal metastasis that is histologically confirmed. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_m/ NCI BBRB pM1 (ovary) Occult Carcinoma (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating a small carcinoma, either asymptomatic or giving rise to metastases without symptoms due to the primary carcinoma. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Occult Carcinoma http://www.medilexicon.com/dictionary/14371 NCI BBRB Occult Carcinoma (AJCC 7th) Stage 0 (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating a carcinoma in situ (or melanoma in situ for melanoma of the skin or germ cell neoplasia in situ for testicular germ cell tumors) and generally is considered to have no metastatic potential. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage 0 (AJCC 7th) Stage I (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers that are smaller or less deeply invasive without regional disease or nodes. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage I (AJCC 7th) Stage IIA (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent but less than in Stage III and with differing characteristics from IIB and IIC. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIA (AJCC 7th) Stage IIB (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent but less than in Stage III and with differing characteristics from IIA and IIC. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIB (AJCC 7th) Stage IIC (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent but less than in Stage III and with differing characteristics from IIA and IIB. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIC (AJCC 7th) Stage IIIA (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent greater than in Stage II and with differing characteristics from IIIB and IIIC. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIIA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIIA (AJCC 7th) Stage IIIB (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent greater than in Stage II and with differing characteristics from IIIA and IIIC. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIIB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIIB (AJCC 7th) Stage IIIC (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent greater than in Stage II and with differing characteristics from IIIA and IIIB. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIIC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIIC (AJCC 7th) Stage IVA (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers in patients who present with distant metastases at diagnosis and with differing characteristics from IVB. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IVA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IVA (AJCC 7th) Stage IVB (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers in patients who present with distant metastases at diagnosis and with differing characteristics from IVA. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IVB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IVB (AJCC 7th) Stage IA (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating invasive carcinoma which can be diagnosed only by microscopy, with deepest invasion <5 mm and the largest extension <7 mm. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IA (FIGO) Stage IA1 (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating measured stromal invasion of <3.0 mm in depth and extension of <7.0 mm. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IA1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IA1 (FIGO) Stage IA2 (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating measured stromal invasion of >3.0 mm and not >5.0 mm with an extension of not >7.0 mm. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IA2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IA2 (FIGO) Stage IB (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating clinically visible lesions limited to the cervix uteri or pre-clinical cancers greater than stage IA Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IB (FIGO) Stage IB1 (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating clinically visible lesion limited to the cervix uteri or pre-clinical cancers greater than stage IA <4.0 cm in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IB1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IB1 (FIGO) Stage IB2 (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating clinically visible lesion limited to the cervix uteri or pre-clinical cancers greater than stage IA >4.0 cm in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IB2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IB2 (FIGO) Stage IIA (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina without parametrial invasion. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIA (FIGO) Stage IIA1 (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina without parametrial invasion and clinically visible lesion <4.0 cm in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIA1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIA1 (FIGO) Stage IIA2 (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina without parametrial invasion and clinically visible lesion >4.0 cm in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIA2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIA2 (FIGO) Stage IIB (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina with obvious parametrial invasion. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIB (FIGO) Stage IIIA (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating tumour involves lower third of the vagina, with no extension to the pelvic wall. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIIA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIIA (FIGO) Stage IIIB (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating extension to the pelvic wall and/or hydronephrosis or non-functioning kidney. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIIB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIIB (FIGO) Stage IVA (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating spread of the growth to adjacent organs. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IVA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IVA (FIGO) Stage IVB (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating spread to distant organs. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IVB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IVB (FIGO) Stage 1 (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T1, N0, and M0. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 1 https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 1 (FIGO) Stage 1A (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T1a, N0, and M0. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 1A https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 1A (FIGO) Stage 1B (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T1b, N0, and M0. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 1B https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 1B (FIGO) Stage 1C (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T1c, N0, and M0. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 1C https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 1C (FIGO) Stage 2 (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T2, N0, and M0. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 2 https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 2 (FIGO) Stage 2A (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T2a, N0, and M0. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 2A https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 2A (FIGO) Stage 2B (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T2b, N0, and M0. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 2B https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 2B (FIGO) Stage 2C (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T2c, N0, and M0. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 2C https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 2C (FIGO) Stage 3 (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of (T3, N0, and M0) or (T3,3a,3b, NX, and M0). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 3 https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 3 (FIGO) Stage 3A (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T3a, N0, and M0 . Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 3A https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 3A (FIGO) Stage 3B (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T3b, N0, and M0 . Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 3B https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 3B (FIGO) Stage 3C (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of (T3c, N0,X and M0) or (any T, N1 and M0). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 3C https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 3C (FIGO) Stage 4 (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of any T, any N, and M1. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 4 https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 4 (FIGO) Stage Unknown (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of (T0, N0, and M0) or (T1,1a-1c,2,2a-2c, NX, and M0) or (TX, N0,X, M0). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage Unknown https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage Unknown (FIGO) 3: symptomatic in bed more than 50% of the day but not bed ridden An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification indicating a patient is symptomatic and in bed for more than 50% of the day but is not bed ridden. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB 3: symptomatic in bed more than 50% of the day but not bed ridden 2: symptomatic but in bed less than 50% of the day An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification indicating a patient is symptomatic but is in bed for less than 50% of the day. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB 2: symptomatic but in bed less than 50% of the day 4: bed ridden An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification indicating a patient is symptomatic and is bed ridden. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB 4: bed ridden 0: asymptomatic An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification indicating a patient is asymptomatic. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB 0: asymptomatic 1: symptomatic but fully ambulatory An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification indicating a patient is symptomatic but is fully ambulatory. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB 1: symptomatic but fully ambulatory 100: asymptomatic A Karnofsky score vaue specification indicating that a patient is asymptomatic. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB 100: asymptomatic 80-90: symptomatic but fully ambulatory A Karnofsky score vaue specification indicating that a patient is symptomatic but fully ambulatory. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB 80-90: symptomatic but fully ambulatory 60-70: symptomatic but in bed less than 50% of the day A Karnofsky score vaue specification indicating that a patient is symptomatic but in bed less than 50% of the day. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB 60-70: symptomatic but in bed less than 50% of the day 40-50: symptomatic, in bed more than 50% of the day, but not bed ridden A Karnofsky score vaue specification indicating that a patient is symptomatic, in bed more than 50% of the day, but not bed ridden. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB 40-50: symptomatic, in bed more than 50% of the day, but not bed ridden Oxford Nanopore Technologies An organization that is developing and selling nanopore sequencing products and is based in the UK. James A. Overton https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_Nanopore_Technologies Oxford Nanopore Technologies BioGents An organization that manufactures mosquito traps and other mosquito control products. John Judkins WEB:https://eu.biogents.com/about-biogents/ BioGents The term was added to the ontology on the assumption it was in scope, but it turned out later that it was not. This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. Typical valid examples are: un-necessary grouping classes in disease ontologies, a phenotype term added on the assumption it was a disease. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/77 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 out of scope milligram per milliliter A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in milligrams divided by the volume in milliliters. mg per ml mg/ml milligram per milliliter 2000-07-11 A collection is an aggregation of items. The term collection means that the resource is described as a group; its parts may be separately described and navigated. Collection 2000-07-11 A dataset is information encoded in a defined structure (for example, lists, tables, and databases), intended to be useful for direct machine processing. Dataset 2000-07-11 An event is a non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, responsible agents, and links to related events and resources. The resource of type event may not be retrievable if the described instantiation has expired or is yet to occur. Examples - exhibition, web-cast, conference, workshop, open-day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea-party, conflagration. Event 2000-07-11 An image is a primarily symbolic visual representation other than text. For example - images and photographs of physical objects, paintings, prints, drawings, other images and graphics, animations and moving pictures, film, diagrams, maps, musical notation. Note that image may include both electronic and physical representations. Image 2000-07-11 An interactive resource is a resource which requires interaction from the user to be understood, executed, or experienced. For example - forms on web pages, applets, multimedia learning objects, chat services, virtual reality. Interactive Resource 2002-07-13 An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. For example -- a computer, the great pyramid, a sculpture. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these things should use Image, Text or one of the other types. Physical Object 2000-07-11 Software is a computer program in source or compiled form which may be available for installation non-transiently on another machine. For software which exists only to create an interactive environment, use interactive instead. Software 2000-07-11 A sound is a resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio. For example - a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Sound 2000-07-11 A text is a resource whose content is primarily words for reading. For example - books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The DCMI Box identifies a region of space using its geographic limits. DCMI Box 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Dewey Decimal Classification DDC 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The Internet media type of the resource. IMT 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 ISO 3166 Codes for the representation of names of countries ISO 3166 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 ISO 639-2: Codes for the representation of names of languages. ISO 639-2 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Library of Congress Classification LCC 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Library of Congress Subject Headings LCSH 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Medical Subject Headings MeSH 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 A specification of the limits of a time interval. DCMI Period 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The DCMI Point identifies a point in space using its geographic coordinates. DCMI Point 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Internet RFC 1766 'Tags for the identification of Language' specifies a two letter code taken from ISO 639, followed optionally by a two letter country code taken from ISO 3166. RFC 1766 2002-07-13 Internet RFC 3066 'Tags for the Identification of Languages' specifies a primary subtag which is a two-letter code taken from ISO 639 part 1 or a three-letter code taken from ISO 639 part 2, followed optionally by a two-letter country code taken from ISO 3166. When a language in ISO 639 has both a two-letter and three-letter code, use the two-letter code; when it has only a three-letter code, use the three-letter code. This RFC replaces RFC 1766. RFC 3066 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 The Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names TGN 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 Universal Decimal Classification UDC 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 A URI Uniform Resource Identifier URI 2000-07-11 2002-06-15 W3C Encoding rules for dates and times - a profile based on ISO 8601 W3C-DTF third planet from the Sun in the Solar System Earth third planet from the Sun in the Solar System https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2 Sun Sol Earth's interconnected water system World Ocean Earth's interconnected water system https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q715269 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/unspecified Science Data Discovery Ontology None .sam Sequence Alignment/Map format Wiggle format .maf A specification of the genetic state of an organism, whether complete (defined over the whole genome) or incomplete (defined over a subset of the genome). Genotypes typically describe this genetic state as a diff between some variant component and a canonical reference. As information artifacts, genotypes specify the state of a genome be defining a diff between some canonical reference and a variant or alternate sequence that replaces the corresponding portion of the reference. We can consider a genotype then as a collection of these reference and variant features, along with some rule for operating on them and resolve a final single sequence. This is valid ontologically because we commit only to sequence features being GDCs - which allows for their concretization in either biological or informational patterns. Accordingly, a particular gene allele, such as shh<tbx292>, can be part of a genome in a biological sense and part of a genotype in an informational sense. This idea underpins the 'genotype partonomy' at the core of the GENO model that decomposes a complete genotype into its more fundamental parts, including alleles and allele complements, as described in the comment above. Core definition above adapted from the GA4GH VMC data model definition here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/12E8WbQlvfZWk5NrxwLytmympPby6vsv60RxCeD5wc1E/edit#heading=h.4e32jj4jtmsl (retrieved 2018-04-09). Note however that the VMC genotype concept likely is not intended to cover 'effective' and 'extrinsic' genotype concepts defined in GENO. 1. Scope of 'Genetic State': 'Genetic state' is considered quite broadly in GENO to describe two general kinds of 'states'. First, is traditional notion of 'allelic state' - defined as the complement of alleles present at a particular location or locations in a genome (i.e. across all homologous chromosomes containing this location). Here, a genotype can describe allelic state at a specific locus in a genome (an 'allelic genotype'), or describe the allelic state across the entire genome ('genomic genotype'). Second, this concept can also describe states of genomic features 'extrinsic' to their intrinsic sequence, such as the expression status of a gene as a result of being specifically targeted by experimental interventions such as RNAi, morpholinos, or CRISPRs. 2. Genotype Subtypes: In GENO, we use the term 'intrinsic' for genotypes describing variation in genomic sequence, and 'extrinsic' for genotypes describing variation in gene expression (e.g. resulting from the targeted experimental knock-down or over-expression of endogenous genes). We use the term 'effective genotype' to describe the total intrinsic and extrinsic variation in a cell or organism at the time a phenotypic assessment is performed. Two more precise conccepts are subsumed by the notion of an 'intrinsic genotype': (1) 'allelic genotypes', which specify allelic state at a single genomic location; and (2) 'genomic genotypes', which specify allelic state across an entire genome. In both cases, allelic state is typically specified in terms of a differential between a reference and a set of 1 or more known variant features. 3. The Genotype Partonomy: 'Genomic genotypes' describing sequence variation across an entire genome are 'decomposed' in GENO into a partonomy of more granular levels of variation. These levels are defined to be meaningful to biologists in their attempts to relate genetic variation to phenotypic features. They include 'genomic variation complement' (GVC), 'variant single locus complement' (VSLC), 'allele', 'haplotype', 'sequence alteration', and 'genomic background' classes. For example, the components of the zebrafish genotype "fgf8a<ti282a/ti282a>; fgf3<t24149/+>[AB]", described at zfin.org/ZDB-FISH-150901-9362, include the following elements: - GVC: fgf8a<ti282a/ti282a>; fgf3<t24149/+> (total intrinsic variation in the genome) - Genomic Background: AB (the reference against which the GVC is variant) - VSLC1: fgf8a<ti282a/ti282a> (homozygous complement of gene alleles at one known variant locus) - VSLC2: fgf3<t24149/+> (heterozygous complement of gene alleles at another known variant locus) - Allele 1: fgf8a<ti282a> (variant version of the fgf8a gene, present in two copies) - Allele 2: fgf3<t24149> (variant version of the fgf3 gene, present in one copy) - Allele 3: fgf3<+> (wild-type version of the fgf3 gene, present in one copy) - Sequence Alteration1: <ti282a> (the specific mutation within the fgf8a gene that makes it variant) - Sequence Alteration2: <t24149> (the specific mutation within the fgf3 gene that makes it variant) A graphical representation of this decomposition that maps each element to a visual depiction of the portion of a genome it denotes can be found here: https://github.com/monarch-initiative/GENO-ontology/blob/develop/README.md One reason that explicit representation of these levels is important is because it is at these levels that phenotypic features are annotated to genetic variations in different clinical and model organism databases For example, ZFIN typically annotates phenotypes to effective genotypes, MGI to intrinsic genotypes, Wormbase to variant alleles, and ClinVar to haplotypes and sequence alterations. The ability to decompose a genotype into representations at these levels allows us to "propagate phenotypes" up or down the partonomy (e.g. infer associations of phenotypes annotated to a genotype to its more granular levels of variation and the gene(s) affected). This helps to supporting integrated analysis of G2P data. genotype has_genotype NSRL GCRSim The samples were irradiated using the NSRL Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation. The NSRL Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation is comprised of seven different species of ion, and fourteen different energies of H and He for 33 separate beams in a single GCRSim exposure. (https://www.bnl.gov/nsrl/userguide/GCRSim.php) NSRL GCRSim NSRL Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation NSRL The experiment was conducted at the NSRL A particle accelerator beamline located at Brookhaven National Laboratory Jack Miller NSRL NASA Space Radiation Laboratory HIMAC The experiment was carried out at HIMAC A particle accelerator at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences in Chiba, Japan HIMAC; NIRS-HIMAC Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator at Chiba ISS The experiment was conducted aboard the International Space Station An instance of an Earth-orbiting space station that went operational in the year 2000. Jack Miller term editor ISS International Space Station The experiment was conducted on the Mir space station An instance of an Earth-orbiting space station, operational from1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet Union and later by Russia. Wikipedia Mir The biological payload was carried into orbit by the Space Shuttle An instance of a reusable spacecraft designed to carry passengers and equipment into low Earth orbit and return to Earth. Operated by the United States and operational from 1981 to 2011. Wikipedia Space Shuttle The experiment was conducted aboard the Bion-MI satellite. An instance of a Russian-operated Earth satellite carrying biological samples. Launched April 19, 2013 and returned to Earth May 19, 2013 Jack Miller Wikipedia Bion-M1 The samples were flown on the Foton-M4 satellite An instance of a Russian-operated Earth satellite carrying biological samples. Launched July 19, 2014 and returned to Earth September 1, 2014 Wikipedia Foton-M4 The experiment was conducted on the Shenzhou-8 space station An instance of a Chinese-operated Earth satellite carrying biological samples. Launched October 31, 2011 and returned to Earth November 17, 2011. Wikipedia Shenzhou-8 US Lab The experiment was conducted in the US Laboratory on the ISS An instance of a module on the International Space Station, operated by the United States Wikipedia Destiny|US Lab ISS-US Laboratory JEM The experiment was conducted on the Japanese Experiment Module A Japanese science module for the International Space Station developed by JAXA. It is the largest single ISS module, and is attached to the Harmony module. The first two pieces of the module were launched on Space Shuttle missions STS-123 and STS-124. Wikipedia JEM|Kibo ISS-Japanese Experiment Module Columbus The experiment was conducted on the Columbus module on the ISS An instance of a module on the International Space Station, operated by the European Space Agency. Wikipedia Columbus laboratory ISS-Columbus Zvezda The experiment was conducted in the Zvezda module of the ISS. An instance of a module on the International Space Station, operated by the Russian Space Agency. Wikipedia Russian Service Module ISS-Zvezda The experiment was carried out at the SIS-18 accelerator. An particle accelerator located at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germay. SIS18 NSRL SPESim The samples were irradiated using the NSRL Solar Particle Event Simulation. The NSRL SPE simulatoris based on the fluence of the August 1972 event, with an energy spectrum similar to the March 1989 event. The majority of the protons are at very low energies, below 1 MeV, and pose little to no risk to astronauts in a space craft or space suit. The SPESim begins with 50 MeV protons, which amounts to 91.66% of the total dose. Then the beam energy increments in steps of 10 MeV up to 150 MeV where 0.14% of the total dose is delivered. NSRL SPESim NSRL Solar Particle Event Simulation NSRL SimGCRSim The samples were irradiated using the NSRL Simplified Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation. The NSRL Simplified Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation uses 6 beams and 5 different ions including protons at two different energies. https://www.bnl.gov/nsrl/userguide/SimGCRSim.php NSRL SimGCRSim NSRL Simplified Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulation KUR-HWNIF The samples were irradiated with thermal neutrons at the KUR-HWNIF A heavy water tank of approximately 2 m3 adjacent to the core of the Kyoto University Research Reactor (KUR), a light-water moderated tank-type reactor. KUR-HWNIF Kyoto University Research Reactor-Heavy Water Neutron Irradiation Facility HIRRAC The samples were irradiated with fast neutrons at the HIRRAC. A neutron generator at the Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University (RIRBM). Monoenergetic neutrons of which energy is less than 1.3 MeV are generated by the 7Li(p,n)7 Be reaction at proton energies up to 3 MeV. HIRRAC Hiroshima University Radiobiological Research Accelerator BNL GRSF The Gamma Radiation Facility known as GRSF houses a cesium-137 gamma ray source which can provide gamma rays at a variety of dose rates. The gamma source is an industry standar dJ.L. Shepherd Mark I Model 68A 137Cs ? Irradiator. The photon energy from the source is 662 keV, with a Lineal Energy Transfer (LET) in water of approximately 0.8 keV/um. (https://www.bnl.gov/nsrl/grsf/) Jack Miller BNL GRSF Brookhaven National Laboratory Gamma Radiation Source Facility http://www.theratronics.ca/PDFs/GC40_BTMB_8008GC40E_2_v112013_webSECURE.pdf Gammacell 40 https://www.crr.columbia.edu/services/ion-beam-and-neutron-core-facility RARAF 5.5 MV microbeam https://www.nasa.gov/feature/ames/nasa-small-business-partnership-prepares-drone-for-30-day-science-flights Swift HALE https://www.nasa.gov/centers/armstrong/aircraft/ER-2/index.html ER-2 https://airbornescience.nasa.gov/aircraft/WB-57_-_JSC WB-57 doi: 10.2349/biij.2.1.e1 Faxitron CP160 https://precisionxray.com/x-rad/xrad-320/ X-Rad320 meter A length unit which is equal to the length of the path traveled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second. m m metre "A length unit which is equal to the length of the path traveled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST] meter kilogram A mass unit which is equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram kept by the BIPM at Svres, France. kg kg "A mass unit which is equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram kept by the BIPM at Svres, France." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST] kilogram second A time unit which is equal to the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom. s sec s "A time unit which is equal to the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST] second A "An electric current unit which is equal to the constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1 m apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2 x 10^[-7] newton per meter of length." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST] ampere K "A thermodynamic temperature unit which is equal to the fraction 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST] kelvin mol "A substance unit which is equal to the amount of substance of a molecular system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon 12." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST] mole cd "A luminous intensity unit which equal to the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 x 1012 hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian." [BIPM:BIPM, NIST:NIST] candela centimeter A length unit which is equal to one hundredth of a meter or 10^[-2] m. cm centimetre cm "A length unit which is equal to one hundredth of a meter or 10^[-2] m." [NIST:NIST] centimeter millimeter A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of a meter or 10^[-3] m. mm millimetre mm "A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of a meter or 10^[-3] m." [NIST:NIST] millimeter micrometer A length unit which is equal to one millionth of a meter or 10^[-6] m. um micrometre micron um "A length unit which is equal to one millionth of a meter or 10^[-6] m." [NIST:NIST] micrometer nanometer A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a meter or 10^[-9] m. nm nanometre nm "A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a meter or 10^[-9] m." [NIST:NIST] nanometer angstrom A length unit which is equal to 10 [-10] m. Å "A length unit which is equal to 10 [-10] m." [NIST:NIST] angstrom picometre pm "A length unit which is equal to 10^[-12] m." [NIST:NIST] picometer gram A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of a kilogram or 10^[-3] kg. g g "A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of a kilogram or 10^[-3] kg." [NIST:NIST] gram milligram A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of a gram or 10^[-3] g. mg mg "A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of a gram or 10^[-3] g." [UOC:GVG] milligram microgram A mass unit which is equal to one millionth of a gram or 10^[-6] g. ug ug "A mass unit which is equal to one millionth of a gram or 10^[-6] g." [UOC:GVG] microgram nanogram A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a gram or 10^[-9] g. ng ng "A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a gram or 10^[-9] g." [UOC:GVG] nanogram picogram A mass unit which is equal to 10^[-12] g. pg pg "A mass unit which is equal to 10^[-12] g." [UOC:GVG] picogram fg "A mass unit which is equal to 10^[-15] g." [NIST:NIST] femtogram degree Celsius A temperature unit which is equal to one kelvin degree. However, they have their zeros at different points. The centigrade scale has its zero at 273.15 K. C degree C C "A temperature unit which is equal to one kelvin degree. However, they have their zeros at different points. The centigrade scale has its zero at 273.15 K." [NIST:NIST] degree Celsius ms "A time unit which is equal to one thousandth of a second or 10^[-3] s." [NIST:NIST] millisecond us "A time unit which is equal to one millionth of a second or 10^[-6] s." [NIST:NIST] microsecond ps "A time unit which is equal to 10^[-12] s." [NIST:NIST] picosecond minute A time unit which is equal to 60 seconds. min min "A time unit which is equal to 60 seconds." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] minute hour A time unit which is equal to 3600 seconds or 60 minutes. h hr h "A time unit which is equal to 3600 seconds or 60 minutes." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] hour day A time unit which is equal to 24 hours. "A time unit which is equal to 24 hours." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] day week A time unit which is equal to 7 days. "A time unit which is equal to 7 days." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] week month A time unit which is approximately equal to the length of time of one of cycle of the moon's phases which in science is taken to be equal to 30 days. "A time unit which is approximately equal to the length of time of one of cycle of the moon's phases which in science is taken to be equal to 30 days." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] month year A time unit which is equal to 12 months which is science is taken to be equal to 365.25 days. "A time unit which is equal to 12 months which in science is taken to be equal to 365.25 days." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] year mA "An electric current unit current which is equal to one thousandth of an ampere or 10^[-3] A." [UOC:GVG] milliampere uA "An electric current unit current which is equal to one millionth of an ampere or 10^[-6] A." [UOC:GVG] microampere micromole A substance unit equal to a millionth of a mol or 10^[-6] mol. umol umol "A substance unit equal to a millionth of a mol or 10^[-6] mol." [NIST:NIST] micromole mmol "A substance unit equal to a thousandth of a mol or 10^[-3] mol." [NIST:NIST] millimole nanomole A substance unit equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a mole or 10^[-9] mol. nmol nmol "A substance unit equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a mole or 10^[-9] mol." [NIST:NIST] nanomole picomole A substance unit equal to 10^[-12] mol. pmol pmol "A substance unit equal to 10^[-12] mol." [NIST:NIST] picomole fmol "A substance unit equal to 10^[-15] mol." [NIST:NIST] femtomole amol "A substance unit equal to 10^[-18] mol." [NIST:NIST] attomole molar A unit of concentration which expresses a concentration of 1 mole of solute per liter of solution (mol/L). M M "A unit of concentration which expresses a concentration of 1 mole of solute per liter of solution (mol/L)." [UOC:GVG] molar millimolar A unit of molarity which is equal to one thousandth of a molar or 10^[-3] M. mM mM "A unit of molarity which is equal to one thousandth of a molar or 10^[-3] M." [UOC:GVG] millimolar micromolar A unit of molarity which is equal to one millionth of a molar or 10^[-6] M. uM uM "A unit of molarity which is equal to one millionth of a molar or 10^[-6] M." [UOC:GVG] micromolar nanomolar A unit of molarity which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a molar or 10^[-9] M. nM nM "A unit of molarity which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a molar or 10^[-9] M." [UOC:GVG] nanomolar picomolar A unit of molarity which is equal to 10^[-12] M. pM pM "A unit of molarity which is equal to 10^[-12] M." [UOC:GVG] picomolar m "A unit of concentration which expresses a concentration of a solution of 1 mole per kilogram of solvent (mol/kg)." [UOC:GVG] molal mm "A molality unit which is equal to one thousandth of a molal or 10^[-3] m." [UOC:GVG] millimolal um "A molality unit which is equal to one millionth of a molal or 10^[-6] m." [UOC:GVG] micromolal nm "A molality unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a molal or 10^[-9] m." [UOC:GVG] nanomolal pm "A molality unit which is equal to 10^[-12] m." [UOC:GVG] picomolal fM "A unit of molarity which is equal to 10^[-15] M." [UOC:GVG] femtomolar N "A unit of concentration which is one gram equivalent of a solute per liter of solution. A gram equivalent weight or equivalent is a measure of the reactive capacity of a given molecule." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] normal (x) chi "A concentration unit which denotes the number of moles of solute as a proportion of the total number of moles in a solution." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] mole fraction m/s^[2] metre per second per second "An acceleration unit which is equal to the acceleration an object changing its velocity by 1meter/s over a time period that equals one second." [NIST:NIST] meter per second per second alpha rad/s^[2] "An angular unit acceleration which is equal to the angular acceleration of an object changing its angular velocity by 1rad/s over a time period that equals one second." [NIST:NIST] radian per second per second rad/s "An angular unit velocity which is equal to about 9.54930 rpm (revolutions per minute)." [NIST:NIST] radian per second m^[2] square metre "An area unit which is equal to an area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 meter long." [NIST:NIST] square meter cm^[2] square centimetre "An area unit which is equal to one ten thousandth of a square meter or 10^[-4] m^[2]." [NIST:NIST] square centimeter mm^[2] square millimetre "An area unit which is equal to one millionth of a square meter or 10^[-6] m^[2]." [NIST:NIST] square millimeter kg/m^[3] kilogram per cubic metre "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in kilograms divided by the volume in cubic meters." [UOC:GVG] kilogram per cubic meter g/cm^[3] gram per cubic centimetre "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in cubic centimeters." [UOC:GVG] gram per cubic centimeter candela per square metre cd/m^[2] "A luminance unit which is equal to a luminous intensity of one candela radiating from a surface whose area is one square meter." [NIST:NIST] candela per square meter kg/m^[2] kilogram per square metre "An area density unit which is equal to the mass of an object in kilograms divided by the surface area in meters squared." [NIST:NIST] kilogram per square meter kg/mol "A molar mass unit which is equal to one kilogram of mass of one mole of chemical element or chemical compound." [NIST:NIST] kilogram per mole g/mol "A molar mass unit which is equal to one gram of mass of one mole of chemical element or chemical compound." [NIST:NIST] gram per mole cubic metre per mole m^[3]/mol "A molar volume unit which is equal to 1 cubic meter occupied by one mole of a substance in the form of a solid, liquid, or gas." [NIST:NIST] cubic meter per mole cm^[3]/mol cubic centimetre per mole "A molar volume unit which is equal to 1 cubic centimeter occupied by one mole of a substance in the form of a solid, liquid, or gas." [NIST:NIST] cubic centimeter per mole kg.m/s kilogram metre per second "A momentum unit which is equal to the momentum of a one kilogram mass object with a speed of one meter per second." [NIST:NIST] kilogram meter per second 1/s one turn per second "A rotational frequency unit which is equal to the number complete turn in a period of time that equals to 1 second." [NIST:NIST] turns per second cubic metre per kilogram m^[3]/kg "A specific volume unit which is equal to one cubic meter volume occupied by one kilogram of a particular substance." [NIST:NIST] cubic meter per kilogram m/s metre per second "A speed/velocity unit which is equal to the speed of an object traveling 1 meter distance in one second." [NIST:NIST] meter per second cubic metre m^[3] "A volume unit which is equal to the volume of a cube with edges one meter in length. One cubic meter equals to 1000 liters." [NIST:NIST] cubic meter cubic centimeter A volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a cubic meter or 10^[-9] m^[3], or to 1 ml. cc cc cm^3 cubic centimetre "A volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a cubic meter or 10^[-9] m^[3], or to 1 ml." [NIST:NIST] cubic centimeter milliliter A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a liter or 10^[-3] L, or to 1 cubic centimeter. ml millilitre ml "A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a liter or 10^[-3] L, or to 1 cubic centimeter." [NIST:NIST] milliliter liter A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a cubic meter or 10^[-3] m^[3], or to 1 decimeter. L L l litre "A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a cubic meter or 10^[-3] m^[3], or to 1 decimeter." [NIST:NIST] liter cubic decimeter A volume unit which is equal to one thousand of a cubic meter or 10^[-3] m^[3], or to 1 L. cubic decimetre dm^[3] "A volume unit which is equal to one thousand of a cubic meter or 10^[-3] m^[3], or to 1 L." [NIST:NIST] cubic decimeter microliter A volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter or 10^[-6] L. ul microlitre ul "A volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter or 10^[-6] L." [NIST:NIST] microliter nanoliter A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a liter or 10^[-9] L. nl nanolitre nl "A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a liter or 10^[-9] L." [NIST:NIST] nanoliter picoliter A volume unit which is equal to 10^[-12] L. pl picolitre pl "A volume unit which is equal to 10^[-12] L." [NIST:NIST] picoliter femtolitre fl "A volume unit which is equal to 10^[-15] L." [NIST:NIST] femtoliter hertz A frequency unit which is equal to 1 complete cycle of a recurring phenomenon in 1 second. Hz s^1 "A frequency unit which is equal to 1 complete cycle of a recurring phenomenon in 1 second." [NIST:NIST] hertz N "A force unit which is equal to the force required to cause an acceleration of 1m/s2 of a mass of 1 Kg in the direction of the force." [NIST:NIST] newton Pa "A pressure unit which is equal to the pressure or stress on a surface caused by a force of 1 newton spread over a surface of 1 m^[2]." [NIST:NIST] pascal J "An energy unit which is equal to the energy required when a force of 1 newton moves an object 1 meter in the direction of the force." [NIST:NIST] joule W "A power unit which is equal to the power used when work is done at the rate of 1 joule per second." [NIST:NIST] watt lx "An illuminance unit which is equal to the illuminance produced by 1 lumen evenly spread over an area 1 m^[2]." [NIST:NIST] lux lm "A luminous flux unit which is equal to the luminous flux emitted into 1 steradian by a point source of 1 candela." [NIST:NIST] lumen kat "A catalytic unit activity which is equal to the activity of a catalyst in moles per second, such as the amount of an enzyme needed to transform one mole of substrate per second." [NIST:NIST] katal rad "A plane angle unit which is equal to the angle subtended at the center of a circle by an arc equal in length to the radius of the circle, approximately 57 degrees 17 minutes and 44.6 seconds." [NIST:NIST] radian sr "A solid angle unit which is equal to the solid angle subtended at the center of a sphere by an area on the surface of the sphere that is equal to the radius squared." [NIST:NIST] steradian Bq "An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second or there is one atom disintegration per second (dps)." [NIST:NIST] becquerel Ci "An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which there are 3.7 x 10^[10] atom disintegration per second (dps)." [ORCBS:ORCBS] curie Gy "An absorbed dose unit which is equal to the absorption of one joule of radiation energy by one kilogram of matter." [NIST:NIST] gray "An absorbed dose unit which is equal to 0.01 gray (Gy)." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] rad R "An exposure unit which is equal to the amount of radiation required to liberate positive and negative charges of one electrostatic unit of charge in 1 cm^[3] of air at standard temperature and pressure (STP). This corresponds to the generation of approximately 2.0810^[9] ion pairs." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] roentgen Sv "A dose equivalent unit which is equal to the absorption of one joule of radiation energy by one kilogram of matter." [NIST:NIST] sievert mSv "A dose equivalent unit which is equal to one thousandth of a sievert or 10^[-3] Sv." [NIST:NIST] millisievert uSv "A dose equivalent unit which is equal to one millionth of a sievert or 10^[-6] Sv." [NIST:NIST] microsievert rem "A dose equivalent unit which when multiplied by hundred is equal to one sievert or 1 Sv. 1 Sv is equal to 100 rem." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] Roentgen equivalent man uGy "An absorbed dose unit which is equal to one millionth of a gray or 10^[-6] Gy." [NIST:NIST] microgray mGy "An absorbed dose unit which is equal to one thousandth of a gray or 10^[-3] Gy." [NIST:NIST] milligray nGy "An absorbed dose unit which is equal to one thousandth of a millionth of a gray or 10^[-9] Gy." [NIST:NIST] nanogray nSv "A dose equivalent unit which is equal to one thousandth of a millionth of a sievert or 10^[-9] Sv." [NIST:NIST] nanosievert mCi "An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to one thousandth of a curie or 10^[-3] Ci." [ORCBS:ORCBS] millicurie uCi "An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to one millionth of a curie or 10^[-6] Ci." [ORCBS:ORCBS] microcurie dpm "An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per minute or there is one atom disintegration per minute." [ORCBS:ORCBS] disintegrations per minute cpm "An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to the number of light emissions produced by ionizing radiation in one minute." [ORCBS:ORCBS] counts per minute ns "A time unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a second or 10^[-9] s." [NIST:NIST] nanosecond "A time unit which is equal to 100 years." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] century "A time unit which represents the period over which the activity or concentration of a specified chemical or element falls to half its original activity or concentration." [MGED:MGED] half life ft-c "An illuminance unit which is equal to the illuminance produced by 1 lumen evenly spread over an area 1 foot^[2]. One footcandle is equal to 10.76 lux." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] foot candle W/m^[2] watt per square metre "An irradiance unit which is equal to 1 watt of radiant power incident per one square meter surface area." [NIST:NIST] watt per square meter einstein per square metre per second einstein/sm^[2] mole per second and square meter mol/sm^2 "An irradiance unit which is equal to one einstein per square meter per second. One einstein is one mole of photons, regardless of their frequency. Therefore, the number of photons in an einstein is Avogadro's number." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] einstein per square meter per second W/sr m^[2] watt per steradian per square metre "A radiance unit which is equal to one watt of radiant power incident per steradian solid angle per one square meter projected area of the source, as viewed from the given direction." [NIST:NIST] watt per steradian per square meter microeinstein per square metre per second micromole per second and square meter mmol/sm^2 umicroeinstein/sm^[2] "An irradiance unit which is equal to one microeinstein per square meter per second or 10^[-6] microeinstein/sm^[2]." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] microeinstein per square meter per second W/sr "A radiant intensity unit which is equal to one kilogram meter squared per second cubed per steradian." [NIST:NIST] watt per steradian mass percentage A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of a substance in a mixture as a percentage of the mass of the entire mixture. % w/w percent weight pr weight w/w weight-weight percentage "A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of a substance in a mixture as a percentage of the mass of the entire mixture." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] mass percentage mass volume percentage A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of the substance in a mixture as a percentage of the volume of the entire mixture. % w/v percent vol per vol (w/v) weight-volume percentage "A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of the substance in a mixture as a percentage of the volume of the entire mixture." [UOC:GVG] mass volume percentage volume percentage A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the volume of the solute in mL per 100 mL of the resulting solution. % v/v percent vol per vol % (v/v) "A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the volume of the solute in mL per 100 mL of the resulting solution." [UOC:GVG] volume percentage 10^[-2] pph "A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 100 regardless of the units of measure as long as they are the same." [UOC:GVG] parts per hundred 10^[-3] ppth "A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1000 regardless of the units of measure as long as they are the same." [UOC:GVG] parts per thousand 10^[-6] ppm "A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1,000,000 regardless of the units of measure used as long as they are the same or 1 part in 10^[6]." [UOC:GVG] parts per million 10^[-9] ppb "A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1,000,000,000 regardless of the units of measure as long as they are the same or 1 part in 10^[9]." [UOC:GVG] parts per billion 10^[-12] ppt "A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1,000,000,000 regardless of the units of measure used as long as they are the same or 1 part in 10^[12]." [UOC:GVG] parts per trillion 10^[-15] ppq "A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1,000,000,000,000 regardless of the units of measure used as long as they are the same or 1 part in 10^[15]." [UOC:GVG] parts per quadrillion g/ml gram per millilitre "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in milliliter." [UOC:GVG] gram per milliliter kg/L kilogram per litre "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in kilograms divided by the volume in liters." [UOC:GVG] kilogram per liter gram per liter A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in liters. g per L g/L g/L gram per litre "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in liters." [UOC:GVG] gram per liter U/ml unit per millilitre "A unit per milliliter unit which is equal to one unit of an agreed arbitrary amount per one milliliter." [Webmd:Webmd] unit per milliliter U/l unit per litre "A unit per milliliter unit which is equal to one unit of an agreed arbitrary amount per one liter." [UOC:GVG] unit per liter "A concentration unit which is a standard measure of the mass of a substance in a given volume (density)." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] mass per unit volume U "A catalytic unit activity which is equal to the amount of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 1 micro mole of substrate per minute." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] enzyme unit kg/m kilogram per metre "An area density unit which is equal to the mass of an object in kilograms divided by one meter." [NIST:NIST] kilogram per meter "A plane angle unit which is equal to 1/360 of a full rotation or 1.7453310^[-2] rad." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] degree "A dimensionless unit which denoted an irrational real number, approximately equal to 3.14159 which is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter in Euclidean geometry." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] pi "A dimensionless count unit which denotes the number of molecules." [MGED:MGED] molecule count "A dimensionless percent unit which denotes the homogeneity of a biomaterial." [MGED:MGED] purity percentage "A dimensionless percent unit which denotes the density of an attached or monolayer culture (e.g., cell culture)." [MGED:MGED] confluence percentage degree Fahrenheit A temperature unit which is equal to 5/9ths of a kelvin. Negative 40 degrees Fahrenheit is equal to negative 40 degrees Celsius. F "A temperature unit which is equal to 5/9ths of a kelvin. Negative 40 degrees Fahrenheit is equal to negative 40 degrees Celsius." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] degree Fahrenheit pH A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the acidity of a solution in terms of activity of hydrogen ions (H+). "A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the acidity of a solution in terms of activity of hydrogen ions (H+)." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] pH l/kg litre per kilogram "A specific volume unit which is equal to one liter volume occupied by one kilogram of a particular substance." [NIST:NIST] liter per kilogram millilitre per kilogram ml/kg "A specific volume unit which is equal to a thousandth of a liter per kilogram or 10^[-3] l/kg." [NIST:NIST] milliliter per kilogram microlitre per kilogram ul/kg "A specific volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter per kilogram or 10^[-6] l/kg." [NIST:NIST] microliter per kilogram cells per millilitre cells per ml "A unit of cell concentration which is equal to one cell in a volume of 1 milliliter." [Bioedonline:Bioedonline] cells per milliliter kat/m^[3] katal per cubic metre "A catalytic (activity) concentration unit which is equal to 1 katal activity of a catalyst in a given volume of one cubic meter." [NIST:NIST] katal per cubic meter kat/l katal per litre "A catalytic (activity) concentration unit which is equal to 1 katal activity of a catalyst in a given volume of one thousandth of a cubic meter." [NIST:NIST] katal per liter millilitre per cubic metre ml/m^[3] "A volume per unit volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter of solute in one cubic meter of solution." [NIST:NIST] milliliter per cubic meter milliliter per liter A volume per unit volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter of solute in one liter of solution. ml per L ml/l millilitre per litre ml/l "A volume per unit volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter of solute in one liter of solution." [NIST:NIST] milliliter per liter gram per deciliter A mass density unit which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in deciliters. g/dl g/dl gram per decilitre "A mass density unit which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in deciliters." [UOC:GVG] gram per deciliter decilitre dl "A volume unit which is equal to one tenth of a liter or 10^[-1] L." [NIST:NIST] deciliter cfu "A dimensionless count unit which a measure of viable bacterial numbers." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] colony forming unit pfu "A dimensionless count unit which a measure of plaque forming units in a given volume." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] plaque forming unit colony forming unit per volume A concentration unit which a measure of viable bacterial numbers in a given volume. "A concentration unit which a measure of viable bacterial numbers in a given volume." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] colony forming unit per volume cfu/ml colony forming unit per millilitre "A colony forming unit which a measure of viable bacterial numbers in one milliliter." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] colony forming unit per milliliter pfu/ml plaque forming unit per millilitre "A concentration unit which a measure of plaque forming units in one milliliter." [UOC:GVG] plaque forming unit per milliliter dps "An activity (of a radionuclide) unit which is equal to the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second or there is one atom disintegration per second." [ORCBS:ORCBS] disintegrations per second V "An electric potential difference unit which is equal to the work per unit charge. One volt is the potential difference required to move one coulomb of charge between two points in a circuit while using one joule of energy." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] volt C "An electrical charge unit which is equal to the amount of charge transferred by a current of 1 ampere in 1 second." [WordNet:WordNet] coulomb Da amu u unified atomic mass unit "An independently to the base SI units defined mass unit which is equal to one twelfth of the mass of an unbound atom of the carbon-12 nuclide, at rest and in its ground state." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] dalton kDa "A mass unit which is equal to one thousand daltons." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] kilodalton Wh "An energy unit which is equal to the amount of electrical energy equivalent to a one-watt load drawing power for one hour." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] watt-hour "An energy unit which is equal to 1,000 watt-hours." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] kilowatt-hour V s Wb volt-second "A magnetic flux unit which is equal to the amount of flux that when linked with a single turn of wire for an interval of one second will induce an electromotive force of one volt." [ScienceLobby:ScienceLobby] weber T Wb/m2 "A magnetic flux density unit which is equal to one weber per square meter." [WordNet:WordNet] tesla Vh "A magnetic flux unit which is equal to 3600 Wb." [UOC:GVG] volt-hour kVh "A magnetic flux unit which is equal to one thousand volt-hours." [UOC:GVG] kilovolt-hour "An information unit which refers to a digit in the binary numeral system, which consists of base 2 digits (ie there are only 2 possible values: 0 or 1)." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] bit B "An information unit which is equal to 8 bits." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] byte kB "An information unit which is equal to 1000 bytes." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] kilobyte MB "An information unit which is equal to 1000 kB." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] megabyte "An image resolution unit which is a standard measure of the amount of spatial detail in an image." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] chroma sampling unit "An image resolution unit which is a standard measure of the amount of contrast available in a pixel." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] dynamic range unit dpi "A spatial resolution unit which is a standard measure of the printing resolution, in particular the number of individual dots of ink a printer or toner can produce within a linear one-inch space." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] dots per inch micrometer pixel "A spatial resolution unit which is equal to a pixel size of one micrometer." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] micron pixel pixel density ppi "A spatial resolution unit which is a standard measure of the resolution of a computer display, related to the size of the display in inches and the total number of pixels in the horizontal and vertical directions." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] pixels per inch pixels per millimetre "A spatial resolution unit which is a standard measure of the number of pixels in one millimeter length or width of a digital image divided by the physical length or width of a printed image." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] pixels per millimeter basepair bp "A count unit which contains one nucleotide." [UO:GVG] base pair KiB "An information unit which is equal to 1024 B." [NIST:NIST] kibibyte MiB "An information unit which is equal to 1024 KiB." [NIST:NIST] mebibyte mV "An electric potential difference unit which is equal to one thousandth of a volt or 10^[-3] V." [UOC:GVG] millivolt kV "An electric potential difference unit which is equal to one thousand volts or 10^[3] V." [UOC:GVG] kilovolt uV "An electric potential difference unit which is equal to one millionth of a volt or 10^[-6] V." [UOC:GVG] microvolt nV "An electric potential difference unit which is equal to one billionth of a volt or 10^[-12] V." [UOC:GVG] nanovolt pV "An electric potential difference unit which is equal to one trillionth of a volt or 10^[-12] V." [UOC:GVG] picovolt MV "An electric potential difference unit which is equal to one million volts or 10^[6] V." [UOC:GVG] megavolt N/m newton per metre "A surface tension unit which is equal to one newton per meter." [NIST:NIST] newton per meter dyn/cm "A surface tension unit which is equal to one dyne per centimeter." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] dyne per cm Pa s "A viscosity unit which is equal to one pascale per second." [NIST:NIST] pascal second P dyne s/cm^2 "A viscosity unit which is equal to one dyne second per square centimeter." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] poise dB "A ratio unit which is an indicator of sound power per unit area." [techtarget:techtarget] decibel "A unit which is a standard measure of the estimate of the stochastic effect that a non-uniform radiation dose has on a human." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] effective dose unit A V^-1 mho S "An electrical conduction unit which is equal to A/V." [NIST:NIST] siemens W/m K watt per metre kelvin "An heat conduction unit which is equal to one watt divided by meter kelvin." [NIST:NIST] watt per meter kelvin eV electron volt "A non-SI unit of energy (eV) defined as the energy acquired by a single unbound electron when it passes through an electrostatic potential difference of one volt. An electronvolt is equal to 1.602 176 53(14) x 10^-19 J." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] electronvolt V/m volt per metre "The volt per meter is a unit of electric field strength equal to the a potential difference of 1 volt existing between two points that are 1 meter apart." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_field] volt per meter AU "A dimensionless logarithmic unit assigned to a measure of absorbance of light through a partially absorbing substance, defined as -log10(I/I_0) where I = transmitted light and I_0 = incident light." [Wikipedia:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbance] absorbance unit microliters per minute A volumetric flow rate unit which is equal to one microliter volume through a given surface in one minute. microlitres per minute uL/min "A volumetric flow rate unit which is equal to one microliter volume through a given surface in one minute." [UOC:GVG] microliters per minute millimeters of mercury mmHg "A unit of pressure equal to the amount of fluid pressure one millimeter deep in mercury at zero degrees centigrade on Earth." [url:en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mmHg] millimetres of mercury mg/L milligram per litre "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in milligrams divided by the volume in liters." [UOC:GVG] milligram per liter mcg/mL microgram per millilitre ug/ml µg/mL "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in micrograms divided by the volume in millliters." [UOC:GVG] microgram per milliliter nanogram per millilitre ng/ml "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in nanograms divided by the volume in milliliters." [UOC:GVG] nanogram per milliliter mU/ml milliunits per millilitre "A unit per milliliter unit which is equal to one thousandth of a unit of an agreed arbitrary amount per one milliliter." [UOC:GVG] milliunits per milliliter count per nanomolar second A rate unit which is equal to one over one nanomolar second. nM^-1 s^-1 "A rate unit which is equal to one over one nanomolar second." [UOC:GVG] count per nanomolar second count per molar second A rate unit which is equal to one over one molar second. M^-1 s^-1 "A rate unit which is equal to one over one molar second." [UOC:GVG] count per molar second "An area density unit which is equal to the mass of an object in kilograms divided by the surface area in hectares." [UO:GVG] kilogram per hectare count per nanomolar A rate unit which is equal to one over one nanomolar. 1/nM nM^-1 "A rate unit which is equal to one over one nanomolar." [UO:GVG] count per nanomolar count per molar A rate unit which is equal to one over one molar. 1/M M^-1 "A rate unit which is equal to one over one molar." [UO:GVG] count per molar microgram per liter A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in micrograms divided by the volume in liters. ng/ml ug/L microgram per litre ug/L "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in micrograms divided by the volume in liters." [UOC:GVG] microgram per liter "A dose unit which is equal to 1 milligram of a toxic or pharmaceutical substance per kilogram body weight of the recipient subject." [UO:PC] milligram per kilogram "A dose unit which is equal to 1 milligram of a toxic or pharmaceutical substance per square meter of surface area of the recipient subject." [UO:PC] milligram per square meter "A concentration unit which is a standard measure of the amount of a toxic or pharmaceutical substance administered over time to a recipient subject, expressed in terms of the size of the subject." [UO:PC] dosage unit "A dosage unit which is equal to 1 milligram per day of a toxic or pharmaceutical substance per kilogram body weight of the recipient subject." [UO:PC] milligram per kilogram per day "A derived unit which is a measure of relative light intensity, as typically measured by a luminometer, spectrophotometer, or fluorimeter in biological research applications." [UO:PC] relative light unit "A relative light unit which is a measure of relative luminescence intensity." [UO:PC] relative luminescence unit "A relative light unit which is a measure of relative fluorescence intensity." [UO:PC] relative fluorescence unit mH megahertz "A frequency unit which is equal to one million hertz or 10^[6] V." [UOC:GVG] megaHertz cM "A unit used to express distances on a genetic map. In genetic mapping, distances between markers are determined by measuring the rate of meoitic recombination between them, which increases proportionately with the distance separating them. A cM is defined as the length of an interval in which there is a 1% probability of recombination. On the average, 1 cM is roughly equivalent to 1 megabase (Mb) of DNA, although this can vary widely due to hot and cold spots of recombination." [NCBI:http\://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SCIENCE96/Glossary.html] centiMorgan cR "A unit of genetic map distance defined corresponding to an interval in which there is a 1% probability of X-irradiation induced breakage. To be completely specified, the unit must be qualified by the radiation in dosage in rads (e.g. cR8000), because this determines the actual breakage probability." [NCBI:http\://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SCIENCE96/Glossary.html] centiRay Mb megabasepair "A unit equal to one million base pairs" [UOC:GVG] mega base pair Gb gigabasepair "A unit equal to one billion base pairs." [UOC:GVG] giga base pair square micrometre "An area unit which is equal to an area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 micrometer long." [NIST:NIST] square micrometer mS "An electrical conduction unit which is equal to one thousandth of a siemen or 10^[-3] siemens." [NIST:NIST] millisiemens "A specific concentration unit which is equal to 1 micromole in a given volume of one thousandth of a cubic meter." [NIST:NIST] micromole per litre "A specific concentration unit which is equal to 1 micromole of a given substance per kilogram of solvent." [UOB:LKSR] micromole per kilogram mm/day "A speed/velocity unit which is equal to the speed of an object traveling 1 millimeter distance in one day." [UOB:LKSR] millimeters per day kilometre per hour km/h "A speed/velocity unit which is equal to the speed of an object traveling 1 kilometer distance in one hour." [NIST:NIST] kilometer per hour mDa milli unified atomic mass unit millidalton mmu "A mass unit which is equal to 1/12 the mass of 12C" [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] milli HA "An area unit which is equal to an area of 10,000 square meters. Equivalent to 2.471 acres." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] hectare in "A length unit which is equal to 0.0254 metres." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] inch mil th "A length unit which is equal to 0.0254 millimetres." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] thou ft "A length unit which is equal to 0.3048 metres, or 12 inches." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] foot yd "A length unit which is equal to 0.9144 metres, or 3 feet." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] yard ch "A length unit which is equal to 20.1168 metres, 66 feet, or 22 yards." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] chain fur "A length unit which is equal to 20,116.8 metres, 660 feet, or 10 chains." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] furlong mi "A length unit which is equal to 1,609.344 metres, or 8 furlongs." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] mile lea "A length unit which is equal to 3 miles, or 4,828.032 metres" [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] league "A maritime length unit is one used primarily at sea." [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] maritime length unit ftm "A maritime length unit which is equal to 6.08 feet, or 1.853184 metres" [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] fathom "A maritime length unit which is equal to 608 feet, 100 fathoms, or 185.3184 metres" [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] cable "A maritime length unit which is equal to 6,080 feet, 10 cables, or 1,853.184 metres" [Wikipedia:Wikpiedia] nautical mile "An area unit which is equal to an area of 25.292,852,64 square meters, or 1 square rod." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] perch "An area unit which is equivalent to 1 furlong x 1 rod. This is equal to an area of 1,011.714,1056 square meters, or 40 square rods." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] rood "An area unit which is equivalent to 1 furlong x 1 chain. This is equal to an area of 4,046.856,4224 square meters, or 43,500 square feet." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] acre fl oz "An imperial volume unit which is equivalent to 28.413,0625 millilitres." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] fluid ounce gi "An imperial volume unit which is equivalent to 142.065,3125 millilitres." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] gill pt "An imperial volume unit which is equivalent to 568.261,25 millilitres." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] pint qt "An imperial volume unit which is equivalent to 1,136.5225 millilitres, or two pints." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] quart gal "An imperial volume unit which is equivalent to 4,546.09 millilitres, or 8 pints." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] gallon gr "An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 64.798,91 milligrams." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] grain dr "An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 1.771,845,195,3125 grams, or 1/256 of 1 pound." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] drachm oz "An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 28.349,523,125 grams, or 1/16 of 1 pound." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] ounce lb "An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 453.592,37 grams." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] pound st "An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 6,350.293,18 grams, or 14 pounds." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] stone qr qtr "An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 12.700,586,36 kilograms, or 28 pounds." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] quarter cwt "An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 50.802,345,44 kilograms, 112 pounds, or 8 stone." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] hundredweight t "An imperial mass unit which is equivalent to 1,016.046,9088 kilograms, or 2,240 pounds." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] ton "An imperial gravitational unit which is equivalent to a mass that accelerates by 1ft/s² when a force of one pound (lbf) is exerted on it." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] slug metric teaspoon tsp "A metric teaspoon is a unit of measurement of volume widely used in cooking recipes and pharmaceutic prescriptions. It equals a 5mL volume." [Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teaspoon] teaspoon g/m^[2] gram per square metre "An area density unit which is equal to the mass of an object in grams divided by the surface area in meters squared." [NIST:NIST] gram per square meter nanogram per microlitre ng/ul "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in nanograms divided by the volume in microliters." [UOB:LTS] nanogram per microliter big calorie cal calorie food calorie kcal kilocalorie "A unit of energy widely used in nutrition, equivalent to the amount of heat needed to cause one kilogram of water to rise in temperature by one degree Celsius." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia] large calorie micrograms per bottle "A unit of mass concentration defined as the number of micrograms of a substance per 250 ml Wheaton bottle." [UOB:LTS] micrograms per wheaton bottle pA "An electric current unit current which is equal to one trillionth of an ampere or 10^[-12] A." [UOB:LTS] picoampere cGy "An absorbed dose unit which is equal to 0.01 gray (Gy)" [NIST:NIST] centigray GeV "A unit of energy that is equal to one thousand million electronvolts." [] gigaelectronvolt GeV/nucleon "Derived unit which is equal to the total kinetic energy of an atomic nucleus in GeV divided by the number of nucleons in the nucleus" [] gigaelectronvolt per nucleon MeV/nucleon "Derived unit which is equal to the total kinetic energy of an atomic nucleus in MeV divided by the number of nucleons in the nucleus" [] megaelectronvolt per nucleon keV/micron "A derived unit equal to the energy deposited by ionizing radiation per micron of path length in matter" [] kiloelectronvolt per micron Gy/min "A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one gray absorbed per minute." [NIST:NIST] gray per minute cGy/min "A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one centigray absorbed per minute." [NIST:NIST] centigray per minute mGy/day "A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one milligray absorbed per minute." [NIST:NIST] milligray per minute mGy/min "A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one milligray absorbed per day." [NIST:NIST] milligray per day mGy/h "A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one milligray absorbed per hour." [NIST:NIST] milligray per hour mGy/s "A derived absorbed dose unit which is equal to one milligray absorbed per second." [NIST:NIST] milligray per second kilometre km "A length unit which is equal to one thousand meters." [UOB:LKSR] kilometer mg/dl milligram per decilitre "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in milligrams divided by the volume in deciliters." [UOB:LKSR] milligram per deciliter microgram per decilitre ug/dl "A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in micrograms divided by the volume in deciliters." [UOB:LKSR] microgram per deciliter 2000-07-11 A service is a system that provides one or more functions of value to the end-user. Examples include: a photocopying service, a banking service, an authentication service, interlibrary loans, a Z39.50 or Web server. Service true MF(X)-directly_regulates->MF(Y)-enabled_by->GP(Z) => MF(Y)-has_input->GP(Y) e.g. if 'protein kinase activity'(X) directly_regulates 'protein binding activity (Y)and this is enabled by GP(Z) then X has_input Z infer input from direct reg GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-has_part->MF(Z) => GP(X) enables MF(Z), e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase coupled transporter activity' has_part 'ATPase activity' then GP(X) enables 'ATPase activity' enabling an MF enables its parts GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-has_part->MF(Z) => GP(X) enables MF(Z), e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase coupled transporter activity' has_part 'ATPase activity' then GP(X) enables 'ATPase activity' enabling an MF enables its parts true GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-part_of->BP(Z) => GP(X) involved_in BP(Z) e.g. if X enables 'protein kinase activity' and Y 'part of' 'signal tranduction' then X involved in 'signal transduction' involved in BP true GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-part_of->BP(Z) => GP(X) involved_in BP(Z) e.g. if X enables 'protein kinase activity' and Y 'part of' 'signal tranduction' then X involved in 'signal transduction' involved in BP If a molecular function (X) has a regulatory subfunction, then any gene product which is an input to that subfunction has an activity that directly_regulates X. Note: this is intended for cases where the regaultory subfunction is protein binding, so it could be tightened with an additional clause to specify this. inferring direct reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction If a molecular function (X) has a regulatory subfunction, then any gene product which is an input to that subfunction has an activity that directly_regulates X. Note: this is intended for cases where the regaultory subfunction is protein binding, so it could be tightened with an additional clause to specify this. inferring direct reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction inferring direct neg reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction inferring direct neg reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction inferring direct positive reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction inferring direct positive reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction effector input is compound function input Input of effector is input of its parent MF if effector directly regulates X, its parent MF directly regulates X if effector directly positively regulates X, its parent MF directly positively regulates X if effector directly negatively regulates X, its parent MF directly negatively regulates X effector input is compound function input Input of effector is input of its parent MF if effector directly regulates X, its parent MF directly regulates X if effector directly positively regulates X, its parent MF directly positively regulates X if effector directly negatively regulates X, its parent MF directly negatively regulates X 'causally downstream of' and 'overlaps' should be disjoint properties (a SWRL rule is required because these are non-simple properties). 'causally upstream of' and 'overlaps' should be disjoint properties (a SWRL rule is required because these are non-simple properties). 'causally downstream of' and 'overlaps' should be disjoint properties (a SWRL rule is required because these are non-simple properties). 'causally upstream of' and 'overlaps' should be disjoint properties (a SWRL rule is required because these are non-simple properties).