Domain ontology for thin-film solar cells and related tandem solar cells. Contains relevant terms and concepts from BFO, IAO, UO, PATO, OBI, CHMO.
Ontology for thin-film solar cells (TFSCO)
The Ontology for thin-film solar cells strives to build a collection of experimental parameter from the sytnhesis- and measurement processes of thin-film solar cells.
release, latest changes: 2025-08-25
editor preferred term
The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English)
PERSON:Daniel Schober
example of usage
A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold.
has curation status
PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON:Bill Bug
PERSON:Melanie Courtot
definition
The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with.
editor note
An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology.
term editor
Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people
20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115.
definition source
Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
term tracker item
the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/
An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term.
Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg
The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term.
ontology term requester
The name of the person, project, or organization that motivated inclusion of an ontology term by requesting its addition.
The 'term requester' can credit the person, organization or project who request the ontology term.
imported from
For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported
expand assertion to
ObjectProperty: RO??? Label: spatially disjoint from Annotations: expand_assertion_to "DisjointClasses: (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?X) (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)"
A macro expansion tag applied to an annotation property which can be expanded into a more detailed axiom.
Chris Mungall
An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a string or literal, where the value of the string or literal is a Common Logic sentence of collection of sentences that define the Object Property.
OBO foundry unique label
An alternative name for a class or property which is unique across the OBO Foundry.
The intended usage of that property is as follow: OBO foundry unique labels are automatically generated based on regular expressions provided by each ontology, so that SO could specify unique label = 'sequence ' + [label], etc. , MA could specify 'mouse + [label]' etc. Upon importing terms, ontology developers can choose to use the 'OBO foundry unique label' for an imported term or not. The same applies to tools .
PERSON:Bjoern Peters
PERSON:Chris Mungall
GROUP:OBO Foundry <http://obofoundry.org/>
elucidation
person:Alan Ruttenberg
Person:Barry Smith
Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms
may be identical to
A annotation relationship between two terms in an ontology that may refer to the same (natural) type but where more evidence is required before terms are merged.
David Osumi-Sutherland
VFB
Edges asserting this should be annotated with to record evidence supporting the assertion and its provenance.
has axiom id
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
A URI that is intended to be unique label for an axiom used for tracking change to the ontology. For an axiom expressed in different languages, each expression is given the same URI
has axiom label
term replaced by
Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute
Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology
An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context.
tooth SubClassOf 'never in taxon' value 'Aves'
x never in taxon T if and only if T is a class, and x does not instantiate the class expression "in taxon some T". Note that this is a shortcut relation, and should be used as a hasValue restriction in OWL.
Class: ?X DisjointWith: RO_0002162 some ?Y
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> PREFIX in_taxon: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002162> PREFIX never_in_taxon: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002161> CONSTRUCT { in_taxon: a owl:ObjectProperty . ?x owl:disjointWith [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty in_taxon: ; owl:someValuesFrom ?taxon ] . ?x rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty in_taxon: ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:complementOf ?taxon ] ] . } WHERE { ?x never_in_taxon: ?taxon . }
A is mutually_spatially_disjoint_with B if both A and B are classes, and there exists no p such that p is part_of some A and p is part_of some B.
Class: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing> EquivalentTo: (BFO_0000050 some ?X) and (BFO_0000050 some ?Y)
PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> PREFIX part_of: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> PREFIX mutually_spatially_disjoint_with: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002171> CONSTRUCT { part_of: a owl:ObjectProperty . [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty part_of: ; owl:someValuesFrom ?x ; owl:disjointWith [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty part_of: ; owl:someValuesFrom ?y ] ] } WHERE { ?x mutually_spatially_disjoint_with: ?y . }
mutually spatially disjoint with
An assertion that holds between an ontology class and an organism taxon class, which is intepreted to yield some relationship between instances of the ontology class and the taxon.
taxonomic class assertion
S ambiguous_for_taxon T if the class S does not have a clear referent in taxon T. An example would be the class 'manual digit 1', which encompasses a homology hypotheses that is accepted for some species (e.g. human and mouse), but does not have a clear referent in Aves - the referent is dependent on the hypothesis embraced, and also on the ontogenetic stage. [PHENOSCPAE:asilomar_mtg]
ambiguous for taxon
S dubious_for_taxon T if it is probably the case that no instances of S can be found in any instance of T.
This relation lacks a strong logical interpretation, but can be used in place of never_in_taxon where it is desirable to state that the definition of the class is too strict for the taxon under consideration, but placing a never_in_taxon link would result in a chain of inconsistencies that will take ongoing coordinated effort to resolve. Example: metencephalon in teleost
dubious for taxon
S present_in_taxon T if some instance of T has some S. This does not means that all instances of T have an S - it may only be certain life stages or sexes that have S
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> PREFIX in_taxon: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002162> PREFIX present_in_taxon: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002175> CONSTRUCT { in_taxon: a owl:ObjectProperty . ?witness rdfs:label ?label . ?witness rdfs:subClassOf ?x . ?witness rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty in_taxon: ; owl:someValuesFrom ?taxon ] . } WHERE { ?x present_in_taxon: ?taxon . BIND(IRI(CONCAT( "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002175#", MD5(STR(?x)), "-", MD5(STR(?taxon)) )) as ?witness) BIND(CONCAT(STR(?x), " in taxon ", STR(?taxon)) AS ?label) }
The SPARQL expansion for this relation introduces new named classes into the ontology. For this reason it is likely that the expansion should only be performed during a QC pipeline; the expanded output should usually not be included in a published version of the ontology.
present in taxon
An assertion that involves at least one OWL object that is intended to be expanded into one or more logical axioms. The logical expansion can yield axioms expressed using any formal logical system, including, but not limited to OWL2-DL.
logical macro assertion
An assertion that holds between an OWL Annotation Property P and a non-negative integer N, with the interpretation: for any P(i j) it must be the case that | { k : P(i k) } | = N.
annotation property cardinality
A logical macro assertion whose domain is an IRI for a class
The domain for this class can be considered to be owl:Class, but we cannot assert this in OWL2-DL
logical macro assertion on a class
A logical macro assertion whose domain is an IRI for a property
logical macro assertion on a property
Used to annotate object properties to describe a logical meta-property or characteristic of the object property.
logical macro assertion on an object property
logical macro assertion on an annotation property
An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a dispositional interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms or OWL Individuals that use this property are to be interpreted in a dispositional context. For example, A binds B may be interpreted as A have a mutual disposition that is realized by binding to the other one.
'pectoral appendage skeleton' has no connections with 'pelvic appendage skeleton'
A is has_no_connections_with B if there are no parts of A or B that have a connection with the other.
Class: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing> EquivalentTo: (BFO_0000050 some ?X) and (RO_0002170 some (BFO_0000050 some ?Y))
Connects an ontology entity (class, property, etc) to a URL from which curator guidance can be obtained. This assertion is inherited in the same manner as functional annotations (e.g. for GO, over SubClassOf and part_of)
brain always_present_in_taxon 'Vertebrata'
forelimb always_present_in_taxon Euarchontoglires
S always_present_in_taxon T if every fully formed member of taxon T has part some S, or is an instance of S
This is a very strong relation. Often we will not have enough evidence to know for sure that there are no species within a lineage that lack the structure - loss is common in evolution. However, there are some statements we can make with confidence - no vertebrate lineage could persist without a brain or a heart. All primates are limbed.
This properties were created originally for the annotation of developmental or life cycle stages, such as for example Carnegie Stage 20 in humans.
temporal logical macro assertion on a class
Count of number of days intervening between the start of the stage and the time of fertilization according to a reference model. Note that the first day of development has the value of 0 for this property.
Count of number of days intervening between the end of the stage and the time of fertilization according to a reference model. Note that the first day of development has the value of 1 for this property.
Count of number of years intervening between the start of the stage and the time of birth according to a reference model. Note that the first year of post-birth development has the value of 0 for this property, and the period during which the child is one year old has the value 1.
Count of number of years intervening between the end of the stage and the time of birth according to a reference model. Note that the first year of post-birth development has the value of 1 for this property, and the period during which the child is one year old has the value 2
Count of number of months intervening between the start of the stage and the time of birth according to a reference model. Note that the first month of post-birth development has the value of 0 for this property, and the period during which the child is one month old has the value 1.
Count of number of months intervening between the end of the stage and the time of birth according to a reference model. Note that the first month of post-birth development has the value of 1 for this property, and the period during which the child is one month old has the value 2
Defines the start and end of a stage with a duration of 1 month, relative to either the time of fertilization or last menstrual period of the mother (to be clarified), counting from one, in terms of a reference model. Thus if month_of_gestation=3, then the stage is 2 month in.
A relationship between a stage class and an anatomical structure or developmental process class, in which the stage is characterized by the appearance of the structure or the occurrence of the biological process
Count of number of days intervening between the start of the stage and the time of coitum.
For mouse staging: assuming that it takes place around midnight during a 7pm to 5am dark cycle (noon of the day on which the vaginal plug is found, the embryos are aged 0.5 days post coitum)
Count of number of days intervening between the end of the stage and the time of coitum.
If Rel is the relational form of a process Pr, then it follow that: Rel(x,y) <-> exists p : Pr(p), x subject-partner-in p, y object-partner-in p
is asymmetric relational form of process class
If Rel is the relational form of a process Pr, then it follow that: Rel(x,y) <-> exists p : Pr(p), x partner-in p, y partner-in p
is symmetric relational form of process class
R is the relational form of a process if and only if either (1) R is the symmetric relational form of a process or (2) R is the asymmetric relational form of a process
relation p is the direct form of relation q iff p is a subPropertyOf q, p does not have the Transitive characteristic, q does have the Transitive characteristic, and for all x, y: x q y -> exists z1, z2, ..., zn such that x p z1 ... z2n y
The general property hierarchy is: "directly P" SubPropertyOf "P" Transitive(P) Where we have an annotation assertion "directly P" "is direct form of" "P"
If we have the annotation P is-direct-form-of Q, and we have inverses P' and Q', then it follows that P' is-direct-form-of Q'
relation p is the indirect form of relation q iff p is a subPropertyOf q, and there exists some p' such that p' is the direct form of q, p' o p' -> p, and forall x,y : x q y -> either (1) x p y or (2) x p' y
If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then it also holds that R -> P o Q. Note that this cannot be expressed directly in OWL
If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R.
is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive
An annotation property that connects an object property to a class, where the object property is derived from or a shortcut property for the class. The exact semantics of this annotation may vary on a case by case basis.
A shortcut relationship that holds between two entities based on their identity criteria
logical macro assertion involving identity
A shortcut relationship between two entities x and y1, such that the intent is that the relationship is functional and inverse function, but there is no guarantee that this property holds.
in approximate one to one relationship with
x is approximately equivalent to y if it is the case that x is equivalent, identical or near-equivalent to y
The precise meaning of this property is dependent upon some contexts. It is intended to group multiple possible formalisms. Possibilities include a probabilistic interpretation, for example, Pr(x=y) > 0.95. Other possibilities include reified statements of belief, for example, "Database D states that x=y"
'anterior end of organism' is-opposite-of 'posterior end of organism'
'increase in temperature' is-opposite-of 'decrease in temperature'
x is the opposite of y if there exists some distance metric M, and there exists no z such as M(x,z) <= M(x,y) or M(y,z) <= M(y,x).
x is indistinguishable from y if there exists some distance metric M, and there exists no z such as M(x,z) <= M(x,y) or M(y,z) <= M(y,x).
evidential logical macro assertion on an axiom
A relationship between a sentence and an instance of a piece of evidence in which the evidence supports the axiom
This annotation property is intended to be used in an OWL Axiom Annotation to connect an OWL Axiom to an instance of an ECO (evidence type ontology class). Because in OWL, all axiom annotations must use an Annotation Property, the value of the annotation cannot be an OWL individual, the convention is to use an IRI of the individual.
A relationship between a sentence and an instance of a piece of evidence in which the evidence contradicts the axiom
In the context of a particular project, the IRI with CURIE NCBIGene:64327 (which in this example denotes a class) is considered to be representative. This means that if we have equivalent classes with IRIs OMIM:605522, ENSEMBL:ENSG00000105983, HGNC:13243 forming an equivalence set, the NCBIGene is considered the representative member IRI. Depending on the policies of the project, the classes may be merged, or the NCBIGene IRI may be chosen as the default in a user interface context.
this property relates an IRI to the xsd boolean value "True" if the IRI is intended to be the representative IRI for a collection of classes that are mutually equivalent.
If it is necessary to make the context explicit, an axiom annotation can be added to the annotation assertion
is representative IRI for equivalence set
OWLAPI Reasoner documentation for representativeElement, which follows a similar idea, but selects an arbitrary member
true if the two properties are disjoint, according to OWL semantics. This should only be used if using a logical axiom introduces a non-simple property violation.
nominally disjoint with
Used to annotate object properties representing a causal relationship where the value indicates a direction. Should be "+", "-" or "0"
part-of is homeomorphic for independent continuants.
R is homemorphic for C iff (1) there exists some x,y such that x R y, and x and y instantiate C and (2) for all x, if x is an instance of C, and there exists some y some such that x R y, then it follows that y is an instance of C.
R homeomorphic-for C expands to: C SubClassOf R only C. Additionally, for any class D that is disjoint with C, we can also expand to C DisjointWith R some D, D DisjointWith R some C.
valid_for_go_annotation_extension
valid_for_go_gp2term
valid_for_go_ontology
valid_for_gocam
A summary of the resource.
Abstract
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource.
Contributor
Date of creation of the resource.
Recommended practice is to describe the date, date/time, or period of time as recommended for the property Date, of which this is a subproperty.
Date Created
An entity responsible for making the resource.
Recommended practice is to identify the creator with a URI. If this is not possible or feasible, a literal value that identifies the creator may be provided.
Creator
A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.
Recommended practice is to refer to the rights holder with a URI. If this is not possible or feasible, a literal value that identifies the rights holder may be provided.
Rights Holder
A name given to the resource.
Title
The preferred namespace prefix to use when using terms from this vocabulary in an XML document.
Preferred Namespace Prefix
Issue Tracker
has documentation
The property that identifies the version IRI of an ontology.
versionIRI
is part of
my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.
Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'.
part_of
part of
has part
my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part.
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'.
has_part
realized in
this disease is realized in this disease course
this fragility is realized in this shattering
this investigator role is realized in this investigation
is realized by
realized_in
[copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
realizes
this disease course realizes this disease
this investigation realizes this investigator role
this shattering realizes this fragility
to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
occurs in
b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
occurs_in
unfolds in
unfolds_in
Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant
site of
[copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant
contains process
has unit label
This document is about information artifacts and their representations
A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic.
Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy
is about
m is a quality measurement of q at t. When q is a quality, there is a measurement process p that has specified output m, a measurement datum, that is about q
8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: The strategy is to be rather specific with this relationship. There are other kinds of measurements that are not of qualities, such as those that measure time. We will add these as separate properties for the moment and see about generalizing later
From the second IAO workshop [Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009: not completely current, though bringing in comparison is probably important] This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail. Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details. -- From the second IAO workshop, various comments, [commented on by Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009] unit of measure is a quality, e.g. the length of a ruler. [We decided to hedge on what units of measure are, instead talking about measurement unit labels, which are the information content entities that are about whatever measurement units are. For IAO we need that information entity in any case. See the term measurement unit label] [Some struggling with the various subflavors of is_about. We subsequently removed the relation represents, and describes until and only when we have a better theory] a represents b means either a denotes b or a describes describe: a describes b means a is about b and a allows an inference of at least one quality of b We have had a long discussion about denotes versus describes.
From the second IAO workshop: An attempt at tieing the quality to the measurement datum more carefully. a is a magnitude means a is a determinate quality particular inhering in some bearer b existing at a time t that can be represented/denoted by an information content entity e that has parts denoting a unit of measure, a number, and b. The unit of measure is an instance of the determinable quality.
From the second meeting on IAO: An attempt at defining assay using Barry's "reliability" wording assay: process and has_input some material entity and has_output some information content entity and which is such that instances of this process type reliably generate outputs that describes the input.
This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail. Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details.
Alan Ruttenberg
is quality measurement of
relates a process to a time-measurement-datum that represents the duration of the process
is duration of
inverse of the relation of is quality measurement of
2009/10/19 Alan Ruttenberg. Named 'junk' relation useful in restrictions, but not a real instance relationship
is quality measured as
A relation between a data item and a quality of a material entity where the material entity is the specified output of a material transformation which achieves an objective specification that indicates the intended value of the specified quality.
Person:Bjoern Peters
is quality specification of
inverse of the relation of is quality specification of
quality is specified as
relates a time stamped measurement datum to the time measurement datum that denotes the time when the measurement was taken
has time stamp
relates a time stamped measurement datum to the measurement datum that was measured
has measurement datum
has_specified_input
see is_input_of example_of_usage
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
some Autologous EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed B-LCL (B lymphocyte cell line) is_input_for instance of Chromum Release Assay described at https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay
is_specified_input_of
has_specified_output
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
is_specified_output_of
A cell sorting process achieves the objective specification 'material separation objective'
This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.
modified according to email thread from 1/23/09 in accordince with DT and PPPB branch
This relation obtains between an objective specification and a planned process when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.
inheres in
this fragility is a characteristic of this vase
this red color is a characteristic of this apple
a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence.
inheres_in
Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing.
characteristic of
characteristics of
bearer of
this apple is bearer of this red color
this vase is bearer of this fragility
Inverse of characteristic_of
A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.
bearer_of
is bearer of
has characteristic
participates in
this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation
this input material (or this output material) participates in this process
this investigator participates in this investigation
a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
participates_in
has participant
this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
this investigation has participant this investigator
this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.
has_participant
A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants.
is concretized as
A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.
concretizes
this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme
a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
function_of
is function of
This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.
function of
this red color is a quality of this apple
a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists.
is quality of
quality_of
quality of
this investigator role is a role of this person
a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
is role of
role_of
role of
this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
has_function
has function
this apple has quality this red color
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.
has_quality
has quality
this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
has_role
has role
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
has disposition
disposition of
this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division)
this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division)
a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'.
derives_from
This relation is taken from the RO2005 version of RO. It may be obsoleted and replaced by relations with different definitions. See also the 'develops from' family of relations.
derives from
this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division)
this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division)
a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'.
derives_into
derives into
the surface of my skin is a 2D boundary of my body
a relation between a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary) and a material entity, in which the boundary delimits the material entity
A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts.
Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape.
2D_boundary_of
boundary of
is 2D boundary of
is boundary of
2D boundary of
my body has 2D boundary the surface of my skin
a relation between a material entity and a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary), in which the boundary delimits the material entity
has boundary
has_2D_boundary
has 2D boundary
p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.
has input
p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p.
has output
An organism that is a member of a population of organisms
is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection.
member of
has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item.
has member
'lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate' SubClassOf has_intermediate some diaminopimelate
p has intermediate c if and only if p has parts p1, p2 and p1 has output c, and p2 has input c
a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix.
Note that this definition doesn't quite distinguish the output of a transformation process from a production process, which is related to the identity/granularity issue.
produces
a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a.
produced by
provides input for
A transferring device is a device that is designed to transfer material. [Allotrope]
A nozzle is a transferring device consisting of jet port with an opening for regulating and/or directing the flow of fluid. [Allotrope]
Additive is a role of material that is added to a mixture in order to achieve a supportive purpose. [Allotrope]
additive role
The planned process of finding the number of elements in a finite set of objects.
counting
Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.
We are assuming that every molecular entity has to be completely connected by chemical bonds. This excludes protein complexes, which are comprised of minimally two separate molecular entities. We will follow up with Chebi to ensure this is their understanding as well
A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.
A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.
A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types.
A pure substance is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, which are all of the same kind.
A mixture is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, at least two of which are of a different kind.
A mixture that is homogeneous, made up of at least two scattered molecular aggregates, one playing the role of solute and the other playing the role of solvent.
Any technique where a microscope is used to view a small object (or specimen) by producing a magnified image.
Any method for determining structure where the change in direction or intensity of reflected radiation or particles is detected.
Any method for determining structure by directing a beam of particles or X-rays onto an extremely flat surface and measuring the intensity of the reflected radiation as a function of angle.
A method for determining structure by directing a beam of X-rays at an extremely flat surface and measuring the intensity of the reflected X-rays as a function of angle. X-ray reflectometry is used to determine the structure of thin-films.
The study of the interaction of a sample with radiation or particles for measurement or detection.
An information content entity that is output by an assay.
A plot of a measured quantity against some experimental parameter.
The process of the settling of particles (atoms or molecules) from a solution, suspension or vapour onto a pre-existing surface, resulting in the growth of a new phase.
A thin-film deposition technique based on the sequential reaction of gaseous precursors at a surface to produce a monolayer
The process of the settling of particles (atoms or molecules) from a solution or suspension onto a pre-existing surface, resulting in the growth of a new phase.
chemische Lösungsabscheidung
The process of the settling of (nm sized) particles from a colloidal suspension onto a pre-existing surface, resulting in ceramic materials. The desired solid particles (e.g. metal alkoxides) are suspended in a liquid, forming the 'sol', which is deposited on a substrate by spinning, dipping or coating, or transferred to a mould. The particles in the sol are polymerised by partial evaporation of the solvent, or addition of an initiator, forming the 'gel', which is then heated at high temperature to give the final solid product.
A synthesis method where the substrate is exposed to one or more volatile precursors, which react or decompose on the surface to produce a deposit.
CVD (chemical vapour deposition) synthesis
A synthesis method where the substrate is exposed to volatile precursors (one of which is an organometallic compound) which react or decompose on the surface to produce a deposit.
metal-organic chemical vapour deposition
organometallic chemical vapor deposition
organometallic chemical vapour deposition
metal–organic chemical vapour deposition
A synthesis method where the substrate is exposed to one or more volatile precursors, in the presence of a plasma (a partially ionised gas, containing free electrons), which react or decompose on the surface to produce a deposit. The plasma enhances the rate of reaction on the substrate surface.
plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition
plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition
plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition
plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition
plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition
plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition
A synthesis method which consists of depositing a monocrystalline film (from a molecular beam) on a monocrystalline substrate under high vacuum (<10^{-8} Pa). Molecular beam epitaxy is very slow, with a deposition rate of <1000 nm per hour.
A synthesis method where a flow of precursors is projected onto a surface, resulting in a deposit.
A synthesis method where an aerosol containing precursors is projected onto a surface, resulting in a deposit.
A synthesis method where a flow of carrier gas containing vaporised precursors is projected onto a surface, resulting in a deposit.
A synthesis method where a plasma (a partially ionised gas containing free electrons) containing precursors is projected onto a surface, resulting in a deposit.
A synthesis technique where vaporized molecules or atoms condense on a surface, forming a thin layer. The process is purely physical; no chemical reaction occurs at the surface.
A synthesis method where an electron beam is used to decompose gaseous molecules leading to deposition of a solid on a nearby substrate.
A synthesis technique where a high-power pulsed laser beam is focused (inside a vacuum chamber) onto a target of the desired composition. Material is then vaporized from the target ('ablation') and deposited as a thin-film on a substrate facing the target.
A synthesis technique where a solid target is bombarded with electrons or energetic ions (e.g. Ar+) causing atoms to be ejected ('sputtering'). The ejected atoms then deposit, as a thin-film, on a substrate.
The application of a thin cover to sample by immersing it in a tank containing coating material, allowing it to remain there for a certain 'dwell time', removing the piece from the tank ('withdrawal'), and allowing it to drain.
A coating method for applying a thin (<1 μm thickness) cover to flat substrates where an excess amount of coating solution (in a volatile solvent) is placed on the substrate, which is then rotated at high speed (8000 rpm) for approximately 30 s in order to spread the solution by centripetal force. The solvent then evaporates, leaving a thin-film.
Rotationsbeschichtung
The chemical degradation of a sample caused by spraying it, as a liquid mixture, onto a heated substrate.
Sprühpyrolyse
The process of chemically removing a thin layer from a sample surface, usually to leave behind a pattern.
The process of removing a thin layer of a sample surface by sputtering or dissolving using reactive ions or a vapour-phase etchant
The process of removing a thin layer of a sample surface using short pulses of a plasma (a partially ionised gas containing free electrons and radicals).
The process of removing a thin layer of a sample surface by bombarding it with energetic ions.
The combining of components, particles or layers into a more homogeneous state. The mixing may be achieved manually or mechanically by shifting the material with stirrers or pumps or by revolving or shaking the container. The process μst not permit segregation of particles of different size or properties. Homogeneity may be considered to have been achieved in a practical sense when the sampling error of the processed portion is negligible compared to the total error of the measurement system.
A method for the synthesis of solid particles from an aerosol. The desired solid particles are suspended in a liquid, which is heated to 275–330 °C under pressure and passed through an orifice so that an aerosol forms. The particles in the aerosol are polymerised by partial evaporation of the solvent.
The application of a thin cover to a sample by depositing consecutive drops of a solution on its surface, and allowing the solvent to evaporate.
Tropfbeschichtung
The application of a thin cover to sample by converting the coating solution to an aerosol then allowing the droplets to settle on the sample surface under the influence of gravity or using an electrostatic field.
Sprühbeschichtung
A sample preparation step involving the increase in temperature of a sample.
ought to be in OBI. Will put here pro tem.
A mixing step where a soluble component is mixed with a liquid component.
Mixing involving the agitation of a solution through circular motion.
Material processing in which a sample is cooled by immersion in a fluid.
a datum label that specifies units that are associated with a variable (if any) in a human-readable format.
unit label
objective specification
In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction.
A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved.
2009-03-16: original definition when imported from OBI read: "objective is an non realizable information entity which can serve as that proper part of a plan towards which the realization of the plan is directed."
2014-03-31: In the example of usage ("In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction") there is a protocol which is the ChIP assay protocol. In addition to being concretized on paper, the protocol can be concretized as a realizable entity, such as a plan that inheres in a person. The objective specification is the part that says that some protein and DNA interactions are identified. This is a specification of a process endpoint: the boundary in the process before which they are not identified and after which they are. During the realization of the plan, the goal is to get to the point of having the interactions, and participants in the realization of the plan try to do that.
Answers the question, why did you do this experiment?
PERSON: Barry Smith
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Jennifer Fostel
goal specification
OBI Plan and Planned Process/Roles Branch
Pour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2
A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take.
OBI Plan and Planned Process branch
action specification
datum label
A label is a symbol that is part of some other datum and is used to either partially define the denotation of that datum or to provide a means for identifying the datum as a member of the set of data with the same label
GROUP: IAO
9/22/11 BP: changed the rdfs:label for this class from 'label' to 'datum label' to convey that this class is not intended to cover all kinds of labels (stickers, radiolabels, etc.), and not even all kind of textual labels, but rather the kind of labels occuring in a datum.
data item
Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries.
An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers.
2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum.
2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym.
2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/
JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
PERSON: Jonathan Rees
data
symbol
a serial number such as "12324X"
a stop sign
a written proper name such as "OBI"
An information content entity that is a mark(s) or character(s) used as a conventional representation of another entity.
20091104, MC: this needs work and will most probably change
2014-03-31: We would like to have a deeper analysis of 'mark' and 'sign' in the future (see https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/154).
PERSON: James A. Overton
based on Oxford English Dictionary
information content entity
Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs.
A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.
2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ).
information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907). Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity.
10 feet. 3 ml.
A scalar measurement datum is a measurement datum that is composed of two parts, numerals and a unit label.
2009-03-16: we decided to keep datum singular in scalar measurement datum, as in this case we explicitly refer to the singular form
Would write this as: has_part some 'measurement unit label' and has_part some numeral and has_part exactly 2, except for the fact that this won't let us take advantage of OWL reasoning over the numbers. Instead use has measurment value property to represent the same. Use has measurement unit label (subproperty of has_part) so we can easily say that there is only one of them.
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
scalar measurement datum
An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process.
2009-03-16: provenance: a term realizable information entity was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000337) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was "is the specification of a process that can be concretized and realized by an actor" with alternative term "instruction".It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
2013-05-30 Alan Ruttenberg: What differentiates a directive information entity from an information concretization is that it can have concretizations that are either qualities or realizable entities. The concretizations that are realizable entities are created when an individual chooses to take up the direction, i.e. has the intention to (try to) realize it.
8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Changed label from "information entity about a realizable" after discussions at ICBO
Werner pushed back on calling it realizable information entity as it isn't realizable. However this name isn't right either. An example would be a recipe. The realizable entity would be a plan, but the information entity isn't about the plan, it, once concretized, *is* the plan. -Alan
directive information entity
algorithm
PMID: 18378114.Genomics. 2008 Mar 28. LINKGEN: A new algorithm to process data in genetic linkage studies.
A plan specification which describes the inputs and output of mathematical functions as well as workflow of execution for achieving an predefined objective. Algorithms are realized usually by means of implementation as computer programs for execution by automata.
Philippe Rocca-Serra
PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
adapted from discussion on OBI list (Matthew Pocock, Christian Cocos, Alan Ruttenberg)
data format specification
A data format specification is the information content borne by the document published defining the specification. Example: The ISO document specifying what encompasses an XML document; The instructions in a XSD file
2009-03-16: provenance: term imported from OBI_0000187, which had original definition "A data format specification is a plan which organizes information. Example: The ISO document specifying what encompasses an XML document; The instructions in a XSD file"
OBI branch derived
data set
Intensity values in a CEL file or from multiple CEL files comprise a data set (as opposed to the CEL files themselves).
A data item that is an aggregate of other data items of the same type that have something in common. Averages and distributions can be determined for data sets.
2009/10/23 Alan Ruttenberg. The intention is that this term represent collections of like data. So this isn't for, e.g. the whole contents of a cel file, which includes parameters, metadata etc. This is more like java arrays of a certain rather specific type
2014-05-05: Data sets are aggregates and thus must include two or more data items. We have chosen not to add logical axioms to make this restriction.
person:Allyson Lister
person:Chris Stoeckert
image
An image is an affine projection to a two dimensional surface, of measurements of some quality of an entity or entities repeated at regular intervals across a spatial range, where the measurements are represented as color and luminosity on the projected on surface.
plan specification
PMID: 18323827.Nat Med. 2008 Mar;14(3):226.New plan proposed to help resolve conflicting medical advice.
A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts that, when concretized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified.
2009-03-16: provenance: a term a plan was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000344) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was " a plan is a specification of a process that is realized by an actor to achieve the objective specified as part of the plan". It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
2014-03-31: A plan specification can have other parts, such as conditional specifications.
Alternative previous definition: a plan is a set of instructions that specify how an objective should be achieved
2/3/2009 Comment from OBI review. Action specification not well enough specified. Conditional specification not well enough specified. Question whether all plan specifications have objective specifications. Request that IAO either clarify these or change definitions not to use them
measurement datum
Examples of measurement data are the recoding of the weight of a mouse as {40,mass,"grams"}, the recording of an observation of the behavior of the mouse {,process,"agitated"}, the recording of the expression level of a gene as measured through the process of microarray experiment {3.4,luminosity,}.
A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device.
2/2/2009 is_specified_output of some assay?
A settings datum is a datum that denotes some configuration of an instrument.
2/3/2009 Feedback from OBI This should be a "setting specification". There is a question of whether it is information about a realizable or not. Pro other specification are about realizables. Cons sometimes specifies a quality which is not a realizable.
Alan grouped these in placeholder for the moment. Name by analogy to measurement datum.
setting datum
A scalar measurement datum that is the result of measurement of length quality
length measurement datum
A scalar measurement datum that is the result of measurement of mass quality
2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case
mass measurement datum
A scalar measurement datum that is the result of measuring a temporal interval
time measurement datum
a measurement datum that contains the result of some measurement process and additional information about the point in time at which the measurement datum has been collected
time stamped measurement datum
pmid:20604925 - time-lapse live cell microscopy
A data set that is an aggregate of data recording some measurement at a number of time points. The time series data set is an ordered list of pairs of time measurement data and the corresponding measurement data acquired at that time.
experimental time series
time sampled measurement data set
planned process
A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
processed material
Examples include gel matrices, filter paper, parafilm and buffer solutions, mass spectrometer, tissue samples
Is a material entity that is created or changed during material processing.
evaluant role
When a specimen of blood is assayed for glucose concentration, the blood has the evaluant role. When measuring the mass of a mouse, the evaluant is the mouse. When measuring the time of DNA replication, the evaluant is the DNA. When measuring the intensity of light on a surface, the evaluant is the light source.
a role that inheres in a material entity that is realized in an assay in which data is generated about the bearer of the evaluant role
Role call - 17nov-08: JF and MC think an evaluant role is always specified input of a process. Even in the case where we have an assay taking blood as evaluant and outputting blood, the blood is not the specified output at the end of the assay (the concentration of glucose in the blood is)
examples of features that could be described in an evaluant: quality.... e.g. "contains 10 pg/ml IL2", or "no glucose detected")
Feb 10, 2009. changes after discussion at OBI Consortium Workshop Feb 2-6, 2009. accepted as core term.
assay
Assay the wavelength of light emitted by excited Neon atoms. Count of geese flying over a house.
A planned process with the objective to produce information about the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies.
12/3/12: BP: the reference to the 'physical examination' is included to point out that a prediction is not an assay, as that does not require physical examiniation.
measuring
scientific observation
Buffer, dye, a catalyst, a solvating agent.
A role inhering in a biological or chemical entity that is intended to be applied in a scientific technique to participate (or have molecular components that participate) in a chemical reaction that facilitates the generation of data about some entity distinct from the bearer, or the generation of some specified material output distinct from the bearer.
PERSON:Matthew Brush
Feb 10, 2009. changes after discussion at OBI Consortium Workshop Feb 2-6, 2009. accepted as core term. May 28 2013. Updated definition taken from ReO based on discussions initiated in Philly 2011 workshop. Former defnition described a narrower view of reagents in chemistry that restricts bearers of the role to be chemical entities ("a role played by a molecular entity used to produce a chemical reaction to detect, measure, or produce other substances"). Updated definition allows for broader view of reagents in the domain of biomedical research to include larger materials that have parts that participate chemically in a molecular reaction or interaction.
(copied from ReO) Reagents are distinguished from instruments or devices that also participate in scientific techniques by the fact that reagents are chemical or biological in nature and necessarily participate in or have parts that participate in some chemical interaction or reaction during their intended participation in some technique. By contrast, instruments do not participate in a chemical reaction/interaction during the technique. Reagents are distinguished from study subjects/evaluants in that study subjects and evaluants are that about which conclusions are drawn and knowledge is sought in an investigation - while reagents, by definition, are not. It should be noted, however, that reagent and study subject/evaluant roles can be borne by instances of the same type of material entity - but a given instance will realize only one of these roles in the execution of a given assay or technique. For example, taq polymerase can bear a reagent role or an evaluant role. In a DNA sequencing assay aimed at generating sequence data about some plasmid, the reagent role of the taq polymerase is realized. In an assay to evaluate the quality of the taq polymerase itself, the evaluant/study subject role of the taq is realized, but not the reagent role since the taq is the subject about which data is generated. In regard to the statement that reagents are 'distinct' from the specified outputs of a technique, note that a reagent may be incorporated into a material output of a technique, as long as the IDENTITY of this output is distinct from that of the bearer of the reagent role. For example, dNTPs input into a PCR are reagents that become part of the material output of this technique, but this output has a new identity (ie that of a 'nucleic acid molecule') that is distinct from the identity of the dNTPs that comprise it. Similarly, a biotin molecule input into a cell labeling technique are reagents that become part of the specified output, but the identity of the output is that of some modified cell specimen which shares identity with the input unmodified cell specimen, and not with the biotin label. Thus, we see that an important criteria of 'reagent-ness' is that it is a facilitator, and not the primary focus of an investigation or material processing technique (ie not the specified subject/evaluant about which knowledge is sought, or the specified output material of the technique).
reagent role
A cell lysis, production of a cloning vector, creating a buffer.
A planned process which results in physical changes in a specified input material
material transformation
material processing
An assay that produces a picture of an entity.
An imaging assay is an assay to produce a picture of an entity.
The process of a scientist thinking about and deciding what reagents to use as part of a protocol for an experiment. Note that the scientist could be human or a "robot scientist" executing software.
a process of creating or modifying a plan specification
7/18/2011 BP: planning used to itself be a planned process. Barry Smith pointed out that this would lead to an infinite regression, as there would have to be a plan to conduct a planning process, which in itself would be the result of planning etc. Therefore, the restrictions on 'planning' were loosened to allow for informal processes that result in an 'ad hoc plan '. This required changing from 'has_specified_output some plan specifiction' to 'has_participant some plan specification'.
planning
light emission function
A light emission function is an excitation function to excite a material to a specific excitation state that it emits light.
material separation function
A material separation function is a function that increases the resolution between two or more material entities. The to distinction between the entities is usually based on some associated physical quality.
excitation function
A excitation function is a function to inject energy by bombarding a material with energetic particles (e.g., photons) thereby imbuing internal material components such as electrons with additional energy. These internal, 'excited' particles may lead to the rupturing of covalent chemical bonds or may quickly relax back to there unexcited state with an exponential time course thereby locally emitting energy in the form of photons.
filter function
A filter function is a function to prevent the flow of certain entities based on a quality or qualities of the entity while allowing entities which have different qualities to pass through
the objective to determine the weight of a mouse.
an objective specification to determine a specified type of information about an evaluated entity (the material entity bearing evaluant role)
assay objective
The objective to create a mouse infected with LCM virus. The objective to create a defined solution of PBS.
an objective specifiction that creates an specific output object from input materials.
artifact creation objective
material transformation objective
is the objective to manufacture a material of a certain function (device)
manufacturing objective
An objective specification maintains some or all of the qualities of a material over time.
A process with that achieves the objective to maintain some or all of the characteristics of an input material over time.
a process with that achieves the objective to maintain some or all of the characteristics of an input material over time
A device with a separation function realized in a planed process
A voltmeter is a measurement device which is intended to perform some measure function.
An autoclave is a device that sterlizes instruments or contaminated waste by applying high temperature and pressure.
A material entity that is designed to perform a function in a scientific investigation, but is not a reagent.
2012-12-17 JAO: In common lab usage, there is a distinction made between devices and reagents that is difficult to model. Therefore we have chosen to specifically exclude reagents from the definition of "device", and are enumerating the types of roles that a reagent can perform. 2013-6-5 MHB: The following clarifications are outcomes of the May 2013 Philly Workshop. Reagents are distinguished from devices that also participate in scientific techniques by the fact that reagents are chemical or biological in nature and necessarily participate in some chemical interaction or reaction during the realization of their experimental role. By contrast, devices do not participate in such chemical reactions/interactions. Note that there are cases where devices use reagent components during their operation, where the reagent-device distinction is less clear. For example: (1) An HPLC machine is considered a device, but has a column that holds a stationary phase resin as an operational component. This resin qualifies as a device if it participates purely in size exclusion, but bears a reagent role that is realized in the running of a column if it interacts electrostatically or chemically with the evaluant. The container the resin is in (“the column”) considered alone is a device. So the entire column as well as the entire HPLC machine are devices that have a reagent as an operating part. (2) A pH meter is a device, but its electrode component bears a reagent role in virtue of its interacting directly with the evaluant in execution of an assay. (3) A gel running box is a device that has a metallic lead as a component that participates in a chemical reaction with the running buffer when a charge is passed through it. This metallic lead is considered to have a reagent role as a component of this device realized in the running of a gel. In the examples above, a reagent is an operational component of a device, but the device itself does not realize a reagent role (as bearing a reagent role is not transitive across the part_of relation). In this way, the asserted disjointness between a reagent and device holds, as both roles are never realized in the same bearer during execution of an assay.
A light source is an optical subsystem that provides light for use in a distant area using a delivery system (e.g., fiber optics)
A device which has a function to emit light.
A device that is used to generate X-rays.
selection criterion
rats should be aged between 6 and 8 weeks and weight between 180-250grams
A directive information entity which defines and states a principle of standard by which selection process may take place.
Person: Philippe Rocca-Serra
selection rule
OBI discussion summarized under the following tracker item : http://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/678/
selection
PMID: 24023800. In this study, a set of eleven genes (VATP16, 60 S, UQCC, SMD3, EF1α, UBQ, SAND, GAPDH, ACT, PsaB, PTB2) was evaluated to identify reference genes during the first hours of interaction (6, 12, 18 and 24 hpi) between two V. vinifera genotypes and P. viticola. Two analyses were used for the selection of reference genes: direct comparison of susceptible, Trincadeira, and resistant, Regent, V. vinifera cultivars at 0 h, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours post inoculation with P. viticola (genotype effect); and comparison of each genotype with mock inoculated samples during inoculation time-course (biotic stress effect). Three statistical methods were used, GeNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper, allowing to identify UBQ, EF1α and GAPDH as the most stable genes for the genotype effect.
A planned process which results in the creation of group of entity from a larger group by the application of predefined criteria.
this term refers to a planned process and therefore is distinct from the notion of 'natural selection', a process covering the operation of natural causes by which those individuals of a species that are best adapted to the environment tend to be preserved and to transmit their characters, while those less adapted die out, so that in the course of generations the degree of adaptation to the environment tends progressively to increase. (as defined by Oxford English Dictionary)
selection process
OBI
A light source that provides ultraviolet (UV) light for use in a distant area using a delivery system.
A light source that provides visible light for use in a distant area using a delivery system.
A light source that light is produced from solar energy.
data transformation
A planned process that produces output data from input data.
data processing
data transformation objective
normalize objective
An objective specification to transformation input data into output data
Modified definition in 2013 Philly OBI workshop
James Malone
PERSON: James Malone
PMID: 18550121.Total Prostate Specific Antigen Stability Confirmed After Long-Term Storage of Serum at -80C. J Urol. 2008 Jun 10.
A maintenance process by which material entities that are not actively metabolizing are placed in well identified location and possibly under controlled environment in ad-hoc devices/structures in order to preserve and protect them from decay/alteration and maintain availability
A maintenance process by which material entities that are not actively metabolizing are placed in well identified location and possibly under controlled environment in ad-hoc devices/structures in order to preserve and protect them from decay/alteration and maintain availability.
storage
A band pass filter is an optical filter that passes wavelengths of light within a certain range and rejects (attenuates) frequencies outside that range. The passed wavelengths are indicated in the specifications of the filter and its name. A 480/20 band-pass filter pass light with at wavelengths of 460 to 500 nm and attenuates all others.
A laser is the most common way to irradiate a cell in a flow cytometer.
A laser (acronym for light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation) is a light source that emits photons of the same characteristics in a coherent beam. A laser uses a solid, liquid or gaseous lasing medium, that contains molecules, of which some atoms have electrons that emit photons of the same frequency when falling back to their normal orbital after excitation (pumping) by external means A laser is the most common way to irradiate a cell in a flow cytometer.
light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation
A light source is an optical subsystem that provides light for use in a distant area using a delivery system (e.g., fiber optics). Light sources may include one of a variety of lamps (e.g., xenon, halogen, mercury). Most light sources are operated from line power, but some may be powered from batteries. They are mostly used in endoscopic, microscopic, and other examination and/or in surgical procedures. The light source is part of the optical subsystem. In a flow cytometer the light source directs high intensity light at particles at the interrogation point. The light source in a flow cytometer is usually a laser.
Practical Flow Cytometry 4th Edition, Howard Shapiro, ISBN-10: 0471411256, ISBN-13: 978-0471411253
A long pass filter is an optical filter that passes high wavelengths of light but attenuates (or reduces) wavelengths lower than the cutoff frequency. A long pass filter with a cutoff of 500 nm would pass all wavelengths greater than 500 nm.
An optical filter is an optical subsystem that selectively transmits light having certain properties (often, a particular range of wavelengths, that is, range of colours of light), while blocking the remainder. They are commonly used in photography, in many optical instruments, and to colour stage lighting Optical filters can be arranged to segregate and collect light by wave length.
A short pass filter is an optical filter that passes low wavelengths of light but attenuates (or reduces) wavelengths higher than the cutoff frequency. A short pass filter with a cutoff of 500 nm would pass all wavelengths less than 500 nm.
acquisition
Downloading a 3D structure from the PDB. Purchasing antibodies from sigma.
the planned process of gaining possession of a continuant
5/31/2012 - OBI workshop: This process is not implying ownership of the material / information.
Following OBI call November 2012,5th: addition of a restriction to acquisition class to capture the need of having selection criteria Relates to the creation of a class 'selection rule'
Bjoern Peters
IEDB
This needs to be fleshed out and logical definitions added that will allow to place the children terms automatically under acquisition
material acquisition
Acquiring 50 C57BL/6 mice bred in the animal facility of the institute as a service to investigators. Purchasing 1 mg of peptides synthesized by Mimotopes at 80% purity. Getting a gift of purified CD4+ specific antibodies presented by Stephen Schoenberger at LIAI.
An acquisition in which possession of a material entity is gained.
The assumption is that the object already exists in its current state, e.g, an available mouse strain purchased from the Jackson Lab, this is the differentia from specimen creation
This excludes processes that create or change materials, such as material transformations.
Bjoern Peters, Alan Ruttenberg, Helen Parkinson
information acquisition
Gathering all influenza HA sequences from GenBank, Retrieveing HLA allele frequencies in the North American populations from dbMHC
An acquisition in which possession of information is gained.
This excludes processes that create or change information, such as assays and data transformations.
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's scalar absolute value of the rate of change of the bearer's position.
A single physical entity inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's quantities or relative ratios of subparts.
For example calcium composition (which may inhere in bone), haemoglobin composition (which may inhere in blood).
A quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance.
A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the number of the bearer's repetitive actions in a particular time.
A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure.
A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc).
Shapes are invariant on size transformations. Shapes can be subdivided into 2D and 3D shapes, We can also make a distinction between shapes of complete self-connected objects, and shapes of parts of objects.
A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude.
A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's vertical dimension of extension.
A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points.
Length often refers to the longer or longest dimension of an object, however, this is not always true. See https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/337 for full discussion.
A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter.
A physical quality inhering in a bearer that has mass near a gravitational body. Important usage note: Note that this ontology has a class for a similar concept, mass (PATO:0000125). Mass and weight are not equivalent. For most use cases, the class mass is strongly preferred over weight.
For any biological use of PATO, the concept that should be used is 'mass' and not 'weight'. For example, increased weight of an organism.
A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's placement which is defined by the angle between the bearer and an axis, or the angle between the bearer and another object.
A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity.
A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form.
A physical quality of the thermal energy of a system.
A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence per unit time.
A quality in which events occur in sequence.
A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width.
Thickness often refers to the smallest 1-D extent compared to the other two orthogonal dimensions, however, this is not always true. See https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/337 for full discussion.
A 3-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of 3-dimensional space it occupies.
A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance from one side of an object to another side which is opposite.
Width often refers to the dimension that is greater than the extent in only one of the other two orthogonal dimensions, however, this is not always true. See https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/337 for full discussion.
A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities.
A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of some influence is exerted by the bearer's mass per unit size.
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's capacity to do work.
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's rate of doing work.
A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of force per unit area it exerts.
A physical quality which is equal to the energy transferred by a force to a moving object.
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the rate of change of the bearer's velocity in either speed or direction.
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of ratio of the bearer's output to the bearer's input.
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's rate of change of momentum.
See comments of relational quality of a physical entity.
A quality which inheres in a continuant.
A physical quality which is equal to the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern.
A process quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of the temporal extent between the starting and ending point.
A 2-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's two dimensional extent.
A length quality which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes through the center of a circle and whose endpoints are on the circular boundary.
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the rate of change of the bearer's angular velocity.
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the rate of the bearer's angular movement about an axis; the angle rotated in a given time.
A quality that is equal to the potential energy per unit charge associated with a static (time-invariant) electric field, also called the electrostatic potential.
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity consisting of particles that have neither a defined volume nor defined shape.
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's motion characteristic.
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to transmit of an entity through a medium.
Examples could be heat or electricity or sound.
A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's downward or backward or inward dimension.
A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in one dimension.
A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in two dimensions.
A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in three dimensions.
An 1-D extent quality inhering in two-dimensional bearer by virtue of being equal to the distance around it.
A conductivity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to spontaneous transfer of thermal energy from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature.
A conductivity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to convey electricity.
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's participation in movement.
A composition quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being composed of more than one identifiable entities.
A quality which inheres in a molecular entity, a single molecule, atom, ion, radical etc.
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution.
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's rate of change of the position.
A physical quality inhering in a fluid (liquid or gas) by virtue of the amount of fluid which passes through a given surface per unit time.
A flow rate quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the mass of substance which passes through a given surface per unit time.
An orientation inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's placement at an angle.
A length quality which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes from the center of a circle to any endpoint on the circular boundary. The radius is half of the diameter.
A quality inhering in air by virtue of the partial pressure exerted by the bearer's water vapour content.
The number of repeated events per unit time, occurring in a repeating series. (e.g. the number of heart beats occurring over 1 minute)
A unit which is a standard measure of the distance between two points.
"A unit which is a standard measure of the distance between two points." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of matter/energy of a physical object.
"A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of matter/energy of a physical object." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
A unit which is a standard measure of the dimension in which events occur in sequence.
"A unit which is a standard measure of the dimension in which events occur in sequence." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the flow of electric charge." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is one of a particular measure to which all measures of that type can be related." [NIST:NIST]
An indication of the type of unit of measure being used to express an area.
area unit
A unit of the rate of change of linear or angular velocity with respect to time.
"A unit which is a standard measure of the rate of change of angular velocity." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
angular acceleration unit
"A unit which represents a standard measurement of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance." [UOC:GVG]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the rate of movement. Speed is measured in the same physical units of measurement as velocity, but does not contain the element of direction that velocity has. Speed is thus the magnitude component of velocity." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of space occupied by any substance, whether solid, liquid, or gas." [NIST:NIST]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the number of repetitive actions in a particular time." [NIST:NIST]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the force applied to a given area." [NIST:NIST]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the work done by a certain force (gravitational, electric, magnetic, force of inertia, etc)." [NIST:NIST]
"A unit which is a standard measure power or the rate of doing work." [NIST:NIST]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the figure or space formed by the junction of two lines or planes." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
angle unit
"A unit which is a standard measure of the influence exerted by some mass." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of physical quantity consisting of only a numerical number without any units." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the work done per unit charge as a charge is moved between two points in an electric field." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the quantity of unbalanced electricity in a body (either positive or negative) and construed as an excess or deficiency of electrons." [WordNet:WordNet]
"A unit which is a standard measure of the volume of fluid which passes through a given surface per unit time ." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit which represents a standard measurement occurrence of a process per unit time." [UOC:GVG]
A cell is a sample, which is an electronic device that converts the energy of light directly into electrical energy by using the photovoltaic effect.
Device
PV Cell
Photovoltaic cell
Photovoltaische Zelle
Solarzelle
Zelle
solar cell
A Non photo-absorber Layer that is the base material on which processing is conducted.
A surface onto which a coating might be deposited.
Carrier
A non photo-absorber layer that ensure contacting to the external electrical circuit situated at the back of a solar cell.
Back contact
A composition of at least two materials in which the concentrations are comparable.
Mixture of raw materials
A non photo-absorber layer that is placed in between a back contact and an electron transport layer to avoid electrodes from arcing.
Mehrdad Mehdizadeh. 2009. Microwave/RF Applicators and Probes for Material Heating, Sensing, and Plasma Generation. ScienceDirect.
Buffer layer
a non photo-absorber layer that connects to the external electrical circuit situated at the front of a solar cell.
Front contact
a flat fiat object part, constitutet as a film of molecules on or in a object
Schicht
layer
A layer whose role is absorbing light and generating charge pairs.
Photo absorber layer
A layer whose role is not absorbing light and generating charge pairs.
Non photo-absorber layer
A layer between a substrate and a perovskite in nip-device or between perovskite and a back contact in pin-device
Electron transport layer
Hole transport layer
a non photo-absorber layer that decreases the reflectivity of an object
Antireflective coating
a layer that converts high-energy photons into low-energy photons and vice versa
SISER (Scottish Institute for Solar Energy Research). (21.04.2023). Up and Down-conversion for Solar cells. Retrieved from: https://www.siser.ac.uk/research/next-generation/up-and-down-conversion.
Conversion layer
describes the distance between individual cells in a module
Cell spacing
Back reflection
Dielectric mirror
Down conversion
a layer role that describes the purpose of some layer to divide it from other layers
Encapsulation
Light management
Upconversion
the role of a thin-film
Layer role
A planned process to expose an entity to some light.
illumination process
Perovskit
a photo absorber layer based on the component perovskite
perovskite layer
Doped raw material
A liquid that dissolves or that is capable of dissolving; the component of a solution that is present in greater amount.
solvent
Mixture of solvents
a solar cell that is made from non-carbon based molecules
Anorganische Solarzelle
Inorganic cell
a solalr cell that contains at least one organic semiconductor in the cell active region
Organische Solarzelle
Brabec, C.J., Gowrisanker, S., Halls, J.J.M.,Laird, D., Jia, S., and Williams, S.P. (2010)Polymer–fullerene bulk-heterojunctionsolar cells.Adv. Mater.,22, 3839–3856.2Sariciftci, N.S., Smilowitz, L., Heeger,
Organic cell
a solar cell that contains both organic and inorganic materials
Hybrid-Solarzelle
Inorganic material is used as the acceptor and electron transporter.
Organic material is used as light absorber, donor and transports holes.
Hybrid cell
Inorganic p-n homojunction
is the gap in energy between the bound state and the free state, between the valence band and conduction band. Therefore it is the minimum amount of energy required for an electron to break free of its bound state.
PVeducation. Retreived from: https://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/pn-junctions/band-gap. Date of retrieval: 27.04.2023
Bandgap
Direct bandgap
Indirect bandgap
Innermaterial process
passive transport of molecules from places with higher concentration to places with lower concentration
Spektrum. (2000). Diffusion. Retrieved from: https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/neurowissenschaft/diffusion/2845
Diffusion
Charge transport
Charge hopping
An area where multiple conductors or semiconductors make physical contact.
Junction
a junction that occurs between similar materials
Homo-junction
a junction between different kinds of material
Hetero-junction
Schottky-junction
Photon energy
Electric energy
Elektrische Stromstärke
"Electric Current" is the flow (movement) of electric charge. The amount of electric current through some surface, for example, a section through a copper conductor, is defined as the amount of electric charge flowing through that surface over time. Current is a scalar-valued quantity. Electric current is one of the base quantities in the International System of Quantities, ISQ, on which the International System of Units, SI, is based.
https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrent 24.10.2022 10:24
current
Elektrische Stromdichte
is a measure of the density of flow of electric charge; it is the electric current per unit area of cross section.
current density
a material processing which deposits thin layers onto an material entity
layer deposition
a process to remove impurities from an object cleaning is a material processing, with the objective of removing impurities and contaminants from some material entity
Reinigen
cleaning
Schlitzdüsenbeschichtung
a coating technique, where the solution (ink) is delievered through a precise coating head (slot die)
slot die coating
a spectroscopy assay, that measures the number of electrons collected per per photon incident on the solar cell
external quantum efficiency measurement
iv measurement is a scanning process to determine a electric devices characteristics and performance
Current-Voltage measurement
University of Warwick Department of Physics.Retrieved from: https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/physics/current/postgraduate/regs/mpagswarwick/ex5/techniques/electronic/iv/ (31.03.2023, 12:54)
iv measurement
Hole transportation
Electron transportation
Energy conversion
Multi-junction solar cell
Tandem Solarzelle
a cell, that consists of multiple cells that are capable of absorbing different frequencies of light
tandem cell
electromagnetic radiation that can be witnessed by the human eye
Licht
light
According to the quantum theory of radiation, the elementary quantities of radiant energy. They are regarded as discrete quantities having a momentum equal to hv/c, where h is the Planck constant, v is the frequency of the radiation, and c is the speed of light in a vacuum. Photons are never at rest, have no electric charges and no magnetic moments, but they have spin moments. The energy of a photon (the unit quantum of energy) is equal to hv.
Nasa Scientific and Technical Information Program Office. NASA Thesaurus. January 2012.
Photon
Is a innermaterial process in which a bound electron is pushed to a higher energy level without removing it from the atomic shell
Elektronenanregung
Electron excitation
thermal annealing
total area
the area of a photovoltaic device which is active in the conversion of light to current
active area
a solution handling , in which some solution is controlled dropwise released
dispensing
roughness
Luftfeuchtigkeit
Relative Humidity is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor in an air-water mixture to the saturated vapor pressure of water at a precise temperature. The relative humidity of air depends not only on temperature but also on the pressure of the system of interest.
https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeHumidity 24.10.2022 10:44
relative humidity
the gaseous material entity that surrounds a process/object
Atmosphäre
atmosphere
Minimal cell bending radius
Maximal semi transparent wavelength
Minimal semi transparent wavelength
The stack sequence of some solar cell
the architecture of some solar cell
solar cell architecture
a solar cell boolean quality that describes the ability of some bearer to be turned, twisted or bend without breaking
Is flexible
a solar cell boolean quality that describes if an object is partially transparent
Is semitransparent
A transmittance is a physical object quantity that quantifies the ratio of the transmitted radiant power (P_λ) to that incident on the sample (P0_λ): T = P_λ/ P0_λ.
Transmission
Durchlässigkeit
transmittance
average visible transmittance
Modul
a object consisting of multiple cells
solar module
Pipetting
solution aspirating is the process of solution handling that is to draw an amount of a liquid by suction
Solution aspiration
Anlassen
Glühen
Thermische Behandlung
A heat treatment that alters the microstructure of a material causing changes in its properties such as strength and hardness
annealing
is the electric potential at zero current
Md. Shahiduzzaman, Md. Hossain, Mohammad Ismail. (2022). Organometal halide perovskite photovoltaics. In Md. Akhtaruzzaman Comprehensive Guide on Organic and Inorganic Solar Cells
open circuit voltage
PLI
photoluminescence (PL) imaging
photovoltaic device efficiency
Mechanical etching
is an etching process, that uses a laser to remove a thin layer of a sample surface
Laser etching
the solvent cleaning is a cleaning process, that utilizes some solvent to remove impurities and contaminants from some material entity
Lösungsmittelreinigung
solvent cleaning
the ultraviolet cleaning is a cleaning process, that utilizes some ultraviolet radiation to remove impurities and contaminants from some material entity
UV-Reinigung
uv cleaning
ultraviolet cleaning
the plasma cleaning is a cleaning process, that utilizes some energetic plasma to remove impurities and contaminants from some material entity
Plasmareinigung
plasma cleaning
Solution synthesis is a synthesis process, where some solvents, solutions and/or solutes are mixed together in specified ratios to produce a new solution.
solution manufacturing
a solution manufacturing process, in which substances are mixed, blended or agitated in a container by short rapid motions
Schütteln
shaking
A quantitative assessment of the homogeneity or uniformity of a mixture. Alternatively, purity refers to the degree of being free of contaminants or heterogeneous components.
purity
solvent annealing
anti solvent quenching is a sample quenching method, that uses some anti solvent to affect the crystallization of some layer
anti solvent quenching
a solution manufacturing process, in which substrate are mixed, blended or agitated via ultrasound
ultrasonic
the soap cleaning is a cleaning process, that utilizes some lipophilic solution to remove impurities and contaminants from some material entity
Seifenreinigung
soap cleaning
a cleaning process, that uses ultrasound to remove impurities the ultrasonic bath is a cleaning process, that utilizes ultrasound to stimulate some fluid to remove impurities and contaminants from some material entity
Ultraschallbad
utrasonic bath
A substance that is added to a system or compound to improve its characteristics.
Doping material
Additive
is a wet chemical deposition in which a layer is deposited by dipping the substrate into a solution, that contains the chemical of interest.
CBD
Chemical Solution deposition
Chemische Badabscheidung
Chemical bath deposition
the temperrature of a substrate for example in a measurement process
device temperature
Zeit
Time is a basic component of the measuring system used to sequence events, to compare the durations of events and the intervals between them, and to quantify the motions of objects.
https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Time 24.10.2022 10:42
time range
process time
temperature quality of a process
Partial pressure is the component of total pressure associated with a specific gas species
partial pressure
perovscite boolean quality
Is single crystal
Is zero dimensional
Is two dimensional
Is 2D/3D mixture
Is three dimensional
Is 3D with 2D capping layer
Has ABC3 structure
Has perovscite inspired structure
A ratio is a relational quality that is the proportion of the magnitude of two qualities of the same kind.
Ratio
Mixing ratio
gas quenching is a sample quenching method, that uses some gas to affect the crystallization of some layer
gas quenching
A solute is a substance that becomes dissolved in a solvent.
solute
A solid substance in the form of tiny loose particles; a solid that has been pulverized.
Powder
precursor ink
precursor solution
Encapsulation layer
doped precursor solution
is a molecular quality, that describes the ratio between the amounts of moles in two chemicals involved in a chemical process.
Molar Ratio
A chemical formula is a symbol representing the chemical structure of an chemical substance.
Chemical formula
the total pressure is the sum of partial pressures for all gas species contributing in a particular location where the pressure is measured
total pressure
The time since last planned process is the time range from the end time point of the last planned process until now.
time since last process
Zertifiziert
certified
a planned process to determine the deviation of another entity
calibration
a physical object quality that describes the property of a object or substance of resisting or opposing the flow of an electrical current.
Widerstand
resistance
shunt resistance
series resistance
current density maximum power point
voltage maximum power point
The fill factor is a measure of quality of a solar cell. It can be calculated by dividing the power at the maximum power point (MPP) divided by the open circuit voltage (Voc) and the short circuit current (Isc).
Füllfaktor
fill factor
short circuit current density
Solution dispense
Logistical processing is a material processing where a material entity is oved around in space.
logistical processing
Mask area
is a orientation quality, that describes the direction from which light falls onto an object either by moving the illuminated object of the light source.
illumination direction
Scan speed
Delay time
is a quality, that describes the power transfered per area unit
Intensität
Tipler, Paul A.. Mosca, Gene. 2019. Physik für Studierende der Naturwissenschaften und Technik. Springer Spektrum.
intensity
is a physical quality, that indicates the intensity of some light
light intensity
Pumping
Syringe pumping
integrated current density
Ink jetting
Stability measurement
Load condition
a process quality that specifies the ultraviolet filter used in some process
ultraviolett filter used
Cycling time
a material process moving a solution around
solution handling
a data tranformation output, that interprets a measurement output to calculate a devices deviation
calibration data
a data transformation process, which interprets the raw experimental data of an jv measurement
jv analysis
shaking rate
the hotplate temperature is a temperature, that describes the temperature of some hotplate
hotplate temperature
is a setting datum, which indicates the settings for the rotation acceleration
rotation acceleration setting datum
An iv curve is a tabular data which consists of two columns voltage and current. It is the result of an iv measurement. The voltage is set by the voltage setting datums and the current is measured.
i-v curve
current-voltage curve
plate spacing
is a setting datum, which indicates the settings for the rotation speed
rotation speed setting datum
is a setting datum, that specifies the duration of some occurent
duration setting datum
the gathering of data or some images with a sensing device
scan
a physical vapour deposition in which the evaporation process is supported by heat
thermal physical vapour deposition
Laser energy
the logged assay output of an external quantum efficiency measurement
eqe curve
external quantum efficiency curve
Elektrische Leistung
Electric Power is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit.
electric power
Volumetric Flow Rate is the volume of fluid which passes through a given surface per unit time
volumetric flow rate
final temperature
heating rate
a data item that describes the returned data from an data transformation
data transformation output
the photovoltaic device efficiency datum is a scalar datum, that quantifies the efficiency of some photovoltaic device
photovoltaic device efficiency datum
Aspiration speed
Dispense speed
Aspiration acceleration is the acceleration, with which an liquid of gas gets sucked into an object.
aspiration acceleration
Dispense acceleration is the acceleration, which which an liquid or gas gets pushed out of an object.
dispense acceleration
scalar datums are data items, that are represented by a numerical part and a unit part
scalar datum
a conversion layer that converts two or more low-energy photons into one high-energy photons
Up conversion layer
a conversion layer that converts one high-energy photons into two or more low-energy photons
Down conversion layer
Kupfer-Indium-Gallium-Diselenid
copper indium gallium selenide solar cell
is a photo absorber layer based on the components copper, indium, gallium and selenide
CIGS
a speed quality that describes the inheriting speed of a bearer traveling in circular motion around some point
Rotation speed
Außendruck
Ambient pressure
A unit for measurement of electrical charge
current unit
solar cell morphology
a algorithm that specifies the transformation of some data into another data format
data processing algorithm
data transforming algorithm
Analytisches Modell
Analytical model
a setting datum, that specifies the positioning of the light source in relation to the sample
illumination direction setting datum
wavelength step size
is a setting datum, which indicates the settings for the light intensity
light intensity setting datum
pvd source
is a setting datum, which specifies the settiing of some time range
time range setting datum
Emulsion
A chemical composition is a list of symbols of some chemical entity which lists the chemical elements.
Chemical composition
the cycling time setting datum is a setting datum, that specifies some cycling time
cycling time setting datum
is a setting datum, which indicates the settings for the wavelength
wavelength setting datum
is a setting datum, which indicates the settings for the load balance
load balance setting datum
a device that can transforms light into electricity via the photovoltaic effect
photovoltaic device
Sublayer
a functional layer is a layer that is capable of fullfilling some function
Functional layer
solar cell boolean quality
is a rate, that indicates the quantity of measurements per time unit
scan rate
a scan rate, that indicates the voltage increase or decrease
scan rate voltage
vacuum quenching is a sample quenching method, that affects the crystallization of some layer by reducing the pressure around the substrate
vacuum quenching
Rotation acceleration
the fill factor datum is a scalar datum, that quantifies some fill factor
fill factor datum
are layer deposition processes, which use precursors in liquid state
Wet chemical deposition
Vapor deposition generally refers to the deposition of a material on to a substrate by use of the gaseous phase of the depositing material.
ScienceDirect. Retrieved from: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiin6aHuIb-AhW5cvEDHReDA9IQFnoECA8QAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Ftopics%2Fengineering%2Fvapour-deposition&usg=AOvVaw093gJPkrnyIbgFp85mVr1R Date: 31.03.2023
Gasphasenabscheidung
vapour phase deposition
Tintenstrahldruck
a wet chemical deposition method, which deposits a liquid precursor (ink) onto a substrate by jetting it through a print head.
ink jet printing
Tiefdruck
a wet chemical deposition which prints an ink onto a substrate via a image carrier. The image carrier (often a cylinder) comes in direct contact with the substrate.
Rotogravure
Gravure printing
a wet chemical deposition which deposits an ink onto a substrate via a image carrier. The image carrier (often a cylinder) does not come into direct contact with the substrate.
Offsetdruck
Offset printing
a wet chemical deposition which deposits an ink onto a substrate via a image carrier. The image carrier (usually a mesh) does come into direct contact with the substrate.
Siebdruck
Screen printing
a wet chemical deposition method, which deposits a vapourized precursor onto a substrate by jetting it through a print head.
Aerosol Jet Druck
Aerosol jet printing
Aerosol printing
is a setting datum, which indicates the settings for the scan rate
scan rate setting datum
a wet chemical deposition in which a layer is deposited onto a substrate by dropping liquid drops, that contain the dissolved chemical of interest
Drop casting
Doctor blading
Rakelbeschichtung
doctor blade coating
a small amount of solution is placed on a substrate and spread evenly using a doctor blade. The substrate is then dried to form a thin-film.
Blade coating
EPD
Elektrophoretische Abscheidung
a substrate is immersed in a solution containing a salt of the material to be deposited and an electric current is passed through the solution, which causes the material to be deposited on the substrate as a thin-film.
Electrophoretic deposition
Sol-Gel-Prozess
a solution containing precursor materials is formed, which is then deposited onto a substrate and dried to form a thin-film. This process can be used to deposit a wide range of materials, including ceramics, metals and polymers.
Sol-gel deposition
the open circuit voltage datum is a scalar datum, that quantifies some open circuit voltage
open circuit voltage datum
the voltage maximum power point datum is a scalar datum, that quantifies some votlage maximum power point
voltage maximum power point datum
the current density maximum power point datum is a scalar datum, that quantifies the current density at the maximum power point
current density maximum power point datum
Nahraumsublimation
Close space sublimation
the short circuit current datum is a scalar datum, that quantifies some short circuit current
short circuit current datum
A unit for measurement of magnitude of the electrical current per cross-sectional area.
current density unit
the total area datum is a scalar datum. that quantifies the total area of some entity
total area datum
the effective area datum is a scalar datum, that quantifies the area that actively participates in the conversion of light into electric energy
effective area datum
is a setting datum, which indicates the settings for the process temperature
process temperature setting datum
is a duration setting datum, which indicates the settings for the process time
process time setting datum
is a setting datum, which indicates the settings for the annealing temperature
hotplate temperature setting datum
is a setting datum, which indicates the voltage settings for the scan rate
scan rate voltage setting datum
Scan rate voltage unit is a unit label which is a standard measure of the rate of change of voltage in a scan.
scan rate voltage unit
the duration over which the sensor collects incoming light
integration time
settling time
compliance
scan direction
An assay which collects information measured during an material process. The material this information is about can be inferred from the material processing it contains.
process logging
starting voltage
stopping voltage
voltage step size
an illuminated iv measurement is a iv measurement with a dedicated light source
illuminated iv measurement
A reference cell is a solar cell which is used as a reference for other solar cells in a variety of measurements.
reference solar cell
a wavelength setting datum that specifies some size configuration of wavelength steps
wavelength step size setting datum
Power density unit is a unit label which is a standard measure of power per area.
power density unit
is a setting datum, which indicates the settings for the scan direction
scan direction setting datum
is a setting datum, which indicates the settings for the starting voltage
starting voltage setting datum
is a setting datum, which indicates the settings for the stopping voltage
stopping voltage setting datum
is a setting datum, which indicates the settings for the voltage step size
voltage step size setting datum
is a setting datum, which indicates the settings for the time
settling time setting datum
a setting datum that specifies some integration time
integration time setting datum
compliance setting datum
pvd process logging
The area measurement datum is a scalar measurement datum, that quantifies the result of area measurement
area measurement datum
The active area measurement datum is a scalar measurement datum, that quantifies the result of some active area measurement
active area measurement datum
The current measurement datum is a scalar measurement datum, that quantifies the result of some current measurement
current measurement datum
the shunt resistance datum is a scalar datum, that quantifies some shunt resistance
shunt resistance datum
the series resistance datum is a scalar datum, that quantifies some series resistance
series resistance datum
Resistance area unit is a unit label which is a standard measure for by area normalized resistance, i.e. resitance unit times area unit.
resistance area unit
The temperature measurement datum is a scalar measurement datum, that quantifies the result of some temperature measurement
temperature measurement datum
The power measurement datum is a scalar measurement datum, that quantifies the result of some power measurement
power measurement datum
is a setting datum, which indicates the power setting
power setting datum
a setting datum, that describes the set status of the shutter
shutter status setting datum
gas mixture
a setting datum, that specifies the gas flow per time unit
gas flow rate setting datum
shutter status
thin-film depostion rate
the temperature setting datum is a setting datum, that specifies the thermal energy of some material entity
temperature setting datum
is a setting datum, which indicates the settings for the device temperature
device temperature setting datum
thermal pvd source
is a flow rate, that describes how much gas passes through a given surface per time unit
gas flow rate
tabular data is a data set, that is organised in rows and columns
tabular data
A process log is a steadily updated information object containing data of events in time during a process execution.
process log
the process log of some pvd process
pvd process log
The pressure measurement datum is a scalar measurement datum, that quantifies the result of some pressure measurement
pressure measurement datum
The thin-film deposition rate measurement datum is a scalar measurement datum, that quantifies the result of some thin-film deposition rate measurement
thin-film deposition rate measurement datum
The total pressure measurement datum is a scalar measurement datum, that quantifies the result of some total pressure measurement
total pressure measurement datum
The partial pressure measurment datum is a pressure measurement datum, that quantifies the result of some partial pressure measurement
partial pressure measurement datum
A substrate is a processed material which is used in synthesis and deposition of thin-film layers.
sample
substrate
light bias
is a setting datum, which indicates the settings for the bias light
light bias setting datum
chopper frequency
the chopper frequency setting datum is a setting datum, which specifies some chopper frequency
chopper frequency setting datum
voltage bias
is a setting datum, which indicates the settings for the voltage bias
voltage bias setting datum
is a scan rate, that indicates the step size of wavelength increase or decrease
scan rate wavelength
is a setting datum, which indicates the wavelength settings for the scan rate
scan rate wavelength setting datum
time quality of a process
a data tranformation process, which interprets the raw experimental data of an eqe measurement
eqe analysis
the eqe bandgap datum is a scalar datum. that quantifies some eqe bandgap
eqe bandgap datum
the integrated jsc datum is a scalar datum, that quantifies some integrated jsc
integrated jsc datum
the integrated j0rad datum is a scalar datum, that quantifies some integradted j0rad
integrated j0rad datum
the radiative open-circuit voltage datum is a scalar datum, that quantifies some radiative open-circuit voltage
voc rad datum
radiative open-circuit voltage datum
the urbach energy datum is a scalar datum, that quantifies some urbach energy
urbach energy datum
the urbach energy fit standard deviation datum is a scalar datum, that quantifies some urbach energy fit standard deviation
urbach energy fit standard deviation datum
the external quantum efficiency datum is a scalar datum, that quantifies some external quantum efficiency
external quantum efficiency datum
eqe bandgap
integrated jsc
integrated short-circuit current density
integrated j0rad
integrated radiative recombination saturation-current density
voc rad
urbach energy
urbach energy fit standard deviation
is a physical quality, that is the ratio of the number of charge carriers collected by the photovoltaic device to the number of photons of a given wavelength or energy onto the device.
Lee, Sanghyun. Price, Kent J.. (February 22nd, 2017). Optolelectronics. Advanced Device Structures. Spectral Repsonses in Quantum Efficiency of Emerging Kesterite Thin-FIlm Solar Cells. IntechOpen.
external quantum efficiency
The electric potential measurement datum is a scalar measurement datum, that quantifies the result of some electric potential measurement
electric potential measurement datum
A biased illumination process is a secondary illumination process of some measurement techniques such as EQE.
biased illumination process
electrical potential quality of a process
anti solvent dropping time
the anti solvent dropping time setting datum is a setting datum, that specifies the dropping duration of some anti solvent
anti solvent dropping time setting datum
chemical substance role
product role
anti solvent role
The dropping time is a time quality of a process which specifies the point in time where a dropping event happens, e.g. the dropping of an precursor in a spin coating process.
dropping time
the dropping time setting datum is a setting datum, that specifies the dropping duration of some fluid
dropping time setting datum
a setting datum that specifies some volume configuration
volume setting datum
a volume setting datum that specifies some volume configuration of some anti solvent
anti solvent volume setting datum
a volume setting datum that specifies some volume configuration of some precursor solution
precursor solution volume setting datum
The volume measurement datum is a scalar measurement datum, that quantifies the result of some volumetric measurement
volume measurement datum
perovskite solar cell
The characteristic shape or pattern of some entity
architecture
A stack sequence is a property of a sample or a functional layer which gives the order of all deposited layers in that sample or functional layer.
stack sequence
the number of averages is a process quality, that describes the number of values that match the average value in a dataset
number of averages
camera
a current, that is able to fullfill some excitation function
excitation current
an excitation source is a source that fullfills some excitation function
excitation source
a wavelength, that fullfills some excitation function
excitation wavelength
image pixel length
the position of filter describes thespatially relation between a filter and another continuant
position of filter
the current setting datum is a setting datum, that specifies the set value of the current
current setting datum
the excitation current setting datum is a current setting datum, that specifies some excitation current
excitation current setting datum
a wavelength setting datum that specifies some excitation wavelength
excitation wavelength setting datum
gas quenching with round nozzle
the delay time between the start of the rotation and the quenching
quenching starting delay time
The round nozzle distance to substrate is a nozzle distance to substrate, that describes the distance between some round nozzle and some substrate.
round nozzle distance to substrate
The nozzle distance to substrate is a distance to substrate, that describes the distance between some nozzle and some substrate
nozzle distance to substrate
nozzle shape
is a angle, at which some nozzle is capable of depositing
nozzle spray angle
the velocity setting datum is a setting datum, that specifies the value of some velocity datum
velocity setting datum
the round nozzle distance to substrate setting datum is a nozzle distance to substrate setting datum, that specifies the distance of some nozzle to some substrate
round nozzle distance to substrate setting datum
the angle setting datum is a setting datum, that specifies some angle
angle setting datum
a setting datum, that specifies the duration of the delay of some occurent
delay setting datum
is a delay setting datum, that specifies the amount of time some subprocess is being delayed the start of some occurent
starting delay time setting datum
is a velocity, that describes the velocity at the tip of some nozzle of some material entity exiting thorugh that nozzle
velocity at nozzle tip
is a velocity setting datum, that specifies the velocity setting at some nozzle tip
velocity at nozzle tip setting datum
is a scan which determines the maximum power output of some device under changing conditions
maximum power point tracking
The mppt time series is a time sampled measurement data set which contains values of current, voltage and power of some device over a defined time period
maximum power point tracking time series
a data tranformation process, which interprets the raw experimental data of an maximum power point tracking
maximum power point tracking analysis
describes the time span after which a solar cell drops to 80% of its original efficiency
time until 80 percent efficiency
describes the time span after which a solar cell drops to 90% of its original efficiency
time until 90 percent efficiency
the time until 80 percent efficiency datum is a scalar datum, that quantifies the time until a solar cell drops to 80 percent of its initial efficiency
time until 80 percent efficiency datum
the time until 90 percent efficiency datum is a scalar datum, that quantifies the time until a solar cell drops to 90 percent of its initial efficiency
time until 90 percent efficiency datum
is a area that describes the 2-d extent of some pixel
pixel area
is a scalar datum that quantifies some power
power datum
uv/vis spectroscopy
reflection uv/vis measurement
transmittance uv/vis measurement
a spectrum, that displays the amount of absorption of ultraviolet and visible light as a function of wavelength as a plot
ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry curve
uv-vis curve
is a setting datum, that specifies some electric potential
electric potential setting datum
a uv-vis curve, that displays the reflection of ultraviolet and visible light as a function of wavelength as a plot
reflection ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry curve
reflection uv-vis curve
a uv-vis curve, that displays the transmittance of ultraviolet and visible light as a function of wavelength as a plot
transmittance ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry curve
transmittance uv-vis curve
The transmittance measurement datum is a scalar measurement datum, that quantifies the result of some transmittance measurement
transmittance measurement datum
The reflectance measurement datum is a scalar measurement datum, that quantifies the result of some reflectance measurement
reflectance measurement datum
a physical object quality that describes the fraction of incident radiation reflected by a surface or discontinuity
Retrieved from: https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/R05235. Retreived on: 14.11.2023, 15:48.
reflectance
wavenlength quality of a process
the wavelength at the beginning of some process
starting wavelength
the wavelength at the end of some process
stopping wavelength
a wavelength setting datum that specifies some starting wavelength configuration
starting wavelength setting datum
a wavelength setting datum that specifies some stopping wavelength configuration
stopping wavelength setting datum
plasma power
An instrument used to apply uniform thin-films to flat substrates by centrifugal force.
spin coater
a power setting datum, that concretizes the power of some plasma
plasma power setting datum
plasma
a setting datum, that concretizes the set amount of some entity
mass setting datum
The pressure of the gas coming out of an air knife.
air knife pressure
nozzle pressure
The air knife distance to thin-film is a nozzle distance to thin flm, that describes the distance between some air knife and some thin-film
air knife distance to thin-film
the air knife impingement angle is an impingement angle, that describes the angle at which a stream from a air knife collides with another object
air knife impingement angle
The speed of an air knife in an air knife gas quenching, i.e. the speed which with the air knife moves over the thin-film. The speed can be relative, i.e. not the air knife is moving but the sample beneath it.
air knife speed
a speed setting datum that specifies some air knife speed
air knife speed setting datum
a setting datum, that describes the set pressure of an air knife
air knife pressure setting datum
the air knife distance to thin-film setting datum is a nozzle distance to substrate setting datum, that specifies the distance between some air knife and some entity
air knife distance to thin-film setting datum
the air knife impingement angle setting datum is a transferring device impingement setting datum, that specifies the impingement angle of some air knife
air knife impingement angle setting datum
An air knife is a material entity which is used in air knife gas quenching. It includes the whole instrument, including a pump for the gas flow.
air knife
is a object that distributes the coating fluid across the desired coating width befor coating onto the substrate
Wikipedia. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slot-die_coating. Retrieved on: 05.12.2023
slot die head
the air knife gas quenching is a gas quenching technique, that involves an air knife to redirect an airflow onto some substrate
air knife gas quenching
The speed of the slot die head in slot die coating, i.e. the speed which with the slot die head moves over the thin-film. The speed can be relative, i.e. not the slot die head is moving but the sample beneath it.
slot die head speed
The distance of the slot die head to the thin-film in slot die coating.
slot die head distance to thin-film
The width of a shim used in a slot die head, reducing the width of the slot die head width for slot die coating.
slot die shim width
The thickness of a shim used in a slot die head.
slot die shim thickness
a shim that is used to alter the width of the slot die heads channel
slot die shim
The width of the slot die head, where the ink can exit the slot die head.
slot die head width
The flow rate of the ink used in slot die coating.
slot die coating flow rate
the pressure setting datum is a setting datum, that specifies the applied force on a surface per unit area of some entity
pressure setting datum
1-D extent setting datum
a setting datum, that specifies the speed of some slot die head
slot die head speed setting datum
a setting datum that specifies some speed configuration
speed setting datum
the slot die head distance to thin-film setting datum is a 1-d extent setting datum, that specifies the distance between some slot-die-head and some thin-film
slot die head distance to thin-film setting datum
the slot die shim width setting datum is a 1-d extent setting datum, that specifies the width of some slot die shim
slot die shim width setting datum
the slot die shim thickness setting datum is a 1-d extent setting datum, that specifies the thickness of some slot die shim
slot die shim thickness setting datum
the slot die head width setting datum is a 1-d extent setting datum, that specifies the width of some slot die head
slot die head width setting datum
a setting datum, that describes the flow rate that is set for a slot die coating process
slot die coating flow rate setting datum
a processed material, that consists of multiple layers ranging from fractions of nanometer to several micrometers in thickness
Wikimedia Foundation. (2023, September 29). Thin film. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film
thin-film stack
illuminated jv analysis
a carrier made from glass (usually silicates)
glass carrier
a front contact layer that consists of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)
ITO
a front contact layer that consists of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)
FTO
a buffer layer consisting of lithium flouride
LiF buffer layer
a buffer layer consisting of polyimide
PI buffer layer
silver back contact
2PacZ hole transport layer
triple halide perovskite layer
C60 electron transport layer
thermal pvd process logging
The current density measurement datum is a scalar measurement datum, that quantifies the result of some current density measurement
current density measurement datum
The external quantum efficiency measurement datum is a scalar measurement datum that quantifies the result of some external quantum efficiency measurement
external quantum efficiency measurement datum
thin-film solar cell
an object through which a chemical gets distributed onto a surface
print head
A print nozzle is a transferring object consisting of jet port with an opening for regulating and/or directing the flow of fluid or ink.
print nozzle
print head width
print nozzle width
An ink cartridge or inkjet cartridge is a object/component of an inkjet printer that contains the ink that is deposited onto a substrate during printing.
Wikimedia Foundation. (2023, October 31). Ink cartridge. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ink_cartridge. Retrieved on: 22.11.2023
cartridge
cartridge pressure
print head temperature
the cartridge temperature is a temperature, that describes the temperature of some cartridge
cartridge temperature
is a nozzle distance that describes the distance between a printing nozzle and some material entity
print nozzle distance
substrate height
print speed
resolution is a process quality that describes the smallest change in a quality being measured by a sensor (measurement instrument, detector) that causes a perceptible change in the corresponding indication.
resolution
printing resolution x
printing direction
The print head distance to substrate is a distance to substrate, that describe the distance between some print head and some substrate.
print head distance to substrate
print head angle
print nozzle drop volume
printing resolution y
a profile is a datasets which defines the set values of an instrument or part of an instrument at specific time points.
profile
a print nozzle voltage profile is a profile which determines the voltage set of a nozzle in a printing process
print nozzle voltage profile
a print head path is a profile which describes how a print head is moving in a printing process.
print head path
a setting datum that specifies some time configuration
time setting datum
print nozzle voltage
a setting datum, which describes the voltage to which a nozzle is set.
print nozzle voltage setting datum
the print head position is the position of a print head relative to the geometry of the printer.
print head position
a setting datum, that describes the position to which an entity is set.
position setting datum
a setting datum, that describes the position to which an print head is set.
print head position setting datum
anti solvent dropping flow rate
The anti solvent dropping height is a dnozzle distance to substrate, that describes the height out of which some anti solvent is dropped onto some entity.
anti solvent dropping height
the anti solvent dropping height setting datum is a nozzle distance to substrate setting datum, that specifies the dropping height of some anti solvent
anti solvent dropping height setting datum
the anti solvent dropping flow rate setting datum is a setting datum, that specifies the flow rate of some anti solvent
anti solvent dropping flow rate setting datum
the print nozzle width setting datum is a 1-d extent setting datum, that specifies the width of some print nozzle
print nozzle width setting datum
a volume setting datum that specifies some drop volume configuration of some print nozzle
print nozzle drop volume setting datum
a setting datum, that describes the set pressure of an cartridge
cartridge pressure setting datum
the print head distance to substrate setting datum is a distance to substrate setting datum, that specifies the distance between some print head and some substrate
print head distance to substrate setting datum
a setting datum that specifies some print speed
print speed setting datum
a setting datum that specifies the temperature of some print head
print head temperature setting datum
a setting datum, that describes the set angle of an print head
print head angle setting datum
the print head width setting datum is a 1-d extent setting datum, that specifies the width of some print head
print head width setting datum
the cartridge temperature setting datum is a temperature setting datum, that specifies the thermal energy of some cartridge
cartridge temperature setting datum
the print nozzle distance setting datum is a 1-d extent setting datum, that specifies the distance between some nozzle and some entity
print nozzle distance setting datum
air knife shim width
the air knife shim width setting datum is a 1-d extent setting datum, that specifies the set width of some air knife shim
air knife shim width setting datum
the contact angle is an angle, at which some liquid surface and some solid surface collide
contact angle
hotplate
infrared light source
radiation quenching is a sample quenching method, that uses heat to affect the crystallization of some layer
thermal quenching
radiation quenching is a sample quenching method, that uses some radiation to affect the crystallization of some layer
radiation quenching
pipet
pipette
substrate length
substrate width
a deposited wet film has a wet film thickness
the wet film thickness is a thickness, that describes the spatial dimension of some wet film
wet film thickness
pipette volume
pipette tip opening diameter
substrate area
The distance to substrate is a length, that describes the distance between some continuant and some substrate
distance to substrate
tip diameter
round nozzle tip diameter
output velocity
the substrate speed is the speed at which some substrate moves (e.g.the speed of the substrate in a roll to roll coater)
substrate speed
the air velocity describes the velocity of some air after being accelerated by some entity (e.g. some air knife)
gas velocity
the gas velocity setting datum is a velocity setting datum, that specifies the set velocity value of some gas stream
gas velocity setting datum
the flow rate setting datum is a setting datum, that specifies the set flow rate value
flow rate setting datum
the volumetric flow rate setting datum is a flow rate setting datum, that specifies the set flow rate value of some liquid
volumetric flow rate setting datum
the distance to substrate setting datum is a 1-d extent setting datum, that specifies the distance between some substrate and some entity
distance to substrate setting datum
The hotplate distance to substrate is a distance to substrate, that describes the distance between a hotplate and some substrate
hotplate distance to substrate
pipette tip opening diameter setting datum
The angle measurement datum is a scalar measurement datum, quantifies the result of some angle measurement
angle measurement datum
the contact angle measurement datum is a angle measurement datum, that quantifies the result of some contact angle measurement
contact angle measurement datum
the hotplate distance to substrate setting datum is a distance to susbtrate setting datum, that specifies the distance between some hotplate and some entity
hotplate distance to substrate setting datum
transferring device impingement angle
the transferring device impingement angle setting datum is a angle setting datum, that specifies the impingement angle of some transferring device
transferring device impingement angle setting datum
the nozzle speed is a speed quality, that specifies the rate of movement of some nozzle
round nozzle speed
the nozzle speed setting datum is a speed setting datum, that specifies the amount of rate of movement of some nozzle
nozzle speed setting datum
the nozzle impingement angle is an impingement angle, that describes the angle at which a stream from a nozzle collides with another object
round nozzle impingement angle
the round nozzle impingement angle setting datum is a transferring device impingement angle setting datum, that specifies the impingement angle of some round nozzle
round nozzle impingement angle setting datum
the air knife impingement angle measurement datum is a angle measurement datum, that quantifies the result of some air knife impingement angle measurement
air knife impingement angle measurement datum
the nozzle impingement angle measurement datum is a angle measurement datum, that quantifies the result of some round nozzle impingement angle measurement
round nozzle impingement angle measurement datum
the count measurement datum that specifies the output of some counting
count measurement datum
the number of averages setting datum is a setting datum that is the specification of the amount of averages
number of averages setting datum
count is a process quality, that describes the result of some counting process
count
The layer morphology describes the morphology of some layer
layer morphology
The layer thickness describes the thickness of some layer.
layer thickness
the layer transmittance describes the energy loss of some radiatant power that passes through some layer
layer transmittance
sheet resistance describes the resistance of some entity with a negligible dimension (often thickness)
sheet resistance
describes the time span after which a solar cell drops to 95% of its original efficiency
time until 95 percent efficiency
the time until 95 percent efficiency datum is a scalar datum, that quantifies the time until a solar cell drops to 95 percent of its initial efficiency
time until 95 percent efficiency datum
the conductivity measurement datum is a scalar measurement datum, that quantifies the output of some conductivity measurement
conductivity measurement datum
the blade distance to substrate is a distance to substrate quality, that describes the distance between some blade and some substrate
blade distance to substrate
the blade distance to substrate setting datum is a distance to substrate setting datum, that specifies the distance between some blade and some substrate
blade distance to substrate setting datum
the blade speed is a speed, that describes the relative rate of movement of some blade relative to some material entity
blade traverse speed
the blade speed setting datum is a speed setting datum, that specifies the relative rate of movement between some blade and some material entity
blade traverse speed setting datum
the blade angle is an angle. that describes the angle between some blade and some material entity
blade angle
the blade angle setting datum is a angle setting datum, that specifies the angle between some blade and some material entity
blade angle setting datum
the blade pressure is a pressure, that describes the force per area applied by some blade
blade pressure
the blade pressure setting datum is a pressure setting datum, that specifies the force per area applied by some blade
blade pressure setting datum
a doctor blade is a device, that is being used to remove excess ink by traversing over some surface during wet chemical deposition
doctor blade
doctor blade width
the doctor blade edge shape describes the geometry of the part of the blade, that gets in contact with the removed excess ink during blade coating
doctor blade edge shape
The solution temperature is a temperature, that is the physical quality of the thermal energy of some solution
solution temperature
The precursor solution temperature is a solution temperature, that is the physical quality of the thermal energy of some precursor solution
precursor solution temperature
The solution temperature setting datum is a temperature setting datum, that specifies the temperature settings of some solution
solution temperature setting datum
The precursor solution temperature setting datum is a solution temperature setting datum, that specifies the temperature settings for some precursor solution
precursor solution temperature setting datum
the precursor solution volume is volume, that is the amount of 3 dimensional space some precursor solution occupies
precursor solution volume
fluid based quenching
heat based quenching
round nozzle
round nozzle tip diameter setting datum
the nozzle distance to substrate setting datum is a distance to substrate setting datum, that specifies the distance between some nozzle and some entity
nozzle distance to substrate setting datum
nozzle speed
round nozzle speed setting datum
reynolds number
the reynolds number datum is a scalar datum, that quantifies some reynolds number
reynolds number datum
raditation source distance to substrate
the radiation source distance to substrate setting datum is a distance to substrate setting datum, that specifies the distance between some radiation source and some substrate
raditation source distance to substrate setting datum
drying is a heat based quenching, that involves no additional heat source device
Trocknen
drying
transferring device pressure
round nozzle pressure
pipette pressure
transferring device pressure setting datum
pipette pressure setting datum
nozzle pressure setting datum
round nozzle pressure setting datum
a setting datum that specifies the temperature of some substrate
substrate temperature setting datum
the temperrature of a device for example in a measurement process
substrate temperature
the efficiency of a solar cell with respect to its active area
photovoltaic device efficiency active area
the efficiency of a solar cell with respect to its total area
photovoltaic device efficiency total area
a photovaltaic device which consists of multiple distinct stacked solarcells
stacked tandem cell
Chlorobenzene
Ethanol
Water
2-Methoxy Ethanol
Chloroform
Dichlorobenzene
n-Butyl Alcohol
2-Butanol
1-Butanol Ethanol
Acetonitil
Acetonitrile
Acetyl Aceton
Anhydrous 1-Butanol
Anisole
a-Terpineol
Butanol
DCB
Distilled Water
DMF
Ethanol Amine
Ethyl Alcohol
Ethyl Cellulose
HCl
Isopropyl Alcohol
Lauric Acid
Methanol
NaOH Aqueous Solution
n-Butanol
Nitric Acid
Octane
P25
Polyethylene Glycol
TAA
Terpineol
Tetralin
TiO2-np
Trifluor Ethanol
TritonX-100
Mechanical Scrubbing
HCL
Aceton cleaning
DI Water cleaning
Isopropanol cleaning
Mucasol cleaning
Scrubbing
Lead iodide
pin
nip