Dorothea Tsatsou
The Nutrition and Activity Ontology (NAct) is designed to drive personalised nutritional and physical activity recommendations and effectively support healthy living, through a reasoning-based AI decision support system. NAct coalesces nutritional, medical, behavioural and lifestyle indicators with dietary and physical activity directives.
Εnglish
The Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH) - Information Technologies Institute (ITI)
Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode
NAct: The Νutrition & Activity Ontology
### Current version:
The NAct (Nutrition & Activity) ontology is originally developed in the premises of the H2020 IA project PROTEIN (https://protein-h2020.eu/).
#### Main health and nutrition expertise contribution:
Elena Lalama (Charité)
#### Health, nutrition and dietetics guidelines:
Saskia L. Wilson-Barnes (University of Surrey),
Kathryn Hart (University of Surrey),
Véronique Cornelissen (KU Leuven),
Roselien Buys (KU Leuven),
Ioannis Pagkalos (International Hellenic University),
Sofia Balula Dias (Universidade de Lisboa)
#### Scientific supevision:
Kosmas Dimitropoulos (CERTH-ITI)
Petros Daras (CERTH-ITI)
v1.9.5
#A
Vitamin_A
#Alcohol
Alcoholic_beverage
#Allowed_Cod_liver_oil
Was:
ExCod_liver_oil
#Allowed_CrustShellfish
Was:
ExCrustShellfish
#Allowed_Dairy
Was:
ExDairy
#Allowed_Egg
Was:
ExEgg
#Allowed_Fish
Was:
ExFish
#Allowed_Fish_oil
Was:
ExFish_oil
#Allowed_Meat
Was:
ExMeat
#Allowed_Mollusc
Was:
ExMollusc
#Allowed_Pork
Was:
ExPork
#Allowed_Rabbit
Was:
ExRabbit
#Allowed_Red_Meat
Was:
ExRedMeat
#Allowed_Seafood
Was:
ExSeafood
#Allowed_Sugar
Was:
ExSugar
#Amine_intolerance
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#Anaemia
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#Anise_allergy
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#Arugula
TODO: detangle all. Leave only one preferred label, add others to alt labels.
#B
Vitamin_B
#B1
Thiamin
#B1
Vitamin_B1
#B12
Cobalamin
#B12
Vitamin_B12
#B2
Riboflavin
#B2
Vitamin_B2
#B3
Niacin
#B3
Vitamin_B3
#B4
Not a vitamin, but often grouped with the vitamin B complex due to its similarities
#B4
Choline
#B4
Vitamin_B4
#B5
Pantothenic_acid
#B5
Vitamin_B5
#B6
Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate
#B6
Pyridoxamine
#B6
Pyridoxine
#B6
Vitamin_B6
#B7
Biotin
#B7
Vitamin_B7
#B9
Folate
#B9
Folic_acid
#B9
Vitamin_B9
#BMI
Body_Mass_Index
#BMR
Basal_Metabolic_Rate
#Bean
Beans can prevent heart disease
Beans can fight cancer
Beans can lower cholesterol
Beans can help lose weight
Beans can help manage diabetes (decrease blood sugar)
--
Beans can cause migraines
Beans can raise blood pressure
Beans can interfere with vitamin absorption
Beans can rigger gout
Beans can make you gassy
#Beetroot
Beets
#Breadsticks
Bread_sticks
#Bulb_and_stem
See again nutrients. Might have been a mix up with root vegetables
#C
Vitamin_C
#CVD
Cardiovascular_Disease
#Carotenoid
Wiki note: not accepted as essential nutrients
#Celiac_disease
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#Chamomille_allergy
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#Chili_pepper
Chilly_pepper
#Crouton
croûtons
#Crustacean_allergy
Shellfish_allergy
#D
Vitamin_D
#D3
Vitamin_D3
#Drupes
Stone_fruit
#FODMAPs_intolerance
Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Mono-saccharides and polyols.
#FODMAPs_intolerance
Resources cross-check for future release:
FODMAPs found in: Apples (x), Soft cheeses (x), Honey (x), Milk (v), Artichokes (x), Bread (v), Beans (v), Lentils (v), Beer (v).
#Fat-free
No_fat
#Fat-free
Non-fat
#Fat-free
Non_fat
#Fat-free
Nonfat
#Flax
Flaxseed
#Fluid
Unique case (with child) of both Food and Nutrient.
Might be revised in the future.
#GCIs
Helper classes, to group frquently used complex concepts in GCIs.
Purpose: reduce reasoning KB, increase reasoning efficiency.
#Grape
Botanically, grapes are berries, Nutritionally, if they don't share most pertinent attributes, they should be removed from this category.
#Greek_yoghurt
Greek_yogurt
#HDL_cholesterol
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol
#HIIT
High_intensity_interval_training
#Hummus
Houmous
#Hyperthrophy
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#IBD
Inflammatory_Bowel_Disease
#Implicit_goal
Helper class, for constructing the User KB.
Please refer to main publication for usage example.
#Increase_TDEE
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#Increase_activity_duration
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#Increase_activity_intensity
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#Increase_body_fat
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#Increase_fruit_intake
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#Increase_vegetable_intake
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#Iron
Dietary iron is found in two forms: heme and nonheme iron. Red meat (beef, lamb, and pork) has a 10-fold higher heme content than white meat (e.g., chicken) (Hooda et al., 2014).
#K1
Vitamin_K1
#K2
Vitamin_K2
#Kiwi
Botanically, kiwis are berries, Nutritionally, if they don't share most pertinent attributes, they should be removed from this category.
#Kiwi
Kiwifruit
#Lacto-ovo
Defined as lacto-ovo NON pescatarians (so exclude Fish).
Axioms correspond completely to the parent concept "Vegetarian"
#Lactose-free
Non_dairy
#Legume
Pulses
#Low-fat
Extra_lean
#Low-fat
Lowfat
#Low-fat
Reduced_fat
#Low_sodium
Low_salt
#Low_sugar
Semi-sweet
#Lupin_allergy
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#Mackerel
higher levels of mercury contamination
#Maintain_weight
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#Micromineral
Trace mineral
#Mollusc
Mollusk
#Multigrain
Multi-grain
#No_skin
Refers to poultry cooked without skin
#Nutritional_yeast
It is naturally low in sodium and calories, as well as fat-free, sugar-free, gluten-free and vegan.
#Obesity
BMI >= 30
#Overweight
25 < BMI < 30
#Passion_fruit_allergy
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#Persimmon
Kaki
#Pita
Pita_bread
#Pita
Pitta
#Pita
Pitta_bread
#Pregnancy
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#Previous_MI
Previous_myocardial_infarction
#Previous_Stroke
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#Reduce_TDEE
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#Reduce_body_fat
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#Salad
Green_salad
#Salmon
higher levels of mercury contamination
#Salt
Salt placed in food (substance), as it consists of a compound of different minerals (typically sodium+chloride, although other minerals may be present in smaller traces, e.g. see @Sea_salt).
#Salt-free
No_salt
#Salt-free
Sodium_free
#Salt-free
Unsalted
#Salt-free
Without_salt
#Samphire
Κρίταμο
#Sea_salt
To see if to add:
"retains trace levels of minerals like magnesium, potassium, calcium and other nutrients".
#Soy
TODO:
1. detangle with Soyabean - maintain only one, synonyms on annotations. Do not lose axioms.
2. Add soy sauce (common condiment), detangle from others and apply respective connections.
#Soy
Soya
#Soy_yoghurt
Soy_yogurt
#Soy_yoghurt
Soya_yoghurt
#Soy_yoghurt
Soya_yogurt
#Soya_bean
TODO: detangle with Soybean - maintain only one, synonyms on annotations. Do not lose axioms.
#Soya_bean
Soy_bean
#Soya_bean
Soyabean
#Soya_bean
Soybean
#Soya_milk
Soy_milk
#Soybean
TODO: detangle with Soya_bean - maintain only one, synonyms on annotations. Do not lose axioms.
#Sugar-free
No_sugar
#Sulfite_intolerance
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#Sulphite_allergy
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#Sulphur_dioxide_allergy
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#Sunflower_seed
TODO: chrosscheck resources:
a good source of fiber, protein, iron, vitamin E and several of the B vitamins, rich source of the healthy mono- and polyunsaturated fats - however, they're also a source of saturated fatty acids
#Swordfish
higher levels of mercury contamination
#TDEE
Total_Daily_Energy_Expenditure
#Table_salt
Table salt is mined from salt deposits and then processed to give it a fine texture so it’s easier to mix and use in recipes. This processing strips table salt of any minerals, and additives may be used to prevent clumping.
#Tahini
Sesame_butter
#Tuna
higher levels of mercury contamination
#Turmeric
Curcumin
#Uni
Sea urchin
#Water_deficiency
skos:altLabel Dehydration may be revised in future releases
#Water_deficiency
Dehydration
#Whole_grain
Wholegrain
#Whole_meal
Wholemeal
#Whole_wheat
Wholewheat
#Yoghurt
Assumed plain, whole milk
#Yoghurt
Yogurt
#allowedActivity
Was:
excludeActivity
#allowedFood
Was:
excludeFood
#allowedNutrient
Was:
restrictNutrient
#containedInFood
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#containsFood
Used for complex food breakdown to constituent (simpler) foods.
#containsNutrient
Currently used for somewhat substantial participation of nutrient to food.
#followsDiet
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#freeOf
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
Example usage in one axiom.
No further axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#fulfilGoal
Used for constructing the User KB.
Please refer to main publication for usage example.
#goalActivity
Exploratory relation.
Used to infer if a given activity may contribute to the requirements of a goal, condition, type of user, or other relevant class.
#goalNutrient
Exploratory relation.
Used to infer if a given nutrient may contribute to the requirements of a goal, condition, type of user, or other relevant class.
#hasAllergy
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No further axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#hasCharacteristic
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No further axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#hasCondition
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No further axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#hasFood
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No further axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#hasIntolerance
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No further axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#hasPreference
Used to construct recommendation candidate profiles (as GCIs).
Refer to main publication for complete usage example.
#hasPreference
some hasPreference Vegetable SubClassOf <unique usernameuser identifier as class>
#hasPreference
Was:
hasInterest
#highIn
High participation of nutrient to food.
#includes
Used to construct recommendation candidate profiles, e.g. meal profiles, activity profiles, restaurant menu item profiles (as GCIs).
Refer to main publication for complete usage example.
#includes
some includes Spinach SubClassOf <unique identifier of candidate meal as class>
#lowIn
Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only.
No axioms are expected to be included in this version.
#lowIn
Low participation of nutrient to food.