Dorothea Tsatsou The Nutrition and Activity Ontology (NAct) is designed to drive personalised nutritional and physical activity recommendations and effectively support healthy living, through a reasoning-based AI decision support system. NAct coalesces nutritional, medical, behavioural and lifestyle indicators with dietary and physical activity directives. Εnglish The Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH) - Information Technologies Institute (ITI) Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode NAct: The Νutrition & Activity Ontology ### Current version: The NAct (Nutrition & Activity) ontology is originally developed in the premises of the H2020 IA project PROTEIN (https://protein-h2020.eu/). #### Main health and nutrition expertise contribution: Elena Lalama (Charité) #### Health, nutrition and dietetics guidelines: Saskia L. Wilson-Barnes (University of Surrey), Kathryn Hart (University of Surrey), Véronique Cornelissen (KU Leuven), Roselien Buys (KU Leuven), Ioannis Pagkalos (International Hellenic University), Sofia Balula Dias (Universidade de Lisboa) #### Scientific supevision: Kosmas Dimitropoulos (CERTH-ITI) Petros Daras (CERTH-ITI) v1.9.5 #A Vitamin_A #Alcohol Alcoholic_beverage #Allowed_Cod_liver_oil Was: ExCod_liver_oil #Allowed_CrustShellfish Was: ExCrustShellfish #Allowed_Dairy Was: ExDairy #Allowed_Egg Was: ExEgg #Allowed_Fish Was: ExFish #Allowed_Fish_oil Was: ExFish_oil #Allowed_Meat Was: ExMeat #Allowed_Mollusc Was: ExMollusc #Allowed_Pork Was: ExPork #Allowed_Rabbit Was: ExRabbit #Allowed_Red_Meat Was: ExRedMeat #Allowed_Seafood Was: ExSeafood #Allowed_Sugar Was: ExSugar #Amine_intolerance Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No axioms are expected to be included in this version. #Anaemia Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No axioms are expected to be included in this version. #Anise_allergy Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No axioms are expected to be included in this version. #Arugula TODO: detangle all. Leave only one preferred label, add others to alt labels. #B Vitamin_B #B1 Thiamin #B1 Vitamin_B1 #B12 Cobalamin #B12 Vitamin_B12 #B2 Riboflavin #B2 Vitamin_B2 #B3 Niacin #B3 Vitamin_B3 #B4 Not a vitamin, but often grouped with the vitamin B complex due to its similarities #B4 Choline #B4 Vitamin_B4 #B5 Pantothenic_acid #B5 Vitamin_B5 #B6 Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate #B6 Pyridoxamine #B6 Pyridoxine #B6 Vitamin_B6 #B7 Biotin #B7 Vitamin_B7 #B9 Folate #B9 Folic_acid #B9 Vitamin_B9 #BMI Body_Mass_Index #BMR Basal_Metabolic_Rate #Bean Beans can prevent heart disease Beans can fight cancer Beans can lower cholesterol Beans can help lose weight Beans can help manage diabetes (decrease blood sugar) -- Beans can cause migraines Beans can raise blood pressure Beans can interfere with vitamin absorption Beans can rigger gout Beans can make you gassy #Beetroot Beets #Breadsticks Bread_sticks #Bulb_and_stem See again nutrients. Might have been a mix up with root vegetables #C Vitamin_C #CVD Cardiovascular_Disease #Carotenoid Wiki note: not accepted as essential nutrients #Celiac_disease Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No axioms are expected to be included in this version. #Chamomille_allergy Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No axioms are expected to be included in this version. #Chili_pepper Chilly_pepper #Crouton croûtons #Crustacean_allergy Shellfish_allergy #D Vitamin_D #D3 Vitamin_D3 #Drupes Stone_fruit #FODMAPs_intolerance Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Mono-saccharides and polyols. #FODMAPs_intolerance Resources cross-check for future release: FODMAPs found in: Apples (x), Soft cheeses (x), Honey (x), Milk (v), Artichokes (x), Bread (v), Beans (v), Lentils (v), Beer (v). #Fat-free No_fat #Fat-free Non-fat #Fat-free Non_fat #Fat-free Nonfat #Flax Flaxseed #Fluid Unique case (with child) of both Food and Nutrient. Might be revised in the future. #GCIs Helper classes, to group frquently used complex concepts in GCIs. Purpose: reduce reasoning KB, increase reasoning efficiency. #Grape Botanically, grapes are berries, Nutritionally, if they don't share most pertinent attributes, they should be removed from this category. #Greek_yoghurt Greek_yogurt #HDL_cholesterol High-density lipoprotein cholesterol #HIIT High_intensity_interval_training #Hummus Houmous #Hyperthrophy Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No axioms are expected to be included in this version. #IBD Inflammatory_Bowel_Disease #Implicit_goal Helper class, for constructing the User KB. Please refer to main publication for usage example. #Increase_TDEE Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No axioms are expected to be included in this version. #Increase_activity_duration Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No axioms are expected to be included in this version. #Increase_activity_intensity Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No axioms are expected to be included in this version. #Increase_body_fat Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No axioms are expected to be included in this version. #Increase_fruit_intake Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No axioms are expected to be included in this version. #Increase_vegetable_intake Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No axioms are expected to be included in this version. #Iron Dietary iron is found in two forms: heme and nonheme iron. Red meat (beef, lamb, and pork) has a 10-fold higher heme content than white meat (e.g., chicken) (Hooda et al., 2014). #K1 Vitamin_K1 #K2 Vitamin_K2 #Kiwi Botanically, kiwis are berries, Nutritionally, if they don't share most pertinent attributes, they should be removed from this category. #Kiwi Kiwifruit #Lacto-ovo Defined as lacto-ovo NON pescatarians (so exclude Fish). Axioms correspond completely to the parent concept "Vegetarian" #Lactose-free Non_dairy #Legume Pulses #Low-fat Extra_lean #Low-fat Lowfat #Low-fat Reduced_fat #Low_sodium Low_salt #Low_sugar Semi-sweet #Lupin_allergy Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No axioms are expected to be included in this version. #Mackerel higher levels of mercury contamination #Maintain_weight Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No axioms are expected to be included in this version. #Micromineral Trace mineral #Mollusc Mollusk #Multigrain Multi-grain #No_skin Refers to poultry cooked without skin #Nutritional_yeast It is naturally low in sodium and calories, as well as fat-free, sugar-free, gluten-free and vegan. #Obesity BMI >= 30 #Overweight 25 < BMI < 30 #Passion_fruit_allergy Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No axioms are expected to be included in this version. #Persimmon Kaki #Pita Pita_bread #Pita Pitta #Pita Pitta_bread #Pregnancy Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No axioms are expected to be included in this version. #Previous_MI Previous_myocardial_infarction #Previous_Stroke Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No axioms are expected to be included in this version. #Reduce_TDEE Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No axioms are expected to be included in this version. #Reduce_body_fat Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No axioms are expected to be included in this version. #Salad Green_salad #Salmon higher levels of mercury contamination #Salt Salt placed in food (substance), as it consists of a compound of different minerals (typically sodium+chloride, although other minerals may be present in smaller traces, e.g. see @Sea_salt). #Salt-free No_salt #Salt-free Sodium_free #Salt-free Unsalted #Salt-free Without_salt #Samphire Κρίταμο #Sea_salt To see if to add: "retains trace levels of minerals like magnesium, potassium, calcium and other nutrients". #Soy TODO: 1. detangle with Soyabean - maintain only one, synonyms on annotations. Do not lose axioms. 2. Add soy sauce (common condiment), detangle from others and apply respective connections. #Soy Soya #Soy_yoghurt Soy_yogurt #Soy_yoghurt Soya_yoghurt #Soy_yoghurt Soya_yogurt #Soya_bean TODO: detangle with Soybean - maintain only one, synonyms on annotations. Do not lose axioms. #Soya_bean Soy_bean #Soya_bean Soyabean #Soya_bean Soybean #Soya_milk Soy_milk #Soybean TODO: detangle with Soya_bean - maintain only one, synonyms on annotations. Do not lose axioms. #Sugar-free No_sugar #Sulfite_intolerance Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No axioms are expected to be included in this version. #Sulphite_allergy Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No axioms are expected to be included in this version. #Sulphur_dioxide_allergy Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No axioms are expected to be included in this version. #Sunflower_seed TODO: chrosscheck resources: a good source of fiber, protein, iron, vitamin E and several of the B vitamins, rich source of the healthy mono- and polyunsaturated fats - however, they're also a source of saturated fatty acids #Swordfish higher levels of mercury contamination #TDEE Total_Daily_Energy_Expenditure #Table_salt Table salt is mined from salt deposits and then processed to give it a fine texture so it’s easier to mix and use in recipes. This processing strips table salt of any minerals, and additives may be used to prevent clumping. #Tahini Sesame_butter #Tuna higher levels of mercury contamination #Turmeric Curcumin #Uni Sea urchin #Water_deficiency skos:altLabel Dehydration may be revised in future releases #Water_deficiency Dehydration #Whole_grain Wholegrain #Whole_meal Wholemeal #Whole_wheat Wholewheat #Yoghurt Assumed plain, whole milk #Yoghurt Yogurt #allowedActivity Was: excludeActivity #allowedFood Was: excludeFood #allowedNutrient Was: restrictNutrient #containedInFood Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No axioms are expected to be included in this version. #containsFood Used for complex food breakdown to constituent (simpler) foods. #containsNutrient Currently used for somewhat substantial participation of nutrient to food. #followsDiet Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No axioms are expected to be included in this version. #freeOf Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. Example usage in one axiom. No further axioms are expected to be included in this version. #fulfilGoal Used for constructing the User KB. Please refer to main publication for usage example. #goalActivity Exploratory relation. Used to infer if a given activity may contribute to the requirements of a goal, condition, type of user, or other relevant class. #goalNutrient Exploratory relation. Used to infer if a given nutrient may contribute to the requirements of a goal, condition, type of user, or other relevant class. #hasAllergy Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No further axioms are expected to be included in this version. #hasCharacteristic Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No further axioms are expected to be included in this version. #hasCondition Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No further axioms are expected to be included in this version. #hasFood Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No further axioms are expected to be included in this version. #hasIntolerance Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No further axioms are expected to be included in this version. #hasPreference Used to construct recommendation candidate profiles (as GCIs). Refer to main publication for complete usage example. #hasPreference some hasPreference Vegetable SubClassOf <unique usernameuser identifier as class> #hasPreference Was: hasInterest #highIn High participation of nutrient to food. #includes Used to construct recommendation candidate profiles, e.g. meal profiles, activity profiles, restaurant menu item profiles (as GCIs). Refer to main publication for complete usage example. #includes some includes Spinach SubClassOf <unique identifier of candidate meal as class> #lowIn Legacy only, maintained for functional purposes only. No axioms are expected to be included in this version. #lowIn Low participation of nutrient to food.