Ontology about C. elegans and other nematode phenotypes
Variations in the frequencies of translocations, inversions, deletions, or gene amplifications and variations in chromosome fusion events and or chromosomal loss compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in body posture compared to control animals. For example, in C. elegans characteristic sinusoidal body posture is altered.
The animal moves or rests with uncharacteristic loss of smooth sinusoidal motion or body posture. Movement is often characterized by severe bending motions, more sharply angled and/or much deeper than stereotypical sinusoidal body bends of the control animals.
Eggs are laid under conditions where egg laying is normally inhibited.
Eggs are laid at an earlier stage of development, eggs are laid in the presence of inhibitors of egg laying, or the inactive phase of the egg-laying cycle is significantly shorter when compared to control.
Eggs are not laid, laid at a slower rate or eggs are laid at a later stage of development compared to control.
A worm carcass is formed with retained eggs that hatch inside.
Animals respond to anesthetic at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of anesthetic that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Animals respond to a specific drug at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of a drug that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. Animals are not affected by exposure to the drug.
Formation of dauer larvae under conditions that do not favor dauer formation.
Failure to form dauer larvae under dauer-inducing conditions.
Variations in the structure, organization or path of axon tracts that grow circumferentially around the animal in a single, directed trajectory to bridge the ventral and dorsal cords, compared to control animals.
Variations in the movement towards typically attractive chemicals.
Animals respond to aldicarb at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of aldicarb that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
The contraction and relaxation movements of the pharynx occur at a greater frequency compared to that observed for control animals.
Pharyngeal pumping motion occurs at a slower rate than control animals.
Pharyngeal pumping motion occurs at intervals that vary from control animals.
Squat animals are dumpy as homozygotes, but roll as heterozygotes.
Animals are longer than control animals at the same developmental stage.
Animals respond to serotonin at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of serotonin that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Fluid-filled blisters appear on the cuticle.
Animals are unable to take up or store lipids. In C. elegans, this defect results in pale, skinny and arrested larva.
Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances compared to control.
Variations in the processes involved in the conversion of one or more primary RNA transcripts into one or more mature RNA molecules compared to control.
Animals are defective for RNAi introduced by environmental means such as in the cases of RNAi triggered by soaking or feeding.
Variations in the processes that regulate the change (increase) in size or mass of an integrated living unit (a cell, tissue, organ or organism) compared to control animals.
Any variation that causes a reduction in growth rate compared to control.
Animals exhibit some combination of abnormal features relating to size, movement, body integrity, pigmentation, viability, fertility etc.
The timing of specific developmental events in some tissues is altered relative to the timing of events in other tissues.
Contents or structures of an embryonic cell are not restricted/localized to the same positions (or poles) compared with control animals.
Any variation in the overall structure or appearance of the animal as it progresses from hatching to adult compared to control animals.
Any variation in the overall structure or appearance of the animal after it has completed progression through the larval stages compared to control animals.
Any variation in the overall structure or appearance of fertilized oocytes that are laid compared to those laid by control animals.
The animal is ruptured at the vulva and displays an extrusion of internal organs at the site of rupture.
Adult life span is either longer or shorter than typical of control animals.
Embryos fail to divide and arrest as one-cell embryos.
Any variation in the process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of water within an organism, compared to control.
The progression through stages between fertilization to hatching are temporally retarded.
Variations in the progression time of an animal from pronuclei meeting to adulthood compared to control animals.
Egg is smaller or larger compared to eggs of control animals.
The developmental progression of an animal after the embryonic stage, over time, from its formation to its mature structure is delayed compared to control.
More than five minutes between AB and P1 divisions.
Variations in the process by which the germ layers become positioned in an embryo compared to control animals. Gastrulation involves the proper ingression of small groups of cells at various times into the blastocoel space.
Variations in the ability of an animal to emerge from the protective egg shell compared to control animals.
Any variation in the progression of an animal over time, from hatching to adulthood, compared to control.
Animals die during embryonic development. In C. elegans, often assayed as refractile eggs that fail to hatch; when applied to large-scale RNAi screens in C. elegans, more than 10% of embryos die.
The developmental program does not continue past embryogenesis; stage of arrest is not consistent from animal to animal.
Lethality caused by the perturbation of maternal gene products that are contributed to oogenesis and are required during embryogenesis.
Movement and elongation ceases at the two-fold stage. The myofilament lattice in body wall muscle cells is variant. However, development in embryos continues. Embryos hatch as inviable larvae.
The animal dies at any time between hatching and onset to adulthood.
Larvae arrest during early larval development. In C. elegans, this occurs during the L1 or L2 stages of larval development.
Larvae arrest during late larval development. In C. elegans, larval arrest occurs during the L3 or L4 stages of larval development.
Animals die during early larval development. In C.elegans, this occurs during the L1- L2 larval stages of the life cycle.
Animals die during late larval development. In C. elegans, this occurs during the L3- L4 larval stages of the life cycle.
The developmental program of the animals halts at any larval stage and thus fails to reach adulthood. In C.elegans, this occurs anytime during L1-L4 stage.
Premature lethality during the adult stage. When applied to large-scale RNAi screens in C. elegans, this phenotype is present in at least 10% of analyzed worms, or at least 30% in the case of rrf-3 perturbed background.
The duration of viability in the adult phase of the life-cycle surpasses that of control animals.
Animals die prematurely at any stage of the life cycle.
Variations that cause developmental progression to cease at different stages of the lifecycle.
Animals die prematurely at any stage of the life cycle in a sex dependent manner.
XO-bearing individuals die preferentially over other animals in the population. In C.elegans, X0 animals die preferentially over XX animals.
XX-bearing individuals die preferentially over other animals in the population. In C.elegans, XX animals die preferentially over X0 animals.
Animals exhibit variations in response to stress stimuli compared to control animals.
Any variation in the state or activity of a cell (in terms of secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) in response to high levels of reactive oxygen species, compared to control.
cellular oxidative stress response variant
Any variation in the progression of the progeny of an animal at any time from its fertilization to adulthood compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of the somatic reproductive components of the posterior segment of the male from that observed in control males. In C. elegans, this region of the male includes the terminal canals of the reproductive tract, the digestive tract, and spicule channels along with the male specific sensilla (ray, post-cloacal, hook and spicule) and extends to the tip of the acellular fan.
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any portion of their anterior end (which typically includes the anterior sensilla, pharynx and all muscles that are innervated by the nerve ring) compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any portion of their anatomy between the head and the tail compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any portion of the most posterior region of the body compared to control. The anterior bound of the tail is not well defined though it might range from the position of the post-deirids to the opening of the anus (Wormatlas).
Any variation in the set of interactions occurring between a group of genes who depend on each other's individual functions in order to make the aggregate function of the network available to the cell, compared to control.
Any variation in the attachment of the rigid external coating (which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some interfacial epithelial cells) to the outer body of an animal compared to control (Wormatlas).
Variations in the adhesion of the layer of cells that cover the external surface of an organism which serves to protect the animal from external environment compared to control.
Animals exhibit defects in the process of shedding, part or all of its cuticle, during cuticle replacement.
The hypodermal cells, which lie along the lateral body wall to form longitudinal stripes of epithelial cells underlying the alae, are misplaced such that they are stacked along the dorsal-ventral axis rather than forming a continuous row of adjacent cells .
The small linear ridges running along the lateral lines of the cuticle of adults are branched as opposed to having an unbiforcated arrangement, lengthwise along the body (Wormatlas).
Animals lack the anterior portion of the pharynx.
The developmental program of the animals does not continue past the first larval stage (L1).
The developmental program of the animals does not continue past the second larval stage (L2).
The developmental program of the animals does not continue past the third larval stage (L3).
The developmental program of the animals does not continue past the fourth larval stage (L4).
The intestinal lumen is expanded and can often be shown to be filled with bacteria. This swelling is distinct from distension of the entire intestine (intestinal edema).
Intestine is shrunken and may appear constricted.
Any variation in the progression of a body wall muscle cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control.
body wall muscle cell development abnormal
The arrangement of the principal muscle cell type whose contractile activity generates body motion in the nematode differs from that observed in control animals. In C. elegans they consist of 95 unfused cells in the adult organized into four muscle quadrants. Their sarcomeres are obliquely striated and lie lengthwise along the body wall (Wormatlas).
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of alpha amanitin that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Animals are deficient in the adhesion of the cuticle to the epidermal surface of the animal.
The cell(s) whose principal function is to provide contractile forces, is separated from the adjacent epidermis.
Any variation in the processes that govern the expansion of intestinal cell populations compared to control.
The descendants of a particular precursor cell exhibit variations in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals.
Any variation in the progression of the caudal opening of the rectum in the tail over time compared to control (Wormatlas).
The descendants of the M precursor cell exhibit variations in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. In C. elegans the M lineage is a postembryonic mesodermal lineage.
Variations in the progression of the epithelial chamber that links the genital and alimentary tracts to the exterior via the anus (cloacal opening) over time compared to control (Wormatlas).
The descendants of the AB blastomere exhibit variations in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals.
Any variation in the progression of the cells that form a narrow passage connecting the posterior bulb of the pharynx to the anterior intestine over time compared to control. In C. elegans this valve is composed of 3 pairs of cells each forming a flattened disc-like ring and is lined by a layer of cuticle (Wormatlas).
pharyngeal intestinal valve development abnormal
pharyngeal intestinal valve development variant
The descendants of any of the P precursor cells exhibit variations in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals.
Cells exhibit variations in their response to ultraviolet radiation compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit an increase in the extent of activation of programmed cell death by exposure to the nucleic acid damaging agent, UV irradiation, compared to control.
Animals display variations in the organization, accumulation or distribution of transmitter-containing membrane-bound organelles (synaptic vesicles) compared to that observed in control animals.
Any variation in the progression of the different inclusions within the intestinal cytoplasm, including birefringent crystalline objects and other dark-staining endosomes over time compared to control. In C. elegans these contents might include glycogen granules (polysaccharide storage), rhabditin (carbohydrate storage), yolk granules (lipid and protein), and concentrated waste products (Wormatlas).
Contents or structures of a cell are no longer restricted/localized to their typical positions within the cell.
Variations in the progression of a developing oocyte, from diakinesis to metaphase (meiosis I), in response to a signal compared to control animals. Meiotic maturation is accompanied by nuclear envelope breakdown (germinal vesicle breakdown), cytoskeletal rearrangement and meiotic spindle assembly.
Variations in the processes that negatively regulate the meiotic progression of oocytes (exit from diakinesis) in the absence of a signal compared to control animals.
inhibition of oocyte maturation abnormal
Any variation that alters the control mechanisms that inhibit oocyte maturation and release of a mature oocyte into the spermatheca (for subsequent fertilization), compared to control.
Any variation in the cellular or subcellular distribution of a gene product compared to that observed in control animals.
Variations in the biogenesis and stability of protein molecules compared to control.
Variations in the biogenesis and stability of any class of RNA molecules (rRNAs, miRNAs, tRNAs etc) compared to control.
Variations in the biogenesis and stability of messenger RNA molecules compared to control.
Any variation in the progression of the anterior portion of the pharynx over time compared to control. In C. elegans the anterior region includes the corpus (procorpus and metacorpus - first bulb).
Animals die in between the early and late larval stages. In C. elegans, this occurs during the L2- L3 larval stages of the life cycle.
Animals die at the L1 stage of the life cycle.
L2 lethal: Animals die at the L2 stage of the life cycle.
Any change that results in higher than normal levels of protein expression compared to control animals.
Any change that results in lower than normal levels of protein expression compared to control animals.
Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein, compared to control.
Any variation in the posttranslational modification of a protein (which may include cleavage of peptide bonds) leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of the protein compared to control.
Variations that cause a decrease in the expression level of a biological catalyst, compared to control animals.
Any variation that results in a decrease in the catalytic activity of an enzyme compared to control. Catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein (can include an RNA component).
Any variation that results in an increase in the catalytic activity of an enzyme compared to control. Catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein (can include an RNA component).
Variations in the time from pronuclei meeting to furrow initiation during the first cell division compared to control animals.
general pace of development defective early emb
Characteristic exit from the dauer stage is altered compared to control animals.
Animals are more likely to form dauers at temperatures that do not induce dauer entry in control animals.
temperature induced dauer formation increased
Animals do not enter dauer at a temperature that induces dauer formation in control animals.
temperature induced dauer formation defective
Animals enter the dauer stage when exposed to lower concentrations or shorter exposure times of chemicals that induce dauer formation compared to that observed in control animals.
pheromone induced dauer formation enhanced
Animals do not enter dauer when exposed to chemicals that induce dauer formation in control animals.
pheromone induced dauer formation defective
Animals exhibit variations in the entry into the dauer stage when exposed to concentrations of chemicals that induce dauer formation in control animals.
pheromone induced dauer formation abnormal
pheromone induced dauer formation variant
The levels of an enzyme involved in the manufacture of lipids are decreased compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit a decrease in the intensity of expression of a gene product compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit an increase in the intensity of expression of a gene product compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit elevated levels of messenger RNA compared to control.
Animals exhibit decreased levels of messenger RNA compared to control.
The constituent parts or ratio of elements that make up lipids are altered when compared to that of control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in survival when exposed to stress stimuli that induce lethality in control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in cessation of development when exposed to stress stimuli that induce developmental arrest in control animals.
Animal populations exhibit a further decrease in survival when exposed to stress stimuli compared to the lethality rate observed in control animals.
Variations in the activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress, compared to control. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
Animals exhibit variations in their response to ultraviolet radiation compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit an increase in the extent of activation of programmed cell death by exposure to a pathogen or pathogenic cue, compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the time of onset or duration of the fertile period, or production of new individuals that contain some portion of their genetic material inherited from that organism compared to control.
Animals do not respond to changes in temperature or thermal stress in the same manner as control animals. In C.elegans this is often measured by changes in the expression of stress proteins or changes in life span.
Any variation in the state or activity of an organism as a result of deprivation of nourishment, compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the entry into the dauer stage when exposed to nutrient poor conditions that induce dauer formation in control animals.
starvation induced dauer formation abnormal
starvation induced dauer formation variant
Animals are more likely to form dauers under nutrient conditions that do not induce dauer entry in control animals.
starvation induced dauer formation increased
Animals do not enter dauer under nutrient-poor conditions that induce dauer formation in control animals.
starvation induced dauer formation defective
Embryos generate an excess number of anterior derived pharyngeal cells. In C. elegans, embryos generate an excess number of AB blastomere-derived pharyngeal cells. This hyperinduction of anterior pharyngeal tissue is associated with defects in fate specification of the ABp blastomere.
One-cell embryos do not form the shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate at the onset of cytokinesis.
no cleavage furrow first division early emb
Initiation, strength, extent or cessation of body wall muscle activity that results in the shortening of the muscle, is aberrant compared to control animals.
The characteristic number of offspring produced is lower compared to that of control animals.
Contents or structures of the cell are oriented on the opposite side of the cell compared to control animals; In C. elegans, this can result in the fate pattern of descendants being flipped.
Any variation in the time interval between successive contractions of the body wall muscles during the defecation motor program compared to cantrol.
body wall muscle contraction interval abnormal
body wall muscle contraction interval during defecation abnormal
Animals exhibit variations in the sustained posterior body muscle contractions that precede the remaining contractions of the defecation cycle compared to control animals.
posterior body wall contraction abnormal
posterior body wall contraction defective
posterior body wall contraction defecation cycle variant
obsolete posterior body wall shortened interval
OBSOLETE: Animals exhibit variations in the entry/exit into a state of arrested tissue development during the dauer larval stage in response to harsh environmental conditions, compared to control. In C. elegans, the dauer larva enters a state of arrest in which no developmental changes occur, until the animal finds more suitable growing conditions, or until it spontaneously shifts back into a normal developmental schedule. (WormAtlas).
Embryos do not form a defined shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate at the onset of cytokinesis.
Any variation in the rotation of centrosomes and associated pronuclei in one-cell embryo, occurring as a transition between pronuclear migration and pronuclear fusion compared to control.
Larva show deficiencies in chroma resulting in increased translucency.
Larva appear unusually transparent when compared to control.
Animals exhibit a reduced girth compared to a control animal of the same developmental stage.
Variations in the ability of two or more individual cells to form a syncytium (a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane) via the fusion of the plasma membranes. Cell fusion is dependent on the merging of lipid bilayer membranes as well as cytoplasmic mixing.
Variations in the ability of seam cells to fuse to form a continuous syncytium along the body wall late larval development, (separate from the hyp 7 syncytium), compared to control (WormAtlas). Hypodermal seam cells lie along the lateral body wall to form longitudinal stripes of epithelial cells underlying the alae, and are required for alae formation.
Seam cells fuse to form a continuous syncytium along the body wall at an earlier stage of development compared to control.
Variations in the regulated release of proteins needed for alae formation by epidermal seam cells compared to control. Alae are small linear ridges running along the lateral lines of the cuticle, lengthwise along the body (WormAtlas).
Cells leave the M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis) at an earlier time than sister or other control cells.
Formation of alae occurs earlier in development compared to control animals; In C. elegans, adult lateral alae are typically generated during the late L4 stage.
Any aberrancy in the processes that govern expansion of cell populations compared to control animals.
The processes governing the expansion of cell populations are altered compared to control animals, such that cell populations are increased.
The processes governing the expansion of cell populations are altered compared to control animals, such that cell populations are decreased.
Any variation in the progression of the layer of connective tissue over the surface of tissues that serves to separate it from neighboring tissues, from its formation to its mature structure compared to control (Wormatlas).
Excessive and often uncoordinated body wall muscle contraction leading to shortening of the body.
Any variation in the specific actions or reactions of an animal after completion of feeding, typically after a fast, compared to that observed in control animals. In C. elegans worms become behaviorally quiescent and cease feeding and moving when sated.
Any variation that results in a decrease of acetylcholine esterase levels, compared to control.
Cells are observed to undergo a dramatic decrease in cell volume, collapse of the vacuoles, and complete disintegration of the plasma membrane and most organelles.
Cells specialized for receiving, conducting and transmitting impulses in the nervous system are observed to undergo a dramatic decrease in cell volume, collapse of the vacuoles and processes, and complete disintegration of the plasma membrane and most organelles.
Animals display variations in the structure, organization of components, or spatial pattern of the projection that conducts signal away from the cell body, compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals display variations in the directed path taken by the axon compared to the path the nerve fiber follows in the nervous system in control animals.
Any perturbation that causes a decrease in the frequency of cell death by apoptosis compared to control animals.
Any perturbation that causes an elevation in the frequency of cell death by apoptosis compared to control animals.
Cells do not undergo the form of programmed cell death characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), classically little or no ultrastructural modifications of cytoplasmic organelles, plasma membrane blebbing (but maintenance of its integrity until the final stages of the process) and engulfment by resident phagocytes.
Animals exhibit a decreased pace of the programmed cell death pathway, compared to that observed for control cells.
Any aberrancy in the processes that influence the generation and maturation of oocytes compared to control animals.
oocyte germ cell differentiation abnormal
The overall structure or appearance of fertilized oocytes that are laid has every part of their surface equidistant from the center.
Any variation in the 'arm-like' form, structure or composition of the specialized tissue of the reproductive tract that produces gametes compared to control. In C. elegans the reproductive tract in the hermaphrodite has two equivalent gonad 'arms', while the male has a one-armed gonad.
Hypodermal cells fail to be organized in the same manner as observed in control animals. In C. elegans, hypodermal cells typically organize into distinct dorsal, lateral and ventral rows and cover the entire body.
Animals fail to exit from the facultative diapause of the dauer larval stage of nematode development.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to a situation when there is too high a density of nematodes to be supported by the available amount of food and space compared to that observed in control animals (Wormatlas).
Any variation that results in the misregulation of enzymatic activity such that catalysis occurs at a constant rate regardless of physiological demand or the concentration of a substrate.
Any variation within an enzyme that causes it to act antagonistically towards the wild-type enzymatic product. These mutations usually result in an altered molecular function (often inactive) and are characterized by a dominant or semi-dominant phenotype.
Variations in the placement of the polar body formed in the first division of meiosis of a primary oocyte, compared to control. A polar body is the by-product of meiosis (destined to degenerate) in female or hermaphrodite animals.
Variations in the migration pattern of distal tip cells compared to control animals. In C. elegans, DTCs located on the anterior and posterior ends of the gonad primordium typically migrate in a symmetrical U-shaped pattern.
The morphological appearance of distal tip cells is varied compared to control animals.
Variations in a cell's ability to influence the fate of another cell (often of different developmental potential or ancestry via short range signaling).
Any variation in the progression of the finger-like sensory sensilla that project from the tail and embed in the male fan from its formation to the mature structure when compared to control animals.
male tail sensory ray development abnormal
male tail sensory ray development variant
Variations in the progression of structures/tissues surrounding a cell over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control.
pericellular component development abnormal
pericellular component development variant
Any variation in the progression of the formation of the rigid external coating (which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some interfacial epithelial cells) over time compared to control animals (Wormatlas).
Any variation in the small linear ridges running along the lateral lines of the cuticle, lengthwise along the body compared to control (Wormatlas).
Animals exhibit variations in the characteristic desensitization to a volatile organic chemo-attractive signal in a time-concentration dependent and reversible manner compared to control animals.
Variations in the anterior body muscle contraction (aBoc) step of the defecation cycle compared to control animals. Under normal conditions, anterior body wall muscles contract and pressurize the intestinal contents during the aBoc step.
anterior body contraction defecation cycle variant
Any variation in the expulsion of gut contents compared to control. In C. elegans, this refers to the final step of the defecation cycle in which the intestinal muscle and anal depressor contractions further pressurize intestinal contents and open the anus to permit expulsion.
A non-sex chromosome fails to segregate away from its homologous chromosome, resulting in gametes with no or extra copies of the non-sex homolog.
Any variation in the stereotyped sequence of muscle contractions that result in defecation over a fixed time period compared to control .
The mean time between the onset of the defecation motor program is greater than that observed for control animals.
The mean time between the onset of the defecation motor program is shorter than that observed for control animals.
Any variation in the stereotyped muscle contractions that result in defecation compared to control . In C. elegans these contractions include posterior body contraction (pBoc), anterior body contraction (aBoc), expulsion of gut contents by enteric muscle contraction (Emc) and opening of anus (Exp).
The rhythmic contractions of the muscles coordinating the elimination of gut contents are no longer synchronized compared to control.
Animals contain body regions that are more narrow or drawn together than adjacent body regions.
Variations in the progression of a zygote from formation (gamete fusion) to just prior to the first cell division compared to control.
Animals respond to alpha amanitin at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Animals lack all germline progenitor cells, thereby resulting in the complete absence of a germline.
Any variation in the processes that govern acquisition of particular cell fates compared to control animals.
The time in which a muscle contraction event that controls feeding is increased compared to control. Contractions of the pharynx are necessary for bacterial uptake from the surrounding environment.
An excess number of vulval precursor cells receive an inductive signal leading to an increased number of VPCs adopting vulval fates compared to control animals.
Vulval precursor cells receive a decrease in inductive signal leading to fewer VPCs adopting vulval fates compared to control animals.
Any aberrancy in the processes that govern acquisition of vulval cell fates compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in any chemical reaction or pathway involving neurotransmitters compared to control animals. Neurotransmitters are any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.
Animals exhibit variations in any chemical reaction or pathway involving serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter, compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in any chemical reaction or pathway involving acetylcholine, compared to control. Acetylcholine is the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline.
Animals do not contain or are unable to maintain a perceivable level of serotonin capable of initiating or maintaining serotonin-dependent cell activity.
Animals are unable to carry out the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of serotonin.
Animals are unable to carry out any chemical reaction or pathway resulting in the breakdown of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter.
The inability of a male to properly turn during mating behavior. In C. elegans, males typically turn via a sharp ventral arch of the tail, as he approaches either the hermaphrodite head or tail.
Animals accumulate a greater number of genetic lesions than control animals in the absence of an externally controlled mutagen. In C. elegans, this is often measured by observing the number of reversion events of a known mutant gene function over a couple generations.
Animals are shorter and thinner than control animals at the same developmental stage.
The girth of the region posterior to the vulva is reduced compared to that anterior to the vulva (the Wit phenotype). In C. elegans this phenotype is associated with anteriorward misplacement of the CAN neurons.
Animals exhibit variations in the physical dimensions of its body compared to control animals of the same developmental stage.
Variation in the migration pattern of CAN neurons. In C. elegans, CAN neurons move posteriorly from their birthplace in the head to positions near the middle of the embryo.
Animals exhibit variations in any chemical reaction or pathway involving dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline, compared to control.
Animals do not contain or are unable to maintain a the level of dopamine capable of initiating or maintaining dopamine-dependent cell activity compared to control animals.
Animals are unable to carry out the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine.
Animals are unable to carry outany chemical reaction or pathway resulting in the breakdown of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.
Animals extend intensity of roaming and or dwelling activity compared to control animals. In C. elegans, hyperactivity may include an increase in nose-lifts per minute.
Animals decrease intensity or rate of roaming and or dwelling activity compared to control animals.
The descendants of a vulval precursor cell exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. In C. elegans, the VPCs are P3.p-P8.p.
The processes governing the expansion of blast cell populations vary, such that cell populations are decreased compared to control.
Animals exhibit an increase in the quantity of cells that have undergone programmed cell death but have not been engulfed.
The epidermal cells of the embryo fail to elongate. In C. elegans, this elongation occurs along an anterior-posterior axis, which is required to transform the bean-shaped embryo into the elongated shape of the worm.
Removal of cell corpses through a dedicated engulfment pathway is defective.
Cells fail to complete the form of programmed cell death characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), classically little or no ultrastructural modifications of cytoplasmic organelles, plasma membrane blebbing (but maintenance of its integrity until the final stages of the process) and engulfment by resident phagocytes.
Variations in the movement of sex myoblasts compared to control animals. In C. elegans, the larval SM migrate anteriorly to the precise center of the developing hermaphrodite gonad.
Animals exhibit variation in the time of onset of the defecation motor program significantly greater than that observed for control animals.
Failure to execute the characteristic response to sodium as defined by control animals. In C. elegans, sodium is typically an attractant.
Failure to execute the characteristic avoidance response to solutions of high osmotic strength as defined by control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in any chemical reaction or pathway involving octopamine, 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol, compared to control.
Animals do not contain or are unable to maintain a perceivable level of octopamine capable of initiating or maintaining dopamine-dependent cell activity.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of caffeine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit a lack of consistency, regularity, or uniformity while traveling from one location to another.
Failure to execute the characteristic response to chloride. In C. elegans, chloride is typically an attractant.
Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the neuronal cells of the amphid and phasmid sensilla from that observed in control animals. In C. elegans, these neurons are commonly assayed by dye-filling experiments using FITC, DiI or DiO.
amphid phasmid neuron morphology variant
Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the neuronal cells of the amphid sensillum, from that observed in control animals. In C. elegans, these neurons are commonly assayed by dye-filling experiments using FITC, DiI or DiO.
Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the neuronal cells of the phasmid sensillum, from that observed in control animals. In C. elegans, these neurons are commonly assayed by dye-filling experiments using FITC, DiI or DiO.
Variations in the regulated release of substances by a cell compared to control.
Variations in the regulated release of substances by nonneuronal cells that enclose or ensheath the tips of the sensory dendrites compared to control.
The regulated release of materials by sheath cells is disrupted.
Amphid sheath cells lack the ability to secrete vesicles and their contents within the amphid pocket.
Animals exhibit variations in the structure or composition of the microtubule-based fibrillar bundle (axoneme) that makes up the core of the middle part of the cilium (in a pattern of nine doublet microtubules attached to the membrane and a variable number of smaller singlet microtubules occupying the center). In C. elegans, the axoneme microtubules are arranged in a pattern of nine doublets attached to the membrane with seven smaller singlet microtubules occupying the center.
The microbule-based fibrillar bundle in the core of the cilium is reduced in length compared to axonemes of similar cells in control animals.
Failure to execute the characteristic response to cAMP as defined by control animals. In C. elegans, cAMP is typically an attractant.
Movement towards typically attractive volatile organic chemicals is altered as defined by control animals. In C. elegans, these odorants are typically sensed by the AWA and AWC neurons.
Variations that disrupt stereotypical cleavage patterns (such as cleavage rate, division axes or asymmetric division) compared to control.
Any variation that causes a delay in the stereotypical cleavage event compared to control.
Any variation that causes a delay in the stereotypical cleavage pattern of the P cell compared to control.
OBSOLETE. Animals display a phenotype that has not yet been assigned to a current classification.
Seemingly unrelated variations that concurrently occur during early embryonic development compared to control animals. In C. elegans, this can include multiple pronuclei, aberrant cytoplasmic texture, decrease in overall pace of development and osmotic sensitivity.
The rate of the intrinsic behavioral program that serves to move fertilized eggs down the uterus, through the vulva, and out of the worm onto the substrate does not conform to the pattern observed in control animals (Wormatlas).
The number of body thrashes within an aqueous environment in a given period of time are reduced compared with control worms.
Organisms respond to UV at a lower dose or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to X-ray radiation compared to that observed in control animals.
The timing of a biological cycle that recurs with regularity is delayed compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency or translucency of a particular body region.
Males exhibit defects in the insertion of the male copulatory spicules into the mating partner. In C. elegan spicule insertion behavior initiates when the male cloaca contacts the vulva. During most mating encounters, the spicule tips will prod the vulva continuously until they partially penetrate, which then causes the protractors to contract completely so that the spicules extend through the vulva.
The small linear ridges running along the lateral lines of the cuticle, lengthwise along the body, contain gaps as opposed to a continuous arrangement (Wormatlas).
Variations in the progression of the muscles of the adult male reproductive system over time form their initial formation to their mature structure compared to control.
Variations in the progression of the muscles of the adult hermaphrodite reproductive system over time form their initial formation to their mature structure compared to control.
hermaphrodite sex muscle development abnormal
hermaphrodite sex muscle development variant
Animals exhibit defects in the continuity of lumen between the vulva and uterus compared to control animals.
Any defect in the process whereby a male inseminates his partner by introducing sperm into the genital tract.
The extreme ends of any of the finger-like sensory sensilla that project from the tail and embed in the male fan appear bloated or distended.
Embryos fail to be organized in the same manner as observed in control animals.
obsolete vulval invagination L4 abnormal
Variations in the progression of the lineages that gives rise to all germ cells, lying in the region adjacent to the proximal gonad (on the side furthest from the founder cells of the somatic gonad), over time compared to control animals.
Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the portion of the somatic gonad which encloses the fertilized eggs after their passage through the spermatheca compared to control (Wormatlas).
Animals lack fully specialized male gametes that are competent for fertilization.
Hermaphrodites lack fully specialized female gametes that are competent for fertilization.
Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency of a organ system.
Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency of the alimentary system.
Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that decrease the transparency/translucency of the intestine.
Animals are able to survive for longer periods at temperatures above standard culture temperatures than control animals.
The elongated sclerotized structures covered by a hardened layer of cuticle in the male tail (which are actively everted during copulation to fasten the male copulatory fan to the vulva) are deformed. In C. elegans males there are two copulatory spicules.
Any of the finger-like sensory sensilla that project from the tail and embed in the male fan are joined to one another.
Any of the finger-like sensory sensilla that project from the tail and embed in the male fan are shifted from their customary place.
Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the sense organs comprised of ciliated sensory nerve endings enveloped by sheath and/or socket cells, from that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the structure or composition of the amphid sensillum cell that ensheathes the dendrite tips of channel neurons and wing cell dedritic processes, from that observed in control animals. Sheath cells in C.elegans have highly invaginated and vesiculated surfaces, which provide a specialized environment for the dendritic structures.
A migrating distal tip cell (DTC) fails to follow the stereotypical path. In C. elegans this path is U-shaped and results in the formation of reflexed gonadal arm.
Failure to execute the characteristic response to benzaldehyde as defined by control animals. In C.elegans benzaldehyde is typically attractive.
Failure to execute the characteristic response to diacetyl as defined by control animals. In C.elegans diacetyl is typically attractive.
Failure to execute the characteristic response to isoamyl alcohol as defined by control animals. In C.elegans isoamyl alcohol is typically attractive.
Animals exhibit variations in any of a series of events in which a pheromone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal that influences behavior in control animals.
Any variation in the characteristic expression of a gene product produced by exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism compared to control animals.
Animals fail to detect a pheromone stimulus that induces dauer formation in control animals.
Any variation in the processes that govern development of the dauer larva, a developmentally arrested, larval stage that is specialized for survival under harsh, or otherwise unfavorable, environmental conditions. In C. elegans this is an alternative third larval stage.
Any variation that decreases the ability of dauer larva to tolerate the exposure to sodium dodecyl sulfate (a detergent) compared to control.
Neurons lack the finger-like dendritic projections, which are observed extending from similar cells in control animals.
Animals are incapable of synthesizing pheromones that induce dauer formation in control animals.
Developing oocytes show defects in their initial entry or progression through the meiotic pathway (such as failure to exit diakinesis).
meiotic progression during oogenesis abnormal
meiotic progression during oogenesis variant
Animals are slight or meager in body size compared to control animals at the same developmental stage.
Any variation with respect to perception or response to mechanical stimuli compared to control animals.
Failure to execute a characteristic response when struck or stroked in the posterior region. In C. elegans, animals move forward movement when struck or stroked in the posterior region, usually with a hair or similar fiber. The posterior region lies between the vulva and the tail.
Animals are deficient in the foraging response in which an animal quickly pulls its head away from a stimulus to the nose (Wormatlas).
Cells of the animals proceed through their replicative phase at a pace slower than observed for control cells.
Animals have increased girth and increased length compared to control animals at the same developmental stage.
Animals show a decrease in survivorship after thawing compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any portion of the extreme anterior part of their body compared to control.
The extreme anterior part of the body appears blunted in shape.
The most anterior portion of the animal appears bloated or distended.
Animals exhibit a decreased body length compared to control animals of the same developmental stage.
Animals respond to arecoline at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of arecoline that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Any defect in the muscle contractions of the extended anterior region of the pharynx lying just anterior to the isthmus and terminal bulb (Wormatlas).
Variations in the rhythmic contractions of the posterior pharynx (terminal bulb), such as timing, strength etc. In C. elegans contraction of the terminal bulb inverts the grinder, allowing bacteria in front of the grinder to be broken up and transported to the intestine.
The rhythmic contractions of pharyngeal compartments are no longer synchronized compared to control. In C. elegans the corpus and terminal bulb normally contract simultaneously.
Defects in rhythmic pharyngeal relaxations compared to control animals. In C. elegans pharyngeal relaxation follows a contraction event and facilitates bacterial trapping within the pharynx while expelling liquid.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of sodium potassium ATPase antagonists that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Animals respond to inhibitors of sodium potassium ATPase at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
inhibitors of sodium potassium ATPase hypersensitive
The time interval of the stereotyped sequence of muscle contractions by individual pharyngeal muscles that act to draw food into the pharynx is shorter compared to that observed in control (Wormatlas).
Failure of muscle contractions in the corpus and isthmus to trap and transport bacteria posteriorly in the pharynx.
Failure of pharyngeal contractions to trap and transport bacteria posteriorly. In C. elegans this defect results in a distention of the pharyngeal lumen.
Variations in the rhythmic relaxations of the posterior pharynx (terminal bulb). In C. elegans the relaxation of the terminal bulb returns the grinder to its relaxed forward position.
Failure of the grinder to come to a full relaxed position between pumps compared to control.
Swelling in the post anal region compared to control. In C. elegans this swelling can be associated with infection from the nematode-specific bacterial pathogen, Microbacterium nematophilum.
Worms sporatically appear turgid or swollen as a result of an excess number of eggs being retained in the uterus.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of imipramine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Animals respond to imipramine at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the adult male tail including the lateral fan and rays compared to control.
Any of the contents that comprise the epithelial chamber that links the genital and alimentary tracts to the exterior via the anus extend into the external environment through the cloacal opening.
Any variation that alters the physical partitioning and separation of a vulval precursor cell into daughter cells compared to control.
Adult animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter its transparency/translucency compared to control animals.
Any variation in the progression of the cuticle-lined sinus opening on the posterior ventral surface of the animal over time from its formation to its mature structure compared to control (Wormatlas). The function of the rectum is to excrete waste products from the alimentary system.
A semi-paralysed body phenotype in which muscle tone is lost and the animal fails to actively control its body shape (Wormatlas).
Any variation in the structure or appearance of the thin cuticle specialization found at the extreme posterior end of the hermaphrodite tail compared to control.
Animals fail to emerge from an egg shell.
Backward movement is not coordinated as in control. This often causes jerky or spastic backward locomotion.
Animals spend more time backing compared to control animals.
Variations in the processes leading to the specialization of cell. Differentiation impacts diverse cellular properties such as size, shape, polarity, gene expression and responsiveness to signals/cues.
Specialization of HSN precursor cells to mature HSN neurons occurs at an earlier stage of development compared to control.
The progression of immature germ cells to functional sperm is retarded compared to control.
Animals lay inactivated oocytes. In C elegans this may be due to perturbations that eliminate spermatogenesis or result in the production of defective sperm.
Animals execute supernumerary cell divisions post-hatching.
Animals exhibit variations in the response to the addition of tunicamycin compared to that observed in control animals. Tunicamycin induces the unfolded protein response.
The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, or within the cytoplasm of a cell is impaired.
Cessation of development at an intermediate stage in embryogenesis, immediately following the completion of gastrulation. In C. elegans this occurs around 350-390 minutes after first cleavage, cell number is at approximately 560 cells. At this time cell proliferation ceases and the embryo begins morphogenesis and elongation. The shape of the entire embryo within the eggshell resembles a lima bean (Wormatlas).
Any variation in the progression of the fluid-filled compartment inside the developing embryo at the onset of gastrulation over time from its formation to its mature structure compared to control (Wormatlas).
Any variation that delays the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells compared to control.
The birefringent inclusions typically found in the intestinal cytoplasm accumulate extracellularly in the intestinal lumen.
Variations in the ability of an embryo to maintain osmotic balance. In C.elegans this can result in an embryo filling the egg shell and lysing.
embryo osmotic integrity defective early emb
Cessation of development that normally occurs in C. elegans 520-620min after the first cleavage at 20C, the stage between the 2-fold and fully elongated embryo.
Cessation of development during the middle stage in embryogenesis of the worm in which the embryo is slightly folded within the eggshell (Wormatlas).
Cessation of development that normally occurs in C. elegans 420-460 min after the first embryonic cleavage at 20C, the stage between the comma and 2-fold embryo.
Cessation of development during the final two stages in embryogenesis, 'early pretzel' stage and 'late pretzel' stage, just prior to hatching. The animal now is folded into four lengths within the eggshell and resembles a pretzel. By early pretzel stage, the head begins to move independently from the body (Wormatlas).
The fertilized oocytes have a greater than standard length measured end to end compared to control.
The physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells is interupted.
Animals lack the two small cells produced, each during one of the two meiotic cell divisions (Wormatlas).
The overall structure or appearance of fertilized oocytes that are laid exhibit nonconsistent and significant deviation from that of control animals.
The time interval in which early embryonic cell divisions occur is increased compared to control.
The time interval in which late embryonic cell divisions occur is increased compared to control.
Animals lack the inner space of the uterus through which the fertilized egg passes on its way out of the nematode via the vulva (Wormatlas).
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of the internal space of the excretory canal compared to control animals.
Pharyngeal muscle contractions show less displacement than that observed in control animals.
The most anterior portion of the animal contains a V-shaped indentation.
The final step of the defecation motor program does not occur at each cycle, but is activated occasionally. During this step in C. elegans specialized enteric muscles contract to expel the contents of the gut through the anus.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of serotonin reuptake inhibitors that elicit a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Animals respond to serotonin reuptake inhibitors at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
serotonin reuptake inhibitor hypersensitive
The de novo synthesis of any lipid species is reduced compared to that observed in control animals.
Variations in the cue-directed extension of an axon towards a specific target site compared to control. (Axon guidance often depends on a combination of attractive and repulsive cues).
Animals produce an increased sperm population compared to control.
Programmed cell death of germ cells caused by exposure to DNA-damaging chemical agents does not occur to the same extent as it does in control animals.
genotoxic chemical induced apoptosis variant
The mature male gametes lack self-propelled movement.
Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the mature male gamete, which merges with an oocyte to create a fertilized embryo copared to control (Wormatlas).
Any perturbation that renders hermaphrodite derived sperm incompetent at fertilizing an oocyte.
hermaphrodite sperm fertilization defective
Spermatids fail to mature into active sperm. In C. elegans round sessile spermatids mature into spermatozoa (polarized cells with a motile pseudopod), upon copulation or treatment with proteases.
Animals lack one or more of the stereotyped muscle contractions that result in defecation compared to control. In C. elegans these contractions include posterior body contraction (pBoc), anterior body contraction (aBoc), expulsion of gut contents by enteric muscle contraction (Emc) and opening of anus (Exp).
Animals exhibit an increase in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that fluoresce in the intestine.
Characteristic movement of cells from one site to another is abolished compared to control.
Any variation in the movement of a protein through a gel matrix when an electric field is applied compared to control.
Animals are agametic (lack mature germ cells).
Gonadal arms do not bend or curve. In C. elegans gonad arms normally reflex to form a stereotypical U-shaped pattern.
Animals do not respond to prodding with a fine platinum wire or similar tool compared to controls.
Animals do not respond to stroking to the head or tail with a hair or similar fiber, but does respond to stronger mechanical stimuli such as prodding with a fine platinum wire or similar tool compared to controls.
Any variation in the progression of the components of the gonad that are separate from the germline proper over time from its formation to its mature structure compared to control (Wormatlas).
The developmental progression of the set of precursor cells that later give rise to the somatic tissues of the gonadal tract is impaired (Wormatlas).
somatic gonad primordium development defective
Animals lack the portion of the somatic gonad which encloses the fertilized eggs after their passage through the spermatheca (Wormatlas).
Lawn avoidance refers to behavior in which animals initially enter the bacterial lawn but later exit and remain near the edge of the bacteria. Lawn avoidance is often a response to bacterial food, that is pathogenic or low quality to the animal.
Any defect in the movement of sperm out of the seminal vesicle and into the vas deferens following tonic insertion of spicules into the mating partner compared to control.
The emergence of larvae from their protective egg shells is retarded compared to control animals.
The size of haploid female germ cells (oocytes) are significantly larger compared to control.
Animals have protrusions or bumps on their exterior which are not characteristic of control animals.
The process through which a dauer larva reverts to normal developmental programs is blocked.
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any of its parts at different stages of the lifecycle, compared to control animals.
Animals lack the stereotyped sequence of muscle contractions that result in defecation over a fixed time period compared to control.
Animals die as rigid, rod-like larva. In C. elegans this defect is often caused by the misspecification of the excretory duct cell.
Failure to execute the characteristic response to 1-octanol as defined by control animals. In C.elegans 1-octanol is typically a repellant.
Pharyngeal muscle is immobilized resulting in lack of pumping or lack of response to external stimulation.
The cell takes on a different identity from which it was initially committed.
Animals exhibit variations in the cell death process that is morphologically characterized by a gain in cell volume (oncosis), swelling of organelles, plasma membrane rupture and subsequent loss of intracellular contents, compared to control.
Variations in the generation of the nutrient protein produced by intestinal cells and secreted by them into the pseudocoelom, from which it can be shared with other tissues in the body compared to control (Wormatlas).
The process of physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells is abolished.
The physical partitioning and separation of an intestinal cell into daughter cells is abolished.
Animals die at the L3 stage of the life cycle.
Animals respond to levamisole at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. Levamisole is a cholinergic agonist.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of levamisole that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. In C. elegans resistance to levamisole is often assayed via body contraction response, ventral tail curling response etc.
Animals exhibit spasmodic muscle twitching superimposed on normal sinusoidal motion.
Any variation in the contractions of the muscles in the most anterior body region of the animal compared to control.
Any variation in the characteristic expression of a gene product, as detected by antibody staining, compared to control animals.
Any variation that results in a decrease in the characteristic expression of a gene product, as detected by antibody staining, compared to control animals.
Any variation that results in an increase in the characteristic expression of a gene product, as detected by antibody staining, compared to control animals.
Animals lack the rigid external coating which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some interfacial epithelial cells (Wormatlas).
Adult animals lack the rigid external coating which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some interfacial epithelial cells (Wormatlas).
Any variation in the progression of the specialized structures of the animal which allow the successful transfer of sperm from one organism to another, compared to control.
copulatory structure development abnormal
copulatory structure development variant
Any variation in the progression of the specialized structures of the male tail which allow the animal to sense the presence of the hermaphrodite, search her body for the vulval opening, grasp onto the vulva, and to transfer sperm over time from its formation to its mature structure compared to control (Wormatlas).
male copulatory structure development abnormal
male copulatory structure development variant
Any variation in the progression of the specialized structures of a hermaphrodite which allow the successful transfer of sperm from a male, compared to control.
hermaphrodite copulatory structure development abnormal
hermaphrodite copulatory structure development variant
Animals lack the specialized structures of the male tail which allow the animal to sense the presence of the hermaphrodite, search her body for the vulval opening, grasp onto the vulva, and to transfer sperm (Wormatlas).
Variations in the processes involving the production of new DNA strands compared to control.
The developmental process by which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism specifically contributing to its ability to form offspring is impaired.
OBSOLETE. Any change in the subcellular localization of a protein.
Any variation in the placement of a protein within in a cell or cellular compartment compared to control.
protein subcellular localization abnormal
protein subcellular localization variant
Variations that result in the deceleration of the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition, compared to control.
Variations that result in the acceleration of the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition, compared to control.
The structure made by the processes of the excretory canal cell is increased in size compared to control. In C. elegans this is an H-shaped structure which extends almost the full length of the body on both sides of the animal, generally in contact with the lateral hypodermis and the pseudocoelom (Wormatlas).
Tails change shape and undergo retraction thereby forming a 'peloderan' or 'rounded' adult tail.
The developmental progression of a larva over time, from its formation to its mature structure is delayed compared to control. The larva is the early, immature form of an animal between hatching and adulthood.
Any variation in the appearance of the elongated sclerotized structures covered by a hardened layer of cuticle in the male tail (which are actively everted during copulation to fasten the male copulatory fan to the vulva) compared to control.
The length of the adult male tail, including the lateral fan and rays, is extended compared to control.
Males generate yolk, the nutrient protein, normally produced and secreted by hermaphrodite or female intestinal cells.
Animals execute extra larval molts compared to control.
Variations in the progression of an animal over time from the end of larval stage to a mature adult compared to control animals.
Any variation in the progression of the formation of the rigid external coating (which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some interfacial epithelial cells) over time in adults compared to control animals (Wormatlas).
A duplication of the developmental program that forms the adult-type rigid external coating which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some interfacial epithelial cells.
Any irregular swelling in discrete regions of the head.
Any irregular swelling in discrete regions of the tail, usually caused by a local defect in the normal smooth tapering of the hypodermis and/or cuticle (Wormatlas).
Any irregular swelling in discrete regions of the body region between the head and the tail.
The anterior end (which typically includes the anterior sensilla, pharynx and all muscles that are innervated by the nerve ring)of the body appears distorted, usually due to uncharacteristic winding.
Animals exhibit abrupt transitions while traveling from one location to another.
Variations in characteristic response with respect to perception or transmission of a touch stimulus compared to responses in control animals.
Animals show enhanced suceptibility to deprivation of nourishment, compared to control.
Animals show enhanced tolerance to deprivation of nourishment, compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to any chemical substance that is used for killing pests, compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to paraquat compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of paraquat that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Animals respond to paraquat at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in processes that are responsible for chemical changes compared to control animals. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to oxygen compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals fail to respond to the high concentrations of oxygen that elicit a response in control animals.
Animals respond to hyperoxic (high oxygen tension) conditions after a shorter exposure time compared to control.
Animals exhibit an increase in the intensity of fluorescence signals in intestinal cells with advancing age, compared to control.
Animals exhibit a decrease in the intensity of fluorescence signals in intestinal cells with advancing age, compared to control.
The daughters of the Q neuroblasts exhibit variation in their characteristic movements compared to control animals.
Any variation in the normal anterior movement of the HSN motor neurons from their birthplace in the tail to positions near the middle of the embryo compared to control animals.
Any variation in the normal posterior movement of the ALM mechanosensory neurons from their birthplace (anterior to the V1 hypodermal cell) to positions in between the V2 and V3 cells in the embryo compared to control animals.
Animals lack the early blast cells that give rise to the gut tissue (Wormatlas).
Animals become increasingly sluggish/immobilized as they age.
Any variation in the connection of the cell(s) whose principal function is to provide contractile forces with its neighboring cells or tissues compared to control.
Animals fail to establish or maintain the connection between cell(s) whose principal function is to provide contractile forces and its neighboring cells or tissues.
The connection between cell(s) whose principal function is to provide contractile forces and its neighboring cells or tissues diminishes over time.
Any variation in the change in direction of a wave of light after passage through the nucleolus compared to control. The nucleolus is a small dense body in the nucleus.
Variations in the ability of an animal to remain within a defined temperature. In C. elegans, animals tend to track and stay within a temperature that is most closely related to their cultivation temperature.
Eggs show deficiencies in chroma resulting in increased translucency.
Failure to execute the characteristic response to pyrazine as defined by control animals. In C. elegans pyrazine is typically an attractant.
Any variation in the directed movement of an animal in response to chemical repellants as defined by control animals.
Failure to execute the characteristic response to garlic as defined by control animals. In C. elegans, garlic is typically a repellent.
Animals lack the different inclusions within the intestinal cytoplasm, including birefringent crystalline objects and other dark-staining endosomes. In C. elegans these contents typically include glycogen granules (polysaccharide storage), rhabditin (carbohydrate storage), yolk granules (lipid and protein), and concentrated waste products (Wormatlas).
The organism's size during the embryonic developmental stage is decreased compared to that observed in control.
The survival of animals in the alternative larval stage which they enter when placed under conditions of environmental stress is reduced.
Animals respond to colchicine at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of colchicine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Animals respond to chloroquine at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of chloroquine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
The components of the feeding organ fail to be arranged in the same manner as control animals.
Any observed morphological defects of the isthmus.
Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the extended anterior region of the pharynx lying just anterior to the isthmus and terminal bulb compared to control (Wormatlas).
Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the first pharyngeal bulb compared to control.
Cessation of development that normally occurs in C. elegans 460-520 min after the first cleavage at 20C, the stage between the 1.5-fold and 3-fold embryo.
Animals have finger-like sensory sensilla (rays) that are present in places they are normally not found, when compared to the location in control animals.
Males lack the specialized sensory papillae that lie along the posterior half of the body.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to gamma ray radiation compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to methyl methanesulfonate compared to that observed in control animals.
methyl methanesulfonate response abnormal
methyl methanesulfonate response variant
Animals exhibit variations in their response to ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) compared to that observed in control animals.
ethyl methanesulfonate response abnormal
Animals respond to an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor hypersensitive
The body of the animal rotates around its long axis as the animal moves, causing the animal to move in a circular pattern in the left-handed direction. In liquid media, wave propogation is helical rather than planar.
The body of the animal rotates around its long axis as the animal moves, causing the animal to move in a circular pattern in the right-handed direction. In liquid media, wave propogation is helical rather than planar.
Any variation in the multiple rounds of DNA replication that take place without chromosome condensation, segregation or cytokinesis compared to control. In C. elegans this process is normally seen in intestinal nuclei during each larval lethargus which results in adult intestinal nuclei with 32 copies (32C) of each chromosome(Wormatlas).
Any variation in the process by which a cell nucleus is divided into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei, compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of any of the finger-like sensory sensilla that project from the tail and embed in the male fan compared to control animals. In C. elegans, nine bilateral rays project from the tail in a radial pattern with a smooth and slightly tapered appearance. Although one neuronal member of each ray sensillum is exposed to the outside, male rays rarely take up dye.
The adult male tail, including the lateral fan and rays, appears bloated or distended.
Animals exhibit variations in the amount of acetylcholine compared to control animals at a defined stage. Acetylcholine is the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline.
Animals exhibit a decrease in the regulated breakdown of mRNA transcripts in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a premature stop codon and the 3 prime end is not protected by a poly(A) tail.
Variation in the morphological appearance or composition of the pseudopod, a cellular projection that facilitates motility of the spermatozoa.
The characteristic Christmas-tree shaped invagination formed by the terminal vulval cells at the mid-late L4 stage is altered.
Variations in the directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell compared to control.
Variations in spacing or location were observed between adjacent ventral cord nuclei or between ventral cord nuclei and another nucleus used as a reference point. In C. elegans, these nuclei are distributed equally and predictably, such that they can be unambiguously distinguished by their position.
When prodded on the head, worm contracts and then relaxes along its entire body without moving backwards, compared to a control worm which contracts its anterior end and backs away in response to prodding.
Variations in any process whose specific outcome is the development and/or maintenance of the ventral nerve cord.
The longitudinal nerve cord of the midbody region, connecting the nerve ring and tail ganglia, is not arranged in the same manner as control animals.
Variations in the specific actions or reactions in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals.
Variations in the progression of an integrated living unit (a cell, tissue, organ or organism) over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the cell, tissue, organ system or organism to carry out its normal functions and activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any of its parts compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency.
Variations in the specific actions or reactions of a certain defined body area of an animal in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to a specific chemical compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to bleach compared to that observed in control animals.
Variations in the specific actions or reactions of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control organisms.
Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency of a cell.
Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency of the organism.
Variations in the progression of the overall structure or appearance of a discrete region of an animal's anatomy over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals.
Any variation in the progression of a cell from when it is first formed to when it becomes a mature structure when compared to control animals.
Any variation in the progression of an organismal system from its formation to the mature structure when compared to control animals.
Any variation in the progression of a worm at any time from its fertilization to adulthood compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of a discrete region of their anatomy compared to control animals.
Any variation in the form or composition of the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms compared to control. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.
Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of any component that is part of the complement of organ tissues that comprise a specific organ system.
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any part of their anatomy compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell, in any physical or chemical process required for the cell to carry out its normal functions or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals.
Variations in the progression of the anatomical structures that consist of processes of ventral cord motor neurons that send commissures to the dorsal side, as well as processes of certain head and tail neurons, over time from initial formation to mature structure compared to control (Wormatlas).
Variations in the progression of the process extension from the muscle belly by which the muscle cells reach to the nerve cords to obtain innervation over time from initial formation to mature structure compared to control (Wormatlas).
Axon tracts fail to complete the connection between nerve cords. In C. elegans, these tracts grow circumferentially around the animal, completing the connection between the ventral and dorsal nerve cords.
Animals exhibit an increased girth compared to a control animal of the same developmental stage.
Forward movement is often characterized by severe bending motions, more sharply angled and/or much deeper than stereotypical sinusoidal body bends of the control. Animal moves forward with uncharacteristic loss of smooth sinusoidal motion or body posture (Wormatlas).
Backward movement is often characterized by severe bending motions, more sharply angled and/or much deeper than stereotypical sinusoidal body bends of the control. Animal moves backward with uncharacteristic loss of smooth sinusoidal motion or body posture (Wormatlas).
Eggs are retained in the uterus at a later stage when compared with control animals.
Eggs are laid at an earlier stage of development when compared with control animals.
Animals exhibit morphological characteristics that are the outcome of nutrient deprivation. In C. elegans, starved worms have fewer refractile granules in intestinal cells, making them appear pale. Strongly starved mutants are small and thin, and tend to retain fewer eggs than control animals.
Progressive degeneration of the head muscle.
Progressive degeneration of muscle along the body wall.
Animals exhibit variations in the rate of sharp head to tail turns compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the amount of GABA compared to control animals at a defined stage.
Animals exhibit a weak and abnormal birefringency pattern in muscle fibers when examined using polarized optics.
Disorganized muscle fibers display a weak and abnormal birefringency pattern when examined using polarized optics.
Any variation in the ability to adjust to a decline in ambient solute concentrations, thereby causing the body to swell and explode.
Animals show variations in their decreased responsiveness after prolonged or repeated exposure to a drug compared to that in control.
Animals show variations in their decreased responsiveness after prolonged or repeated exposure to dopamine compared to that in control.
Animals do not exhibit decreased responsiveness after prolonged or repeated exposure to dopamine.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to specific calcium channel modulators compared to that observed in control animals.
calcium channel modulator response abnormal
calcium channel modulator response variant
Animals respond to a calcium channel modulator at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
calcium channel modulator hypersensitive
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of calcium channel modulators that elicit a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
The heads of animals fail to respond to the concentration of levamisole that elicits a response in control animals. In C. elegans, heads contract at >10uM for intact animals and >1uM for cut animals.
The bodies of animals fail to respond to the concentration of levamisole that elicits a response in control animals.
The whole body undergoes longitudinal shortening in response to head touch or tail touch (Wormatlas).
Muscle contractions that make up the defecation motor program are repeated before the onset of the next cycle unlike in control animals.
The body of an animal assumes a coil-like shape when it attempts to move.
Animals display variations in the structure or organization of the components of the axon, compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals display markedly swollen areas along their axons, which are larger than synaptic varicosities in control animals.
Axons of animals contain flattened membrane-bound compartments. In C. elegans, these cisternae-like structures are typically absent.
Axons of animals exhibit variations in the gross structure or organization of its spherical, membrane-bound, fluid-filled organelles, compared to that observed in control animals.
Any variation in the processes that govern the extension of neuronal projections.
The structure made by the processes of the excretory canal cell is reduced in size compared to control. In C. elegans this is an H-shaped structure which extends almost the full length of the body on both sides of the animal, generally in contact with the lateral hypodermis and the pseudocoelom (Wormatlas).
Animals exhibit variations in a physical or chemical process required for organs or tissues to carry out their normal functions or for their ability to perceive and respond to stimuli compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the organism to carry out its normal function or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli.
Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways involved in the maintenance of a steady-state at the level of the organism compared to control.
organism homeostasis metabolism abnormal
Variations in the progression of a discrete axis of an animal's anatomy over time, compared to control animals.
Variations in the progression of the overall structure or appearance of any anterior/posterior section of an animal's anatomy over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals.
Variations in the specific actions or reactions of a certain body region of an animal in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of a discrete axis (dorsal/ventral/anterior/posterior/transverse) of their anatomy, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any anterior/posterior section of their anatomy compared to control animals.
Worms are shorter and stouter than control animals at the same developmental stage.
Any variation in the process of communication across a synapse between a neuron and a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) compared to control animals.
Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways involved in the maintenance of a steady-state at the level of the cell compared to control.
Animals respond to bleach at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
This phenotype was intended to reflect a lack of any phenotypic abnormality in the individuals in question. The C. elegans phenotype ontology no longer has terms specifically used to assert negation of a phenotype.
obsolete no hermaphrodite variantity scored
Animals exhibit differences in the number of cell corpses compared to controls at the same developmental life stage.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to a specific metal compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to copper compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals respond to copper at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Any variation in the orderly movement of a cell from one site to another.
Variations in the specific actions or reactions of the head in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals.
Activity characteristic of the body is altered compared to control.
Variations in the specific actions or reactions of the tail in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals.
Variations in the form, structure or composition of the series of related tissues lying within the body cavity and devoted to feeding and digestion compared to control (Wormatlas).
Any variations in the form, structure or composition of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the coelomic system, compared to control. The coelom is the fluid compartment that is in contact with internal organ.
Variations in the form, composition or structure of the epithelial system that serves to protect the organism from the external environment compared to control.
Variations in the form, structure or composition of related tissues that allow the animal to secrete saline fluid and maintain a proper salt balance compared to control. In C. elegans, four cell types (1 pore cell, 1 duct cell, 1 canal cell and a fused pair of gland cells) make up the excretory system (Wormatlas).
excretory secretory system morphology abnormal
excretory secretory system morphology variant
obsolete excretory system morphology abnormal
Any variations in the form, structure or composition of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the muscle system, compared to control. The muscle system consists of tissues made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and produce movement and mechanical work.
Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of any component that is part of the complement of organ tissues that serve to detect, relay and coordinate information about an animal's internal and external environments and to initiate and integrate its effector responses and activities, compared to that in control animals.
Any variations in the form, structure or composition of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the reproductive system, compared to control. The reproductive system is involved in the generation of progeny which contain genetic material inherited from the parents.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the alimentary system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the coelomic system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the epithelial system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the excretory/secretory system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals.
excretory secretory system physiology abnormal
excretory secretory system physiology variant
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the secretory system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the muscle system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the nervous system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the reproductive system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals.
Any variation in the progression of the GLR accessory cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of the microtubule-based dendritic projections extending from the cell body, compared to that observed in control animals. In C. elegans, cilia are classified as channel cilia or wing cilia depending on their placement within the sensillum. Channel cilia of control animals are cylindrical, extend into the sensillum pore and are exposed to the outside. Wing cilia of control animals vary in shape, are embedded in the sensillum sheath cell and are not typically refractory to dyes indicating exposure to the outside.
Animals display variations in the appearance of the subcellular junctional structure composed of a presynaptic terminal directly opposite the post-synaptic target and separated by a synaptic cleft.
Any variation in the progression of the alimentary system over time, from its formation to its mature state compared to control. The alimentary system includes all the body structures involved in preparing food for absorption into the body and excretion of waste products.
Any variation in the progression of the coelomic system over time, from its formation to its mature state compared to control.
Any variation in the progression of the epithelial system over time, from its formation to its mature state compared to control.
Any variation in the progression of the excretory secretory system over time, from its formation to its mature state compared to control. The excretory secretory system consists of the excretory system and its associated glands.
excretory secretory system development abnormal
excretory secretory system development variant
Variations in the progression of the excretory system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The excretory system is required for the elimination of metabolic waste. In C. elegans, the excretory system is comprised of the excretory cell, excretory duct cell and excretory socket cell.
Any variation in the progression of the muscle system over time, from its formation to its mature state compared to control.
Any variation in the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state compared to control.
Any variation in the progression of the reproductive system over time, from its formation to its mature state compared to control.
reproductive system development abnormal
Any variation in the biosynthesis of a synapse compared to control.
Any variation in the decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to a specific anesthetic compared to that observed in control animals.
Early embryos exhibit defects in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart.
Any variation that causes an increase in the frequency of neurite (axon or dendrite) outgrowth. As a result, an excess number of neuronal projections are generated.
Failure to execute the characteristic response to the bitter tastant quinine, as defined by control animals. In C. elegans, quinine is typically repellent.
Any variation in the characteristic response(s) to drug(s) as defined by control animals.
The ability of axons to converge and form a bundle of nerve fibres (fascicle) is compromised.
Animals display variations in the number or pattern of axonal tracts stemming from the neuron cell body, compared to that observed in control animals.
Any variation in the contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediate feeding in nematodes compared to control.
Any variation in the directed movement of an animal in response to chemical attractants as defined by control animals.
Any variation in the ability of neurons to undergo a dramatic decrease in cell volume, collapse of the vacuoles and processes, and complete disintegration of the plasma membrane and most organelles under conditions that ellicit this response in control animals.
Characteristic entry into the dauer stage is altered compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit defects in the process of periodic shedding, of part or all of its cuticle, during cuticle replacement that punctuates each larval stage.
Animals exhibit variations in the entry into the dauer stage when exposed to temperatures that induce dauer formation in control animals. In C. elegans, many Daf-c animals enter dauer at 25C, whereas Hid animals enter dauer at 27C.
temperature induced dauer formation abnormal
temperature induced dauer formation variant
Animals exhibit variations in the stage of eggs laid, egg laying cycle, number of eggs or egg laying in response to stimuli compared to control.
Any variation in the degree of movement compared to control animals.
Worms move forward or backward with an increased rate of body bends per minute compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit deviations in self-propelled movement on a solid medium compared to control animals.
Animals do not move and are not responsive to external mechanical stimulation.
The body of the animal rotates around its long axis as the animal moves, causing the animal to move in a circular pattern. In liquid media, wave propogation is helical rather than planar.
Animals move more slowly compared with control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in any processes that lead to the successful transfer of sperm from one organism to another.
Any variation in the specific actions or reactions of the male that are associated with reproduction compared to control.
Any variation in the male's ability to locate his partner's vulva when backing along the ventral side of the partner during mating compared to control. In C. elegans the male stops at the vulva, coordinates his movements to the hermaphrodite's, and positions his tail precisely over the vulva so that he may insert his spicules and ejaculate.
Animals exhibit variations in the processes involved in eliminating gut contents compared to control animals. In C. elegans the sequence of events during defecation includes posterior body contraction (pBoc), relaxation, anterior body contraction (aBoc), expulsion of gut contents by enteric muscle contraction (Emc) and opening of anus (Exp), and intercycle period (Wormatlas).
Animals exhibit delayed or infrequent passage and/or expulsion of fecal matter.
Variations in the progression of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the sensory system over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. The sensory system is involved in the perception of a stimuli, its conversion into a signal and the recognition and characterization of the resulting signal.
Variations in the progression of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the mechanosensory system over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. The mechanosensory system is involved in the perception of a mechanical stimuli, its conversion into a signal and the recognition and characterization of the resulting signal.
Animals exhibit variations in the fusion of intracellular neurotransmitter-filled membrane-bound vesicles with the pre-synaptic membrane of the neuronal cell compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the process of GABA neurotransmitter-based communication from a neuron to a target cell across a synapse compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the process of acetylcholine neurotransmitter-based communication from a neuron to a target cell across a synapse compared to control.
acetylcholine synaptic transmission abnormal
acetylcholine synaptic transmission variant
Any variation in the process of information transfer between two neurons; usually in reference to chemical synapses, but can also be used to refer to electrical synapses compared to control (Wormatlas).
Any variation in the process of communication across a synapse between a neuron and a target muscle cell compared to control animals.
neuromuscular synaptic transmission abnormal
neuromuscular synaptic transmission variant
Behavior associated with the intake of food is altered compared to control.
Worms are found in clumps and/or crowded at the border of the bacterial lawn more frequently than control animals. This behavior is not due to mobility defects.
Animals disperse across a bacterial lawn and feed alone. When food is limiting, they can aggregate into swarms or clumps, but disperse once again when food is absent.
Variations in the behavior by which an organism locates food compared to control animals. In C. elegans roaming or dwelling activity on food are two examples of parameters used to assess this behavior. Roaming is defined as moving in a high-speed forward direction with brief backward movement, often traversing wide regions. Dwelling is defined as low-speed/high turning movement restricted to a confined region.
Animals exhibit variations in the avoidance response to solutions of a particular osmotic strength compared to control. In C. elegans, animals typically avoid solutions of high osmotic strength.
The maximum ventral and dorsal flex of the animal is greater than that observed for control animals.
Any variation that disrupts the connectivity between the somatic gonad and the adjoining tissues compared to control. In C. elegans this connnection is between the somatic gonad and the vulva in hermaphrodites and between the somatic gonad and proctodeum in males.
Any variation that disrupts the release of a mature oocyte into the spermatheca (for subsequent fertilization), compared to control.
The specialized tissue of the reproductive tract that produces gamete is shifted from its customary place as defined by control.
Any variation that results in the presence of mature oocytes with distended polyploid nuclei. In C. elegans, such oocytes mature and exit diakinesis, but are often not properly ovulated or fertilized.
Variations in the progression of the muscles of the adult reproductive system over time form their initial formation to their mature structure compared to control.
Any variation in the processes that influence the generation and maturation of spermatozoa (motile sperm) compared to control.
spermatocyte germ cell differentiation abnormal
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of copper that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to copper to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Animals display variations in the distribution of transmitter-filled vesicles in relation to the electron-dense membrane specialization of the neuron,compared to that observed in control animals.
presynaptic vesicle cluster localization abnormal
synaptic vesicle cluster localization abnormal
presynaptic vesicle cluster localization variant
The number of offspring produced is altered compared to that of control animals.
The developmental progression of an animal, from its formation to its mature structure occurs over a longer time period compared to control.
Animals die after fusion of gametes without dividing.
The increase in size or mass of an organism over time during the lifespan of the organism or over any developmental stage(s) is not similar to that observed for control animals.
Animals fail to receive, process or recognize a sensory chemical stimulus in the same manner as control animals.
Any variation in the subcellular localization of a gene product produced by DNA coded for by exogenous genetic material that has been introduced into the organism compared to its expression in control animals.
transgene subcellular localization abnormal
transgene subcellular localization variant
Animals exhibit variations in their response to aldicarb compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to DMPP compared to that observed in control animals.
Hermaphrodites are transformed into fertile females; In C. elegans, XO fog animals are somatically male but produce oocytes instead of, or in addition to, sperm.
The germ line is sexually transformed from hermaphrodite to male. In C. elegans, XX mog animals are somatically hermaphrodite, but germ cells that normally would become oocytes are transformed into sperm.
Germ cell populations are reduced compared to control animals.
Any variation that causes a reduction in growth rate during larval stages compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in their response ionizing radiation compared to that observed in control animals.
organism ionizing radiation response abnormal
organism ionizing radiation response variant
Both hermaphrodites and males develop into fertile females.
Animals generate defective gametes, are otherwise unable to reproduce or they generate progeny that are unable to reproduce.
Animals produce no or very few embryos as a result of experimental treatment. This is in contrast to sterility due to genetic perturbations (maternal effect sterility).
Variations in the gross movement of the whole structure of the gonad along the body wall, behind the gonadal leader cell and away from the developing vulva compared to control (Wormatlas).
Variations in the progression of the organ that produces gametes over time, from its formation to the mature structure compared to control.
X0 animals fail to generate viable cross-progeny.
Any perturbation that renders male derived sperm ineffective at fertilizing an oocyte.
Hermaphrodites fail to generate viable self-progeny and/or cross-progeny.
Animals exhibit variations in the gross structure or organization of the reproductive organ required for depositing eggs and for influencing male mating behavior compared to control.
The eversion process, in which the vulval invagination is turned inside out during the final molt, is disrupted. In C.elegans, such variations in vulval eversion are primarily due to developmental defects in the somatic gonad (and sometimes vulva).
Animals undergo incomplete vulval morphogenesis, resulting in the formation of a single protrusion at the site of the vulva.
No vulval tissue is produced. In C. elegans, this is usually a result of all six vulval precursor cells adopting a tertiary fate.
Variations in the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure compared to control. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.
Multiple vulva-like protrusions are present along the ventral side of the animal. In C. elegans, this is usually a result of all six vulval precursor cells adopting primary or secondary vulval fates.
Any variation in the progression of the epithelia over time, from its formation to its mature state compared to control. This process involves autonomously generated changes in epidermal cell shape and position, and interactions with internal tissues, including the developing nervous system and body wall muscles to affect epidermal enclosure, cell intercalation, and epidermal elongation.
Any perturbation that renders epithelial cells incompetent at undergoing membrane fusion during development.
Variations in the form, composition or structure of the layer of cells that cover the external surface of an organism and form the inner lining between the tissues and organs of that organism and the external environment compared to control. In C. elegans epithelial cells include epithelium of the alimentary tract, intestinal cells, hypodermis, interfacial cells and somatic gonad cells (Wormatlas).
Variations in the form or composition of structures made by the processes of the excretory canal cell compared to control (Wormatlas).
Any variation in the progression of an intestinal cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control.
Animals lack birefringent containing compartments in embryonic intestinal cells; however, these compartments appear in adult stages.
Variations in the progression of the pharynx (feeding organ) over time, from its formation to the mature structure compared to control. In C. elegans the pharynx is divided into the anterior and posterior regions. The anterior region includes the corpus (procorpus and metacorpus - first bulb) and the posterior region includes the isthmus and terminal bulb (second bulb).
Variations in the progression of the intestine over time from its initial formation to its mature structure compared to control.
Variations in the form or composition of the mouthparts at the anterior end of the digestive tract which contain a series of radial muscles, related neurons and epithelial cells, and several gland cells which may aid in digestion compared to control (Wormatlas).
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of the chain of cuboidal cells which form a central lumen lined by microvilli that allow the passage of food, compared to control. Food passes from the posterior pharynx to the intestine where it is digested and then on to the rectum which processes the waste products for excretion (Wormatlas).
Animals exhibit increased sensitivity to the effects of ion producing radiation compared to control animals.
organism hypersensitive ionizing radiation
Germ cells exhibit variations in their response to ionizing radiation compared to that observed in control animals.
germ cell ionizing radiation response abnormal
germ cell ionizing radiation response variant
Animals exhibit a greater number of embryonic muscle cells compared to control.
Any variation in the connection of a cell whose principal function is to provide contractile forces with its neighboring cells or tissues compared to control.
Variations in the processes that convert a gene's sequence into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA), compared to control.
Variations in the process of normalizing the expression level of X-linked genes between XX and XO animals compared to control.
obsolete reporter gene expression variant
pattern of reporter gene expression abnormal
obsolete pattern of reporter gene expression variant
level of reporter gene expression abnormal
obsolete level of reporter gene expression variant
Animals exhibit variations in the appearance of nucleoli compared to control animals.
Variations in the regulated release of proteins from a cell or group of cells compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in any process that involves the maintenance, biosynthesis or accumulation of an internal store of lipid within the organism or cell compared to control.
Any variation of the specific binding of a molecule to its partner, which typically results in a change in cell activity, compared to control.
Any variation in the function of naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes compared to control. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein (can include an RNA component).
Variations in the process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell, compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in any of the processes that lead to the termination of vital functions of a cell.
Animals exhibit variations in any processes that influence the programmed cell death pathway. Induction of the apoptotic pathway triggers the activity of proteolytic caspases, which in turn lead to the destruction of the cell.
Germ cells exhibit increased sensitivity to the effects of ion producing radiation compared to control animals.
germ cell hypersensitive ionizing radiation
Variations in any process that involves the maintenance, biosynthesis or accumulation of DNA in the organism compared to control.
Any variation in the catalysis of a biochemical reaction compared to control. Catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein (can include an RNA component).
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the hypodermal system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals.
Any variation in the regulated re-replication of DNA in the hypodermal cells during a single cell cycle, compared to control.
endoreduplication of hypodermal nuclei abnormal
endoreduplication of hypodermal nuclei variant
Animals exhibit variations in the process by which their cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm, compared to control.
Germ cells fail to respond to the dosage of ion producing radiation that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, germ cells require a higher dosage or a longer exposure to ion producing radiation to elicit the same response as control animals.
The response to a change in the environment is altered compared to control.
organism environmental stimulus response abnormal
organism environmental stimulus response variant
Variations in the activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism, compared to control.
Cells of the animals exhibit variations in the initiation, progression or exit from the biochemical and morphological processes that occur during successive replication or nuclear replication events from that observed for control animals.
Mitotic cells exhibit variations in the execution of cell-cycle arrest in response to DNA damage.
Variations in the process by which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents, compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to gene silencing triggered by double stranded RNA (RNAi), compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the silencing of endogenous genes after introduction of repetitive exogenous cognate DNA compared to control.
transgene induced cosuppression abnormal
Animals exhibit variations in the activity of endogenous transposons compared to control. In C. elegans transposon activity is often measured by the rate of reversion of mutations induced by transposon insertions.
Any variation that alters the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells compared to control.
Any defects in the muscle contractions that control feeding. Contractions are necessary for bacterial uptake from the surrounding environment.
Symmetric (PAR-like) divisions or excessive posterior displacement (zyg-8 like phenotypes).
asymmetric cell division defective early emb
Variations in the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation to hatching compared to control.
developmental defects detected in embryos
Variations in the progression of a larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure compared to control. The larva is the early, immature form of an animal between hatching and adulthood.
Variations in the progression of a newly hatched animal through the first larval molt compared to control.
Variations in the progression of the second larval stage compared to control.
Variations in the progression of the third larval stage compared to control.
Variations in the progression of the fourth larval stage compared to control.
Animals exhibit defects in the process of shedding, part or all of its cuticle, during cuticle replacement that punctuates L1 to L2 transition.
Animals exhibit defects in the process of shedding, part or all of its cuticle, during cuticle replacement that punctuates L2 to L3 transition.
Animals exhibit defects in the process of shedding, part or all of its cuticle, during cuticle replacement that punctuates L3 to L4 transition.
Animals exhibit defects in the process of shedding, part or all of its cuticle, during cuticle replacement that punctuates L4 to adult transition.
Early embryos exhibit defects in the assembly, disassembly, arrangement, elongation or stabilization of the microtubules and associated molecules that form between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during a cell cycle.
The alignment of the spindle relative to other cellular structures in the cells of an embryo varies from that observed in control animals.
Early embryos exhibit defects in the placement or the alignment of the array of microtubules and associated molecules that form between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis.
spindle position orientation defective early emb
Early embryos exhibit defects in the placement of the array of microtubules and associated molecules that form between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis.
Animals exhibit deviations at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell, in any physical or chemical process required for an embryonic cell to carry out its normal function and activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli.
Variations in the processes that are carried out at in the embryo which results in its formation or the arrangement of constituent parts, compared to control.
embryonic cell organization biogenesis abnormal
embryonic cell organization biogenesis variant
The embryos exhibit defects in the cell cycle process whereby the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle.
spindle elongation integrity defective early emb
Any variation in the rotation of the centrosome-pronuclear complex after its migration toward the center of the embryo, compared to control.
centrosome pair and associated pronuclear rotation abnormal
centrosome pair and associated pronuclear rotation variant
integrity of membranous organelles defective early emb
Areas devoid of yolk granules throughout the embryo.
cytoplasmic structure defective early emb
Embryos exhibit defects in the form, structure or composition of any cellular contents (excluding plasma membrane and nucleus), compared to control embryos.
cytoplasmic appearance defective early emb
Animals exhibit variations in the appearance of embryonic cells compared to control.
Centrosomes detach from the male pronucleus.
centrosome attachment defective early emb
Daughter nuclei are deformed and stay close to central cortex, cytokinesis defects.
sister chromatid segregation defective early emb
Any variation in the processes that regulate the apportionment of chromosomes to each of two daughter cells compared to control.
Any variation in the processes that govern the generation and maintenance of gametes compared to control.
Variations in the specialized nuclear and cytoplasmic divisions of a single diploid cell, whose specific outcome is the formation of four haploid daughter cells compared to control. Meiosis occurs during the formation of gametes.
Male and female PNs not visible; embryo often fills egg shell completely.
passage through meiosis defective early emb
Unextruded or resorbed polar body(ies) leading to an extra PNs in P0 and/or extra karyomeres in AB/P1.
polar body extrusion defective early emb
Animals are unable to ingest nutrients at a rate similar to control animals.
Cessation of development during the final stages of embryogenesis. In C. elegans, this stage normally occurs 620-800 min after the first cleavage at 20C and is the stage after elongation.
Animals rotate back and forth around their longitudinal axes.
Any variation in the extremely thin elongated cytoplasmic filament, usually composed principally of actin protein to form a myofilament lattice, as in muscle cells compared to control (Wormatlas).
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of a robust elongated cytoplasmic filament composed principally of myosin protein compared to control animals. In C. elegans, thick filaments also contain paramyosin and twitchin (Wormatlas).
Animals lack the planar structure within the muscle sarcomere which lies midway within the thick filament (A) band, attaching to the plasma membrane at its base and running up towards the inward surface of the myofilament lattice, compared to control animals (Wormatlas).
Males exhibit variations in the time of onset or duration of the fertile period owing to differences in sperm competence and/or function compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency of a particular body part compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency along a particular body axis compared to control.
Animals have decreased accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that causes increased translucency of the posterior body axis compared to control.
Animals have decreased accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that causes increased translucency of the anterior body axis compared to control.
Animals respond to fluoxetine at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of fluoxetine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
The nose of an animal fails to respond to the concentration of fluoxetine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of the anatomy contained in the anterior region, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of the anatomy contained in the posterior region, compared to control animals.
The posterior part of the worm exhibits a reduced girth compared to a control animal of the same developmental stage.
Variations in the specific actions or reactions of one of the longitudinal axes of the extended body of the worm in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals (Wormatlas).
The movement of the posterior part of the worm is not coordinated with the rest of the body.
Variations in the specific actions or reactions of the longitudinal axis that spans from the midpoint to the tip of the tail of an animal in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals (Wormatlas).
Variations in the specific actions or reactions of the longitudinal axis that spans from the midpoint to the tip of the head of an animal in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals (Wormatlas).
Variations in the progression of an animal's anatomy contained in the anterior region over time, compared to control animals.
Variations in the progression of an animal's anatomy contained in the posterior region over time, compared to control animals.
Variations in the progression of an animal's anatomy contained in the ventral region over time, compared to control animals.
Variations in the progression of an animal's anatomy contained in the dorsal region over time, compared to control animals.
Variations in the progression of the anterior end of the animal over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals.
Variations in the progression of the overall structure or appearance of the animal over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals.
Any variation in the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tail over time, from its formation to the mature structure, compared to control. The tail includes the posterior region that spans from the rectum to the end.
Hermaphrodites exhibit variations in the time of onset or duration of the fertile period, or variations in the production of viable offspring, including number and state of fertilized eggs laid, compared to controls.
The descendants of the G1 or G2 exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals.
The descendants of the K precursor cell exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals.
The descendants of a male specific precursor cell exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals.
Any variation in the progression of a blast cell (precursor cell) over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control.
Any variation in the progression of an epithelial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control.
Variations in the progression of the immature germ cell over time, from its formation from precursors to the mature structure (gamete) compared to control.
Any variation in the progression of a gland cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control.
Any variation in the progression of a marginal cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. A marginal cell is a pharyngeal cell that connects the basement membrane to the apices of the triangle-shaped pharyngeal lumen.
Any variation in the progression of a muscle cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control.
Variations in the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control.
Variations in the progression of the epithelial cells that form the interface between the uterus and the vulva (likely via a multilayered set of flaps) over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals (Wormatlas).
uterine vulval cell development abnormal
Activity characteristic of an adult worm is altered compared to control.
Behavior characteristic of postembryonic stage(s) is altered compared to control.
Activity characteristic of an embryo is altered compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in sex-specific behaviors compared to control.
Any variation in the processes that govern the sexually dimorphic development of germline or somatic tissue compared to control.
Nuclear divisions in the germ line are either expanded are reduced compared to control.
The descendants of an embryonic precursor cell exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals.
The descendants of a postembryonic precursor cell exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals.
The descendants of H1 or H2 cells exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals.
The descendants of any of the V precursor cells (V1-V6) exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals.
The descendants of TL or TR cells exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals.
The descendants of Q L or QR cells exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals.
The descendants of the B cell (which divides only in the males) exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals.
The descendants of the Y cell (which divides only in the males) exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals.
The descendants of the C blastomere exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals.
The descendants of the U cell (which divides only in the males) exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals.
The descendants of the E blastomere exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals.
The descendants of the F cell (which divides only in the males) exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals.
The descendants of a gonadal precursor cell exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals.
The descendants of a gonadal precursor cell exhibit altered developmental programs in the hermaphrodite compared to their counterparts in control animals.
The descendants of a gonadal precursor cell exhibit altered developmental programs in the male compared to their counterparts in control animals.
Z1 descendants exhibit altered developmental programs in the hermaphrodite compared to their counterparts in control animals.
Z4 descendants exhibit altered developmental programs in the hermaphrodite compared to their counterparts in control animals.
Z1 descendents exhibit altered developmental programs in the male compared to their counterparts in control animals.
Z4 descendants exhibit altered developmental programs in the male compared to their counterparts in control animals.
The number of cross progeny sired by males is reduced compared to control.
Pharyngeal pumping is not influenced by serotonin treatment in the same manner as control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the response to the addition of levamisole compared to that observed in control animals. Levamisole is a cholinergic agonist.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process in the region of the vesicle-filled varicosities of the synapse compared to control.
Animals display variations in the distribution of the constituents that make up the synaptic machinery such as those required for priming, docking or fusion of vesicles at the active zone, compared to that observed in control animals.
presynaptic component localization abnormal
synaptic component localization abnormal
synaptic machinery localization abnormal
presynaptic component localization variant
The developmental progression of an animal over time, from its formation to its mature structure is delayed compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for an amphid to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals.
Animal does not respond to stroking in the anterior body region with a hair or similar fiber compared to control. In C. elegans, the anterior region is defined as the body region that lies between the posterior bulb of the pharynx and the vulva.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the ciliated neuron to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals.
Variations in the progression of a free-floating spherical cell lying in the pseudocoelomic cavity of animals that can endocytose many compounds, possibly for immune surveillance, over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals.
Variations in the bidirectional movement of large protein complexes (mediated by motor proteins) along microtubules within a cilium or flagellum, compared to control.
Bidirectional movement of large protein complexes (mediated by motor proteins) along microtubules within a cilium or flagellum is disrupted.
Variations in the progression of the fluid-filled space which separates the body wall from internal organs over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control (Wormatlas).
Any variation in the progression of a gland cell of the secretory-excretory system over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control.
excretory gland cell development abnormal
excretory gland cell development variant
Variations in the progression of a protokidney cell with an internal lumen that is suggested to collect and secrete salt solutions outward via the excretory sinus, over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals.
excretory canal cell development abnormal
Variations in the progression of an interfacial epithelial cell which forms a lumen to receive the outflow of the excretory gland and excretory canal cells, over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals.
excretory duct cell development abnormal
Variations in the progression of an interfacial epithelial cell which links excretory duct to hypodermis, over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals.
excretory socket cell development abnormal
excretory pore cell development abnormal
excretory socket cell development variant
Variations in the progression of muscle cells that lack transverse striations in its constituent fibers and are almost always involuntary, over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals.
Any variation in the progression of the principal muscle cell type whose contractile activity generates body motion in the nematode over time compared to control. In C. elegans they consist of 95 unfused cells in the adult organized into four muscle quadrants. Their sarcomeres are obliquely striated and lie lengthwise along the body wall (Wormatlas).
body wall muscle cell development variant
Worms appears turgid or swollen as a result of an excess number of eggs being retained in the uterus.
Males exhibit a reduction in the production of new individuals owing to defects in sperm competence and/or function compared to control animals.
Cessation of development during the initial period of elongation. In C. elegans, this period refers to the conversion of the bean-shaped embryo into the two-fold- shaped embryo.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for a amphid sheath cell to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals.
Germ cells fail to undergo meiotic differentiation to form mature gametes.
Cessation of development during any stage occurring after fertilization and until hatching compared to control.
All parts of the animal are immobilized except for the head.
obsolete mitochondria morphology variant muscle
obsolete mitochondria morphology variant epithelial
obsolete connected mitochondria epithelial
Mitotic cells exhibit variations during the passage through a cell cycle control point late in the G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle just before entry into S phase, compared to control cells.
Mitotic cells exhibit variations during the passage through a cell cycle control point late in the G2 phase of the mitotic cell cycle just before entry into M phase, nuclear division, compared to control cells.
Mitotic cells exhibit variations during the passage through a cell cycle control point late in the S phase of the mitotic cell cycle, which ensures DNA replication is complete, compared to control cells.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to osmotic stress compared to that observed in control animals.
organism osmotic stress response abnormal
organism osmotic stress response variant
Any variation in the progression of a sheath cell of the amphid sensillum over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control.
Any variation in the progression of a chemosensory neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control.
chemosensory neuron development abnormal
Animals exhibit variations in the processes that are required to maintain the length of telomeric DNA from generation to generation compared to control.
Any variation in the processes that influence the generation of neuronal extensions, that carry efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the placement of the microtuble-based dendritic projections in relation to the sensillum neuron, from that observed in control animals.
Any variation in the processes that influence the generation of neuronal extensions, that carry afferent (incoming) action potentials towards the cell body compared to control.
Variations in the progression of the major zone of overlapping axons in the head, which encircles the isthmus of the pharynx to form a tightly packed ring-like structure on the outside of the pharynx, over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of either of a set of two ciliated wing neurons, AWBL or AWBR, of the amphid sensilla, compared to that observed in control animals.
Any variation in the removal of a cell corpse, by a neighboring cell or a phagocyte compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations compared to a given control.
Animals exhibit variations in hermaphrodite-specific behaviors compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in male-specific behaviors compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required to carry out sex-specific activities or to be able to perceive and respond to sex-specific stimuli compared to control.
Larva exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter its transparency/translucency compared to control animals.
Adult animals appear unusually transparent when compared to control.
Nuclear divisions in the germ line of hermaphrodites are either expanded are reduced compared to control.
hermaphrodite germline proliferation abnormal
hermaphrodite germ cell proliferation abnormal
hermaphrodite germ line proliferation abnormal
hermaphrodite germline proliferation variant
Nuclear divisions in the germ line of male animals are either expanded are reduced compared to control.
Variations in the ability of a relatively unspecialized cell to acquire the specialized features of a mature gamete compared to control.
obsolete spermatocyte germ cell differentiation abnormal
obsolete oocyte germ cell differentiation abnormal
Variations in the material made up of fibers forming a framework and support structure for body tissues and organs compared to control.
Any variation in the morphological appearance of blast cells compared to control animals.
Any variation in the morphological appearance of epithelial cells compared to control animals.
Any variation in the morphological appearance of germ cells compared to control animals.
Any variation in the morphological appearance of gland cells compared to control animals.
Any variation in the morphological appearance of intestinal cells compared to control animals.
Any variation in the morphological appearance of marginal cells compared to control animals.
Any variation in the morphological appearance of muscle cells compared to control animals.
Animals display variations in the structure or organization of components of the neuronal cell internal to the cell itself or in relation to the cellular environment compared to control. A neuron is a major cell type of nervous tissue specialized for transmission of information in the form of patterns of impulses.
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of the epithelial cells that form the interface between the uterus and the vulva (likely via a multilayered set of flaps) compared to control animals (Wormatlas).
Any variation in the structural appearance of the caudal opening of the rectum in the tail compared to control animals.
Any variation in the structural appearance of the epithelial chamber that links the genital and alimentary tracts to the exterior via the anus (cloacal opening) compared to control animals.
Any variation in the structure or appearance of the cells that form a narrow passage connecting the posterior bulb of the pharynx to the anterior intestine compared to control. In C. elegans this valve is composed of 3 pairs of cells each forming a flattened disc-like ring and is lined by a layer of cuticle (Wormatlas).
pharyngeal intestinal valve morphology abnormal
pharyngeal intestinal valve morphology variant
Any variation in the morphological appearance of the rectum compared to control animals.
Any variation in the morphological appearance of coelomocytes compared to control animals.
Any variation in the morphological appearance of pericellular components compared to control animals.
pericellular component morphology abnormal
pericellular component morphology variant
Any variation in the morphological appearance of the basal lamina compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of a pair of large cells in the head that fuse to form a single gland whose contents are released into the excretory duct through a specialized secretory membrane, compared to control (Wormatlas).
excretory gland cell morphology abnormal
Adults show deficiencies in chroma resulting in increased translucency.
Any variation in the morphological appearance of the excretory cell compared to control animals.
excretory canal cell morphology abnormal
Any variation in the morphological appearance of the excretory duct cell compared to control animals.
Any variation in the morphological appearance of the excretory socket cell compared to control animals.
excretory socket cell morphology abnormal
excretory socket cell morphology variant
Any variation in the progression of the region of a body wall muscle cell that contains the myofilament lattice (adjacent to the hypodermis) over time, from its initial state to the fully differentiated state compared to control.
spindle body wall muscle cell development abnormal
filament lattice body wall muscle cell development abnormal
spindle body wall muscle cell development variant
body wall muscle cell spindle development variant
obsolete body wall muscle cell development variant
Variations in the progression of muscle cells that contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals.
Any variation in the progression of somatic (striated) muscles that run longitudinally in males over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control. In C. elegans males have 3 additional sets of sex-specific longitudinal muscles (anterior and posterior outer, anterior and posterior inner, and caudal) that contribute to the body wall musculature (Wormatlas).
male longitudinal muscle development abnormal
male longitudinal muscle development variant
Any variation in the morphological appearance of the nonstriated muscle compared to control animals.
Any variation in the morphological appearance of the striated muscle compared to control animals.
Any variation in the morphological appearance of the sex muscles compared to control animals.
Any variation in the morphological appearance of the body wall muscle compared to control animals.
Any variation in the morphological appearance of the male longitudinal muscle compared to control animals.
male longitudinal muscle morphology abnormal
male longitudinal muscle morphology variant
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required to carry out male-specific activities or to be able to perceive and respond to male-specific stimuli compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required to carry out hermaphrodite-specific activities or to be able to perceive and respond to hermaphrodite-specific stimuli compared to control.
Variations in the progression of morphogenic processes required for formation or proper placement of sex-specific structures that distinguish the animal as one sex or the other in the population, over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to bisphenol A compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals respond to bisphenol A at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure time compared to control animals.
The descendants of the MS blastomere exhibit any variation in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any of its parts during a given developmental stage compared to control animals.
The descendants of the D blastomere exhibit any variation in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals.
The descendants of the P4 blastomere exhibit any variation in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals.
The descendants of the W precursor cell exhibit any variation in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals.
The descendants of any of the V precursor cells (V1-V6) in male animals, exhibit any variation in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals.
The descendants of TL or TR cells in male animals exhibit any variation in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals.
The descendants of any of the P precursor cells (P1-P12) in male animals exhibit any variation in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals.
The descendants of the M precursor cell in male animals, exhibit any variation in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals.
Any variation in the progression of an accessory cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. An accessory cell supports sensory neurons.
Any variation in the progression of a cluster of neuron cell bodies (somata) over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control.
Variations in the progression of a neuronal extension (such as axons or dendrites) over time, from its formation to the mature structure compared to control.
Any variation in the progression of a dense feltwork of interwoven cytoplasmic processes of nerve cells (dendrites and axons) and support cells, over time from an initial condition to a later condition, compared to control.
Variations in the progression of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the pharyngeal nervous system over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. The nervous system is involved in the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses.
pharyngeal nervous system development abnormal
pharyngeal nervous system development variant
Variations in the form, structure or composition of the material made up of fibers forming a framework and support structure for body tissues and organs compared to control.
Any variation in the appearance or structure of the rigid external coating which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some interfacial epithelial cells compared to control (Wormatlas).
Any variation in the appearance of the body cavity compared to control. In C. elegans , an aberrancy in the psedocoelom can involve an accumulation of fluids or fluorescent reporters.
Any variation in the progression of a neuronal sheath cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. A neuronal sheath cell is a structural cell that forms a specialized environment surrounding the sensory endings of a neuron.
neuronal sheath cell development abnormal
neuronal sheath cell development variant
Any variation in the progression of a socket cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control.
Any variation in the progression of a cluster of neuron somata located close to the nerve ring over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control (Wormatlas).
Any variation in the progression of the ganglion that lies dorsally beside the nerve ring in the head over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control. In C. elegans, It contains neuron cell bodies that send their neuronal processes into the ring and longitudinal nerves, but form no local neuropil separate from the nerve ring. The dorsal ganglion is in close contact with the dorsal hypodermal cord (Wormatlas).
Any variation in the progression of the ganglion which lies above and behind the rectum in the tail, in close continuity with the anal hypodermal ridge over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control (Wormatlas).
dorsorectal ganglia development abnormal
Any variation in the progression of the left and right lateral ganglia which lie beside the nerve ring in the head over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control (Wormatlas).
Any variation in the progression of the left and right lumbar ganglia which lie behind the pre-anal ganglion in the tail, in lateral positions over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control (Wormatlas).
Any variation in the progression of the neuron somata associated with the post-deirid over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control (Wormatlas).
posterior lateral ganglion development abnormal
posterior lateral ganglion development variant
Any variation in the progression of the ganglion which lies at the posterior limit of the ventral nerve cord in the tail over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control (Wormatlas).
Any variation in the progression of the ganglion which lies at the anterior limit of the ventral nerve cord, near the ventral ganglion and nerve ring in the head posterior to the excretory pore over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control (Wormatlas).
retrovesicular ganglion development abnormal
retrovesicular ganglion development variant
Any variation in the progression of the ganglion which lies ventrally beside the nerve ring in the head, just anterior of the retrovesicular ganglion over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control (Wormatlas).
Any variation in the cellular or subcellular pattern of expression of a gene product produced by exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism compared to its expression in control animals.
pattern of transgene expression abnormal
Any variation in the measured expression of a gene product produced by exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism compared to its expression in control animals.
Males exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency of the organism compared to control animals.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of DMPP that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the programmed cell death pathway that is triggered in cells other than germ cells and that is not subject to upstream checkpoint regulation.
Progressive decrease in brood size culminating, over generations, in the loss of reproductive ability and thus becoming effectively sterile.
In the WS193 and WS200 versions of WormBase WBPhenotype:0000967 has term name "male tail spike"; In some older records the term ID WBPhenotype:0000967 had the term name "male distal tip cell behavior abnormal", which may reflect an earlier (now deprecated) usage of the term ID.
Any variation in the structure or appearance of the thin cuticle specialization found at the extreme posterior end of the tail compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the structure, organization or placement of the cells that support sensory neurons, compared to that observed in control animals. In C. elegans, this category collectively refers to socket cells, sheath cells, and structural cells, or their processes.
Embryos exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter its transparency/translucency compared to control animals .
Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency of the anterior body axis compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the structure or composition of the glia-like support cell of neuronal sensilla that ensheathes the dendrite tips and or processes of neurons, from that observed in control animals. In C. elegans, sheath cells have highly invaginated and vesiculated surfaces, which provide a specialized environment for dendritic structures.
sensilium sheath cell morphology variant
neuronal sheath cell morphology abnormal
sensilium sheath cell morphology abnormal
Animals exhibit an increased frequency of exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of a pair of homologues.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required by a subset of interfacial cells to carry out its normal function or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control. It can refer to socket cells, sheath cells and structural cells or their processes (Wormatlas).
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for a neuronal sheath cell to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals.
neuronal sheath cell physiology abnormal
Any variation in the developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the ventral cord to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of the components of the gonad that are separate from the germline proper compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the spermatheca to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit defects in any physical or chemical process involved in the dilation of the distal spermatheca which is required for the oocyte exit from the gonad arm.
Any variation in the muscle contractions that control feeding compared to control. Contractions are necessary for bacterial uptake from the surrounding environment.
Animals exhibit variations in the meiotic divisions undergone by the primary and secondary spermatocytes to produce haploid spermatids (non-motile sperm) compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the ability of a relatively unspecialized spermatocyte to acquire the properties of a spermatid cell compared to control.
Any perturbation that disrupts the fusion of male and female gametes (sperm and oocyte) during sexual reproduction.
Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency of the posterior body axis compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the blast cell to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to cues, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the epithelial cell to carry out its normal functions or activities, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the germ cell to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to cues, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the gland cell to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to signals, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit deviations at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell, in any physical or chemical process required for a marginal cell to carry out its normal function and activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the muscle cell to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals.
OBSOLETE: Activity of the neuron varies from that observed for control animals or neurons. In C. elegans neuron activity is often assayed by observing calcium spikes.
Failure to execute the characteristic response to high concentrations of sodium chloride solution. C. elegans typically avoids high concentrations of sodium chloride solution.
high sodium chloride concentration osmotic avoidance defective
Animals fail to contract the anal depressor muscle.
Any variations in the contraction of the enteric muscles that are involved in defecation motor program compared to control.
WBPhenotype:0000995 an alt_id for "sodium chloride chemotaxis defective" (WBPhenotype:0001084) (WS193 OBO and WS200 site) AND has term name "pos body wall contraction defect" (dump_phenotype_ace.pl)
Animals exhibit defects in the expulsion of gut contents. In C. elegans, this refers to the final step of the defecation cycle in which the intestinal muscle and anal depressor contractions further pressurize intestinal contents and open the anus to permit expulsion.
Animals tend to track and stay within low temperature environments.
Animals tend to track and stay within high temperature environments.
The responses of an animal towards temperature are not influenced by its cultivation temperature.
Any variation in the behavior characteristic during certain developmental stage(s) compared to control.
Variations in the specific actions or reactions of dauer stage animals in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals.
Variations in the specific actions or reactions of the head muscles in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals die at the L4 stage of the life cycle.
Any variation in the relaxation of pharyngeal muscles after contraction events compared to control.
Variations in the spontaneous or induced backward crawling locomotion of an animal compared to control.
The number of coordinated contraction-relaxation cycles (pumps) exhibited by the pharyngeal muscle deviates from that observed for control animals.
Unclassified abnormality in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo.
Variations in the progression of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the male nervous system over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. The nervous system is involved in the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses.
male nervous system development abnormal
Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency of a particular developmental stage of the amimal compared to control animals.
Animals appear unusually transparent when compared to control.
Population of unhatched eggs exhibit a complex combination of defects that do not match other class definitions.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to disease causing agents, compared to control. Pathogen response includes prevention, damage control and recovery from the infection caused by the attack.
Animals are more prone to infection compared to control.
Animals are less prone to infection compared to control.
Variations in the processes that regulate the change (increase) in size or mass of an integrated living unit (a cell, tissue, organ or organism) during any development stages compared to control animals.
Variations in the processes that regulate the change (increase) in size or mass of an integrated living unit (a cell, tissue, organ or organism) during the larval stages compared to control animals.
Variations in the processes that regulate the change (increase) in size or mass of an integrated living unit (a cell, tissue, organ or organism) during the adult stage compared to control animals.
Any variation that disrupts the cytoplasmic division of a cell during embryonic development compared to control.
Animals arrest during the stage between early and late larval development. In C. elegans, mid larval arrest occurs during the L2 to L3 stages of development.
Animals die during the final stages of embryogenesis. In C. elegans, this lethality refers to death during the last (3-fold) stage of embryogenesis, which normally occurs 620-800 min after the first cleavage at 20C, the stage after elongation.
Genetically male animals exhibit deviations in the sexual program specific to males. In C. elegans, this often refers to XO animals being transformed into fertile hermaphrodites.
Genetically hermaphrodite animals exhibit deviations in the sexual program specific to hermaphrodites. In C. elegans, this refers to XX animals that develop as males or intersexuals instead of self-fertile hermaphrodites.
hermaphrodite sexual development abnormal
hermaphrodite sexual development variant
Animals exhibit variations in the outcome of morphogenic processes required for formation or proper placement of sex-specific structures that distinguish the animal as one sex or the other in the population, from that observed for control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the outcome of morphogenic processes required for formation or proper placement of sex-specific structures that distinguish the animal as a male in the population, from that observed for control males.
Animals exhibit variations in the outcome of morphogenic processes required for formation or proper placement of sex-specific structures that distinguish the animal as a hermaphrodite in the population, from that observed for control hermaphrodites.
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of the membrane enclosed organelle which contains most of the cell's genetic material during the early embryonic stage compared to control animals (Wormatlas).
Embryos show defects in the placement of the nucleus to a specific location within the cell.
The morphological appearance of nuclei differs from control animals.
Animals exhibit an uneven distribution of biochromes or any other substances that cause disparate transparency/translucency compared to control animals.
Any deficiency in the lipid bilayer, the equivalent of the nuclear envelope, that surrounds each pronucleus within gametes and within the early zygote after pronuclear reformation (Wormatlas).
Any variation in the movement/fusion of pronuclei in the fertilized oocyte compared to control. For example, lack of male pronuclear migration, female pronuclear migration variable, sometimes multiple female pronuclei, no or small spindle.
Variations in the specific actions or reactions of a larvae in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals.
Any variation in the spatial pattern of proliferation and differentiation in the germ line compared to control. In C. elegans, this refers to an ectopic mass of proliferating germ cells that occupies the proximal adult germ line, a region normally occupied by gametes.
proximal germ cell proliferation abnormal
proximal germ cell proliferation variant
The morphology of pronuclei and nuclei are defective in the early embryo. In C. elegans, this defect is often characterized by pronuclei and nuclei that are small or missing altogether and are often accompanied by spindle defects.
pronuclear nuclear appearance defective early emb
The size, number and organization of the components of the nuclei in the early embryo deviate from control . In C. elegans, this is characterized by nuclei that are completely missing or are significantly smaller than normal; often accompanied by spindle and cytokinesis defects.
nuclear appearance number defective early emb
Any variation that compromises the reproductive ability of an F1 generation animal.
Any variation that compromises the reproductive ability of the progeny of an animal.
Germ cells do not exit the mitotic cycle, resulting in a expansion of the unspecialized germ cell population compared to control.
Variations in the processes that regulate the change (increase) in size or mass of an integrated living unit (a cell, tissue, organ or organism) during the embryonic stage compared to control animals.
Variations in the state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus, compared to control.
Animals exhibit defects in the progression of meiosis which ultimately result in embryonic lethality.
Neurons show impaired ability in the detection, transmission, coordination or their response to information about an animal's internal and external environments.
Embryos do not enter or take longer to enter first interphase compared to control.
Little/no cortical ruffling or pseudocleavage furrow, or excessive cortical activity. In C. elegans, this is often characterized at the two-cell stage.
Pharyngeal pumping contractions are brief and occur arhythmically in response to stimulus compared to control.
Any variations associated with the characteristic morphology of the pharyngeal muscle such as shape, birefringence etc compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the movement towards typically attractive water-soluble chemicals compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the chemosensory response to volatile organic compounds compared to control.
Variations in behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals, compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in any of a series of events in which an organism receives a sensory chemical stimulus, converts it to a molecular signal, and recognizes and characterizes the signal, compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the characteristic movement towards typically attractive cations compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the characteristic movement towards typically attractive anions compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the characteristic movement towards cyclic nucleotides compared to control.
cyclic nucleotide positive chemotaxis abnormal
cyclic nucleotide positive chemotaxis variant
Animals fail to exhibit the same taxis behavior as control animals in response to cGMP. In C. elegans, this is characterized by the failure to move towards cGMP.
Animals fail to exhibit the same taxis behavior as control animals in response to bromide. In C. elegans, this is characterized by the failure to move towards bromide.
Animals fail to exhibit the same taxis behavior as control animals in response to iodide. In C. elegans, this is characterized by the failure to move towards iodide.
Animals fail to exhibit the same taxis behavior as control animals in response to lithium. In C. elegans, this is characterized by the failure to move towards lithium.
Animals fail to exhibit the same taxis behavior as control animals in response to potassium. In C. elegans, this is characterized by the failure of the animals to move towards potassium.
Animals fail to exhibit the same taxis behavior as control animals in response to magnesium. In C. elegans, this is characterized by the failure to move towards magnesium.
In C. elegans, this is characterized by the failure to move towards typically attractive volatile organic molecules sensed by the AWC compared to control.
In C. elegans, this is characterized by the failure to move towards typically attractive volatile organic molecules sensed by the AWA compared to control.
In C. elegans, movement and elongation stop nearly simultaneously soon after the twofold stage of elongation. However, mutant embryos twitch at the one-and-a-half-fold stage of elongation, like control animals, and move as well as control animals at the two- fold stage.
late paralysis arrested elongation two fold
Fluctuation pattern between inactive, active, and egg-laying states is atypical, based on the analysis of the distribution of the log intervals of egg-laying events compared to control.
Animals display uncharacteristically long periods during which they do not lay eggs compared to control, usually based on the analysis of the distribution of the log intervals of egg-laying events. In C. elegans, long inactive phases can be observed in HSN-ablated and serotonin-deficient animals.
Fewer egg-laying events occur within the active phase of egg laying, based on the analysis of the distribution of the log intervals of egg-laying events, compared to control.
The period during which the animal is less likely to lay eggs is not typical compared with control animals, based on the analysis of the distribution of the log intervals of egg-laying events.
The active phase of egg-laying, the period during which animals are more likely to display multiple egg-laying events, is atypical compared with control animals, based on the analysis of the distribution of the log intervals of egg-laying events.
Animals are not induced to lay eggs in reponse to exogenous serotonin. Serotonin stimulates egg-laying in C. elegans.
More eggs are laid during the active phase compared with control animals, based on the analysis of the distribution of the log intervals of egg-laying events.
increased egg laying events during active
The period during which a worm usually does not lay eggs is short compared with control animals, based on the analysis of the distribution of the log intervals of egg-laying events.
Activation of the active phase of egg laying is defective, leading to an abnormally long inactive phase, based on the analysis of the distribution of the log intervals of egg-laying events.
Any variation in the state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) in response to a food stimulus, compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in egg-laying behavior in response to food compared to control. In C. elegans, well-fed animals lay more eggs compared with starved animals.
The vulval muscle does not respond to serotonin in the same manner as control animals. This phenotype is often assayed by imaging of calcium transients in response to serotonin.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the vulva muscle system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals.
Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within the vulval muscles compared to control.
vulval muscle homeostasis metabolism abnormal
vulval muscle homeostasis metabolism variant
Karyomeres in AB or P1 often accompanied by weak/thin wobbly spindle.
chromosome segregation variant karyomeres early emb
Cytokinesis is abnormal in the first or second stages of cell division.
cytoplasmic dynamics defective early emb
Excessive shaking and movements are seen in the cell membrane or cytoplasm of one-cell or two-cell embryos.
Morphology of the cytoplasm differs from control animals.
cytoplasmic morphology defective early emb
Abnormally large granules are observed in the cytoplasm of P0.
Multiple vesicles, vacuoles, or cavities are seen during early embryogenesis.
Failure to execute characteristic response to sodium chloride compared to control. In C. elegans, animals move towards attractive concentrations of sodium chloride.
Failure to execute characteristic response to butanone compared to control. In C. elegans, animals move towards typically attractive concentrations of butanone.
Failure to execute characteristic response to trimethylthiazole compared to control. In C. elegans, animals move towards typically attractive concentrations of trimethylthiazole.
Failure to execute characteristic response to acetone compared to control. In C. elegans, animals move towards typically attractive concentrations of acetone.
Failure to execute characteristic response to pentanol compared to control. In C. elegans, animals move towards typically attractive concentrations of pentanol.
Failure to execute characteristic response to hexanol compared to control. In C. elegans, animals move towards typically attractive concentrations of hexanol.
Animals are not able to survive at temperatures above standard cultivation temperatures to the same extent as control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the elimination of fecal matter during the larval stage compared to control animals.
Animals fail to expel fecal matter during the larval stage.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the intestine to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals.
OBSOLETE. Organismal response to NaCl differs from control animals.
Animals respond to sodium chloride at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. In C. elegans, this is often assayed through generation time and progeny number.
organism high sodium chloride hypersensitive
Large protrusion at the normal position of the vulva, as seen in C. elegans lin-12 null animals.
Unspecialized male germ cells (spermatocytes) prematurely acquire the specialized properties of functional sperm.
premature spermatocyte germ cell differentiation
Animals lack the passage connecting the posterior intestine to the rectal valve.
The extreme anterior part of the body appears distorted, usually due to uncharacteristic winding.
Animal dies prior to the gastrulation stage of embryogenesis.
Characteristic response to drugs with respect to egg-laying behavior varies compared to control.
Early embryos exhibit defects in the assembly, disassembly, arrangement, elongation or stabilization of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle.
Early embryos lack the array of microtubules and associated molecules that form between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis.
Altered P0 spindle placement causes either a symmetric first division, a division in which P1 is larger than AB, or a division in which the asymmetry is exaggerated such that AB is much larger than normal.
The orientation of the spindle is aberrant in either the AB or the P1 cell.
spindle orientation variant AB or P1 early emb
Rotation of the embryonic spindle is aberrant.
P0 spindle fails to rotate and extends perpendicular to the long axis of the embryo.
P0 spindle rotates late in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo.
Early embryos exhibit defects in the array of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole that do not connect to kinetochores.
Early embryos exhibit defects in the array of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole that do not connect to kinetochores in the AB cell.
The morphology of the AB aster resembles that of the P1 aster in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo.
Early embryos exhibit defects in the array of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole that do not connect to kinetochores in the P1 cell.
The progression of biochemical and morphological processes that occur during successive replication or nuclear replication events is disrupted during the early embryonic stage.
Cell cycle timing is abnormal during the first four cell divisions.
Absolute cell cycle timing during the first four cell divisions is aberrant.
absolute cell cycle timing defective early emb
Cell-cell contacts are abnormal in the early embryo.
Cell position is abnormal in the early embryo.
Embryos take longer to divide during the first and second cell divisions.
Relative cell cycle timing during the first four cell divisions is aberrant.
relative cell cycle timing defective early emb
Asynchrony of the second division is exaggerated and P1 divides more slowly than normal.
EMS divides at the same time that ABa and ABp divide.
ABa ABp EMS synchronous division early emb
Aba, ABp, EMS, or P1 contacts fewer of its sister cells than in control embryos.
cell cell contacts abnormal in four cell embryo
The EMS blastomere fails to extend anteriorly and make extensive contact (hug) with the ABa blastomere.
EMS extends too far anteriorly at the four cell stage.
EMS anterior extension extreme early emb
Embryos exhibit defects in the formation, maintenance or termination of the groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate during cytokinesis.
Cells of the embryo attempt to divide but fail to form two daughter cells.
Once formed, the mitotic furrow can "slide"laterally.
One or more extra cleavage furrows are seen in one or more cells of a one-cell to four-cell embryo
ABa or ABp divide in the wrong orientation.
Aba ABp division axis defective early emb
Animals exhibit defects in the form, structure or composition of any of its parts during the early embryonic stage.
embryonic morphology defective early emb
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any of its parts during any developmental stage ranging from zygote formation to hatching compared to control.
Embryos are produced that are less than fifty percent of the size of control embryos.
Nucleus is abnormal in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo.
Nuclear envelope does not reassemble properly.
nuclear envelope assembly variant early emb
Any variation in the normal orderly movement of neurons from one site to another compared to control.
After division of either one-cell or two-cell embryos, the nuclei reappear next to the cell division remnant.
nucleus reforms cell division remnant early emb
Nuclear number is abnormal in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo.
Embryos contain more than one nucleus per cell in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo.
Defects are either seen in the number or size of the polar bodies in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo.
Polar body number is abnormal in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo.
Polar body size is abnormal in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo.
Polar bodies are abnormal in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo.
Polar body is reabsorbed in the one- to four-cell embryo.
obsolete polar body reabsorbed first early emb
A polar body is reabsorbed in either the one cell- or the two-cell embryo.
Pronucleus is abnormal in the inviable embryo.
pronucleus centrosomes defective early emb
Pronucleus migration is abnormal in the inviable embryo.
pronuclear migration defective early emb
Neither of the pronuclei migrate and they never meet.
Instead of the maternal pronucleus migrating to the posterior end of the one-cell embryo, the paternal pronucleus migrates to meet the maternal pronucleus in the anterior end.
The maternal and paternal pronuclei meet more centrally instead of meeting in the posterior end of the embryo.
Maternal or paternal pronucleus is either too small or too large.
Pronuclear breakdown is atypical in the inviable embryo.
pronuclear breakdown defective early emb
Instead of breaking down synchronously, the two pronuclei break down asynchronously in the inviable one-cell embryo.
pronuclear breakdown asynchronous early emb
Pronucleus morphology is atypical in the inviable embryo.
pronuclear morphology defective early emb
Morphology of the pronuclear envelope is atypical in the inviable embryo.
pronuclear envelope morphology defective early emb
Maternal pronucleus has a blurry appearance. The nuclear envelope does not have a crisp circular shape.
maternal pronucleus indistinct early emb
There are more than two pronuclei in the inviable embryo.
Either the maternal or paternal pronucleus is absent.
There is either more than one maternal or paternal pronucleus in the inviable embryo.
One-cell embryos have two or more maternal pronuclei.
More than one paternal pronucleus is present in the inviable one-cell embryo or there is a defect in centrosome structure.
excess paternal pronucleus variant centrosome early emb
Pseudocleavage is atypical in the inviable one-cell embryo.
No pseudocleavage is observed before or during pronuclear migration.
Embryos have more pronounced pseudocleavage than normal.
Injected worm stops producing embryos 48 hours after RNAi injection and contains no live/developing embryos at this time.
The duration of viability in the adult phase of the life-cycle is less than that of control animals.
Developmentally regulated termination of a cell or cell group does not occur as in control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell that occur through necrosis or programmed cell death pathways different from apoptosis, so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death, compared to control.
Chromosomes fail to segregate away from their homolog, resulting in gametes with no or extra copies of the chromosome.
Higher numbers of male progeny occur in the population compared to control populations. In C. elegans, the high incidence of males phenotype in a self-fertilizing hermaphrodite population is a result of an increase in X chromosome nondisjunction.
high frequency X chromosome nondisjunction
Embryos rupture when placed on a 2% agar pad and covered with a coverslip.
embryo osmotic pressure sensitive early emb
The structure of the egg is impaired, flawed or no longer intact.
OBSOLETE. Phenotypic examination of worms did not reveal an obvious abnormality compared with control animals.
The phenotype ontology was restructured such that "Abnormal" is now the root term. The term "Abnormal" with a "Not" qualifier is a suggested replacement for this term.
Animals exhibit an increase in the quantity of germ line cells that have undergone programmed cell death but have not been engulfed.
Animals exhibit an increase in the quantity of non-germ line cells that have undergone programmed cell death but have not been engulfed.
Animals exhibit variations in the amount of fat or lipids present in the organism compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit less fat or lipid than observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit a greater amount of fat or lipids than observed in control animals.
The developmental progression of an early embryo over time, from its formation to its mature structure is delayed compared to control.
Embryos are either delayed or arrested at pronuclear contact.
embryo delayed at pronuclear contact early emb
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of radial arrangement of actin within the pharyngeal muscle compared to control animals.
radial filament structure variant pharynx
Any variation in the cell junctions of the pharyngeal muscle at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments compared to control.
adherens junctions variant pharyngeal muscle
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the pharynx to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for muscles in the pharynx to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals.
Any variation in the series of molecular signals in which a pharyngeal cell uses calcium ions to convert an extracellular signal into a response, compared to control.
Electropharyngeograms do not show a similar pattern as control animals. C. elegans animals show a repeating regular pattern in which each pump is associated with an excitatory depolarizing wave, often punctuated by brief negative spikes, followed by a plateau phase, and ending with an inhibitory hyperpolarizing wave.
Animals have one or more extra neurons, which are present in places they are normally not found, when compared to the number and location of these neurons in control animals.
Rhythmic calcium increases in the pharynx are observed less often than in control animals. In C. elegans, rhythmic increases in intracellular calcium are often observed using a transgenically expressed cameleon, a ratiometric calcium indicator.
generation calcium signal defective pharynx
Calcium spikes lack synchrony in the musculature of the corpus and the terminal bulb as seen in control.
synchronization calcium signal defective pharynx
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the somatic gonad to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the somatic sheath system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the contraction of a thin continuous tube surrounding the proximal portions of the ovary and covering the maturing oocytes to the near portion of the distal gonad arm, compared to control (Wormatlas).
Basal contraction rate and or peak contraction rate of the gonadal sheath is reduced relative to control animals.
Animals lack the stereotyped muscle contractions that result in the opening of anus.
Animals respond to nicotine at lower concentrations or shorter exposure compared to control. Nicotine is a cholinergic agonist.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of nicotine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of muscimol that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Animals respond to muscimol at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Variations in the process by which an organism travels from one location to another compared to control.
Any variation in a series of protein mediated signals that help relay information within the cell, and thereby affecting changes in the functioning of the cell, compared to control.
Animals show reduced susceptibility to gene silencing triggered by double stranded RNA (RNAi), compared to control.
Apparently normal sinusoidal movement, but appear to have poor traction on the agar surface of a culture plate.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process taking place in extracellular spaces within or associated with the organism, from that observed for control animals.
pericellular component physiology abnormal
pericellular component physiology variant
pericellular component physiology phenotype
The physical strength or function of the cuticle varies from that observed for control animals.
The strength of the cuticle is less robust than that observed for control animals. In C. elegans the strength of the cuticle is often assayed by it's ability to protect the animal from exposure to bleach or other compounds.
Animals exhibit a decrease in any parameter used to measure locomotion compared to control animals.
obsolete metaphase to anaphase transition fails
Variations in the mitotic expansion of germ cell populations or in the appearance of nuclei during development in the premeiotic region of the germline compared to control.
Oocyte chromosomes arrest in metaphase of meiosis I without transitioning to anaphase or producing polar bodies.
meiosis metaphase to anaphase transition block
Germ line cells exhibit variations in the process whereby a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, compared to control.
germ cell mitosis metaphase to anaphase transition block
Animals exhibit variations in the rate or extent of programmed cell death as it pertains to a sex-specific feature, compared to control populations.
Animals exhibit a decrease in the rate or extent of programmed cell death and thus an increase in cell survival, as it pertains to a sex-specific feature, compared to control populations.
cell survival sexually dimorphic increased
Animals exhibit in increase in the rate or extent of programmed cell death as it pertains to a sex-specific feature, compared to control populations.
Animal fails to exhibit characteristic response after a nose-on collision with an object compared to control. In C. elegans, this is usually assayed with a hair or similar fiber. The nose is the anterior most tip of the animal.
Animals exhibit an increase in frequency of transposition events (DNA movement to different positions within the genome of a single cell) causing an accumulation of lesions within the genome, compared to control.
Animals show reduced susceptibility to gene silencing in the germline triggered by double stranded RNA (RNAi), compared to control.
Any variation in the processes that govern the extension of axons compared to control.
Animals are missing the interfacial hypodermal cell (socket cell) of the phasmid sensillum pore.
Animals display variations in the structure, organization or path of the part of the axon that forms a bridge between body regions, compared to that in control animals.
Animals are missing any one of its commissures, an axon tract that connects one body part to another.
Animals lack the small linear ridges running along the lateral lines of the cuticle, lengthwise along the body (Wormatlas).
The orderly movement of neurons along the anterior axis of the animal is abolished, misdirected or incomplete compared to control.
The orderly movement of cells along the anterior axis of the animal is abolished, misdirected or incomplete compared to control.
The rate, frequency or extent of bidirectional movement of large protein complexes (mediated by motor proteins) along microtubules within a cilium or flagellum is increased compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the response to the addition of serotonin compared to that observed in control animals. Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter.
Animals exhibit variations in the pattern of a chemical nuclear stain which is commonly used in fixed specimens and produces a bright blue label, compared to control. DAPI (4'-6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole) forms fluorescent complexes with natural double-stranded DNA (Wormatlas).
Failure to execute the characteristic response to nonanone compared to control. In C. elegans, nonanone is a repellant.
Any variation in the orientation of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells compared to control.
Any increase in the intensity of expression of a gene product produced by exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism compared to its expression in control animals.
Any perturbation that causes an increase in the frequency of axon outgrowth compared to control. As a result, an excess number of axonal projections are generated.
Any variation in the length of time required for a male to find a mate and initiate the search for the vulva. In C. elegans, the latency period includes the time males spend to find a hermaphrodite and pause to press its ventral side against the surface of the hermaphrodite and initiate a backing up search for the vulva.
Any increase in the length of time required for a male to find a mate and initiate the search for the vulva. In C. elegans, the latency period includes the time males spend to find a hermaphrodite and pause to press its ventral side against the surface of the hermaphrodite and initiate a backing up search for the vulva.
Variations in the processes leading to the specialization of the finger-like sensory sensilla that project from the tail and embed in the male fan compared to control.
male tail sensory ray differentiation abnormal
male tail sensory ray differentiation variant
The rate, frequency or extent of bidirectional movement of large protein complexes (mediated by motor proteins) along microtubules within a cilium or flagellum is lower compared to control.
The bidirectional transport of molecules (cargo) along axonemal microtubules is reduced compared to control.
Bidirectional movement of large protein complexes (mediated by motor proteins) along microtubules within a cilium or flagellum is completely abolished.
The bidirectional transport of molecules along the middle segment of axonemal microtubules of the cilia is absent.
The bidirectional transport of molecules along the distal segment of axonemal microtubules of the cilia is absent.
The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons is disrupted.
Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of the microtuble-based projections that in control animals invaginate individually into the sheath cell of the neuronal sensillum rather than projecting through the socket cell to the outside. In C. elegans, the cilia of each wing cell has its own unique shape and as they are not exposed to the outside, they do not typically take up dyes.
Animals exhibit variations in the structure or composition of the dendritic projections of the amphid sensory neurons that traverse the sensillum pore to connect with the outside of the animal, compared to that observed in control animals. In C. elegans, amphid channel cilia morphology is frequently assayed by dye-filling experiments using FITC, DiI or DiO.
amphid channel cilia morphology abnormal
Animals exhibit variations in the structure or composition of the microtuble-based fibrillar core, axoneme, of the cilia of the neurons that project through the sensillum pore to the outside of the animal, compared to that observed in control animals.
amphid channel axoneme morphology abnormal
amphid channel axoneme morphology variant
The microtuble-based fibrillar-bundles of the amphid sensory cilia are reduced in length compared to those in control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of the microtubule-based fibrillar section, axoneme, of the cilia of the flat sheet-like cells associated with sensory function, from that observed in control animals.
The microtuble-based fibrillar-bundle, axoneme, of the wing cell cilia are reduced in length and do not extend into the sheath cell as far as they do in control animals.
The dendritic processes that normally extend through the amphid sensillum pore to the outside are truncated and have swollen ends as opposed to the extended and finger-like tips of channel cilia in control animals.
Animals exhibit wing cell sensory cilia that are truncated and swollen unlike that observed in control animals.
Variations in the aggregation of molecules at the site of DNA strand breakage or damage compared to control.
DNA damage induced focus formation abnormal
DNA damage induced focus formation variant
Variations in the generation of foci that mark sites of aberrant bonding of molecules to the DNA strand, compared to control.
cross link induced focus formation abnormal
cross link induced focus formation variant
Animals show increased susceptibility to gene silencing triggered by double stranded RNA (RNAi), compared to control.
Hermaphrodites exhibit a reduction in the production of new individuals owing to defects in gamete competence and/or function compared to control animals.
Haploid female germ cells (oocytes) exhibit variations in their overall structure, appearance or contents compared to control.
Animals show deficiencies in chroma resulting in increased translucency.
The developmental progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes is halted prior to the formation of the mature structure.
The morphological appearance of peroxisomes is variant compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the peroxisome to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals.
The anterior portion of the animal exhibits variations in its movement compared to control.
Any variation in triggering of the set of interactions occurring between a group of genes who depend on each other's individual functions in order to make the aggregate function of the network available to the cell, compared to control.
Any variation in the frequency of gonad sheath contractions triggered by internal or external stimuli compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the extent of activation of programmed cell death, compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the extent of activation of programmed cell death by exposure to a pathogen or pathogenic cue, compared to control.
Animals exhibit a decrease in the extent of activation of programmed cell death by exposure to a pathogen or pathogenic cue, compared to control.
Animals are more prone to lethality as a result of infection compared to control.
Vulval precursor cells inappropriately adopt fates that are normally restricted to other vulval precursor cells compared to control.
vulval precursor cell induction abnormal
Any variation in the state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, gene expression, etc.) in response to heat (high temperatures above the optimal temperature for that organism), compared to control.
Animals respond to heat at a lower temperature or a shorter exposure time compared to control animals.
Any variation that increases the magnitude of a signal generated by a set of gene interactions in a given pathway, compared to control.
Any variation in the cellular expression of a gene product produced by exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism such that it now expresses in cells/tissues not seen when compared to the expression of that gene product in control animals.
XX animals are transformed into males or pseudomales .
Any decrease in the intensity of expression of a gene product produced by exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism compared to its expression in control animals.
Any decrease in the intensity of expression of a gene product produced by exogenous DNA, exclusively in the male, that has been introduced into the organism compared to its expression in control animals.
Any decrease in the intensity of expression of a gene product produced by exogenous DNA, exclusively in the hermaphrodite, that has been introduced into the organism compared to its expression in control animals.
transgene expression reduced hermaphrodite
Pharynx becomes clogged with food. In C. elegans, this is often a result of pharyngeal pumping defects.
Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways of the mitochondria compared to control.
Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways of an organelle compared to control.
Animals contain a lower level of coenzyme Q, an oil-soluble vitamin-like substance present in most eukaryotic cells, primarily in the mitochondria, compared to control. It is a component of the electron transport chain and participates in aerobic cellular respiration.
Pharyngeal pumping is not influenced by treatment with specific compounds (eg: serotonin) in the same manner as control animals.
Exposure to food does not reduce pharyngeal pumping to the same extent as observed in control animals.
Animals do not exhibit a decrease in pumping rate when treated with specific compounds (such as pheromones) as is observed for control animals.
is alternative id for "locomotion reduced" (WBPhenotype:0001213); may have originally had term name "movement reduced"
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor resistant
Animals exhibit variations in their response to a specific acetylcholinesterase inhibitor compared to that observed in control animals.
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor response abnormal
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor response variant
Animals exhibit variations in actions and responses that occurs predominantly, or only, in individuals that are part of a group, from that observed for animals in a control group.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the body wall muscle system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the larva to carry out its normal metabolic functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals.
The most anterior portion of the animal is not aligned with the axis of the body.
Any portion of the animal, between the head and the tail, appears distorted, usually due to uncharacteristic winding.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of lannate that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Any variation in the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male tail over time, from its formation to the mature structure, compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of the more posterior portion of the intestine, just anterior to the sphincter valve, which is subject to squeezing by the somatal-intestinal muscles compared to control animals (Wormatlas).
Any variation that alters the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells in male animals compared to control.
Any variation in the composition or structure of the contents within a germ cell, excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, compared to control. Germ cells include sperm, oocytes, and their precursors.
germ cell cytoplasmic morphology abnormal
germ cell cytoplasmic morphology variant
Localization or structural appearance of P-granules is altered compared to control. P-granules are cytoplasmic structures associated with germ nuclei in the C. elegans gonad, and are localized exclusively to germ cells, or germ cell precursors, throughout the life cycle.
The restricted localization of P granules to germ cells or germ cell precursors is altered compared to control.
Animals have one or more extra cells of a particular type, which are present in places they are normally not found, when compared to the number and location of these cells in control animals.
The terminal portion of the intestine exhibits structural defects such as scarring or blockage.
Any variation in the form or composition of the structure that lies on the ventral surface just anterior and central to the base of the spicule openings (small lump on the gubernaculum of the male tail) and contains a sensory structure called the hook sensillum, compared to control. In C. elegans the hook is necessary for proper male mating.
Any variations in the form, structure or composition of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the male reproductive system compared to control. The reproductive system is involved in the generation of progeny which contain genetic material inherited from the parents.
male reproductive system morphology abnormal
male reproductive system morphology variant
The maximum ventral and dorsal flex of the animal is reduced compared to that observed for control animals.
The contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediate feeding is not as robust as compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit a decrease in the extent of a vibratory movement (as a worm bend) measured from the mean position to an extreme position compared to control.
amplitude of sinusoidal movement decreased
The placement of neuronal cells, as a whole or of a specific class of neuron in the animal, deviates from that observed in control animals.
Variations that result in a decrease in protein expression in hermaphrodites compared to that observed in control animals.
protein expression reduced hermaphrodite
The quantity of neuronal cells, as a whole or of a specific class of neuron in the animal deviates from that observed in control animals.
Any variation in the progression of the sex-specific muscles of the hermaphrodite, over time, whose contractions squeeze on the uterus to help move eggs towards the vulval opening compared to control (Wormatlas).
Any variation in the progression of the sex-specific muscles in the hermaphrodite, over time, that are specialized for egg-laying compared to control. In C. elegans the contractions of the vulval muscles open the lips of the vulva to help in expelling an egg from the uterus (Wormatlas).
Animals exhibit variations in the electrical properties of any of its cells or tissues compared to control.
Variations in the synaptic currents that are elicited by firing an action potential in a population of axons, compared to control.
The amplitudes of synaptic currents that are elicited by firing an action potential in a population of axons are decreased, compared to those observed in control animals.
Any variation in the currents observed in the absence of presynaptic action potentials and that are elicited by fusion of a single endogenous vesicle of transmitter compared to control.
The rate (frequency) of currents elicited by fusion of a single endogenous vesicle of transmitter in the absence of presynaptic action potentials is decreased compared to control. Changes in frequency are indicative of presynaptic modifications.
endogenous synaptic event frequency reduced
The amplitude (magnitude) of currents elicited by fusion of a single endogenous vesicle of transmitter in the absence of presynaptic action potentials is altered compared to control. Changes in amplitude are often interpreted as alterations of postsynaptic responsiveness to the transmitter.
Animals display variations in the structure, configuration, distribution or ratio of the components of the vesicle-filled varicosities of the synapse compared to control.
OBSOLETE. Total presynaptic vesicle number is reduced, possibly refecting a defect in the replenishment of synaptic vesicles compared to control.
Animals display variations in the shape or size of their vesicles, which are spherical, membrane-bound fluid-filled organelles, compared to vesicles observed in control animals.
Cells exhibit variations in their response to ionizing radiation compared to that observed in control animals.
cell ionizing radiation response abnormal
cell ionizing radiation response variant
Animals initiate but do not continue backward movement, similar to control animals.
Cells exhibit variations in their response to gamma ray radiation compared to that observed in control animals.
Cells respond to a lower dosage of gamma rays or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
The posterior part of the worm is shorter and stouter compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit a greater number of bends in their body compared to control. C. elegans posture assumes more than a single sine wave.
The rate of the intrinsic behavioral program that serves to move fertilized eggs down the uterus, through the vulva, and out of the worm onto the substrate is reduced compared to that observed in control animals (Wormatlas).
Animals display variations in the structure or organization of components of the motor neuron, internal to the cell itself or in relation to the cellular environment compared to that observed in control animals. A motor neuron is a neuronal cell that synapses to an effector (muscle, gland etc.).
Animals display variations in the number of spherical membrane-bound fluid-filled organelles, compared to that observed in control animals.
The body of a neuron is not where it should be when compared to control animals; it is absent or misplaced.
Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the muscles of the adult hermaphrodite reproductive system compared to control. In C. elegans hermaphrodites these muscles include the vulval and uterine muscles, located near the vulva in the midbody, which all derive from the M myoblast (Wormatlas).
hermaphrodite sex muscle morphology abnormal
hermaphrodite sex muscle morphology variant
Any variations in the form, structure or composition of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the hermaphrodite reproductive system, compared to control. The reproductive system is involved in the generation of progeny which contain genetic material inherited from the parents.
hermaphrodite reproductive system morphology abnormal
hermaphrodite reproductive system morphology variant
Animals exhibit variations in their response to a specific adrenergic receptor antagonist compared to that observed in control animals.
adrenergic receptor antagonist response abnormal
adrenergic receptor antagonist response variant
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of phentolamine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Animals are not induced to lay eggs in reponse to exogenous levamisole. In C. elegans, levamisole stimulates egg-laying.
Animals are not induced to lay eggs in reponse to exogenous imipramine. In C. elegans, imipramine stimulates egg-laying.
Animals are not induced to lay eggs in reponse to exogenous phentolamine. In C. elegans, phentolamine stimulates egg-laying.
Animals respond to exogenous imipramine at a lower concentration or within a shorter time period than control animals under the same conditions.
Early embryos exhibit defects in the assembly, disassembly, arrangement, elongation or stabilization of the microtubule spindle during a meiotic cell cycle.
Intracellular membrane bound compartments vary in shape or size from that observed in control animals.
organelle organization biogenesis abnormal
organelle organization biogenesis variant
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure, composition or arrangement of any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, compared to control. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
cytoskeleton organization biogenesis abnormal
cytoskeleton organization biogenesis variant
Any variation in the dynamic structural changes to the arrangement of constituent parts of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins compared to control.
Any variation in the series of molecular signals in which an intestinal cell uses calcium ions to convert an extracellular signal into a response, compared to control.
Variations in the form or composition of a structure in the cell nucleus which contains the genetic material encoded as DNA and surrounded by histone proteins and other regulatory elements compared to control. In C. elegans the normal cell contains 5 pairs of 'autosomes' and one or two X chromosomes (Wormatlas).
Variations in the processes that incorporate phosphate groups to one or more amino acids within a protein, compared to control.
Animals exhibit higher levels of protein phosphorylation compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit decreased levels of protein phosphorylation compared to that observed in control animals.
Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways of the endoplasmic reticulum compared to control.
endoplasmic reticulum metabolism abnormal
endoplasmic reticulum metabolism variant
The coordinated movement during prophase of the two centrosomes and the two pronuclei towards the center of the one cell embryo is abolished.
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure, composition or arrangement of actin, an abundant cytoskeletal protein in most cells, often linked to the plasma membrane and concentrated at cell junctions compared to control (Wormatlas).
actin cytoskeleton filament morphology abnormal
actin cytoskeleton filament morphology variant
actin cytoskeleton filament morphology phenotype
Variations in the form or composition of a specialized tissue of the reproductive tract that produces the male or female gametes compared to control (Wormatlas).
Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the muscles of the adult male reproductive system compared to control. In C. elegans males, the M myoblast gives rise to a much larger set of specialized muscles, compared to hermaphrodites, which differentiate within the tail region (Wormatlas).
Variations in the form or composition of a specialized tissue of the reproductive tract that produces the male gametes compared to control (Wormatlas).
Male animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of any component that is part of the complement of organ tissues that serve to detect, relay and coordinate information about an animal's internal and external environments and to initiate and integrate its effector responses and activities, compared to that in control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the structure and organization of the chamber in the male tail that extends from the termination of four canals (vas deferens, gut, and left and right spicule channels) to just before the cloaca, from that observed in control animals.
Hermaphrodites fail to produce any viable progeny via self-fertilization. However, such hermaphrodites can successfully reproduce if mated to control males.
Any variation in the progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells compared to control.
The progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis in eukaryotic cells is abolished.
The head contains cavities, possibly indicative of inappropriate cell death.
Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the flattened structure extending laterally at the extreme tip of the adult male consisting of nine pairs of sensory rays that lie within a web-like cuticle compared to control.
Any variation in the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male bursa over time, from its formation to the mature structure, compared to control. The male bursa consists of the lateral fan and rays (WormAtlas).
Any variation in the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male fan over time, from its formation to the mature structure, compared to control.
Any variation in the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male proctodeum over time, from its formation to the mature structure, compared to control. The union of the vas deferens and the intestine give rise to the proctodeum which contains copulatory spicules.
Animals lack the somatic gonad structure that connects the distal gonad arm to the uterus.
Variations in the selective and non-covalent physical association between two or more proteins, or a protein and nucleic acid/macromolecular complex, compared to control.
Variations in the selective and non-covalent physical association between two or more proteins, compared to control.
Variations in the selective and non-covalent physical association between a protein and a specific RNA sequence, compared to control.
Variations in the selective and non-covalent physical association between a protein and a specific DNA sequence, compared to control.
Animals lack a specific protein-RNA interaction observed in control animals.
The shape and size of nuclei as well as the distribution of nucleoporins are strongly affected.
pronuclear nuclear appearance variant emb
The expression of a gene product produced by DNA coded for by exogenous genetic material that has been introduced into the organism is reduced below the threshold of detection.
The expression of a gene product produced by DNA coded for by exogenous genetic material that has been introduced into the organism is reduced below the threshold of detection in specific cells.
transgene expression undetectable cell specific
Variations in the generation of foci that mark crossover recombination events, compared to control. These foci mark the boundary of asymmetric synaptonemal complex disassembly.
Any variation in the cell cycle process whereby replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to a specific toxic chemical compared to that observed in control animals.
organism toxic chemical response abnormal
organism toxic chemical response variant
Animals respond to anoxic (trace oxygen levels) stress after a shorter exposure time compared to control.
Animals fail to respond to trace amounts of oxygen that elicit a response in control animals.
Variations in the covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications), compared to control. This includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification).
Variations in the processes that incorporate methyl groups to one or more amino acids within a protein, compared to control.
Animals exhibit a reduction in the production of new individuals that contain some portion of their genetic material inherited from that organism as a result of defective gametes.
Relatively unspecialized germ cells prematurely acquire the specialized properties of mature oocytes.
Any perturbation that disrupts the fusion of male and female gametes (sperm and oocyte) in adult hermaphrodites during sexual reproduction.
Failure of male-derived sperm to fuse with an oocyte during sexual reproduction.
Organisms respond to a lower dosage of gamma rays or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
organism hypersensitive gamma irradiation
Cells fail to respond to the dosage of gamma irradiation that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, cells require longer exposure times to gamma irradiation to mimic the response observed in control animals.
Cells respond to a lower dosage of UV or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit an increase in the extent of activation of programmed cell death by exposure to the nucleic acid damaging agent, gamma irradiation, compared to control.
Cells of the animals cease during one of its replicative phases (G1, S, G2, M).
Variations in the processes that reduce the internal pH of a cell (measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion), compared to control.
Animals lack the capacity to reduce the internal pH of a cell.
Vacuoles accumulate in the body. A vacuole is a closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material.
Animals completely lack any pharyngeal pumping motion.
Animals exhibit an increase in the cell death process that is morphologically characterized by a gain in cell volume (oncosis), swelling of organelles, plasma membrane rupture and subsequent loss of intracellular contents, compared to control.
Animals display variations in the structure, organization of components, or spatial pattern of any projection stemming from a neuronal cell, compared to that observed in control animals.
Any variation in the structure, form or composition of the semipermeable lipid bilayer that creates a boundary between the interior and exterior environment for cells, cellular organelles and tissues, within an organism compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the measured expression of a protein compared to that observed in control animals.
The morphological appearance of mitochondria is varied compared to control animals.
Mitochondria are interconnected by thin tubules of mitochondrial inner or outer membrane.
Any variation in the placement of a protein, as detected by antibody staining, within in a cell or cellular compartment compared to control.
antibody subcellular localization abnormal
antibody subcellular localization variant
Any variation that results in the detection of protein expression in cells/tissues through antibody staining, that is otherwise not observed in control animals.
Variations that result in the accumulation of soluble/insoluble protein aggregates in a particular cell or tissue, compared to control. Protein aggregates are often formed by interactions between misfolded protein molecules and/or deficiencies in proper protein folding.
Variations that result in a decrease in protein expression in male animals compared to that observed in control animals.
Variations that result in a decrease in protein expression in specific cells compared to that observed in control animals.
protein expression reduced cell specific
Any variation in the cellular or subcellular distribution of a protein compared to that observed in control animals.
Any variation that results in the cellular expression of a protein in cells/tissues, that is otherwise not observed in control animals.
Animals fail to express a given protein or class of proteins.
Animals exhibit an altered display of glycosylated proteins or lipids or altered access to glycosylated moieties along their surface from that observed in control animals of the same developmental stage. In C. elegans, variations in surface accessible glycosylated species are often revealed by altered lectin-binding from that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the organization of the longitudinal ridges on the cuticle along the length of the animal, from that observed for control animals of the same developmental stage.
Animals do not exhibit tail-swelling in response to infection by a bacterial pathogen (such as Microbacterium nematophilum) compared to control.
Males exhibit defects in the specific actions or reactions that are associated with reproduction.
Animals exhibit variations that result in variations in the ability of or extent to which pathogens adhere to the surface of animals, compared to control.
Pathogens are unable to adhere/colonize the surface of host animals. This defect is often associated with changes in cuticle surface properties of the host.
Any variation in the state or activity of an organism in response to extreme dryness or drought-like conditions, compared to control .
Animals respond to less severe drought-like conditions or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Animals respond to emetine at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Animals can move thorough a lawn of bacterially produced biofilm without accumulating an enormous amount of biofilm on its nose. When C. elegans is exposed to certain bacteria (e.g., Y. pestis), a biofilm accumulates on a worm's head. The presence of this biofilm inhibits feeding by the worm, and thereby prevents growth.
Animals exhibit variations in the directed movement of substances into, out of or mediated by the endosome, a membrane-bound organelle that trafficks material to different compartments of the cell or back to the plasma membrane for recycling compared to control.
Animals exhibit defects in the directed movement of substances into, out of or mediated by the endosome, a membrane-bound organelle that trafficks material to different compartments of the cell or back to the plasma membrane for recycling.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the coelomocyte to carry out its normal functions or activities, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the oocyte to carry out its normal functions or activities, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit defects in the cell-mediated uptake of external materials via receptor activity. Receptor-mediated endocytosis ensures specificity of transport and generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles. In C. elegans, this is often judged by the lack of yolk uptake in oocytes.
Fluid-phase endocytosis by coelomocytes is less frequent or efficient compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any cellular contents (excluding plasma membrane and nucleus), compared to control animals.
Animals accumulate an excess of vesicle-like structures in cells.
Variations in the processes that are carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lysosome, compared to control.
lysosome organization biogenesis abnormal
lysosome organization biogenesis variant
Male tails fail to undergo tip retraction thereby forming a 'leptoderan' or 'pointed' adult tail.
Adult males exhibit a truncated tail, often without a fan or have well-developed fans but squarish, truncated back ends compared to control. In C. elegans this is due to precocious male tail tip retraction beginning in the early L3 stage (normally retraction begins in the L4 stage). Condition can be lethal if the function of the anus is affected.
Two or more individual cells form a syncytium (a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane) via the fusion of the plasma membranes at an earlier stage of development compared to comparable cells in control animals.
Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient compared to control. Directed movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
Failure in directed movement in response to ammonium chloride compared to control. In C. elegans, NH4Cl is an attractant. NH4Cl has also subsequently been used to assay for Cl- attraction in C. elegans.
Animals tend to initiate a response more often, compared to control, after nose-on collisions with an object. In C. elegans, animals initiate backwards movement in response to nose touch.
Animals execute a response, via directed movement to octanol at a lower concentration or shorter exposure time compared to control. In C. elegans, animals avoid octanol.
Animals fail to move towards attractive volatile organic molecules. In C. elegans, these compounds are sensed by the AWA and AWC neurons.
Animals fail to move towards attractive anions.
Animals fail to move towards attractive cations.
Animals fail to move towards attractive water-soluble chemicals.
water soluble positive chemotaxis abnormal
Failure in directed movement in response to sodium acetate. In C. elegans, sodium acetate is an attractant. Sodium acetate has also subsequently been used to assay for Na+ attraction in C. elegans.
Animals exhibit variations in response to water-soluble chemicals, compared to control.
water soluble chemosensory response abnormal
Animals do not exhibit characteristic desensitization to a water-soluble chemo-attractive signal in a time-concentration dependent and reversible manner compared to control.
Animals do not exhibit characteristic chemoattractive desensitization to sodium acetate in a time-concentration dependent and reversible manner compared to control.
Animals do not exhibit characteristic chemoattractive desensitization to sodium chloride in a time-concentration dependent and reversible manner compared to control.
Animals do not exhibit characteristic chemoattractive desensitization to ammonium chloride in a time-concentration dependent and reversible manner compared to control.
Animals fail to move away from repellant volatile organic chemicals.
Animals fail to move away from repellent water soluble chemicals.
Animals exhibit variations through directed movement, in response to repellant water soluble chemicals, compared to control.
Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of garlic compared to control. In C. elegans, garlic is typically a repellant.
Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of octanol. In C. elegans, octanol is typically a repellant.
Animals exhibit variations in their avoidance response to high concentrations of sodium chloride solution compared to control.
high sodium chloride concentration osmotic avoidance abnormal
high sodium chloride concentration osmotic avoidance variant
Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of the bitter tastant quinine, a water soluble molecule. In C. elegans, quinine is typically a repellant.
Animals exhibit variations through directed movement, in response to repellant volatile organic chemicals, compared to control.
Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of nonanone. In C. elegans, nonanone is typically a repellant.
Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of bromide. In C. elegans, bromide is typically an attractant.
Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of chloride.
Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of iodide.
Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of ammonium chloride. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, ammonium chloride is an attractant. NH4Cl has also been used to assay for Cl- attraction.
Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of sodium acetate. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, sodium acetate is an attractant. Sodium acetate has also been used to assay for Na+ attraction.
Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of sodium chloride. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, sodium chloride is an attractant.
Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of cAMP.
Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of cGMP.
Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of acetone. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, acetone is an attractant.
Any variation in the directed movement of an animal in response to a volatile chemical stimulus that is usually received and processed by the AWA sensory neuron in control animals.
Any variation in the directed movement of an animal in response to a volatile chemical stimulus that is usually received and processed by the AWC sensory neuron in control animals.
Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of benzaldehyde. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, benzaldehyde is an attractant.
Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of butanone. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, butanone is an attractant.
Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of diacetyl. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, diacetyl is an attractant.
Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of hexanol. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, hexanol is an attractant.
Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of isoamyl alcohol. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, isoamyl alcohol is an attractant.
Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of pentanol. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, pentanol is an attractant.
Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of pyrazine. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, pyrazine is an attractant.
Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of trimethylthiazole. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, trimethylthiazole is an attractant.
Any variation in the defecation motor program that involves the contraction of the anterior body wall muscles compared to control.
Any variation in the directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons, compared to control.
Any variation in the elongation of embryonic epidermal cells compared to control. In C. elegans, this elongation occurs along an anterior-posterior axis, which is required to transform the bean-shaped embryo into the elongated shape of the worm.
Animals exhibit variations in any of a series of events in which a pheromone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal that induces dauer formation in control animals.
Variations in the rhythmic relaxations of the a highly specialized cuticle region of the pharynx inside the lumen of the second bulb, compared to control (Wormatlas).
The number of body thrashes within an aqueous environment in a given period of time is increased, compared with control worms.
Animals exhibit a reduction in the frequency of oscillations between adjacent body segments from that observed for control animals.
frequency of sinusoidal movement reduced
temporal frequency of sinusoidal movement decreased
The eggs being deposited by adults are of a later developmental stage, compared to control. In C. elegans, this is likely to be a consequence of delayed active egg-laying periods.
Animals fail to execute directed movement in response to ammonium acetate. In C. elegans, ammonium acetate is an attractant.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to the presence of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or to other ER-related stressors compared to control.
endoplasmic reticulum stress response abnormal
Animals accumulate unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and or the mitochondria.
Animals exhibit variations in the development of the male elongated sclerotized structures covered by a hardened layer of cuticle in the tail (which are actively everted during copulation to fasten the male copulatory fan to the vulva) compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the development of the sclerotic cuticle that forms the roof of the proctodeum (gubernaculum) compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the structure or composition of the sclerotic cuticle that forms the roof of the proctodeum, from that observed in control animals.
obsolete posterior region morphology abnormal
obsolete anterior region morphology abnormal
Animals lack a properly developed posterior region compared to control. In C. elegans, mutants exhibit a severely deformed posterior region with a variable knob-like shape; accompanied by arrest at about the time of hatching with fairly normal pharyngeal and anterior development. Most mutants arrest as L1 larvae, and 5% do not hatch.
VPCs (vulval precursor cells) divide at an earlier stage of development compared to control animals; in C. elegans, VPCs divide in the mid-L3 stage to generate the 22 cells that comprise the vulva.
DTCs migrate at an earlier stage of development, compared to control.
Cells divide at an earlier stage of development compared to control animals.
Cells exhibit variations in the process whereby a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase, compared to control. Metaphase is the second stage of chromosome segregation in the cell cycle where chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell and anaphase is the stage where sister chromatids (or homologous chromosomes) separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle.
Cells exhibit variations in the process whereby a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, compared to control. Metaphase is the second stage of chromosome segregation in the cell cycle where chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell and anaphase is the stage where sister chromatids separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle.
mitotic metaphase to anaphase transition defect
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the pseudopod of the sperm to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals.
Variations in the process by which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle, compared to control.
Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of pentanedione.
Animals fail to discriminate between distinct odorants.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of a specific chemical that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Any variation in the mechanisms used to ensure that axons in the ventral nerve cord maintain their correct positioning after termination of axonal outgrowth and target recognition compared to control.
Sterility caused by aberrant maternal components required for normal postembryonic development and/or function of the germ line.
Any variation in the processes that govern spontaneous backward locomotion compared to control.
Any variation in the processes that govern the rate at which spontaneous backward locomotion is initiated compared to control.
Animals fail to be affected by toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt toxins) in the same manner as control animals.
Any perturbation that disrupts the fusion between the anchor cell and the surrounding utse syncytium. Such variations result in the loss of uterine-vulval connectivity and continuity.
Any of the finger-like sensory sensilla that project from the tail and embed in the male fan are absent.
Any variation in the processes that govern acquisition of neuronal cell fates compared to control.
neuronal cell fate specification abnormal
neuronal cell fate specification variant
Variations in the stereotypical migration pattern of the linker cell in a developing male compared to control.
Bilaterally symmetric cell fail to acquire specific left-right asymmetric properties such as L/R specific cell position, cell death or gene expression.
Variations in the process of secretion of a class of membrane-bound vesicles found inside neurons, gland cells, and some epithelial cells in which the central core appears darkly stained when viewed in thin section by electron microscopy, compared to control. Exocytosis occurs via the fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell (Wormatlas).
Variations in the uptake of a small membrane-bound organelle, filled with neurotransmitter(s) and/or neuropeptides, by the invagination of small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle compared to control(Wormatlas).
Animals exhibit variations in the quantity or patterning of electron-dense columnar structures that join the basal and cortical cuticle layers, from that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit a helically twisted cuticle. In practice the degree of twisting is measured as the number of helical twists the alae make about anterior/posterior axis of the animal.
Animals exhibit variations in the circumferential pattern of ridges in the outer cortical layer of the cuticle, compared to that observed in control animals of the same developmental stage.
Any variation in the levels and/or localization of biogenic amines compared to control animals.
Formaldehyde induced fluorescence abnormal
Any variation in the orderly movement of cells along the posterior axis of the animal (abolished, misdirected or incomplete) compared to control.
Any variation in the orderly movement of neurons along the posterior axis of the animal(abolished, misdirected or incomplete) compared to control.
Embryos retract after the embryonic elongation process.
The elongated sclerotized structures covered by a hardened layer of cuticle in the male tail (which are actively everted during copulation to fasten the male copulatory fan to the vulva) constitutively extend into the external environment through the cloacal opening. In C. elegans males there are two copulatory spicules.
Any variation in the makeup, density or area of the ECM compared to control.
Exhibition of quiescent behavior under inappropriate conditions and improper recovery from quiescent state. Quiescent behavior is normally coupled with lethargus.
Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of the posterior region of the pharynx compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of any one of the specialized sensory receptor cells of the nervous system that compared to control animals. In C. elegans, these specialized cells are characterized as having axoneme containing dendritic projections emanating from their cell body.
Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of any component of any specialized chemosensory organs located on the head or along the tail, compared to that observed in control animals.
amphid phasmid sensillum morphology abnormal
amphid phasmid sensillum morphology variant
Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of any component of the sensillum channel including the sheath and or socket cells, their junctions with each other, channel neurons or surrounding epithelia compared to control.
sensillum accessory cell morphology abnormal
sensillum accessory cell morphology variant
OBSOLETE: Any variation in the form, structure or composition of an interfacial epithelial cell which forms a specialized environment surrounding the ciliated sensory ending(s) of one or more neurons and is often accompanied by a more distal socket cell compared to control (Wormatlas).
Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of any component of a specialized sensory organ in the head that contains a CEP receptor neuron, compared to control. In C. elegans, cells in these organs are refractory to FITC dye uptake.
Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the sensilla of the mouth compared to control. In C. elegans, these sensillum are arranged in two (inner and outer) concentric rings around the mouth.
Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the inner labial ring compared to control. In C. elegans, the ring is composed of six sensilla, which include associated neurons IL1 & IL2.
Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the outer labial ring compared to control. In C. elegans, this ring consists of four sensilla (OLQ) or the two additional lateral sensilla (OLL), which are part of the labial sensillum.
Any variation in makeup, density or area of the ECM lending structure to neurons compared to control animals. In C. elegans, the neuronal ECM is sometimes referred to as a mantle.
Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the sensilla situated laterally in the anterior (ADE) or the posterior (PDE) of the animal compared to control. In C. elegans, each of the 4 deirid sensilla (2ADE, 2 PDE) contains a pair of neurons with ciliated dendritic processes that lie in a channel formed by a socket cell and invaginated sheath cell. The cilia of the deirids terminate in the subcuticle and are not exposed to the outside; however occasionally take up FITC.
Embryos exhibit variations in the patterning of differentiated cell types, compared to control.
Any variation in the ability of cells to monitor the quality of their mRNAs and degrade any transcripts that are poorly or incompletely translated compared to control.
Defects in the cellular machinery that targets aberrant mRNAs species (nonsense codons, splice errors, altered untranslated regions etc.) for degradation. In C. elegans, mutations in such loci often act as allele-specific non gene-specific recessive suppressors of certain allele phenotypes and cause abnormal morphogenesis of male and hermaphrodite genitalia.
Animals exhibit variations in the entry into the dauer stage when exposed to conditions that induce dauer formation in control animals.
The life span of dauer-staged animals is either longer or shorter than that observed in control dauer animals.
Variations in the execution of the developmentally-regulated cell cycle arrest in the gonad during the dauer stage, compared to control.
Any variation in the inhibition of feeding which is induced/occurs during the dauer stage compared to control.
Dauer stage animals exhibit a decrease in self-propelled movement on a solid medium compared to control animals.
Variations in the state or activity of a dauer stage organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus, compared to control.
Any variation in the overall structure or appearance of an animal progressing through an alternative larval stage in response to environmental stresses compared to control animals.
Variations which lead to the decreased ability of dauer larva to survive at extreme conditions, such as high or low temperatures, the presence of dilute acids, detergents, anesthetics, or even fixatives, compared to control (Wormatlas).
dauer resistance to harsh conditions abnormal
dauer resistance to harsh conditions variant
Animals exhibit variations in the chemical reactions and pathways that occur during the dauer life stage, compared to control.
Any variation in the ratio of the body length to body width in a dauer stage animal, compared to control. Long thin animals will have a high axial ratio.
Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of the chain of cuboidal cells which form a central lumen lined by microvilli that allow the passage of food, compared to control. Food passes from the posterior pharynx to the intestine where it is digested and then on to the rectum which processes the waste products for excretion.
Variations in the form or composition of the cuticle-lined lumenal region which lies just behind the lips at the entrance to the pharyngeal lumen in dauer stage animals compared to control (Wormatlas).
Any variation in the progression of the formation of the rigid external coating (which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some interfacial epithelial cells) during the dauer larva stage, compared to control animals (Wormatlas). The dauer larval stage is a developmentally arrested larval stage that is specialized for survival under harsh, or otherwise unfavorable environmental conditions.
Variations in the form or composition of the mouthparts at the anterior end of the digestive tract during the dauer stage, compared to control.
Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of a pair of large cells in the head that fuse to form a single gland whose contents are released into the excretory duct through a specialized secretory membrane, compared to control (Wormatlas).
Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any portion of the extreme anterior part of their body compared to control.
Any variations in the form, structure or composition of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the dauer sensory system, compared to control. The dauer sensory system is used to perceive the physical and chemical environment during the dauer larval stage.
dauer sensory system morphology abnormal
Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the sense organs comprised of ciliated sensory nerve endings enveloped by sheath and/or socket cells, from that observed in control animals.
Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the sensilla of the mouth compared to control. In C. elegans, these sensillum are arranged in two (inner and outer) concentric rings around the mouth.
Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of any component of any specialized chemosensory organs located on the head, compared to that observed in control animals.
Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the sensilla situated laterally in the anterior (ADE) or the posterior (PDE) of the animal compared to control. In C. elegans, each of the 4 deirid sensilla (2ADE, 2 PDE) contains a pair of neurons with ciliated dendritic processes that lie in a channel formed by a socket cell and invaginated sheath cell. The cilia of the deirids terminate in the subcuticle and are not exposed to the outside; however occasionally take up FITC.
obsolete dauer sensory system plug variant
Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the inner labial ring compared to control. In C. elegans, the ring is composed of six sensilla, which include associated neurons IL1 & IL2.
Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the outer labial ring compared to control. In C. elegans, this ring consists of four sensilla (OLQ) or the two additional lateral sensilla (OLL), which are part of the labial sensillum.
Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of any component of a specialized sensory organ in the head that contains a CEP receptor neuron, compared to control. In C. elegans, cells in these organs are refractory to FITC dye uptake.
The window of production of self-fertilized eggs exceeds or does not extend to the same length as control.
Failure to execute characteristic response to lysine as defined by control animals. In C. elegans, lysine is an attractant.
Any variation in the process that regulates the migration of ventral epidermal cells toward the ventral midline (to encase underlying cells in an epithelial monolayer) in developing embryos compared to control.
Nuclei of specific cells are larger compared to control animals.
Any variation in the export of mRNA from the cell nucleus compared to control.
The characteristic organization of myosin filaments into discrete A-bands within the muscle cells is disrupted. In C. elegans, myosin filaments no longer appear as continuous longitudinally oriented fibers across the muscle quadrants.
body wall muscle myosin organization abnormal
body wall muscle thick myofilament organization abnormal
body wall muscle myosin organization defective
The characteristic organization of actin filaments into I-bands is disrupted. In C. elegans, actin filaments no longer appear as thin continuous longitudinal stripes along the muscle quadrants.
body wall muscle actin organization abnormal
body wall muscle thin myofilament organization abnormal
body wall muscle actin organization defective
Variations in the accumulation of muscle proteins at membranes where adjacent muscle cells contact each other and the hypodermis compared to control. In C. elegans, during early embryonic body wall muscle development, muscle, basement membrane, and hypodermal components are all colocalized in a continuous linear structure at the site of muscle-hypodermal contact.
body wall muscle cell polarization abnormal
body wall muscle cell polarization variant
Animals that are not ordinarily male, exhibit male-specific attributes. In C. elegans, XX animals exhibit male-specific attributes.
Animals exhibit variations in the response to the addition of nicotine compared to that observed in control animals. Nicotine is a cholinergic agonist.
Animals exhibit variations in the cellular levels of Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP), compared to control. ATP is a nucleotide that plays a versatile role in cell biology.
Animals exhibit a decrease in the cellular levels of Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP), compared to control. ATP is a nucleotide that plays a versatile role in cell biology.
Variations in the spatial distribution of the mitochondria within the cell compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the parallel arrangement of mitochondria within a cell compared to control.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of cholinergic agonist that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Animals respond to a cholinergic agonist at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Any variation in the progression of the controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope, compared to control.
Levels of transcripts associated with genes on the X chromosome are increased compared to control.
Levels of transcripts associated with genes on the X chromosome are decreased compared to control.
Animals segregate progeny with 3 X chromosomes.
Any variation in the movement of chromosomes to the spindle equator during mitosis compared to control animals.
chromosome alignment at metaphase plate abnormal
chromosome alignment at metaphase plate variant
Any variation in a cell's ability to divide asymmetrically to produce two daughter cells with different developmental potentials compared to control.
Animals contain more than one anchor cell. In C. elegans, presumptive ventral uterine cells undergo fate transformation and instead acquire the properties of an anchor cell (often due to defects in lateral signaling).
Animals exhibit variations in the formation and/or arrangement of actin, an abundant cytoskeletal protein in most cells, often linked to the plasma membrane and concentrated at cell junctions compared to control (Wormatlas).
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure, composition or arrangement of a robust macromolecular array, composed primarily of tubulin, which forms long extended cytoskeletal elements compared to control (Wormatlas).
microtubule organization biogenesis abnormal
microtubule organization biogenesis variant
Any variation that alters the characteristic de novo formation of a microtubule compared to control.
Any variation that alters the characteristic removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a microtubule compared to control.
Any variation that alters the characteristic addition of tubulin heterodimers to one or both ends of a microtubule compared to control.
Alternating periods of stopping and moving; Motion is interrupted by periods of inactivity lasting several seconds.
Animals exhibit variations in the homology-dependent transcriptional level silencing of the expression of exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism, compared to control. In C. elegans this silencing occurs only in the germline.
Animals exhibit variations in the homology-dependent transcriptional level silencing of the expression of exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism, in the germline, compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the homology-dependent transcriptional level silencing of the expression of exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism, in the soma, compared to control.
Swelling of the tail hypodermis resulting in a prematurely-truncated and thickened appearance of the tail. In C. elegans, this is usually applies to hermaphrodites.
Any variation that results in a fewer than control number of muscle cells.
Treatment with inhibitors of serotonin reuptake does not elicit the same response as observed for control animals.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of ouabain that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. In C. elegans, resistance to ouabain is often assayed via body contraction response.
Animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to ouabain to elicit the rapid muscular contractions seen in control animals.
contraction response to ouabain resistant
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of biogenic amine receptor antagonist that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
biogenic amine receptor antagonist resistant
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of methiothepin that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of cyproheptadine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of mianserin that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Animals do not live longer in response to mianserin compared to control.
extended life span response to mianserin resistant
Animals respond to ethanol at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Animals become paralyzed in response to ethanol at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
paralysis response to ethanol hypersensitive
Animals respond to the anesthetic enflurane at lower concentrations or shorter exposure times than control animals.
Animals respond to the anesthetic isoflurane at lower concentrations or shorter response times than control animals.
Animals respond to the anesthetic ether at lower concentrations or shorter response times than control animals.
Animals respond to the lipid-soluble anesthetic halothane at lower concentrations or shorter response times compared to control animals.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of ethanol that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to ethanol to elicit the response compared to control animals. In C.elegans the phenotype designation Jud is short for JUDang, which is Korean for resistant to alcohol.
Animals in the presence of ethanol continue to respond to touch under conditions when control worms have stopped responding to stimuli.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to a specific anticonvulsant compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of compounds that act as anticonvulsants that elicit a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of trimethadione, which acts as an anticonvulsant, that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of ethosuximide, which acts as an anticonvulsant, that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of the anesthetic halothane that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of the volatile anesthetic isoflurane that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to oxidative stress compared to that observed in control animals.
organism oxidative stress response abnormal
organism oxidative stress response variant
Animals respond to a lower concentration of reactive oxygen species or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
organism oxidative stress response hypersensitive
Animals lay eggs at a greater rate in response to exogenous serotonin compared to control animals.
Any variation in the posture of the male tail after application of exogenous serotonin compared to control. In C. elegans, males respond with a tight ventral curling of the male tail in response to serotonin.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of serotonin that elicits a male tail curling response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. In C. elegans males respond to serotonin with a tight ventral curling of the male tail and posterior body.
Males respond to serotonin by curling their tails at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. In C. elegans males respond to serotonin with a tight ventral curling of the male tail and posterior body.
male tail curling serotonin hypersensitive
Any variation in the locomotion rate after application of exogenous serotonin compared to control.
The decrease in locomotion rate in the presence of serotonin is greater than control animals.
locomotion rate serotonin hypersensitive
Animals fail to decrease their locomotion rate in response the concentration of serotonin that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Any variation in egg laying behavior after application of exogenous serotonin compared to control. In C. elegans, serotonin induces egg laying.
Any variation in the developmental progression of the intestine that leads to a blockage in the alimentary canal.
Animals produce ova/sperm that contain no X chromosome in a nonmendelian segregation pattern.
Animals produce ova/sperm that contain 2 X chromosomes.
Animals produce ova/sperm that contain lethal factors as a result of chromosomal disjunction defects.
Animals respond to compounds that elicit electrophilic stress at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
organism electrophilic stress hypersensitive
Animals contain an excess number of pharyngeal cells compared to control. In C. elegans, pharyngeal cells are derived from MS-blastomere. The overproduction of pharyngeal tissues is a result of other blastomeres adopting an MS-like fate.
Animals contain an excess number of intestinal cells compared to control. In C. elegans, intestinal cells are derived from E-blastomere. The overproduction of intestinal tissues is a result of other blastomeres adopting an E-like fate or excess cell proliferation in the E lineage.
Embryos fail to generate cells that exhibit intestinal specification. In C. elegans, the E blastomere is the precursor of all the intestinal cells.
OBSOLETE: Animals are deficient in the formation or disassembly of lysosomes.
Animals exhibit a decrease in their high-speed movement in the forward direction with brief backward movement compared to control. In C. elegans, Animals do not move more than a few body lengths from their starting position and searches occur locally with pivoting behavior.
Animals are unable to acidify compartments to the same level as that observed in control animals given the same stimulus.
Animals lack or exhibit defects in the posterior body muscle contractions during the defecation cycle.
Variations that disrupt stereotypical embryonic cleavage patterns (such as cleavage rate, division axes or asymmetric division).
Embryos generate an excess number of hypodermal cells compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in any process that involves the maintenance, biosynthesis or accumulation of proteins in the organism compared to control.
Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the directed breakdown of a protein (via the destruction of its native, active configuration) compared to control.
Embryos fail to generate cells that exhibit pharyngeal specification.
Any variation in the progression of the posterior portion of the pharynx over time compared to control. In C. elegans the posterior region includes the isthmus and terminal bulb (second bulb).
Embryos fail to generate cells that give rise to the posterior portion of the pharynx. In C. elegans, the MS blastomere- derived pharyngeal cells constitute the posterior portion of the pharynx.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of Fluorouracil (5-FU) that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. In C. Elegans Fluorouracil induces germ cell death, inhibits embryogenesis and inhibits larval growth (depending on dose) in control animals.
Germ cell death fails in response to the concentration of 5-FU that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. In C. elegans, in addition to cell death, 5-FU exposed animals exhibit condensed germ cell nuclei or unhealthy nuclei.
germ cell death response to 5 FU resistant
Animals grow well during or after exposure to 5-FU under conditions where control animals are growth inhibited.
growth arrest response to 5 FU resistant
Any variation in the process by which the gonad anchor cell makes contact with vulval cells in order to create a uterine-vulval connection. In C. elegans, this includes the loss of the basement membranes between these cells and the crossing of the basolateral portion of the anchor cell through this gap.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to cadmium compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of cadmium that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to cadmium to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Animals respond to cadmium at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Any variation in the progression of the leader cell that guides and shapes the outgrowth of the gonad while crawling along the body wall to force the germline to extend into a long tubular shape over time from its formation to its mature structure compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the specialized region of connection between two cells compared to control.
Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the somatic gonad structure that connects the distal gonad arm to the uterus compared to control (Wormatlas).
The two morphologically bilaterally symmetric gustatory neurons ASE left (ASEL) and ASE right (ASER) fail to undergo a left/right asymmetric diversification in cell fate.
The two morphologically bilaterally symmetric olfactory neurons AWC left (AWCL) and AWC right (AWCR) fail to undergo a left/right asymmetric diversification in cell fate.
Any variation in the progression of the somatic gonad structure that connects the distal gonad arm to the uterus over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals.
Animals fail to respond to the levels of reactive oxygen species that elicit a response in control animals.
The frequency of sex chromosome segregation is perturbed, resulting in the production of exceptional gametes (e.g. ova or sperm) and populations with a sex ratio altered from the rate of 1:500 as observed for control populations.
Lower numbers of male progeny occur in the population compared to control populations. In C. elegans, the low incidence of males phenotype in a self-fertilizing hermaphrodite population is a result of an decrease in X chromosome nondisjunction.
Animals respond to iononizing radiation at a lower dose or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. Iononizing radiation has a wavelength in the 10 to 0.01 nanometer range. In C. elegans, increased sensitivity to X-ray irradiation is often observed as a decrease in survival upon exposure compared to control animals given the same treatment.
organism hypersensitive X ray irradiation
Animals respond to the chemical mutagen methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) a methanesulfonate ester and alkylating agent at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. In C. elegans, increased sensitivity to MMS can be observed as a decrease in egg hatch upon acute exposure or inhibition of growth after chronic exposure compared to control animals given the same treatment.
An increased number of oocytes are retained in the gonad without becoming endomitotic, compared to control.
Animals exhibit a variation in the ratio of synaptic vesicles per synapse of a neuron, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit an overall decrease in the quantity of synaptic vesicles at the synapse compared to control animals.
Animals display variations in the distribution of spherical membrane-bound fluid-filled organelles, compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the extension of the part of the axon that forms a bridge between body regions, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the processes that affect and monitor the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA, which allow the chromosome to persist from generation to generation, compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the sequence or organization of the components of the terminal region of its chromosome, (i.e. telomere, which serves to stabilize the chromosome) compared to control.
Males exhibit variations in the reproductive system, from its formation to the mature structure compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the structure or composition of any neuron within the class of sensory neurons responsible for relaying mechanical stimuli to the animal compared to control.
Animals display cuticle components displayed by animals of a different developmental stage, compared to control.
stage specific cuticle antigenicity abnormal
stage specific cuticle antigenicity variant
Animals produce cuticles that vary in components such as proteins or carbohydrates, observed in control animals of the same developmental stage and raised under the same conditions.
Neurons have more than one process extending from the cell body.
Vulval precursor cells forgo further cell division and fuse to the hypodermis instead of adopting their intended fate (becoming primary, secondary or tertiary vulval cells).
The alignment of the spindle relative to other cellular structures varies from that observed in control animals.
Organisms respond to UV at a higer dose or a longer exposure compared to control animals.
Variations that specifically disrupt sperm production in XX hermaphrodites. By contrast, spermatogenesis in XO males remains unaffected.
The rates of synaptic vesicle exocytosis and endocytosis vary from that observed in control animals.
The region opposite to the presynaptic region deviates in the structure, configuration or ratio of its components specific for receiving signals from the other side of the synapse compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process in the region, opposite to the presynaptic region, which is required for receiving signals from the other side of the synapse compared to control.
Cuticles of animals or cuticular extracts exhibit an altered pattern of antibody binding compared to Bristol N2 animals of the same developmental stage.
The electron dense, amorphous envelope that comprises the outermost layer of the cuticle varies in composition from that observed in control animals of the same developmental stage. The integrity of the surface coat is often revealed by an altered antigenicity or biochemical make up.
Cuticles or cuticular extracts do not bind antibodies that are observed to bind the surfaces or cuticular extracts of Bristol N2 animals of the same developmental stage.
Animals display surface antigens throughout all larval stages, unlike Bristol N2 worms, which display the antigens only during one larval stage.
Germ nuclei are misplaced in the gonad and are observed in the rachis. Sheath cells are observed protruding between these nuclei. Meiotic or mitotic specification of germ nuclei is not affected.
Animals are not induced to display surface antigens by exposure to pheromone as observed for Bristol N2 animals.
pheromone induced larval display abnormal
pheromone induced larval display defective
Males have alae that extend into the tail region. Alae are small linear ridges running along the lateral lines of the cuticle. In C. elegans alae do not extend into the tail region (Wormatlas).
Hermaphrodites continue to produce sperm past the time at which the transition to oogenesis normally occurs. Thus, germ cells that would normally become oocytes are transformed into sperm instead.
spermatogenesis to oogenesis switch abnormal
spermatogenesis to oogenesis switch defective
Animals exhibit variations in their catalytic ability the transfer glycolsyl groups from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor) often measured by a reduction in the amount of glycosylated products compared to that observed in control animals of the same developmental stage.
Animals exhibit variations in the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chondroitin sulfate compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan compared to control.
Specific body regions of an animal display variations in movement compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in movement in liquid from that observed for control animals.
Animals exhibit uncharacteristic muscle contractions during the process by which they travel from one location to another.
Animals exhibit variations in the directional changes that separate consecutive runs, from that observed for control animals. In C. elegans, these aberrations include variations in the form or extent of omega turns or reversals (shifts from forward to backward movements).
Any variation in the maximum ventral and dorsal flex of the animal compared to control animals.
Alae contain more cuticular ridges than control animals. In C. elegans alae are composed of three cuticular ridges.
The directed movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm is impaired.
The directed movement of substances out of the nucleus is impaired.
The directed movement of substances into the nucleus is impaired.
The directed movement of a protein from the nucleus into the cytoplasm is impaired.
Animals exhibit variations in light/dark cycle recurrence of reactions to stress conditions compared to that observed for control animals.
circadian variation in stress tolerance abnormal
Animals exhibit variations in light/dark cycle recurrence of reactions to osmotic stress compared to that observed for control animals.
rhythmic tolerance to osmotic stress abnormal
rhythmic tolerance to osmotic stress variant
Animals exhibit variations in actions or responses that occur with measurable periodicity, from that observed for control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the actions or reactions that recur with a periodicity associated with light/dark cycles, compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in locomotor activity during its light/dark cycle from that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in turning bouts, consisting of one or more sharp turning events separating consecutive runs, which serve to orient the animal within a gradient, compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the number of directional changes over time from that observed for control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the velocity of forward translocation of any point along the animal's track from that observed for control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the translocation of the mean position of the rear two-thirds (centroid position) of the animal over time, from that observed for control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the mean translocation of the points along the animal's track compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in any of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the presence of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and or the mitochondria, compared to control. One such response is the increase in expression of chaperones.
Spermatozoa do not crawl back into the spermatheca after being swept into the uterus by passing oocytes.
Animals exhibit variations in the extent of pathogen invasion into the pharynx compared to control. This is often measured as the percentage of animals exhibiting a pathogen-invaded pharynx within a given population.
Animals exhibit a greater extent of pathogen invasion into the pharynx compared to control.
Animals exhibit a lesser extent of pathogen invasion into the pharynx compared to control.
Animals respond to tunicamycin at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Cells exhibit variations in the response to osmotic stress compared to control. In C. elegans, exposure to stress-inducing osmotic conditions invokes cellular changes, including transcriptional up or down-regulation of genes.
cellular osmotic stress response variant
Animals vary in the distance between anterior and posterior ends of the animal from that observed in control animals.
Animals vary in the distance between dorsal and ventral sides when measured across the body at right angles to the length, from that observed in control animals.
Males differ from control animals in their ability to form copulatory plugs or their placement of these plugs. In C. elegans, males of the Hawaiian strain (CB4856) typically form mating plugs.
Males do not form copulatory mating plug.
Animals exhibit variations in the duration of the trajectory of the forward track in a thermal gradient compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in their response and ability to survive over a range of pH conditions compared to control.
Animals treated with pheromone do not exhibit a decrease in pumping rate similar to that observed for control animals.
Animals deprived of food do not exhibit a decrease in pumping rate similar to that observed for control animals.
food deprived suppression of pumping abnormal
Animals exhibit variations in the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction compared to control animals.
Failure to execute the characteristic response to acetate compared to control animals.
Animals are unable to locate the gradient peak of a water soluble compound, which was generated on a uniform concentration of another compound.
aqueous compound discrimination abnormal
aqueous compound discrimination defective
Failure to execute the characteristic response to ammonium compared to control animals.
Any variation in an organism's decline over time from its optimal fertility and viability compared to control animals.
Any variation in the preprogrammed process that occurs in an organism that is associated with the dismantling of an organ and an overall decline in metabolic function compared to control animals. This may include variations in the rate or extent of morphological disarray and of the breakdown or organelles, membranes and other cellular components.
Males exhibit spicule-muscle seizures leading to inappropriately timed protraction compared to control.
The endogenous anabolism of any lipid species has been increased compared to that observed in control animals.
Any variation in the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that contain the identical chromosome complement of their mother compared to control.
Any variation in the attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix compared to control.
Any variation in a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments compared to control.
Any perturbation in the belt-like region of very close contact between the plasma membranes of adjacent cells that results in the complete occlusion of the intercellular space.
Animals exhibit variations in the change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus compared to control.
The pharynx or pharyngeal muscle does not form a functional connection to the mouth or buccal cavity.
The toxic response to zinc occurs at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. In C. elegans hypersensitive animals exhibit delayed development or lethality at concentrations of zinc (e.g. ZnSO4), which has little or no effect on control worms.
Animals fail to exhibit toxicity to the concentration of zinc that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. In C. elegans toxic responses to zinc include delayed development or lethality.
Animals exhibit increased lethality as a result of exposure to environments with a higher solute concentration than their own internal environment, compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in vesicle-based directed movement of substances into, out of, or within a cell compared to control.
Animals exhibit intensified accumulation of fluids or fluorescent markers etc. within their coelomocytes compared to control animals.
Contents of endosomes fail to be transported to lysosomal compartments.
endosome to lysosome trafficking defective
Animals do not arrest mitotic germ cell division, as control animals, when treated with UV radiation.
UV induced mitotic germ cell arrest defective
Programmed cell death caused by UV radiation is reduced compared to control animals. In C. elegans, this is often measured in the pachytene region of the gonad.
Animals exhibit variations in any process that involves the maintenance, biosynthesis or accumulation of signalling peptides in the organism compared to control.
Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways involved in the formation and maturation of specialized peptidergic neurotransmitters encoded as preproproteins that are posttranslationally processed to yield bioactive neuropeptides compared to control (Wormatlas).
Variations in the biogenesis or stability of the 21U-RNA class of molecules compared to control. Molecules are classified as 21U-RNA based on the presence of a 5'U and a conserved upstream motif, which may specify the production of these molecules, in addition these molecules are typically 21nt in length.
Animals exhibit an increase in the rate of deletion events in mono-G or G-rich tracts within the genome compared to control.
Regulated ventral midline crossing by axons vary either in the frequency of crossing events or the maintenance through development of process positions compared to control.
Yolk is not taken up by oocytes in the same manner or to the same degree as observed for control animals. This often leads to an accumulation of yolk in the pseudocoelom.
Uptake of subtances from the intestine is altered from that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to carbon dioxide compared to control.
Variations in the characteristic movement away from specific CO2 levels compared to control. C. elegans avoids high levels of CO2.
Animals are more sensitive to the reduction of cholesterol in the environment compared to control animals.
Outgrowth of the commissure occurs on the side of the body different from that observed in control animals.
Variations in the quantity of circumferential axonal tracts from the number observed in control animals.
Animals fail to silence cytoplasmic-localized RNAs. Nuclear-localized RNAs may still be sensitive to RNAi.
Animals exhibit variations in their selective interactions with small interfering RNA molecules compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the length or amount of any endogenous small interfering RNA molecule populations compared to control.
Animals exhibit an increase in the levels of transposase mRNA, from endogenous transposons, over that measured in control animals.
Animals do not exhibit an increase in speed when placed in an environment that relies on a combination of swimming and crawling behaviors compared to control.
An epidermal enclosure defect that results in internal organs lying on the outside of the embryo.
Pre-treatment with stress-inducing temperatures does not result in a life-span extension as it does in control animals.
hormetic temperature induced life span extension defective
Variations in the biogenesis and stability of the small interfering class of RNA molecules compared to control. In C. elegans these molecules are antisense to mRNA's and may be processed from long double-stranded RNA.
Animals exhibit an increase in the levels of nuclear mRNA species compared to control.
Animals fail to silence nuclear-localized RNAs. Animals still retain sensitivity to RNAi for those RNAs located outside of the nucleus.
Variations in the biogenesis or stability of the microRNA class of molecules compared to control. In C. elegans these molecules are endogenous single-stranded regulatory molecules, 19-25 nucleotides long, with the potential to arise from hairpin, foldback, structures from their primary transcripts.
Variations in the behavioral plasticity induced by the integration of two sensory signals compared to control. In C. elegans animals exhibit enhancement of butanone chemotaxis by preexposure to butanone and food.
Animals are more susceptible than control animals to the effects of a nucleic acid damaging agent. This increased susceptibility is often measured by an increase in the rate of spontaneous mutations or an increased lethality.
Response to trace levels of oxygen is reduced or weakened compared to the response of control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the actions of a channel that catalyses the transmembrane transfer of a cation when acetylcholine has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts compared to control animals.
Animals are deficient in their recalled and repeated responses to stimuli they are exposed to during learning and memory paradigms.
Animals exhibit variations in the targeting, clustering and or maintenance of ion channels in distinct subcellular domains of the neuron compared to control animals.
neuronal ion channel clustering defective
Animals do not respond via directed movement to light stimuli in the same manner as control animals. In C. elegans, animals move away from light.
Animals survive longer than control animals after or during exposure to DNA damaging agents.
Life span of the animal is not influenced by changes in temperature in the same manner as control animals.
temperature influenced life span abnormal
temperature influenced life span variant
Cooling or warming evoked changes in membrane currents are not observed.
Animals exhibit variations in temperature dependent differences in the length of their defecation cycle. In C. elegans the length of the cycle is the same at different temperatures, showing temperature compensation.
defecation cycle temperature compensation abnormal
defecation cycle temperature compensation variant
Nuclei of specific cells are smaller compared to control animals.
The anterior body contraction and expulsion steps of the defecation cycle are absent; posterior body contractions are still present.
Discrete foci within the cytoplasm containing congregations of mRNA translational suppression and degradation mechanisms vary in their arrangement, clustering or are otherwise not well-defined compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in repeat lengths of microsatellite genomic sequences compared to control.
Animals exhibit increased sensitivity to interstrand cross-linking agents, such as HN2 (nitrogen mustard) and CDDP (cisplatin) compared to control. In C. elegans, increased sensitivity to these agents is often observed as a decrease in survival compared to control animals after exposure to the agent.
interstrand cross link agent hypersensitive
organism hypersensitive interstrand cross link agents
Germline nuclei do not progress through pachytene to diplotene.
The processes that inhibit the location or frequency of formation of synapses are downregulated resulting in the formation of synapses or synapse-like structures in areas of the neuron that are typically devoid of synapses in control animals.
The processes that inhibit the location or frequency of formation of synapses are upregulated compared to control.
inhibition of synaptogenesis hyperactive
Changes in the levels of innate immune gene products in response to pathogen exposure are significantly different from that observed in control animals.
pathogen induced antimicrobial gene expression variant
Animals fail to establish or maintain characteristics that delineate the dendrite from the axon. The exclusion of presynaptic components from the dendrite is one indication of axodendritic polarity.
Animals fail to relax their body wall muscles to the same extent as muscles in control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the formation or disassembly of membrane bound organelles that traffic material between the plasma membrane and internal compartments of the cell, compared to control.
Animals exhibit a decrease in the number of fat containing organelles compared to control. In C. elegans this number can be assayed by decreases in the number of Nile Red or BODIPY 493/503 staining bodies.
Inner membrane of mitochondria are disconnected and form vesicular bodies.
Any variation in the ability of a protein to resist disintegration via chemical or physical modifications compared to control.
Any variation in the process of generating multiple mRNA molecules from a given set of exons by differential use of exons from the primary transcript(s) to form multiple mature mRNAs that vary in their exon composition compared to control.
The degradation of genomic and or cellular material of the corpse does not occur at the same rate or under the same conditions as observed in control animals undergoing cell death.
The formation of mature intracellular compartments via membrane fusion is disrupted.
Animals exhibit variations in the partitioning of oocytes from each other compared to control animals.
Animals retain a significantly greater proportion of their fat upon serotonin treatment, compared to control.
serotonin induced fat reduction abnormal
During development of the embryo, the epidermis loses integrity and the contents of the embryo are expelled.
Animals exhibit defects in the stabilization of homologue pairing, which occurs through the initiation and formation of the synaptonemal complex, during meiosis.
Animals exhibit defects in the number or extent of connections between chromatids that occur during the process of genetic material exchange between homologous segments of non-sister chromatids.
Animals exhibit defects in the asymmetric diassembly of the synaptonemal complex during progression through meiosis.
Neuromuscular signaling between neurons and egg laying musculature varies from that observed for control animals.
The conditioned aversion to a specific chemical compound as a result of that compound being coupled with an unfavorable condition, such as starvation, does not increase to the same extent as observed for control animals.
starvation enhanced taste aversion defective
Activity of the neuron varies from that observed for control animals or neurons. In C. elegans neuron activity is often assayed by observing calcium spikes.
The number of pathogens associated with the animal vary from that associated with control animals.
Animals tend to accumulate at the thickest part of the bacterial lawn.
Animals do not accumulate at the thickest part of the bacterial lawn. Animals do not preferentially deplete bacterial food at the thicker parts of the lawn.
Animals produce pheromone but it does not undergo controlled release into the environment.
Any variation in the mechanism by which sperm find their correct target destinations (spermatheca).
Animals exhibit variations in any process necessary for the progression through prophase during meiosis compared to control animals.
Animals have very few or no germline nuclei and gonad arms that are very small or missing.
Variations in the regulated breakdown of RNA species via the action of cellular enzymes (RNases) compared to control.
Variations in any process that involves the maintenance, biosynthesis or accumulation of RNA in the organism compared to control.
Variations in the persistence of an RNAi induced phenotype compared to control.
Any variation that results in the premature differentiation of spermatids into motile spermatozoa compared to control.
Any variation in an animal's response to exposure to multiple stressors occuring simultaneously or during an overlapping temporal window compared to control.
Any variation in the formation of intestinal microvilli. Microvilli are actin-based cellular structures that form plasma membrane projections into the extracellular space and whose specialized shape provides increased cellular surface area. Microvilli are a crucial component of the terminal differentiation process for many epithelial cell types, usually ones that play an absorptive or filtering role.
Any variation that disrupts the assembly, distribution, localization or organization of any of the numerous similar discrete openings in the nuclear envelope, where the inner and outer nuclear membranes are joined.
Any variation in the directed movement of substances in a cell, from one side of a membrane to another, compared to control.
Variations in the processes regulating the excision of intervening introns from the primary mRNA transcript, compared to control.
Variations in the amount of energy consumed by an organism compared to control. Energy expenditure is often determined by assaying oxygen consumption.
Any variation in the overall structure or appearance of the protective barrier which isolates the embryo from the external environment, compared to control .
Life span of the animal is not influenced by changes in diet in the same manner as control animals.
Gene expression of an animal is not influenced by drug treatment in the same manner as control animals.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of phorbol esters that elicit a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. Phorbol esters such as PMA act as DAG mimetics.
Variations in the processes that restore integrity to a damaged tissue following an injury, compared to control.
Any variation in a series of molecular signals that help relay a receptor mediated signal within the cell, compared to control. Second messengers often comprise of ions (eg: Ca2+) or small molecules (cGMP, cAMP etc) that are formed or released into the cytosol.
second messenger mediated signaling variant
Any variation in the state or activity of an organism as a result of abrupt discontinuation or decreased dosage of a drug, compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in any process that involves the degradation, biosynthesis or accumulation of hormones within the organism compared to control. Hormones are naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affect the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.
Variations in the process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, compared to control.
fat granule regulated hydrolysis variant
regulation of lipid catabolic process variant
Variations in the covalent alteration of one or more components (eg: fatty acids, sterols etc.) in a lipid, resulting in a change in the properties of the lipid, compared to control.
Early phagosomes fail to undergo the maturation process following the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis; During maturation, phagosomes acquire markers of late endosomes and lysosomes.
Variations in the processes that facilitate/permit dauer entry when exposed to specific sterol molecules, compared to control.
Variations in the process by which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized, compared to control. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form or shape.
Variations in the regulation of levels, transport, and metabolism of zinc ions within an organism compared to control.
Programmed cell death of germ cells caused by exposure to ionizing energy does not occur to the same extent as it does in control animals.
radiation induced germ cell apoptosis variant
Animals exhibit variations in radiation induced non-apoptotic death of multipotential precursor cells or tissues (clonogens) compared to control. Elimination of clonogens results in normal tissue damage as well as solid-tumor eradication.
radiation induced reproductive cell death variant
Animals exhibit variations in their response to an agent that destroys or causes the expulsion of parasitic intestinal worms compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to the amino-acetonitrile derivatives (AADs) class of synthetic anthelmintics, compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to the microtubule-depolymerizing drug benomyl, compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of fluoride ions that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to fluoride ions to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to ivermectin, an agonist of glutamate-gated chloride channels, compared to that observed in control animals.
Gene expression of an animal is not influenced by the exposure to disease causing agents in the same manner as control animals.
pathogen induced gene expression variant
Animals fail to suppress head oscillations in response to anterior touch. In C. elegans, this behavior is a result of tyraminergic signaling.
suppression of head oscillations defective
Any variation in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA or RNA to form the complex that mediates dosage compensation on one or more X chromosomes, compared to control.
Dosage compensation complex assembly variant
Variations in the directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from recycling endosomes back to the plasma membrane where they are recycled for further rounds of transport, compared to control.
Gene expression of an animal is not influenced by environmental changes in the same manner as control animals.
environmental stimuli induced gene expression variant
Variations in the regulation of levels, transport, and metabolism of manganese ions within an organism compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to manganese compared to that observed in control animals.
Any variation in the processes that modulate the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore compared to control.
Variations in the process by which one or more ubiquitin moieties are added to a protein, compared to control.
Animals exhibit a reduction in pathogen accumulation, persistent colonization, and luminal distension of the intestine.
Early embryos exhibit defects in the assembly, disassembly, arrangement, elongation or stabilization of the microtubule spindle asters during a mitotic cell cycle.
mitotic spindle asters defective early emb
Cells undergoing meiosis exhibit defects in the overall function or activity of the meiotic spindle.
Cells undergoing meiosis exhibit defects in the positioning of the meiotic spindle.
Cells undergoing meiosis exhibit defects in the rotation of the meiotic spindle.
Life span of the animal is not influenced by drug exposure in the same manner as control animals.
Locomotion of the animal is not influenced by drug exposure in the same manner as control animals.
Early embryos exhibit defects in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the meiotic spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated and/or homologous chromosomes apart.
Any variation in the conjugation of the ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 to another protein compared to control.
Chromosomal masses fail to fully separate and remained linked during anaphase.
Any variation in the formation or disassembly of the cylindrical structures that are composed of groupings of microtubules found close to the nucleus (centrioles) compared to control. Centrioles are arranged perpendicularly and are surrounded by an amorphous mass of dense material (the pericentriolar material). The centrioles and the pericentriolar material constitute the compound structure known as the centrosome.
Any variation in the structure, form or composition of the membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated, compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the response to the addition of hydroxyurea compared to that observed in control animals. Hydroxyurea stops DNA from being replicated.
Animals respond to hydroxyurea at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the endoplasmic reticulum compared to control. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an irregular network of membranes, that occurs in the cytoplasm, and forms a complex meshwork of tubular channels. The ER has two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
endoplasmic reticulum morphology variant
Any variation in the normally asymmetric distribution of the endoplasmic reticulum during cell divisions of the early embryo. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an irregular network of membranes, that occurs in the cytoplasm, and forms a complex meshwork of tubular channels. The ER has two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
endoplasmic reticulum symmetry variant early emb
Any variation in the number of chromosomes in a cell compared to control.
Embryos exhibit defects in the formation of the groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate at the onset of cytokinesis.
cleavage furrow initiation defective early emb
Embryos exhibit defects in the maintenance or termination of the groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate during cytokinesis.
cleavage furrow termination defective early emb
Animals execute supernumerary cell divisions during the development of the lateral, alae-producing epithelial cells, resulting in a larger number of these cells than control animals.
Animals exhibit an increase in the number of fat containing organelles compared to control. In C. elegans this number can be assayed by increases in the number of BODIPY 493/503 staining.
Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the repeating units of a myofibrils in a muscle cell that are composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments, compared to control.
body wall muscle sarcomere morphology variant
Any variation in the attachment plaque for thin filaments onto the cell membrane. The dense body in body wall muscles is especially large, indenting far into the cytoplasm to border each sarcomere, thus providing a long row of coherent attachment sites at regular intervals (WormAtlas).
Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of a planar structure within the muscle sarcomere which lies midway within the thick filament (A) band, attaching to the plasma membrane at its base and running up towards the inward surface of the myofilament lattice, compared to control animals (Wormatlas).
Any variation in the levels of the polymerized form of glucose throughout the body of the animal as compared to controls.
Any reduction in the membrane potential (voltage gradient) across the inner mitochondrial membrane compared to control.
mitochondrial membrane potential reduced
Animals exhibit variations in the number of nuclei contained in a particular cell type compared to control.
Parental chromosomes fail to undergo appropriate mixing upon pronuclear fusion resulting in a zygotic nucleus in which parental genomes remain segregated.
Animals exhibit a decrease in the extent of activation of programmed cell death by exposure to the nucleic acid damaging agent, gamma irradiation, compared to control.
Variations in the state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus (electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light) compared to control.
Variations in the process by which sister chromatids, identical chromosomes resulting from DNA replication, are physically separated during the meiotic cell cycle, compared to control.
meiotic sister chromatid segregation variant
Animals exhibit variations in the amount of glutathione compared to control animals at a defined stage. Glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins.
Animals exhibit a decrease in the cellular levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), compared to control. Reduced levels of GSH may be an indication of susceptibility to oxidative stress.
Animals exhibit variations in the formation or disassembly of fat containing organelles compared to control.
Animals exhibit an increase in the size of fat containing organelles compared to control. In C. elegans this can be assayed by BODIPY 493/503 staining.
Animals exhibit variations in the formation, maturation or disassembly of the centrosome (a subcellular body consisting of two centrioles embedded in a protein matrix). The centrosome serves as a microtubule organizing center as well as a regulator of cell-cycle progression.
Animals fail to exhibit toxicity to the concentration of manganese that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. In C. elegans toxic responses to manganese include dopamine (DA) neuron neurodegeneration.
Animals lay fewer total number of eggs over the lifetime of the animal.
During epidermal morphogenesis, hypodermal cells do not properly undergo the characteristic cell shape changes necessary for the embryo to elongate.
Animals exhibit defects in the generation of the dorsal epithelial sheet, which entails distinct cell shape changes and movements to affect the interdigitation of two rows of dorsal cells resulting in a single row of cells across the dorsal midline.
The animal displays defects in any step of the ventral enclosure process resulting an embryo that is not enclosed and or with interior cells protruding out of the embryo.
OBSOLETE. Any variation in the prevention of mRNA translation that normally occurs in certain cells, compared to control.
obsolete translational repression variant
Animals exhibit variations in the assembly, arrangement, orientation, or disassembly of the kinetochore, a multisubunit protein complex on chromosomes where the spindle fibers attach during cell division to pull the chromosomes apart.
Animals do not regrow axons following axon loss or damage, to the same extent, or in the same manner as observed in control animals.
The number of coelomocytes are reduced compared to control animals. Coelomocytes are free-floating spherical cells lying in the pseudocoelomic cavity of animals that can endocytose many compounds.
The number of coelomocytes are increased compared to control animals. Coelomocytes are free-floating spherical cells lying in the pseudocoelomic cavity of animals that can endocytose many compounds.
Animals contain fewer pharyngeal cells compared to control animals. In C. elegans, pharyngeal cells are derived from MS-blastomere.
Any variation that results in the cellular expression of an mRNA in cells/tissues, that is otherwise not observed in control animals.
Pathogens internally associated with the animal exhibit an increase in survival compared to control animals.
Variations in the processes that incorporate acetyl groups to one or more amino acids within a protein, compared to control. An acetyl group is CH3CO-.
Animals respond to a specific chemical at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit larger inclusions within the intestinal cytoplasm, including birefringent crystalline objects and other dark-staining endosomes. In C. elegans these contents typically include glycogen granules (polysaccharide storage), rhabditin (carbohydrate storage), yolk granules (lipid and protein), and concentrated waste products (Wormatlas).
The growth of pharyngeal components occurs in a radial fashion around the longitudinal axis of the worm as demonstrated by bent radial contractile arrays within the pharyngeal muscle cells. The defect is more pronounced as development progresses resulting in a more obvious twisting phenotype. Depending on the allele, the twist can be right-handed or left-handed
Any variation in the creation of double-strand breaks that occur during meiosis that may result in the initiation of meiotic recombination.
meiotic DNA double strand break formation variant
Any variation in the directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in nerve cell axons.
The population of the lateral, alae-producing epithelial cells (seam cells) is reduced compared to control animals.
Oocytes are found one on top of the other in the dorsal to ventral orientation in the gonad.
Oocytes are no longer arranged in the gonad in the same manner as control animals.
Basal contraction rate and or peak contraction rate of the gonadal sheath is increased relative to control animals.
Animals produce an excess number of distal tip cells compared to controls.
Animals produce an excess number of gonad arms compared to controls.
The gonads of male animals do not produce the linker cell involved in guiding the developing male gonad to the sex organs in the male tail.
Animals extend altered or fewer numbers of dorsal and or ventral muscle arms compared to control animals.
The morphology or number of connections between muscle arms and commissural motor axons varies from control animals.
Animals exhibit ectopic plasma membrane extensions from muscle, these extensions are random projections that are thinner than the typical muscle arm.
The pattern of localization of presynaptic markers is disrupted compared to control animals.
synaptic vesicle tag abnormal in mechanosensory neurons
Any variation in the extension of vulval muscles compared to control. In C. elegans contralateral vulval muscles fail to meet at the midline.
Animals become paralyzed in response to aggregation of proteins like poly-glutamine or beta-amyloid.
Animals fail to respond to the aggregation of proteins that elicits a paralysis response in control animals.
resistant to protein aggregation induced paralysis
Animals respond to protein aggregation at a lower concentration of aggregates or in less time compared to control animals.
hypersensitive to protein aggregation induced paralysis
Any variation in the process of restoring DNA after damage. DNA damage can be caused by a many chemical or physical agents, and this damage is repaired by a variety of different DNA repair pathways.
Animals are not repelled by bitter tastants such as quinine, primaquine quinacrine etc., to the same extent as control animals.
Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the nucleus-free core of germ line cytoplasm in the gonad compared to control animals. In the C. elegans germline, nuclei exiting mitosis and entering meiosis are arranged along the cortex of the germline, partially enclosed by cellular membrane, forming a nucleus-free core of germline cytoplasm, called the rachis.
The nucleus-free core of germline cytoplasm in the gonad is not as wide as control animals.
The nucleus-free core of germline cytoplasm in the gonad is missing.
The width of the nucleus-free core of germline cytoplasm in the gonad is larger compared to control animals.
A decreased number of celullarized haploid female germ cells (oocytes) are present in the gonad compared to control.
The size of haploid female germ cells (oocytes) are significantly smaller compared to control.
Developing oocytes show defects in their entry, progression through or exit from the pachytene stage compared to control animals. Pachytene is a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the third stage of prophase I in meiosis, in which crossing over occurs between a chromatid in one partner and another chromatid in the homologous chromosome.
pachytene progression during oogenesis variant
Developing oocytes show defects in their entry, progression through or exit from the diplotene stage compared to control animals. Diplotene is a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the fourth stage of prophase I in meiosis, in which the homologous chromosomes begin to separate and the synaptonemal complex dissolves.
diplotene progression during oogenesis variant
Developing oocytes show defects in their entry, progression through or exit from the diakinesis stage compared to control animals. Diakinesis is a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the final stage of prophase I in meiosis; the transition to meiotic metaphase I.
diakinesis progression during oogenesis variant
Animals exhibit variations from control animals in the organization of the germ cell nuclei in the gonad that are in the diakinesis stage. In C. elegans the diakinesis region occurs in the proximal gonad arm and is preceded by the diplotene region. In the diakinesis region oocytes arrest until oocyte maturation occurs.
Animals exhibit variations from control animals in the organization of the germ cell nuclei in the gonad that are in the diplotene stage. In C. elegans the diplotene region follows the pachytene region and occurs just distal to, and coincident with, the loop in the gonad arm. In the diplotene region germ cell compartments become organized into a single file.
Animals exhibit variations from control animals in the organization of the germ cell nuclei in the pachytene stage region of the gonad. In C. elegans the pachytene region begins just proximal to the germline's transition zone, where germ cells coordinately switch into the leptotene/zygotene stage from the premeiosis stage (WormAtlas).
Variations in the directed movement/or positioning of a nucleus to a specific location within the germline compartment compared to control.
Nuclei have fallen out of developing germ cell compartments into the rachis.
The diplotene stage is not observed in developing oocytes. Diplotene is a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the fourth stage of prophase I in meiosis, in which the homologous chromosomes begin to separate and the synaptonemal complex dissolves.
Haploid female germ cells (oocytes) contain more than one nucleus.
Haploid female germ cells (oocytes) lack a nucleus.
A decrease in size of the specialized tissue of the reproductive tract that produces the male or female gametes compared to control (Wormatlas).
Animals contain a gonad that initially functioned, but subsequently stopped. In hermaphrodites or females there is often the presence old embryos and/or hatched larva, but no young embryos, in the uterus.
Pulling forces on the astral microtubules at the spindle poles vary from that observed for control spindles.
The spindle in the early embryo is aberrant in the characteristic posterior aster oscillations that occur along the transverse longitudinal axis of the spindle.
Animals continue to produce progeny significantly past the time reproduction stops in control animals.
Animals produce less distal tip cells compared to controls.
The association of homologs during diakinesis and the maintenance of their association through meiosis I as well as the preservation of centromeric cohesin between sister chromatids does not proceed as it does in control animals.
Animals exhibit differential regulation of the dopaminergic fate among the various classes of dopaminergic neurons.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the composition, component distribution, or other aspect of membranes of the cell, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the composition, component distribution, or other aspect of membranes of within the cell, compared to control animals.
Animals differ from control animals in the length of or mechanics of the steps that culminate in the preservation and subsequent disassembly of the synaptonemal complex, the specification of bivalent arms, and proper cohesion of sister chromatids.
meiotic chromatin reorganization variant
All somatic gonad precursor (SGP) daughters adopt a proximal fate resulting in an increase in the number of AC precursor cells at the expense of distal tip cells (DTC), which are thereby absent.
somatic gonad precursor symmetrical sisters
Any variation in the form or composition of the compartments in the germline of females/hermaphrodites compared to control animals. In C. elegans these compartments contain a nucleus and are connected to a common cytoplasm (rachis). These compartments eventually undergo cellularization and become oocytes.
germ cell compartment morphology variant
Germ cell compartments contain an an atypical number on nuclei compared to control.
germ cell compartment nuclei number variant
Germ cell compartments do not contain a nucleus.
Germ cell compartments contain multiple nuclei.
Any variation in germ cell compartment size compared to control.
Germ cell compartments are smaller than that of control animals.
Germ cell compartments are larger than that of control animals.
Any variation in the form or composition of the compartment partitions in the germline of females/hermaphrodites that exist when nuclei are still connected to a common cytoplasm (rachis), compared to control animals.
Animals lack germ cell partitions (germ cell compartments).
Animals contain small, fluid-filled, anucleate, spherical membrane-bound structures within the gonad.
Animals exhibit variations in the increase in size of compartments of the germline. In the C. elegans germline, syncytial compartments enlarge just prior to and coincident with the loop region, eventually abscising, to become fully enclosed germ cells (oocytes).
The compartments of the germline do not increase in size.
Variations in the process(es) involved in the assembly, transport, arrangement or disassembly of cell membrane structures or components compared to control.
cell membrane organization biogenesis variant
Variation of the time an individual spent on a patch of food (bacterial lawn) before leaving, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit axons with migration behaviors that differ from those observed in control animals after the axons cross a half-way point between opposing neural cords. In C. elegans this point is marked by the lateral seam cells between the ventral and dorsal cords.
Animals exhibit axons with migration behaviors that differ from those observed in control animals before the axons reach a half-way point between opposing neural cords. In C. elegans this point is marked by the lateral seam cells between the ventral and dorsal cords.
Animals undergo an irreversible high temperature-induced developmental arrest during the first larval stage.
Any variation in the measured levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity compared to control animals.
acetylcholinesterase class activity variant
Animals respond to a detergent at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Animals respond to hypoxic (low oxygen levels) stress after a shorter exposure time compared to control.
Animals fail to respond to low amounts of oxygen that elicit a response in control animals.
Response to low levels of oxygen is reduced or weakened compared to the response of control animals.
Animals exhibit an increase in the number of somatic sheath cells surrounding each gonad arm compared to controls.
Animals exhibit fewer somatic sheath cells surrounding each gonad arm, compared to controls.
Any variation in the establishment of left-right asymmetry of the body axis compared to controls.
Cells of the animals exhibit variations in the progression or exit from the biochemical and morphological processes that occur during successive replication or nuclear replication events from that observed for control animals.
Any variation in the cell cycle arrest process that results in arrest during G1 phase, whereupon the cell enters a specialized resting state known as G0 or quiescence before entering the S phase, compared to control.
The nucleus or nuclei are not positioned in a similar manner or pattern in the cell or syncytium to that observed in controls.
Animals respond more severely to laser ablation than control animals subjected to the same laser ablation conditions.
Animals behave differently from control animals in assays testing for the ability to resolve or respond to conflicting sensory inputs.
Animals that exhibit an increase in locomotion activity do not return to basal level locomotion activity at the same rate as that of control animals.
recovery from enhanced locomotion variant
The number of synapses per unit area of a neuron differs in the animal compared to that observed for control animals.
A cell or cell of the animal exhibits extra centrosomes (a subcellular body consisting of two centrioles embedded in a protein matrix) compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in steady-state levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) compared to control.
Animals exhibit defects in the flow rate or targeting of the cortical actomyosin network, which occurs during polarization as well as contraction of the contractile ring, compared to control animals.
The tension of the cytoskeleton comprised of the actomyosin network differs from controls. This tension can be measured by laser-cutting of the actomyosin cytoskeleton and observing any differences the recoil velocity of cortex adjacent to the cut site.
Compared to controls, embryos exhibit variations in the part meiosis I in which homologous chromosomes separate and migrate away from each other.
anaphase I progression variant early embryo
Embryos display cortical protusions during cytokinesis.
Animals exhibit variations in the non-enzymatic glycosylation process of attaching a protein or lipid to a sugar molecule, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations from controls in their protein degradation machinery, which functions through the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain.
The dynamics of the replacement of old proteins by newly synthesized or modified proteins varies from that of control animals. This phenotype is often measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP).
Animals exhibit a secondary vulval invagination that is anterior or posterior to the primary opening depending on the the inappropriate placement of daughter cells along the anterior/posterior axis during vulval development.
Any variation in the process of chromosome organization that is involved in meiosis, compared to control.
Chromosomes fails to pair with homologous chromosomes during the prophase stage of meiosis.
Any observed variation in the measurement of current across the cell membrane compared to measurements in control animals. Current is a flow of electric charge through a medium.
Any observed variation in the measurement of voltage across the cell membrane compared to measurements in control animals. Voltage is the difference in electric potential energy per unit charge between two points.
Failure to execute the characteristic response to biotin as defined by control animals. In C. elegans, biotin is typically an attractant.
Any variation in the ability of multipotent vulval precursor cells to respond to signals compared to control animals.
vulval precursor cell competence abnormal
vulval precursor cell competence variant
Seam cells fuse to form a continuous syncytium along the body wall at a later stage of development compared to control.
Adult animals display a smaller number of eggs inside the uterus compared to controls
Transmission of the signal along the neuron varies from control. This process includes the flow of information from the neuron cell body to the synapse and across to the postsynaptic cell.
Animals exhibit variations in the autonomously initiated periodic trains of calcium transients observed at the synapse, which are independent of presynaptic inputs.
Calcium transients at presynaptic regions do not occur.
Animals exhibit variations in the autonomously initiated periodic trains of calcium transients observed either at the cell body or the synaptic region, which are independent of presynaptic inputs.
Animals exhibit variations in the autonomously initiated periodic trains of calcium transients observed in cell bodies, which are independent of presynaptic inputs.
The diameter, volume, or area taken up by a cell differs from that measured in control animals.
Animals differ from control animals in response to mechanical stimulation targeting different parts of the same cell. In N2 wild-type animals, response to touch near the ALM cell body is reduced compared with touch of the cell area near the second pharyngeal bulb.
VPCs differentiate in the absence of inductive signals coming from the gonad.
Animals differ from controls in their electrical response to mechanical stimulus.
Variations in the regulation of levels, transport, and metabolism of metal ions within an organism compared to control.
Variations in the regulation of levels, transport, and metabolism of magnesium ions within an organism compared to control.
Exposure to carbohydrate binding gene products result in an altered action in comparison to controls.
Animals differ from controls in the range, specificity, or presence of targets for exogenously applied lectins.
Animals contain targets for exogenously applied lectins.
Animals are not observed to contain targets for exogenously applied lectins.
Exposure to lectin has no affect on the behavior, growth, or development of the animal compared to controls.
Exposure to lectin results in altered behavior, growth, or development of the animal compared to controls.
The appearance and association of components along the double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus differs from controls. The NE separates nuclear contents from the rest of the cytoplasm and includes the intermembrane space, perinuclear space.
Proteins show defects in their localization in the cilia compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variation in the directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell periphery in nerve cell axons to the cell body, compared to control.
Chromosomes are not segregated symmetrically during mitosis.
Animals exhibit variation in timing or ability to molt.
Molting cycles do not occur in a temporally controlled manner and cannot be synchronized across a population.
The number of cross progeny produced by hermaphrodites is reduced compared to control hermaphrodites.
Hermaphrodites do not produce cross progeny.
hermaphrodite mating efficiency eliminated
Animals exhibit fewer cell corpses compared to controls at the same developmental life stage.
Variations in the regulation of levels, transport, and metabolism of iron within an organism compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to muscimol compared to that observed in control animals. Muscimol is a GABA-A receptor agonist.
Animals survive longer, or do not respond to the same degree as control animals under similar conditions of abamectin exposure.
Animals are not affected to the same degree as control animals under similar conditions of abamectin exposure.
Animals are do not survive, or become paralyzed in the presence of abamectin.
The production or regulation of ascaroside molecule populations differs from that of control animals.
Animals lack the ability to produce ascarosides that are capable of being produced in control animals.
Animals fail to respond to or exhibit an attenuated response to ivermectin under conditions that elicits a response in control animals.
Animals exhibit an exaggerated response to magnesium compared to control animals exposed to similar concentrations.
Animals do not exhibit light-induced currrents to the same extent or with the same quality as control animals.
Any variation in the specific actions or reactions of an organism causing an alteration in the ingestion of food compared to control animals. In C. elegans the main food source is bacteria and alterations in eating behavior usually lead to malnutrition.
Animals respond to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins (Bt toxins) at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Bacillus thuringiensis toxin hypersensitive
Animals are not affected to the same degree as control animals under similar conditions of pore forming toxin exposure.
Animals respond to pore forming toxins at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. Increased susceptibility to pore forming toxins (e.g. Cry5B from Bacillus thuringiensis) is often measured by a decrease in the rate of survival in the presence of pore forming toxins compared to controls.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of pore forming toxins that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
Any variation in the progressive decompaction of chromatin that changes chromosome structure from the condensed form to a relaxed disperse form.
The process of decompaction of chromatin that changes chromosome structure from the condensed form to a relaxed disperse form is abolished.
Animals differ from controls in the expression of genes targeted for silencing (gene inactivation) in subsequent generations via transcriptional or post-transcriptional processes.
Animals express genes that had been targeted for heritable silencing in previous generations.
Animals display variations in the manner in which the basement membrane (a thin, dense, sheet-like structure built on a network of polymeric laminin and type IV collagen) is remodeled, compared to control animals.
Animals display variations in the manner in which an opening in the basement membrane (a thin, dense, sheet-like structure built on a network of polymeric laminin and type IV collagen) expands to make way for intertissue connections, compared to control animals.
Animals differ from control animals in cortical actomyocin dynamics leading to internalization of endodermal precursor cells during gastrulation.
There is significantly less difference between the number of astral microtubles or other component(s) of the spindle microtuble organizing center at the anterior versus posterior poles of the spindle, than observed in control animals.
Axons in animals do not end in the same manner as they do in control animals. Some defects described include an overextension of the axon or termination of the axon in the shape of a hook, either large or small.
Animals do not mimic control animals in their egg-laying response to muscimol exposure. In C. elegans, muscimol inhibits egg-laying.
The length of the animal does not increase to the same extent as observed for control animals, in response to exposure to muscimol.
body lengthening response to muscimol variant
Animals exhibit variations in any process that involves the maintenance, biosynthesis or accumulation of an internal store of carbohydrates within the organism or cell compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the regulation of levels, transport, and metabolism of cations within a cell or between a cell and its external environment, compared to control.
Animals vary in the directed or coordinated movement of their centrosomes during cell division, compared to the pattern of movement observed in control animals.
Embryos exhibit variations in the processes that lead to the construction of the eggshell, a protective structure that minimizes water loss whilst allowing gas exchanges essential for embryonic respiration, compared to controls
The process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules contained within a specialized secretory vesicle that fuses with the plasma membrane during egg activation.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of a dopamine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
The pattern or state of methyl modifications of histone varies from that of controls.
The animal's ability to reproduce, or start of reproduction occurs later than that observed for control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the degree to which or manner in which an intestinal cell is able to uptake peptides (for example, di- or tripeptides) from the intestinal lumen, compared to control animals.
peptide uptake by intestinal cell variant
Animals exhibit an increase in the degree to which an intestinal cell is able to uptake peptides (for example, di- or tripeptides) from the intestinal lumen, compared to control animals.
peptide uptake by intestinal cell increased
Animals exhibit a decrease in the degree to which an intestinal cell is able to uptake peptides (for example, di- or tripeptides) from the intestinal lumen, compared to control animals.
peptide uptake by intestinal cell decreased
The frequency and distribution of crossover events differs from that observed for controls.
Animals differ from controls in respect to the frequency of expected double crossover events observed.
The number of crossover events differs from that of observed in control animals.
The location-specific frequency of crossover events differs from that of observed in control animals, while the total number of crossover events does not significantly differ.
Animals respond to hydrogen sulfide at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Animals respond to dauer pheromone at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Any variation in the form or composition of the basic structural and functional components of cells compared to control. Includes the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, endosomes, lysosomes, and peroxisomes as well as other vesicles and organelles.
Any variation in the form or composition of membrane bound organelles, known as endosomes, that traffic material between the plasma membrane and internal compartments of the cell, compared to control.
Any variation in the form or composition of membrane bound organelles, known as late endosomes, that traffic material from early endosomes to internal compartments of the cell, such as lysosomes or the Golgi apparatus, compared to control.
Any variation in the form or composition of membrane bound organelles, known as early endosomes, that traffic material from endocytic vesicles (having recently internalized portions of the cell's plasma membrane) to internal compartments of the cell, such as recycling endosomes, late endosomes, or the Golgi apparatus, compared to control.
Any variation in the form or composition of membrane bound organelles, known as recycling endosomes, that traffic material from early endosomes back to the plasma membrane of the cell, thereby recycling recently endocytosed material to be reused at the plasma membrane.
Any variation in the form or composition of membrane bound organelles, known as recycling endosomes, positive for the RAB protein RAB-11, that traffic material from early endosomes back to the plasma membrane of the cell, thereby recycling recently endocytosed material to be reused at the plasma membrane.
RAB-11 recycling endosome morphology variant
Any variation in the form or composition of membrane bound organelles, known as lysosome-related organelles (LROs) that, like lysosomes, have an acidic interior and generally act to digest components of the cell but are distinct in function, composition, and morphology, compared to control.
lysosome-related organelle morphology variant
Any variation in the form or composition of membrane bound organelles, known as the Golgi apparatus, that traffic material from the endoplasmic reticulum or various endosomes, and process proteins for secretion, compared to control.
Any variation in the form or composition of membrane bound organelles, known as lysosomes, that have an acidic interior and generally act to digest components of the cell, compared to control.
Any variation in the subcellular localization of the basic structural and functional components of cells compared to control. Includes the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, endosomes, lysosomes, and peroxisomes as well as other vesicles and organelles.
Any variation in the subcellular localization of membrane bound organelles, known as lysosome-related organelles (LROs) that, like lysosomes, have an acidic interior and generally act to digest components of the cell but are distinct in function, composition, and morphology, compared to control.
lysosome-related organelle localization variant
Any variation in the subcellular localization of membrane bound organelles, known as endosomes, that traffic material between the plasma membrane and internal compartments of the cell, compared to control.
Any variation in the subcellular localization of the endoplasmic reticulum compared to control. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an irregular network of membranes, that exists in the cytoplasm, and forms a complex meshwork of tubular channels. The ER has two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
endoplasmic reticulum localization variant
Any variation in the subcellular localization of membrane bound organelles, known as the Golgi apparatus, that traffic material from the endoplasmic reticulum or various endosomes, and process proteins for secretion, compared to control.
Any variation in the subcellular localization of membrane bound organelles, known as lysosomes, that have an acidic interior and generally act to digest components of the cell, compared to control.
Any variation in the subcellular localization of membrane bound organelles, known as recycling endosomes, that traffic material from early endosomes back to the plasma membrane of the cell, thereby recycling recently endocytosed material to be reused at the plasma membrane.
Any variation in the subcellular localization of membrane bound organelles, known as late endosomes, that traffic material from early endosomes to internal compartments of the cell, such as lysosomes or the Golgi apparatus, compared to control.
Any variation in the subcellular localization of membrane bound organelles, known as early endosomes, that traffic material from endocytic vesicles (having recently internalized portions of the cell's plasma membrane) to internal compartments of the cell, such as recycling endosomes, late endosomes, or the Golgi apparatus, compared to control.
Any variation in the subcellular localization of membrane bound organelles, known as recycling endosomes, positive for the RAB protein RAB-11, that traffic material from early endosomes back to the plasma membrane of the cell, thereby recycling recently endocytosed material to be reused at the plasma membrane.
RAB-11 recycling endosome localization variant
Any variation in the form or composition of specialized cell types, compared to control. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.
Animals are affected by exposure to the drug.
Any variation in the form or composition of membrane bound organelles, known as recycling endosomes, positive for the endocytosis protein RME-1, that traffic material from early endosomes back to the plasma membrane of the cell, thereby recycling recently endocytosed material to be reused at the plasma membrane.
RME-1 recycling endosome morphology variant
Any variation in the subcellular localization of membrane bound organelles, known as recycling endosomes, positive for the endocytosis protein RME-1, that traffic material from early endosomes back to the plasma membrane of the cell, thereby recycling recently endocytosed material to be reused at the plasma membrane.
RME-1 recycling endosome localization variant
Animals are unable to maintain paired chromosome throughout pachytene.
Animals differ from controls in respect to the formation of paired chromosome loci.
Animals become paralyzed after a measured amount of time swimming. In C. elegans, more then 80 percent of wild-type animals continue swimming vigorously in liquid even after 30 minutes.
Animals do not avoid, and perhaps seek, environments that result in their death. In the case of C. elegans, this behavior is exemplified by animals that tend to crawl off the plate.
Animals are barely alive, but not entirely dead.
Animals exhibit constrictions in the anterior portion of the head that result in decapitation.
Populations exhibit variations in the ability to survive, grow and reproduce, thus affecting the contribution to the gene pool over generations compared to control populations. In C. elegans the fitness of a population can by assessed by measuring the rate at which E. coli is consumed.
The process of generating multiple mRNA molecules from differential use of exons in a primary transcript(s) does not occur or occurs with outcomes not observed in control animals.
Any variation in the process of restoring mitochondrial DNA after damage.
The presence of a mixture of more than one type of an organellar genome (mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or plastid DNA) within a cell or individual.
Mitochondria from spermatazoa persist in the developing embryo and animal as a result of bypassing the degradation mechanism that normally destroys paternal mitochondria immediately after fertilization. This can often lead to a form of heteroplasmy.
The pattern or state of acetylation modifications of histones varies from that of controls.
The distribution or presence of actin in circumferential actin bundles (CFB) differs from that observed in control animals. Contraction of CFBs provide the driving force for epidermal elongation.
circumferential actin bundles disorganized
Animals do not grow fast or the quality of growth is decreased when exposed to a specific chemical compound when compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit a decrease in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that fluoresce in the intestine.
Animals exhibit variation rate of directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in nerve cell axons, compared to control.
intraflagellar transport velocity variant
Males remain on food in the absence of mates, a defect in male mate-searching behavior observed in control males.
Relative levels of mtDNA differ from that observed for control animals.
Males exhibit variations of the behaviors observed in control animals that follow the completion of mating.
Animals display variations in the structure or organization of the components of the muscle, compared to that observed in control animals.
The formation, organization, or stability of a protein complex is altered in comparison to corresponding complexes in control animals.
The bulk flow of cytoplasm in the egg, that facilitates mixing of ooplasm, occurs at a reduced rate compared to that measured for controls.
Animals are less successful than controls in evading predators during predator-prey interactions.
Predator-prey interactions differ from that observed in control interactions.
Animals are missing the anchor cell. In C. elegans the anchor cell is a key organizer of vulval patterning and morphogenesis.
The rate of the process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein is reduced. This process includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA. Increase in free ribosomes (monosomes) are indicative of reduced translation initiation.
Animals are altered in their capacity to survive a normally lethal temperature treatment as a consequence of pretreatment at an elevated but sublethal temperature.
Any variation in the morphological appearance of the linker cell compared to control animals.
Males do not respond to small molecules or compounds that have been shown to attract control males. This phenotype is often measured by an increase in reversal frequency or time spent in a specified scoring region
Variations in the process of gaseous oxygen intake between an organism and its environment compared to control animals.
The activity, composition, or organization of the complexes of the electron transport chain, embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane, differ from controls.
mitochondrial electron transport chain variant
The part of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the oxidation of succinate and connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain, differs in activity, composition, or organization, from that of controls.
mitochondrial respiratory complex II variant
The protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that is the first entry point for electrons into the electron transport chain and catalyzes proton translocation coupled to the oxidation of NADH by ubiquinone, differs in activity, composition, or organization from that of controls.
mitochondrial respiratory complex I variant
Animals are unable to produce or maintain short interfering RNA (siRNA) from double stranded RNA (dsRNA). siRNAs are required to initiate interference of gene expression.
Animals exhibit variations from controls in the expression, biogenesis, processing, or stability of any class of small RNA species in the germline. Small RNAs include microRNAs (miRNAs), tiny noncoding RNAs (tncRNAs), cluster of small X-chromosome derived RNAs (X cluster), and endogenous short interfering RNA (endo-siRNAs).
Animals exhibit variations from controls in the expression, biogenesis, processing, or stability of any class of small RNA species in somatic cells. Small RNAs include microRNAs (miRNAs), tiny noncoding RNAs (tncRNAs), cluster of small X-chromosome derived RNAs (X cluster), and endogenous short interfering RNA (endo-siRNAs).
Animals show reduced susceptibility to gene silencing in somatic cells triggered by double stranded RNA (dsRNA), compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations from controls in the expression, biogenesis, processing, or stability of the small X-chromosome derived RNAs (X cluster) species of small RNA.
RNAi silencing mechanisms triggered by exogenously introduced (foreign) dsRNA, do not work to the same degree as in control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the extent to which polyadenylated mRNA transcripts become deadenylated
Programmed cell death of germ cells caused by exposure to physical or chemical DNA-damaging agents does not occur to the same extent as it does in control animals.
The production of silencing RNA from dsRNA is significantly deficient compared to controls. Deficiencies in this process can result in a defective RNAi response compared to controls.
The extent of mRNA ribosome associations varies from controls.
The production of mature miRNA from pre-miRNA is significantly deficient compared to controls. Deficiencies in this process can result in the accumulation of pre-miRNA species and or the absence or smaller amount of mature miRNA compared to controls.
Wild-type animals will exhibit an altered temperature preference based on food/temperature conditioning. Temperature learning variants do not exhibit altered responses to temperature after conditioning compared to control animals.
The extent of translational repression varies from controls.
The selective elimination of P granule components and subsequent aggregation of degraded components into PGL granules is disrupted.
Animals exhibit an increase in pathogen accumulation, persistent colonization, and luminal distension of the intestine.
The intracellular complex of proteins that participates in bidirectional transport of molecules (cargo) along axonemal microtubules is not made up of or does not maintain the proper number or ratio of components as found in control animals.
intraflagellar transport complex destabilized
Animals exhibit variations from controls in the organization of chromatin, including in relation to associated complexes, that occur during the mitotic cell division cycle.
Cells exhibit mitotic spindles with more than two poles.
Animals exhibit a decreased rate of oxygen utilization compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in their defense responses that are mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
The extent or other quality of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) induced by in vitro stimuli differs from that of controls.
The difference in electrical potential between the interior and the exterior of the muscle cell either in the resting state or during evoked stimulation differs from controls.
The amount of histone methylation, for example as measured by the amount of H3K4me2, increases over successive generations
generational accumulation of histone methylation
progressive accumulation of histone methylation
transgenerational epigenetic accumulation of histone methylation
transgenerational accumulation of histone methylation
Animals exhibit a decline in fertility over generations. This is often assessed by counting laid eggs over successive generations.
transgenerational epigenetic loss of fertility
Animals stop producing progeny significantly before the time reproduction stops in control animals.
Any variation in the series of molecular signals in which a cell or tissue uses calcium ions to convert a signal into a response, compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the characteristic movement towards typically attractive alkaline pH (pH higher than 7) compared to control. However animals tend to avoid very high pH levels (pH11). pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. In C. elegans animals chemotax toward higher alkaline pH.
Infected animals exhibit variations in the process of releasing pathogens back into the environment, compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the number of cells that make up the organism compared to control animals.
The number of cells in the organism is reduced compared to control animals.
The number of cells in the organism is increased compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the structure, organization or placement of the population of the lateral, alae-producing epithelial cells (seam cells), compared to that observed in control animals.
Any variation in the components that make up the semipermeable bilayer surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment compared to control.
Any variation in the components that make up either of the two leaflets of the semipermeable bilayer surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment compared to control.
plasma membrane leaflet composition variant
Animals do not arrest mitotic germ cell division, as control animals, when treated with X-ray radiation.
X ray induced mitotic germ cell arrest defective
Animals exhibit variations in the process by which cells having undergone programmed cell death are shed or extruded into the extracellular environment.
Animals produce an excess number of excretory cells compared to controls.
Animals exhibit variations in endogenous levels of reactive oxygen species (chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen) compared to that observed in control animals.
reactive oxygen species homeostasis variant
Animals exhibit variations in levels of DNA damage caused by oxidative stress.
Any variation in the amount of cells undergoing apoptosis in organism as a result of deprivation of nourishment, compared to control. In C. elegans, starvation normally causes increased apoptosis.
Animals develop endodermal cells/tissue from precursor cells that do not normally produce endodermal cells/tissue.
Animals develop pharyngeal muscles from precursor cells that do not normally produce pharyngeal muscles.
cell fate transformation to pharyngeal muscle
Animals develop body wall muscle from precursor cells that do not normally produce body wall muscle.
cell fate transformation to body wall muscle
Any variation in the progression of the components of the male gonad that are separate from the germline proper over time, from its formation to its mature structure compared to control. In C. elegans, the male somatic gonad consists of three tissues: distal tip cells (DTCs), the seminal vesicle, and the vas deferens (Wormatlas).
Animals produce an excess number of linker cells compared to controls.
The population of hypodermal cells is reduced compared to control animals.
Animals produce a reduced number of sex myoblasts compared to controls.
Animals produce an excess number of sex myoblasts compared to controls.
The orientation of the progeny of P7.p mimic those of P5.p and face towards the posterior of the worm, a phenotype referred to as posterior-reversed vulval lineage (P-Rvl).
Animals do not differ in size when grown on different food sources to the same extent as that measured for control animals. For example, in C. elegans, wild type worms are 1.65 times larger when grown on HB101 compared to those grown on OP50.
Animals exhibit variations in growth rate or the outcome of growth in response to food compared to control. In C. elegans, animals exhibit an increase or decrease in growth rate depending on the type of bacteria they are fed.
The driving force of the outward flow of ions does not exceed the inward flow for the opposite driving force or is otherwise altered when compared to that measured for control animals.
Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded is altered from that observed for controls.
The proper localization and assembly of components at the junction of a neuron with a muscle cell varies from that observed in control animals.
neuromuscular junction organization variant
The degree of stimulus-evoked calcium concentration changes differs from that of controls.
Variations in the progression of the muscles of the adult hermaphrodite oviduct over time from their initial formation to their mature structure compared to control.
Dying animals cells exhibit defects in the fragmentation of chromosomal DNA into oligonucleosomal-length fragments compared to control animals. This process can be monitored by the quantity and quality of TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling)-positive nuclei.
Embryos exhibit defects in the extension of pharyngeal cells toward the buccal opening during embryogenesis compared to controls.
Corpses resulting from programmed cell death appear different in size or shape from those of corpses in control animals.
Animals exhibit defects in the muscle contractions of the anterior region of corpus, the area responsible for allowing food to enter the corpus.
Animals exhibit negative effects on growth, development, or metabolism when exposed to a galactose-rich diet, compared to control animals.
Animals process dietary galactose differently than control animals, these differences can result in increased and or decreased levels of intermediary galactose metabolites.
Animals are missing one or both gonad arms, the normally U-shaped projections of the gonad that extend into the anterior or posterior of the animal and bends back towards the center of the animal.
The expression of a protein, as determined by antibody staining, varied from controls with respect to timing such that the protein was observed to be expressed at earlier timepoints or later timepoints than controls.
Any variation in the development of the structure that lies on the ventral surface just anterior and central to the base of the spicule openings (small lump on the gubernaculum of the male tail) and contains a sensory structure called the hook sensillum, compared to control. In C. elegans the hook is necessary for proper male mating.
Animals exhibit an extra number of the finger-like sensory sensilla that project from the tail and embed in the male fan.
Animals exhibit defects in dye-filling of the neuronal cells of the phasmid sensilla. In C. elegans, these neurons are commonly assayed by dye-filling with FITC, DiI or DiO.
Animals exhibit defects in dye-filling of the neuronal cells of the amphid sensilla. In C. elegans, these neurons are commonly assayed by dye-filling with FITC, DiI or DiO.
Any variation that results in a decrease in the catalytic phosphorylation activity of a kinase enzyme compared to control. Catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein (can include an RNA component). Kinases are enzymes capable of phosphorylating their respective substrates.
Animals contain an excess number of pharyngeal muscle cells compared to control. In C. elegans, pharyngeal cells are derived from MS-blastomere. The overproduction of pharyngeal tissues is a result of other blastomeres adopting an MS-like fate.
Any variation that results in a fewer than control number of body wall muscle cells.
Any variation in the cellular or subcellular distribution of a gene product, as detected by antibody staining, compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals respond to antimony at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Animals respond to arsenite at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Animals respond to fluoranthene at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Animals respond to antimonite at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
The pharynx contains cavities, possibly indicative of inappropriate cell death.
The uterus contains cavities, possibly indicative of inappropriate cell death.
Animals respond at a faster rate or to lower concentrations of manganese that that observed for control animals.
Animals respond to mercury at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Animals respond to lead at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Animals respond to cobalt at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to lead compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to aluminum compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to chromium compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibited higher amounts of internal metal concentrations compared to control animals.
Oxidative stress induced by manganese differs from that of control worms.
manganese induced oxidative stress response
The polarity reversal process by which synaptic components are removed from one side of the synapse and then reformed on the opposite cell does not occur or occurs in a different manner than in controls. In C. elegans, at the end of the L1 stage, the DD neurons undergo a complete polarity reversal such that the ventral synapses disappear and new synapses are formed on opposing dorsal body muscles.
The swimming behavior of animals are influenced or modulate by the osmolarity of the swimming buffer. The swimming of wild-type C. elegans animals are not affected by the osmolarity of the swimming liquid.
Animals contain excess acidified intracellular compartments. These compartments are positive for indicators such as Acridine Orange as well as LysoTracker Red, in a lysosome-like manner.
Animals are unable to grow on media depleted of phosphate.
The degradation of endocytosed and intracellular material does not occur to the same extent as it does in control animals.
endo lysosomal degradation pathway defective
Animals exhibit disruptions in tubular or tubulo-vesicular structures that function in endocytic transport from early to recycling endosomes.
ERC organization and biogenesis defective
endocytic recycling compartment organization and biogenesis defective
Animals exhibit increased endogenous levels of reactive oxygen species (chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen) compared to that observed in control animals.
increased levels of reactive oxygen species
Animals exhibit reduced endogenous levels of reactive oxygen species (chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen) compared to that observed in control animals.
reduced levels of reactive oxygen species
Any variation in the morphology of the different inclusions within the intestinal cytoplasm, including birefringent crystalline objects and other dark-staining endosomes compared to control. In C. elegans these contents might include glycogen granules (polysaccharide storage), rhabditin (carbohydrate storage), yolk granules (lipid and protein), and concentrated waste products (Wormatlas).
Animals consume less food than control animals
Animals exhibit detrimental responses to iron deficiency more readily than control animals.
Animals do not produce the same amount of functional phytochelatins as measured in control worms. Phytochelatins are any of a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.
Animals respond to arsenic at a lower concentration or at a shorter exposure time compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit reduced levels of endogenous zinc compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit increased levels of endogenous zinc compared to control animals.
Variations in the regulation of levels, transport, and metabolism of copper ions within an organism compared to control.
Animals exhibit detrimental responses to zinc deficiency more readily than control animals
Protein oxidation levels, as measured by carbonylated protein levels for example, are reduced compared to controls.
Animals respond to silver at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Animals respond to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Animals are more prone to infection by virus compared to control animals.
increased susceptibility to viral infection
Animals exhibit lowered levels of any or all of the clades of 22G RNA molecules, compared to control.
Three-prime (3') uridylation of mRNA targeted for silencing does not occur at the same rate or extent of targeted mRNA in control animals.
three prime target RNA uridylation reduced
Animals exhibit variations in any process that involves the maintenance, biosynthesis or accumulation of amino acids within the organism or cell compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to selenium compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals respond to iron at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
Animals fail to exhibit toxicity to the concentration of nickel that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. In C. elegans toxic responses to nickel include delayed development or lethality.
The number of terminal regions of a neuron's dendrite is less that that observed for control animals.
Ooctyes and or sperm appear vacuolated and degenerated compared to gametes in control animals. This degeneration is not due to normal programmed cell death.
An effective connection between reciprocal target neurons is not established properly.
Animals display variations in the distribution of the constituents of the postsynaptic side of the active zone, compared to control animals, that are required for receiving signals from the presynaptic side.
postsynaptic component localization variant
Any increase in the membrane potential (voltage gradient) across the inner mitochondrial membrane compared to control.
mitochondrial membrane potential increased
Animals exhibit an increase in the cellular levels of Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP), compared to control. ATP is a nucleotide that plays a versatile role in cell biology.
Variations in the processes that are carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of membrane bound organelles, known as lysosome-related organelles (LROs) that, like lysosomes, have an acidic interior and generally act to digest components of the cell but are distinct in function, composition, and morphology, compared to control.
lysosome-related organelle biogenesis variant
Animals exhibit variations in the overall amount of mitochondria present in the animal, as determined by, for example, Mitotracker staining.
Animals exhibit increases in the overall amount of mitochondria present in the animal, as determined by, for example, Mitotracker staining.
Animals exhibit decreases in the overall amount of mitochondria present in the animal, as determined by, for example, Mitotracker staining.
Animals exhibit an increased rate of oxygen utilization compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit a decrease in the quantity of metabolites, small molecule products or intermediates required for the metabolic functioning of the cell or organism
Animals exhibit variations in the rate at which food is absorbed by the intestine, as determined by a time-course recording of fat staining (by C1-BODIPY-C12, for example) normalized to controls
Animals exhibit variations in the covalent modification of one or more native amino acid side chains in proteins to carbonyl derivatives such as an aldehyde or ketone.
Animals exhibit enhanced negative effects on growth, health, development or metabolism, in response to dietary sugar-rich diets, compared to controls.
Males receive copulatory plugs from other males, deposited elsewhere on their bodies, in the absence of any orifice. This typically involves penetration of the depositing male's spicules directly through the cuticle of the recipient male.
Males receive copulatory plugs from other males, deposited on their excretory pores. This phenotype is polymorphic among C. elegans strains and also in C. briggsae.
The life span of dauer-staged animals is shorter than that observed in control dauer animals.
The life span of dauer-staged animals is longer than that observed in control dauer animals.
Animals do not develop acute functional tolerance to alcohol after a short exposure, unlike that observed in control animals
acute functional tolerance to alcohol defective
Animals exhibit a decrease in the size of fat containing organelles compared to control. In C. elegans this can be assayed by BODIPY 493/503 staining.
Animals exhibit resistance to osmotic stress compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit hypersensitivty to osmotic stress compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit increased levels of the process by which their cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm, compared to control.
Animals exhibit reduced levels of the process by which their cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm, compared to control.
Any variation in the extent of the maximum flex of the most anterior portion of the animal compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit a decrease in the extent of the maximum flex of the most anterior portion of the animal compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit an increase in the extent of the maximum flex of the most anterior portion of the animal compared to control animals.
The most posterior portion of the animal exhibits variations in its movement compared to control.
Any variation in the extent of the maximum flex of the most posterior portion of the animal compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit an increase in the extent of the maximum flex of the most posterior portion of the animal compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit a decrease in the extent of the maximum flex of the most posterior portion of the animal compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in body posture with regard to the extent of displacement measured from the mean position to an extreme position compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in body posture caused by a decrease in the extent of displacement measured from the mean position to an extreme position compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in body posture caused by an increase in the extent of displacement measured from the mean position to an extreme position compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in body posture with regard to the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern compared to control animals. In C. elegans, characteristic sinusoidal body posture is sinusoidal.
Animals exhibit variations in body posture caused by a decrease in the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern compared to control animals. In C. elegans, characteristic sinusoidal body posture is sinusoidal.
Animals exhibit variations in body posture caused by an increase in the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern compared to control animals. In C. elegans, characteristic sinusoidal body posture is sinusoidal.
Animals exhibit variations in the occurrence of a coil-like body posture compared to control animals. This includes the amount of time spent in a coil, the frequency with which coils form and the inappropriate formation of a coil, for example when attempting to locomote.
Animals exhibit variations in the amount of time spent with its body posture in a coil or the frequency with which they form coils compared to control animals.
Animals spend less time with their body posture in a coil or they decrease the frequency with which they form coils compared to control animals.
Animals spend more time with their body posture in a coil or they increase the frequency with which they form coils compared to control animals.
The extreme anterior of the animal exhibits variations in its movement compared to control.
Animals exhibit a decrease in the movement of the extreme anterior portion of the body to a new location compared to control.
Animals exhibit an increase in the movement of the extreme anterior portion of the body to a new location compared to control.
Animals exhibit a decrease in the movement of the most anterior portion of the body to a new location compared to control.
Animals exhibit an increase in the movement of the most anterior portion of the body to a new location compared to control.
Animals exhibit a decrease in the movement of the most posterior portion of the body to a new location compared to control.
Animals exhibit an increase in the movement of the most posterior portion of the body to a new location compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the amount of time spent in a paused state, which is neither moving forward or backward, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit a decrease in the amount of time spent in a paused state, which is neither moving forward or backward, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit an increase in the amount of time spent in a paused state, which is neither moving forward or backward, compared to control animals.
Variations in the behavior by which an organism alters its trajectory of movement compared to control, excluding shifts from forward to backward movements (this is reversal).
Animals exhibit variations in the frequency of execution of the behavior by which the animal alters its trajectory of movement compared to control, excluding shifts from forward to backward movements (this is reversal).
Animals exhibit an increase in the frequency of execution of the behavior by which the animal alters its trajectory of movement compared to control, excluding shifts from forward to backward movements (this is reversal).
Animals exhibit a decrease in the frequency of execution of the behavior by which the animal alters its trajectory of movement compared to control, excluding shifts from forward to backward movements (this is reversal).
Animals exhibit variations in their movement at high-speed in the forward direction with brief backward movement compared to control. During roaming, control animals often traverse wide regions.
Animals exhibit variations in the low-speed/high turning movement that restricts them to a confined region compared to control.
Animals exhibit an increase in the low-speed/high turning movement that usually restricts them to a confined region compared to control.
Animals exhibit a decrease in the low-speed/high turning movement that usually restricts them to a confined region compared to control.
Animals exhibit an increase in their high-speed movement in the forward direction with brief backward movement compared to control.
Variations in the behavior by which an organism shifts from forward to backward movements.
Animals exhibit decreased velocity of forward translocation of any point along the animal's track from that observed for control animals.
Animals exhibit increased velocity of forward translocation of any point along the animal's track from that observed for control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the velocity of backward translocation of any point along the animal's track from that observed for control animals.
Animals exhibit decreased velocity of backward translocation of any point along the animal's track from that observed for control animals.
Animals exhibit increased velocity of backward translocation of any point along the animal's track from that observed for control animals.
Animals exhibit a decrease in the net velocity of an animal.
Animals exhibit an increase in the net velocity of an animal
Animals exhibit an increase in the extent of a vibratory movement (as a worm bend) measured from the mean position to an extreme position compared to control.
amplitude of sinusoidal movement increased
obsolete temporal frequency of sinusoidal movement variant
obsolete temporal frequency of sinusoidal movement decreased
obsolete temporal frequency of sinusoidal movement increased
Animals exhibit variations in the length of the minimum enclosing rectangle surrounding the worm body on a solid medium, as viewed through the microscope.
Animals exhibit increased length of the minimum enclosing rectangle surrounding the worm body on a solid medium, as viewed through the microscope.
Animals exhibit decreased length of the minimum enclosing rectangle surrounding the worm body on a solid medium, as viewed through the microscope.
Animals exhibit variations in the extent to which the overall path of movement is curved, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit increases in the extent to which the overall path of movement is curved, producing tighter and more frequent curves compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit decreases in the extent to which the overall path of movement is curved, producing shallower, less frequent curves and an overall straighter path, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the body-area-to-length ratio and/or the width-to-length ratio, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit increases in the body-area-to-length ratio and/or the width-to-length ratio, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit decreases in the body-area-to-length ratio and/or the width-to-length ratio, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in instantaneous posture with regards to eccentricity (measure of circularity) or the mean number (and/or standard deviation) of instantaneous body bends.
Animals exhibit increased posture eccentricity (measure of circularity) or the mean number (and/or standard deviation) of instantaneous body bends.
Animals exhibit decreased posture eccentricity (measure of circularity) or the mean number (and/or standard deviation) of instantaneous body bends.
Animals spend less time backing compared to control animals.
Variations in the spontaneous or induced forward crawling locomotion of an animal compared to control.
Animals spend more time in forward locomotion, compared to control animals.
Animals spend less time in forward locomotion, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit an increase in the frequency of oscillations between adjacent body segments from that observed for control animals.
frequency of sinusoidal movement increased
temporal frequency of sinusoidal movement increased
The levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (a.k.a. PtdIns3P or PI3P) are reduced compared to those of control animals
phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate levels reduced
Animals exhibit increases in steady-state levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) compared to control.
Animals exhibit reductions in steady-state levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) compared to control.
Animals exhibit elevated levels of transfer RNA compared to control.
Animals exhibit reduced levels of transfer RNA compared to control.
Animals are more prone to infection from fungal pathogens compared to control animals.
increased susceptibility to fungal infection
Animals are more prone to infection by bacterial pathogens compared to control animals.
increased susceptibility to bacterial pathogens
Animals are negatively affected by bacteria that is nonpathogenic to control animals.
Animals exhibit an increase in the quantity of metabolites, small molecule products or intermediates required for the metabolic functioning of the cell or organism.
The conversion of one differentiated cell type into another does not occur as it does in control animals. In C. elegans, the Y cell undergoes a dramatic redifferentiation from being a cell in of the rectum to a PDA neuron. This transdifferentiation requires the cell to withdraw from its established position, migrate, and then become a motor neuron.
Animals exhibit an increase in the covalent modification of one or more native amino acid side chains in proteins to carbonyl derivatives such as an aldehyde or ketone.
Animals respond more severely to cold than control animals subjected to the same cold conditions.
Animals exhibit increased fluidity of cell membranes, compared to control animals.
Variations in the process by which one or more SUMO moieties are added to a protein, compared to control.
Animals are more resistant to the reduction of cholesterol in the environment compared to control animals.
Spontaneous axon breaks leading to degeneration of separated segments.
Following axon damage, animals do not undergo axonal fusion after reconnection between the regrowing axon and its separated segment to the same extent as observed in control animals.
Animals do not suppress exploratory head movements in response to anterior touch stimuli, unlike control animals.
touch-induced suppression of head movement defective
Animals are less successful than controls in extracting themselves from mesh or other non-living obstructing obstacles.
Lysosomal refractile bodies are apoptotic-like cell corpse; however, they differ in size and shape and can be described as resembling irregular cell corpses. These bodies have been shown to represent enlarged lysosomes and can occur in conjunction with altered programmed cell death programs.
Animals exhibit sister cells that have lost otherwise normal asynchrony of cell division timing, compared to control animals. This results in sister cells aberrantly dividing in synchrony.
sister cell division timing asynchrony reduced
Animals fail to execute their characteristic movements to avoid noxious heat in a manner consistent with controls.
Vesicles, including those in cells, cell bodies, or synaptic terminals, do not properly form or maintain an intermediate state, such as remain coated with a clathrin coat.
Vesicles in the presynaptic terminal differ in size, shape, or composition from those observed in control animals.
Animals show a stronger preference for a particular bacterium that has been grown under conditions that differ from a control lawn.
conditional attraction to bacterial lawn
Animals are deficient in the transport of silencing RNAs between cells during the systemic RNAi response process.
Animals that exhibit paralysis (reduced thrashing) revert back to normal swimming behavior that can be tabulated as a reversion index (number revertants/number paralysis) and reversion probability (time in reversion/time after paralysis).
Animals exhibit one or more mRNAs with decreased length of the 3' polyadenine tail, compared to control.
Animals exhibit one or more mRNAs with increased length of the 3' polyadenine tail, compared to control.
Variations in the characteristic movement away from specific disease causing agents (pathogens) compared to control animals.
The subcellular localization of mitochondrial organelles differ from that observed in control cells.
Neurons undergo a dramatic decrease in cell volume, collapse of the vacuoles and processes, and complete disintegration of the plasma membrane and most organelles at a faster rate or greater extent than those under conditions that elicit this response in control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the amount and/or quality of pheromone produced compared to control animals at a defined stage.
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of a bioactive compound that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. A bioactive compound is a chemical found in small amounts in organisms or, synthetically produced, that has effects on biological processes in another organism.
Any variation in the decreased behavioral response to repeated light head or tail touch compared to control. A gentle touch to the animal's head causes backward movement, whereas a gentle touch to the animal's tail causes forward movement. When wild-type animals are touched repeatedly on the head or tail, after some repetition they stop responding to the touch stimulus.
Animals are resistant to the toxicity of an anti-infective xenobiotic such as R24. Such small molecules protect the host from bacterial infection by inducing antibacterial immune responses via the p38 MAPK pathway. These molecules tend to have toxic effects in addition to immunostimulatory activity.
Animals fail to avoid a high pH (alkaline) environment as compared to control animals. This is at very high pH, for example around pH11.
Animals exhibit variations in the assembly of the fibrous body-membranous organelle (FB-MO), a nematode sperm-specific organelle involved in cytoplasmic partitioning during spermatogenesis, compared to control animals.
fibrous body-membranous organelle (FB-MO) assembly variant
Dividing cells exhibit additional arrays of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole that do not connect to kinetochores, compared to control.
Any variation in the second stage of cell division, between prophase and anaphase, during which the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers.
Any variation in the stage of meiotic or mitotic cell division in which the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle.
Animals exhibit larger variations in cell division timing events than in controls.
Cells attempt to divide but fail to form two daughter cells.
A depletion of somatic, but not germline, lipid stores are observed near the end of the reproductive period.
Any variation in the processes that govern the directed extension of neurite projections along the anteroposterior axis of the animal compared to controls.
anterior posterior neurite growth variant
The closure of a phagosome does not occur and it remains connected with the plasma membrane, leaving the lumen open to the outside. Complete closure usually occurs once an apoptotic cell has been surrounded by an engulfing cell.
Animals exhibit variations in recognition of cell corpses and initiation of corpse engulfment, compared to controls.
Animals with a tumorous germline exhibit a decreased frequency of the presence of a tumor prolapse, a protrusion of tumor cells from the vulva, compared to control.
Animals with a tumorous germline exhibit an increased frequency of the presence of a tumor prolapse, a protrusion of tumor cells from the vulva, compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the aggregation behavior of starved L1 larvae, compared to controls.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to a specific neurotransmitter compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals do not live or live poorly in the presence of glucose concentrations that normally do not have an effect on control animals.
The concentration of fatty acids in the animal are greater than that observed for control animals.
A cell (or group of cells) is not found in the correct body position compared the placement in control animals.
Ventral midline blastomeres (P cells) are misaligned (not properly paired) along the ventral midline of larval animals.
Cell-cell contacts are abnormal, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the behavioral response to pheromones, compared to control.
Any neurite that is extended towards the posterior of the animal from neurons that in wild-type animals make only anterior projections (e.g. D-type neurons in C. elegans).
Any variation in the overall size of fertilized oocytes that are laid compared to those laid by control animals.
Any variation that disrupts the cytoplasmic division of a cell during development compared to control.
One or more extra cleavage furrows are observed in a cell about to undergo division.
Cells exhibit defects in the formation, maintenance or termination of the groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate during cytokinesis.
Cells exhibit defects in the formation of the groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate at the onset of cytokinesis.
Cells exhibit defects in the maintenance or termination of the groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate during cytokinesis.
Animals have more than one nucleus in a particular cell type.
Any variation in the assembly, disassembly, arrangement, elongation or stabilization of the array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart compared to control.
Cells exhibit defects in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart.
Any variation in the placement of the array of microtubules and associated molecules that form between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis compared to control.
Any variation in the rotation of the spindle compared to control.
Cells lack the array of microtubules and associated molecules that form between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis.
Any variation in the assembly, disassembly, arrangement, elongation or stabilization of the microtubule spindle asters during a cell cycle.
Animals exhibit variations in the nature and/or extent of chromatin modification, including but not limited to acetylation and/or methylation of histones, compared to controls.
Animals exhibit increased ability to survive at low temperatures compared to controls.
Animals respond to tunicamycin at a higher concentration or a longer exposure compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in response to hypoxia, low oxygen conditions, compared to controls.
Animals exhibit variations in response to anoxia, trace oxygen conditions, compared to controls.
Variations in the specific actions or reactions in response to external or internal stimuli in response to the aggregation of proteins.
protein aggregation induced behavior variant
The duration of viability in the adult phase of the life-cycle is lowered in response to the aggregation of proteins.
protein aggregation induced reduction of life span
Variations in the behavioral plasticity induced by the integration of two sensory signals in response to the aggregation of proteins.
protein aggregation induced associative learning variant
Animals exhibit degeneration of the intestine, compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the degree to which some proteins are glycosylated, compared to controls.
Any variation in the extent of mitochondrial DNA damage observed compared to controls.
A telomerase-independent telomere maintenance pathway that allows for strains to survive in the absence of telomerase.
Animals do not respond with sleeping behavior induced through the EGF pathway. The EGF-induced sleep pathway is thought to represent a distinct molecular pathway from developmentally linked sleep. The EGF-induced sleep state occurs in two contexts: by overexpressing the EGF ortholog (LIN-3C), or by EGF signaling after stress (such as temperature elevation) in wildtype animals.
Animals respond with sleeping behavior induced through the EGF pathway, more rigorously than control animals. The EGF-induced sleep pathway is thought to represent a distinct molecular pathway from developmentally linked sleep. The EGF-induced sleep state occurs in two contexts: by overexpressing the EGF ortholog (LIN-3C), or by EGF signaling after stress (such as temperature elevation) in wildtype animals.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to mitochondrial stress, compared to controls.
Nematodes exposed to DNA damaging agents or conditions exhibit lower susceptibility to DNA damage than other animals.
less susceptibility to induced DNA damage
Nematodes exposed to DNA damaging agents or conditions exhibit greater susceptibility to DNA damage than other animals.
high susceptibility to induced DNA damage
Animals exhibit variations in the expression of repetitive exogenous DNA compared to control.
Animals exhibit reduced expression of repetitive exogenous DNA compared to control.
Animals exhibit increased expression of repetitive exogenous DNA compared to control.
repetitive transgene expression increased
Any perturbation that renders sperm incompetent at fertilizing an oocyte.
The time between two pumps of the pharynx is increased compared to control animals.
pharyngeal inter-pumping interval increased
pharyngeal inter-pump interval increased
The duration of the contraction of the pharyngeal muscle during pumping is increased compared to controls.
Any variation in the specific actions or reactions of the male that are associated with the protraction of the male copulatory spicules compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases.
Animals have one or more extra hypodermal cells, which are present in places they are normally not found, when compared to the number and location of these cells in control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in pharyngeal pumping rate in response to light, compared to controls.
pharyngeal pumping rate in response to light variant
Animals exhibit variations in the acute pharyngeal pumping response to light, during which the pharyngeal pumping rate initially (0-5 seconds after light exposure onset) decreases in response to light, compared to controls.
Animals exhibit an enhanced acute pharyngeal pumping response to light, such that pharyngeal pumping rate decreases in response to light to a greater extent than in controls during the first 0-5 seconds after light exposure onset.
enhanced acute pharyngeal pumping response to light
Animals exhibit a reduced acute pharyngeal pumping response to light, such that pharyngeal pumping rate decreases in response to light to a lesser extent than in controls during the first 0-5 seconds after light exposure onset.
reduced acute pharyngeal pumping response to light
Animals exhibit variations in the burst pharyngeal pumping response to light, during which the pharyngeal pumping rate slightly increases during the5-10 seconds after light exposure onset, compared to controls.
burst pharyngeal pumping response to light
Animals exhibit an enhanced burst pharyngeal pumping response to light, such that during the5-10 seconds after light exposure onset the pharyngeal pumping rate increases to a greater extent than in controls.
enhanced burst pharyngeal pumping response to light
Animals exhibit a reduced burst pharyngeal pumping response to light, such that during the5-10 seconds after light exposure onset the pharyngeal pumping rate increases to a lesser extent than in controls.
reduced burst pharyngeal pumping response to light
Animals exhibit variations in the recovery pharyngeal pumping response to light, during which the pharyngeal pumping rate slowly increases during the 0-10 seconds afterremoval of light exposure, compared to controls.
recovery pumping response to light variant
Animals exhibit an enhanced recovery pharyngeal pumping response to light, such that during the 0-10 seconds after removal of light exposure the pharyngeal pumping rate increases to a greater extent than in controls.
enhanced recovery pumping response to light
Animals exhibit a reduced recovery pharyngeal pumping response to light, such that during the 0-10 seconds after removal of light exposure the pharyngeal pumping rate increasesto a lesser extent than in controls.
reduced recovery pumping response to light
Animals exhibit variations in the changes in calcium levels in response to light compared to controls.
Formation in the male of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.
Any variation in the form, structure or composition of any part of an animal caused by the perturbation of maternal gene products that are contributed to oogenesis and are required during embryogenesis.
Animals exhibit hyperinduction of expression of an antimicrobial peptide after an infection, compared to control animals.
hyperinduction of antimicrobial peptide expression after infection
Animals exhibit no induction of expression of an antimicrobial peptide after an infection, unlike control animals.
no induction of antimicrobial peptide expression after infection
Pathogens exhibit decreased adherence to the surface of host animals.
Pathogens exhibit increased adherence to the surface of host animals.
Male animals exhibit multiple copulatory hooks. In wild type C. elegans males, a single hook is normally present.
The pattern or state of ubiquitin modifications of histones varies from that of controls.
Variations in the processes that incorporate methyl groups to one or more bases within RNA, compared to control.
Males continue to sire progeny significantly past the time reproduction stops in control animals or show a slower decline in mating efficiency compared to age-matched control males.
Animals exhibit a reduction in the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein, compared to control.
Any variation in the decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated plate tap stimulus compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the length of the microtubule-based dendritic projections extending from the cell body, compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit an increase in the length of the microtubule-based dendritic projections extending from the cell body, compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals exhibit a reduction in the length of the microtubule-based dendritic projections extending from the cell body, compared to that observed in control animals.
Animals fail to undergo the cellular catabolic process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.
Animals are less prone to infection by virus compared to control.
Animals vary in the distance between most anterior and the most posterior ends of the pharynx from that observed in control animals.
Animals have an increase in the distance between most anterior and the most posterior ends of the pharynx from that observed in control animals.
Any variation in the subcellular localization of the ribosome compared to control. The ribosome is an intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA).
Any variation in the cellular and molecular pathways in a neuron in response to having its axon severed compared to severing in control animals.
Any increase in regenerative regrowth of axons compared to control animals.
Animals exhibit variations in the amount of heme compared to control animals. Heme is any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring.
Animals exhibit a decrease in the amount of heme compared to control animals. Heme is any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring.
Animals exhibit an increase in the amount of heme compared to control animals. Heme is any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring.
Animals are less prone to infection by a fungus compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in fluidity of cell membranes, compared to control animals.
membrane fluidity variant
Any variation in the morphological appearance of germline precursor cells compared to control animals.
germline precursor cell morphology variant
Animals exhibit persistent cellular lobes of the primordial germ cells Z2 and/or Z3 at the L1 larval stage or later, in contrast to wild type animals
persistent germline precursor cell lobes
persistent primordial germ cell lobes
Animals exhibit variations in the integrity of the intestine, compared to controls.
intestinal integrity variant
Animals exhibit an increase in the integrity of the intestine, compared to controls.
intestinal integrity increased
Animals exhibit a reduction in the integrity of the intestine, compared to controls.
intestinal integrity reduced
Neurons exhibit axon outgrowth in locations not normally found in controls.
ectopic axon outgrowth
Neurons exhibit neurite outgrowth in locations not normally found in controls.
ectopic neurite outgrowth
Animals exhibit one or more body wall muscle cells in locations not normally found in controls.
ectopic body wall muscle
Animals exhibit one or more cells of a particular type in locations not normally found in controls.
ectopic cell
Animals exhibit one or more endodermal cells in locations not normally found in controls.
ectopic endoderm
Animals exhibit one or more hypodermal cells in locations not normally found in controls.
ectopic hypodermis
Animals exhibit one or more neurons in locations not normally found in controls.
ectopic neuron
Animals exhibit one or more pharyngeal muscle cells in locations not normally found in controls.
ectopic pharyngeal muscle
Animals exhibit one or more organs of a particular type in locations not normally found in controls.
ectopic organ
Animals exhibit one or more vulvae in locations not normally found in controls.
ectopic vulva
One or more cells exhibit one or more cleavage furrows in locations not normally found in control cells.
ectopic cleavage furrow
One or more cells of the early embryo (one-cell stage to four-cell stage) exhibit one or more cleavage furrows in locations not normally found in control cells.
ectopic cleavage furrow early emb
Animals exhibit an increase in the covalent addition of an acetyl group to one or more native amino acid side chains in proteins.
protein acetylation increased
Animals exhibit an increase the creation of double-strand breaks that occur during meiosis that may result in the initiation of meiotic recombination.
meiotic DNA double strand break formation increased
Infected animals exhibit a reduction in the release of pathogens back into the environment, compared to control.
pathogen release reduced
Infected animals exhibit variations in the clearance of pathogen infection compared to controls.
pathogen infection clearance variant
Infected animals exhibit an increased rate of clearance of pathogen infection compared to controls.
pathogen infection clearance rate increased
Infected animals exhibit a decreased rate of clearance of pathogen infection compared to controls.
pathogen infection clearance rate decreased
Animals produce an excess number of neurons compared to controls.
extra neuron
Animals produce an excess number of dopaminergic neurons compared to controls.
extra dopaminergic neuron
Animals exhibit fewer neurons compared to control animals.
fewer neurons
Animals exhibit fewer glutamatergic neurons compared to control animals.
fewer glutamatergic neurons
Variations in behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of temperature, compared to control.
thermosensory behavior variant
Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific temperature gradient compared to control.
thermotaxis variant
Animals do not exhibit backward locomotion under conditions that induce backward locomotion in control animals.
backing absent
Animals exhibit a defective response to pathogens.
organism pathogen response defective
Animals exhibit variations, compared to control, in the distance traveled in a burrowing assay, in which animals are placed in a tube, separated from an attractant by solid medium through which the worms can burrow. Variations in distance traveled during the burrowing assay, when controlled for chemosensation defects, have been suggested to reflect variations in neuromuscular efficacy of locomotion.
burrowing assay distance abnormal
Animals exhibit a reduction, compared to control, in the distance traveled in a burrowing assay, in which animals are placed in a tube, separated from an attractant by solid medium through which the worms can burrow. Reductions in distance traveled during the burrowing assay, when controlled for chemosensation defects, have been suggested to reflect deficits in neuromuscular efficacy of locomotion.
burrowing assay distance reduced
The length of one or more axons is abnormal compared to the length of the corresponding axon(s) in control animals.
axon length abnormal
The length of one or more axons is reduced compared to the length of the corresponding axon(s) in control animals.
axon length reduced
One or more cells exhibit variations in the morphology of one or more gap junction plaques, sets of associated gap junctions, compared to controls.
gap junction plaque morphology abnormal
One or more cells exhibit an increase in number of gap junction plaques, sets of associated gap junctions, compared to controls.
gap junction plaque number increased
Animals exhibit variations in the recovery from L1 larvae developmental arrest in response to a lack of food (starvation) available in the environment.
starvation-induced L1 arrest recovery abnormal
Animals exhibit a slow recovery from starvation-induced L1 arrest, compared to controls.
slow recovery from starvation-induced L1 arrest
Animals are more sensitive to the depletion of molybdenum cofactor from the diet compared to control animals.
dependent on dietary molybdenum cofactor
molybdenum cofactor depletion hypersensitive
Animals exhibit variations in their response to diet, compared to controls.
diet response variant
Animals exhibit variations in the response to the depletion of molybdenum cofactor from the diet compared to control animals.
response to molybdenum cofactor depletion abnormal
Animals in the dauer larval stage exhibit variations in their physiology (any biological process including but not limited to development, behavior, or metabolism) compared to controls.
dauer larva physiology variant
Animals (or cells) exhibit defects in the ability to produce mature microRNAs (miRNAs) from a miRNA locus. The defects could be at the level of miRNA transcription, pri-miRNA processing, and/or pre-miRNA processing.
miRNA biogenesis defective
Animals exhibit defects or impairments in the functioning of the proteasome.
proteasome defective
The level of phosphatidylserine exposed on the external axonal membrane following transection (axotomy) is changed compared to controls.
axotomy-induced phosphatidylserine exposure abnormal
Animals exhibit variations in allogenic (non-self) organelle autophagy, or allophagy, a macroautophagy process whereby organelles of non-self origin, like paternal mitochondria from sperm in a newly fertilized oocyte, are selectively degraded.
allophagy abnormal
Animals exhibit defects in allogenic (non-self) organelle autophagy, or allophagy, a macroautophagy process whereby organelles of non-self origin, like paternal mitochondria from sperm in a newly fertilized oocyte, are selectively degraded.
allophagy defective
Animals exhibit variations in the expression of one or more known, endogenous, antimicrobial genes, compared to controls.
antimicrobial gene expression variant
Animals exhibit variations in the extent to which one or more sensory neurons associated with sensilla (typically one or more amphids and/or phasmids) take up dye from the environment, compared to controls. In C. elegans, these neurons are commonly assayed by dye-filling with FITC, DiI or DiO.
dye filling defect
Animals exhibit germ cells with a number of P granules that differs from control animals.
P granule number abnormal
Animals exhibit germ cells with a reduced number of P granules compared to control animals.
P granule number reduced
Any variation in the series of molecular signals in which the spermatheca uses calcium ions to convert an extracellular signal into a response, compared to control.
calcium signaling in spermatheca variant
Animals exhibit an increase in the expression of one or more known, endogenous, antimicrobial genes, compared to controls.
antimicrobial gene expression increased
Animals exhibit a reduced rate of lawn/food leaving events, compared to controls.
lawn leaving reduced
Programmed cell death of germ cells caused by exposure to ionizing energy occurs to a lesser extent than it does in control animals.
radiation induced germ cell apoptosis resistant
Cells exhibit specific regions of chromatin (e.g. an integrated array reporter) that localize to different regions within the nucleus, compared to controls.
intranuclear chromatin localization abnormal
intranuclear chromatin localization variant
Animals accumulate a greater number of mitochondrial genetic lesions than control animals in the absence of an externally controlled mutagen.
spontaneous mitochondrial DNA mutation rate increased
Normally beneficial (or otherwise harmless, non-pathogenic) commensal Enterobacter bacteria, for example Enterobacter cloacae, become pathogenic to animals, unlike in control animals.
hypersensitive to Enterobacter commensals
Animals exhibit variations in their response to bacteria (pathogenic or non-pathogenic), compared to controls.
response to bacteria variant
Animals exhibit variations in the load of bacteria, of a particular clade or in general, in the gut, compared to controls.
bacterial load in gut variant
Animals exhibit a greater abundance of bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family in the gut, compared to controls.
gut Enterobacteriaceae bloom
Animals exhibit a kinker phenotype that is due to conflicting, simultaneous forward and backward propagating bending waves.
kinker from conflicting forward and backward body bend propagation
Animals exhibit an increase in the rate at which spontaneous backward locomotion is initiated compared to control.
increased frequency of spontaneous reversal initiation
Animals exhibit a kinker phenotype that is due to conflicting, simultaneous forward and backward propagating bending waves, and over time has a tendency to move slowly backward due to a dominating reversal neural circuit.
conflicted kinker with gradual backward movement
A phenotype affecting a particular anatomical entity.
anatomical phenotype
A phenotype affecting a particular cell.
cell phenotype
A phenotype affecting a particular organ.
organ phenotype
A phenotype affecting a particular organ system.
organ system phenotype
A phenotype affecting the whole organism.
organismal phenotype
A phenotype affecting a particular tissue.
tissue phenotype
A phenotype affecting a particular body region.
body region phenotype
A phenotype affecting a particular extracellular component.
extracellular component phenotype
Animals exhibit abnormalities in their burrowing behavior, in which animals burrow into a solid medium, such as agar, compared to control animals.
burrowing abnormal
Greater quantities of worms burrow into and stay below the surface of the agar when high densities of nematodes are maintained on agar compared to controls (Hodgkin and Doniach, 1997).
burrowing in response to high population density increased
Cells exhibit defects in the homotypic fusion of endosomes.
homotypic endosome fusion defective
Cells exhibit variations or abnormalities in their maintenance of lysosome function, compared to controls.
lysosome homeostasis abnormal
Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the neuron to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to cues, compared to control animals.
neuron physiology phenotype
Animals exhibit variations in their recalled and repeated responses to stimuli they are exposed to during learning and memory paradigms, compared to controls.
associative memory phenotype
Animals exhibit variations in their recalled and repeated responses to olfactory stimuli they are exposed to during learning and memory paradigms, compared to controls.
associative olfactory memory phenotype
Animals exhibit variations in their recalled and repeated responses to olfactory stimuli they are exposed to during learning and memory paradigms over the long term, compared to controls. Long-term associative memory is memory that lasts for hours to days after the associative learning (training) event(s).
long-term associative olfactory memory abnormal
long-term associative olfactory memory variant
long-term associative olfactory memory phenotype
Animals are deficient in their recalled and repeated responses to olfactory stimuli they are exposed to during learning and memory paradigms over the long term, compared to controls. Long-term associative memory is memory that lasts for hours to days after the associative learning (training) event(s).
long-term associative olfactory memory defective
Animals exhibit variations in their recalled and repeated responses to stimuli they are exposed to during learning and memory paradigms over the long term, compared to controls. Long-term associative memory is memory that lasts for hours to days after the associative learning (training) event(s).
long-term associative memory phenotype
Any variation in the progression of the hypodermis over time, from its formation to its mature state compared to control.
hypodermis development variant
Cessation of development during the gastrulation stage of embryonic development. In C. elegans, gastrulation occurs 100-290 minutes after first cleavage at 20 degrees Centigrade when the embryo develops from 28 cells to 421 cells (during the proliferating embryo life stage).
embryonic arrest during gastrulation
Embryos exhibit a failure to enclose the anterior embryo region with hypodermis during the comma to early elongation stage of embryonic development.
anterior enclosure defective
Animals exhibit variations in mitophagy, the selective autophagy process in which a mitochondrion is degraded by macroautophagy, compared to control.
mitophagy abnormal
Animals exhibit reduced levels of mitophagy, the selective autophagy process in which a mitochondrion is degraded by macroautophagy, compared to control.
mitophagy reduced
Animals exhibit abnormal amounts of variation in gene expression level between individual animals, compared to control.
gene expression level variation abnormal
Animals exhibit abnormal gene expression levels, compared to control.
gene expression level abnormal
Animals exhibit reduced amounts of variation in gene expression level between individual animals, compared to control.
gene expression level variation reduced
Animals exhibit variations in the composition of basement membranes, compared to control animals.
basement membrane composition phenotype
Animals exhibit variations in the amount of laminin in basement membranes, compared to control animals.
basement membrane laminin level abnormal
basement membrane laminin level phenotype
Animals exhibit variations in the amount of type IV collagen in basement membranes, compared to control animals.
basement membrane type IV collagen level abnormal
basement membrane type IV collagen level variant
basement membrane type IV collagen level phenotype
One or more cells exhibit changes in the variability of cell position, compared to controls.
cell position variability phenotype
One or more cells exhibit increases in the variability of cell position, compared to controls.
cell position variability increased
Animals exhibit variations in miniature inhibitory post-synaptic currents (mIPSC), compared to controls.
miniature inhibitory post-synaptic current abnormal
miniature inhibitory post-synaptic current variant
miniature inhibitory post-synaptic current phenotype
Animals exhibit increased amplitude of miniature inhibitory post-synaptic currents (mIPSC), compared to controls.
miniature inhibitory post-synaptic current amplitude increased
Animals survive longer, or do not respond to the same degree as control animals under similar conditions of bisphenol A exposure.
bisphenol A resistant
Pristionchus pacificus: Animals exhibit abnormal predatory behavior, compared to controls.
predatory behavior abnormal
Pristionchus pacificus: Animals exhibit reduced predatory feeding behavior, indicated by reduced predation success, compared to controls.
reduced predatory feeding behavior
Animals are impaired in their burrowing ability compared to control animals in a Pluronic gel-based burrowing assay.
Pluronic gel burrowing impaired
Animals exhibit variations or abnormalities in the structure, integrity, function, or quality of basement membranes, compared to controls.
basement membrane phenotype
Animals exhibit a reduction in neuron degeneration, compared to control animals.
neuron degeneration reduced
The linker cell of male animals becomes detached from the rest of the male gonad.
linker cell detached
One or more neurons of the animal exhibit one or more dendrites with reduced length compared to the corresponding dendrites in control animals.
dendrite length reduced
Animals exhibit variations in their response to changes in gravitational force, compared to control animals.
organism response to gravitational force abnormal
Any variation in the decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated plate tap stimulus compared to control, over the short term. Short-term memory is memory that lasts for minutes to hours after the learning (training) event(s).
short term plate tap habituation variant
Any variation in the decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated plate tap stimulus compared to control, over the long term. Long-term memory is memory that lasts for hours to days after the learning (training) event(s).
long term plate tap habituation variant
The reduction in brood size caused by sleep deprivation is enhanced, compared to controls.
sleep deprivation-induced brood size reduction enhanced
The reduction in brood size caused by sleep deprivation is suppressed, compared to controls.
sleep deprivation-induced brood size reduction suppressed
Variations in the behavioral plasticity induced by the integration of two sensory signals (one of which is gustation (taste)) compared to control. For example, C. elegans animals can be trained to associate the taste of a substance (e.g. sodium chloride, normally an attractant) to an aversive stimuli (e.g. starvation) so that trained worms will avoid the substance in the absence of the aversive stimuli. Animals with this phenotype have an abnormal response to the trained stimuli compared to controls.
gustatory learning abnormal
Variations in the aversion of animals to substances sensed by gustation (taste) previously associated with an aversive stimuli during a gustation training protocol, compared to control. For example, C. elegans animals can be trained to associate the taste of a substance (e.g. sodium chloride, normally an attractant) to an aversive stimuli (e.g. starvation) so that trained worms will avoid the substance in the absence of the aversive stimuli. Animals with this phenotype will not exhibit the same aversion to the substance as compared to control animals.
gustatory aversive learning abnormal
Any variation in the decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus compared to control, over the long term. Long-term memory is memory that lasts for hours to days after the learning (training) event(s).
long-term habituation phenotype
Any variation in the decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus compared to control, over the short term. Short-term memory is memory that lasts for minutes to hours after the learning (training) event(s).
short-term habituation phenotype
Animals exhibit variations in their recalled and repeated responses to stimuli they are exposed to during learning and memory paradigms over the short term, compared to controls. Short-term memory is memory that lasts for minutes to hours after the learning (training) event(s).
short-term associative memory phenotype
Animals exhibit a decrease in the rate at which spontaneous backward locomotion is initiated compared to control.
reduced frequency of spontaneous reversal initiation
Animals exhibit an abnormal response to toxic proteins, either via exposure in the environment or expressed within the organism, compared to controls.
protein toxicity response abnormal
Animals exhibit an abnormal response to toxic dipeptide repeat proteins, either via exposure in the environment or expressed within the organism, compared to controls.
dipeptide repeat protein toxicity abnormal
Normally toxic dipeptide repeat proteins appear to be less toxic to animals, compared to control animals.
dipeptide repeat protein toxicity suppressed
Animals exhibit reduced necrotic cell death, compared to controls.
necrotic cell death decreased
One or more cellular nuclei exhibit an abnormal size, compared to controls.
nuclear size abnormal
A body elongation defect in which embryos develop abnormally bulged dorsal surfaces.
"After standard ethylmethane sulfonate mutagenesis, we screened directly for mutant embryos that are defective in body elongation. We isolated 13 recessive, zygotic-lethal mutants that, in addition to failing to elongate properly, show abnormally bulged dorsal surfaces (Fig. 1B). We call this novel phenotype Hmp (humpback); this phenotype contrasts with previously described elongation-defective Pat mutants that display bulges at variable positions (Williams and Waterston, 1994)."
humpback
An anterior enclosure defect in which the anterior portion of the embryo, unenclosed by the hypodermis, bulges to form a hammerhead shape.
"However, in the remaining hmr-1 mutants the hypodermis fails to fully enclose the embryo. We call this phenotype Hmr (hammerhead; see Fig. 1F)."
hammerhead
Apoptosis occurs in cells or cell types that do not undergo apoptosis in controls.
ectopic apoptosis
The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, or within the cytoplasm of a cell undergoing meiosis is impaired.
meiotic cytoplasmic streaming defective
The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, or within the cytoplasm of a cell is abnormal compared to control.
cytoplasmic streaming phenotype
The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, or within the cytoplasm of a cell undergoing meiosis is abnormal compared to control.
meiotic cytoplasmic streaming phenotype
Genes normally silenced within heterochromatin are abnoramally de-repressed and exhibit expression, unlike controls.
derepression of heterchromatic gene silencing
Animals accumulate vacuoles in an abnormal manner in cells, tissues, and/or organs of the animal.
abnormal accumulation of vacuoles
Cells exhibit an abnormal intracellular level (amount) of calcium, compared to controls.
cellular calcium level abnormal
Cells exhibit a higher level of calcium in the cytosol, compared to controls.
cytosolic calcium levels increased
Cells exhibit a lower level of calcium in the cytosol, compared to controls.
cytosolic calcium levels decreased
Animals exhibit increased occurrence of cell death, compared to controls.
cell death increased
Animals exhibit decreased occurrence of cell death, compared to controls.
cell death decreased
Animals exhibit a decrease in the expression of one or more known, endogenous, antimicrobial genes, compared to controls.
antimicrobial gene expression reduced
Animals exhibit decreased recruitment of actin to a site of injury, compared to controls.
decreased recruitment of actin upon injury
decreased recruitment of actin upon wounding
Animals exhibit no induction of expression of an antimicrobial peptide after an injury, unlike control animals.
no induction of antimicrobial peptide expression after wounding
no induction of antimicrobial peptide expression after injury
Cells display reduced incorporation of the thymidine analogue 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), suggesting reduced cell proliferation. Incorporation of EdU is an indication of active DNA synthesis and thus an indication of cells proceeding through the cell cycle.
EdU incorporation reduced
Animals exhibit visible, structural degeneration of the head, unlike control animals.
head degeneration
Animals exhibit an abnormal attachment (or lack thereof) to a substrate, compared to controls. For some parasitic worms, attachment to host tissue surfaces, like endothelium, is a necessary behavior for their life cycle.
attachment to substrate abnormal
Animals exhibit an abnormal attachment (or lack thereof) to a substrate in vitro, compared to controls.
in vitro attachment to substrate abnormal
Animals exhibit a reduced attachment to a substrate in vitro, compared to controls.
in vitro attachment to substrate reduced
Animals exhibit edema (swelling) of the intestine, compared to control animals. This swelling is distinct from distension of the intestinal lumen (swollen intestinal lumen).
intestinal edema
Animals exhibit degeneration of the epithelial system (skin, integument or tegument), compared to control animals.
epithelial system degeneration
Animals exhibit edema (swelling) of one or more tissues, compared to control animals.
tissue edema
Animals exhibit cells with an abnormal degree of chromatin accessibility, compared to controls, detected using techniques such as ATAC-seq (Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing).
chromatin accessibility abnormal
Animals exhibit a pharynx that recedes into the animal's interior such that the animal cannot feed.
pharynx ingressed
Animals exhibit a resistance to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressors such as an accumulation of unfolded proteins or the presence of chemicals that induce ER stress, such as dithiothreitol (DDT) or tunicamycin, compared to controls. This may mean that animals fare better than controls in terms of survival or some metric of health when exposed to an inducer of ER stress.
ER stress resistant
Animals shed fragments of epidermis into the surrounding environment, unlike controls. In embryos, these fragments can be seen in the extra-embryonic space.
epidermal shedding
One or more cells of the animal exhibit chromatin that has become detached from the nuclear periphery, unlike controls.
detachment of chromatin from nuclear periphery
Animals (or cells of the animal) exhibit reduced levels of iron in the body (or cells) compared to controls.
iron levels decreased
Animals are more prone to infection, sickness and/or death caused by oomycete pathogens compared to control animals.
increased susceptibility to oomycete infection
Animals exhibit specific or general variations in the composition of the microbiome at a body site compared to controls.
microbiome composition abnormal
The physical strength or integrity of the cuticle is decreased compared to that observed for control animals.
cuticle integrity decreased
The cuticle of animals becomes more permeable to dyes or stains, such as Hoechst 33258, or other substances compared to controls.
cuticle permeability increased
Animals exposed to an exogenous chemical exhibit an abnormal accumulation of this chemical in the body of the animals, compared to controls.
chemical accumulation abnormal
Animals exposed to an exogenous chemical exhibit an abnormal increase in accumulation of this chemical in the body of the animals, compared to controls.
chemical accumulation increased
Animals do not respond to the edge or gap in the medium surface they were supported on in the same manner as controls. In Mitchell et al., the precipice response was defined to be that within 2 seconds of the nose moving off the edge of the agar chunk, the worm begins a reversal that completes at least one full sine wave.
precipice response variant
Animals exhibit an abnormal recovery from heat stress, compared to controls.
Exposure of wild type worms to a 6 h heat shock at 33°C led to a 20% decrease in worms with normal movement after a 48 h recovery at 20°C.
thermorecovery abnormal
Animals exhibit reduced recovery from heat stress compared to controls. Reduced recovery may be indicated, for example, by a decrease in normal movement, such as uncoordinated or jerky movement or paralysis, compared to controls.
thermorecovery reduced
Animals display variations in the structure, organization of components, or spatial pattern of the neuronal extensions that carry afferent (incoming) action potentials towards the cell body, compared to that observed in control animals.
dendrite morphology variant
Animals display variations in the number or pattern of neuronal extensions that carry afferent (incoming) action potentials towards the cell body, compared to that observed in control animals.
dendrite branching variant
Characteristic response to chemicals with respect to egg-laying behavior varies compared to control.
egg laying response to chemical abnormal
Characteristic response to extracted lipopolysaccharide from pathogens with respect to egg-laying behavior varies compared to control conditions.
egg laying response to pathogen lipopolysaccharide variant
Cells exhibit an abnormal production of exophers, large (approximately four microns in diameter) membrane-bound extracellular vesicles that are released by budding out of cells into the extracellular space, compared to controls.
exopher production phenotype
Cells exhibit a increase in production of exophers compared to controls.
exopher production increased
Cells exhibit a decrease in production of exophers compared to controls.
exopher production decreased
Muscle cells exhibit an abnormal production of exophers compared to controls.
exopher production in muscle phenotype
Muscle cells exhibit a decrease in production of exophers compared to controls.
exopher production in muscle decreased
Muscle cells exhibit an increase in production of exophers compared to controls.
exopher production in muscle increased
Animals exhibit intolerance (e.g. lethality or significant growth defect) when exposed to saturated fatty acids via the diet, compared to controls.
dietary saturated fatty acid intolerant
Animals exhibit variations in muscle strength, as measured by a strength determining assay, compared to controls.
muscle strength phenotype
Animals exhibit a decrease in muscle strength, as measured by a strength determining assay, compared to controls.
muscle strength decreased
Animals exhibit a depletion of germline stem cells, compared to controls.
germline stem cell depletion
Genes, whose expression is typically induced by an innate immune response, are actively expressed under conditions which would not normally induce an innate immune response gene expression program.
constitutive expression of innate immune response genes
Animals exhibit an increase in the homology-dependent transcriptional level silencing of the expression of exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism, compared to control.
transgene silencing increased
Cells of the animal exhibit variations in the intracellular lipid surveillance response, responsible for responding to and addressing lipid depletion inside of cells, compared to control.
intracellular lipid surveillance response abnormal
Any variation in the placement of RNA within in a cell or cellular compartment compared to control.
RNA subcellular localization variant
Any variation in the properties of an RNA condensate within a cell or cellular compartment compared to control.
RNA condensate variant
An abnormal dissolution of an RNA condensate within a cell or cellular compartment compared to control.
abnormal dissolution of RNA condensate
Animals fail to respond to the concentration of sodium iodide that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals.
survived-in-sodium-iodide (Sisi) phenotype
sodium iodide resistant
Animals or cells exhibit abnormal formation of mitochondrial stress granules (mitoSGs) compared to controls. mitoSGs are ethidium bromide (EtBr)-staining granules within mitochondria.
abnormal formation of mitochondrial stress granules (mitoSGs)
Animals exhibit diminished motivation after food deprivation/starvation as indicated by, for example, reduced foraging and immobility, compared to controls
diminished motivation after food deprivation
Animals exhibit variations in healthspan, the period within which animals are or appear to be generally healthy as indicated, for example, by mobility, compared to controls.
Healthspan, as defined by Herndon et al. (2002) Nature (WBPaper00005490): "the adult period of unimpaired activity and function that precedes age-related decline"
healthspan phenotype
Animals exhibit an extension of healthspan, the period within which animals are or appear to be generally healthy as indicated, for example, by mobility, compared to controls.
extended healthspan
Animals exhibit a shortening of healthspan, the period within which animals are or appear to be generally healthy as indicated, for example, by mobility, compared to controls.
shortened healthspan
Animals exhibit variations in the formation, appearance or functioning of nucleolar vacuoles, compared to control animals.
nucleolar vacuole phenotype
Animals exhibit, in the absence of infection, induction of chil (chitinase-like) genes (e.g. chil-27), known immune response effectors in response to oomycete infection.
Chili (chil induction lacking infection) phenotype
Constitutive expression of ORR (Oomycete Recognition Response) genes
Note from author: Constitutive expression of chil-27 and several other ORR (Oomycete Recognition Response) genes.
chil gene expression induction lacking infection
Any variation in the levels of glycerol throughout the body of the animal as compared to controls.
glycerol levels variant
Animals respond to allyl alcohol at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals.
hypersensitive to allyl alcohol
Animals exhibit sterility that manifests specifically during the adult life stage
Comment from Caroline Goutte about allele ar179 in the context of WBPaper00053552 (PMID:29242286): GSCs [germline stem cells] are initially present, but then lost during adulthood; hermaphrodite is fertile but has low brood size and reduced reproductive span
adult-onset sterility
Any variation in the specific actions or reactions of a hermaphrodite during mating compared to control.
Animals exhibit defects in the production of the sensory signal to attract males.
Males exhibit defects in their response to the mate-finding cue.
The inability of a male to respond properly to a potential mate after contact. In C.elegans, proper response includes apposing the ventral side of his tail to the hermaphrodite's body and swimming backward.
Males exhibit variations in mating behavior prior to contacting its mate compared to control.
Males exhibit variations in mating behavior after contacting its mate compared to control.
Males exhibit defects in the continuous prodding of spicule tips at the vulva prior to prolonged spicule insertion.
Males exhibit defects in the prolonged, tonic, spicule extrusion through the vulva prior to sperm transfer.
Any variation in the mating process that includes the male stopping at the vulva (usually after backing) compared to control. In C. elegans general vulva location (stopping) requires the hook sensillum.
Any variation in the mating process that includes the male positioning his tail precisely over the vulva so that he may insert his spicules and ejaculate compared to control. In C. elegans precise vulva location (coordinating movement and tail positioning) requires the post cloacal sensillium and the spicules.
Any variation in the retraction of spicules after all sperm that exit the seminal vesicle have been released compared to control.
Any variation in the continued movement of sperm through the vas deferens, exiting the cloaca, compared to control. In C. elegans, when all sperm that exit the seminal vesicle have been released, the spicules retract into the male.
Any variation in the initial movement of sperm through the vas deferens, exiting the cloaca, compared to control.
Any variation in the specific actions or reactions of a hermaphrodite after male contact during mating compared to control.
Any variation in the specific actions or reactions of a hermaphrodite prior to male contact during mating compared to control.
Any variation in the behavior exhibited by dauer larva in which they crawl up upon the substrate and wave back and forth while standing on their tail compared to control. Nictation is often associated with the search for a new host.
Animals exhibit variations in their ability to maintain characteristic and effective locomotion compared to control.
Any variation in the propagation of the contraction sine wave along the body while an animal travels from one location to another, compared to control.
Any variation in the extent of a vibratory movement (as a worm bend) measured from the mean position to an extreme position compared to control.
amplitude of sinusoidal movement variant
Animals exhibit variations in the frequency of oscillations between adjacent body segments from that observed for control animals.
frequency of sinusoidal movement variant
temporal frequency of sinusoidal movement variant
Any variation in the distance in the line of advance of a body wave from any one point to the next point of corresponding phase compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in the net velocity of an animal, that is, the maximum distance an animal traverses over an extended period of time, from that observed for control animals.
Variations in the ability of an animal to respond with characteristic backward movement after a nose-on collision with an object compared to control. In C. elegans, this phenotype is usually assayed via stroking with a hair or similar fiber on the anterior most tip of the animal.
Animals exhibit variations in their response to substrate vibration compared to control.
Animals exhibit variations in modulating their locomotory rate in response to its food , compared to control. Basal slowing response refers to when well-fed animals move more slowly in the presence of bacteria than in the absence of bacteria . Second , food-deprived control animals , when transferred to bacteria , display a dramatically enhanced slowing response that ensures that the animals do not leave their newly encountered source of food.
Any variation with respect to perception or response to mechanical stimuli in a sex dependent manner compared to control animals.
sexually dimorphic mechanosensation abnormal
sexually dimorphic mechanosensation variant
Any variation in the response by the male to a hermaphrodite after initial contact following mate finding compared to control. In C. elegans the male stops forward locomotion, presses the ventral side of his tail against his partner's body, and begins moving backward along the hermaphrodite. Male response behavior is initiated when sensory neurons located in the rays of his tail contact a potential mate.
Any variation in the ability of an animal to search for a mate compared to control. In C. elegans, this is defined by failure of the leaving assay.
The apparent partial collapse of the vulval invagination and the elongation of central vulva cells often leading to a flattened appearance.
Any variation in the processes that govern acquisition of particular cell fates in the embryo, from the time of zygote formation until hatching compared to control.
embryonic cell fate specification abnormal
embryonic cell fate specification variant
Any variation in the processes that govern acquisition of somatic cell fates in the embryo, from the time of zygote formation until hatching compared to control.
embryonic somatic cell fate specification abnormal
embryonic somatic cell fate specification variant
Any variation in a learned olfactory response whereby exposure of animals to odorants during specific developmental times or physiological states results in a lasting memory compared to control. In control animals, this imprinting determines the animal's behavior upon encountering the same odorant at a later time.
Variations in the process(es) by which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter compared to control.
Variations in the process(es) involved in the assembly and arrangement of cell structures compared to control.
Animals exhibit a decreased rate programmed cell death pathway leading to the destruction of the cell, viewable in its terminally dismanteled form of a cell corpse, compared to that observed for control cells.
Variations in the process(es) that constitute cell corpse degradation within the engulfing cell compared to control.