The Common Anatomy Reference Ontology (CARO) is being developed to facilitate interoperability between existing anatomy ontologies for different species, and will provide a template for building new anatomy ontologies. Common Anatomy Reference Ontology Based on CARO 1.0, with modifications and additions by David Osumi-Sutherland, Chris Mungall, Ramona Walls and Melissa Haendel. 2023-03-15 IAO:0000112 uberon example_of_usage true example_of_usage example of usage definition IAO:0000116 uberon editor_note true editor_note editor note expand expression to term replaced by If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then it also holds that R -> P o Q. Note that this cannot be expressed directly in OWL is a defining property chain axiom If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R. is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive CARO2 core class CARO2 plus class adult olfactory system model http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator uberon dc-creator true dc-creator creator http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description uberon dc-description true dc-description description http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title uberon dc-title true dc-title title http://purl.org/dc/terms/license uberon dcterms-license true dcterms-license license subset_property synonym_type_property consider has_alternative_id has_broad_synonym database_cross_reference has_exact_synonym has_narrow_synonym has_obo_format_version has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym has_scope has_synonym_type in_subset is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. part_of BFO:0000050 external quality uberon part_of part_of part of part of part_of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. has_part BFO:0000051 external quality uberon has_part has_part has part has part has_part preceded by x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. is preceded by preceded_by http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by BFO:0000062 external uberon preceded_by preceded_by preceded by preceded by precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. BFO:0000063 external uberon precedes precedes precedes precedes occurs in b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs_in unfolds in unfolds_in BFO:0000066 external gene_ontology occurs_in occurs_in Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant occurs in occurs in site of [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t BFO:0000067 uberon contains_process contains_process Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant contains process contains process inheres in this fragility is a characteristic of this vase this red color is a characteristic of this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. inheres_in Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing. characteristic of bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility Inverse of characteristic_of A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of RO:0000053 external bearer_of bearer_of bearer of has characteristic participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process this investigator participates in this investigation a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in RO:0000056 external uberon participates_in participates_in participates in participates in has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant RO:0000057 external has_participant has_participant has participant has participant this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. function_of is function of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. function of this red color is a quality of this apple a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists. is quality of quality_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. quality of this investigator role is a role of this person a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. is role of role_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. role of this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. has_function has function this apple has quality this red color a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. has_quality RO:0000086 uberon has_quality has_quality has quality has quality this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. has_role has role a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has disposition inverse of has disposition This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. disposition of the surface of my skin is a 2D boundary of my body a relation between a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary) and a material entity, in which the boundary delimits the material entity A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts. Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape. 2D_boundary_of boundary of is 2D boundary of is boundary of surface of 2D boundary of boundary_of my body has 2D boundary the surface of my skin a relation between a material entity and a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary), in which the boundary delimits the material entity A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts. Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape. has boundary has_2D_boundary RO:0002002 uberon has_boundary has_boundary has 2D boundary has 2D boundary has_boundary http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22402613 RO:0002005 uberon innervated_by innervated_by innervated_by innervated_by has synaptic terminal of A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:30:46Z RO:0002013 external has_regulatory_component_activity has_regulatory_component_activity has regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:31:01Z RO:0002014 external has_negative_regulatory_component_activity has_negative_regulatory_component_activity By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function. Internal regulatory functions are treated as components. For example, NMDA glutmate receptor activity is a cation channel activity with positive regulatory component 'glutamate binding' and negative regulatory components including 'zinc binding' and 'magnesium binding'. has negative regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:31:17Z By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function and internal regulatory functions are treated as components. So, for example calmodulin has a protein binding activity that has positive regulatory component activity calcium binding activity. Receptor tyrosine kinase activity is a tyrosine kinase activity that has positive regulatory component 'ligand binding'. has positive regulatory component activity dos 2017-05-24T09:44:33Z A 'has component activity' B if A is A and B are molecular functions (GO_0003674) and A has_component B. has component activity w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. dos 2017-05-24T09:49:21Z has component process dos 2017-09-17T13:52:24Z Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. directly regulated by Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. GOC:dos Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. dos 2017-09-17T13:52:38Z directly negatively regulated by Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. GOC:dos Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. dos 2017-09-17T13:52:47Z directly positively regulated by Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. GOC:dos A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. dos 2017-09-22T14:14:36Z This relation is designed for constructing compound molecular functions, typically in combination with one or more regulatory component activity relations. has effector activity A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. GOC:dos David Osumi-Sutherland X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after David Osumi-Sutherland starts_at_end_of RO:0002087 external uberon immediately_preceded_by immediately_preceded_by X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately preceded by immediately preceded by David Osumi-Sutherland ends_at_start_of meets RO:0002090 external immediately_precedes immediately_precedes X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes immediately precedes Relation between a neuron and an anatomical structure that its soma is part of. Relation between a neuron and an anatomical structure that its soma is part of. <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some ( <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043025> and <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some ?Y) BFO_0000051 some (GO_0043025 and BFO_0000050 some ?Y) RO:0002100 fly_anatomy.ontology has_soma_location has soma location Relation between a neuron and an anatomical structure that its soma is part of. Relation between a neuron and the neuron projection bundle it fasciculates with. FOL: x fasciculates_with y iff: exists some 'neuron ; CL_0000540'(x), some 'neuron projection bundle ; CARO_0001001'(y), some 'neuron projection ; GO_0043005'(np), np part_of x AND np overlaps y AND np aligned_with y relationship between a neuron and a neuron projection bundle (e.g.- tract or nerve bundle) that one or more of its projections travels through. fasciculates with (forall (?x ?y) (iff (fasciculates_with ?x ?y) (exists (?nps ?npbs) (and ("neuron ; CL_0000540" ?x) ("neuron projection bundle ; CARO_0001001" ?y) ("neuron projection segment ; CARO_0001502" ?nps) ("neuron projection bundle segment ; CARO_0001500' " ?npbs) (part_of ?npbs ?y) (part_of ?nps ?x) (part_of ?nps ?npbs) (forall (?npbss) (if (and ("neuron projection bundle subsegment ; CARO_0001501" ?npbss) (part_of ?npbss ?npbs) ) (overlaps ?nps ?npbss) )))))) RO:0002101 fly_anatomy.ontology fasciculates_with fasciculates with Relation between a neuron and the neuron projection bundle it fasciculates with. FOL: x fasciculates_with y iff: exists some 'neuron ; CL_0000540'(x), some 'neuron projection bundle ; CARO_0001001'(y), some 'neuron projection ; GO_0043005'(np), np part_of x AND np overlaps y AND np aligned_with y Relation between an anatomical structure (including cells) and a neuron that chemically synapses to it. Relation between an anatomical structure and a neuron that chemically synapses to it. <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045211> that part_of some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045202> that has_part some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042734> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some Y?))) BFO_0000051 some (GO_0045211 that BFO_0000050 some (GO_0045202 that BFO_0000051 some (GO_0042734 that BFO_0000050 some ?Y))) RO:0002103 fly_anatomy.ontology synapsed_by synapsed by Relation between an anatomical structure and a neuron that chemically synapses to it. Relation between a neuron and some structure (e.g.- a brain region) in which it receives (chemical) synaptic input. synapsed in BFO_0000051 some (GO_0045211 and BFO_0000050 some (GO_0045202 and BFO_0000050 some ?Y)) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ( http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#GO_0045211 and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ( http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#GO_0045202 and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y)) RO:0002110 fly_anatomy.ontology has_postsynaptic_terminals_in Relation between a neuron and the structure in which its dendrite receives synapses. has postsynaptic terminal in Relation between a neuron and some structure (e.g.- a brain region) in which it receives (chemical) synaptic input. synapses in <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042734> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045202> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some Y?) BFO_0000051 some (GO_0042734 that BFO_0000050 some (GO_0045202 that BFO_0000050 some ?Y)) RO:0002113 fly_anatomy.ontology has_presynaptic_terminals_in has presynaptic terminal in Relation between a neuron and an anatomical structure (including cells) that it chemically synapses to. Relation between a neuron and an anatomical structure that it chemically synapses to. <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042734> that part_of some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045202> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045211> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some Y?))) BFO_0000051 some (GO_0042734 that BFO_0000050 some (GO_0045202 that BFO_0000051 some (GO_0045211 that BFO_0000050 some ?Y))) RO:0002120 fly_anatomy.ontology synapsed_to N1 synapsed_to some N2 Expands to: N1 SubclassOf ( has_part some ( ‘pre-synaptic membrane ; GO:0042734’ that part_of some ( ‘synapse ; GO:0045202’ that has_part some ( ‘post-synaptic membrane ; GO:0045211’ that part_of some N2)))) synapsed to Relation between a neuron and an anatomical structure that it chemically synapses to. A general relation between a neuron and some structure in which it either chemically synapses to some target or in which it receives (chemical) synaptic input. A relation between a neuron and some structure in which it either chemically synapses to some target or in which it receives (chemical) synaptic input. has synapse in <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002131> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045202> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some Y?) RO_0002131 some (GO_0045202 and BFO_0000050 some ?Y) RO:0002130 fly_anatomy.ontology has_synaptic_terminals_in expands to - X overlaps some ('synapse ; GO_0045202' that part_of some ?Y) has synaptic terminal in A relation between a neuron and some structure in which it either chemically synapses to some target or in which it receives (chemical) synaptic input. x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) RO:0002131 external uberon overlaps overlaps overlaps overlaps true The relation between a neuron projection bundle and a neuron projection that is fasciculated with it. has fasciculating component (forall (?x ?y) (iff (has_fasciculating_neuron_projection ?x ?y) (exists (?nps ?npbs) (and ("neuron projection bundle ; CARO_0001001" ?x) ("neuron projection ; GO0043005" ?y) ("neuron projection segment ; CARO_0001502" ?nps) ("neuron projection bundle segment ; CARO_0001500" ?npbs) (part_of ?nps ?y) (part_of ?npbs ?x) (part_of ?nps ?npbs) (forall (?npbss) (if (and ("neuron projection bundle subsegment ; CARO_0001501" ?npbss) (part_of ?npbss ?npbs) ) (overlaps ?nps ?npbss) )))))) has fasciculating neuron projection Relation between a 'neuron projection bundle' and a region in which one or more of its component neuron projections either synapses to targets or receives synaptic input. T innervates some R Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. Relation between a 'neuron projection bundle' and a region in which one or more of its component neuron projections either synapses to targets or receives synaptic input. T innervates some R Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002132> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043005> that (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002131> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045202> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some Y?))) RO_0002132 some (GO_0043005 that (RO_0002131 some (GO_0045202 that BFO_0000050 some ?Y))) RO:0002134 fly_anatomy.ontology uberon innervates innervates innervates innervates Relation between a 'neuron projection bundle' and a region in which one or more of its component neuron projections either synapses to targets or receives synaptic input. T innervates some R Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. x partially overlaps y iff there exists some z such that z is part of x and z is part of y, and it is also the case that neither x is part of y or y is part of x We would like to include disjointness axioms with part_of and has_part, however this is not possible in OWL2 as these are non-simple properties and hence cannot appear in a disjointness axiom proper overlaps (forall (?x ?y) (iff (proper_overlaps ?x ?y) (and (overlaps ?x ?y) (not (part_of ?x ?y)) (not (part_of ?y ?x))))) RO:0002151 fly_anatomy.ontology partially_overlaps partially overlaps lactation SubClassOf 'only in taxon' some 'Mammalia' x only in taxon y if and only if x is in taxon y, and there is no other organism z such that y!=z a and x is in taxon z. The original intent was to treat this as a macro that expands to 'in taxon' only ?Y - however, this is not necessary if we instead have supplemental axioms that state that each pair of sibling tax have a disjointness axiom using the 'in taxon' property - e.g. 'in taxon' some Eukaryota DisjointWith 'in taxon' some Eubacteria RO:0002160 uberon only_in_taxon only_in_taxon only in taxon x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed. RO:0002162 uberon in_taxon in_taxon Connects a biological entity to its taxon of origin. in taxon a 'toe distal phalanx bone' that is connected to a 'toe medial phalanx bone' (an interphalangeal joint *connects* these two bones). a is connected to b if and only if a and b are discrete structure, and there exists some connecting structure c, such that c connects a and b RO:0002170 uberon connected_to connected_to connected to connected to https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Connectivity-Design-Pattern https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-articulations-Design-Pattern w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. The definition of 'has component' is still under discussion. The challenge is in providing a definition that does not imply transitivity. For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit. RO:0002180 external uberon has_component has_component has component has component p regulates q iff p is causally upstream of q, the execution of p is not constant and varies according to specific conditions, and p influences the rate or magnitude of execution of q due to an effect either on some enabler of q or some enabler of a part of q. GO Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process. regulates (processual) false RO:0002211 external gene_ontology regulates regulates regulates regulates p negatively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p decreases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. negatively regulates (process to process) RO:0002212 external gene_ontology negatively_regulates negatively_regulates negatively regulates negatively regulates p positively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p increases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. positively regulates (process to process) RO:0002213 external gene_ontology positively_regulates positively_regulates positively regulates positively regulates mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974) osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption' A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. has function realized in For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)". RO:0002215 external uberon capable_of capable_of capable of capable of c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. has function in RO:0002216 external uberon capable_of_part_of capable_of_part_of capable of part of capable of part of true Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporally related to inverse of starts with Chris Mungall Allen RO:0002223 uberon starts starts starts starts Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Chris Mungall started by RO:0002224 external uberon starts_with starts_with starts with starts with inverse of ends with Chris Mungall RO:0002229 uberon ends ends ends ends x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Chris Mungall finished by RO:0002230 external uberon ends_with ends_with ends with ends with x 'has starts location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'starts with' z and z 'occurs in' y starts with process that occurs in RO:0002231 external has_start_location has_start_location has start location has start location x 'has end location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'ends with' z and z 'occurs in' y ends with process that occurs in RO:0002232 external has_end_location has_end_location has end location has end location p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. consumes RO:0002233 external has_input has_input has input has input p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p. produces RO:0002234 external has_output has_output has output has output A faulty traffic light (material entity) whose malfunctioning (a process) is causally upstream of a traffic collision (a process): the traffic light acts upstream of the collision. c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes. acts upstream of A gene product that has some activity, where that activity may be a part of a pathway or upstream of the pathway. c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process. affects acts upstream of or within p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical entity and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss). This property and its subproperties are being used primarily for the definition of GO developmental processes. The property hierarchy mirrors the core GO hierarchy. In future we may be able to make do with a more minimal set of properties, but due to the way GO is currently structured we require highly specific relations to avoid incorrect entailments. To avoid this, the corresponding genus terms in GO should be declared mutually disjoint. RO:0002295 external results_in_developmental_progression_of results_in_developmental_progression_of results in developmental progression of results in developmental progression of an annotation of gene X to anatomical structure formation with results_in_formation_of UBERON:0000007 (pituitary gland) means that at the beginning of the process a pituitary gland does not exist and at the end of the process a pituitary gland exists. every "endocardial cushion formation" (GO:0003272) results_in_formation_of some "endocardial cushion" (UBERON:0002062) GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013 RO:0002297 external results_in_formation_of results_in_formation_of results in formation of results in formation of p is causally upstream of, positive effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p is required for the execution of q. RO:0002304 external causally_upstream_of,_positive_effect causally_upstream_of,_positive_effect holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y causally upstream of, positive effect p is causally upstream of, negative effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p decreases the execution of q. RO:0002305 external causally_upstream_of,_negative_effect causally_upstream_of,_negative_effect causally upstream of, negative effect q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of characteristic of part of inheres in part of characteristic of part of true A relationship that holds via some environmental process Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving the process of evolution. evolutionarily related to A mereological relationship or a topological relationship Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships mereotopologically related to A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502) Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving organismal development developmentally related to a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity c enables p iff c is capable of p and c acts to execute p. catalyzes executes has is catalyzing is executing This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized. enables A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function RO:0002328 uberon functionally_related_to functionally_related_to functionally related to functionally related to this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p. false part of structure that is capable of true c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p actively involved in enables part of involved in inverse of enables enabled by inverse of regulates regulated by (processual) RO:0002334 external regulated_by regulated_by regulated by regulated by inverse of negatively regulates RO:0002335 external negatively_regulated_by negatively_regulated_by negatively regulated by negatively regulated by inverse of positively regulates RO:0002336 external positively_regulated_by positively_regulated_by positively regulated by positively regulated by inverse of has input RO:0002352 uberon input_of input_of input of input of inverse of has output RO:0002353 external uberon output_of output_of output of output of formed as result of inverse of upstream of RO:0002404 external causally_downstream_of causally_downstream_of causally downstream of causally downstream of RO:0002405 external immediately_causally_downstream_of immediately_causally_downstream_of immediately causally downstream of immediately causally downstream of p indirectly positively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p positively regulates q. indirectly activates indirectly positively regulates p indirectly negatively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p negatively regulates q. indirectly inhibits indirectly negatively regulates relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative? The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causally related to relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q. RO:0002411 external causally_upstream_of causally_upstream_of causally upstream of causally upstream of p is immediately causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q, and the end of p is coincident with the beginning of q. RO:0002412 external immediately_causally_upstream_of immediately_causally_upstream_of immediately causally upstream of immediately causally upstream of p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q. We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2 influences (processual) RO:0002418 external affects causally_upstream_of_or_within causally_upstream_of_or_within causally upstream of or within inverse of causally upstream of or within RO:0002427 external causally_downstream_of_or_within causally_downstream_of_or_within causally downstream of or within c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p involved in regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p involved in positive regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p involved in negative regulation of c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union involved in or reguates involved in or involved in regulation of A protein that enables activity in a cytosol. c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. executes activity in enables activity in is active in true c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. GOC:cjm GOC:dos A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected. This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact. Considering relabeling as 'pairwise interacts with' Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules. in pairwise interaction with interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0914 An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other. binds molecularly binds with molecularly interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0915 Axiomatization to GO to be added later An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to y. phosphorylates The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B. molecularly controls directly regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B. directly inhibits molecularly decreases activity of directly negatively regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B. directly activates molecularly increases activity of directly positively regulates activity of This property or its subproperties is not to be used directly. These properties exist as helper properties that are used to support OWL reasoning. helper property (not for use in curation) p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c. has part that occurs in true is kinase activity See notes for inverse relation receives input from This is an exploratory relation. The label is taken from the FMA. It needs aligned with the neuron-specific relations such as has postsynaptic terminal in. sends output to A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in process p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between processes depends on The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between entities causally influenced by (entity-centric) causally influenced by interaction relation helper property http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ molecular interaction relation helper property The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size). causally influences (entity-centric) causally influences p directly regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q and p regulates q. directly regulates (processual) RO:0002578 external directly_regulates directly_regulates directly regulates gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell' s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p has part structure that is capable of p results in breakdown of c if and only if the execution of p leads to c no longer being present at the end of p results in breakdown of RO:0002588 external results_in_assembly_of results_in_assembly_of results in assembly of RO:0002590 external results_in_disassembly_of results_in_disassembly_of results in disassembly of p results in organization of c iff p results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of c RO:0002592 external results_in_organization_of results_in_organization_of results in organization of A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between material entity and a process pyrethroid -> growth Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p. capable of regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p. capable of negatively regulating renin -> arteriolar smooth muscle contraction Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p. capable of positively regulating Inverse of 'causal agent in process' RO:0002608 external process_has_causal_agent process_has_causal_agent process has causal agent p directly positively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p positively regulates q. directly positively regulates (process to process) RO:0002629 external directly_positively_regulates directly_positively_regulates directly positively regulates p directly negatively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p negatively regulates q. directly negatively regulates (process to process) RO:0002630 external directly_negatively_regulates directly_negatively_regulates directly negatively regulates a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix. RO:0003000 external uberon produces produces Note that this definition doesn't quite distinguish the output of a transformation process from a production process, which is related to the identity/granularity issue. produces produces a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a. RO:0003001 external uberon produced_by produced_by produced by produced by p 'has primary input ot output' c iff either (a) p 'has primary input' c or (b) p 'has primary output' c. 2018-12-13T11:26:17Z RO:0004007 external has_primary_input_or_output has_primary_input_or_output has primary input or output p has primary output c if (a) p has output c and (b) the goal of process is to modify, produce, or transform c. 2018-12-13T11:26:32Z RO:0004008 external has_primary_output has_primary_output has primary output p has primary output c if (a) p has output c and (b) the goal of process is to modify, produce, or transform c. GOC:cjm GOC:dph GOC:kva GOC:pt PMID:27812932 Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P. 2018-01-25T23:20:13Z enables subfunction 2018-01-26T23:49:30Z acts upstream of or within, positive effect 2018-01-26T23:49:51Z acts upstream of or within, negative effect c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive 2018-01-26T23:53:14Z acts upstream of, positive effect c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative 2018-01-26T23:53:22Z acts upstream of, negative effect 2018-03-13T23:55:05Z causally upstream of or within, negative effect 2018-03-13T23:55:19Z causally upstream of or within, positive effect The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B. regulates activity of p is indirectly causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q and there exists some process r such that p is causally upstream of r and r is causally upstream of q. pg 2022-09-26T06:07:17Z indirectly causally upstream of p indirectly regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p regulates q. pg 2022-09-26T06:08:01Z indirectly regulates s3 has_cross_section s3 if and only if : there exists some 2d plane that intersects the bearer of s3, and the impression of s3 upon that plane has shape quality s2. Example: a spherical object has the quality of being spherical, and the spherical quality has_cross_section round. has cross section s3 has_cross_section s3 if and only if : there exists some 2d plane that intersects the bearer of s3, and the impression of s3 upon that plane has shape quality s2. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen. X device utilizes material Y means X and Y are material entities, and X is capable of some process P that has input Y. A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen means that the diagnostic testing device is capable of an assay, and this assay a specimen as its input. See github ticket https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/issues/497 2021-11-08T12:00:00Z utilizes device utilizes material A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in the existence of C OR affects the intensity or magnitude of C. RO:0019000 gene_ontology regulates_characteristic regulates_characteristic regulates characteristic A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) positively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in an increase in the intensity or magnitude of C. RO:0019001 gene_ontology positively_regulates_characteristic positively_regulates_characteristic positively regulates characteristic A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) negatively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in a decrease in the intensity or magnitude of C. RO:0019002 gene_ontology negatively_regulates_characteristic negatively_regulates_characteristic negatively regulates characteristic p has anatomical participant c iff p has participant c, and c is an anatomical entity 2018-09-26T01:08:58Z RO:0040036 external results_in_changes_to_anatomical_or_cellular_structure results_in_changes_to_anatomical_or_cellular_structure results in changes to anatomical or cellular structure entity Entity Julius Caesar Verdi’s Requiem the Second World War your body mass index BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81 Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) entity Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf per discussion with Barry Smith An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) continuant Continuant An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240 Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] continuant Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] occurrent Occurrent An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players. Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] occurrent Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. per discussion with Barry Smith Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] ic IndependentContinuant a chair a heart a leg a molecule a spatial region an atom an orchestra. an organism the bottom right portion of a human torso the interior of your mouth A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] independent continuant b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] s-region SpatialRegion BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes. Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] spatial region Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. per discussion with Barry Smith A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] 2d-s-region TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion an infinitely thin plane in space. the surface of a sphere-shaped part of space A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001]) (forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001] two-dimensional spatial region A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001]) (forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001] process Process a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart a process of meiosis a process of sleeping the course of a disease the flight of a bird the life of an organism your process of aging. An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] process p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] disposition Disposition an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways. the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type. b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] disposition b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] realizable RealizableEntity the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity. the disposition of your blood to coagulate the function of your reproductive organs the role of being a doctor the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8815-0078 To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] realizable entity To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] 0d-s-region ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001] zero-dimensional spatial region A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001] quality Quality the ambient temperature of this portion of air the color of a tomato the length of the circumference of your waist the mass of this piece of gold. the shape of your nose the shape of your nostril a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] quality a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] sdc SpecificallyDependentContinuant Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates. the disposition of this fish to decay the function of this heart: to pump blood the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79 the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center the role of being a doctor the shape of this hole. the smell of this portion of mozzarella A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] specifically dependent continuant b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. per discussion with Barry Smith (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] role Role John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. the priest role the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories the role of a building in serving as a military target the role of a stone in marking a property boundary the role of subject in a clinical trial the student role A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives. b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] role b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] 1d-s-region OneDimensionalSpatialRegion an edge of a cube-shaped portion of space. A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001] one-dimensional spatial region A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001] site Site Manhattan Canyon) a hole in the interior of a portion of cheese a rabbit hole an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport the Grand Canyon the Piazza San Marco the cockpit of an aircraft the hold of a ship the interior of a kangaroo pouch the interior of the trunk of your car the interior of your bedroom the interior of your office the interior of your refrigerator the lumen of your gut your left nostril (a fiat part – the opening – of your left nasal cavity) b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002]) (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002] site b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002]) (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002] function Function the function of a hammer to drive in nails the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc. A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] function A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] material MaterialEntity a flame a forest fire a human being a hurricane a photon a puff of smoke a sea wave a tornado an aggregate of human beings. an energy wave an epidemic the undetached arm of a human being An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60 BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity. BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here. A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] material entity A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] immaterial ImmaterialEntity BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10 immaterial entity A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. CARO:0000000 Following BFO, material anatomical entities may have immaterial parts (the lumen of your stomach is part of your stomach). The granularity limit follows the limits set by the Gene Ontology on the granularity limit for GO:cellular_component. Note that substances produced by an organism (sweat, feaces, urine) do not need to be part of an organism to qualify as an anatomical structure. anatomical entity A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. CAROC:Brownsville2014 Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. CARO:0000003 Note that the definition does not say 'generated exclusively by the co-ordinated expression of the organism's own genome', so this is still valid for cases where normal morphogenesis requires the actions of a facultative symbiont, or some looser dependency such as the a requirement for the presence of gut flora for normal gut development. connected anatomical structure Examples include feces, urine, blood, blood plasma, lymph, hemolymph, cerbro-spinal fluid. This class does not encompass anatomical entities with inherent 3D structure such as dentine and arthropod cuticle. Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body and that does not have inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. portion of organism substance CARO:0000004 Note - CARO explicitly declares organisms substances to be part of (some) organism. organism substance An Immaterial anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes and that is bounded by an anatomical surface. CARO:0000005 Original definition: "Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures." The last clause. "contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures" was dropped from the definition because it was an unnecessary restriction. anatomical space An anatomical entity that has mass. CARO:0000006 material anatomical entity Anatomical entity that has no mass. CARO:0000007 immaterial anatomical entity A line between two points where these are typically used to measure some aspect of morphology, such as the distance between the eyes or the length of a leg. A one dimensional, immaterial anatomical entity. CARO:0000008 anatomical line The tip of the nose or other material anatomical entity, or the end of an anatomical line. Non-material anatomical entity of zero dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical line or surface. CARO:0000009 anatomical point A non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions. Anatomical boundaries are contiguous structures. Except in the case of abstracted fiat boundaries such as the midline plane of an organism, all 2D anatomical entities have a 3 dimensional projection. For example, the surface of the shell of a muscle has a distinct shape that projects into the third dimension. Note that boundaries are 2D structures. They have no thickness - and so can not be sites of gene expression or gene product localisation. For this, use boundary region terms. anatomical boundary Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. CARO:0000011 connected anatomical system Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a clade and, at some point in its life-cycle, consists of more than one cell. CARO:0000012 MH: Can't define this class based on 2 or more cells because most multi cellular organisms (if not all) have only a single cell at some point in life history. MH: sexual subtypes should probably be logically defined based on sexual processes or sex qualities. multicellular organism An anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. CL:0000000 GO:0005623 CARO:0000013 deprecate and replace with CL or GO term? cell Anatomical structure that is part of a cell and that has a granularity level equal to that of a protein complex or higher. cell component CARO:0000014 This is declared equivalent with GO:0044464. The definition should be co-ordinated with GO. We could obsolete the CARO class and just use the GO class. cell part Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ. CARO:0000019 compound organ component 1 An organ that consists of a single multi-tissue structure. CARO:0000021 simple organ 2 An organ consisting of multiple, distinct multi-tissue structures. CARO:0000024 compound organ Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes. CARO:0000027 male organism Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes. CARO:0000028 female organism Multi-cellular organism that can produce both male and female gametes. dioecious organism CARO:0000029 hermaphroditic organism dioecious organism RELATED Multi-cellular organism that does not produce gametes. CARO:0000030 asexual multi-cellular organism Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument. Old definition: Anatomical structure which is a primary subdivision of whole organism. The mereological sum of these is the whole organism. CARO:0000032 organism subdivision 0 0 An anatomical structure that has no cells or cell parts as a part. CARO:0000040 Example. Insect cuticle, eggshell, hair. acellular anatomical structure Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. CARO:0000041 anatomical cluster true Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. FMA:49443 A multicellular anatomical structure that is associated with an embryo and derived from the zygote from which it develops, but which does not contribute to the embryo proper or to structures that are part of the same organism after embryogenesis. CARO:0000042 MH: define as not part of embryo, or will not develop into embryo? MH: changed def to exclude cells so this class could be included in gross anatomical part. DOS: Changed to something that I think works for both vertebrates and invertebrates and that keeps the restriction to multicellular structures. Old def: "Anatomical structure that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue that will not contribute to the embryo.". One remaining question - perhaps zygote is too restrictive given that some organisms have parthenogenesis e.g. aphids? extraembryonic structure Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. relabel 'tissue'? portion of tissue CARO:0000043 tissue Hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of one sex, and then later of the other sex. consecutive hermaphroditic organism CARO:0000045 sequential hermaphroditic organism consecutive hermaphroditic organism RELATED Hermaphroditic organism that produces both male and female gametes at the same time. serially hermaphroditic organism CARO:0000046 synchronous hermaphroditic organism serially hermaphroditic organism RELATED Multi-cellular organism that has male and female sexes. monoecious organism CARO:0000048 gonochoristic organism monoecious organism RELATED Sequential hermaphroditic organism that produces\ngametes first of the male sex, and then later of the\nfemale sex. CARO:0000049 protandrous hermaphroditic organism Sequential hermaphroditic organism that produces\ngametes first of the female sex, and then later of the\nmale sex. CARO:0000050 protogynous hermaphroditic organism Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue. CARO:0000054 Obsoleted because the definition is too opaque. Also because this class was a subclass of 'anatomical structure' (CARO_0000003), but a similarly named class in the refactored caro (CARO_0020000) is a sibling of 'anatomical structure'. anatomical group true Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue. 2 Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types. CARO:0000055 multi-tissue structure Anatomical space that is part of a cell. CARO:0000062 cell space Portion of organism substance located within a cell. CARO:0000063 Deprecate this as better to leave it up to GO to define? portion of cell substance 1 Organism that consists of a single cell for all of its life-cycle. single-cell organism CARO:0000064 unicellular organism Acellular anatomical structure that consists of a thin sheet of fibrous proteins that underlie and support the cells of an epithelium. It separates the cells of an epithelium from any underlying tissue. CARO:0000065 basal lamina true Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. CARO:0000066 epithelium Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells. CARO:0000067 simple cuboidal epithelium Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of columnar cells. CARO:0000068 simple columnar epithlium Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells. CARO:0000069 multilaminar epithelium Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells. CARO:0000070 simple squamous epithelium Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers. CARO:0000071 atypical epithelium Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. CARO:0000072 cavitated compound organ Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. CARO:0000073 unilaminar epithelium Compound organ that does not contain macroscopic anatomical spaces. CARO:0000074 solid compound organ Cell which has as its part a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and which has apical-basal cell polarity. CARO:0000077 epithelial cell true A fluid that is circulated around a multicellular organism carrying nutrients and carrying away waste products. Examples: blood, lymph, hemolymph circulating fluid An appendage that is one of a bilateral pair. paired appendage unpaired appendage 2 A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part. multi-cell-component structure CARO:0001000 Examples: a bundle of neuron projections in the brain; a region neuropil in an arthropod central nervous system; a region of cortex (preikaryal rind) in an arthropod brain. multi-cell-part structure A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses. nerve fiber bundle CARO:0001001 neuron projection bundle nerve fiber bundle EXACT A two dimensional anatomical structure that is the boundary between an anatomical structure and an anatomical substance, an anatomical space or the organism's environment. Examples include the surface of your skin, the surface of the lining of your gut; the surface of the endothelium of you aorta that is in contact with blood. CARO:0000010 Old definition: "Non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures." Note, in the new definition, the space referred to is not necessarily an anatomical space. It may be the outside of an organism. anatomical surface A two dimensional anatomical entity that does not correspond to any physical discontinuity. Fiat anatomical boundaries are generally defined using external physical criteria as landmarks. One might argue that all boundaries are actually fiat in the sense that there must be some fiat element at a fine enough scale of granularity. This ontology choses to ignore this issue as below the level of granularity relevant to anatomy. (DOS121102) fiat anatomical boundary An anatomical boundary that corresponds to some physical discontinuity. One might argue that all boundaries are actually fiat in the sense that there must be some fiat element at a fine enough scale of granularity. This ontology choses to ignore this issue as below the level of granularity relevant to anatomy. (DOS121102) bona-fide anatomical boundary A two dimensional anatomical entity that is the boundary of a domain of expression of some gene. gene expression boundary A two dimensional anatomical entity that is not a morphological boundary and that cells do not cross during development. developmental compartment boundary A two dimensional anatomical structure that corresponds to some structural discontinuity. morphological boundary Anatomical structure that is part of a multicellular organism and is at the gross anatomical level, e.g. above the level of a cell. Included are portions of organism substances such as blood, multi-cell-part structures such as axon tracts, acellular anatomical structures such as hair, and organism subdivisions such as head. Excluded is the whole organism and more granular parts of the organism, such as atoms, molecules, macromolecular complexes and cells. 10.7.2011 gross anatomical part Anatomical structure that surrounds an immaterial anatomical entity. 10.10.2011 See CARO tracker #6, but essentially Chamber has connotations of space, rather than wall: see http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chamber This term is extremely abstract as a genus - it specifies no granularity at all. It could refer to a chamber in a protein complex in a membrane as easily as some big multi-tissue structure like a segment of gut. obsolete anatomical chamber true Material anatomical entity that is a member of an individual species or is a viral or viroid particle. Melissa Haendel 9/18/11 organism or virus or viroid organism All anatomical planes are fiat anatomical boundaries - no morphological boundary could ever be a perfect plane. anatomical plane A fiber-shaped subdivision of a neuron projection along its long axis. neuron projection bundle segment A fiber-shaped subdivision of a neuron projection along its long axis. A subdivision of a neuron projection along its long axis that is as long as it is wide (and so does not qualify as fiber-shaped). This term was added in order to define fasciculation relations. It seems unlikely that it will be used directly in curation. neuron projection bundle subsegment A subdivision of a neuron projection along its long axis that is as long as it is wide (and so does not qualify as fiber-shaped). Epithelium of the integumentary system. epidermis Connected anatomical system that forms a barrier between an animal and its environment - generally consisting of an epidermis, which may be covered by some acellular structure. integumentary system An anatomical group whose members are arranged in a line. Examples include the rows of sense organs commonly found in the cuticles of insects. aligned anatomical group Anatomical group whose parts are close together, forming a cluster. Not to be confused with anatomical cluster, in the FMA sense. FMA anatomical structures are connected structures made up of heterologous parts. For example, joints are anatomical clusters in the FMA. The FMA definition on anatomical cluster, and the CARO1 definition that was based on it, are defined largely by exclusion. clustered anatomical group Anatomical group whose parts are close together, forming a cluster. One of a set of semi-repetitive organism subdivisions serially arranged along the anterior-posterior axis of an organism and excluding appendages if present. segment body A subdivision of an appendage along its proximal-distal axis, consisting consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument. appendage subdivision Ceolom, cranial cavity, mammalian thoracic and abdominal body cavities, arthropod hemoceol. A major anatomical space of an organism in which major organs are located. obsolete body cavity true An anatomical structure consisting of multiple cells, organs, tissues, distributed throught an organism, that act together to perform some physiological function. Examples include connected systems such as the circulatory system - whose elements function together to perform the function or blood circulation - and disconected systems such as the immune system. anatomical system Examples include connected systems such as the circulatory system - whose elements function together to perform the function or blood circulation - and disconected systems such as the immune system. 2 An anatomical system consisting of multiple disconnected parts. Examples include the immune system and the endocrine system. disconnected anatomical system An anatomical system consisting of multiple disconnected parts. An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. djs93 Sun Feb 27 10:53:00 GMT 2011 CARO:0010000 multicellular anatomical structure There is a cost to burying this in PATO. We lose that we could relax the cardinality assertion to subClassOf has_part some cell. I'm sure having this axiom inherited would come in handy. DOS A small cluster of cells of various types which form a discrete structure, largely delimited by a morphological boundary and whose components work together to make the whole structure capable of a specific function. djs93 Sun Feb 27 11:00:35 GMT 2011 CARO:0010001 Examples include arthropod sensilla. cell cluster organ 2 An anatomical structure consisting of multiple cell cluster organs, largely delimited by a morphological boundary and whose components work together to make the whole structure capable of a specific function. djs93 Sun Feb 27 11:13:17 GMT 2011 CARO:0010002 Examples: compound eye; Johnston's organ. compound cell cluster organ An organism subdivision that protrudes from the body. djs93 Fri Mar 04 07:09:17 GMT 2011 CARO:0010003 appendage An individual member of a clade of cellular organisms. 7.16.2011 CARO:0010004 A general term for organism that is agnostic about single cell vs multi-cellular. Note that this is a subclass of 'anatomical structure', meaning that an organism must be a connected structure. For example, if I take one plant and make a rooted cutting from a it, I now have two (clonally related) organisms. cellular organism One of a set of semi-repetitive organism subdivisions serially arranged along the anterior-posterior axis of an organism, including appendages if present. djs93 Fri Mar 04 07:13:46 GMT 2011 metamere CARO:0010005 segment One of a set of semi-repetitive organism subdivisions serially arranged along the anterior-posterior axis of an organism, including appendages if present. A subdivision of the organism along the anterior-posterior axis that consists of multiple adjacent segments that are either fused, and/or share more structure with each other than with segments in adjacent tagmata. djs93 Fri Mar 04 07:14:57 GMT 2011 CARO:0010006 tagma One of a set of semi-repetitive organism subdivisions serially arranged along the proximal-distal axis of an appendage djs93 Fri Mar 04 07:16:21 GMT 2011 CARO:0010007 appendage segment An epithelium that is rolled into a tube. djs93 Wed Mar 09 06:22:07 GMT 2011 CARO:0010009 epithelial tube djs93 Wed Mar 09 08:02:50 GMT 2011 CARO:0010010 epithelial sac 2 Material anatomical entity consisting of multiple anatomical structures that are not connected to each other. CARO:0000054 disconnected anatomical group A multicellular anatomical structure that has subparts of multiple organs as a part. anatomical cluster CARO:0000041 Examples include joints of the vertebrate musculoskeletal system (each has (fiat) parts of multiple bone organs as a part). multi organ part structure A cluster of cells, largely surrounded by a morphological boundary. cell cluster A cluster of cells, largely surrounded by a morphological boundary. An anatomical structure consisting of one or more cells. 2018-09-28T14:20:19Z cellular anatomical structure With a reflexive part_of relation this might safely be defined as 'anatomical structure' that has_part some cell A multicellular anatomical structure largely delimited by a morphological boundary whose components work together to make the whole structure capable of a specific function. organ 1 An single tissue, largely surrounded by a morpholigical boundary, whose cells work together to make the whole structure capable of a specific function. single tissue organ Entity that is, is part of, or derived from an organism, virus, or viroid or a collection of them. Important for alignment with Darwin Core class "Organism". biological entity The mereological sum of all cells in a single organism in which expression of some specified gene occurs. expression pattern Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000548579903(13) u, or 0.51099906(15) MeV. -1 0.000548579903 0.0 KEGG:C05359 PMID:21614077 Wikipedia:Electron electron chebi_ontology Elektron beta beta(-) beta-particle e e(-) e- negatron CHEBI:10545 electron PMID:21614077 Europe PMC electron ChEBI electron IUPAC electron KEGG_COMPOUND Elektron ChEBI beta IUPAC beta(-) ChEBI beta-particle IUPAC e IUPAC e(-) UniProt e- KEGG_COMPOUND negatron IUPAC Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Mycoplasma genitalium. chebi_ontology Mycoplasma genitalium metabolites CHEBI:131604 Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite Mycoplasma genitalium metabolites ChEBI A class of carbonyl compound encompassing dicarboxylic acids and any derivatives obtained by substitution of either one or both of the carboxy hydrogens. chebi_ontology dicarboxylic acids and derivatives CHEBI:131927 dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives dicarboxylic acids and derivatives ChEBI Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa). Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas chebi_ontology gas molecular entities gaseous molecular entities gaseous molecular entity CHEBI:138675 gas molecular entity gas molecular entities ChEBI gaseous molecular entities ChEBI gaseous molecular entity ChEBI -1 CH2NO2 InChI=1S/CH3NO2/c2-1(3)4/h2H2,(H,3,4)/p-1 KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 60.03212 60.00910 NC([O-])=O Beilstein:3903503 CAS:302-11-4 Gmelin:239604 carbamate chebi_ontology Carbamat Karbamat carbamate ion carbamic acid, ion(1-) CHEBI:13941 carbamate Beilstein:3903503 Beilstein CAS:302-11-4 ChemIDplus Gmelin:239604 Gmelin carbamate IUPAC carbamate UniProt Carbamat ChEBI Karbamat ChEBI carbamate ion ChemIDplus carbamic acid, ion(1-) ChemIDplus Any saturated fatty acid containing 4 carbons. 0 CHO2R 45.017 44.99765 *C(O)=O chebi_ontology CHEBI:140601 fatty acid 4:0 An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of glutamic acid, having anionic carboxy groups and a cationic amino group -1 C5H8NO4 InChI=1S/C5H9NO4/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h3H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/p-1 WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 146.12136 146.04588 [NH3+]C(CCC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O Gmelin:327908 glutamate(1-) hydrogen glutamate chebi_ontology 2-ammoniopentanedioate glutamate glutamic acid monoanion CHEBI:14321 glutamate(1-) Gmelin:327908 Gmelin glutamate(1-) JCBN hydrogen glutamate IUPAC 2-ammoniopentanedioate IUPAC glutamate UniProt glutamic acid monoanion JCBN A molecular entity that can accept an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group from another molecular entity. CHEBI:13699 CHEBI:2377 KEGG:C00028 KEGG:C16722 Acceptor chebi_ontology A Akzeptor Hydrogen-acceptor Oxidized donor accepteur CHEBI:15339 acceptor Acceptor KEGG_COMPOUND A KEGG_COMPOUND Akzeptor ChEBI Hydrogen-acceptor KEGG_COMPOUND Oxidized donor KEGG_COMPOUND accepteur ChEBI A choline that is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine having three methyl substituents attached to the amino function. +1 C5H14NO InChI=1S/C5H14NO/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3/q+1 OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 104.17080 104.10699 C[N+](C)(C)CCO CHEBI:13985 CHEBI:23212 CHEBI:3665 CHEBI:41524 Beilstein:1736748 CAS:62-49-7 DrugBank:DB00122 Drug_Central:3097 ECMDB:ECMDB00097 Gmelin:324597 HMDB:HMDB0000097 KEGG:C00114 KEGG:D07690 KNApSAcK:C00007298 MetaCyc:CHOLINE PDBeChem:CHT PMID:10930630 PMID:12826235 PMID:12946691 PMID:14972364 PMID:16210714 PMID:17087106 PMID:17283071 PMID:17344490 PMID:18204095 PMID:18230680 PMID:18786517 PMID:18786520 PMID:19246089 PMID:20038853 PMID:20446114 PMID:22770225 PMID:22961562 PMID:23095202 PMID:23616508 PMID:23637565 PMID:23733158 PMID:6420466 PMID:7590654 PMID:9517478 Reaxys:1736748 Wikipedia:Choline YMDB:YMDB00227 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium Choline choline chebi_ontology Bilineurine CHOLINE ION N,N,N-trimethylethanol-ammonium N-trimethylethanolamine trimethylethanolamine CHEBI:15354 choline Beilstein:1736748 Beilstein CAS:62-49-7 ChemIDplus CAS:62-49-7 KEGG COMPOUND Drug_Central:3097 DrugCentral Gmelin:324597 Gmelin PMID:10930630 Europe PMC PMID:12826235 Europe PMC PMID:12946691 Europe PMC PMID:14972364 Europe PMC PMID:16210714 Europe PMC PMID:17087106 Europe PMC PMID:17283071 Europe PMC PMID:17344490 Europe PMC PMID:18204095 Europe PMC PMID:18230680 Europe PMC PMID:18786517 Europe PMC PMID:18786520 Europe PMC PMID:19246089 Europe PMC PMID:20038853 Europe PMC PMID:20446114 Europe PMC PMID:22770225 Europe PMC PMID:22961562 Europe PMC PMID:23095202 Europe PMC PMID:23616508 Europe PMC PMID:23637565 Europe PMC PMID:23733158 Europe PMC PMID:6420466 Europe PMC PMID:7590654 Europe PMC PMID:9517478 Europe PMC Reaxys:1736748 Reaxys 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium IUPAC Choline KEGG_COMPOUND choline UniProt Bilineurine KEGG_COMPOUND CHOLINE ION PDBeChem N,N,N-trimethylethanol-ammonium ChEBI N-trimethylethanolamine ChEBI trimethylethanolamine ChEBI Actylcholine is an ester of acetic acid and choline, which acts as a neurotransmitter. +1 C7H16NO2 InChI=1S/C7H16NO2/c1-7(9)10-6-5-8(2,3)4/h5-6H2,1-4H3/q+1 OIPILFWXSMYKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 146.20748 146.11756 CC(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C CHEBI:12686 CHEBI:13715 CHEBI:22197 CHEBI:2416 CHEBI:40559 Beilstein:1764436 CAS:51-84-3 DrugBank:DB03128 Drug_Central:65 Gmelin:326108 KEGG:C01996 LINCS:LSM-5888 PDBeChem:ACH PMID:14764638 PMID:15014918 PMID:15231705 PMID:15361288 PMID:18050502 PMID:18407448 PMID:19255787 PMID:20963497 PMID:21130809 PMID:21246223 PMID:21545631 PMID:21601579 Wikipedia:Acetylcholine 2-acetyloxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium ACETYLCHOLINE Acetylcholine acetylcholine chebi_ontology ACh Azetylcholin C7H16NO2 CC(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C InChI=1S/C7H16NO2/c1-7(9)10-6-5-8(2,3)4/h5-6H2,1-4H3/q+1 InChIKey=OIPILFWXSMYKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Acetylcholine choline acetate CHEBI:15355 acetylcholine Actylcholine is an ester of acetic acid and choline, which acts as a neurotransmitter. ANON:ANON Beilstein:1764436 ChemIDplus CAS:51-84-3 ChemIDplus CAS:51-84-3 KEGG COMPOUND Drug_Central:65 DrugCentral Gmelin:326108 Gmelin PMID:14764638 Europe PMC PMID:15014918 Europe PMC PMID:15231705 Europe PMC PMID:15361288 Europe PMC PMID:18050502 Europe PMC PMID:18407448 Europe PMC PMID:19255787 Europe PMC PMID:20963497 Europe PMC PMID:21130809 Europe PMC PMID:21246223 Europe PMC PMID:21545631 Europe PMC PMID:21601579 Europe PMC 2-acetyloxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium IUPAC 2-acetyloxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium IUPAC: ACETYLCHOLINE PDBeChem ACETYLCHOLINE PDBeChem: Acetylcholine KEGG COMPOUND: Acetylcholine KEGG_COMPOUND acetylcholine UniProt ACh ChemIDplus ACh ChemIDplus: Azetylcholin ChEBI Azetylcholin ChEBI: C7H16NO2 KEGG COMPOUND: CC(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C ChEBI: InChI=1S/C7H16NO2/c1-7(9)10-6-5-8(2,3)4/h5-6H2,1-4H3/q+1 ChEBI: InChIKey=OIPILFWXSMYKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ChEBI: O-Acetylcholine KEGG COMPOUND: O-Acetylcholine KEGG_COMPOUND choline acetate ChemIDplus choline acetate ChemIDplus: A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. 0 C2H4O2 InChI=1S/C2H4O2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4) QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 60.05200 60.02113 CC(O)=O CHEBI:22169 CHEBI:2387 CHEBI:40486 Beilstein:506007 CAS:64-19-7 Drug_Central:4211 Gmelin:1380 HMDB:HMDB0000042 KEGG:C00033 KEGG:D00010 KNApSAcK:C00001176 LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01010002 MetaCyc:ACET PDBeChem:ACT PDBeChem:ACY PMID:12005138 PMID:15107950 PMID:16630552 PMID:16774200 PMID:17190852 PMID:19416101 PMID:19469536 PMID:22153255 PMID:22173419 PPDB:1333 Reaxys:506007 Wikipedia:Acetic_acid ACETIC ACID Acetic acid acetic acid chebi_ontology AcOH CH3-COOH CH3CO2H E 260 E-260 E260 Essigsaeure Ethanoic acid Ethylic acid HOAc INS No. 260 MeCO2H MeCOOH Methanecarboxylic acid acide acetique ethoic acid CHEBI:15366 acetic acid Beilstein:506007 Beilstein CAS:64-19-7 ChemIDplus CAS:64-19-7 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:64-19-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:4211 DrugCentral Gmelin:1380 Gmelin LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01010002 LIPID MAPS PMID:12005138 Europe PMC PMID:15107950 Europe PMC PMID:16630552 Europe PMC PMID:16774200 Europe PMC PMID:17190852 Europe PMC PMID:19416101 Europe PMC PMID:19469536 Europe PMC PMID:22153255 Europe PMC PMID:22173419 Europe PMC Reaxys:506007 Reaxys ACETIC ACID PDBeChem Acetic acid KEGG_COMPOUND acetic acid IUPAC AcOH ChEBI CH3-COOH IUPAC CH3CO2H ChEBI E 260 ChEBI E-260 ChEBI E260 ChEBI Essigsaeure ChEBI Ethanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Ethylic acid ChemIDplus HOAc ChEBI INS No. 260 ChEBI MeCO2H ChEBI MeCOOH ChEBI Methanecarboxylic acid ChemIDplus acide acetique ChemIDplus ethoic acid ChEBI Any alpha-amino acid having L-configuration at the alpha-carbon. 0 C2H4NO2R 74.05870 74.02420 N[C@@H]([*])C(O)=O CHEBI:13072 CHEBI:13243 CHEBI:13797 CHEBI:21224 CHEBI:6175 KEGG:C00151 L-alpha-amino acid L-alpha-amino acids chebi_ontology L-2-Amino acid L-Amino acid L-alpha-amino acids CHEBI:15705 L-alpha-amino acid L-alpha-amino acid IUPAC L-alpha-amino acids IUPAC L-2-Amino acid KEGG_COMPOUND L-Amino acid KEGG_COMPOUND L-alpha-amino acids ChEBI A peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues. C4H6N2O3R2(C2H2NOR)n CHEBI:14860 CHEBI:8314 KEGG:C00403 Polypeptide polypeptides chebi_ontology Polypeptid polipeptido CHEBI:15841 polypeptide Polypeptide KEGG_COMPOUND polypeptides IUPAC Polypeptid ChEBI polipeptido ChEBI A nucleobase-containing molecular entity with a polymeric structure comprised of a linear sequence of 13 or more nucleotide residues. 0 (C5H8O6PR)n.C10H17O10PR2 CHEBI:13672 CHEBI:14859 CHEBI:8312 KEGG:C00419 Polynucleotide chebi_ontology polynucleotides CHEBI:15986 polynucleotide Polynucleotide KEGG_COMPOUND polynucleotides ChEBI An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms. 0 H3N InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3 QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 17.03056 17.02655 [H]N([H])[H] CHEBI:13405 CHEBI:13406 CHEBI:13407 CHEBI:13771 CHEBI:22533 CHEBI:44269 CHEBI:44284 CHEBI:44404 CHEBI:7434 Beilstein:3587154 CAS:7664-41-7 Drug_Central:4625 Gmelin:79 HMDB:HMDB0000051 KEGG:C00014 KEGG:D02916 KNApSAcK:C00007267 MetaCyc:AMMONIA MolBase:930 PDBeChem:NH3 PMID:110589 PMID:11139349 PMID:11540049 PMID:11746427 PMID:11783653 PMID:13753780 PMID:14663195 PMID:15092448 PMID:15094021 PMID:15554424 PMID:15969015 PMID:16008360 PMID:16050680 PMID:16348008 PMID:16349403 PMID:16614889 PMID:16664306 PMID:16842901 PMID:17025297 PMID:17439666 PMID:17569513 PMID:17737668 PMID:18670398 PMID:22002069 PMID:22081570 PMID:22088435 PMID:22100291 PMID:22130175 PMID:22150211 PMID:22240068 PMID:22290316 PMID:22342082 PMID:22385337 PMID:22443779 PMID:22560242 Reaxys:3587154 Wikipedia:Ammonia AMMONIA Ammonia ammonia azane chebi_ontology Ammoniak NH3 R-717 [NH3] ammoniac amoniaco spirit of hartshorn CHEBI:16134 ammonia Beilstein:3587154 Beilstein CAS:7664-41-7 ChemIDplus CAS:7664-41-7 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7664-41-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:4625 DrugCentral Gmelin:79 Gmelin PMID:110589 Europe PMC PMID:11139349 Europe PMC PMID:11540049 Europe PMC PMID:11746427 Europe PMC PMID:11783653 Europe PMC PMID:13753780 Europe PMC PMID:14663195 Europe PMC PMID:15092448 Europe PMC PMID:15094021 Europe PMC PMID:15554424 Europe PMC PMID:15969015 Europe PMC PMID:16008360 Europe PMC PMID:16050680 Europe PMC PMID:16348008 Europe PMC PMID:16349403 Europe PMC PMID:16614889 Europe PMC PMID:16664306 Europe PMC PMID:16842901 Europe PMC PMID:17025297 Europe PMC PMID:17439666 Europe PMC PMID:17569513 Europe PMC PMID:17737668 Europe PMC PMID:18670398 Europe PMC PMID:22002069 Europe PMC PMID:22081570 Europe PMC PMID:22088435 Europe PMC PMID:22100291 Europe PMC PMID:22130175 Europe PMC PMID:22150211 Europe PMC PMID:22240068 Europe PMC PMID:22290316 Europe PMC PMID:22342082 Europe PMC PMID:22385337 Europe PMC PMID:22443779 Europe PMC PMID:22560242 Europe PMC Reaxys:3587154 Reaxys AMMONIA PDBeChem Ammonia KEGG_COMPOUND ammonia IUPAC azane IUPAC Ammoniak ChemIDplus NH3 IUPAC NH3 KEGG_COMPOUND NH3 UniProt R-717 ChEBI [NH3] MolBase ammoniac ChEBI amoniaco ChEBI spirit of hartshorn ChemIDplus A naturally occurring polypeptide synthesized at the ribosome. CHEBI:8526 KEGG:C00017 chebi_ontology Protein a protein polypeptide chain protein polypeptide chains CHEBI:16541 protein polypeptide chain Protein KEGG_COMPOUND a protein UniProt polypeptide chain ChEBI protein polypeptide chains ChEBI Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc. 0 (C2H2NOR)nC2H3NOR CHEBI:14753 CHEBI:25906 CHEBI:7990 KEGG:C00012 Peptide peptides chebi_ontology C2H4NO2R(C2H2NOR)n Peptid peptido peptidos CHEBI:16670 peptide Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. ANON:ANON Peptide KEGG COMPOUND: Peptide KEGG_COMPOUND peptides IUPAC peptides IUPAC: C2H4NO2R(C2H2NOR)n KEGG COMPOUND: Peptid ChEBI Peptid ChEBI: peptido ChEBI peptido ChEBI: peptidos ChEBI peptidos ChEBI: An aminoalkylindole consisting of indole having a 2-aminoethyl group at the 3-position. 0 C10H12N2 InChI=1S/C10H12N2/c11-6-5-8-7-12-10-4-2-1-3-9(8)10/h1-4,7,12H,5-6,11H2 APJYDQYYACXCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 160.21570 160.10005 NCCc1c[nH]c2ccccc12 CHEBI:15274 CHEBI:27161 CHEBI:46157 CHEBI:9767 Beilstein:125513 CAS:61-54-1 DrugBank:DB08653 Gmelin:603448 HMDB:HMDB0000303 KEGG:C00398 KNApSAcK:C00001434 MetaCyc:TRYPTAMINE PDBeChem:TSS PMID:16126914 PMID:22770225 PMID:24345948 PMID:24558969 Reaxys:125513 Wikipedia:Tryptamine 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine Tryptamine chebi_ontology 1H-indole-3-ethanamine 2-(1H-INDOL-3-YL)ETHANAMINE 2-(3-indolyl)ethylamine 3-(2-Aminoethyl)indole CHEBI:16765 tryptamine Beilstein:125513 Beilstein CAS:61-54-1 ChemIDplus CAS:61-54-1 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:61-54-1 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:603448 Gmelin PMID:16126914 Europe PMC PMID:22770225 Europe PMC PMID:24345948 Europe PMC PMID:24558969 Europe PMC Reaxys:125513 Reaxys 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine IUPAC Tryptamine KEGG_COMPOUND 1H-indole-3-ethanamine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 2-(1H-INDOL-3-YL)ETHANAMINE PDBeChem 2-(3-indolyl)ethylamine ChemIDplus 3-(2-Aminoethyl)indole KEGG_COMPOUND A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4. An amino fatty acid composed of butanoic acid with the amino substituent at C-4. 0 C4H9NO2 InChI=1S/C4H9NO2/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7/h1-3,5H2,(H,6,7) BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 103.11980 103.06333 NCCCC(O)=O CHEBI:1786 CHEBI:193777 CHEBI:20318 CHEBI:40483 BPDB:2298 Beilstein:906818 CAS:56-12-2 DrugBank:DB02530 Drug_Central:1262 Gmelin:49775 HMDB:HMDB0000112 KEGG:C00334 KEGG:D00058 KNApSAcK:C00001337 LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01100039 MetaCyc:4-AMINO-BUTYRATE PDBeChem:ABU PMID:10630630 PMID:10930630 PMID:16276116 PMID:21614609 PMID:22770225 Reaxys:906818 Wikipedia:Gamma-Aminobutyric_acid 4-aminobutanoic acid gamma-Aminobutyric acid gamma-aminobutyric acid chebi_ontology 4-Aminobutanoic acid 4-Aminobutyric acid 4-aminobutanoic acid 4-aminobutyric acid 4Abu C4H9NO2 GABA GAMMA-AMINO-BUTANOIC ACID InChI=1S/C4H9NO2/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7/h1-3,5H2,(H,6,7) InChIKey=BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N NCCCC(O)=O gamma-Aminobuttersaeure gamma-amino-n-butyric acid gamma-aminobutanoic acid omega-aminobutyric acid piperidic acid piperidinic acid CHEBI:16865 gamma-aminobutyric acid An amino fatty acid composed of butanoic acid with the amino substituent at C-4. ANON:ANON Beilstein:906818 Beilstein CAS:56-12-2 ChemIDplus CAS:56-12-2 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:56-12-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:1262 DrugCentral Gmelin:49775 Gmelin LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01100039 LIPID MAPS PMID:10630630 Europe PMC PMID:10930630 Europe PMC PMID:16276116 Europe PMC PMID:21614609 Europe PMC PMID:22770225 Europe PMC Reaxys:906818 Reaxys 4-aminobutanoic acid IUPAC 4-aminobutanoic acid IUPAC: gamma-Aminobutyric acid KEGG COMPOUND: gamma-Aminobutyric acid KEGG_COMPOUND gamma-aminobutyric acid NIST Chemistry WebBook: gamma-aminobutyric acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 4-Aminobutanoic acid KEGG COMPOUND: 4-Aminobutanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND 4-Aminobutyric acid KEGG COMPOUND: 4-Aminobutyric acid KEGG_COMPOUND 4-aminobutanoic acid ChEBI 4-aminobutanoic acid ChEBI: 4-aminobutanoic acid UniProt: 4-aminobutyric acid ChEBI 4-aminobutyric acid ChEBI: 4Abu ChEBI C4H9NO2 KEGG COMPOUND: GABA IUPHAR GABA IUPHAR: GABA KEGG_COMPOUND GAMMA-AMINO-BUTANOIC ACID PDBeChem GAMMA-AMINO-BUTANOIC ACID PDBeChem: InChI=1S/C4H9NO2/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7/h1-3,5H2,(H,6,7) ChEBI: InChIKey=BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ChEBI: NCCCC(O)=O ChEBI: gamma-Aminobuttersaeure NIST Chemistry WebBook: gamma-Aminobuttersaeure NIST_Chemistry_WebBook gamma-amino-n-butyric acid NIST Chemistry WebBook: gamma-amino-n-butyric acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook gamma-aminobutanoic acid NIST Chemistry WebBook: gamma-aminobutanoic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook omega-aminobutyric acid NIST Chemistry WebBook: omega-aminobutyric acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook piperidic acid ChemIDplus piperidic acid ChemIDplus: piperidinic acid ChemIDplus piperidinic acid ChemIDplus: A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by a 2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl group. A biogenic phenylethanolamine which has been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone or neuromodulator in invertebrates. Octopamine is a biogenic phenylethanolamine, which has been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone or neuromodulator in invertebrates. 0 C8H11NO2 InChI=1S/C8H11NO2/c9-5-8(11)6-1-3-7(10)4-2-6/h1-4,8,10-11H,5,9H2 QHGUCRYDKWKLMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 153.17848 153.07898 NCC(O)c1ccc(O)cc1 CHEBI:11191 CHEBI:25655 CHEBI:571 Beilstein:1211019 CAS:104-14-3 Drug_Central:3396 KEGG:C04227 LINCS:LSM-4975 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol Octopamine chebi_ontology 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol C8H11NO2 InChI=1S/C8H11NO2/c9-5-8(11)6-1-3-7(10)4-2-6/h1-4,8,10-11H,5,9H2 InChIKey=QHGUCRYDKWKLMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N NCC(O)c1ccc(O)cc1 Octopamin alpha-(aminomethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenemethanol alpha-(aminomethyl)-p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol beta-hydroxytyramine norsynephrine octopaminum p-Hydroxyphenylethanolamine CHEBI:17134 octopamine Octopamine is a biogenic phenylethanolamine, which has been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone or neuromodulator in invertebrates. ANON:ANON Beilstein:1211019 ChemIDplus CAS:104-14-3 ChemIDplus CAS:104-14-3 KEGG COMPOUND Drug_Central:3396 DrugCentral 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol IUPAC 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol IUPAC: Octopamine KEGG COMPOUND: Octopamine KEGG_COMPOUND 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol KEGG COMPOUND: 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol KEGG_COMPOUND 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol ChemIDplus 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol ChemIDplus: C8H11NO2 KEGG COMPOUND: InChI=1S/C8H11NO2/c9-5-8(11)6-1-3-7(10)4-2-6/h1-4,8,10-11H,5,9H2 ChEBI: InChIKey=QHGUCRYDKWKLMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ChEBI: NCC(O)c1ccc(O)cc1 ChEBI: Octopamin ChEBI Octopamin ChEBI: alpha-(aminomethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenemethanol ChemIDplus alpha-(aminomethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenemethanol ChemIDplus: alpha-(aminomethyl)-p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol ChemIDplus alpha-(aminomethyl)-p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol ChemIDplus: beta-hydroxytyramine ChEBI beta-hydroxytyramine ChEBI: norsynephrine ChemIDplus norsynephrine ChemIDplus: octopaminum ChemIDplus octopaminum ChemIDplus: p-Hydroxyphenylethanolamine KEGG COMPOUND: p-Hydroxyphenylethanolamine KEGG_COMPOUND A molecular entity that can transfer ("donate") an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group to another molecular entity. CHEBI:14202 CHEBI:4697 KEGG:C01351 Donor chebi_ontology Donator donneur CHEBI:17891 donor Donor KEGG_COMPOUND Donator ChEBI donneur ChEBI A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. -1 C4H7O2 InChI=1S/C4H8O2/c1-2-3-4(5)6/h2-3H2,1H3,(H,5,6)/p-1 FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 87.09718 87.04515 CCCC([O-])=O CHEBI:13924 CHEBI:22946 Beilstein:3601060 CAS:461-55-2 Gmelin:324289 KEGG:C00246 MetaCyc:BUTYRIC_ACID PMID:17190852 PMID:7496326 Reaxys:3601060 UM-BBD_compID:c0035 butanoate butyrate chebi_ontology 1-butanoate 1-butyrate 1-propanecarboxylate CH3-[CH2]2-COO(-) butanate butanoate butanoic acid, ion(1-) n-butanoate n-butyrate propanecarboxylate propylformate CHEBI:17968 butyrate Beilstein:3601060 Beilstein CAS:461-55-2 ChemIDplus Gmelin:324289 Gmelin PMID:17190852 Europe PMC PMID:7496326 Europe PMC Reaxys:3601060 Reaxys UM-BBD_compID:c0035 UM-BBD butanoate IUPAC butyrate IUPAC 1-butanoate ChEBI 1-butyrate ChEBI 1-propanecarboxylate ChEBI CH3-[CH2]2-COO(-) IUPAC butanate ChEBI butanoate ChEBI butanoate UniProt butanoic acid, ion(1-) ChemIDplus n-butanoate ChEBI n-butyrate ChemIDplus propanecarboxylate ChEBI propylformate ChEBI 'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids. CHEBI:14517 CHEBI:25054 CHEBI:6486 KEGG:C01356 Lipid lipid lipids chebi_ontology CHEBI:18059 lipid 'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids. ANON:ANON Lipid KEGG COMPOUND: Lipid KEGG_COMPOUND lipid UniProt: lipids IUPAC lipids IUPAC: An alpha-amino acid that has formula C5H9NO4. An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. 0 C5H9NO4 InChI=1S/C5H9NO4/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h3H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10) WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 147.12930 147.05316 NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O CHEBI:24314 CHEBI:5431 Beilstein:1723799 CAS:617-65-2 Gmelin:101971 KEGG:C00302 KEGG:D04341 KNApSAcK:C00001358 KNApSAcK:C00019577 PMID:15739367 PMID:17190852 PMID:24616376 PMID:24984001 Reaxys:1723799 Wikipedia:Glutamic_acid 2-aminopentanedioic acid Glutamic acid glutamic acid chebi_ontology 2-Aminoglutaric acid C5H9NO4 DL-Glutamic acid DL-Glutaminic acid E Glu Glutamate Glutaminic acid Glutaminsaeure InChI=1S/C5H9NO4/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h3H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10) InChIKey=WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O CHEBI:18237 glutamic acid An alpha-amino acid that has formula C5H9NO4. ANON:ANON Beilstein:1723799 Beilstein CAS:617-65-2 ChemIDplus CAS:617-65-2 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:617-65-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:101971 Gmelin PMID:15739367 Europe PMC PMID:17190852 Europe PMC PMID:24616376 Europe PMC PMID:24984001 Europe PMC Reaxys:1723799 Reaxys 2-aminopentanedioic acid IUPAC 2-aminopentanedioic acid IUPAC: Glutamic acid KEGG_COMPOUND glutamic acid IUPAC glutamic acid IUPAC: 2-Aminoglutaric acid KEGG COMPOUND: 2-Aminoglutaric acid KEGG_COMPOUND C5H9NO4 KEGG COMPOUND: DL-Glutamic acid KEGG_DRUG DL-Glutaminic acid KEGG_COMPOUND E ChEBI Glu ChEBI Glutamate KEGG_COMPOUND Glutaminic acid KEGG COMPOUND: Glutaminic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Glutaminsaeure ChEBI Glutaminsaeure ChEBI: InChI=1S/C5H9NO4/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h3H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10) ChEBI: InChIKey=WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ChEBI: NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O ChEBI: Catechol in which the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group. 0 C8H11NO2 InChI=1S/C8H11NO2/c9-4-3-6-1-2-7(10)8(11)5-6/h1-2,5,10-11H,3-4,9H2 VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 153.17840 153.07898 NCCc1ccc(O)c(O)c1 CHEBI:11695 CHEBI:11930 CHEBI:14203 CHEBI:1764 CHEBI:23886 CHEBI:43686 CAS:51-61-6 DrugBank:DB00988 Drug_Central:947 HMDB:HMDB0000073 KEGG:C03758 KEGG:D07870 KNApSAcK:C00001408 LINCS:LSM-4630 MetaCyc:DOPAMINE PMID:10629745 PMID:11149432 PMID:9422813 Reaxys:1072822 Wikipedia:Dopamine 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol Dopamine chebi_ontology 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine 3,4-Dihydroxyphenethylamine 3-Hydroxytyramine 4-(2-Aminoethyl)-1,2-benzenediol 4-(2-Aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol 4-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-benzenediol 4-(2-aminoethyl)catechol 4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol C8H11NO2 Deoxyepinephrine Hydroxytyramin InChI=1S/C8H11NO2/c9-4-3-6-1-2-7(10)8(11)5-6/h1-2,5,10-11H,3-4,9H2 InChIKey=VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N NCCc1ccc(O)c(O)c1 dopamina dopamine dopaminum CHEBI:18243 dopamine Catechol in which the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group. ANON:ANON CAS:51-61-6 ChemIDplus Drug_Central:947 DrugCentral PMID:10629745 Europe PMC PMID:11149432 Europe PMC PMID:9422813 Europe PMC Reaxys:1072822 Reaxys 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol IUPAC 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol IUPAC: Dopamine KEGG COMPOUND: Dopamine KEGG_COMPOUND 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine KEGG COMPOUND: 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine KEGG_COMPOUND 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine ChEBI 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine ChEBI: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenethylamine KEGG COMPOUND: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenethylamine KEGG_COMPOUND 3-Hydroxytyramine ChemIDplus 3-Hydroxytyramine ChemIDplus: 4-(2-Aminoethyl)-1,2-benzenediol KEGG COMPOUND: 4-(2-Aminoethyl)-1,2-benzenediol KEGG_COMPOUND 4-(2-Aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol KEGG COMPOUND: 4-(2-Aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol KEGG_COMPOUND 4-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-benzenediol ChEBI 4-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-benzenediol ChEBI: 4-(2-aminoethyl)catechol ChemIDplus 4-(2-aminoethyl)catechol ChemIDplus: 4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol ChemIDplus 4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol ChemIDplus: C8H11NO2 KEGG COMPOUND: Deoxyepinephrine DrugBank Deoxyepinephrine DrugBank: Hydroxytyramin DrugBank Hydroxytyramin DrugBank: InChI=1S/C8H11NO2/c9-4-3-6-1-2-7(10)8(11)5-6/h1-2,5,10-11H,3-4,9H2 ChEBI: InChIKey=VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ChEBI: NCCc1ccc(O)c(O)c1 ChEBI: dopamina ChemIDplus dopamina ChemIDplus: dopamine ChEBI dopamine ChEBI: dopaminum ChemIDplus dopaminum ChemIDplus: That part of DNA or RNA that may be involved in pairing. CHEBI:13873 CHEBI:25598 CHEBI:2995 KEGG:C00701 Wikipedia:Nucleobase chebi_ontology Base nucleobases CHEBI:18282 nucleobase Base KEGG_COMPOUND nucleobases ChEBI A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole substituted at position C-4 by a 2-aminoethyl group. An aralkylamine that has formula C5H9N3. 0 C5H9N3 InChI=1S/C5H9N3/c6-2-1-5-3-7-4-8-5/h3-4H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,8) NTYJJOPFIAHURM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 111.14518 111.07965 NCCc1c[nH]cn1 CHEBI:14401 CHEBI:24596 CHEBI:43187 CHEBI:817 Beilstein:2012 CAS:51-45-6 Drug_Central:1375 Gmelin:2968 HMDB:HMDB0000870 KEGG:C00388 KEGG:D08040 KNApSAcK:C00001414 MetaCyc:HISTAMINE PDBeChem:HSM PMID:16399866 PMID:19547708 PMID:19843401 PMID:22770225 PMID:24101735 Reaxys:2012 Wikipedia:Histamine 2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine HISTAMINE Histamine chebi_ontology 1H-Imidazole-4-ethanamine 2-(4-Imidazolyl)ethylamine C5H9N3 InChI=1S/C5H9N3/c6-2-1-5-3-7-4-8-5/h3-4H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,8) InChIKey=NTYJJOPFIAHURM-UHFFFAOYSA-N NCCc1c[nH]cn1 CHEBI:18295 histamine An aralkylamine that has formula C5H9N3. ANON:ANON Beilstein:2012 Beilstein CAS:51-45-6 ChemIDplus CAS:51-45-6 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:51-45-6 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:1375 DrugCentral Gmelin:2968 Gmelin PMID:16399866 Europe PMC PMID:19547708 Europe PMC PMID:19843401 Europe PMC PMID:22770225 Europe PMC PMID:24101735 Europe PMC Reaxys:2012 Reaxys 2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine IUPAC 2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine IUPAC: HISTAMINE PDBeChem HISTAMINE PDBeChem: Histamine KEGG COMPOUND: Histamine KEGG_COMPOUND 1H-Imidazole-4-ethanamine KEGG COMPOUND: 1H-Imidazole-4-ethanamine KEGG_COMPOUND 2-(4-Imidazolyl)ethylamine KEGG COMPOUND: 2-(4-Imidazolyl)ethylamine KEGG_COMPOUND C5H9N3 KEGG COMPOUND: InChI=1S/C5H9N3/c6-2-1-5-3-7-4-8-5/h3-4H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,8) ChEBI: InChIKey=NTYJJOPFIAHURM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ChEBI: NCCc1c[nH]cn1 ChEBI: An organic group formed by removing one or more hydroxy groups from an oxoacid that has the general structure RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0). Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, with carboxylic acid as the oxoacid, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids. acyl group alkanoyl chebi_ontology acyl groups alkanoyl group groupe acyle CHEBI:22221 acyl group acyl group IUPAC alkanoyl IUPAC acyl groups ChEBI alkanoyl group ChEBI groupe acyle IUPAC Any of the naturally occurring, basic nitrogen compounds (mostly heterocyclic) occurring mostly in the plant kingdom, but also found in bacteria, fungi, and animals. By extension, certain neutral compounds biogenetically related to basic alkaloids are also classed as alkaloids. Amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, amino sugars and antibiotics are not normally regarded as alkaloids. Compounds in which the nitrogen is exocyclic (dopamine, mescaline, serotonin, etc.) are usually classed as amines rather than alkaloids. Wikipedia:Alkaloid Alkaloid alkaloids chebi_ontology Alkaloide alcaloide alcaloides CHEBI:22315 alkaloid Alkaloid ChEBI alkaloids IUPAC Alkaloide ChEBI alcaloide ChEBI alcaloides ChEBI Any amine formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by alkyl groups. chebi_ontology CHEBI:22331 alkylamines An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group. chebi_ontology amino alcohols aminoalcohol aminoalcohols CHEBI:22478 amino alcohol An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group. ANON:ANON amino alcohols ChEBI amino alcohols ChEBI: aminoalcohol ChEBI aminoalcohol ChEBI: aminoalcohols ChEBI aminoalcohols ChEBI: A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron. Anion anion chebi_ontology Anionen aniones anions CHEBI:22563 anion Anion ChEBI anion ChEBI anion IUPAC Anionen ChEBI aniones ChEBI anions IUPAC A molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron (Bronsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other molecular entity (Lewis base). KEGG:C00701 Base base chebi_ontology Base1 Base2 Basen Nucleobase bases CHEBI:22695 base Base ChEBI base ChEBI base IUPAC Base1 KEGG_COMPOUND Base2 KEGG_COMPOUND Basen ChEBI Nucleobase KEGG_COMPOUND bases ChEBI chebi_ontology benzopyrroles CHEBI:22728 benzopyrrole benzopyrroles ChEBI benzopyrroles ChEBI: The univalent carboacyl group formed by loss of -OH from the carboxy group of carbamic acid. 0 CH2NO 44.03272 44.01364 *C(N)=O PMID:24168430 carbamoyl chebi_ontology -C(O)NH2 -CONH2 aminocarbonyl carbamyl carbamyl group carboxamide CHEBI:23004 carbamoyl group PMID:24168430 Europe PMC carbamoyl IUPAC -C(O)NH2 ChEBI -CONH2 IUPAC aminocarbonyl IUPAC carbamyl ChEBI carbamyl group ChEBI carboxamide IUPAC 0 CO 28.01010 27.99491 O=C(*)* carbonyl carbonyl group chebi_ontology >C=O CHEBI:23019 carbonyl group carbonyl IUPAC carbonyl group ChEBI carbonyl group UniProt >C=O IUPAC CHEBI:3666 chebi_ontology choline esters CHEBI:23213 choline ester choline esters ChEBI choline esters ChEBI: A quaternary ammonium ion based on the choline ion and its substituted derivatives thereof. chebi_ontology CHEBI:23217 cholines An organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely (coenzyme) or tightly (prosthetic group). Wikipedia:Cofactor_(biochemistry) cofactor cofactors chebi_ontology CHEBI:23357 cofactor cofactor IUPAC cofactors IUPAC Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. molecular entity chebi_ontology entidad molecular entidades moleculares entite moleculaire molecular entities molekulare Entitaet CHEBI:23367 molecular entity Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. ANON:ANON molecular entity IUPAC molecular entity IUPAC: entidad molecular IUPAC entidad molecular IUPAC: entidades moleculares IUPAC entidades moleculares IUPAC: entite moleculaire IUPAC entite moleculaire IUPAC: molecular entities IUPAC molecular entities IUPAC: molekulare Entitaet ChEBI molekulare Entitaet ChEBI: An azole that is either one of a pair of heterocyclic organic compounds comprising three carbon atoms and two nitrogen atoms arranged in a ring. Either one of a pair of heterocyclic organic compounds comprising three carbon atoms and two nitrogen atoms arranged in a ring. chebi_ontology diazoles CHEBI:23677 diazole Either one of a pair of heterocyclic organic compounds comprising three carbon atoms and two nitrogen atoms arranged in a ring. ANON:ANON diazoles ChEBI diazoles ChEBI: A compound that contains two hydroxy groups, generally assumed to be, but not necessarily, alcoholic. Aliphatic diols are also called glycols. Wikipedia:Diol diols chebi_ontology CHEBI:23824 diol A compound that contains two hydroxy groups, generally assumed to be, but not necessarily, alcoholic. Aliphatic diols are also called glycols. ANON:ANON diols IUPAC diols IUPAC: Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances. chebi_ontology drugs medicine CHEBI:23888 drug drugs ChEBI medicine ChEBI A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. enzyme inhibitor chebi_ontology enzyme inhibitors inhibidor enzimatico inhibidores enzimaticos inhibiteur enzymatique inhibiteurs enzymatiques CHEBI:23924 enzyme inhibitor enzyme inhibitor IUPAC enzyme inhibitors ChEBI inhibidor enzimatico ChEBI inhibidores enzimaticos ChEBI inhibiteur enzymatique ChEBI inhibiteurs enzymatiques ChEBI chebi_ontology ethanolamine CHEBI:23981 ethanolamines ethanolamine ChEBI ethanolamine ChEBI: An L-alpha-amino acid which is L-glutamic acid or any of the essential amino acids biosynthesised from it (glutamine, proline and arginine). A closed class. PMID:20716061 chebi_ontology glutamine family amino acids CHEBI:24318 glutamine family amino acid PMID:20716061 Europe PMC glutamine family amino acids ChEBI A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. chemical entity chebi_ontology CHEBI:24431 chemical entity A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. ANON:ANON chemical entity UniProt A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. chebi_ontology biological function CHEBI:24432 biological role biological function ChEBI A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity. group chebi_ontology Gruppe Rest groupe grupo grupos CHEBI:24433 group group IUPAC Gruppe ChEBI Rest ChEBI groupe IUPAC grupo IUPAC grupos IUPAC A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element. chebi_ontology organic heterocycle organic heterocyclic compounds CHEBI:24532 organic heterocyclic compound A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element. ANON:ANON organic heterocycle ChEBI organic heterocycle ChEBI: organic heterocyclic compounds ChEBI organic heterocyclic compounds ChEBI: Originally referring to an endogenous compound that is formed in specialized organ or group of cells and carried to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory function, the term is now commonly used to include non-endogenous, semi-synthetic and fully synthetic analogues of such compounds. chebi_ontology endocrine hormones CHEBI:24621 hormone endocrine ChEBI hormones ChEBI Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). chebi_ontology CHEBI:24651 hydroxides Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). ANON:ANON A five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton. chebi_ontology CHEBI:24780 imidazoles A five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton. ANON:ANON Any compound containing an indole skeleton. chebi_ontology CHEBI:24828 indoles Any compound containing an indole skeleton. ANON:ANON A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). oxoacid oxoacids chebi_ontology oxacids oxiacids oxo acid oxy-acids oxyacids CHEBI:24833 oxoacid A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). ANON:ANON oxoacid IUPAC oxoacid IUPAC: oxoacids IUPAC oxoacids IUPAC: oxacids ChEBI oxacids ChEBI: oxiacids ChEBI oxiacids ChEBI: oxo acid ChEBI oxo acid ChEBI: oxy-acids ChEBI oxy-acids ChEBI: oxyacids ChEBI oxyacids ChEBI: chebi_ontology inorganic anions CHEBI:24834 inorganic anion inorganic anions ChEBI A molecular entity that contains no carbon. chebi_ontology anorganische Verbindungen inorganic compounds inorganic entity inorganic molecular entities inorganics CHEBI:24835 inorganic molecular entity anorganische Verbindungen ChEBI inorganic compounds ChEBI inorganic entity ChEBI inorganic molecular entities ChEBI inorganics ChEBI A molecular entity having a net electric charge. Ion ion chebi_ontology Ionen iones ions CHEBI:24870 ion A molecular entity having a net electric charge. ANON:ANON Ion ChEBI Ion ChEBI: ion ChEBI ion ChEBI: ion IUPAC ion IUPAC: Ionen ChEBI Ionen ChEBI: iones ChEBI iones ChEBI: ions ChEBI ions ChEBI: Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites. CHEBI:26619 CHEBI:35220 metabolite chebi_ontology metabolites primary metabolites secondary metabolites CHEBI:25212 metabolite metabolite IUPAC metabolites ChEBI primary metabolites ChEBI secondary metabolites ChEBI Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. molecule chebi_ontology Molekuel molecula molecules neutral molecular compounds CHEBI:25367 molecule molecule IUPAC Molekuel ChEBI molecula IUPAC molecules IUPAC neutral molecular compounds IUPAC A group of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan. chebi_ontology monamines monoamines CHEBI:25375 monoamine molecular messenger monamines ChEBI monoamines ChEBI An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group. monocarboxylic acid chebi_ontology monocarboxylic acids CHEBI:25384 monocarboxylic acid An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group. ANON:ANON monocarboxylic acid UniProt: monocarboxylic acids ChEBI monocarboxylic acids ChEBI: An endogenous compound that is used to transmit information across the synapse between a neuron and another cell. Wikipedia:Neurotransmitter chebi_ontology neurotransmitters CHEBI:25512 neurotransmitter neurotransmitters ChEBI 0 N 14.007 14.00307 WebElements:N nitrogen chebi_ontology 7N N Stickstoff azote nitrogen nitrogeno CHEBI:25555 nitrogen atom nitrogen IUPAC 7N IUPAC N IUPAC Stickstoff ChEBI azote IUPAC nitrogen ChEBI nitrogeno ChEBI nonmetal chebi_ontology Nichtmetall Nichtmetalle no metal no metales non-metal non-metaux nonmetal nonmetals CHEBI:25585 nonmetal atom nonmetal IUPAC Nichtmetall ChEBI Nichtmetalle ChEBI no metal ChEBI no metales ChEBI non-metal ChEBI non-metaux ChEBI nonmetal ChEBI nonmetals ChEBI chebi_ontology organic heteromonocyclic compounds CHEBI:25693 organic heteromonocyclic compound organic heteromonocyclic compounds ChEBI organic heteromonocyclic compounds ChEBI: Any organic ion with a net negative charge. chebi_ontology organic anions CHEBI:25696 organic anion organic anions ChEBI Any organic ion with a net positive charge. chebi_ontology organic cations CHEBI:25697 organic cation organic cations ChEBI chebi_ontology organic ions CHEBI:25699 organic ion organic ions ChEBI An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements. oxide chebi_ontology oxides CHEBI:25741 oxide oxide ChEBI oxides ChEBI 0 O InChI=1S/O QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 15.99940 15.99491 [O] KEGG:C00007 WebElements:O oxygen chebi_ontology 8O O Sauerstoff oxigeno oxygen oxygene CHEBI:25805 oxygen atom oxygen IUPAC 8O IUPAC O IUPAC Sauerstoff ChEBI oxigeno ChEBI oxygen ChEBI oxygene ChEBI oxygen molecular entity chebi_ontology oxygen molecular entities CHEBI:25806 oxygen molecular entity oxygen molecular entity ChEBI oxygen molecular entity ChEBI: oxygen molecular entities ChEBI oxygen molecular entities ChEBI: An ethanolamine compound having a phenyl (substituted or unsubstituted) group on the carbon bearing the hydroxy substituent. chebi_ontology CHEBI:25990 phenylethanolamines An ethanolamine compound having a phenyl (substituted or unsubstituted) group on the carbon bearing the hydroxy substituent. ANON:ANON Any amino acid whose side chain is capable of forming one or more hydrogen bonds. 0 C2H4NO2R 74.059 74.02420 OC(C(*)N)=O CHEBI:8283 MetaCyc:Polar-amino-acids PMID:12016058 polar amino acid chebi_ontology polar amino acids polar amino-acid polar amino-acids CHEBI:26167 polar amino acid PMID:12016058 Europe PMC polar amino acid ChEBI polar amino acids ChEBI polar amino-acid ChEBI polar amino-acids ChEBI A compound that contains two or more hydroxy groups. chebi_ontology polyols CHEBI:26191 polyol polyols ChEBI A nitrogen molecular entity that is electronically neutral but which contains a quaternary nitrogen. chebi_ontology CHEBI:26469 quaternary nitrogen compound Any fatty acid containing no carbon to carbon multiple bonds. Known to produce adverse biological effects when ingested to excess. PMID:16492686 PMID:19763019 PMID:20237329 saturated fatty acid chebi_ontology SFA SFAs saturated fatty acids CHEBI:26607 saturated fatty acid Any fatty acid containing no carbon to carbon multiple bonds. Known to produce adverse biological effects when ingested to excess. ANON:ANON PMID:16492686 Europe PMC PMID:19763019 Europe PMC PMID:20237329 Europe PMC saturated fatty acid ChEBI saturated fatty acid ChEBI: SFA ChEBI SFA ChEBI: SFAs ChEBI SFAs ChEBI: saturated fatty acids ChEBI saturated fatty acids ChEBI: An aliphatic monocarboxylic acid with a chain length of less than C6. An aliphatic monocarboxylic acid with a chain length of less than C6. If any non-hydrocarbon substituent is present, the compound is not normally regarded as a short-chain fatty acid. 0 CH2OR 45.017 44.99765 OC([*])=O PMID:16633129 PMID:16870803 PMID:18203540 PMID:20148677 chebi_ontology SCFA SCFAs short-chain fatty acids CHEBI:26666 short-chain fatty acid An aliphatic monocarboxylic acid with a chain length of less than C6. ANON:ANON PMID:16633129 Europe PMC PMID:16870803 Europe PMC PMID:18203540 Europe PMC PMID:20148677 Europe PMC SCFA ChEBI SCFA ChEBI: SCFAs ChEBI SCFAs ChEBI: short-chain fatty acids ChEBI short-chain fatty acids ChEBI: Tryptamine and its substitution derivatives. chebi_ontology CHEBI:27162 tryptamines Tryptamine and its substitution derivatives. ANON:ANON chebi_ontology heterobicyclic compounds organic heterobicyclic compounds CHEBI:27171 organic heterobicyclic compound heterobicyclic compounds ChEBI heterobicyclic compounds ChEBI: organic heterobicyclic compounds ChEBI organic heterobicyclic compounds ChEBI: Aralkylamino compounds which contain a tyramine skeleton. chebi_ontology CHEBI:27175 tyramines A univalent carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. chebi_ontology univalent acyl group univalent carboacyl groups univalent carboxylic acyl groups CHEBI:27207 univalent carboacyl group univalent acyl group ChEBI univalent carboacyl groups ChEBI univalent carboxylic acyl groups ChEBI A neutral compound having formal unit electrical charges of opposite sign on non-adjacent atoms. Sometimes referred to as inner salts, dipolar ions (a misnomer). zwitterion zwitterions chebi_ontology compose zwitterionique compuestos zwitterionicos zwitteriones zwitterionic compounds CHEBI:27369 zwitterion zwitterion IUPAC zwitterions IUPAC compose zwitterionique IUPAC compuestos zwitterionicos IUPAC zwitteriones IUPAC zwitterionic compounds IUPAC 0 C InChI=1S/C OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12.01070 12.00000 [C] CHEBI:23009 CHEBI:3399 CAS:7440-44-0 KEGG:C06265 WebElements:C carbon chebi_ontology 6C C Carbon Kohlenstoff carbon carbone carbonium carbono CHEBI:27594 carbon atom CAS:7440-44-0 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-44-0 KEGG COMPOUND carbon IUPAC 6C IUPAC C IUPAC C KEGG_COMPOUND Carbon KEGG_COMPOUND Kohlenstoff ChEBI carbon ChEBI carbone ChEBI carbonium ChEBI carbono ChEBI A one-carbon compound that is ammonia in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a carboxy group. Although carbamic acid derivatives are common, carbamic acid itself has never been synthesised. 0 CH3NO2 InChI=1S/CH3NO2/c2-1(3)4/h2H2,(H,3,4) KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 61.04006 61.01638 NC(O)=O CHEBI:22504 CHEBI:23002 CHEBI:3386 CHEBI:44573 Beilstein:1734754 CAS:463-77-4 DrugBank:DB04261 Gmelin:130345 KEGG:C01563 PDBeChem:OUT Wikipedia:Carbamic_acid CARBAMIC ACID Carbamic acid carbamic acid chebi_ontology Aminoameisensaeure Aminoformic acid Carbamate Carbamidsaeure CHEBI:28616 carbamic acid Beilstein:1734754 Beilstein CAS:463-77-4 ChemIDplus CAS:463-77-4 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:130345 Gmelin CARBAMIC ACID PDBeChem Carbamic acid KEGG_COMPOUND carbamic acid IUPAC Aminoameisensaeure ChEBI Aminoformic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Carbamate KEGG_COMPOUND Carbamidsaeure ChEBI A primary amino compound that is the 5-hydroxy derivative of tryptamine. The 5-hydroxy derivative of tryptamine. 0 C10H12N2O InChI=1S/C10H12N2O/c11-4-3-7-6-12-10-2-1-8(13)5-9(7)10/h1-2,5-6,12-13H,3-4,11H2 QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 176.215 176.09496 C1=CC(=CC=2C(=CNC12)CCN)O CHEBI:1420 CHEBI:26652 CHEBI:49894 Beilstein:143524 CAS:50-67-9 Gmelin:1861995 HMDB:HMDB0000259 KEGG:C00780 KNApSAcK:C00001429 LINCS:LSM-6589 MetaCyc:SEROTONIN PDBeChem:SRO PMID:18593914 PMID:22770225 PMID:24136337 Reaxys:143524 Wikipedia:Serotonin 3-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol SEROTONIN Serotonin chebi_ontology 3-(2-Aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol 5-HT 5-Hydroxytryptamine C10H12N2O Enteramine InChI=1S/C10H12N2O/c11-4-3-7-6-12-10-2-1-8(13)5-9(7)10/h1-2,5-6,12-13H,3-4,11H2 InChIKey=QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N NCCc1c[nH]c2ccc(O)cc12 serotonine thrombocytin thrombotonin CHEBI:28790 serotonin The 5-hydroxy derivative of tryptamine. ANON:ANON Beilstein:143524 Beilstein CAS:50-67-9 ChemIDplus CAS:50-67-9 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:1861995 Gmelin PMID:18593914 Europe PMC PMID:22770225 Europe PMC PMID:24136337 Europe PMC Reaxys:143524 Reaxys 3-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol IUPAC 3-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol IUPAC: SEROTONIN PDBeChem SEROTONIN PDBeChem: Serotonin KEGG COMPOUND: Serotonin KEGG_COMPOUND 3-(2-Aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol KEGG COMPOUND: 3-(2-Aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol KEGG_COMPOUND 5-HT IUPHAR 5-HT IUPHAR: 5-Hydroxytryptamine KEGG COMPOUND: 5-Hydroxytryptamine KEGG_COMPOUND C10H12N2O KEGG COMPOUND: Enteramine KEGG COMPOUND: Enteramine KEGG_COMPOUND InChI=1S/C10H12N2O/c11-4-3-7-6-12-10-2-1-8(13)5-9(7)10/h1-2,5-6,12-13H,3-4,11H2 ChEBI: InChIKey=QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ChEBI: NCCc1c[nH]c2ccc(O)cc12 ChEBI: serotonine ChEBI serotonine ChEBI: thrombocytin ChemIDplus thrombocytin ChemIDplus: thrombotonin ChemIDplus thrombotonin ChemIDplus: The conjugate base of a fatty acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group of the corresponding fatty acid. -1 CO2R 44.00950 43.98983 [O-]C([*])=O CHEBI:13634 CHEBI:24022 CHEBI:4985 KEGG:C02403 PMID:18628202 Fatty acid anion chebi_ontology Alkanate Fettsaeureanion Fettsaeureanionen a fatty acid acido graso anionico acidos grasos anionicos anion de l'acide gras fatty acid anions CHEBI:28868 fatty acid anion PMID:18628202 Europe PMC Fatty acid anion KEGG_COMPOUND Alkanate KEGG_COMPOUND Fettsaeureanion ChEBI Fettsaeureanionen ChEBI a fatty acid UniProt acido graso anionico ChEBI acidos grasos anionicos ChEBI anion de l'acide gras ChEBI fatty acid anions ChEBI An onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia. +1 H4N InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3/p+1 QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 18.03850 18.03383 [H][N+]([H])([H])[H] CHEBI:22534 CHEBI:49783 CHEBI:7435 CAS:14798-03-9 Gmelin:84 KEGG:C01342 MetaCyc:AMMONIUM MolBase:929 PDBeChem:NH4 PMID:11319011 PMID:11341317 PMID:12096804 PMID:14512268 PMID:14879753 PMID:16345391 PMID:16903292 PMID:17392693 PMID:18515490 PMID:19199063 PMID:19596600 PMID:19682559 PMID:19716251 PMID:21993530 PMID:22265469 PMID:22524020 PMID:22562341 PMID:22631217 Reaxys:16093784 Wikipedia:Ammonium ammonium azanium chebi_ontology Ammonium(1+) NH4(+) NH4+ [NH4](+) ammonium cation ammonium ion CHEBI:28938 ammonium CAS:14798-03-9 ChemIDplus CAS:14798-03-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:84 Gmelin PMID:11319011 Europe PMC PMID:11341317 Europe PMC PMID:12096804 Europe PMC PMID:14512268 Europe PMC PMID:14879753 Europe PMC PMID:16345391 Europe PMC PMID:16903292 Europe PMC PMID:17392693 Europe PMC PMID:18515490 Europe PMC PMID:19199063 Europe PMC PMID:19596600 Europe PMC PMID:19682559 Europe PMC PMID:19716251 Europe PMC PMID:21993530 Europe PMC PMID:22265469 Europe PMC PMID:22524020 Europe PMC PMID:22562341 Europe PMC PMID:22631217 Europe PMC Reaxys:16093784 Reaxys ammonium ChEBI ammonium IUPAC azanium IUPAC Ammonium(1+) ChemIDplus NH4(+) IUPAC NH4(+) UniProt NH4+ KEGG_COMPOUND [NH4](+) MolBase ammonium cation ChemIDplus ammonium ion PDBeChem A carboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of any dicarboxylic acid. -2 C2O4R 88.019 87.97966 [O-]C(=O)[*]C([O-])=O CHEBI:13632 CHEBI:23688 CHEBI:23689 CHEBI:38711 dicarboxylic acid dianion chebi_ontology a dicarboxylate dicarboxylate dicarboxylates dicarboxylic acid dianions CHEBI:28965 dicarboxylic acid dianion dicarboxylic acid dianion ChEBI a dicarboxylate UniProt dicarboxylate ChEBI dicarboxylates ChEBI dicarboxylic acid dianions ChEBI The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated. -1 CO2R 44.00950 43.98983 [O-]C([*])=O CHEBI:13626 CHEBI:13945 CHEBI:23026 CHEBI:58657 chebi_ontology a carboxylate carboxylic acid anions carboxylic anions CHEBI:29067 carboxylic acid anion a carboxylate UniProt carboxylic acid anions ChEBI carboxylic anions ChEBI -1 H2N InChI=1S/H2N/h1H2/q-1 HYGWNUKOUCZBND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16.02262 16.01927 [H][N-][H] amide azanide dihydridonitrate(1-) chebi_ontology NH2(-) CHEBI:29337 azanide amide IUPAC azanide IUPAC dihydridonitrate(1-) IUPAC NH2(-) IUPAC A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of two protons from ammonia. -2 HN InChI=1S/HN/h1H/q-2 DZQYTNGKSBCIOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 15.01468 15.01200 [N--][H] azanediide hydridonitrate(2-) chebi_ontology NH(2-) imide CHEBI:29340 hydridonitrate(2-) azanediide IUPAC hydridonitrate(2-) IUPAC NH(2-) IUPAC imide IUPAC A dicarboxylic acid dianion that is the conjugate base of glutamate(1-). -2 C5H7NO4 InChI=1S/C5H9NO4/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h3H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/p-2 WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 145.11342 145.03860 NC(CCC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O Beilstein:4134100 Gmelin:327903 Reaxys:4134100 2-aminopentanedioate glutamate glutamate(2-) chebi_ontology glutamic acid dianion CHEBI:29987 glutamate(2-) Beilstein:4134100 Beilstein Gmelin:327903 Gmelin Reaxys:4134100 Reaxys 2-aminopentanedioate IUPAC glutamate IUPAC glutamate(2-) JCBN glutamic acid dianion JCBN A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of acetic acid. -1 C2H3O2 InChI=1S/C2H4O2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4)/p-1 QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 59.04402 59.01385 CC([O-])=O CHEBI:13704 CHEBI:22165 CHEBI:40480 Beilstein:1901470 CAS:71-50-1 DrugBank:DB03166 Gmelin:1379 KEGG:C00033 MetaCyc:ACET PDBeChem:ACT PMID:17190852 PMID:22211106 PMID:22371380 Reaxys:1901470 UM-BBD_compID:c0050 Wikipedia:Acetate acetate chebi_ontology ACETATE ION Azetat CH3-COO(-) Ethanoat MeCO2 anion acetic acid, ion(1-) ethanoate CHEBI:30089 acetate Beilstein:1901470 Beilstein CAS:71-50-1 ChemIDplus CAS:71-50-1 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:1379 Gmelin PMID:17190852 Europe PMC PMID:22211106 Europe PMC PMID:22371380 Europe PMC Reaxys:1901470 Reaxys UM-BBD_compID:c0050 UM-BBD acetate IUPAC acetate UniProt ACETATE ION PDBeChem Azetat ChEBI CH3-COO(-) IUPAC Ethanoat ChEBI MeCO2 anion NIST_Chemistry_WebBook acetic acid, ion(1-) ChemIDplus ethanoate ChEBI An gamma-amino acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of gamma-aminobutyric acid. -1 C4H8NO2 InChI=1S/C4H9NO2/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7/h1-3,5H2,(H,6,7)/p-1 BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 102.11186 102.05605 NCCCC([O-])=O CHEBI:11961 CHEBI:20317 Beilstein:3536873 Gmelin:559138 KEGG:C00334 PMID:12509893 Reaxys:3536873 4-aminobutanoate chebi_ontology 4-Amino-butyrat 4-Aminobutylate 4-aminobutanoic acid ion (1-) 4-aminobutyrate gamma-aminobutanoate gamma-aminobutyrate anion CHEBI:30566 gamma-aminobutyrate Beilstein:3536873 Beilstein Gmelin:559138 Gmelin PMID:12509893 Europe PMC Reaxys:3536873 Reaxys 4-aminobutanoate IUPAC 4-Amino-butyrat ChEBI 4-Aminobutylate KEGG_COMPOUND 4-aminobutanoic acid ion (1-) ChEBI 4-aminobutyrate ChEBI gamma-aminobutanoate ChEBI gamma-aminobutyrate anion ChEBI A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group. 0 C4H8O2 InChI=1S/C4H8O2/c1-2-3-4(5)6/h2-3H2,1H3,(H,5,6) FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 88.10510 88.05243 CCCC(O)=O CHEBI:113450 CHEBI:22948 CHEBI:3234 CHEBI:41208 Beilstein:906770 CAS:107-92-6 DrugBank:DB03568 Gmelin:26242 HMDB:HMDB0000039 KEGG:C00246 KNApSAcK:C00001180 LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01010004 MetaCyc:BUTYRIC_ACID PDBeChem:BUA PMID:10736622 PMID:10956204 PMID:11201044 PMID:11208715 PMID:11238216 PMID:11305323 PMID:12068484 PMID:13678314 PMID:14962641 PMID:1542095 PMID:15809727 PMID:15810631 PMID:15938880 PMID:19318247 PMID:19366864 PMID:19703412 PMID:21699495 PMID:22038864 PMID:22194341 PMID:22322557 PMID:22339023 PMID:22466881 Reaxys:906770 Wikipedia:Butyric_acid Butyric acid butanoic acid butyric acid chebi_ontology 1-butanoic acid 1-butyric acid 1-propanecarboxylic acid 4:0 BUTANOIC ACID Butanoate Butanoic acid Buttersaeure C4:0 CH3-[CH2]2-COOH acide butanoique acide butyrique butanic acid butoic acid ethylacetic acid n-butanoic acid n-butyric acid propanecarboxylic acid propylformic acid CHEBI:30772 butyric acid Beilstein:906770 Beilstein CAS:107-92-6 ChemIDplus CAS:107-92-6 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:107-92-6 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:26242 Gmelin LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01010004 LIPID MAPS PMID:10736622 Europe PMC PMID:10956204 ChEMBL PMID:11201044 Europe PMC PMID:11208715 Europe PMC PMID:11238216 Europe PMC PMID:11305323 Europe PMC PMID:12068484 Europe PMC PMID:13678314 Europe PMC PMID:14962641 Europe PMC PMID:1542095 ChEMBL PMID:15809727 Europe PMC PMID:15810631 Europe PMC PMID:15938880 Europe PMC PMID:19318247 Europe PMC PMID:19366864 Europe PMC PMID:19703412 Europe PMC PMID:21699495 Europe PMC PMID:22038864 Europe PMC PMID:22194341 Europe PMC PMID:22322557 Europe PMC PMID:22339023 Europe PMC PMID:22466881 Europe PMC Reaxys:906770 Reaxys Butyric acid KEGG_COMPOUND butanoic acid IUPAC butyric acid IUPAC 1-butanoic acid HMDB 1-butyric acid HMDB 1-propanecarboxylic acid MetaCyc 4:0 ChEBI BUTANOIC ACID PDBeChem Butanoate KEGG_COMPOUND Butanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Buttersaeure ChEBI C4:0 ChEBI CH3-[CH2]2-COOH IUPAC acide butanoique IUPAC acide butyrique ChEBI butanic acid ChEBI butoic acid ChEBI ethylacetic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook n-butanoic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook n-butyric acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook propanecarboxylic acid HMDB propylformic acid MetaCyc A compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom. 0 HOR 17.007 17.00274 O[*] CHEBI:13804 CHEBI:22288 CHEBI:2553 KEGG:C00069 Alcohol alcohols chebi_ontology CHOR3 HOR OC([*])([*])[*] an alcohol CHEBI:30879 alcohol A compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom. ANON:ANON Alcohol KEGG COMPOUND: Alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND alcohols IUPAC alcohols IUPAC: CHOR3 ChEBI: HOR KEGG COMPOUND: OC([*])([*])[*] ChEBI: an alcohol UniProt A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by a hydrocarbyl group. 0 H2NR 16.02260 16.01872 N[*] CHEBI:26263 CHEBI:26265 CHEBI:8407 CHEBI:8409 KEGG:C00375 KEGG:C00893 KEGG:C02580 Primary amine primary amines chebi_ontology H2NR N[*] Primary monoamine R-NH2 RCH2NH2 primaeres Amin CHEBI:32877 primary amine A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by a hydrocarbyl group. ANON:ANON Primary amine KEGG COMPOUND: Primary amine KEGG_COMPOUND primary amines IUPAC primary amines IUPAC: H2NR KEGG COMPOUND: N[*] ChEBI: Primary monoamine KEGG COMPOUND: Primary monoamine KEGG_COMPOUND R-NH2 IUPAC R-NH2 IUPAC: RCH2NH2 KEGG_COMPOUND primaeres Amin ChEBI primaeres Amin ChEBI: A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups. CHEBI:13814 CHEBI:22474 CHEBI:2641 KEGG:C00706 Amine amines chebi_ontology Amin Substituted amine an amine CHEBI:32952 amine A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups. ANON:ANON Amine KEGG COMPOUND: Amine KEGG_COMPOUND amines IUPAC amines IUPAC: Amin ChEBI Amin ChEBI: Substituted amine KEGG_COMPOUND an amine UniProt: An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. CHEBI:22473 CHEBI:2633 KEGG:C00241 Amide amides chebi_ontology CHEBI:32988 amide An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. ANON:ANON Amide KEGG COMPOUND: Amide KEGG_COMPOUND amides IUPAC amides IUPAC: Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33232 application A particle not known to have substructure. elementary particle chebi_ontology elementary particles CHEBI:33233 fundamental particle elementary particle IUPAC elementary particles ChEBI chebi_ontology inorganic hydrides CHEBI:33242 inorganic hydride inorganic hydrides ChEBI Any substituent group which does not contain carbon. chebi_ontology inorganic groups CHEBI:33246 inorganic group inorganic groups ChEBI Any substituent group or skeleton containing carbon. chebi_ontology organic groups CHEBI:33247 organic group organic groups ChEBI Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having one free valence at a carbon atom. organyl group organyl groups chebi_ontology groupe organyle grupo organilo grupos organilo CHEBI:33249 organyl group organyl group IUPAC organyl groups IUPAC groupe organyle IUPAC grupo organilo IUPAC grupos organilo IUPAC A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. CHEBI:22671 CHEBI:23907 atom chebi_ontology atome atomo atoms atomus element elements CHEBI:33250 atom atom IUPAC atome IUPAC atomo IUPAC atoms ChEBI atomus ChEBI element ChEBI elements ChEBI A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons. nucleus chebi_ontology Atomkern Kern noyau noyau atomique nuclei nucleo nucleo atomico nucleus atomi CHEBI:33252 atomic nucleus nucleus IUPAC Atomkern ChEBI Kern ChEBI noyau IUPAC noyau atomique ChEBI nuclei ChEBI nucleo IUPAC nucleo atomico ChEBI nucleus atomi ChEBI Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron. nucleon chebi_ontology Nukleon Nukleonen nucleons CHEBI:33253 nucleon nucleon IUPAC nucleon IUPAC Nukleon ChEBI Nukleonen ChEBI nucleons ChEBI A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. primary amide primary amides chebi_ontology CHEBI:33256 primary amide A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. ANON:ANON primary amide IUPAC primary amide IUPAC: primary amides IUPAC primary amides IUPAC: An anion consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic anions CHEBI:33273 polyatomic anion polyatomic anions ChEBI chebi_ontology chemical messenger CHEBI:33280 molecular messenger chemical messenger ChEBI A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans. CHEBI:22582 PMID:12964249 PMID:22117953 PMID:22439833 PMID:22849268 PMID:22849276 PMID:22958833 chebi_ontology Antibiotika Antibiotikum antibiotic antibiotics antibiotique antimicrobial antimicrobial agents antimicrobials microbicide microbicides CHEBI:33281 antimicrobial agent PMID:12964249 Europe PMC PMID:22117953 Europe PMC PMID:22439833 Europe PMC PMID:22849268 Europe PMC PMID:22849276 Europe PMC PMID:22958833 Europe PMC Antibiotika ChEBI Antibiotikum ChEBI antibiotic ChEBI antibiotics ChEBI antibiotique IUPAC antimicrobial ChEBI antimicrobial agents ChEBI antimicrobials ChEBI microbicide ChEBI microbicides ChEBI A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow. chebi_ontology nutrients CHEBI:33284 nutrient nutrients ChEBI A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. chebi_ontology heteroorganic entities organoelement compounds CHEBI:33285 heteroorganic entity A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. ANON:ANON heteroorganic entities ChEBI heteroorganic entities ChEBI: organoelement compounds ChEBI organoelement compounds ChEBI: Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. pnictogens chebi_ontology group 15 elements group V elements nitrogenoideos nitrogenoides pnictogene pnictogenes CHEBI:33300 pnictogen pnictogens IUPAC group 15 elements ChEBI group V elements ChEBI nitrogenoideos ChEBI nitrogenoides ChEBI pnictogene ChEBI pnictogenes ChEBI A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen. pnictogen molecular entity chebi_ontology pnictogen molecular entities CHEBI:33302 pnictogen molecular entity pnictogen molecular entity ChEBI pnictogen molecular entity ChEBI: pnictogen molecular entities ChEBI pnictogen molecular entities ChEBI: Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table. PMID:17084588 chalcogen chalcogens chebi_ontology Chalkogen Chalkogene anfigeno anfigenos calcogeno calcogenos chalcogene chalcogenes group 16 elements group VI elements CHEBI:33303 chalcogen PMID:17084588 Europe PMC chalcogen IUPAC chalcogens IUPAC Chalkogen ChEBI Chalkogene ChEBI anfigeno ChEBI anfigenos ChEBI calcogeno ChEBI calcogenos ChEBI chalcogene ChEBI chalcogenes ChEBI group 16 elements ChEBI group VI elements ChEBI Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. chalcogen molecular entity chebi_ontology chalcogen compounds chalcogen molecular entities CHEBI:33304 chalcogen molecular entity Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. ANON:ANON chalcogen molecular entity ChEBI chalcogen molecular entity ChEBI: chalcogen compounds ChEBI chalcogen compounds ChEBI: chalcogen molecular entities ChEBI chalcogen molecular entities ChEBI: group 14 elements chebi_ontology carbon group element carbon group elements carbonoides cristallogene cristallogenes group IV elements CHEBI:33306 carbon group element atom group 14 elements IUPAC carbon group element ChEBI carbon group elements ChEBI carbonoides ChEBI cristallogene ChEBI cristallogenes ChEBI group IV elements ChEBI An ester of a carboxylic acid, R(1)C(=O)OR(2), where R(1) = H or organyl and R(2) = organyl. An ester of a carboxylic acid. 0 CO2R2 44.010 43.98983 [*]C(=O)O[*] CHEBI:13204 CHEBI:23028 CHEBI:3408 KEGG:C02391 Wikipedia:Ester Carboxylic ester carboxylic ester carboxylic esters chebi_ontology CO2R2 a carboxylic ester carboxylic acid esters CHEBI:33308 carboxylic ester An ester of a carboxylic acid. ANON:ANON Carboxylic ester KEGG COMPOUND: Carboxylic ester KEGG_COMPOUND carboxylic ester UniProt: carboxylic esters IUPAC carboxylic esters IUPAC: CO2R2 KEGG COMPOUND: a carboxylic ester UniProt carboxylic acid esters ChEBI carboxylic acid esters ChEBI: An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table. main group elements chebi_ontology Hauptgruppenelement Hauptgruppenelemente main group element CHEBI:33318 main group element atom main group elements IUPAC Hauptgruppenelement ChEBI Hauptgruppenelemente ChEBI main group element ChEBI An amino-acid anion obtained by deprotonation of any alpha-amino acid. alpha-amino-acid anion chebi_ontology alpha-amino acid anions alpha-amino-acid anions CHEBI:33558 alpha-amino-acid anion alpha-amino-acid anion ChEBI alpha-amino acid anions ChEBI alpha-amino-acid anions ChEBI chebi_ontology s-block element s-block elements CHEBI:33559 s-block element atom s-block element ChEBI s-block elements ChEBI Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table. chebi_ontology p-block element p-block elements CHEBI:33560 p-block element atom p-block element ChEBI p-block elements ChEBI Any compound containing an o-diphenol component. 0 C6H2O2R4 106.079 106.00548 OC1=C(O)C(*)=C(*)C(*)=C1* CHEBI:134187 CHEBI:13628 CHEBI:18862 KEGG:C15571 chebi_ontology 1,2-benzenediols a catechol benzene-1,2-diols CHEBI:33566 catechols 1,2-benzenediols ChEBI a catechol UniProt benzene-1,2-diols ChEBI 4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution. 0 C8H9NO2R2 151.163 151.06333 CHEBI:23056 CHEBI:3468 KEGG:C02012 Catecholamine catecholamines chebi_ontology C8H9NO2R2 catecholamines CHEBI:33567 catecholamine 4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution. ANON:ANON Catecholamine KEGG COMPOUND: Catecholamine KEGG_COMPOUND catecholamines IUPAC catecholamines IUPAC: C8H9NO2R2 KEGG COMPOUND: catecholamines ChEBI catecholamines ChEBI: CHEBI:22705 CHEBI:22711 chebi_ontology CHEBI:33570 benzenediols A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid. An oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid. 0 CHO2R 45.01740 44.99765 OC([*])=O CHEBI:13428 CHEBI:13627 CHEBI:23027 PMID:17147560 PMID:18433345 Wikipedia:Carboxylic_acid carboxylic acid carboxylic acids chebi_ontology CHO2R Carbonsaeure Carbonsaeuren Karbonsaeure OC([*])=O RC(=O)OH acide carboxylique acides carboxyliques acido carboxilico acidos carboxilicos CHEBI:33575 carboxylic acid An oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid. ANON:ANON PMID:17147560 Europe PMC PMID:18433345 Europe PMC carboxylic acid IUPAC carboxylic acid IUPAC: carboxylic acids IUPAC carboxylic acids IUPAC: CHO2R ChEBI: Carbonsaeure ChEBI Carbonsaeure ChEBI: Carbonsaeuren ChEBI Carbonsaeuren ChEBI: Karbonsaeure ChEBI Karbonsaeure ChEBI: OC([*])=O ChEBI: RC(=O)OH IUPAC RC(=O)OH IUPAC: acide carboxylique IUPAC acide carboxylique IUPAC: acides carboxyliques IUPAC acides carboxyliques IUPAC: acido carboxilico IUPAC acido carboxilico IUPAC: acidos carboxilicos IUPAC acidos carboxilicos IUPAC: A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. chebi_ontology main group compounds main group molecular entities CHEBI:33579 main group molecular entity A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. ANON:ANON main group compounds ChEBI main group compounds ChEBI: main group molecular entities ChEBI main group molecular entities ChEBI: carbon group molecular entity chebi_ontology carbon group molecular entities CHEBI:33582 carbon group molecular entity carbon group molecular entity ChEBI carbon group molecular entity ChEBI: carbon group molecular entities ChEBI carbon group molecular entities ChEBI: Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring. Wikipedia:Cyclic_compound chebi_ontology cyclic compounds CHEBI:33595 cyclic compound cyclic compounds ChEBI cyclic compounds ChEBI: chebi_ontology hydrogen compounds hydrogen molecular entities CHEBI:33608 hydrogen molecular entity hydrogen compounds ChEBI hydrogen compounds ChEBI: hydrogen molecular entities ChEBI hydrogen molecular entities ChEBI: chebi_ontology polycyclic compounds CHEBI:33635 polycyclic compound polycyclic compounds ChEBI A molecule that features two fused rings. chebi_ontology bicyclic compounds CHEBI:33636 bicyclic compound A molecule that features two fused rings. ANON:ANON bicyclic compounds ChEBI bicyclic compounds ChEBI: A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character. aromatic compounds aromatic molecular entity chebi_ontology aromatics aromatische Verbindungen CHEBI:33655 aromatic compound A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character. ANON:ANON aromatic compounds IUPAC aromatic compounds IUPAC: aromatic molecular entity IUPAC aromatic molecular entity IUPAC: aromatics ChEBI aromatics ChEBI: aromatische Verbindungen ChEBI aromatische Verbindungen ChEBI: chebi_ontology organic aromatic compounds CHEBI:33659 organic aromatic compound organic aromatic compounds ChEBI organic aromatic compounds ChEBI: chebi_ontology monocyclic compounds CHEBI:33661 monocyclic compound monocyclic compounds ChEBI monocyclic compounds ChEBI: heteromonocyclic compound heteromonocyclic compounds chebi_ontology CHEBI:33670 heteromonocyclic compound heteromonocyclic compound IUPAC heteromonocyclic compound IUPAC: heteromonocyclic compounds IUPAC heteromonocyclic compounds IUPAC: A polycyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one non-carbon atom. heteropolycyclic compounds chebi_ontology polyheterocyclic compounds CHEBI:33671 heteropolycyclic compound heteropolycyclic compounds IUPAC polyheterocyclic compounds ChEBI A bicyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one skeletal heteroatom. heterobicyclic compounds chebi_ontology CHEBI:33672 heterobicyclic compound A bicyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one skeletal heteroatom. ANON:ANON heterobicyclic compounds IUPAC heterobicyclic compounds IUPAC: An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. s-block molecular entity chebi_ontology s-block compounds s-block molecular entities CHEBI:33674 s-block molecular entity An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. ANON:ANON s-block molecular entity ChEBI s-block molecular entity ChEBI: s-block compounds ChEBI s-block compounds ChEBI: s-block molecular entities ChEBI s-block molecular entities ChEBI: A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. A p-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a p-block element. chebi_ontology p-block compounds p-block molecular entities p-block molecular entitiy CHEBI:33675 p-block molecular entity A p-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a p-block element. ANON:ANON p-block compounds ChEBI p-block compounds ChEBI: p-block molecular entities ChEBI p-block molecular entities ChEBI: p-block molecular entitiy ChEBI p-block molecular entitiy ChEBI: Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33692 hydrides A macromolecule formed by a living organism. biopolymer chebi_ontology Biopolymere biomacromolecules biopolymers CHEBI:33694 biomacromolecule biopolymer IUPAC Biopolymere ChEBI biomacromolecules ChEBI biopolymers ChEBI chebi_ontology genetically encoded biomacromolecules genetically encoded biopolymers information biomacromolecules information biopolymers information macromolecule information macromolecules CHEBI:33695 information biomacromolecule genetically encoded biomacromolecules ChEBI genetically encoded biopolymers ChEBI information biomacromolecules ChEBI information biopolymers ChEBI information macromolecule ChEBI information macromolecules ChEBI A macromolecule made up of nucleotide units and hydrolysable into certain pyrimidine or purine bases (usually adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil), D-ribose or 2-deoxy-D-ribose and phosphoric acid. nucleic acids chebi_ontology NA Nukleinsaeure Nukleinsaeuren acide nucleique acides nucleiques acido nucleico acidos nucleicos CHEBI:33696 nucleic acid nucleic acids IUPAC NA ChEBI Nukleinsaeure ChEBI Nukleinsaeuren ChEBI acide nucleique ChEBI acides nucleiques ChEBI acido nucleico ChEBI acidos nucleicos ChEBI High molecular weight, linear polymers, composed of nucleotides containing ribose and linked by phosphodiester bonds; RNA is central to the synthesis of proteins. CAS:63231-63-0 ribonucleic acid ribonucleic acids chebi_ontology RNA RNS Ribonukleinsaeure pentosenucleic acids ribonucleic acids ribose nucleic acid yeast nucleic acid CHEBI:33697 ribonucleic acid CAS:63231-63-0 ChemIDplus ribonucleic acid IUPAC ribonucleic acids IUPAC RNA IUPAC RNA UniProt RNS ChEBI Ribonukleinsaeure ChEBI pentosenucleic acids ChemIDplus ribonucleic acids ChEBI ribose nucleic acid ChEBI yeast nucleic acid ChEBI chebi_ontology canonical amino-acid residue canonical amino-acid residues common amino acid residues proteinogenic amino-acid residues standard amino acid residues standard amino-acid residues CHEBI:33700 proteinogenic amino-acid residue canonical amino-acid residue ChEBI canonical amino-acid residues ChEBI common amino acid residues ChEBI proteinogenic amino-acid residues ChEBI standard amino acid residues ChEBI standard amino-acid residues ChEBI A cation consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic cations CHEBI:33702 polyatomic cation A cation consisting of more than one atom. ANON:ANON polyatomic cations ChEBI polyatomic cations ChEBI: An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position alpha to the carboxy group. 0 C2H4NO2R 74.05870 74.02420 NC([*])C(O)=O CHEBI:10208 CHEBI:13779 CHEBI:22442 CHEBI:2642 KEGG:C00045 KEGG:C05167 alpha-amino acid chebi_ontology Amino acid Amino acids alpha-amino acids alpha-amino carboxylic acids an alpha-amino acid CHEBI:33704 alpha-amino acid alpha-amino acid IUPAC alpha-amino acid IUPAC: Amino acid KEGG COMPOUND: Amino acid KEGG_COMPOUND Amino acids KEGG_COMPOUND alpha-amino acids ChEBI alpha-amino acids ChEBI: alpha-amino acids JCBN alpha-amino acids JCBN: alpha-amino carboxylic acids IUPAC alpha-amino carboxylic acids IUPAC: an alpha-amino acid UniProt: A non-proteinogenic amino-acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position gamma to the carboxy group. gamma-amino acid chebi_ontology gamma-amino acids CHEBI:33707 gamma-amino acid gamma-amino acid ChEBI gamma-amino acid ChEBI: gamma-amino acids ChEBI gamma-amino acids ChEBI: When two or more amino acids combine to form a peptide, the elements of water are removed, and what remains of each amino acid is called an amino-acid residue. amino-acid residue chebi_ontology amino acid residue amino-acid residues CHEBI:33708 amino-acid residue amino-acid residue IUPAC amino acid residue ChEBI amino-acid residues JCBN A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups. CHEBI:13815 CHEBI:22477 Wikipedia:Amino_acid chebi_ontology Aminocarbonsaeure Aminokarbonsaeure Aminosaeure amino acids CHEBI:33709 amino acid A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups. ANON:ANON Aminocarbonsaeure ChEBI Aminocarbonsaeure ChEBI: Aminokarbonsaeure ChEBI Aminokarbonsaeure ChEBI: Aminosaeure ChEBI Aminosaeure ChEBI: amino acids ChEBI amino acids ChEBI: chebi_ontology alpha-amino-acid residues CHEBI:33710 alpha-amino-acid residue alpha-amino-acid residues ChEBI chebi_ontology canonical nucleoside residues common nucleoside residues nucleoside residue standard nucleoside residues CHEBI:33791 canonical nucleoside residue canonical nucleoside residues ChEBI common nucleoside residues CBN nucleoside residue CBN standard nucleoside residues ChEBI chebi_ontology N Nuc canonical ribonucleoside residues common ribonucleoside residue common ribonucleoside residues standard ribonucleoside residues CHEBI:33792 canonical ribonucleoside residue N CBN Nuc CBN canonical ribonucleoside residues ChEBI common ribonucleoside residue CBN common ribonucleoside residues CBN standard ribonucleoside residues ChEBI An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom. CHEBI:64710 hydroxy compounds chebi_ontology organic alcohol organic hydroxy compounds CHEBI:33822 organic hydroxy compound An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom. ANON:ANON hydroxy compounds IUPAC hydroxy compounds IUPAC: organic alcohol ChEBI organic hydroxy compounds ChEBI organic hydroxy compounds ChEBI: Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring. chebi_ontology organic cyclic compounds CHEBI:33832 organic cyclic compound organic cyclic compounds ChEBI organic cyclic compounds ChEBI: A heterocyclic compound formally derived from an arene by replacement of one or more methine (-C=) and/or vinylene (-CH=CH-) groups by trivalent or divalent heteroatoms, respectively, in such a way as to maintain the continuous pi-electron system characteristic of aromatic systems and a number of out-of-plane pi-electrons corresponding to the Hueckel rule (4n+2). heteroarenes chebi_ontology hetarenes CHEBI:33833 heteroarene A heterocyclic compound formally derived from an arene by replacement of one or more methine (-C=) and/or vinylene (-CH=CH-) groups by trivalent or divalent heteroatoms, respectively, in such a way as to maintain the continuous pi-electron system characteristic of aromatic systems and a number of out-of-plane pi-electrons corresponding to the Hueckel rule (4n+2). ANON:ANON heteroarenes IUPAC heteroarenes IUPAC: hetarenes IUPAC hetarenes IUPAC: A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. Wikipedia:Macromolecule macromolecule chebi_ontology macromolecules polymer polymer molecule polymers CHEBI:33839 macromolecule macromolecule IUPAC macromolecules ChEBI polymer ChEBI polymer molecule IUPAC polymers ChEBI Compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring. Organic aromatic compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring. 0 C6HOR5 89.072 89.00274 C1(=C(C(=C(C(=C1*)*)*)*)*)O CHEBI:13664 CHEBI:13825 CHEBI:25969 CHEBI:2857 KEGG:C15584 MetaCyc:Phenols Wikipedia:Phenols phenols chebi_ontology Aryl alcohol a phenol arenols aryl alcohol CHEBI:33853 phenols Compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring. ANON:ANON phenols IUPAC phenols IUPAC: Aryl alcohol KEGG COMPOUND: Aryl alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND a phenol UniProt arenols IUPAC arenols IUPAC: aryl alcohol UniProt: A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances. reagent chebi_ontology reactif reactivo reagents CHEBI:33893 reagent reagent IUPAC reactif IUPAC reactivo IUPAC reagents ChEBI Any nutrient required in large quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Macronutrients are usually chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur) that humans consume in the largest quantities. Calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium are sometimes included as macronutrients because they are required in relatively large quantities compared with other vitamins and minerals. chebi_ontology macronutrients CHEBI:33937 macronutrient macronutrients ChEBI An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of serotonin; major species at pH 7.3. +1 C10H13N2O InChI=1S/C10H12N2O/c11-4-3-7-6-12-10-2-1-8(13)5-9(7)10/h1-2,5-6,12-13H,3-4,11H2/p+1 QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-O 177.22250 177.10224 [NH3+]CCc1c[nH]c2ccc(O)cc12 2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanaminium chebi_ontology serotonin serotonin cation CHEBI:350546 serotonin(1+) 2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanaminium IUPAC serotonin UniProt serotonin cation ChEBI chebi_ontology nitrogen hydrides CHEBI:35106 nitrogen hydride nitrogen hydrides ChEBI Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. chebi_ontology azanes CHEBI:35107 azane azanes ChEBI A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction. inhibitor chebi_ontology inhibidor inhibiteur inhibitors CHEBI:35222 inhibitor inhibitor IUPAC inhibidor ChEBI inhibiteur ChEBI inhibitors ChEBI The zwitterionic form of an amino acid having a negatively charged carboxyl group and a positively charged amino group. amino acid zwitterion chebi_ontology CHEBI:35238 amino acid zwitterion amino acid zwitterion ChEBI A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent (usually hydrocarbyl) groups. A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent (usually organyl) groups. +1 NR4 14.00670 14.00307 [*][N+]([*])([*])[*] CHEBI:26470 CHEBI:8693 KEGG:C06703 quaternary ammonium ion chebi_ontology NR4 Quaternary amine [*][N+]([*])([*])[*] a quaternary ammonium quaternary ammonium ions CHEBI:35267 quaternary ammonium ion A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent (usually hydrocarbyl) groups. ANON:ANON quaternary ammonium ion IUPAC quaternary ammonium ion IUPAC: NR4 ChEBI: Quaternary amine KEGG COMPOUND: Quaternary amine KEGG_COMPOUND [*][N+]([*])([*])[*] ChEBI: a quaternary ammonium UniProt quaternary ammonium ions ChEBI quaternary ammonium ions ChEBI: A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which one (or more) of the hydrogens bonded to the nitrogen have been replaced with univalent organyl groups. The substituting carbon of the organyl group must not itself be directly attached to a heteroatom (thereby excluding protonated amides, hemiaminals, etc). Ammonium, NH4(+), and derivatives formed by substitution by univalent groups. chebi_ontology ammonium ion derivatives ammonium ions azanium ion derivative azanium ion derivatives azanium ions CHEBI:35274 ammonium ion derivative Ammonium, NH4(+), and derivatives formed by substitution by univalent groups. ANON:ANON ammonium ion derivatives ChEBI ammonium ions ChEBI: azanium ion derivative ChEBI azanium ion derivatives ChEBI azanium ions ChEBI: A choline ester formed from choline and a carboxylic acid. +1 C6H13NO2R 131.17290 131.09463 C[N+](C)(C)CCOC([*])=O CHEBI:13245 CHEBI:22227 CHEBI:2463 KEGG:C01777 acylcholine chebi_ontology C6H13NO2R C[N+](C)(C)CCOC([*])=O acylcholines an acylcholine CHEBI:35287 acylcholine A choline ester formed from choline and a carboxylic acid. ANON:ANON acylcholine UniProt: C6H13NO2R KEGG COMPOUND: C[N+](C)(C)CCOC([*])=O ChEBI: acylcholines ChEBI acylcholines ChEBI: an acylcholine UniProt Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. organonitrogen compounds chebi_ontology organonitrogens CHEBI:35352 organonitrogen compound Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. ANON:ANON organonitrogen compounds IUPAC organonitrogen compounds IUPAC: organonitrogens ChEBI organonitrogens ChEBI: Any aliphatic monocarboxylic acid derived from or contained in esterified form in an animal or vegetable fat, oil or wax. Any aliphatic monocarboxylic acid derived from or contained in esterified form in an animal or vegetable fat, oil or wax. Natural fatty acids commonly have a chain of 4 to 28 carbons (usually unbranched and even-numbered), which may be saturated or unsaturated. By extension, the term is sometimes used to embrace all acyclic aliphatic carboxylic acids. 0 CHO2R 45.01740 44.99765 OC([*])=O CHEBI:13633 CHEBI:24024 CHEBI:4984 KEGG:C00162 PMID:14287444 PMID:14300208 PMID:14328676 Wikipedia:Fatty_acid Fatty acid fatty acids chebi_ontology CHO2R Fettsaeure Fettsaeuren OC([*])=O acide gras acides gras acido graso acidos grasos fatty acids CHEBI:35366 fatty acid Any aliphatic monocarboxylic acid derived from or contained in esterified form in an animal or vegetable fat, oil or wax. ANON:ANON PMID:14287444 Europe PMC PMID:14300208 Europe PMC PMID:14328676 Europe PMC Fatty acid KEGG COMPOUND: Fatty acid KEGG_COMPOUND fatty acids IUPAC fatty acids IUPAC: CHO2R KEGG COMPOUND: Fettsaeure ChEBI Fettsaeure ChEBI: Fettsaeuren ChEBI Fettsaeuren ChEBI: OC([*])=O ChEBI: acide gras ChEBI acide gras ChEBI: acides gras ChemIDplus acides gras ChemIDplus: acido graso ChEBI acido graso ChEBI: acidos grasos ChEBI acidos grasos ChEBI: fatty acids ChEBI fatty acids ChEBI: An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen. CHEBI:33274 CHEBI:33436 oxoanion chebi_ontology oxoacid anions oxoanions CHEBI:35406 oxoanion oxoanion ChEBI oxoacid anions ChEBI oxoanions ChEBI An agent that selectively binds to and activates beta-adrenergic receptors. chebi_ontology beta-adrenergic agonists beta-adrenergic receptor agonist beta-adrenoceptor agonists CHEBI:35522 beta-adrenergic agonist beta-adrenergic agonists ChEBI beta-adrenergic receptor agonist ChEBI beta-adrenoceptor agonists IUPHAR A drug that mimics the effects of stimulating postganglionic adrenergic sympathetic nerves. Included in this class are drugs that directly stimulate adrenergic receptors and drugs that act indirectly by provoking the release of adrenergic transmitters. chebi_ontology sympathomimetic sympathomimetics CHEBI:35524 sympathomimetic agent sympathomimetic ChEBI sympathomimetics ChEBI A drug that affects the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter or blood volume. chebi_ontology cardiovascular agent cardiovascular drugs CHEBI:35554 cardiovascular drug cardiovascular agent ChEBI cardiovascular drugs ChEBI chebi_ontology carbon oxoacids oxoacids of carbon CHEBI:35605 carbon oxoacid carbon oxoacids ChEBI oxoacids of carbon ChEBI A drug used to cause dilation of the blood vessels. chebi_ontology vasodilator vasodilator agents CHEBI:35620 vasodilator agent vasodilator ChEBI vasodilator agents ChEBI Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups. CHEBI:23692 CHEBI:36172 CHEBI:4501 KEGG:C02028 Dicarboxylic acid chebi_ontology dicarboxylic acids CHEBI:35692 dicarboxylic acid Dicarboxylic acid KEGG_COMPOUND dicarboxylic acids ChEBI dicarboxylic acid anion chebi_ontology dicarboxylic acid anions CHEBI:35693 dicarboxylic acid anion dicarboxylic acid anion ChEBI dicarboxylic acid anions ChEBI A compound formally derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l > 0) and an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol by linking with formal loss of water from an acidic hydroxy group of the former and a hydroxy group of the latter. CHEBI:23960 CHEBI:4859 KEGG:C00287 Wikipedia:Ester Ester chebi_ontology esters CHEBI:35701 ester A compound formally derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l > 0) and an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol by linking with formal loss of water from an acidic hydroxy group of the former and a hydroxy group of the latter. ANON:ANON Ester KEGG COMPOUND: Ester KEGG_COMPOUND esters ChEBI esters ChEBI: A carboxylic acid anion formed when the carboxy group of a monocarboxylic acid is deprotonated. -1 CO2R 44.01000 43.98983 [O-]C([*])=O CHEBI:13657 CHEBI:25382 CHEBI:3407 KEGG:C00060 chebi_ontology Carboxylate Monocarboxylate a monocarboxylate monocarboxylates monocarboxylic acid anions CHEBI:35757 monocarboxylic acid anion Carboxylate KEGG_COMPOUND Monocarboxylate KEGG_COMPOUND a monocarboxylate UniProt monocarboxylates ChEBI monocarboxylic acid anions ChEBI pnictogen hydride chebi_ontology pnictogen hydrides CHEBI:35881 pnictogen hydride pnictogen hydride ChEBI pnictogen hydrides ChEBI A substance used for its pharmacological action on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function. chebi_ontology neurotransmitter agents CHEBI:35942 neurotransmitter agent neurotransmitter agents ChEBI A biological macromolecule minimally consisting of one polypeptide chain synthesized at the ribosome. CHEBI:13677 CHEBI:14911 proteins chebi_ontology CHEBI:36080 protein proteins IUPAC Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek lambdaepsilonpitauomicronsigma (small, thin). chebi_ontology leptons CHEBI:36338 lepton leptons ChEBI Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek betaalpharhoupsilonsigma (heavy). chebi_ontology baryons CHEBI:36339 baryon baryons ChEBI Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. Fermions are named after Enrico Fermi. fermion chebi_ontology fermions CHEBI:36340 fermion fermion IUPAC fermions ChEBI A particle smaller than an atom. Wikipedia:Subatomic_particle chebi_ontology subatomic particles CHEBI:36342 subatomic particle subatomic particles ChEBI A subatomic particle known to have substructure (i.e. consisting of smaller particles). chebi_ontology composite particles CHEBI:36343 composite particle composite particles ChEBI Hadron is a subatomic particle which experiences the strong force. chebi_ontology hadrons CHEBI:36344 hadron hadrons ChEBI A nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states. nuclear particle chebi_ontology CHEBI:36347 nuclear particle nuclear particle IUPAC Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic entities CHEBI:36357 polyatomic entity Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. ANON:ANON polyatomic entities ChEBI polyatomic entities ChEBI: An ion consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic ions CHEBI:36358 polyatomic ion An ion consisting of more than one atom. ANON:ANON polyatomic ions ChEBI polyatomic ions ChEBI: Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives. carbonyl compounds chebi_ontology CHEBI:36586 carbonyl compound Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives. ANON:ANON carbonyl compounds IUPAC carbonyl compounds IUPAC: Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element. oxo compounds chebi_ontology organic oxo compounds CHEBI:36587 organic oxo compound Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element. ANON:ANON oxo compounds IUPAC oxo compounds IUPAC: organic oxo compounds ChEBI organic oxo compounds ChEBI: chebi_ontology inorganic ions CHEBI:36914 inorganic ion inorganic ions ChEBI chebi_ontology inorganic cations CHEBI:36915 inorganic cation inorganic cations ChEBI A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton. CHEBI:23058 CHEBI:3473 KEGG:C01373 Cation cation chebi_ontology Kation Kationen cationes cations CHEBI:36916 cation A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton. ANON:ANON Cation KEGG COMPOUND: Cation KEGG_COMPOUND cation ChEBI cation ChEBI: cation IUPAC cation IUPAC: Kation ChEBI Kation ChEBI: Kationen ChEBI Kationen ChEBI: cationes ChEBI cationes ChEBI: cations ChEBI cations ChEBI: An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond. organochalcogen compound chebi_ontology organochalcogen compounds CHEBI:36962 organochalcogen compound An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond. ANON:ANON organochalcogen compound ChEBI organochalcogen compound ChEBI: organochalcogen compounds ChEBI organochalcogen compounds ChEBI: An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. PMID:17586126 organooxygen compound chebi_ontology organooxygen compounds CHEBI:36963 organooxygen compound An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. ANON:ANON PMID:17586126 Europe PMC organooxygen compound ChEBI organooxygen compound ChEBI: organooxygen compounds ChEBI organooxygen compounds ChEBI: amino-acid anion chebi_ontology amino acid anions amino-acid anions CHEBI:37022 amino-acid anion amino-acid anion ChEBI amino acid anions ChEBI amino-acid anions ChEBI mononuclear parent hydrides chebi_ontology mononuclear hydride mononuclear hydrides CHEBI:37176 mononuclear parent hydride mononuclear parent hydrides IUPAC mononuclear hydride ChEBI mononuclear hydrides IUPAC An acid is a molecular entity capable of donating a hydron (Bronsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid). CHEBI:13800 CHEBI:13801 CHEBI:22209 CHEBI:2426 KEGG:C00174 Acid acid chebi_ontology Saeure Saeuren acide acido acids CHEBI:37527 acid Acid KEGG_COMPOUND acid IUPAC Saeure ChEBI Saeuren ChEBI acide IUPAC acido ChEBI acids ChEBI A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. chebi_ontology chemical compound heteroatomic molecular entities CHEBI:37577 heteroatomic molecular entity A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. ANON:ANON chemical compound ChEBI chemical compound ChEBI: heteroatomic molecular entities ChEBI heteroatomic molecular entities ChEBI: An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom. 0 CNOR3 42.01680 41.99799 [*]C(=O)N([*])[*] CHEBI:35354 CHEBI:35355 carboxamides chebi_ontology [*]C(=O)N([*])[*] carboxamides primary carboxamide CHEBI:37622 carboxamide An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom. ANON:ANON carboxamides IUPAC carboxamides IUPAC: [*]C(=O)N([*])[*] ChEBI: carboxamides ChEBI carboxamides ChEBI: primary carboxamide ChEBI primary carboxamide ChEBI: A carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of at least one OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. carboacyl groups carboxylic acyl group chebi_ontology carboxylic acyl groups CHEBI:37838 carboacyl group carboacyl groups IUPAC carboxylic acyl group IUPAC carboxylic acyl groups IUPAC An agent that selectively binds to and activates adrenergic receptors. chebi_ontology adrenergic agonists adrenergic receptor agonist adrenoceptor agonists adrenomimetic adrenomimetics CHEBI:37886 adrenergic agonist adrenergic agonists ChEBI adrenergic receptor agonist ChEBI adrenoceptor agonists IUPHAR adrenomimetic ChEBI adrenomimetics ChEBI Any agent that acts on an adrenergic receptor or affects the life cycle of an adrenergic transmitter. chebi_ontology adrenergic agents adrenergic drug adrenergic drugs adrenergic neuron agents adrenergics CHEBI:37962 adrenergic agent adrenergic agents ChEBI adrenergic drug ChEBI adrenergic drugs ChEBI adrenergic neuron agents ChEBI adrenergics ChEBI Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms. chebi_ontology heterocyclic organonitrogen compounds organonitrogen heterocyclic compounds CHEBI:38101 organonitrogen heterocyclic compound Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms. ANON:ANON heterocyclic organonitrogen compounds ChEBI heterocyclic organonitrogen compounds ChEBI: organonitrogen heterocyclic compounds ChEBI organonitrogen heterocyclic compounds ChEBI: A drug that has a strengthening effect on the heart or that can increase cardiac output. chebi_ontology cardiotonic drugs CHEBI:38147 cardiotonic drug cardiotonic drugs ChEBI CHEBI:25429 CHEBI:38075 chebi_ontology organic heteropolycyclic compounds CHEBI:38166 organic heteropolycyclic compound organic heteropolycyclic compounds ChEBI chebi_ontology monocyclic heteroarenes CHEBI:38179 monocyclic heteroarene monocyclic heteroarenes ChEBI chebi_ontology polycyclic heteroarenes CHEBI:38180 polycyclic heteroarene polycyclic heteroarenes ChEBI polycyclic heteroarenes ChEBI: Any drug used for its actions on cholinergic systems. Included here are agonists and antagonists, drugs that affect the life cycle of acetylcholine, and drugs that affect the survival of cholinergic neurons. chebi_ontology cholinergic agent cholinergic drugs cholinomimetic CHEBI:38323 cholinergic drug cholinergic agent ChEBI cholinergic drugs ChEBI cholinomimetic ChEBI Any drug that binds to and activates cholinergic receptors. chebi_ontology acetylcholine agonist acetylcholine agonists acetylcholine receptor agonist cholinergic agonists cholinomimetic cholinomimetics CHEBI:38324 cholinergic agonist acetylcholine agonist ChEBI acetylcholine agonists ChEBI acetylcholine receptor agonist IUPHAR cholinergic agonists ChEBI cholinomimetic ChEBI cholinomimetics ChEBI Any drug that binds to and activates a muscarinic cholinergic receptor. chebi_ontology muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist muscarinic agonists muscarinic cholinergic agonist muscarinic cholinergic agonists CHEBI:38325 muscarinic agonist muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist ChEBI muscarinic agonists ChEBI muscarinic cholinergic agonist ChEBI muscarinic cholinergic agonists ChEBI CHEBI:22503 CHEBI:24792 chebi_ontology aminoalkylindoles CHEBI:38631 aminoalkylindole aminoalkylindoles ChEBI Any dianion containing at least one carboxy group. carboxylic acid dianion chebi_ontology carboxylic acid dianions CHEBI:38716 carboxylic acid dianion carboxylic acid dianion ChEBI carboxylic acid dianions ChEBI An alkaloid containing an indole skeleton. CHEBI:24795 CHEBI:5901 KEGG:C06073 Wikipedia:Indole_alkaloid Indole alkaloid chebi_ontology indole alkaloids CHEBI:38958 indole alkaloid Indole alkaloid KEGG_COMPOUND indole alkaloids ChEBI A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base). Bronsted acid chebi_ontology Bronsted-Saeure acide de Bronsted donneur d'hydron hydron donor CHEBI:39141 Bronsted acid Bronsted acid IUPAC Bronsted-Saeure ChEBI acide de Bronsted IUPAC donneur d'hydron IUPAC hydron donor IUPAC A molecular entity capable of accepting a hydron from a donor (Bronsted acid). Bronsted base chebi_ontology Bronsted-Base accepteur d'hydron base de Bronsted hydron acceptor CHEBI:39142 Bronsted base Bronsted base IUPAC Bronsted-Base ChEBI accepteur d'hydron IUPAC base de Bronsted IUPAC hydron acceptor IUPAC A molecular entity able to provide a pair of electrons and thus capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron-pair acceptor (Lewis acid), thereby producing a Lewis adduct. Lewis base chebi_ontology Lewis-Base base de Lewis donneur d'une paire d'electrons electron donor CHEBI:39144 Lewis base Lewis base IUPAC Lewis-Base ChEBI base de Lewis IUPAC donneur d'une paire d'electrons ChEBI electron donor ChEBI Any saturated fatty acid lacking a carbon side-chain. Any saturated fatty acid lacking a side-chain. PMID:15644336 straight-chain saturated fatty acid chebi_ontology straight-chain saturated fatty acids CHEBI:39418 straight-chain saturated fatty acid Any saturated fatty acid lacking a carbon side-chain. ANON:ANON PMID:15644336 Europe PMC straight-chain saturated fatty acid ChEBI straight-chain saturated fatty acid ChEBI: straight-chain saturated fatty acids ChEBI straight-chain saturated fatty acids ChEBI: 0 HO 17.00734 17.00274 *O[H] CHEBI:24706 CHEBI:43171 PDBeChem:OH HYDROXY GROUP hydroxy hydroxy group chebi_ontology -OH hydroxyl hydroxyl group CHEBI:43176 hydroxy group HYDROXY GROUP PDBeChem hydroxy IUPAC hydroxy group UniProt -OH IUPAC hydroxyl ChEBI hydroxyl group ChEBI 0 O 15.99940 15.99491 O=* CHEBI:29353 CHEBI:44607 PDBeChem:O OXO GROUP oxo chebi_ontology =O CHEBI:46629 oxo group OXO GROUP PDBeChem oxo IUPAC =O IUPAC A liquid that can dissolve other substances (solutes) without any change in their chemical composition. Wikipedia:Solvent chebi_ontology Loesungsmittel solvant solvents CHEBI:46787 solvent Loesungsmittel ChEBI solvant ChEBI solvents ChEBI 0 CHO2 45.01744 44.99765 *C(=O)O CHEBI:23025 CHEBI:41420 PDBeChem:FMT CARBOXY GROUP carboxy chebi_ontology -C(O)OH -CO2H -COOH carboxyl group CHEBI:46883 carboxy group CARBOXY GROUP PDBeChem carboxy IUPAC -C(O)OH IUPAC -CO2H ChEBI -COOH IUPAC carboxyl group ChEBI Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid. 0 C2H3O2R 59.04400 59.01330 CC(=O)O[*] CHEBI:13244 CHEBI:13799 CHEBI:22189 CHEBI:2406 KEGG:C01883 Wikipedia:Acetate#Esters chebi_ontology Acetic ester Acetyl ester C2H3O2R acetate acetate esters acetates acetyl ester acetyl esters an acetyl ester CHEBI:47622 acetate ester Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid. ANON:ANON Acetic ester KEGG COMPOUND: Acetic ester KEGG_COMPOUND Acetyl ester KEGG COMPOUND: Acetyl ester KEGG_COMPOUND C2H3O2R KEGG COMPOUND: acetate ChEBI acetate ChEBI: acetate esters ChEBI acetate esters ChEBI: acetates ChEBI acetates ChEBI: acetyl ester UniProt: acetyl esters ChEBI acetyl esters ChEBI: an acetyl ester UniProt A solvent that is composed of polar molecules. Polar solvents can dissolve ionic compounds or ionisable covalent compounds. polar solvent chebi_ontology polar solvents CHEBI:48354 polar solvent polar solvent IUPAC polar solvents ChEBI A polar solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) donor. protogenic solvent chebi_ontology CHEBI:48356 protic solvent protogenic solvent IUPAC Any of the drugs that act on beta-adrenergic receptors. chebi_ontology beta-adrenergic drugs CHEBI:48540 beta-adrenergic drug beta-adrenergic drugs ChEBI A drug used for its effects on dopamine receptors, on the life cycle of dopamine, or on the survival of dopaminergic neurons. chebi_ontology dopamine agent dopamine agents dopamine drug dopamine drugs dopaminergic agents CHEBI:48560 dopaminergic agent dopamine agent ChEBI dopamine agents ChEBI dopamine drug ChEBI dopamine drugs ChEBI dopaminergic agents ChEBI Substance which binds to cell receptors normally responding to naturally occurring substances and which produces a response of its own. agonist chebi_ontology agonista agoniste agonists CHEBI:48705 agonist agonist IUPAC agonista ChEBI agoniste ChEBI agonists ChEBI 0 H InChI=1S/H YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1.00794 1.00783 [H] CHEBI:24634 CHEBI:49636 WebElements:H hydrogen chebi_ontology 1H H Wasserstoff hidrogeno hydrogen hydrogene CHEBI:49637 hydrogen atom hydrogen IUPAC 1H IUPAC H IUPAC Wasserstoff ChEBI hidrogeno ChEBI hydrogen ChEBI hydrogene ChEBI A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. chebi_ontology organic amino compounds CHEBI:50047 organic amino compound A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. ANON:ANON organic amino compounds ChEBI organic amino compounds ChEBI: chebi_ontology canonical nucleotide residues CHEBI:50297 canonical nucleotide residue canonical nucleotide residues ChEBI chebi_ontology canonical ribonucleotide residues CHEBI:50299 canonical ribonucleotide residue canonical ribonucleotide residues ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:50312 onium compound Mononuclear cations derived by addition of a hydron to a mononuclear parent hydride of the pnictogen, chalcogen and halogen families. onium cations chebi_ontology onium cations onium ion onium ions CHEBI:50313 onium cation onium cations IUPAC onium cations ChEBI onium ion ChEBI onium ions ChEBI chebi_ontology nucleotide residues CHEBI:50319 nucleotide residue nucleotide residues ChEBI chebi_ontology nucleoside residues CHEBI:50320 nucleoside residue nucleoside residues ChEBI A univalent organyl group obtained by cleaving the bond from C-2 to the side chain of a proteinogenic amino-acid. chebi_ontology canonical amino-acid side-chain canonical amino-acid side-chains proteinogenic amino-acid side-chain proteinogenic amino-acid side-chain groups proteinogenic amino-acid side-chains CHEBI:50325 proteinogenic amino-acid side-chain group canonical amino-acid side-chain ChEBI canonical amino-acid side-chains ChEBI proteinogenic amino-acid side-chain ChEBI proteinogenic amino-acid side-chain groups ChEBI proteinogenic amino-acid side-chains ChEBI 0 C3H5O2 73.07060 73.02895 C(CC(=O)O)* 2-carboxyethyl chebi_ontology glutamic acid side-chain CHEBI:50329 2-carboxyethyl group 2-carboxyethyl IUPAC glutamic acid side-chain ChEBI Any molecular entity that contains carbon. CHEBI:25700 CHEBI:33244 chebi_ontology organic compounds organic entity organic molecular entities CHEBI:50860 organic molecular entity Any molecular entity that contains carbon. ANON:ANON organic compounds ChEBI organic compounds ChEBI: organic entity ChEBI organic entity ChEBI: organic molecular entities ChEBI organic molecular entities ChEBI: A chemical compound, or part thereof, which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy. Wikipedia:Allergen chebi_ontology alergeno allergene allergenic agent CHEBI:50904 allergen alergeno ChEBI allergene ChEBI allergenic agent ChEBI A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. chebi_ontology CHEBI:50906 role A poison that interferes with the functions of the nervous system. CHEBI:50911 Wikipedia:Neurotoxin chebi_ontology agente neurotoxico nerve poison nerve poisons neurotoxic agent neurotoxic agents neurotoxicant neurotoxins CHEBI:50910 neurotoxin agente neurotoxico ChEBI nerve poison ChEBI nerve poisons ChEBI neurotoxic agent ChEBI neurotoxic agents ChEBI neurotoxicant ChEBI neurotoxins ChEBI A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by an organyl group. chebi_ontology primary amino compounds CHEBI:50994 primary amino compound A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by an organyl group. ANON:ANON primary amino compounds ChEBI primary amino compounds ChEBI: A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context. chebi_ontology CHEBI:51086 chemical role CHEBI:25556 CHEBI:7594 KEGG:C06061 chebi_ontology Nitrogenous compounds nitrogen compounds nitrogen molecular entities CHEBI:51143 nitrogen molecular entity Nitrogenous compounds KEGG COMPOUND: Nitrogenous compounds KEGG_COMPOUND nitrogen compounds ChEBI nitrogen compounds ChEBI: nitrogen molecular entities ChEBI nitrogen molecular entities ChEBI: An organic molecule that is electrically neutral carrying a positive and a negative charge in one of its major canonical descriptions. In most dipolar compounds the charges are delocalized; however the term is also applied to species where this is not the case. chebi_ontology dipolar compounds CHEBI:51151 dipolar compound dipolar compounds ChEBI Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having two free valences at carbon atom(s). chebi_ontology organodiyl groups CHEBI:51422 organodiyl group organodiyl groups ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:51446 organic divalent group chebi_ontology CHEBI:51447 organic univalent group A biological role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biochemical context. chebi_ontology CHEBI:52206 biochemical role A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process. chebi_ontology etiopathogenetic agent etiopathogenetic role CHEBI:52209 aetiopathogenetic role etiopathogenetic agent ChEBI etiopathogenetic role ChEBI A biological role which describes how a drug interacts within a biological system and how the interactions affect its medicinal properties. chebi_ontology CHEBI:52210 pharmacological role chebi_ontology CHEBI:52211 physiological role Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. CHEBI:33293 CHEBI:33294 chebi_ontology farmaco medicament pharmaceuticals CHEBI:52217 pharmaceutical farmaco ChEBI medicament ChEBI pharmaceuticals ChEBI An organic group that consists of a closed ring. It may be a substituent or a skeleton. chebi_ontology cyclic organic groups CHEBI:52845 cyclic organic group cyclic organic groups ChEBI A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements. Heterocyclic compound chebi_ontology compuesto heterociclico compuestos heterociclicos heterocycle heterocyclic compounds CHEBI:5686 heterocyclic compound A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements. ANON:ANON Heterocyclic compound KEGG COMPOUND: Heterocyclic compound KEGG_COMPOUND compuesto heterociclico IUPAC compuesto heterociclico IUPAC: compuestos heterociclicos IUPAC compuestos heterociclicos IUPAC: heterocycle ChEBI heterocycle ChEBI: heterocyclic compounds ChEBI heterocyclic compounds ChEBI: An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of tryptamine arising from protonation of the primary amino group; major species at pH 7.3. +1 C10H13N2 InChI=1S/C10H12N2/c11-6-5-8-7-12-10-4-2-1-3-9(8)10/h1-4,7,12H,5-6,11H2/p+1 APJYDQYYACXCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-O 161.22310 161.10732 [NH3+]CCc1c[nH]c2ccccc12 Gmelin:533978 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanaminium chebi_ontology tryptamine tryptaminium cation tryptaminium(1+) CHEBI:57887 tryptaminium Gmelin:533978 Gmelin 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanaminium IUPAC tryptamine UniProt tryptaminium cation ChEBI tryptaminium(1+) ChEBI The conjugate acid of octopamine; major species at pH 7.3. +1 C8H12NO2 InChI=1S/C8H11NO2/c9-5-8(11)6-1-3-7(10)4-2-6/h1-4,8,10-11H,5,9H2/p+1 QHGUCRYDKWKLMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 154.18640 154.08626 [NH3+]CC(O)c1ccc(O)cc1 2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanaminium chebi_ontology 2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-aminium 4-(2-ammonio-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol 4-(2-azaniumyl-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol octopamine octopaminium cation octopaminium(1+) CHEBI:58025 octopaminium 2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanaminium IUPAC 2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-aminium ChEBI 4-(2-ammonio-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol ChEBI 4-(2-azaniumyl-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol ChEBI octopamine UniProt octopaminium cation ChEBI octopaminium(1+) ChEBI An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of histamine protonated on the side-chain nitrogen. +1 C5H10N3 InChI=1S/C5H9N3/c6-2-1-5-3-7-4-8-5/h3-4H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,8)/p+1 NTYJJOPFIAHURM-UHFFFAOYSA-O 112.15300 112.08692 [NH3+]CCc1c[nH]cn1 2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanaminium chebi_ontology histamine histaminium cation CHEBI:58432 histaminium 2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanaminium IUPAC histamine UniProt histaminium cation ChEBI Any fatty acid anion obtained by removal of a proton from the carboxy group of a short-chain fatty acid (chain length of less than C6). -1 CO2R 44.010 43.98983 [O-]C([*])=O chebi_ontology a short-chain fatty acid short-chain fatty acid anions CHEBI:58951 short-chain fatty acid anion a short-chain fatty acid UniProt short-chain fatty acid anions ChEBI Any fatty acid anion in which there is no C-C unsaturation. chebi_ontology saturated fatty acid anions CHEBI:58953 saturated fatty acid anion saturated fatty acid anions ChEBI Any saturated fatty acid anion lacking a carbon side-chain. chebi_ontology straight-chain saturated fatty acid anions CHEBI:58954 straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion straight-chain saturated fatty acid anions ChEBI Any fatty acid whose skeletal carbon atoms form an unbranched open chain. chebi_ontology straight-chain fatty acids CHEBI:59202 straight-chain fatty acid straight-chain fatty acids ChEBI A fatty acid anion formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid functional group of a straight-chain fatty acid. chebi_ontology straight-chain FA anion straight-chain FA anions straight-chain fatty acid anions CHEBI:59203 straight-chain fatty acid anion straight-chain FA anion ChEBI straight-chain FA anions ChEBI straight-chain fatty acid anions ChEBI A fatty acid containing at least one amino substituent. chebi_ontology amino FA amino fatty acids carboxylated base carboxylated bases lipoamino acid lipoamino acids CHEBI:59650 amino fatty acid A fatty acid containing at least one amino substituent. ANON:ANON amino FA ChEBI amino FA ChEBI: amino fatty acids ChEBI amino fatty acids ChEBI: carboxylated base ChEBI carboxylated base ChEBI: carboxylated bases ChEBI carboxylated bases ChEBI: lipoamino acid ChEBI lipoamino acids ChEBI A reagent that forms a bond to its reaction partner (the electrophile) by donating both bonding electrons. chebi_ontology nucleophile nucleophiles nucleophilic reagents CHEBI:59740 nucleophilic reagent nucleophile ChEBI nucleophiles ChEBI nucleophilic reagents ChEBI Conjugate base of an L-alpha-amino acid arising from deprotonation of the C-1 carboxy group. -1 C2H3NO2R 73.051 73.01638 [C@H](C(=O)[O-])(N)* chebi_ontology L-alpha-amino carboxylate CHEBI:59814 L-alpha-amino acid anion L-alpha-amino carboxylate ChEBI Zwitterionic form of an L-alpha-amino acid having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated amino group. 0 C2H4NO2R 74.059 74.02420 [NH3+][C@@H]([*])C([O-])=O chebi_ontology L-alpha-amino acid zwitterions an L-alpha-amino acid CHEBI:59869 L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion L-alpha-amino acid zwitterions ChEBI an L-alpha-amino acid UniProt Zwitterionic form of gamma-aminobutyric acid having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated amino group. 0 C4H9NO2 InChI=1S/C4H9NO2/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7/h1-3,5H2,(H,6,7) BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 103.11980 103.06333 [NH3+]CCCC([O-])=O Gmelin:1041559 4-azaniumylbutanoate chebi_ontology 4-aminobutanoate 4-ammoniobutanoate CHEBI:59888 gamma-aminobutyric acid zwitterion Gmelin:1041559 Gmelin 4-azaniumylbutanoate IUPAC 4-aminobutanoate UniProt 4-ammoniobutanoate ChEBI An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of dopamine; major species at pH 7.3. +1 C8H12NO2 InChI=1S/C8H11NO2/c9-4-3-6-1-2-7(10)8(11)5-6/h1-2,5,10-11H,3-4,9H2/p+1 VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-O 154.18640 154.08626 [NH3+]CCc1ccc(O)c(O)c1 Gmelin:328863 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanaminium chebi_ontology 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-aminium dopamine dopaminium cation CHEBI:59905 dopaminium(1+) Gmelin:328863 Gmelin 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanaminium IUPAC 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-aminium ChEBI dopamine UniProt dopaminium cation ChEBI An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of one. chebi_ontology a monovalent cation CHEBI:60242 monovalent inorganic cation a monovalent cation UniProt Zwitterionic form of any peptide where, in general, the amino terminus is positively charged and the carboxy terminus is negatively charged. 0 C2H4NO2R(C2H2NOR)n chebi_ontology a peptide peptide zwitterions CHEBI:60466 peptide zwitterion a peptide UniProt peptide zwitterions ChEBI Any fatty acid containing nitrogen as either a substituent or a replacement for a methylene carbon. chebi_ontology N-containing fatty acid N-containing fatty acids nitrogen-containing fatty acids CHEBI:60690 nitrogen-containing fatty acid Any fatty acid containing nitrogen as either a substituent or a replacement for a methylene carbon. ANON:ANON N-containing fatty acid ChEBI N-containing fatty acid ChEBI: N-containing fatty acids ChEBI N-containing fatty acids ChEBI: nitrogen-containing fatty acids ChEBI nitrogen-containing fatty acids ChEBI: A nitrogen-containing fatty acid anion arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group of any amino fatty acid. chebi_ontology NH2-FA anion NH2-FA anions NH2-fatty acid anion NH2-fatty acid anions amino FA anion amino FA anions amino fatty acid anions CHEBI:61007 amino fatty acid anion NH2-FA anion ChEBI NH2-FA anions ChEBI NH2-fatty acid anion ChEBI NH2-fatty acid anions ChEBI amino FA anion ChEBI amino FA anions ChEBI amino fatty acid anions ChEBI A fatty acid anion arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group of any nitrogen-containing fatty acid. nitrogen-containing fatty acid anion chebi_ontology N-containing FA anion N-containing FA anions N-containing fatty acid anions nitrogen-containing FA anion nitrogen-containing FA anions nitrogen-containing fatty acid anions CHEBI:61008 nitrogen-containing fatty acid anion nitrogen-containing fatty acid anion ChEBI N-containing FA anion ChEBI N-containing FA anions ChEBI N-containing fatty acid anions ChEBI nitrogen-containing FA anion ChEBI nitrogen-containing FA anions ChEBI nitrogen-containing fatty acid anions ChEBI An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the function of histone deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.98). Wikipedia:Histone_deacetylase_inhibitor chebi_ontology EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitors EC 3.5.1.98 inhibitor EC 3.5.1.98 inhibitors HDAC inhibitor HDAC inhibitors HDACi HDACis HDI HDIs histone amidohydrolase inhibitor histone amidohydrolase inhibitors histone deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.98) inhibitor histone deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.98) inhibitors histone deacetylase inhibitor histone deacetylase inhibitors CHEBI:61115 EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.1.98 inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.1.98 inhibitors ChEBI HDAC inhibitor ChEBI HDAC inhibitors ChEBI HDACi ChEBI HDACis ChEBI HDI ChEBI HDIs ChEBI histone amidohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI histone amidohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI histone deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.98) inhibitor ChEBI histone deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.98) inhibitors ChEBI histone deacetylase inhibitor ChEBI histone deacetylase inhibitors ChEBI Any compound that has a nucleobase as a part. chebi_ontology nucleobase-containing compound nucleobase-containing compounds nucleobase-containing molecular entities CHEBI:61120 nucleobase-containing molecular entity nucleobase-containing compound SUBMITTER nucleobase-containing compounds ChEBI nucleobase-containing molecular entities ChEBI Zwitterionic form of a polar amino acid having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated amino group. 0 C2H4NO2R 74.059 74.02420 C(C([O-])=O)(*)[NH3+] MetaCyc:Polar-amino-acids chebi_ontology a polar amino acid CHEBI:62031 polar amino acid zwitterion MetaCyc:Polar-amino-acids SUBMITTER a polar amino acid UniProt A molecular messenger in which the molecule is specifically involved in transmitting information between cells. Such molecules are released from the cell sending the signal, cross over the gap between cells by diffusion, and interact with specific receptors in another cell, triggering a response in that cell by activating a series of enzyme controlled reactions which lead to changes inside the cell. chebi_ontology signal molecule signal molecules signaling molecule signaling molecules signalling molecules CHEBI:62488 signalling molecule signal molecule ChEBI signal molecules ChEBI signaling molecule ChEBI signaling molecules ChEBI signalling molecules ChEBI An aralylamino compound which contains one amino group connected to an aromatic ring by a two-carbon chain. Monoamines are derived from aromatic amino acids like phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and the thyroid hormones by the action of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase enzymes. PMID:21822758 PMID:21993877 PMID:22005599 PMID:22082101 PMID:22153577 PMID:22213370 PMID:22218931 PMID:22342987 PMID:22371656 chebi_ontology monoamines naturally occurring monoamine naturally occurring monoamines CHEBI:63534 monoamine PMID:21822758 Europe PMC PMID:21993877 Europe PMC PMID:22005599 Europe PMC PMID:22082101 Europe PMC PMID:22153577 Europe PMC PMID:22213370 Europe PMC PMID:22218931 Europe PMC PMID:22342987 Europe PMC PMID:22371656 Europe PMC monoamines ChEBI naturally occurring monoamine ChEBI naturally occurring monoamines ChEBI Any substance which is added to food to preserve or enhance its flavour and/or appearance. Wikipedia:Food_additive chebi_ontology food additives CHEBI:64047 food additive food additives ChEBI A food additive that is used to change or otherwise control the acidity or alkalinity of foods. They may be acids, bases, neutralising agents or buffering agents. Wikipedia:Acidity_regulator chebi_ontology acidity regulator acidity regulators food acidity regulators pH control agent pH control agents CHEBI:64049 food acidity regulator acidity regulator ChEBI acidity regulators ChEBI food acidity regulators ChEBI pH control agent ChEBI pH control agents ChEBI An organic amino compound in which an aminoalkyl group is linked to an arene. chebi_ontology aralkylamino compounds CHEBI:64365 aralkylamino compound aralkylamino compounds ChEBI An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1). chebi_ontology one-carbon compounds CHEBI:64708 one-carbon compound one-carbon compounds ChEBI Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage. chebi_ontology organic acids CHEBI:64709 organic acid organic acids ChEBI Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism. Wikipedia:Poison chebi_ontology poisonous agent poisonous agents poisonous substance poisonous substances poisons toxic agent toxic agents toxic substance toxic substances CHEBI:64909 poison poisonous agent ChEBI poisonous agents ChEBI poisonous substance ChEBI poisonous substances ChEBI poisons ChEBI toxic agent ChEBI toxic agents ChEBI toxic substance ChEBI toxic substances ChEBI Substances which are added to food in order to prevent decomposition caused by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes. chebi_ontology food preservatives CHEBI:65255 food preservative food preservatives ChEBI A food preservative which prevents decomposition of food by preventing the growth of fungi or bacteria. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted food preservatives are from E200 to E299, divided into sorbates (E200-209), benzoates (E210-219), sulfites (E220-229), phenols and formates (E230-239), nitrates (E240-259), acetates (E260-269), lactates (E270-279), propionates (E280-289) and others (E290-299). chebi_ontology antimicrobial food preservatives antimicrobial preservative antimicrobial preservatives CHEBI:65256 antimicrobial food preservative antimicrobial food preservatives ChEBI antimicrobial preservative ChEBI antimicrobial preservatives ChEBI An ammonium ion derivative resulting from the protonation of the nitrogen atom of a primary amino compound. Major species at pH 7.3. +1 H3NR 17.031 17.02655 [NH3+][*] chebi_ontology a primary amine substituted ammonium CHEBI:65296 primary ammonium ion a primary amine UniProt substituted ammonium ChEBI Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. Wikipedia:Azole chebi_ontology azoles CHEBI:68452 azole azoles ChEBI An amino-acid anion in which the amino group is situated gamma- to the carboxylate group. chebi_ontology gamma-amino acid anions CHEBI:71666 gamma-amino acid anion gamma-amino acid anions ChEBI Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. chebi_ontology organic compound organic compounds organic molecules CHEBI:72695 organic molecule organic compound ChEBI organic compounds ChEBI organic molecules ChEBI A mancude heterobicyclic organic group consisting of a benzene ring fused to a pyrrole ring. 0 C8N 110.09230 110.00307 C1(=C(C(=C2C(=C1*)N(C(=C2*)*)*)*)*)* chebi_ontology CHEBI:73398 indole skeleton A bicyclic organic group that contains both carbon and hetero atoms. chebi_ontology organic heterobicyclic rings CHEBI:73541 organic heterobicyclic ring organic heterobicyclic rings ChEBI Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in eukaryotes, the taxon that include members of the fungi, plantae and animalia kingdoms. chebi_ontology eukaryotic metabolites CHEBI:75763 eukaryotic metabolite eukaryotic metabolites ChEBI Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in animals that include diverse creatures from sponges, insects to mammals. CHEBI:77721 CHEBI:77743 chebi_ontology animal metabolites CHEBI:75767 animal metabolite animal metabolites ChEBI Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in mammals. CHEBI:77464 CHEBI:77744 chebi_ontology mammalian metabolites CHEBI:75768 mammalian metabolite mammalian metabolites ChEBI Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus). chebi_ontology Mus musculus metabolite Mus musculus metabolites mouse metabolites CHEBI:75771 mouse metabolite Mus musculus metabolite ChEBI Mus musculus metabolites ChEBI mouse metabolites ChEBI Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). CHEBI:76949 CHEBI:76951 chebi_ontology S. cerevisiae metabolite S. cerevisiae metabolites S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites baker's yeast metabolite baker's yeast metabolites baker's yeast secondary metabolite baker's yeast secondary metabolites CHEBI:75772 Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite S. cerevisiae metabolite ChEBI S. cerevisiae metabolites ChEBI S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite ChEBI S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites ChEBI Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites ChEBI Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites ChEBI baker's yeast metabolite ChEBI baker's yeast metabolites ChEBI baker's yeast secondary metabolite ChEBI baker's yeast secondary metabolites ChEBI Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in prokaryotes, the taxon that include members of domains such as the bacteria and archaea. chebi_ontology prokaryotic metabolites CHEBI:75787 prokaryotic metabolite prokaryotic metabolites ChEBI Any enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase (EC 3.*.*.*). Wikipedia:Hydrolase chebi_ontology EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors EC 3.* inhibitor EC 3.* inhibitors EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors hydrolase inhibitor hydrolase inhibitors CHEBI:76759 EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitor EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.* inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors ChEBI hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor ChEBI hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors ChEBI hydrolase inhibitor ChEBI hydrolase inhibitors ChEBI Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds (EC 3.5.*.*). chebi_ontology EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors EC 3.5.* inhibitor EC 3.5.* inhibitors CHEBI:76764 EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.* inhibitors ChEBI An EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*). chebi_ontology EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors CHEBI:76807 EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors ChEBI non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor ChEBI non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors ChEBI Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms. CHEBI:75766 CHEBI:76925 chebi_ontology plant metabolites plant secondary metabolites CHEBI:76924 plant metabolite plant metabolites ChEBI plant secondary metabolites ChEBI Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds. CHEBI:75765 CHEBI:76947 chebi_ontology fungal metabolites CHEBI:76946 fungal metabolite fungal metabolites ChEBI Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria. CHEBI:75760 CHEBI:76970 chebi_ontology CHEBI:76969 bacterial metabolite Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli. chebi_ontology E.coli metabolite E.coli metabolites Escherichia coli metabolites CHEBI:76971 Escherichia coli metabolite E.coli metabolite ChEBI E.coli metabolites ChEBI Escherichia coli metabolites ChEBI Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens). CHEBI:75770 CHEBI:77123 chebi_ontology H. sapiens metabolite H. sapiens metabolites Homo sapiens metabolite Homo sapiens metabolites CHEBI:77746 human metabolite H. sapiens metabolite ChEBI H. sapiens metabolites ChEBI Homo sapiens metabolite ChEBI Homo sapiens metabolites ChEBI An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of amidase (EC 3.5.1.4). Wikipedia:Amidase chebi_ontology EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors acylamidase inhibitor acylamidase inhibitors acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors amidase inhibitor amidase inhibitors amidohydrolase inhibitor amidohydrolase inhibitors deaminase inhibitor deaminase inhibitors fatty acylamidase inhibitor fatty acylamidase inhibitors CHEBI:77941 EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors ChEBI N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI acylamidase inhibitor ChEBI acylamidase inhibitors ChEBI acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor ChEBI amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors ChEBI amidase inhibitor ChEBI amidase inhibitors ChEBI amidohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI amidohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI deaminase inhibitor ChEBI deaminase inhibitors ChEBI fatty acylamidase inhibitor ChEBI fatty acylamidase inhibitors ChEBI Any saturated fatty acid anion containing 4 carbons. Formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid moiety. Major species at pH 7.3. -1 C4H7O2 87.09718 87.04460 [O-]C([*])=O chebi_ontology fatty acid 4:0 CHEBI:78115 fatty acid anion 4:0 fatty acid 4:0 UniProt A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. chebi_ontology dietary component dietary components food components CHEBI:78295 food component dietary component ChEBI dietary components ChEBI food components ChEBI A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure. Wikipedia:Refrigerant chebi_ontology refrigerants CHEBI:78433 refrigerant refrigerants ChEBI An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of any alpha-amino acid; major species at pH 7.3. 0 C2H4NO2R 74.059 74.02420 [NH3+]C([*])C([O-])=O CHEBI:83409 MetaCyc:Alpha-Amino-Acids chebi_ontology an alpha-amino acid CHEBI:78608 alpha-amino acid zwitterion MetaCyc:Alpha-Amino-Acids SUBMITTER an alpha-amino acid UniProt Any metabolite produced by all living cells. chebi_ontology essential metabolite essential metabolites fundamental metabolites CHEBI:78675 fundamental metabolite essential metabolite ChEBI essential metabolites ChEBI fundamental metabolites ChEBI Any inorganic anion with a valency of two. chebi_ontology divalent inorganic anions CHEBI:79388 divalent inorganic anion divalent inorganic anions ChEBI Any inorganic anion with a valency of one. chebi_ontology monovalent inorganic anions CHEBI:79389 monovalent inorganic anion monovalent inorganic anions ChEBI An animal metabolite produced by arthropods such as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimps and krill. chebi_ontology crustacean metabolites CHEBI:83039 crustacean metabolite crustacean metabolites ChEBI A Daphnia metabolite produced by the species Daphnia magna. chebi_ontology Daphnia magna metabolites CHEBI:83056 Daphnia magna metabolite Daphnia magna metabolites ChEBI A crustacean metabolite produced by the genus of small planktonic arthropods, Daphnia Wikipedia:Daphnia chebi_ontology Daphnia metabolites CHEBI:83057 Daphnia metabolite Daphnia metabolites ChEBI Any of the 23 alpha-amino acids that are precursors to proteins, and are incorporated into proteins during translation. The group includes the 20 amino acids encoded by the nuclear genes of eukaryotes together with selenocysteine, pyrrolysine, and N-formylmethionine. Apart from glycine, which is non-chiral, all have L configuration. Wikipedia:Proteinogenic_amino_acid chebi_ontology canonical amino acid canonical amino acids proteinogenic amino acids CHEBI:83813 proteinogenic amino acid canonical amino acid ChEBI canonical amino acids ChEBI proteinogenic amino acids ChEBI Any amino-acid that is not naturally encoded in the genetic code of any organism. Wikipedia:Non-proteinogenic_amino_acids chebi_ontology non-canonical amino acid non-canonical amino acids non-canonical amino-acid non-canonical amino-acids non-coded amino acid non-coded amino acids non-coded amino-acid non-coded amino-acids non-proteinogenic amino acids non-proteinogenic amino-acid non-proteinogenic amino-acids CHEBI:83820 non-proteinogenic amino acid non-canonical amino acid ChEBI non-canonical amino acids ChEBI non-canonical amino-acid ChEBI non-canonical amino-acids ChEBI non-coded amino acid ChEBI non-coded amino acids ChEBI non-coded amino-acid ChEBI non-coded amino-acids ChEBI non-proteinogenic amino acids ChEBI non-proteinogenic amino-acid ChEBI non-proteinogenic amino-acids ChEBI Any metabolite (endogenous or exogenous) found in human urine samples. chebi_ontology human urinary metabolites CHEBI:84087 human urinary metabolite human urinary metabolites ChEBI Any member of the class of indoles carrying at least one hydroxy group. chebi_ontology CHEBI:84729 hydroxyindoles Binding to an acyl group, any group formally derived by removal of the hydroxyl group from the acid function of a carboxylic acid. acyl-CoA or acyl binding molecular_function GO:0000035 acyl binding Binding to an acyl group, any group formally derived by removal of the hydroxyl group from the acid function of a carboxylic acid. GOC:curators ISBN:0198506732 Any process that modulates levels of neurotransmitter. biological_process GO:0001505 regulation of neurotransmitter levels Any process that modulates levels of neurotransmitter. GOC:jl Formation of a complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator). translation initiation ternary complex assembly biological_process GO:0001677 formation of translation initiation ternary complex Formation of a complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator). GOC:hjd The chemical reactions and pathways involving histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans. histamine metabolism biological_process GO:0001692 histamine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans. GOC:jl ISBN:0395825172 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans. GO:0001693 histamine anabolism histamine biosynthesis histamine formation histamine synthesis biological_process GO:0001694 histamine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans. GOC:jl ISBN:0395825172 Binding to a nucleobase, any of a class of pyrmidines or purines, organic nitrogenous bases. molecular_function GO:0002054 nucleobase binding Binding to a nucleobase, any of a class of pyrmidines or purines, organic nitrogenous bases. GOC:hjd A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. GO:0005554 molecular function molecular_function GO:0003674 Note that, in addition to forming the root of the molecular function ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose molecular function is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the molecular function of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. Despite its name, this is not a type of 'function' in the sense typically defined by upper ontologies such as Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). It is instead a BFO:process carried out by a single gene product or complex. molecular_function A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. GOC:pdt Binding to a nucleic acid. GO:0000496 base pairing molecular_function GO:0003676 nucleic acid binding Binding to a nucleic acid. GOC:jl Binding to an RNA molecule or a portion thereof. GO:0000498 GO:0044822 Reactome:R-HSA-203922 base pairing with RNA molecular_function poly(A) RNA binding poly(A)-RNA binding poly-A RNA binding GO:0003723 RNA binding Binding to an RNA molecule or a portion thereof. GOC:jl GOC:mah Reactome:R-HSA-203922 Exportin-5 recognizes 3' overhang of pre-miRNA Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic. Wikipedia:Enzyme enzyme activity molecular_function GO:0003824 catalytic activity Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic. GOC:vw ISBN:0198506732 enzyme activity GOC:dph GOC:tb Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of an enzyme. GO:0048551 metalloenzyme inhibitor activity molecular_function GO:0004857 This term should only be used in cases when the regulator directly interacts with the enzyme. enzyme inhibitor activity Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of an enzyme. GOC:ai GOC:ebc The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. Wikipedia:Binding_(molecular) ligand molecular_function GO:0005488 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct, manual gene product annotation. Please choose a more specific child term, or request a new one if no suitable term is available. For ligands that bind to signal transducing receptors, consider the molecular function term 'receptor binding ; GO:0005102' and its children. binding The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. GOC:ceb GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 Binding to a fatty acid, an aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis. molecular_function GO:0005504 fatty acid binding Binding to a fatty acid, an aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis. ISBN:0198506732 Binding to a protein. GO:0001948 GO:0045308 protein amino acid binding glycoprotein binding molecular_function GO:0005515 protein binding Binding to a protein. GOC:go_curators A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine when it carries out a molecular function. There are two ways in which the gene ontology describes locations of gene products: (1) relative to cellular structures (e.g., cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane) or compartments (e.g., mitochondrion), and (2) the stable macromolecular complexes of which they are parts (e.g., the ribosome). GO:0008372 NIF_Subcellular:sao1337158144 cell or subcellular entity cellular component cellular_component subcellular entity GO:0005575 Note that, in addition to forming the root of the cellular component ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose cellular component is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the cellular component of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. cellular_component A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine when it carries out a molecular function. There are two ways in which the gene ontology describes locations of gene products: (1) relative to cellular structures (e.g., cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane) or compartments (e.g., mitochondrion), and (2) the stable macromolecular complexes of which they are parts (e.g., the ribosome). GOC:pdt NIF_Subcellular:sao1337158144 subcellular entity NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_100315 A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/17776 Wikipedia:Intracellular internal to cell intracellular protoplasm cellular_component nucleocytoplasm protoplast GO:0005622 intracellular anatomical structure A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. ISBN:0198506732 nucleocytoplasm GOC:mah protoplast GOC:mah A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. NIF_Subcellular:sao1702920020 Wikipedia:Cell_nucleus cell nucleus horsetail nucleus cellular_component GO:0005634 nucleus A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. GOC:go_curators horsetail nucleus GOC:al GOC:mah GOC:vw PMID:15030757 The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space). GO:0005636 Wikipedia:Nuclear_envelope cellular_component GO:0005635 nuclear envelope The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space). ISBN:0198547684 The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23023 Wikipedia:Cytoplasm cellular_component GO:0005737 cytoplasm The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. ISBN:0198547684 A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol. Wikipedia:Vacuole cellular_component vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y GO:0005773 vacuole A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol. GOC:mtg_sensu ISBN:0198506732 The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. GO:0005887 GO:0005904 juxtamembrane NIF_Subcellular:sao1663586795 Wikipedia:Cell_membrane cell membrane cellular membrane cytoplasmic membrane plasmalemma bacterial inner membrane inner endospore membrane integral component of plasma membrane integral to plasma membrane plasma membrane lipid bilayer cellular_component GO:0005886 plasma membrane The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. ISBN:0716731363 cellular membrane NIF_Subcellular:sao6433132645 plasma membrane lipid bilayer GOC:mah The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins. Wikipedia:Cell_cortex cellular_component cell periphery peripheral cytoplasm GO:0005938 cell cortex The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins. GOC:mah ISBN:0815316194 The chemical reactions and pathways involving alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom. alcohol metabolism biological_process GO:0006066 alcohol metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. organic acid metabolism biological_process GO:0006082 organic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetate, the anion of acetic acid. acetate metabolism biological_process GO:0006083 acetate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetate, the anion of acetic acid. GOC:go_curators Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GO:0055134 cellular nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process cellular nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism biological_process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GO:0006139 nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GOC:ai nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GOC:dph GOC:tb The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome. GO:0006416 GO:0006453 GO:0043037 Wikipedia:Translation_(genetics) protein anabolism protein biosynthesis protein biosynthetic process protein formation protein synthesis protein translation biological_process GO:0006412 translation The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome. GOC:go_curators The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA or circRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA. GO:0006440 GO:0006454 biopolymerisation biopolymerization protein synthesis initiation translation initiation biological_process GO:0006413 translational initiation The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA or circRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA. ISBN:019879276X The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis. GO:0006442 GO:0006455 protein synthesis elongation translation elongation biological_process GO:0006414 translational elongation The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis. GOC:ems The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome, usually in response to a termination codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA in the universal genetic code). GO:0006443 GO:0006456 protein synthesis termination translation termination translational complex disassembly biological_process GO:0006415 translational termination The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome, usually in response to a termination codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA in the universal genetic code). GOC:hjd ISBN:019879276X The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. peptide metabolism biological_process GO:0006518 peptide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/17904 GO:0006519 cellular amino acid metabolic process cellular amino acid metabolism biological_process amino acid and derivative metabolism cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process GO:0006520 amino acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid. Wikipedia:Glutamic_acid glutamate metabolism glutamic acid metabolic process glutamic acid metabolism biological_process GO:0006536 glutamate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid. glutamate anabolism glutamate biosynthesis glutamate formation glutamate synthesis glutamic acid biosynthesis glutamic acid biosynthetic process glutamate biosynthesis, using glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) glutamate biosynthesis, using glutamate synthase (NADPH) glutamate biosynthetic process, using glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) glutamate biosynthetic process, using glutamate synthase (NADPH) biological_process GO:0006537 glutamate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells involving any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters. biogenic amine metabolism cellular biogenic amine metabolic process biological_process GO:0006576 biogenic amine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells involving any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters. GOC:jl ISBN:0395825172 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. catecholamine metabolism biological_process GO:0006584 catecholamine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group. indolamine metabolic process indolamine metabolism indolalkylamine metabolism biological_process GO:0006586 indolalkylamine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group. GOC:curators The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of octopamine, 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol. The D enantiomer is about one-tenth as active as norepinephrine and is found in the salivary glands of Octopus and Eledone species. octopamine anabolism octopamine biosynthesis octopamine formation octopamine synthesis biological_process GO:0006589 octopamine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of octopamine, 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol. The D enantiomer is about one-tenth as active as norepinephrine and is found in the salivary glands of Octopus and Eledone species. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids. Wikipedia:Lipid_metabolism lipid metabolism biological_process GO:0006629 lipid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids. GOC:ma The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis. Wikipedia:Fatty_acid_metabolism fatty acid metabolism biological_process GO:0006631 fatty acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis. ISBN:0198547684 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes. GO:0000037 MetaCyc:FASYN-INITIAL-PWY MetaCyc:PWY-4381 MetaCyc:PWY-5156 Wikipedia:Fatty_acid_synthesis fatty acid anabolism fatty acid biosynthesis fatty acid formation fatty acid synthesis biological_process GO:0006633 fatty acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes. GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic compounds, any organic compound characterized by one or more planar rings, each of which contains conjugated double bonds and delocalized pi electrons, as carried out by individual cells. aromatic compound metabolism aromatic hydrocarbon metabolic process aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism biological_process GO:0006725 cellular aromatic compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic compounds, any organic compound characterized by one or more planar rings, each of which contains conjugated double bonds and delocalized pi electrons, as carried out by individual cells. GOC:ai ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic or inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen. nitrogen compound metabolism biological_process GO:0006807 nitrogen compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic or inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. jl 2013-12-19T15:25:51Z GO:1902589 organelle organisation single organism organelle organization biological_process organelle organization and biogenesis single-organism organelle organization GO:0006996 organelle organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:mah single organism organelle organization GOC:TermGenie organelle organization and biogenesis GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus. GO:0048287 nuclear organisation nuclear organization biological_process nuclear morphology nuclear organization and biogenesis nucleus organization and biogenesis GO:0006997 nucleus organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus. GOC:dph GOC:ems GOC:jl GOC:mah nuclear organization and biogenesis GOC:mah nucleus organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear envelope. nuclear envelope organisation biological_process nuclear envelope organization and biogenesis GO:0006998 nuclear envelope organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear envelope. GOC:dph GOC:ems GOC:jl GOC:mah nuclear envelope organisation GOC:mah nuclear envelope organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plasma membrane. plasma membrane organisation biological_process plasma membrane organization and biogenesis GO:0007009 plasma membrane organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plasma membrane. GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah plasma membrane organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. cytoplasm organisation biological_process cytoplasm organization and biogenesis GO:0007028 cytoplasm organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. GOC:curators GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah cytoplasm organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole. GO:0044086 vacuole organisation vacuolar assembly biological_process vacuole biogenesis vacuole organization and biogenesis GO:0007033 vacuole organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole. GOC:mah vacuolar assembly GOC:mah vacuole biogenesis GOC:mah vacuole organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Binds to and increases the activity of an enzyme. GO:0010577 metalloenzyme activator activity molecular_function GO:0008047 This term should only be used in cases when the regulator directly interacts with the enzyme. enzyme activator activity Binds to and increases the activity of an enzyme. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24968 jl 2012-09-19T15:05:24Z GO:0000004 GO:0007582 GO:0044699 Wikipedia:Biological_process biological process physiological process biological_process single organism process single-organism process GO:0008150 Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. biological_process A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. GOC:pdt The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. jl 2012-10-17T15:46:40Z GO:0044236 GO:0044710 Wikipedia:Metabolism metabolism metabolic process resulting in cell growth metabolism resulting in cell growth multicellular organism metabolic process biological_process single-organism metabolic process GO:0008152 Note that metabolic processes do not include single functions or processes such as protein-protein interactions, protein-nucleic acids, nor receptor-ligand interactions. metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198547684 Binding to a lipid. molecular_function GO:0008289 lipid binding Binding to a lipid. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues. acetylcholine metabolism biological_process GO:0008291 acetylcholine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues. GOC:jl GOC:nln ISBN:0192800752 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. acetylcholine anabolism acetylcholine biosynthesis acetylcholine formation acetylcholine synthesis biological_process GO:0008292 acetylcholine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. GOC:jl ISBN:0192800752 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. lipid anabolism lipid biosynthesis lipid formation lipid synthesis lipogenesis biological_process GO:0008610 lipid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. GOC:go_curators lipogenesis GOC:sl The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/17904 Wikipedia:Amino_acid_synthesis amino acid anabolism amino acid biosynthesis amino acid formation amino acid synthesis cellular amino acid biosynthetic process biological_process GO:0008652 amino acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones. jl 2012-10-17T15:52:18Z GO:0044274 GO:0044711 formation Wikipedia:Anabolism anabolism biosynthesis synthesis multicellular organismal biosynthetic process biological_process single-organism biosynthetic process GO:0009058 biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones. GOC:curators ISBN:0198547684 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070589 GO:0043284 biopolymer biosynthetic process macromolecule anabolism macromolecule biosynthesis macromolecule formation macromolecule synthesis biological_process GO:0009059 macromolecule biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:mah biopolymer biosynthetic process GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline. glutamine family amino acid metabolism biological_process GO:0009064 glutamine family amino acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline. glutamine family amino acid anabolism glutamine family amino acid biosynthesis glutamine family amino acid formation glutamine family amino acid synthesis biological_process GO:0009084 glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid, e.g. the purines: adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and the pyrimidines: cytosine, uracil, thymine. nucleobase metabolism biological_process GO:0009112 nucleobase metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid, e.g. the purines: adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and the pyrimidines: cytosine, uracil, thymine. GOC:ma The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom. jl 2009-07-15T11:55:44Z GO:0044106 amine metabolism cellular amine metabolic process biological_process GO:0009308 amine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom. amine anabolism amine biosynthesis amine formation amine synthesis biological_process GO:0009309 amine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms. 4-aminobutanoate metabolic process 4-aminobutanoate metabolism 4-aminobutyrate metabolic process 4-aminobutyrate metabolism GABA metabolic process GABA metabolism gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolism biological_process GO:0009448 See also the biological process term 'neurotransmitter metabolic process ; GO:0042133'. gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms. 4-aminobutanoate biosynthesis 4-aminobutanoate biosynthetic process 4-aminobutyrate biosynthesis 4-aminobutyrate biosynthetic process GABA biosynthesis GABA biosynthetic process gamma-aminobutyric acid anabolism gamma-aminobutyric acid biosynthesis gamma-aminobutyric acid formation gamma-aminobutyric acid synthesis biological_process GO:0009449 See also the biological process term 'neurotransmitter biosynthetic process ; GO:0042136'. gamma-aminobutyric acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways involving a compound containing a pyrocatechol (1,2-benzenediol) nucleus or substituent. biological_process catechol metabolic process catechol metabolism GO:0009712 catechol-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a compound containing a pyrocatechol (1,2-benzenediol) nucleus or substituent. GOC:sm ISBN:0198547684 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of catechol-containing compounds. Catechol is a compound containing a pyrocatechol nucleus or substituent. biological_process catechol anabolism catechol biosynthesis catechol biosynthetic process catechol formation catechol synthesis GO:0009713 catechol-containing compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of catechol-containing compounds. Catechol is a compound containing a pyrocatechol nucleus or substituent. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways involving alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases). alkaloid metabolism biological_process GO:0009820 alkaloid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases). GOC:lr ISBN:0122146743 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alkaloids, nitrogen-containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as nonprotein amino acids, amines, peptides, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones, or primary metabolite (such as purine or pyrimidine bases). UM-BBD_enzymeID:e0711 alkaloid anabolism alkaloid biosynthesis alkaloid formation alkaloid synthesis biological_process GO:0009821 alkaloid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alkaloids, nitrogen-containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as nonprotein amino acids, amines, peptides, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones, or primary metabolite (such as purine or pyrimidine bases). GOC:lr ISBN:0122146743 Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. jl 2012-12-11T16:56:55Z GO:0008151 GO:0044763 GO:0050875 cell physiology cellular physiological process cell growth and/or maintenance biological_process single-organism cellular process GO:0009987 This term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term. cellular process Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endomembrane system. endomembrane organization endomembrane system organisation biological_process GO:0010256 endomembrane system organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endomembrane system. GOC:mah GOC:sm endomembrane system organisation GOC:mah The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript and its processing, translation and maturation for protein-coding genes. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22557 Wikipedia:Gene_expression biological_process GO:0010467 gene expression The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript and its processing, translation and maturation for protein-coding genes. GOC:txnOH-2018 PMID:25934543 PMID:31580950 A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles. Wikipedia:Endomembrane_system cellular_component GO:0012505 endomembrane system A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles. GOC:lh A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it. 2014-03-06T11:37:54Z GO:0016021 GO:0098589 GO:0098805 Wikipedia:Biological_membrane Wikipedia:Transmembrane_protein integral component of membrane integral to membrane membrane region region of membrane whole membrane cellular_component transmembrane GO:0016020 membrane A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it. GOC:dos GOC:mah ISBN:0815316194 transmembrane GOC:mah A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. GO:0044235 GO:0071842 cell organisation cellular component organisation at cellular level cellular component organisation in other organism cellular component organization at cellular level cellular component organization in other organism biological_process cell organization and biogenesis GO:0016043 cellular component organization A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. GOC:ai GOC:jl GOC:mah cellular component organisation at cellular level GOC:mah cellular component organisation in other organism GOC:mah cell organization and biogenesis GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. organic acid anabolism organic acid biosynthesis organic acid formation organic acid synthesis biological_process GO:0016053 organic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. ISBN:0198506732 The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. RNA metabolism biological_process GO:0016070 RNA metabolic process The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. ISBN:0198506732 true Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. Reactome:R-HSA-6788855 Reactome:R-HSA-6788867 phosphokinase activity molecular_function GO:0016301 Note that this term encompasses all activities that transfer a single phosphate group; although ATP is by far the most common phosphate donor, reactions using other phosphate donors are included in this term. kinase activity Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. ISBN:0198506732 Reactome:R-HSA-6788855 FN3KRP phosphorylates PsiAm, RibAm Reactome:R-HSA-6788867 FN3K phosphorylates ketosamines Binding to glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid. glutamic acid binding molecular_function GO:0016595 glutamate binding Binding to glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid. GOC:ai Binding to an amino acid, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. molecular_function GO:0016597 amino acid binding Binding to an amino acid, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. GOC:ai Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. EC:2.-.-.- Reactome:R-HSA-1483089 Reactome:R-HSA-1483186 Reactome:R-HSA-5668414 Reactome:R-HSA-8868783 molecular_function GO:0016740 transferase activity Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. ISBN:0198506732 Reactome:R-HSA-1483089 PE is converted to PS by PTDSS2 Reactome:R-HSA-1483186 PC is converted to PS by PTDSS1 Reactome:R-HSA-5668414 TRAF2 ubiquitinates cIAP1,2 in cIAP1,2:TRAF1:TRAF2:TRAF3:NIK Reactome:R-HSA-8868783 TSR3 transfers aminocarboxypropyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to N(1)-methylpseudouridine-1248 of 18SE rRNA yielding N(1)-methyl-N(3)-aminocarboxypropylpseudouridine-1248 Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). EC:2.7.-.- molecular_function GO:0016772 Note that this term encompasses all kinase activities, as well as activities that transfer other phosphorus-containing groups such as diphosphate or nucleotides. transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). heterocycle anabolism heterocycle biosynthesis heterocycle formation heterocycle synthesis biological_process GO:0018130 heterocycle biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). ISBN:0198547684 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. UM-BBD_pathwayID:phe carbolic acid metabolic process carbolic acid metabolism hydroxybenzene metabolic process hydroxybenzene metabolism phenol-containing compound metabolism biological_process GO:0018958 Note that phenol metabolism is not included as a child of 'xenobiotic metabolism' because although it is synthesized industrially, phenol is also found naturally in animal wastes and other organic materials. It is often formed by the activity of microorganisms, which can chemically modify a variety of xenobiotic and naturally occurring phenolic compounds. phenol-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. ISBN:0198506732 Modulates the activity of a kinase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. molecular_function GO:0019207 kinase regulator activity Modulates the activity of a kinase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. GOC:ai Binds to and increases the activity of a kinase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. molecular_function GO:0019209 kinase activator activity Binds to and increases the activity of a kinase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. GOC:ai Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a kinase. molecular_function GO:0019210 kinase inhibitor activity Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a kinase. GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetate, the anion of acetic acid. acetate anabolism acetate biosynthesis acetate formation acetate synthesis biological_process GO:0019413 acetate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetate, the anion of acetic acid. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring. aromatic compound anabolism aromatic compound biosynthesis aromatic compound formation aromatic compound synthesis aromatic hydrocarbon biosynthesis aromatic hydrocarbon biosynthetic process biological_process GO:0019438 aromatic compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. Includes protein modification. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23112 GO:0006411 GO:0044267 GO:0044268 Wikipedia:Protein_metabolism cellular protein metabolic process cellular protein metabolism protein metabolic process and modification protein metabolism protein metabolism and modification multicellular organismal protein metabolic process biological_process GO:0019538 protein metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. Includes protein modification. GOC:ma The chemical reactions and pathways involving any butyrate, the anions of butyric acid (butanoic acid), a saturated, unbranched aliphatic acid. GO:0043437 butanoic acid metabolic process butanoic acid metabolism butyrate metabolism butyric acid metabolic process butyric acid metabolism biological_process GO:0019605 butyrate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any butyrate, the anions of butyric acid (butanoic acid), a saturated, unbranched aliphatic acid. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. choline metabolism biological_process GO:0019695 choline metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. GOC:jl ISBN:0192801023 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in many of the chemical changes of compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. In multicellular organisms secondary metabolism is generally carried out in specific cell types, and may be useful for the organism as a whole. In unicellular organisms, secondary metabolism is often used for the production of antibiotics or for the utilization and acquisition of unusual nutrients. Wikipedia:Secondary_metabolism secondary metabolism secondary metabolite metabolic process secondary metabolite metabolism biological_process GO:0019748 secondary metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in many of the chemical changes of compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. In multicellular organisms secondary metabolism is generally carried out in specific cell types, and may be useful for the organism as a whole. In unicellular organisms, secondary metabolism is often used for the production of antibiotics or for the utilization and acquisition of unusual nutrients. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms. polyhydric alcohol metabolic process polyol metabolism biological_process GO:0019751 polyol metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms. PMID:30240188 The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). carboxylic acid metabolism biological_process GO:0019752 carboxylic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). ISBN:0198506732 A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cellular component. GO:0071845 cell structure disassembly cellular component disassembly at cellular level biological_process GO:0022411 cellular component disassembly A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cellular component. GOC:isa_complete The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cellular component. GO:0071844 cell structure assembly cellular component assembly at cellular level biological_process GO:0022607 cellular component assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cellular component. GOC:isa_complete A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a complex containing RNA and proteins. Includes the biosynthesis of the constituent RNA and protein molecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the ribonucleoprotein complex. RNA-protein complex biogenesis ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis and assembly biological_process GO:0022613 ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a complex containing RNA and proteins. Includes the biosynthesis of the constituent RNA and protein molecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the ribonucleoprotein complex. GOC:isa_complete GOC:mah RNA-protein complex biogenesis GOC:mah ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis and assembly GOC:mah The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a ribonucleoprotein complex. RNA-protein complex assembly RNP complex assembly protein-RNA complex assembly biological_process GO:0022618 ribonucleoprotein complex assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a ribonucleoprotein complex. GOC:jl Binds to and modulates the activity of an enzyme. GO:0010576 catalytic regulator activity enzyme modulator metalloenzyme regulator activity molecular_function GO:0030234 This term should only be used in cases when the regulator directly interacts with the enzyme. enzyme regulator activity Binds to and modulates the activity of an enzyme. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb catalytic regulator activity GOC:dph The controlled breakdown of any cell membrane in the context of a normal process such as autophagy. membrane breakdown membrane catabolism membrane degradation biological_process GO:0030397 membrane disassembly The controlled breakdown of any cell membrane in the context of a normal process such as autophagy. GOC:mah A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle. NIF_Subcellular:sao830981606 cellular_component intracellular membrane GO:0031090 organelle membrane A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle. GOC:dos GOC:mah intracellular membrane NIF_Subcellular:sao830981606 Binding to a carboxylic acid, an organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). molecular_function GO:0031406 carboxylic acid binding Binding to a carboxylic acid, an organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space. NIF_Subcellular:sao1687101204 cellular_component GO:0031965 nuclear membrane Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space. GOC:mah GOC:pz A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes. cellular_component GO:0031967 organelle envelope A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes. GOC:mah GOC:pz A multilayered structure surrounding all or part of a cell; encompasses one or more lipid bilayers, and may include a cell wall layer; also includes the space between layers. cellular_component GO:0031975 envelope A multilayered structure surrounding all or part of a cell; encompasses one or more lipid bilayers, and may include a cell wall layer; also includes the space between layers. GOC:mah GOC:pz The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. Includes polymerization of ribonucleotide monomers. Refers not only to transcription but also to e.g. viral RNA replication. GO:0062103 RNA anabolism RNA biosynthesis RNA formation RNA synthesis double-stranded RNA biosynthesis double-stranded RNA biosynthetic process dsRNA biosynthesis dsRNA biosynthetic process biological_process GO:0032774 Note that, in some cases, viral RNA replication and viral transcription from RNA actually refer to the same process, but may be called differently depending on the focus of a specific research study. RNA biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. Includes polymerization of ribonucleotide monomers. Refers not only to transcription but also to e.g. viral RNA replication. GOC:mah GOC:txnOH dsRNA biosynthetic process GOC:BHF GOC:BHF_telomere GOC:nc GOC:rl The chemical reactions and pathways involving monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-). monocarboxylate metabolic process monocarboxylic acid metabolism biological_process GO:0032787 monocarboxylic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-). GOC:vk The disaggregation of a protein-containing macromolecular complex into its constituent components. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22580 GO:0034623 GO:0043241 GO:0043624 protein complex disassembly biological_process cellular macromolecule complex disassembly cellular protein complex disassembly macromolecule complex disassembly GO:0032984 protein-containing complex disassembly The disaggregation of a protein-containing macromolecular complex into its constituent components. GOC:mah The disaggregation of a protein-RNA complex into its constituent components. RNA-protein complex disassembly RNP complex disassembly protein-RNA complex disassembly biological_process GO:0032988 ribonucleoprotein complex disassembly The disaggregation of a protein-RNA complex into its constituent components. GOC:mah A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. GO:0043234 macromolecular complex macromolecule complex protein containing complex protein complex protein-protein complex cellular_component GO:0032991 A protein complex in this context is meant as a stable set of interacting proteins which can be co-purified by an acceptable method, and where the complex has been shown to exist as an isolated, functional unit in vivo. Acceptable experimental methods include stringent protein purification followed by detection of protein interaction. The following methods should be considered non-acceptable: simple immunoprecipitation, pull-down experiments from cell extracts without further purification, colocalization and 2-hybrid screening. Interactions that should not be captured as protein complexes include: 1) enzyme/substrate, receptor/ligand or any similar transient interactions, unless these are a critical part of the complex assembly or are required e.g. for the receptor to be functional; 2) proteins associated in a pull-down/co-immunoprecipitation assay with no functional link or any evidence that this is a defined biological entity rather than a loose-affinity complex; 3) any complex where the only evidence is based on genetic interaction data; 4) partial complexes, where some subunits (e.g. transmembrane ones) cannot be expressed as recombinant proteins and are excluded from experiments (in this case, independent evidence is necessary to find out the composition of the full complex, if known). Interactions that may be captured as protein complexes include: 1) enzyme/substrate or receptor/ligand if the complex can only assemble and become functional in the presence of both classes of subunits; 2) complexes where one of the members has not been shown to be physically linked to the other(s), but is a homologue of, and has the same functionality as, a protein that has been experimentally demonstrated to form a complex with the other member(s); 3) complexes whose existence is accepted based on localization and pharmacological studies, but for which experimental evidence is not yet available for the complex as a whole. protein-containing complex A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. GOC:dos GOC:mah Binding to an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. molecular_function GO:0033218 amide binding Binding to an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. GOC:mah Binding to choline, the amine 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium. molecular_function GO:0033265 choline binding Binding to choline, the amine 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium. GOC:mlg Binding to a monocarboxylic acid, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-). molecular_function GO:0033293 monocarboxylic acid binding Binding to a monocarboxylic acid, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-). GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving a diol, a compound that contains two hydroxy groups, generally assumed to be, but not necessarily, alcoholic. diol metabolism biological_process dihydric alcohol metabolic process GO:0034311 diol metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a diol, a compound that contains two hydroxy groups, generally assumed to be, but not necessarily, alcoholic. GOC:curators The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a diol, any alcohol containing two hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms. dihydric alcohol biosynthetic process diol anabolism diol biosynthesis diol formation diol synthesis biological_process GO:0034312 diol biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a diol, any alcohol containing two hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms. GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells. cellular nitrogen compound metabolism biological_process GO:0034641 cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells. GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid anabolism nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid biosynthesis nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid formation nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid synthesis biological_process GO:0034654 nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GOC:mah Binding to dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter formed by aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase from 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine. molecular_function GO:0035240 dopamine binding Binding to dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter formed by aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase from 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving an indole alkaloid, an alkaloid containing an indole skeleton. bf 2011-05-04T03:17:44Z indole alkaloid metabolism biological_process GO:0035834 indole alkaloid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving an indole alkaloid, an alkaloid containing an indole skeleton. GOC:yaf indole alkaloid metabolism GOC:bf The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole alkaloid, an alkaloid containing an indole skeleton. bf 2011-05-04T03:18:31Z indole alkaloid anabolism indole alkaloid biosynthesis indole alkaloid formation indole alkaloid synthesis biological_process GO:0035835 indole alkaloid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole alkaloid, an alkaloid containing an indole skeleton. GOC:yaf indole alkaloid anabolism GOC:bf indole alkaloid biosynthesis GOC:bf indole alkaloid formation GOC:bf indole alkaloid synthesis GOC:bf Binding to a small molecule, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. bf 2012-01-17T04:20:34Z molecular_function GO:0036094 Small molecules in GO include monosaccharides but exclude disaccharides and polysaccharides. small molecule binding Binding to a small molecule, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. GOC:curators GOC:pde GOC:pm The chemical reactions and pathways involving neurotransmitters, any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. neurotransmitter metabolism biological_process GO:0042133 neurotransmitter metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving neurotransmitters, any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. neurotransmitter biosynthesis and storage neurotransmitter biosynthetic process and storage neurotransmitter anabolism neurotransmitter biosynthesis neurotransmitter formation neurotransmitter synthesis biological_process GO:0042136 neurotransmitter biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. GOC:jl Binding to a neurotransmitter, any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell. molecular_function GO:0042165 neurotransmitter binding Binding to a neurotransmitter, any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell. ISBN:0198506732 Binding to acetylcholine, an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline that functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions. molecular_function GO:0042166 acetylcholine binding Binding to acetylcholine, an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline that functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions. GOC:ai Binding to a peptide, an organic compound comprising two or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds. molecular_function GO:0042277 peptide binding Binding to a peptide, an organic compound comprising two or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells resulting in the formation of any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters. biogenic amine anabolism biogenic amine biosynthesis biogenic amine formation biogenic amine synthesis cellular biogenic amine biosynthetic process biological_process GO:0042401 biogenic amine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells resulting in the formation of any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters. GOC:jl ISBN:0395825172 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. dopamine anabolism dopamine biosynthesis dopamine formation dopamine synthesis biological_process GO:0042416 dopamine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. dopamine metabolism biological_process GO:0042417 dopamine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. Wikipedia:Catecholamines catecholamine anabolism catecholamine biosynthesis catecholamine formation catecholamine synthesis biological_process GO:0042423 catecholamine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. MetaCyc:PWY-4762 choline anabolism choline biosynthesis choline formation choline synthesis biological_process GO:0042425 choline biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. GOC:jl ISBN:0192801023 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties. Wikipedia:Serotonin serotonin anabolism serotonin biosynthesis serotonin formation serotonin synthesis biological_process GO:0042427 serotonin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties. serotonin metabolism biological_process GO:0042428 serotonin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton. GO:0042434 indole and derivative metabolic process indole and derivative metabolism indole-containing compound metabolism ketole metabolic process ketole metabolism indole derivative metabolic process indole derivative metabolism biological_process GO:0042430 indole-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton. GOC:jl GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton. indole derivative biosynthesis indole derivative biosynthetic process indole-containing compound anabolism indole-containing compound biosynthesis indole-containing compound formation indole-containing compound synthesis biological_process GO:0042435 indole-containing compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol) and compounds derived from it. ethanolamine and derivative metabolic process ethanolamine and derivative metabolism ethanolamine-containing compound metabolism biological_process GO:0042439 ethanolamine-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol) and compounds derived from it. GOC:mah ethanolamine-containing compound metabolism GOC:mah Binding to a complex of RNA and protein. RNP binding protein-RNA complex binding ribonucleoprotein binding molecular_function GO:0043021 ribonucleoprotein complex binding Binding to a complex of RNA and protein. GOC:bf GOC:go_curators GOC:vk protein-RNA complex binding GOC:bf GOC:vk ribonucleoprotein binding GOC:bf GOC:vk The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. This may include the translation of a precursor protein and its subsequent processing into a functional peptide. peptide anabolism peptide biosynthesis peptide formation peptide synthesis biological_process GO:0043043 peptide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. This may include the translation of a precursor protein and its subsequent processing into a functional peptide. GOC:dph GOC:jl Binding to an ion, a charged atoms or groups of atoms. molecular_function atom binding GO:0043167 ion binding Binding to an ion, a charged atoms or groups of atoms. GOC:jl Binding to an anion, a charged atom or group of atoms with a net negative charge. molecular_function GO:0043168 anion binding Binding to an anion, a charged atom or group of atoms with a net negative charge. GOC:jl Binding to a cation, a charged atom or group of atoms with a net positive charge. molecular_function GO:0043169 cation binding Binding to a cation, a charged atom or group of atoms with a net positive charge. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GO:0034960 GO:0043283 GO:0044259 biopolymer metabolic process macromolecule metabolism organismal macromolecule metabolism multicellular organismal macromolecule metabolic process biological_process GO:0043170 macromolecule metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:mah biopolymer metabolic process GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 Binding to an amine, a weakly basic organic compound that contains an amino or a substituted amino group. molecular_function GO:0043176 amine binding Binding to an amine, a weakly basic organic compound that contains an amino or a substituted amino group. GOC:jl Binding to an organic acid, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. molecular_function GO:0043177 organic acid binding Binding to an organic acid, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 Binding to an alcohol, any of a class of alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. molecular_function GO:0043178 alcohol binding Binding to an alcohol, any of a class of alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. NIF_Subcellular:sao1539965131 Wikipedia:Organelle cellular_component GO:0043226 organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:go_curators Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. NIF_Subcellular:sao414196390 membrane-enclosed organelle cellular_component GO:0043227 membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:go_curators Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. cellular_component GO:0043229 intracellular organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:go_curators Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. intracellular membrane-enclosed organelle cellular_component GO:0043231 intracellular membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). keto acid metabolic process keto acid metabolism ketoacid metabolic process ketoacid metabolism oxo acid metabolic process oxo acid metabolism oxoacid metabolism biological_process GO:0043436 oxoacid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). Wikipedia:Oxyacid The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells. amide metabolism cellular amide metabolic process biological_process GO:0043603 amide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells. GOC:curators The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. biological_process GO:0043604 amide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. GOC:curators The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). dicarboxylate metabolic process dicarboxylate metabolism dicarboxylic acid metabolism biological_process GO:0043648 dicarboxylic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups. dicarboxylate biosynthesis dicarboxylate biosynthetic process dicarboxylic acid anabolism dicarboxylic acid biosynthesis dicarboxylic acid formation dicarboxylic acid synthesis biological_process GO:0043650 dicarboxylic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups. ISBN:0198506732 Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22580 mah 2010-09-08T10:01:42Z GO:0034600 GO:0034621 GO:0071822 protein complex subunit organisation protein complex subunit organization biological_process cellular macromolecular complex organization cellular macromolecular complex subunit organisation cellular macromolecular complex subunit organization macromolecular complex organization macromolecular complex subunit organisation macromolecular complex subunit organization protein-containing complex subunit organization GO:0043933 protein-containing complex organization Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex. GOC:mah protein complex subunit organisation GOC:mah A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component. GO:0071843 cellular component biogenesis at cellular level biological_process GO:0044085 cellular component biogenesis A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component. GOC:jl GOC:mah A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a membrane. biological_process GO:0044091 membrane biogenesis A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a membrane. GOC:jl A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator). jl 2009-10-22T02:38:55Z translation initiation (ternary) complex Met-tRNA/eIF2.GTP ternary complex cellular_component GO:0044207 translation initiation ternary complex A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator). GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. cellular metabolism biological_process intermediary metabolism GO:0044237 This term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term. cellular metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. GOC:go_curators intermediary metabolism GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. primary metabolism biological_process GO:0044238 primary metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. GOC:go_curators http://www.metacyc.org The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. cellular anabolism cellular biosynthesis cellular formation cellular synthesis biological_process GO:0044249 cellular biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, as carried out by individual cells. cellular lipid metabolism biological_process GO:0044255 cellular lipid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, as carried out by individual cells. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds. nitrogen compound anabolism nitrogen compound biosynthesis nitrogen compound formation nitrogen compound synthesis biological_process GO:0044271 cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. jl 2010-01-26T12:05:20Z small molecule metabolism biological_process GO:0044281 Small molecules in GO include monosaccharides but exclude disaccharides and polysaccharides. small molecule metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. GOC:curators GOC:pde GOC:vw The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. jl 2010-01-26T12:06:49Z small molecule biosynthesis biological_process GO:0044283 Small molecules in GO include monosaccharides but exclude disaccharides and polysaccharides. small molecule biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. GOC:curators GOC:pde GOC:vw The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of secondary metabolites, the compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. jl 2012-03-29T01:55:18Z secondary metabolite biosynthesis biological_process GO:0044550 secondary metabolite biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of secondary metabolites, the compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. GOC:jl Binding to a macromolecular complex. jl 2014-12-16T11:38:58Z GO:0032403 protein complex binding molecular_function macromolecular complex binding GO:0044877 protein-containing complex binding Binding to a macromolecular complex. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid. nucleobase anabolism nucleobase biosynthesis nucleobase formation nucleobase synthesis biological_process GO:0046112 nucleobase biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom. alcohol anabolism alcohol biosynthesis alcohol formation alcohol synthesis biological_process GO:0046165 alcohol biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms. polyhydric alcohol biosynthetic process polyol anabolism polyol biosynthesis polyol formation polyol synthesis biological_process GO:0046173 polyol biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms. GOC:curators The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. phenol-containing compound anabolism phenol-containing compound biosynthesis phenol-containing compound formation phenol-containing compound synthesis biological_process GO:0046189 phenol-containing compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group. indolalkylamine anabolism indolalkylamine biosynthesis indolalkylamine formation indolalkylamine synthesis biological_process GO:0046219 indolalkylamine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group. GOC:curators The chemical reactions and pathways involving octopamine, 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol. The D enantiomer is about one-tenth as active as norepinephrine and is found in the salivary glands of Octopus and Eledone species. octopamine metabolism biological_process GO:0046333 octopamine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving octopamine, 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol. The D enantiomer is about one-tenth as active as norepinephrine and is found in the salivary glands of Octopus and Eledone species. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of butyrate, the anion of butyric acid. GO:0043439 butanoic acid anabolism butanoic acid biosynthesis butanoic acid biosynthetic process butanoic acid formation butanoic acid synthesis butyrate anabolism butyrate biosynthesis butyrate formation butyrate synthesis biological_process GO:0046358 butyrate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of butyrate, the anion of butyric acid. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups. carboxylic acid anabolism carboxylic acid biosynthesis carboxylic acid formation carboxylic acid synthesis biological_process GO:0046394 carboxylic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of less than 6 carbons. short-chain fatty acid metabolism biological_process GO:0046459 short-chain fatty acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of less than 6 carbons. Wikipedia:Fatty_acid_metabolism The chemical reactions and pathways involving heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). heterocycle metabolism biological_process GO:0046483 heterocycle metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). ISBN:0198506732 Binding to a quaternary ammonium group, including glycine betaine, choline, carnitine and proline. A quaternary ammonium group is any compound that can be regarded as derived from ammonium hydroxide or an ammonium salt by replacement of all four hydrogen atoms of the NH4+ ion by organic groups. quaternary amine binding molecular_function GO:0050997 quaternary ammonium group binding Binding to a quaternary ammonium group, including glycine betaine, choline, carnitine and proline. A quaternary ammonium group is any compound that can be regarded as derived from ammonium hydroxide or an ammonium salt by replacement of all four hydrogen atoms of the NH4+ ion by organic groups. GOC:ai The controlled breakdown of the nuclear membranes, for example during cellular division. biological_process nuclear envelope breakdown nuclear envelope catabolism nuclear envelope degradation nuclear envelope disassembly GO:0051081 nuclear membrane disassembly The controlled breakdown of the nuclear membranes, for example during cellular division. GOC:ai Binding to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties. 5-hydroxytryptamine binding molecular_function GO:0051378 serotonin binding Binding to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties. GOC:ai Binding to histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans. molecular_function GO:0051381 histamine binding Binding to histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of less than 6 carbons. short chain fatty acid biosynthesis short chain fatty acid biosynthetic process short-chain fatty acid anabolism short-chain fatty acid biosynthesis short-chain fatty acid formation short-chain fatty acid synthesis biological_process GO:0051790 short-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of less than 6 carbons. Wikipedia:Fatty_acid_metabolism The chemical reactions and pathways involving imidazoles, five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton. imidazole metabolism biological_process GO:0052803 imidazole-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving imidazoles, five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton. GOC:curators The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide. nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolism biological_process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process GO:0055086 nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide. GOC:vw A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. jl 2010-02-08T02:43:11Z GO:0016044 GO:0044802 cellular membrane organisation cellular membrane organization membrane organisation biological_process membrane organization and biogenesis single-organism membrane organization GO:0061024 membrane organization A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. GOC:dph GOC:tb membrane organisation GOC:mah membrane organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A transferase complex capable of catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). dph 2015-05-06T11:22:38Z cellular_component GO:0061695 transferase complex, transferring phosphorus-containing groups A transferase complex capable of catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). GOC:bhm GOC:dph The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a protein-containing complex. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22580 GO:0006461 GO:0034622 GO:0043623 cellular protein complex assembly biological_process cellular macromolecule complex assembly cellular protein-containing complex assembly chaperone activity macromolecular complex assembly macromolecule complex assembly protein complex assembly protein complex formation GO:0065003 protein-containing complex assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a protein-containing complex. GOC:jl Binding to ammonium ions (NH4+). molecular_function ammonium binding GO:0070405 ammonium ion binding Binding to ammonium ions (NH4+). CHEBI:28938 GOC:ecd The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an organelle. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. mah 2009-09-15T03:00:51Z biological_process GO:0070925 organelle assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an organelle. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. mah 2010-03-08T03:32:18Z organic molecular entity metabolic process organic molecular entity metabolism organic substance metabolism biological_process GO:0071704 organic substance metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. GOC:mah The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane. mah 2010-03-10T11:19:17Z biological_process GO:0071709 membrane assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane. GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear inner or outer membrane. mah 2010-03-29T03:59:35Z nuclear membrane organisation biological_process nuclear membrane organization and biogenesis GO:0071763 nuclear membrane organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear inner or outer membrane. GOC:mah nuclear membrane organisation GOC:mah nuclear membrane organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a ribonucleoprotein complex. mah 2010-09-08T10:10:35Z RNA-protein complex subunit organization protein-RNA complex subunit organization ribonucleoprotein complex subunit organisation biological_process GO:0071826 ribonucleoprotein complex subunit organization Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a ribonucleoprotein complex. GOC:mah RNA-protein complex subunit organization GOC:mah protein-RNA complex subunit organization GOC:mah ribonucleoprotein complex subunit organisation GOC:mah A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. mah 2010-09-10T01:39:16Z GO:0071841 cellular component organisation or biogenesis cellular component organisation or biogenesis at cellular level cellular component organization or biogenesis at cellular level biological_process GO:0071840 cellular component organization or biogenesis A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. GOC:mah cellular component organisation or biogenesis GOC:mah cellular component organisation or biogenesis at cellular level GOC:mah The broad region around and including the plasma membrane of a cell, encompassing the cell cortex (inside the cell), the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures. mah 2010-10-04T01:51:47Z cellular_component GO:0071944 cell periphery The broad region around and including the plasma membrane of a cell, encompassing the cell cortex (inside the cell), the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures. GOC:pdt The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group. mah 2010-11-02T04:51:32Z monocarboxylic acid anabolism monocarboxylic acid biosynthesis monocarboxylic acid formation monocarboxylic acid synthesis biological_process GO:0072330 monocarboxylic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group. GOC:mah monocarboxylic acid anabolism GOC:mah monocarboxylic acid biosynthesis GOC:mah monocarboxylic acid formation GOC:mah monocarboxylic acid synthesis GOC:mah Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids. tb 2010-04-07T10:18:47Z biological_process GO:0090304 nucleic acid metabolic process Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids. GOC:dph GOC:tb Binding to an organic cyclic compound, any molecular entity that contains carbon arranged in a cyclic molecular structure. pr 2011-09-23T02:31:01Z molecular_function GO:0097159 organic cyclic compound binding Binding to an organic cyclic compound, any molecular entity that contains carbon arranged in a cyclic molecular structure. GOC:sjw PMID:7583672 The chemical reactions and pathways involving the ammonium ion. pr 2011-09-28T04:21:30Z ammonium ion metabolism biological_process ammonium metabolic process GO:0097164 ammonium ion metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving the ammonium ion. GOC:dhl GOC:tb PMID:14671018 A membrane that is a (regional) part of the plasma membrane. dos 2014-03-06T11:55:32Z region of plasma membrane cellular_component GO:0098590 Note that this term should not be used for direct manual annotation as it should always be possible to choose a more specific subclass. plasma membrane region A membrane that is a (regional) part of the plasma membrane. GOC:dos A molecular function regulator regulates the activity of its target via non-covalent binding that does not result in covalent modification to the target. Examples of molecular function regulators include regulatory subunits of multimeric enzymes and channels. Mechanisms of regulation include allosteric changes in the target and competitive inhibition. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/20854 https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/20862 molecular function regulator molecular_function GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity A molecular function regulator regulates the activity of its target via non-covalent binding that does not result in covalent modification to the target. Examples of molecular function regulators include regulatory subunits of multimeric enzymes and channels. Mechanisms of regulation include allosteric changes in the target and competitive inhibition. GOC:dos GOC:pt Any protein complex that is part of a membrane. cellular_component GO:0098796 membrane protein complex Any protein complex that is part of a membrane. GOC:dos Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane. cellular_component GO:0098797 plasma membrane protein complex Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane. GOC:dos Any (proper) part of the cytoplasm of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytoplasm. cellular_component GO:0099568 cytoplasmic region Any (proper) part of the cytoplasm of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytoplasm. GOC:dos The complete extent of cell cortex that underlies some some region of the plasma membrane. perimembrane region cellular_component GO:0099738 cell cortex region The complete extent of cell cortex that underlies some some region of the plasma membrane. GOC:dos The process in which a nuclear membrane is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together. biological_process GO:0101025 nuclear membrane biogenesis The process in which a nuclear membrane is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together. GOC:vw A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. kmv 2019-08-12T18:01:37Z cellular_component GO:0110165 cellular anatomical entity A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. GOC:kmv Catalytic activity that acts to modify a protein. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14225 pg 2017-09-14T10:32:59Z molecular_function GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein Catalytic activity that acts to modify a protein. GOC:molecular_function_refactoring GOC:pdt Catalytic activity that acts to modify RNA, driven by ATP hydrolysis. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14225 https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21612 pg 2017-09-14T12:05:21Z molecular_function GO:0140098 catalytic activity, acting on RNA Catalytic activity that acts to modify RNA, driven by ATP hydrolysis. GOC:molecular_function_refactoring GOC:pdt A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together in the nucleus. pg 2020-09-09T05:12:38Z nuclear complex cellular_component GO:0140513 nuclear protein-containing complex A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together in the nucleus. GOC:pg Catalytic activity that acts to modify a nucleic acid. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21402 pg 2021-05-11T06:31:07Z molecular_function GO:0140640 catalytic activity, acting on a nucleic acid Catalytic activity that acts to modify a nucleic acid. GOC:pg A molecular function regulator that activates or increases the activity of its target via non-covalent binding that does not result in covalent modification to the target. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21782 pg 2021-07-07T07:24:16Z molecular_function GO:0140677 molecular function activator activity A molecular function regulator that activates or increases the activity of its target via non-covalent binding that does not result in covalent modification to the target. GOC:curators A molecular function regulator that inhibits or decreases the activity of its target via non-covalent binding that does not result in covalent modification to the target. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21782 pg 2021-07-07T07:24:32Z molecular_function GO:0140678 molecular function inhibitor activity A molecular function regulator that inhibits or decreases the activity of its target via non-covalent binding that does not result in covalent modification to the target. GOC:curators A protein complex capable of activating an enzyme. Activating subunits may dissociate from the catalytic unit before the enzyme is active. cellular_component GO:0150005 enzyme activator complex A protein complex capable of activating an enzyme. Activating subunits may dissociate from the catalytic unit before the enzyme is active. GOC:bhm PMID:16244137 PMID:28710280 The chemical reactions and pathways involving an acetate ester, any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid. bf 2012-05-16T12:29:51Z acetate ester metabolism acetyl ester metabolic process acetyl ester metabolism biological_process GO:1900619 acetate ester metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving an acetate ester, any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid. GOC:TermGenie acetate ester metabolism GOC:TermGenie acetyl ester metabolic process CHEBI:47622 acetyl ester metabolism CHEBI:47622 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an acetate esteran acetate ester, any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid. bf 2012-05-16T12:30:12Z acetate ester anabolism acetate ester biosynthesis acetate ester formation acetate ester synthesis acetyl ester biosynthesis acetyl ester biosynthetic process biological_process GO:1900620 acetate ester biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an acetate esteran acetate ester, any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid. GOC:TermGenie PMID:15042596 acetate ester anabolism GOC:TermGenie acetate ester biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie acetate ester formation GOC:TermGenie acetate ester synthesis GOC:TermGenie acetyl ester biosynthesis CHEBI:47622 acetyl ester biosynthetic process CHEBI:47622 The chemical reactions and pathways involving primary amino compound. bf 2012-07-18T04:44:39Z primary amino compound metabolism biological_process GO:1901160 primary amino compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving primary amino compound. GOC:TermGenie primary amino compound metabolism GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of primary amino compound. bf 2012-07-18T04:45:14Z primary amino compound anabolism primary amino compound biosynthesis primary amino compound formation primary amino compound synthesis biological_process GO:1901162 primary amino compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of primary amino compound. GOC:TermGenie primary amino compound anabolism GOC:TermGenie primary amino compound biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie primary amino compound formation GOC:TermGenie primary amino compound synthesis GOC:TermGenie Binding to catecholamine. bf 2012-09-03T14:08:44Z molecular_function GO:1901338 catecholamine binding Binding to catecholamine. GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic cyclic compound. bf 2012-09-14T09:03:51Z organic cyclic compound metabolism biological_process GO:1901360 organic cyclic compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic cyclic compound. GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound metabolism GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic cyclic compound. bf 2012-09-14T09:05:22Z organic cyclic compound anabolism organic cyclic compound biosynthesis organic cyclic compound formation organic cyclic compound synthesis biological_process GO:1901362 organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic cyclic compound. GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound anabolism GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound formation GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound synthesis GOC:TermGenie Binding to heterocyclic compound. bf 2012-09-14T13:53:50Z molecular_function GO:1901363 heterocyclic compound binding Binding to heterocyclic compound. GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways involving organonitrogen compound. pr 2012-11-04T15:17:52Z organonitrogen compound metabolism biological_process GO:1901564 organonitrogen compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organonitrogen compound. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr organonitrogen compound metabolism GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organonitrogen compound. pr 2012-11-04T15:18:00Z organonitrogen compound anabolism organonitrogen compound biosynthesis organonitrogen compound formation organonitrogen compound synthesis biological_process GO:1901566 organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organonitrogen compound. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr organonitrogen compound anabolism GOC:TermGenie organonitrogen compound biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie organonitrogen compound formation GOC:TermGenie organonitrogen compound synthesis GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. pr 2012-11-05T11:04:40Z organic molecular entity anabolism organic molecular entity biosynthesis organic molecular entity biosynthetic process organic molecular entity formation organic molecular entity synthesis organic substance anabolism organic substance biosynthesis organic substance formation organic substance synthesis biological_process GO:1901576 organic substance biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr organic molecular entity anabolism GOC:TermGenie organic molecular entity biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie organic molecular entity formation GOC:TermGenie organic molecular entity synthesis GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alpha-amino acid. tb 2012-11-08T17:39:50Z alpha-amino acid metabolism biological_process GO:1901605 alpha-amino acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alpha-amino acid. GOC:TermGenie alpha-amino acid metabolism GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alpha-amino acid. tb 2012-11-08T17:39:58Z alpha-amino acid anabolism alpha-amino acid biosynthesis alpha-amino acid formation alpha-amino acid synthesis biological_process GO:1901607 alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alpha-amino acid. GOC:TermGenie alpha-amino acid anabolism GOC:TermGenie alpha-amino acid biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie alpha-amino acid formation GOC:TermGenie alpha-amino acid synthesis GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic hydroxy compound. pr 2012-11-13T12:54:27Z organic hydroxy compound metabolism biological_process GO:1901615 organic hydroxy compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic hydroxy compound. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr organic hydroxy compound metabolism GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic hydroxy compound. pr 2012-11-13T12:54:36Z organic hydroxy compound anabolism organic hydroxy compound biosynthesis organic hydroxy compound formation organic hydroxy compound synthesis biological_process GO:1901617 organic hydroxy compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic hydroxy compound. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr organic hydroxy compound anabolism GOC:TermGenie organic hydroxy compound biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie organic hydroxy compound formation GOC:TermGenie organic hydroxy compound synthesis GOC:TermGenie A protein complex which is capable of catalytic activity. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19980 bhm 2013-11-13T16:18:47Z enzyme complex cellular_component GO:1902494 catalytic complex A protein complex which is capable of catalytic activity. GOC:TermGenie GOC:bhm PMID:8077207 enzyme complex GOC:bhm GOC:jl The disaggregation of an organelle into its constituent components. jl 2014-05-13T12:36:03Z organelle degradation biological_process GO:1903008 organelle disassembly The disaggregation of an organelle into its constituent components. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000079 The disaggregation of a nucleus into its constituent components. pr 2016-11-14T13:38:57Z cell nucleus disassembly biological_process GO:1905690 nucleus disassembly The disaggregation of a nucleus into its constituent components. GOC:TermGenie GOC:autophagy GOC:pr GO_REF:0000079 cell nucleus disassembly GOC:TermGenie A protein complex capable of catalyzing the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). bhm 2013-11-12T13:20:12Z cellular_component GO:1990234 transferase complex A protein complex capable of catalyzing the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). GOC:bhm PMID:16540464 A macromolecular complex that contains both RNA and protein molecules. pr 2015-11-19T12:26:37Z GO:0030529 GO:1990903 Wikipedia:Ribonucleoprotein RNA-protein complex RNP protein-RNA complex extracellular ribonucleoprotein complex intracellular ribonucleoprotein complex cellular_component GO:1990904 ribonucleoprotein complex A macromolecular complex that contains both RNA and protein molecules. GOC:krc GOC:vesicles A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities. PATO:0000072 trait quality PATO:0000001 quality A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities PATOC:GVG A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities. PATOC:GVG A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. quality PATO:0000051 morphology A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. PATOC:GVG A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc). PATO:0001647 relational shape quality quality PATO:0000052 Shapes are invariant on size transformations. Shapes can be subdivided into 2D and 3D shapes, We can also make a distinction between shapes of complete self-connected objects, and shapes of parts of objects. shape A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc). PATOC:GVG A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter. quality PATO:0000125 For any biological use of PATO, the concept that should be used is 'mass' and not 'weight'. For example, increased weight of an organism. mass A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter. PATOC:GVG A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. PATO:0001452 conformation relational structural quality quality PATO:0000141 structure A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. PATOC:GVG conformation VT:1000738 A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being such that every part of the surface or the circumference is equidistant from the center. quality round rounded PATO:0000411 circular A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being such that every part of the surface or the circumference is equidistant from the center. thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com A spheroid quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being oval with two axes of symmetry, as produced by a conical section. ellipse-shaped ellipsoid elliptical quality oval ovoid PATO:0000947 elliptic A spheroid quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being oval with two axes of symmetry, as produced by a conical section. PATOC:GVG A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. PATO:0002079 Wikipedia:Physical_property relational physical quality quality PATO:0001018 physical quality A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. PATOC:GVG A quality which inheres in a continuant. PATO:0001237 PATO:0001238 snap:Quality monadic quality of a continuant multiply inhering quality of a physical entity multiply inhering quality of a physical entity quality of a continuant quality of a single physical entity quality of an object quality of continuant monadic quality of an object monadic quality of continuant quality PATO:0001241 Relational qualities are qualities that hold between multiple entities. Normal (monadic) qualities such as the shape of a eyeball exist purely as a quality of that eyeball. A relational quality such as sensitivity to light is a quality of that eyeball (and connecting nervous system) as it relates to incoming light waves/particles. physical object quality A quality which inheres in a continuant. PATOC:GVG A monadic quality of continuant that exists at the cellular level of organisation. quality PATO:0001396 cellular quality A monadic quality of continuant that exists at the cellular level of organisation. PATOC:GVG A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's number of nuclei. quality PATO:0001404 nucleate quality A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's number of nuclei. PATOC:GVG A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having no nucleus. quality PATO:0001405 anucleate A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having no nucleus. Biology-online:Biology-online A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having two nuclei. quality PATO:0001406 binucleate A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having two nuclei. Biology-online:Biology-online A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one nucleus. quality PATO:0001407 mononucleate A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one nucleus. Biology-online:Biology-online A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's forming a bundle of aligned anatomical fibers, as of muscle or nerve. fascicled quality PATO:0001861 fasciculated A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's forming a bundle of aligned anatomical fibers, as of muscle or nerve. answers.com:answers.com A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a consistently-sized round cross section. PATO:0001203 rod-like rod-shaped tubulate quality PATO:0001873 cylindrical A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a consistently-sized round cross section. PATOC:MAH A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having more than one nucleus. quality PATO:0001908 multinucleate A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having more than one nucleus. PATOC:GVG A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a three dimensional cavity with a narrow or no opening, and often containing an anatomical substance. sacular sacular quality PATO:0001987 saccular A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a three dimensional cavity with a narrow or no opening, and often containing an anatomical substance. PATOC:MAH sacular EXACT An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting cells. quality PATO:0001992 cellularity An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting cells. PATOC:GVG A cellularity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting of more than one cell. quality PATO:0001993 multicellular A cellularity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting of more than one cell. PATOC:GVG A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. quality PATO:0001995 organismal quality A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. PATOC:CJM A shape that inheres in a 2 dimensional entity, such as a cross section or projection of a 3 dimensional entity. quality 2-D projection cross-sectional PATO:0002006 2-D shape A shape that inheres in a 2 dimensional entity, such as a cross section or projection of a 3 dimensional entity. PATOC:CJM A complete three dimensional shape in which for every line connecting pair of points on the object is within the object. Or: a shape lacking cavities. Contrast: concave. Image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Convex_polygon_illustration1.png quality PATO:0002007 Use this term or an is_a child of this term when the entire shape of the object is known. convex 3-D shape A complete three dimensional shape in which for every line connecting pair of points on the object is within the object. Or: a shape lacking cavities. Contrast: concave. PATOC:CJM A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer forms a bundle of anatomical fibers, as of muscle or nerve. quality PATO:0002013 fasciculation A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer forms a bundle of anatomical fibers, as of muscle or nerve. answers.com:http://www.answers.com/ A structural quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing hollow areas. quality PATO:0002014 structure, cavities A structural quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing hollow areas. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having an empty space or cavity within. 2009-09-18T02:19:20Z quality PATO:0002078 hollow A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having an empty space or cavity within. url:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hollow A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processing the form of a thin plate sheet or layer. 2009-10-06T04:37:14Z quality PATO:0002124 laminar A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processing the form of a thin plate sheet or layer. PATOC:GVG A cylindrical shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being imperfectly cylindrical or approximately cylindrical. 2010-07-13T04:22:30Z quality PATO:0002226 subcylindrical A cylindrical shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being imperfectly cylindrical or approximately cylindrical. url:http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Subcylindrical A shape that inheres in a 3 dimensional entity. 2010-10-05T12:31:16Z quality PATO:0002266 3-D shape A shape that inheres in a 3 dimensional entity. PATOC:OREGON A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a consistently sized and approximately round cross-section along its length, which is many times larger than its diameter. 2011-09-09T04:50:10Z quality PATO:0002309 Note that a fiber shaped object may take any circuitous or straight path through space (think of a length of string or rope). fiber shaped A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a consistently sized and approximately round cross-section along its length, which is many times larger than its diameter. PATOC:DC A shape constituting a transition between a rectangle and a circle; a closed curve, of which the circle and ellipse are special cases, whose parametric equation is x = a.cos2/rt, y = b.cos2/rt 2011-10-12T12:45:16Z Lamé curve quality PATO:0002318 superelliptic A shape constituting a transition between a rectangle and a circle; a closed curve, of which the circle and ellipse are special cases, whose parametric equation is x = a.cos2/rt, y = b.cos2/rt wiktionary:superellipse A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one or more nucleus. 2013-10-21T05:44:34Z quality PATO:0002505 nucleated A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one or more nucleus. PATOC:GVG A structural quality inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer consisting of a single, maximally connected structure. 2014-12-12T08:41:11Z quality PATO:0010000 What counts as maximally connected may be relative to some specification of granularity. maximally connected A structural quality inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer consisting of a single, maximally connected structure. GOC:dos A structural quality inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer consisting of multiple structures lacking any physical connection to each other. 2014-12-12T08:43:17Z quality PATO:0010001 disconnected A structural quality inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer consisting of multiple structures lacking any physical connection to each other. GOC:dos A quality of continuant that exist at the anatomical level of organisation and anything under it. This includes, but is not limited to, cells , tissues, and components. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7258-9596 quality PATO:0070044 anatomical structure quality An amino acid chain that is produced de novo by ribosome-mediated translation of a genetically-encoded mRNA, and any derivatives thereof. natural protein native protein protein PR:000000001 The definition above excludes protein complexes, which some also consider a protein. Those who wish to refer to a class representing both senses of the word are directed to CHEBI:36080. Note that the definition allows for experimentally-manipulated genes, and allows for artifically-produced derivatives that mimic those found naturally. Proteins (in the sense defined here) that descended from a common ancestor can be classified into families and superfamilies composed of products of evolutionarily-related genes. The domain architecture of a protein is described by the order of its constituent domains. Proteins with the same domains in the same order are defined as homeomorphic [PRO:WCB]. protein An amino acid chain that is produced de novo by ribosome-mediated translation of a genetically-encoded mRNA, and any derivatives thereof. PRO:DAN PRO:WCB natural protein PRO:DAN native protein IEDB:BP 2 An organic amino compound that consists of amino acid residues (unmodified amino-acid residues and/or modified amino-acid residues) linked by peptide bonds or derivatives of such bonds. peptide polypeptide protein PR:000018263 Category=polymer. amino acid chain An organic amino compound that consists of amino acid residues (unmodified amino-acid residues and/or modified amino-acid residues) linked by peptide bonds or derivatives of such bonds. PRO:DAN PRO:JSG peptide PRO:DAN polypeptide PRO:DAN A protein that is encoded in the genome of some Eukaryota. Eukaryota protein protein PR:000036194 eukaryotic protein A protein that is encoded in the genome of some Eukaryota. PRO:DAN Eukaryota protein PRO:DAN A material entity that minimally consists of a protein. protein protein aggregate protein complex protein-containing complex protein PR:000050567 Note: This includes single proteins and derivatives thereof (PR:000000001), protein-containing complexes (GO:0032991), and protein aggregates (PR:000050566). protein-containing material entity A material entity that minimally consists of a protein. PRO:DAN protein PRO:DAN protein aggregate PRO:DAN protein complex PRO:DAN protein-containing complex PRO:DAN A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated. May be replaced by a BFO class, as discussed in http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 system A group of two or more anatomical boundaries that are not contiguous with each other. anatomical boundary group The primary amine obtained by formal decarboxylation of the amino acid tyrosine. 4-(2-aminoethyl)phenol Tyramine chebi_ontology 2-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine 4-Hydroxy-beta-phenylethylamine 4-Hydroxyphenylethylamine 4-hydroxyphenethylamine C8H11NO InChI=1S/C8H11NO/c9-6-5-7-1-3-8(10)4-2-7/h1-4,10H,5-6,9H2 InChIKey=DZGWFCGJZKJUFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N NCCc1ccc(O)cc1 Tyramin beta-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine p-(2-Aminoethyl)phenol p-(2-aminoethyl)phenol p-hydroxyphenethylamine p-hydroxyphenylethylamine p-tyramine CHEBI:15760 The primary amine obtained by formal decarboxylation of the amino acid tyrosine. ANON:ANON 4-(2-aminoethyl)phenol IUPAC: Tyramine KEGG COMPOUND: 2-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine KEGG COMPOUND: 4-Hydroxy-beta-phenylethylamine HMDB: 4-Hydroxyphenylethylamine HMDB: 4-hydroxyphenethylamine ChEBI: C8H11NO KEGG COMPOUND: InChI=1S/C8H11NO/c9-6-5-7-1-3-8(10)4-2-7/h1-4,10H,5-6,9H2 ChEBI: InChIKey=DZGWFCGJZKJUFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ChEBI: NCCc1ccc(O)cc1 ChEBI: Tyramin ChemIDplus: beta-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine HMDB: p-(2-Aminoethyl)phenol HMDB: p-(2-aminoethyl)phenol ChEBI: p-hydroxyphenethylamine HMDB: p-hydroxyphenylethylamine HMDB: p-tyramine HMDB: Aralkylamine chebi_ontology Arylalkylamine aralkylamines arylalkylamine CHEBI:18000 Aralkylamine KEGG COMPOUND: Arylalkylamine KEGG COMPOUND: aralkylamines ChEBI: arylalkylamine UniProt: chebi_ontology CHEBI:22625 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000000 An individual member of the species Drosophila melanogaster. CARO:0000012 NCBITaxon:7227 fly_anatomy.ontology Drosophila whole organism FBbt:00000001 An individual member of the species Drosophila melanogaster. The three main divisions of the whole organism formed from groups of segments. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000002 The three main divisions of the whole organism formed from groups of segments. FBC:gg One of the repeated divisions of the whole organism. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000003 One of the repeated divisions of the whole organism. FBC:gg fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000004 Head segment derived from the second embryonic segment (between the labral and antennal segments). In the larva, this segment includes Bolwig's organ. fly_anatomy.ontology acron FBbt:00000005 While classically this structure is not considered to be a segment, but rather to be the non-segmental acron - anterior to the first segment, this ontology follows Schmidt-Ott and colleagues (Schmidt-Ott et al., 1994, and Schmidt-Ott and Technau, 1992) in considering it to be the second segment (posterior to the labral segment in the segmenting embryo). This is based on relating gene expression in the early segmenting embryo to the effects of loss of function mutations of these genes on formation of larval head structures. Head segment derived from the second embryonic segment (between the labral and antennal segments). In the larva, this segment includes Bolwig's organ. FlyBase:FBrf0055841 FlyBase:FBrf0075072 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000006 . FlyBase:FBrf0075072 A segment that is anterior to the gnathal segments. pregnathal segment preoral segment fly_anatomy.ontology cephalic segment procephalon FBbt:00000007 A segment that is anterior to the gnathal segments. FBC:gg Procephalic segment anterior to the antennal segment. In the adult it bears the clypeo-labrum. fly_anatomy.ontology clypeo-labrum FBbt:00000008 Procephalic segment anterior to the antennal segment. In the adult it bears the clypeo-labrum. FlyBase:FBrf0075072 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Segment anterior to the intercalary segment. In the adult it bears the antennae. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000009 Segment anterior to the intercalary segment. In the adult it bears the antennae. Most posterior of the procephalic segments. Contains the tritocerebrum. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000010 Most posterior of the procephalic segments. Contains the tritocerebrum. FlyBase:FBrf0075072 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The head segments that develop posterior to the embryonic/larval mouth. fly_anatomy.ontology postoral segment FBbt:00000011 The head segments that develop posterior to the embryonic/larval mouth. FBC:gg Most anterior of the gnathal segments. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000012 Most anterior of the gnathal segments. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Second gnathal segment, between the mandibular and labial segments. In the adult, it has a paired apodeme and a paired appendage, the maxillary palpus. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000013 Second gnathal segment, between the mandibular and labial segments. In the adult, it has a paired apodeme and a paired appendage, the maxillary palpus. FlyBase:FBrf0007734 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Most posterior of the gnathal segments. In the adult it bears a pair of fused appendages, the labia, and its ectodermal invaginations give rise to the salivary glands. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000014 Most posterior of the gnathal segments. In the adult it bears a pair of fused appendages, the labia, and its ectodermal invaginations give rise to the salivary glands. FlyBase:FBrf0007734 The main middle section of the insect body comprising three thoracic rings: the pro-, the meso- and the metathoraces which are more or less well fused and cask-like sometimes having on the upper lateral part one of two pairs of wings, while on the ventrolateral part each thoracic ring bears a pair of legs. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000015 The main middle section of the insect body comprising three thoracic rings: the pro-, the meso- and the metathoraces which are more or less well fused and cask-like sometimes having on the upper lateral part one of two pairs of wings, while on the ventrolateral part each thoracic ring bears a pair of legs. ISBN:978-3-11-014898-5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000016 The first (most anterior) segment of the thorax. fly_anatomy.ontology prothorax t1 thoracic segment 1 FBbt:00000017 The first (most anterior) segment of the thorax. The second (middle) segment of the thorax. fly_anatomy.ontology mesothorax t2 thoracic segment 2 FBbt:00000018 The second (middle) segment of the thorax. The third (most posterior) segment of the thorax. fly_anatomy.ontology metathorax t3 thoracic segment 3 FBbt:00000019 The third (most posterior) segment of the thorax. The most posterior of the three tagma (FBbt:00000002). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000020 The most posterior of the three tagma (FBbt:00000002). ISBN:978-3-11-014898-5 Metameric subdivision of the abdomen. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000021 Metameric subdivision of the abdomen. FBC:SPR fly_anatomy.ontology a1 FBbt:00000022 fly_anatomy.ontology a2 FBbt:00000023 fly_anatomy.ontology a3 FBbt:00000024 fly_anatomy.ontology a4 FBbt:00000025 fly_anatomy.ontology a5 FBbt:00000026 fly_anatomy.ontology a6 FBbt:00000027 fly_anatomy.ontology a7 FBbt:00000028 fly_anatomy.ontology a8 FBbt:00000029 fly_anatomy.ontology a9 FBbt:00000030 fly_anatomy.ontology a10 FBbt:00000031 fly_anatomy.ontology a11 FBbt:00000032 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000033 CL:0000025 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000034 The nutritive substance contained in the egg. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000035 The nutritive substance contained in the egg. FBC:gg fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000036 Made obsolete because of redundancy with GO cell component term. Please use GO:0042718 instead. ds060616. true fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000037 A hard shell external to the vitelline membrane of the egg. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000038 A hard shell external to the vitelline membrane of the egg. FBC:gg fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000039 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000040 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000041 A protective layer around the egg. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000042 A protective layer around the egg. FBC:gg A small opening at the anterior pole of the egg through which the spermatozoa enter. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000043 A small opening at the anterior pole of the egg through which the spermatozoa enter. FBC:gg Specialization of the chorion that forms the border of the operculum. The operculum opens during hatching by splitting of the eggshell along the collar. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000044 Specialization of the chorion that forms the border of the operculum. The operculum opens during hatching by splitting of the eggshell along the collar. Specialization of the chorion in the dorsal/anterior of the eggshell. Hatching occurs by splitting of the eggshell around the edge of the operculum, opening a hatch through which the larva can crawl. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000045 Specialization of the chorion in the dorsal/anterior of the eggshell. Hatching occurs by splitting of the eggshell around the edge of the operculum, opening a hatch through which the larva can crawl. Paired appendage of the eggshell, located on the anterior-dorsal side of the egg, just posterior to the operculum. Functions as a respiratory structures. chorionic appendage fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000046 Note that dorsal appendage structure varies considerably between Drosophilid species. Paired appendage of the eggshell, located on the anterior-dorsal side of the egg, just posterior to the operculum. Functions as a respiratory structures. chorionic appendage FlyBase:FBrf0047871 An acellular anatomical structure at the posterior pole of the eggshell that is postulated to act in respiration. It consists of the imprints of 6-15 small central cells surrounded by the imprints of 10-15 peripheral cells, which can be distinguished from the larger imprints of the main body follicle cells. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000047 An acellular anatomical structure at the posterior pole of the eggshell that is postulated to act in respiration. It consists of the imprints of 6-15 small central cells surrounded by the imprints of 10-15 peripheral cells, which can be distinguished from the larger imprints of the main body follicle cells. FlyBase:FBrf0123036 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000048 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000049 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000050 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000051 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000052 . FlyBase:FBrf0039741 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000053 A collective term for stages 1-4. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000054 DEPRECATION WARNING A collective term for stages 1-4. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000055 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000056 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000057 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000058 A portion of developing embryonic tissue defined by the simultaneous mitotic division of all of its component cells. replicative domain fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000059 A portion of developing embryonic tissue defined by the simultaneous mitotic division of all of its component cells. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 replicative domain FlyBase:FBrf0076117 The first mitotic domain to complete interphase 14 and enter mitosis, doing so approximately 70 minutes after the start of interphase 14. It is located dorsolaterally at the anterior the animal, and is bilaterally symmetric. mitotic domain delta14-1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000060 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. The first mitotic domain to complete interphase 14 and enter mitosis, doing so approximately 70 minutes after the start of interphase 14. It is located dorsolaterally at the anterior the animal, and is bilaterally symmetric. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Bilaterally symmetric mitotic domain that includes ventral cells immediately anterior to the cephalic fold and a contiguous stripe of cells that extends dorsally along the anterior face of the cephalic fold. mitotic domain delta14-2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000061 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. Bilaterally symmetric mitotic domain that includes ventral cells immediately anterior to the cephalic fold and a contiguous stripe of cells that extends dorsally along the anterior face of the cephalic fold. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-2 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Unpaired mitotic domain that straddles the dorsal midline near the anterior tip of the embryo. mitotic domain delta14-3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000062 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. Unpaired mitotic domain that straddles the dorsal midline near the anterior tip of the embryo. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-3 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Bilaterally symmetric domain occupying the posterior tip of the germ band. Mitosis begins just when germ band elongation starts. mitotic domain14-4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000063 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. Bilaterally symmetric domain occupying the posterior tip of the germ band. Mitosis begins just when germ band elongation starts. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain14-4 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Large, bilaterally paired mitotic domain of the embryo lying on the dorsolateral surface immediately anterior to the cephalic furrow and on the contiguous anterior face of the cephalic furrow. fly_anatomy.ontology mitotic domain delta14-5 FBbt:00000064 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. Large, bilaterally paired mitotic domain of the embryo lying on the dorsolateral surface immediately anterior to the cephalic furrow and on the contiguous anterior face of the cephalic furrow. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-5 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Bilaterally paired mitotic domain predominantly lying on the dorsolateral surface of the embryo, just posterior to the cephalic fold. The domain's anterior margin lies inside the cephalic fold, on its posterior face. mitotic domain delta14-6 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000065 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. Bilaterally paired mitotic domain predominantly lying on the dorsolateral surface of the embryo, just posterior to the cephalic fold. The domain's anterior margin lies inside the cephalic fold, on its posterior face. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-6 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Bilaterally paired mitotic domain of the embryo located wholly within the cephalic fold. mitotic domain delta14-7 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000066 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. Bilaterally paired mitotic domain of the embryo located wholly within the cephalic fold. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-7 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Unpaired mitotic domain of the embryo located immediately ahead of the 'T' at the anterior end of the ventral furrow, straddling the ventral midline. Along with mitotic domain 9, this domain is distinguished by most of its cells dividing along axes perpendicular to the embryonic surface. mitotic domain delta14-8 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000067 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. Unpaired mitotic domain of the embryo located immediately ahead of the 'T' at the anterior end of the ventral furrow, straddling the ventral midline. Along with mitotic domain 9, this domain is distinguished by most of its cells dividing along axes perpendicular to the embryonic surface. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-8 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Large, bilaterally paired mitotic domain located anterior to the cephalic fold, adjacent and ventral to mitotic domain 5. Along with mitotic domain 8, this domain is distinguished by its cells dividing along axes perpendicular to the embryonic surface. mitotic domain delta14-9 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000068 Large, bilaterally paired mitotic domain located anterior to the cephalic fold, adjacent and ventral to mitotic domain 5. Along with mitotic domain 8, this domain is distinguished by its cells dividing along axes perpendicular to the embryonic surface. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-9 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 The largest of the mitotic domains. Between 55 and 65 minutes after mitosis 14 the cells of this domain invaginate to create the ventral furrow. mitotic domain delta14-10 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000069 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. The largest of the mitotic domains. Between 55 and 65 minutes after mitosis 14 the cells of this domain invaginate to create the ventral furrow. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-10 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 A little after 80mins after mitosis 14, mitosis begins simultaneously in five dorsolateral sites on each side of the embryo. mitotic domain delta14-11 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000070 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. A little after 80mins after mitosis 14, mitosis begins simultaneously in five dorsolateral sites on each side of the embryo. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-11 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Small bilaterally paired mitotic domain of the embryo, located immediately anterior to mitotic domain 4. mitotic domain delta14-12 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000071 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. Small bilaterally paired mitotic domain of the embryo, located immediately anterior to mitotic domain 4. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-12 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Bilaterally paired mitotic domain that, along with mitotic domain 22, forms a pouch-like invagination beneath the posterior tip of the elongating germ band which holds the pole cells. The cells of mitotic domain 13 form a ring around the opening of the pouch. mitotic domain delta14-13 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000072 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. Bilaterally paired mitotic domain that, along with mitotic domain 22, forms a pouch-like invagination beneath the posterior tip of the elongating germ band which holds the pole cells. The cells of mitotic domain 13 form a ring around the opening of the pouch. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-13 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 In each half of the embryo, this mitotic domain consists of a row of one or two cells wide immediately lateral to the ventral furrow. The two rows of cells that form this domain lie on opposite sides of mitotic domain 10 in the blastoderm-stage embryo, but are brought together at the ventral midline when domain 10 invaginates. mitotic domain delta14-14 fly_anatomy.ontology mesectodermal cells FBbt:00000073 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. In each half of the embryo, this mitotic domain consists of a row of one or two cells wide immediately lateral to the ventral furrow. The two rows of cells that form this domain lie on opposite sides of mitotic domain 10 in the blastoderm-stage embryo, but are brought together at the ventral midline when domain 10 invaginates. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-14 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mesectodermal cells FlyBase:FBrf0007732 A mitotic domain region that is approximately 1 cell-wide and surrounds mitotic domains 8 and 23. mitotic domain delta14-15 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000074 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. A mitotic domain region that is approximately 1 cell-wide and surrounds mitotic domains 8 and 23. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-15 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Unpaired, chalice-shaped mitotic domain that straddles the dorsal midline, between mitotic domains 1, 3 and 20. mitotic domain delta14-18 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000077 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. Unpaired, chalice-shaped mitotic domain that straddles the dorsal midline, between mitotic domains 1, 3 and 20. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-18 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Along the length of the germ band, this long narrow domain, one or two cells wide, separates mitotic domains A and 11. mitotic domain delta14-19 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000078 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. Along the length of the germ band, this long narrow domain, one or two cells wide, separates mitotic domains A and 11. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-19 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Unpaired mitotic domain on the dorsal midline lying just posterior to mitotic domain 18, and between the paired members of domain B. mitotic domain delta14-20 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000079 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. Unpaired mitotic domain on the dorsal midline lying just posterior to mitotic domain 18, and between the paired members of domain B. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-20 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Bilaterally paired mitotic domain that, along with mitotic domain 13, forms a pouch-like invagination beneath the posterior tip of the elongating germ band which holds the pole cells. mitotic domain delta14-22 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000081 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. Bilaterally paired mitotic domain that, along with mitotic domain 13, forms a pouch-like invagination beneath the posterior tip of the elongating germ band which holds the pole cells. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-22 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Small, unpaired mitotic domain which, in the just-cellularized blastoderm, occupies the anterior tip of the embryo. mitotic domain delta14-23 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000082 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. Small, unpaired mitotic domain which, in the just-cellularized blastoderm, occupies the anterior tip of the embryo. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-23 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Small, late-dividing mitotic domain located in the presumptive head, between mitotic domains 2, 5, and 9. When the first domains are entering mitosis, mitotic domain 24 is located on the lip of the cephalic fold, but by the time the cells of this domain divide, the opening of the cephalic fold has repositioned mitotic domain 24 further forwards. mitotic domain delta14-24 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000083 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. Small, late-dividing mitotic domain located in the presumptive head, between mitotic domains 2, 5, and 9. When the first domains are entering mitosis, mitotic domain 24 is located on the lip of the cephalic fold, but by the time the cells of this domain divide, the opening of the cephalic fold has repositioned mitotic domain 24 further forwards. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-24 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 At about 115mins after the onset of mitosis stage 14, the first cells in the ventral territory immediately adjacent to mitotic domain 14, divide. These first dividing cells constitute mitotic domain 25, whose metamerically reiterated members are located amongst the cells of domain M that begin division about 25mins later and will divide asynchronously. mitotic domain delta14-25 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000084 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. At about 115mins after the onset of mitosis stage 14, the first cells in the ventral territory immediately adjacent to mitotic domain 14, divide. These first dividing cells constitute mitotic domain 25, whose metamerically reiterated members are located amongst the cells of domain M that begin division about 25mins later and will divide asynchronously. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-25 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000085 At blastoderm, prior to elongation, domain A is a wide band of cells straddling the dorsal midline and spanning the length of the germ band. Germ band elongation buckles and folds this domain. This domain becomes the amnioserosa. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000086 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. At blastoderm, prior to elongation, domain A is a wide band of cells straddling the dorsal midline and spanning the length of the germ band. Germ band elongation buckles and folds this domain. This domain becomes the amnioserosa. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Mitotic domain B is a paired domain that occupies a wedge-shaped area on the dorsolateral surface of the presumptive head. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000087 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. Mitotic domain B is a paired domain that occupies a wedge-shaped area on the dorsolateral surface of the presumptive head. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Region surrounding the segmentally reiterated mitotic domain 25 cells. Cells of mitotic domain M do not divide with any obvious bilateral symmetry. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000088 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. Region surrounding the segmentally reiterated mitotic domain 25 cells. Cells of mitotic domain M do not divide with any obvious bilateral symmetry. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Mitotic domain N is the ventrolateral region surrounding mitotic domains 16, 17 and 21. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000089 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. Mitotic domain N is the ventrolateral region surrounding mitotic domains 16, 17 and 21. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000090 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000091 The cells at the posterior of the early embryo that give rise to the germ cells. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000092 The cells at the posterior of the early embryo that give rise to the germ cells. FBC:gg The middle underside of the embryo. fly_anatomy.ontology medial cord midline FBbt:00000093 The middle underside of the embryo. FBC:gg . fly_anatomy.ontology Asn Cly FBbt:00000094 . FBC:VH Asn Cly FBC:ds555 A dorsal membrane of the embryo. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000095 A dorsal membrane of the embryo. FBC:gg fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000096 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000097 fly_anatomy.ontology anterior lateral fold FBbt:00000098 fly_anatomy.ontology posterior lateral fold FBbt:00000099 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000100 fly_anatomy.ontology intersegmental furrow FBbt:00000101 The ventral, metameric region of the developing embryonic thorax and abdomen. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000102 The ventral, metameric region of the developing embryonic thorax and abdomen. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000103 true fly_anatomy.ontology ventral plate FBbt:00000104 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000105 true fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000106 true fly_anatomy.ontology AMesEc FBbt:00000109 Primordium that is a primary subdivision of the embryo into regions based on tissue and cell-type fate and specification. Germ layers first become morphologically distinct during gastrulation. As a result of gastrulation, the endoderm becomes the inner-most layer, the mesoderm becomes the middle layer and the ectoderm becomes the outer layer. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000110 Primordium that is a primary subdivision of the embryo into regions based on tissue and cell-type fate and specification. Germ layers first become morphologically distinct during gastrulation. As a result of gastrulation, the endoderm becomes the inner-most layer, the mesoderm becomes the middle layer and the ectoderm becomes the outer layer. The outermost germ layer of the embryo. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000111 The outermost germ layer of the embryo. FBC:gg fly_anatomy.ontology AdorEc dorEc FBbt:00000112 fly_anatomy.ontology procephalic neuroectoderm FBbt:00000114 true . fly_anatomy.ontology lateral ventral neuroectoderm FBbt:00000116 . FlyBase:FBrf0076117 . fly_anatomy.ontology medial ventral neuroectoderm FBbt:00000117 . FlyBase:FBrf0076117 . fly_anatomy.ontology intermediate ventral neuroectoderm FBbt:00000118 . FlyBase:FBrf0076117 The region of the ectoderm anterior to the cephalic furrow. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000119 The region of the ectoderm anterior to the cephalic furrow. stomodeal invagination early fly_anatomy.ontology anterior midgut invagination FBbt:00000120 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000121 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000122 The posterior invagination of ectoderm that gives rise to part of the digestive system. fly_anatomy.ontology posterior midgut invagination FBbt:00000123 The posterior invagination of ectoderm that gives rise to part of the digestive system. FBC:gg Cell that has as its part a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and which has apical-basal cell polarity. CARO:0000077 CL:0000066 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000124 Cell that has as its part a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and which has apical-basal cell polarity. The innermost germ layer of the embryo. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000125 The innermost germ layer of the embryo. FBC:gg Germ layer that forms the middle layer of the embryo (between ectoderm and endoderm) following gastrulation. Its restricted fate includes forming muscle, heart, hemocytes and fat body. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000126 Germ layer that forms the middle layer of the embryo (between ectoderm and endoderm) following gastrulation. Its restricted fate includes forming muscle, heart, hemocytes and fat body. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology HeadMes HeadMesP3 P4 HeadMes head mesoderm P3 primordium head mesoderm primordium P4 procephalic mesoderm FBbt:00000127 P4 HeadMes FBC:ds555 The mesoderm of segments T1-A9. It first becomes morphologically distinct during ventral furrow formation. Following invagination during stages 6 and 7, it remains a coherent structure with no morphologically apparent subdivisions, apart from transient metamery during stage 9, until stage 11. It undergoes a number of morphological changes during this period: as its cells divide following invagination, it loses its epithelial integrity and by stage 9 has rearranged into a monolayer of cuboidal cells. A further division happens during stage 10 leading to two distinct layers by stage 11. fly_anatomy.ontology AtrunkMes P2 TrMes TrMes FBbt:00000128 The mesoderm of segments T1-A9. It first becomes morphologically distinct during ventral furrow formation. Following invagination during stages 6 and 7, it remains a coherent structure with no morphologically apparent subdivisions, apart from transient metamery during stage 9, until stage 11. It undergoes a number of morphological changes during this period: as its cells divide following invagination, it loses its epithelial integrity and by stage 9 has rearranged into a monolayer of cuboidal cells. A further division happens during stage 10 leading to two distinct layers by stage 11. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 P2 TrMes FBC:ds555 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000129 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000130 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000131 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000132 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000133 true fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000134 true FBbt:00005473 FBbt:00005520 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000135 true A double row of cells located at the midline from the end of gastrulation. The morphology of these cells is distinct from adjacent ectodermal cells - they are elongated such that one end remains exposed to the outside of the embryo at the midline while the other end bisects the internalized mesoderm. fly_anatomy.ontology MesEc FBbt:00000136 A double row of cells located at the midline from the end of gastrulation. The morphology of these cells is distinct from adjacent ectodermal cells - they are elongated such that one end remains exposed to the outside of the embryo at the midline while the other end bisects the internalized mesoderm. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000137 Metameric unit of a Drosophila embryo whose boundaries are the compartment boundaries that run through the middle of adjacent segments, parallel to the segment boundaries. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000138 Metameric unit of a Drosophila embryo whose boundaries are the compartment boundaries that run through the middle of adjacent segments, parallel to the segment boundaries. Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of the mandibular segment and the anterior compartment of the maxillary segment. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000139 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of the mandibular segment and the anterior compartment of the maxillary segment. FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of the maxillary segment and the anterior compartment of the labial segment. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000140 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of the maxillary segment and the anterior compartment of the labial segment. FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of the labial segment and the anterior compartment of thoracic segment 1 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000141 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of the labial segment and the anterior compartment of thoracic segment 1 . FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of thoracic segment 1 and the anterior compartment of thoracic segment 2 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000142 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of thoracic segment 1 and the anterior compartment of thoracic segment 2 . FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of thoracic segment 2 and the anterior compartment of thoracic segment 3 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000143 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of thoracic segment 2 and the anterior compartment of thoracic segment 3 . FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of thoracic segment 3 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 1. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000144 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of thoracic segment 3 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 1. FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 1 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 2. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000145 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 1 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 2. FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 2 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 3. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000146 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 2 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 3. FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 3 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 4. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000147 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 3 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 4. FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 4 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 5. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000148 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 4 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 5. FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 5 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 6. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000149 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 5 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 6. FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 6 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 7. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000150 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 6 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 7. FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 7 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 8. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000151 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 7 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 8. FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 8 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 9. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000152 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 8 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 9. FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 9 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 10. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000153 Definition added based on definitions for other parasegment definitions. Parasegment 14 is the most posterior parasegment mentioned in the original parasegment paper (Martinez-Arias and Lawrence, 1985), but subsequent papers (e.g.- Celniker et al., 1989, Mlodzik et al., 1990) refer to parasegment 15, and Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein (1997), refer to two parasegments posterior to parasegment 14 defined by homeotic gene expression. Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 9 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 10. FlyBase:FBrf0049804 FlyBase:FBrf0051565 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000154 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000155 fly_anatomy.ontology embryonic acron FBbt:00000156 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000157 . FlyBase:FBrf0075072 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000158 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000159 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000160 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000161 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000162 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000163 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000164 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000165 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000166 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000167 fly_anatomy.ontology prothorax t1 thoracic segment 1 FBbt:00000168 fly_anatomy.ontology mesothorax t2 thoracic segment 2 FBbt:00000169 fly_anatomy.ontology metathorax t3 thoracic segment 3 FBbt:00000170 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000171 Metameric subdivision of the embryonic abdomen. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000172 Metameric subdivision of the embryonic abdomen. FBC:SPR fly_anatomy.ontology a1 FBbt:00000173 fly_anatomy.ontology a2 FBbt:00000174 fly_anatomy.ontology a3 FBbt:00000175 fly_anatomy.ontology a4 FBbt:00000176 fly_anatomy.ontology a5 FBbt:00000177 fly_anatomy.ontology a6 FBbt:00000178 fly_anatomy.ontology a7 FBbt:00000179 fly_anatomy.ontology a8 FBbt:00000180 fly_anatomy.ontology a9 FBbt:00000181 fly_anatomy.ontology a10 FBbt:00000182 fly_anatomy.ontology a11 FBbt:00000183 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000184 FBbt:00005570 larval tracheal system fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000185 . fly_anatomy.ontology optic lobe placode optic lobe primordium FBbt:00000186 . FBC:DOS-VH fly_anatomy.ontology tracheal placode 1 FBbt:00000187 fly_anatomy.ontology tracheal placode 2 FBbt:00000188 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000189 fly_anatomy.ontology tracheal placode 3 FBbt:00000190 fly_anatomy.ontology tracheal placode 4 FBbt:00000191 fly_anatomy.ontology tracheal placode 5 FBbt:00000192 fly_anatomy.ontology tracheal placode 6 FBbt:00000193 fly_anatomy.ontology tracheal placode 7 FBbt:00000194 fly_anatomy.ontology tracheal placode 8 FBbt:00000195 fly_anatomy.ontology tracheal placode 9 FBbt:00000196 Primordium of the posterior spiracle of the larva. Originates in the posterior half of the lateral ectoderm of abdominal segment 8 during stage 12 as a group of cells that are more basophilic that those surrounding them. It forms a deep groove that fuses with the posterior arm of the tracheal primordium of A8 (tracheal metamere 10). FBbt:00005603 embryonic posterior spiracle fly_anatomy.ontology P1 PosSpi posterior spiracle specific anlage FBbt:00000197 Primordium of the posterior spiracle of the larva. Originates in the posterior half of the lateral ectoderm of abdominal segment 8 during stage 12 as a group of cells that are more basophilic that those surrounding them. It forms a deep groove that fuses with the posterior arm of the tracheal primordium of A8 (tracheal metamere 10). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 P1 PosSpi FBC:ds555 fly_anatomy.ontology tracheal pit 1 FBbt:00000199 fly_anatomy.ontology tracheal pit 2 FBbt:00000200 Tracheal pit of the abdomen. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000201 Tracheal pit of the abdomen. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 fly_anatomy.ontology tracheal pit 3 FBbt:00000202 fly_anatomy.ontology tracheal pit 4 FBbt:00000203 fly_anatomy.ontology tracheal pit 5 FBbt:00000204 fly_anatomy.ontology tracheal pit 6 FBbt:00000205 fly_anatomy.ontology tracheal pit 7 FBbt:00000206 fly_anatomy.ontology tracheal pit 8 FBbt:00000207 fly_anatomy.ontology tracheal pit 9 FBbt:00000208 fly_anatomy.ontology tracheal pit 10 FBbt:00000209 fly_anatomy.ontology Asn/A antEndo FBbt:00000210 Asn/A antEndo FBC:ds555 Larval trachea from their maturation in late embryonic stages, to their degeneration/transformation during metamorphosis. FBbt:00005575 larval trachea fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000211 Larval trachea from their maturation in late embryonic stages, to their degeneration/transformation during metamorphosis. The main airway of the larval/embryonic tracheal system, linking its metameric units and spanning the length of the animal from the anterior spiracle in the prothoracic segment to the posterior spiracle in A8 on the same side. There are two per larva, left and right. FBbt:00005577 larval dorsal trunk fly_anatomy.ontology DT dorsal longitudinal trunk great lateral trunk FBbt:00000212 The main airway of the larval/embryonic tracheal system, linking its metameric units and spanning the length of the animal from the anterior spiracle in the prothoracic segment to the posterior spiracle in A8 on the same side. There are two per larva, left and right. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Anteriorly directed dorsal branch of the tracheal primordium. Fuses to the posterior branch of the dorsal trunk of the tracheal primordium of the next segment anterior to it during stage 14. DTa fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000213 Anteriorly directed dorsal branch of the tracheal primordium. Fuses to the posterior branch of the dorsal trunk of the tracheal primordium of the next segment anterior to it during stage 14. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 DTa FlyBase:FBrf0064787 fly_anatomy.ontology DTa2 FBbt:00000214 fly_anatomy.ontology DTa3 FBbt:00000215 fly_anatomy.ontology DTa4 FBbt:00000216 fly_anatomy.ontology DTa5 FBbt:00000217 fly_anatomy.ontology DTa6 FBbt:00000218 fly_anatomy.ontology DTa7 FBbt:00000219 fly_anatomy.ontology DTa8 FBbt:00000220 fly_anatomy.ontology DTa9 FBbt:00000221 fly_anatomy.ontology DTa10 FBbt:00000222 Posteriorly directed dorsal branch of the tracheal primordium. Fuses to the anterior branch of the dorsal trunk of the tracheal primordium of the next segment posterior to it during stage 14. DTp fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000223 Posteriorly directed dorsal branch of the tracheal primordium. Fuses to the anterior branch of the dorsal trunk of the tracheal primordium of the next segment posterior to it during stage 14. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 DTp FlyBase:FBrf0064787 fly_anatomy.ontology DTp1 FBbt:00000224 fly_anatomy.ontology DTp2 FBbt:00000225 fly_anatomy.ontology DTp3 FBbt:00000226 fly_anatomy.ontology DTp4 FBbt:00000227 fly_anatomy.ontology DTp5 FBbt:00000228 fly_anatomy.ontology DTp6 FBbt:00000229 fly_anatomy.ontology DTp7 FBbt:00000230 fly_anatomy.ontology DTp8 FBbt:00000231 fly_anatomy.ontology DTp9 FBbt:00000232 Laterally located, embryonic/larval trachea that, like the dorsal trunk, runs the length of the larva from T1 to A8. It is much thinner than the dorsal trunk and follows a jagged path from segment to segment. There are two per larva, left and right. FBbt:00005579 larval lateral trunk fly_anatomy.ontology LT lateral longitudinal trunk FBbt:00000233 Laterally located, embryonic/larval trachea that, like the dorsal trunk, runs the length of the larva from T1 to A8. It is much thinner than the dorsal trunk and follows a jagged path from segment to segment. There are two per larva, left and right. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Anteriorly directed ventral branch of the tracheal primordium that gives rise to the anterior portion of the lateral trunk in each tracheal metamere. It arises as the anterior side of a bifurcation at the ventral end of the tracheal primordium during stage 12. It fuses with posterior branch of the lateral trunk of the next segment to its anterior during stage 14 or 15. LTa fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000234 Anteriorly directed ventral branch of the tracheal primordium that gives rise to the anterior portion of the lateral trunk in each tracheal metamere. It arises as the anterior side of a bifurcation at the ventral end of the tracheal primordium during stage 12. It fuses with posterior branch of the lateral trunk of the next segment to its anterior during stage 14 or 15. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LTa FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LTa2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000235 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LTa2 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LTa3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000236 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LTa3 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LTa4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000237 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LTa4 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LTa5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000238 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LTa5 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LTa6 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000239 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LTa6 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LTa7 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000240 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LTa7 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LTa8 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000241 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LTa8 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LTa9 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000242 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LTa9 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LTa10 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000243 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LTa10 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Posteriorly directed ventral branch of the tracheal primordium that gives rise to the posterior portion of the lateral trunk in each tracheal metamere. It arises as the posterior side of a bifurcation at the ventral end of the tracheal primordium during stage 12. It fuses with posterior branch of the lateral trunk of the next segment to its posterior during stage 14 or 15. LTp fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000244 Posteriorly directed ventral branch of the tracheal primordium that gives rise to the posterior portion of the lateral trunk in each tracheal metamere. It arises as the posterior side of a bifurcation at the ventral end of the tracheal primordium during stage 12. It fuses with posterior branch of the lateral trunk of the next segment to its posterior during stage 14 or 15. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LTp FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LTp1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000245 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LTp1 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LTp2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000246 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LTp2 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LTp3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000247 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LTp3 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LTp4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000248 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LTp4 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LTp5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000249 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LTp5 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LTp6 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000250 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LTp6 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LTp7 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000251 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LTp7 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LTp8 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000252 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LTp8 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LTp9 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000253 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LTp9 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Embryonic/larval trachea that connects the dorsal and lateral trunks. FBbt:00001923 larval transverse connective fly_anatomy.ontology a and b branch outer segmental trachea ventral segmental trachea FBbt:00000254 Embryonic/larval trachea that connects the dorsal and lateral trunks. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology TC1 FBbt:00000255 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology TC2 FBbt:00000256 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology TC3 FBbt:00000257 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology TC4 FBbt:00000258 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology TC5 FBbt:00000259 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology TC6 FBbt:00000260 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology TC7 FBbt:00000261 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology TC8 FBbt:00000262 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology TC9 FBbt:00000263 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology TC10 FBbt:00000264 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Embryonic/larval trachea that branches dorsally from the dorsal trunk. It tracheates the dorsal epidermis and dorsal vessel. Each dorsal branch connects to the contralateral branch of the same tracheal metamere via the dorsal anastomosis. FBbt:00005582 larval dorsal branch fly_anatomy.ontology dorsal trachea inner segmental trachea small dorsal commissure FBbt:00000265 Embryonic/larval trachea that branches dorsally from the dorsal trunk. It tracheates the dorsal epidermis and dorsal vessel. Each dorsal branch connects to the contralateral branch of the same tracheal metamere via the dorsal anastomosis. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology DB1 dorsal branch 1 FBbt:00000266 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology DB2 dorsal branch 2 FBbt:00000267 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology DB3 dorsal branch 3 FBbt:00000268 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology DB4 dorsal branch 4 FBbt:00000269 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology DB5 dorsal branch 5 FBbt:00000270 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology DB6 dorsal branch 6 FBbt:00000271 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology DB7 dorsal branch 7 FBbt:00000272 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology DB8 dorsal branch 8 FBbt:00000273 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology DB9 dorsal branch 9 FBbt:00000274 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology DB10 dorsal branch 10 FBbt:00000275 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Tracheal node that connects the left and right dorsal branches of an embryonic/larval tracheal metamere. Forms during stage 16. FBbt:00005583 FBbt:00005584 embryonic dorsal anastomosis larval dorsal anastomosis fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000276 Tracheal node that connects the left and right dorsal branches of an embryonic/larval tracheal metamere. Forms during stage 16. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . DA2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000277 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 DA2 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . DA3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000278 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 DA3 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . DA4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000279 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 DA4 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . DA5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000280 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 DA5 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . DA6 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000281 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 DA6 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . DA7 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000282 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 DA7 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . DA8 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000283 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 DA8 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . DA9 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000284 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 DA9 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Secondary trachea that branches from the dorsal branch. The number and position of these branches is variable. FBbt:00005586 DG larval dorsal group branch fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000285 Secondary trachea that branches from the dorsal branch. The number and position of these branches is variable. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 DG FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology DG1 FBbt:00000286 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology DG2 FBbt:00000287 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology DG3 FBbt:00000288 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology DG4 FBbt:00000289 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology DG5 FBbt:00000290 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology DG6 FBbt:00000291 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology DG7 FBbt:00000292 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology DG8 FBbt:00000293 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology DG9 FBbt:00000294 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology DG10 FBbt:00000295 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Embryonic/larval trachea that branches from a transverse connective and tracheates the viscera. FBbt:00005588 larval visceral branch fly_anatomy.ontology intestinal branch k branch FBbt:00000296 Tracheal metameres 1, 3, 9 and 10 lack visceral branches (Manning and Krasnow, 1993, pg 632). Embryonic/larval trachea that branches from a transverse connective and tracheates the viscera. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology VB2 FBbt:00000297 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology VB4 FBbt:00000298 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology VB5 FBbt:00000299 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology VB6 FBbt:00000300 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology VB7 FBbt:00000301 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology VB8 FBbt:00000302 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Embryonic/larval trachea that branches from a transverse connective and connects to a spiracle. FBbt:00005590 larval spiracular branch fly_anatomy.ontology spiracular trachea FBbt:00000303 Embryonic/larval trachea that branches from a transverse connective and connects to a spiracle. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Embryonic/larval trachea that connects to the anterior spiracle. fly_anatomy.ontology SB1 FBbt:00000304 Embryonic/larval trachea that connects to the anterior spiracle. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 An embryonic larval trachea whose lumen has collapsed, forming a solid cord and that is connected to the non-functional spiracle of T3 and transverse connective 2. FBbt:00000316 fly_anatomy.ontology SB2 FBbt:00000305 An embryonic larval trachea whose lumen has collapsed, forming a solid cord and that is connected to the non-functional spiracle of T3 and transverse connective 2. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 An embryonic larval trachea whose lumen has collapsed, forming a solid cord and that is connected to the non-functional spiracle of A1 and transverse connective 3. FBbt:00000317 non-functional spiracular branch 3 fly_anatomy.ontology SB3 FBbt:00000306 An embryonic larval trachea whose lumen has collapsed, forming a solid cord and that is connected to the non-functional spiracle of A1 and transverse connective 3. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 An embryonic larval trachea whose lumen has collapsed, forming a solid cord and that is connected to the non-functional spiracle of A2 and transverse connective 4. FBbt:00000318 non-functional spiracular branch 4 fly_anatomy.ontology SB4 FBbt:00000307 An embryonic larval trachea whose lumen has collapsed, forming a solid cord and that is connected to the non-functional spiracle of A2 and transverse connective 4. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 An embryonic larval trachea whose lumen has collapsed, forming a solid cord and that is connected to the non-functional spiracle of A3 and transverse connective 5. FBbt:00000319 non-functional spiracular branch 5 fly_anatomy.ontology SB5 FBbt:00000308 An embryonic larval trachea whose lumen has collapsed, forming a solid cord and that is connected to the non-functional spiracle of A3 and transverse connective 5. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 An embryonic larval trachea whose lumen has collapsed, forming a solid cord and that is connected to the non-functional spiracle of A4 and transverse connective 6. FBbt:00000320 non-functional spiracular branch 6 fly_anatomy.ontology SB6 FBbt:00000309 An embryonic larval trachea whose lumen has collapsed, forming a solid cord and that is connected to the non-functional spiracle of A4 and transverse connective 6. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 An embryonic larval trachea whose lumen has collapsed, forming a solid cord and that is connected to the non-functional spiracle of A5 and transverse connective 7. FBbt:00000321 non-functional spiracular branch 7 fly_anatomy.ontology SB7 FBbt:00000310 An embryonic larval trachea whose lumen has collapsed, forming a solid cord and that is connected to the non-functional spiracle of A5 and transverse connective 7. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 An embryonic larval trachea whose lumen has collapsed, forming a solid cord and that is connected to the non-functional spiracle of A6 and transverse connective 8. FBbt:00000322 non-functional spiracular branch 8 fly_anatomy.ontology SB8 FBbt:00000311 An embryonic larval trachea whose lumen has collapsed, forming a solid cord and that is connected to the non-functional spiracle of A6 and transverse connective 8. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . FBbt:00000323 non-functional spiracular branch 9 fly_anatomy.ontology SB9 FBbt:00000312 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Embryonic/larval trachea that is the part of the dorsal longitudinal trunk and that runs from its branch point with transverse connective 10 to the spiracular chamber of the posterior spiracle. fly_anatomy.ontology SB10 FBbt:00000313 Embryonic/larval trachea that is the part of the dorsal longitudinal trunk and that runs from its branch point with transverse connective 10 to the spiracular chamber of the posterior spiracle. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 A trachea attached to a non-functional spiracle and whose lumen has collapsed, forming a solid cord. collapsed spiracular trachea spiracular thread fly_anatomy.ontology Palmen's threads FBbt:00000314 A trachea attached to a non-functional spiracle and whose lumen has collapsed, forming a solid cord. FlyBase:FBrf0011558 spiracular thread FlyBase:FBrf0011558 FBbt:00000303 FBbt:00000314 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000315 This branch does not exist. true FBbt:00000303 FBbt:00000314 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000324 This branch does not exist. true Embryonic/larval trachea that branches from the lateral trunk and which tracheates the ventral nerve cord. FBbt:00005592 larval ganglionic branch fly_anatomy.ontology ganglionic trachea i branch ventral ganglionic branch FBbt:00000325 Embryonic/larval trachea that branches from the lateral trunk and which tracheates the ventral nerve cord. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 fly_anatomy.ontology GB0 FBbt:00000326 . fly_anatomy.ontology GB1 FBbt:00000327 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology GB2 FBbt:00000328 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology GB3 FBbt:00000329 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology GB4 FBbt:00000330 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology GB5 FBbt:00000331 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology GB6 FBbt:00000332 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology GB7 FBbt:00000333 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology GB8 FBbt:00000334 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology GB9 FBbt:00000335 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Tracheal node that connects the left and right ganglionic branches of an embryonic/larval tracheal metamere. Only 3 pairs of ganglionic branches are joined at the midline by a ventral anastomosis: ganglionic branches 0, 1 and 2. Forms during embryonic stage 16. FBbt:00005593 FBbt:00005594 embryonic ventral anastomosis larval ventral anastomosis fly_anatomy.ontology ventral commissure FBbt:00000336 Tracheal node that connects the left and right ganglionic branches of an embryonic/larval tracheal metamere. Only 3 pairs of ganglionic branches are joined at the midline by a ventral anastomosis: ganglionic branches 0, 1 and 2. Forms during embryonic stage 16. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology VA0 FBbt:00000337 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology VA1 FBbt:00000338 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology VA2 FBbt:00000339 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Embryonic/larval trachea that branches from the transverse connective and tracheates the fat body. FBbt:00005596 larval fat body branch fly_anatomy.ontology c branch FBbt:00000340 Embryonic/larval trachea that branches from the transverse connective and tracheates the fat body. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Larval trachea that branches from the transverse connective and tracheates the fat body. Develops during the larval stages. fly_anatomy.ontology FB1 FBbt:00000341 Larval trachea that branches from the transverse connective and tracheates the fat body. Develops during the larval stages. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology FB2 FBbt:00000342 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology FB3 FBbt:00000343 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology FB4 FBbt:00000344 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology FB5 FBbt:00000345 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology FB6 FBbt:00000346 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology FB7 FBbt:00000347 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology FB8 FBbt:00000348 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology FB9 FBbt:00000349 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology FB10 FBbt:00000350 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Branch from the lateral trunk that remains superficial and tracheates the ventral/lateral epidermis and/or musculature. FBbt:00005598 larval lateral group branch fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000351 Branch from the lateral trunk that remains superficial and tracheates the ventral/lateral epidermis and/or musculature. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Ventrally directed secondary tracheal branch from the lateral trunk in the anterior of a segment. LE fly_anatomy.ontology e branch FBbt:00000352 Ventrally directed secondary tracheal branch from the lateral trunk in the anterior of a segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LE FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LE2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000353 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LE2 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LE3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000354 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LE3 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LE4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000355 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LE4 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LE5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000356 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LE5 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LE6 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000357 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LE6 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LE7 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000358 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LE7 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LE8 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000359 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LE8 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LE9 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000360 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LE9 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LE10 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000361 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LE10 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Dorsally directed secondary tracheal branch from the lateral trunk in the anterior of a segment. LF fly_anatomy.ontology f branch FBbt:00000362 Dorsally directed secondary tracheal branch from the lateral trunk in the anterior of a segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LF FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LF2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000363 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LF2 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LF3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000364 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LF3 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LF4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000365 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LF4 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LF5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000366 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LF5 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LF6 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000367 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LF6 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LF7 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000368 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LF7 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LF8 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000369 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LF8 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LF9 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000370 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LF9 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LF10 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000371 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LF10 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Secondary trachea that branch from (or close to) the tracheal node where segments of lateral trunk from adjacent metameres fuse. There are 2 or 3 of these per metamere. LG fly_anatomy.ontology g branch FBbt:00000372 Secondary trachea that branch from (or close to) the tracheal node where segments of lateral trunk from adjacent metameres fuse. There are 2 or 3 of these per metamere. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LG FlyBase:FBrf0064787 FBbt:00000372 fly_anatomy.ontology LG2 FBbt:00000373 According to Manning and Krasnow, 1993 (FBrf0064787; page 628), no lateral ganglionic branch exists in tracheal metamere 2. true FBbt:00000372 fly_anatomy.ontology LG3 FBbt:00000374 According to Manning and Krasnow, 1993 (FBrf0064787; page 628), no lateral ganglionic branch exists in tracheal metamere 3. true . LG4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000375 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LG4 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LG5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000376 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LG5 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LG6 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000377 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LG6 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LG7 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000378 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LG7 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LG8 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000379 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LG8 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology LG9 FBbt:00000380 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LG10 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000381 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LG10 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Ventrally directed secondary tracheal branch from the lateral trunk in the posterior of a segment. LH h branch fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000382 Ventrally directed secondary tracheal branch from the lateral trunk in the posterior of a segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LH FlyBase:FBrf0064787 h branch FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LH2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000383 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LH2 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LH3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000384 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LH3 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LH4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000385 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LH4 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LH5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000386 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LH5 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LH6 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000387 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LH6 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LH7 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000388 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LH7 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LH8 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000389 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LH8 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LH9 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000390 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LH9 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . LH10 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000391 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LH10 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000392 . FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Anterodorsally oriented, embryonic/larval trachea that branches from the dorsal trunk in tracheal metamere 1. fly_anatomy.ontology CP dorsal cervical branch FBbt:00000393 Anterodorsally oriented, embryonic/larval trachea that branches from the dorsal trunk in tracheal metamere 1. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Embryonic/larval trachea that arises from a bifurcation of the cerebropharyngeal branch and targets (tracheates) the pharynx. fly_anatomy.ontology PB anterior branch of dorsal cervical branch FBbt:00000394 Embryonic/larval trachea that arises from a bifurcation of the cerebropharyngeal branch and targets (tracheates) the pharynx. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Anteriorly oriented, embryonic/larval trachea that arises from a bifurcation of the cerebropharyngeal branch and targets (tracheates) the brain. fly_anatomy.ontology CB posterior branch of dorsal cervical branch FBbt:00000395 Anteriorly oriented, embryonic/larval trachea that arises from a bifurcation of the cerebropharyngeal branch and targets (tracheates) the brain. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Tracheal node formed by fusion of spurs from the left and right cerebral branches. fly_anatomy.ontology CA dorsal cervical anastomosis FBbt:00000396 Maybe - median anastomosis. Tracheal node formed by fusion of spurs from the left and right cerebral branches. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Branch of the first tracheal metamere the tracheates the head but not (largely) the brain or foregut. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000397 Not to be confused with the cerebral or pharyngeal branches. Branch of the first tracheal metamere the tracheates the head but not (largely) the brain or foregut. Embryonic/larval trachea that branches anteriorly from dorsal branch 1. DC fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000398 Embryonic/larval trachea that branches anteriorly from dorsal branch 1. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 DC FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Embryonic/larval trachea that branches anteriorly from the lateral trunk close to transverse connective 1 and courses anterodorsally and superficially. LC fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000399 Embryonic/larval trachea that branches anteriorly from the lateral trunk close to transverse connective 1 and courses anterodorsally and superficially. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 LC FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Embryonic/larval trachea that branches anteriorly from the lateral trunk, just ventral to the lateral cephalic branch. It tracheates the head. fly_anatomy.ontology VC ventral cervical branch FBbt:00000400 Embryonic/larval trachea that branches anteriorly from the lateral trunk, just ventral to the lateral cephalic branch. It tracheates the head. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000401 Thin, ventro-posteriorly directed branch from the posterior of the lateral trunk in tracheal metamere 10 (A8). fly_anatomy.ontology LP FBbt:00000402 Thin, ventro-posteriorly directed branch from the posterior of the lateral trunk in tracheal metamere 10 (A8). FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Primary trachea that branches from the point where the lateral trunk meets the transverse connective of tracheal metamere 10 (A8). fly_anatomy.ontology CH FBbt:00000403 Primary trachea that branches from the point where the lateral trunk meets the transverse connective of tracheal metamere 10 (A8). FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Primary trachea that arises as a posterior bifurcation of the caudal-hindgut branch of tracheal metamere 10 (A8) and splits into 4 branches that project posteriorly. CaB fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000404 Primary trachea that arises as a posterior bifurcation of the caudal-hindgut branch of tracheal metamere 10 (A8) and splits into 4 branches that project posteriorly. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 CaB FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Primary trachea that arises as a posterior bifurcation of the caudal-hindgut branch of tracheal metamere 10 (A8) and ramifies into four or more branches on the surface of the hindgut. HB fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000405 Primary trachea that arises as a posterior bifurcation of the caudal-hindgut branch of tracheal metamere 10 (A8) and ramifies into four or more branches on the surface of the hindgut. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 HB FlyBase:FBrf0064787 FBbt:00005600 larval spiracle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000406 Embryonic/larval spiracle housed in a protrusion of the prothoracic segment. These spiracles only become functional in the second instar when the spiracle has a club-like structure with eight lobes. A fine thread from the anterior spiracular gland is associated with each of the lobes. Late in the second instar, 8 protruding branches (papillae) develop around this club like structure, these become the spiracular ducts of the third instar spiracle, each with a spiracular opening. FBbt:00005602 larval anterior spiracle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000407 Embryonic/larval spiracle housed in a protrusion of the prothoracic segment. These spiracles only become functional in the second instar when the spiracle has a club-like structure with eight lobes. A fine thread from the anterior spiracular gland is associated with each of the lobes. Late in the second instar, 8 protruding branches (papillae) develop around this club like structure, these become the spiracular ducts of the third instar spiracle, each with a spiracular opening. FlyBase:FBrf0034081 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Retractable finger of the anterior spiracle of the third instar larva. Each has a spiracular opening and serves as a spiracular duct. There are 8 of these per spiracle: 4 long and 4 short. fly_anatomy.ontology protruding branch FBbt:00000408 Retractable finger of the anterior spiracle of the third instar larva. Each has a spiracular opening and serves as a spiracular duct. There are 8 of these per spiracle: 4 long and 4 short. FlyBase:FBrf0034081 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 A mass of about 30-50 polytene cells located in the protrusion of the prothoracic segment that houses the anterior spiracle of the larva. During the second instar, it is linked by ducts to the lobes of the anterior spiracle. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000409 A mass of about 30-50 polytene cells located in the protrusion of the prothoracic segment that houses the anterior spiracle of the larva. During the second instar, it is linked by ducts to the lobes of the anterior spiracle. FlyBase:FBrf0034081 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000410 Cuticular scar associated with the anterior spiracle that is a remnant of moulting. fly_anatomy.ontology ecdysial scar FBbt:00000411 Cuticular scar associated with the anterior spiracle that is a remnant of moulting. FlyBase:FBrf0034081 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Spiracle that only opens during moulting, allowing ejection of the chitinous lining of or the trachea of the previous instar. The rest of the time, these are only identifiable as a thickening of the cuticle. During larval stages, the spiracles of tracheal metameres 2-9 are all of this type. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000412 Spiracle that only opens during moulting, allowing ejection of the chitinous lining of or the trachea of the previous instar. The rest of the time, these are only identifiable as a thickening of the cuticle. During larval stages, the spiracles of tracheal metameres 2-9 are all of this type. FlyBase:FBrf0034081 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000413 FBbt:00000412 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000414 Does not exist. true fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000415 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000416 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000417 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000418 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000419 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000420 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000421 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000422 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000423 The main spiracle of the larva. During the first larval instar it is the only functional spiracle of the larva. A bilateral pair of these spiracles is housed in a bilateral pair of integumentary specializations - the stigmatophores. Each consists of a plate containing the spiracular openings. These connect to a spiracular chamber which in turn connects to the posterior end of the dorsal trunk. FBbt:00005604 larval posterior spiracle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000424 The main spiracle of the larva. During the first larval instar it is the only functional spiracle of the larva. A bilateral pair of these spiracles is housed in a bilateral pair of integumentary specializations - the stigmatophores. Each consists of a plate containing the spiracular openings. These connect to a spiracular chamber which in turn connects to the posterior end of the dorsal trunk. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 External protrusion of the integument at the posterior terminal of the larva that houses the posterior spiracles. When the larva is buried in the semi-liquid medium where it feeds, the stigmatophore periscopes out of the medium, allowing the larva to continue breathing. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000425 External protrusion of the integument at the posterior terminal of the larva that houses the posterior spiracles. When the larva is buried in the semi-liquid medium where it feeds, the stigmatophore periscopes out of the medium, allowing the larva to continue breathing. FlyBase:FBrf0111388 Epithelial tube that connects spiracular trachea 10 to the embryonic/larval posterior spiracle. It is lined with cuticular threads call filzkorper, covered in oily secretions from the spiracular gland. fly_anatomy.ontology atrium FBbt:00000426 Epithelial tube that connects spiracular trachea 10 to the embryonic/larval posterior spiracle. It is lined with cuticular threads call filzkorper, covered in oily secretions from the spiracular gland. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 FlyBase:FBrf0111388 Sclerotized plate of the embryonic/larval posterior spiracle containing the spiracular openings. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000427 Sclerotized plate of the embryonic/larval posterior spiracle containing the spiracular openings. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 fly_anatomy.ontology spiracular cleft spiracular slit FBbt:00000428 Deformation in the spiracular plate that is a remnant of molting. fly_anatomy.ontology ecdysial scar FBbt:00000429 Deformation in the spiracular plate that is a remnant of molting. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Cuticular filament that connects the spiracular scar to the base of the spiracular chamber in the larval posterior spiracle during the second and third instars. It is a remnant of the expulsion of the spiracular cuticle during molting. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000430 Cuticular filament that connects the spiracular scar to the base of the spiracular chamber in the larval posterior spiracle during the second and third instars. It is a remnant of the expulsion of the spiracular cuticle during molting. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Sensillum of the embryonic/larval posterior spiracle. It consists of a cluster of branched hairs sharing a common socket. fly_anatomy.ontology sph FBbt:00000431 Candidate for merge with spiracular sensillum trichodeum? Sensillum of the embryonic/larval posterior spiracle. It consists of a cluster of branched hairs sharing a common socket. FlyBase:FBrf0064526 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000433 Fine cuticular thread that lines the spiracular chamber. fly_anatomy.ontology felt chamber FBbt:00000434 Fine cuticular thread that lines the spiracular chamber. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 FlyBase:FBrf0111388 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000435 . FlyBase:FBrf0078722 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000436 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000437 The sum of all the structures in the embryo that will develop into the embryonic/larval digestive system. fly_anatomy.ontology embryonic digestive system FBbt:00000438 The sum of all the structures in the embryo that will develop into the embryonic/larval digestive system. FlyBase:FBrf0007733 FlyBase:FBrf0064792 FlyBase:FBrf0076136 embryonic digestive system The anterior part of the embryonic digestive system deriving from the stomodeal invagination of the ectoderm. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000439 The anterior part of the embryonic digestive system deriving from the stomodeal invagination of the ectoderm. FBC:gg The posterior part of the alimentary canal deriving from the amnioproctodeal invagination of the ectoderm. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000440 The posterior part of the alimentary canal deriving from the amnioproctodeal invagination of the ectoderm. FBC:gg fly_anatomy.ontology P2 pHiGP pHiGP2 FBbt:00000441 P2 pHiGP FBC:ds555 fly_anatomy.ontology MTP2 P2 MalT FBbt:00000442 P2 MalT FBC:ds555 fly_anatomy.ontology salivary gland placode FBbt:00000443 The primordium that will develop into the anterior midgut of both larva and adult. This forms during stage 8 when anterior endoderm cells, which have invaginated at the anterior end of the ventral furrow, divide and undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. During stage 9, its cells divide a second time. During stage 10, the primordium attaches to the internal end of the stomodeum and spreads posteriorly with the stomodeal invagination, splitting into two lobes extending on either side of the yolk sac. A separate group of cells fuse with this primordium during stage 11. These cells delaminate from the stomodeum, becoming mesenchymal and mingling with the existing cells of the primordium. Fate mapping suggests that these cells will form the anterior-most part of the midgut, including the gastric caeca (Technau and Campos-Ortega, 1985). Adult midgut progenitors separate from the primordium during late stage 11 and stage 12. The remaining cells reorganize to become epithelial plates which then begin to fuse with the posterior midgut primordium during stage 12, forming the fused midgut primordium. FBbt:00005245 FBbt:00005250 anterior midgut inclusive primordium anterior midgut proper primordium fly_anatomy.ontology P2 antEndoP antMGP2 embryonic anterior midgut FBbt:00000444 This primordium may be temporally subdivided into the inclusive anterior midgut primordium, including adult midgut progenitors and the anterior midgut primordium proper, which contains only progenitors of the embryonic/larval midgut. However, the primordium proper exists only briefly during stage 12 and so we have chosen not to represent it in this ontology. Please use 'anterior midgut primordium' for both cases. Note, there is some controversy surrounding the account of anterior midgut development given in this definition. See Foe, 1989 and notes on this paper in Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, pg 151-152). The primordium that will develop into the anterior midgut of both larva and adult. This forms during stage 8 when anterior endoderm cells, which have invaginated at the anterior end of the ventral furrow, divide and undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. During stage 9, its cells divide a second time. During stage 10, the primordium attaches to the internal end of the stomodeum and spreads posteriorly with the stomodeal invagination, splitting into two lobes extending on either side of the yolk sac. A separate group of cells fuse with this primordium during stage 11. These cells delaminate from the stomodeum, becoming mesenchymal and mingling with the existing cells of the primordium. Fate mapping suggests that these cells will form the anterior-most part of the midgut, including the gastric caeca (Technau and Campos-Ortega, 1985). Adult midgut progenitors separate from the primordium during late stage 11 and stage 12. The remaining cells reorganize to become epithelial plates which then begin to fuse with the posterior midgut primordium during stage 12, forming the fused midgut primordium. FlyBase:FBrf0043522 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 P2 antEndoP FBC:ds555 . fly_anatomy.ontology A antEndoA FBbt:00000445 . A antEndoA FBC:ds555 A large basophilic cell that is a precursor of the midgut interstitial cells. These cells delaminate from the tip of the posterior midgut primordium during stage 11 to form the midgut interstitial cell primordium. They intercalate back into the midgut epithelium towards the end of stage 14. ICP large basophilic midgut cell fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000446 A large basophilic cell that is a precursor of the midgut interstitial cells. These cells delaminate from the tip of the posterior midgut primordium during stage 11 to form the midgut interstitial cell primordium. They intercalate back into the midgut epithelium towards the end of stage 14. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 large basophilic midgut cell FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The precursor of the posterior part of the endoderm, prior to its invagination during stage 7. fly_anatomy.ontology Asn/A postEndo FBbt:00000447 The precursor of the posterior part of the endoderm, prior to its invagination during stage 7. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Asn/A postEndo FBC:ds555 A cell that is a progenitor of the adult midgut and is part of the embryonic/larval midgut. These cells occupy a basal position in the midgut epithelium and divide twice during larval stages to form clusters of four cells called midgut imaginal islands. AMP spindle cell fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000449 A cell that is a progenitor of the adult midgut and is part of the embryonic/larval midgut. These cells occupy a basal position in the midgut epithelium and divide twice during larval stages to form clusters of four cells called midgut imaginal islands. FlyBase:FBrf0064792 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 spindle cell FlyBase:FBrf0064792 A cell that is a progenitor of the adult midgut and is part of the anterior embryonic/larval midgut. These cells occupy a basal position in the midgut epithelium and proliferate during larval stages. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000450 A cell that is a progenitor of the adult midgut and is part of the anterior embryonic/larval midgut. These cells occupy a basal position in the midgut epithelium and proliferate during larval stages. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A cell that is a progenitor of the adult midgut and is part of the posterior embryonic/larval midgut. These cells occupy a basal position in the midgut epithelium and proliferate during larval stages. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000451 A cell that is a progenitor of the adult midgut and is part of the posterior embryonic/larval midgut. These cells occupy a basal position in the midgut epithelium and proliferate during larval stages. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Anterior-most chamber of the embryonic midgut. The posterior boundary of this chamber results from the formation of the midgut constriction 1 in early stage 16. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000453 Anterior-most chamber of the embryonic midgut. The posterior boundary of this chamber results from the formation of the midgut constriction 1 in early stage 16. FlyBase:FBrf0051566 Second anterior-most chamber of the embryonic midgut. The anterior boundary of this chamber forms from the midgut constriction 1, and the posterior boundary from the midgut constriction 2. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000454 Second anterior-most chamber of the embryonic midgut. The anterior boundary of this chamber forms from the midgut constriction 1, and the posterior boundary from the midgut constriction 2. FlyBase:FBrf0051566 Second posterior-most chamber of the embryonic midgut. The anterior boundary of this chamber forms from the midgut constriction 2, and the posterior from the midgut constriction 3. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000455 Second posterior-most chamber of the embryonic midgut. The anterior boundary of this chamber forms from the midgut constriction 2, and the posterior from the midgut constriction 3. FlyBase:FBrf0051566 Posterior-most chamber of the embryonic midgut. The anterior boundary of this chamber forms from the midgut constriction 3. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000456 Posterior-most chamber of the embryonic midgut. The anterior boundary of this chamber forms from the midgut constriction 3. FlyBase:FBrf0051566 Constriction forming in the embryonic midgut between stage 15 and 16 caused by contraction of the mesoderm which, as a result, penetrates the underlying endoderm. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000457 Constriction forming in the embryonic midgut between stage 15 and 16 caused by contraction of the mesoderm which, as a result, penetrates the underlying endoderm. FlyBase:FBrf0051566 Third, and final, of the midgut constrictions to form, doing so during early stage 16 anterior to the midgut constriction 2. anterior constriction fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000458 Third, and final, of the midgut constrictions to form, doing so during early stage 16 anterior to the midgut constriction 2. FlyBase:FBrf0051566 anterior constriction FlyBase:FBrf0051566 First of the midgut constrictions to form. At stage 15 this constriction forms in the middle position of the midgut close to the anterior bend of the hindgut. middle constriction fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000459 First of the midgut constrictions to form. At stage 15 this constriction forms in the middle position of the midgut close to the anterior bend of the hindgut. FlyBase:FBrf0051566 middle constriction FlyBase:FBrf0051566 Second of the midgut constrictions to form, doing so during early stage 16 posterior to midgut constriction 2. posterior constriction fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000460 Second of the midgut constrictions to form, doing so during early stage 16 posterior to midgut constriction 2. FlyBase:FBrf0051566 posterior constriction FlyBase:FBrf0051566 fly_anatomy.ontology P1 IOA FBbt:00000461 P1 IOA FBC:ds555 Muscle system of the embryonic/larval stage. FBbt:00005648 larval muscle system fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000462 Muscle system of the embryonic/larval stage. FlyBase:FBrf0031016 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 FlyBase:FBrf0044229 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 CL:0000056 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000463 FBbt:00005650 larval somatic muscle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000464 FBbt:00005652 embryonic/larval body wall muscle fly_anatomy.ontology larval hypodermal muscle FBbt:00000465 A hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature that runs from a dorsal anterior muscle attachment site to a ventral posterior one. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000466 A hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature that runs from a dorsal anterior muscle attachment site to a ventral posterior one. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 A dorsally located hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature that runs from a dorsal anterior muscle attachment site to a ventral posterior one. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000467 A dorsally located hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature that runs from a dorsal anterior muscle attachment site to a ventral posterior one. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 A laterally located hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature that runs from a dorsal anterior muscle attachment site to a ventral posterior one. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000468 A laterally located hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature that runs from a dorsal anterior muscle attachment site to a ventral posterior one. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 A ventrally located hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature that runs from a dorsal anterior muscle attachment site to a ventral posterior one. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000469 A ventrally located hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature that runs from a dorsal anterior muscle attachment site to a ventral posterior one. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 A hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature with a transverse orientation (i.e. perpendicular to the anterior-posterior axis of the body). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000470 A hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature with a transverse orientation (i.e. perpendicular to the anterior-posterior axis of the body). FlyBase:FBrf0064793 A dorsally located hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature with a transverse orientation. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000471 A dorsally located hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature with a transverse orientation. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 A laterally located hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature with a transverse orientation. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000472 A laterally located hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature with a transverse orientation. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 A ventrally located hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature with a transverse orientation. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000473 A ventrally located hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature with a transverse orientation. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 A hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature that runs from a dorsal posterior muscle attachment site to a ventral anterior one. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000474 A hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature that runs from a dorsal posterior muscle attachment site to a ventral anterior one. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 A dorsally located hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature that runs from a dorsal posterior muscle attachment site to a ventral anterior one. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000475 A dorsally located hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature that runs from a dorsal posterior muscle attachment site to a ventral anterior one. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 A laterally located hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature that runs from a dorsal posterior muscle attachment site to a ventral anterior one. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000476 A laterally located hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature that runs from a dorsal posterior muscle attachment site to a ventral anterior one. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 A laterally located hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature that runs from a dorsal posterior muscle attachment site to a ventral anterior one. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000477 A laterally located hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature that runs from a dorsal posterior muscle attachment site to a ventral anterior one. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 A hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature that spans multiple segments. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000478 A hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature that spans multiple segments. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 A ventrally located hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature that spans multiple segments. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000479 A ventrally located hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature that spans multiple segments. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 A longitudinally orientated hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000480 A longitudinally orientated hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 A laterally located, longitudinally orientated hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000481 A laterally located, longitudinally orientated hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 A ventrally located, longitudinally orientated hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000482 A ventrally located, longitudinally orientated hypodermal muscle of the embryonic/larval musculature. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 An embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle that runs along the transverse apodeme at the segment boundary. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000483 An embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle that runs along the transverse apodeme at the segment boundary. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FBbt:00000465 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000484 This term comes from Crossley's classification of larval hypodermal muscles (FBrf0031016 == Crossley, 1978, Ashburner, Wright, 1978-1980 b: 499--560). This partially classifies on the basis of whether a muscle is in a layer immediately below the epidermis (external) or under another layer of hypodermal muscle (internal). This system is now little used and was only every very partially implemented in this ontology. Mappings for specific internal and external muscle classes to the modern nomenclature (FBrf0064793 == Bate, 1993, Bate, Martinez Arias, 1993: 1013--1090; FBrf0089570 == Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, The embryonic development of Drosophila melanogaster. 2nd ed.) can be found as synonyms for the relevant terms. Mappings for the general terms to the modern nomenclature are not possible as classification as internal vs external cuts across the modern classification. In such cases one must choose either a more specific term if appropriate, or a very general term for embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle. true FBbt:00000465 FBbt:00000604 FBbt:00000605 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000485 This term comes from Crossley's classification of larval hypodermal muscles (FBrf0031016 == Crossley, 1978, Ashburner, Wright, 1978-1980 b: 499--560). This partially classifies on the basis of whether a muscle is in a layer immediately below the epidermis (external) or under another layer of hypodermal muscle (internal). This system is now little used and was only ever partially implemented in this ontology. Mappings for specific internal and external muscle classes to the modern nomenclature (FBrf0064793 == Bate, 1993, Bate, Martinez Arias, 1993: 1013--1090; FBrf0089570 == Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, The embryonic development of Drosophila melanogaster. 2nd ed.) can be found as synonyms for the relevant terms. The most likely replacements for this term are abdominal ventral longitudinal muscles 3 & 4. true fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000486 A hypodermal muscle of the larval head that is connected to the pharynx or some closely associated structure. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000487 A hypodermal muscle of the larval head that is connected to the pharynx or some closely associated structure. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000488 A vertically oriented muscle that inserts ventrally into the dorsal pharynx (FBbt:00001866) and dorsally at the bottom of the dorsal pouch (FBbt:00001857). DPM fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000489 A vertically oriented muscle that inserts ventrally into the dorsal pharynx (FBbt:00001866) and dorsally at the bottom of the dorsal pouch (FBbt:00001857). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 DPM FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A ventrolaterally located embryonic/larval muscle that inserts on the ventral arm of the tentorium (FBbt:00001856). VPM ventral prothoracic pharyngeal muscle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000490 A ventrolaterally located embryonic/larval muscle that inserts on the ventral arm of the tentorium (FBbt:00001856). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 VPM FlyBase:FBrf0089570 ventral prothoracic pharyngeal muscle FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The dorsal-most ventral pharyngeal muscle. VPM1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000491 The dorsal-most ventral pharyngeal muscle. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 VPM1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The second dorsal-most ventral pharyngeal muscle. VPM2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000492 The second dorsal-most ventral pharyngeal muscle. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 VPM2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The ventral-most ventral pharyngeal muscle. VPM3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000493 The ventral-most ventral pharyngeal muscle. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 VPM3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 An embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle of the head that flanks the supraesophageal commissure. PCM fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000494 An embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle of the head that flanks the supraesophageal commissure. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 PCM FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000495 . FlyBase:FBrf0089570 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000496 . FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A dorsolaterally located, embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle that extends from the wall of the pharynx to the epidermis of the prothoracic segment. DM fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000497 A dorsolaterally located, embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle that extends from the wall of the pharynx to the epidermis of the prothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 DM FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The dorsal-most of the two dorsal mouthpart muscles. DM1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000498 The dorsal-most of the two dorsal mouthpart muscles. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 DM1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The ventral-most of the two dorsal mouthpart muscles. DM2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000499 The ventral-most of the two dorsal mouthpart muscles. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 DM2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A ventrally located, embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle that extends from the lateral pharyngeal wall to the ventral epidermis of T1. VM1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000500 A ventrally located, embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle that extends from the lateral pharyngeal wall to the ventral epidermis of T1. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 VM1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000501 . FlyBase:FBrf0064793 . T1 DO fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000502 . FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T1 DO FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The dorsal-most oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval prothoracic segment. T1 DO1 T1 deo2 prothoracic dorsal external oblique muscle 2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000503 The dorsal-most oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval prothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T1 DO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T1 deo2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 prothoracic dorsal external oblique muscle 2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 The second dorsal-most oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval prothoracic segment. T1 DO2 T1 deo1 prothoracic dorsal external oblique muscle 1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000504 The second dorsal-most oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval prothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T1 DO2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T1 deo1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 prothoracic dorsal external oblique muscle 1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 The third dorsal-most oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval prothoracic segment. T1 DO3 T1 dio2 prothoracic dorsal internal oblique muscle 2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000505 The third dorsal-most oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval prothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T1 DO3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T1 dio2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 prothoracic dorsal internal oblique muscle 2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 The fourth dorsal-most oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval prothoracic segment. T1 DO4 T1 dio1 prothoracic dorsal internal oblique muscle 1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000506 The fourth dorsal-most oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval prothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T1 DO4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T1 dio1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 prothoracic dorsal internal oblique muscle 1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000507 . FlyBase:FBrf0064793 . VT fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000508 . FlyBase:FBrf0064793 VT FlyBase:FBrf0064793 The only ventral transverse muscle of the embryonic/larval prothoracic segment. This muscle is branched, with one ventral attachment point and two lateral ones. VT1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000509 The only ventral transverse muscle of the embryonic/larval prothoracic segment. This muscle is branched, with one ventral attachment point and two lateral ones. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 VT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000510 . FlyBase:FBrf0064793 . T1 LA fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000511 . FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T1 LA FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The dorsal-most lateral acute muscle of the prothoracic segment. T1 LA1 T1 pet1 prothoracic pleural external transverse muscle 1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000512 The dorsal-most lateral acute muscle of the prothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T1 LA1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T1 pet1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 prothoracic pleural external transverse muscle 1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 The second dorsal-most lateral acute muscle of the prothoracic segment. T1 LA2 T1 pet2 prothoracic pleural external transverse muscle 2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000513 The second dorsal-most lateral acute muscle of the prothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T1 LA2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T1 pet2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 prothoracic pleural external transverse muscle 2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000514 A ventrally located embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle that extends from the anterior apodeme of the prothoracic segment to some attachment site in a segment posterior to the prothoracic segment. fly_anatomy.ontology VIS VS FBbt:00000515 A ventrally located embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle that extends from the anterior apodeme of the prothoracic segment to some attachment site in a segment posterior to the prothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Second dorsal-most ventral intersegmental muscle attached to the anterior apodeme of the prothoracic segment. Its posterior end is attached to the anterior apodeme of the first abdominal segment. VIS2 pmm1 prothoracic-metathoracic muscle 1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000516 Second dorsal-most ventral intersegmental muscle attached to the anterior apodeme of the prothoracic segment. Its posterior end is attached to the anterior apodeme of the first abdominal segment. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 VIS2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 pmm1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 prothoracic-metathoracic muscle 1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 Third dorsal-most ventral intersegmental muscle attached to the anterior apodeme of the prothoracic segment. Its posterior end is attached to the anterior apodeme of the first abdominal segment. VIS3 pmm2 prothoracic-metathoracic muscle 2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000517 Third dorsal-most ventral intersegmental muscle attached to the anterior apodeme of the prothoracic segment. Its posterior end is attached to the anterior apodeme of the first abdominal segment. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 VIS3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 pmm2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 prothoracic-metathoracic muscle 2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 Fourth dorsal-most ventral intersegmental muscle attached to the anterior apodeme of the prothoracic segment. Its posterior end is attached to the anterior apodeme of the first abdominal segment. VIS4 pmm3 prothoracic-metathoracic muscle 3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000518 Fourth dorsal-most ventral intersegmental muscle attached to the anterior apodeme of the prothoracic segment. Its posterior end is attached to the anterior apodeme of the first abdominal segment. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 VIS4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 pmm3 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 prothoracic-metathoracic muscle 3 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 Fifth dorsal-most (the most ventral) ventral intersegmental muscle attached to the anterior apodeme of the prothoracic segment. Its posterior end is attached to the anterior apodeme of the first abdominal segment. VIS5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000519 Fifth dorsal-most (the most ventral) ventral intersegmental muscle attached to the anterior apodeme of the prothoracic segment. Its posterior end is attached to the anterior apodeme of the first abdominal segment. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 VIS5 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000520 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000521 T2 DA fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000522 T2 DA FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The dorsal-most acute muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. T2 DA1 T2 dio4 mesothoracic dorsal internal oblique muscle 4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000523 The dorsal-most acute muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T2 DA1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T2 dio4 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 mesothoracic dorsal internal oblique muscle 4 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 The second dorsal-most acute muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. T2 DA2 T2 dio3 mesothoracic dorsal internal oblique muscle 3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000524 The second dorsal-most acute muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T2 DA2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T2 dio3 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 mesothoracic dorsal internal oblique muscle 3 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 The third dorsal-most acute muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. T2 DA3 T2 dio2 mesothoracic dorsal internal oblique muscle 2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000525 The third dorsal-most acute muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T2 DA3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T2 dio2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 mesothoracic dorsal internal oblique muscle 2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 The fourth dorsal-most acute muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. T2 DA4 T2 dio1 mesothoracic dorsal internal oblique muscle 1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000526 The fourth dorsal-most acute muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T2 DA4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T2 dio1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 mesothoracic dorsal internal oblique muscle 1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000527 . FlyBase:FBrf0064793 . T2 DO fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000528 . FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T2 DO FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The dorsal-most oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. T2 DO1 T2 deo4 mesothoracic dorsal external oblique muscle 4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000529 The dorsal-most oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T2 DO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T2 deo4 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 mesothoracic dorsal external oblique muscle 4 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 The second dorsal-most oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. T2 DO2 T2 deo3 mesothoracic dorsal external oblique muscle 3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000530 The second dorsal-most oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T2 DO2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T2 deo3 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 mesothoracic dorsal external oblique muscle 3 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 The third dorsal-most oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. T2 DO3 T2 deo2 mesothoracic dorsal external oblique muscle 2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000531 The third dorsal-most oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T2 DO3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T2 deo2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 mesothoracic dorsal external oblique muscle 2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 The fourth dorsal-most oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. T2 DO4 T2 deo1 mesothoracic dorsal external oblique muscle 1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000532 The fourth dorsal-most oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T2 DO4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T2 deo1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 mesothoracic dorsal external oblique muscle 1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 LO fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000533 LO FlyBase:FBrf0064793 The only lateral oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. T2 LO1 T2 peo1 mesothoracic pleural external oblique muscle 1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000534 The only lateral oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T2 LO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T2 peo1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 mesothoracic pleural external oblique muscle 1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 . T2 VO fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000535 . FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T2 VO FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. T2 VO1 T2 veo1 mesothoracic ventral external oblique muscle 1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000536 The dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T2 VO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T2 veo1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 mesothoracic ventral external oblique muscle 1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 The second dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. T2 VO2 T2 veo2 mesothoracic ventral external oblique muscle 2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000537 The second dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T2 VO2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T2 veo2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 mesothoracic ventral external oblique muscle 2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 T2 SBM T2 pit mesothoracic pleural internal transverse muscle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000538 T2 SBM FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T2 pit FlyBase:FBrf0041814 mesothoracic pleural internal transverse muscle FlyBase:FBrf0041814 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000539 T2 LT fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000540 T2 LT FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Anterior-most lateral transverse muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. T2 LT1 T2 pet1 mesothoracic pleural external transverse muscle 1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000541 Anterior-most lateral transverse muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T2 LT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T2 pet1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 mesothoracic pleural external transverse muscle 1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 The second anterior-most lateral transverse muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. T2 LT2 T2 pet2 mesothoracic pleural external transverse muscle 2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000542 The second anterior-most lateral transverse muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T2 LT2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T2 pet2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 mesothoracic pleural external transverse muscle 2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 The third anterior-most lateral transverse muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. T2 LT3 T2 pet3 mesothoracic pleural external transverse muscle 3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000543 The third anterior-most lateral transverse muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T2 LT3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T2 pet3 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 mesothoracic pleural external transverse muscle 3 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 The fourth anterior-most lateral transverse muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. T2 LT4 T2 pet4 mesothoracic pleural external transverse muscle 4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000544 The fourth anterior-most lateral transverse muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T2 LT4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T2 pet4 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 mesothoracic pleural external transverse muscle 4 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000545 . FlyBase:FBrf0064793 . LL fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000546 . FlyBase:FBrf0064793 LL FlyBase:FBrf0064793 The only laterally located longitudinal muscle in embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment 1. T2 LL1 T2 pl1 mesothoracic pleural longitudinal muscle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000547 The only laterally located longitudinal muscle in embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment 1. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T2 LL1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T2 pl1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 mesothoracic pleural longitudinal muscle FlyBase:FBrf0041814 T2 VL fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000548 T2 VL FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. T2 VL1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000549 The dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T2 VL1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The second dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. T2 VL2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000550 The second dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T2 VL2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The third dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. T2 VL3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000551 The third dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T2 VL3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000552 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000553 T3 DA fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000554 T3 DA FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Dorsal-most dorsal acute muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. T3 DA1 T3 dio5 metathoracic dorsal internal oblique muscle 5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000555 Dorsal-most dorsal acute muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T3 DA1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T3 dio5 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 metathoracic dorsal internal oblique muscle 5 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 Second dorsal-most dorsal acute muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. T3 DA2 T3 dio4 metathoracic dorsal internal oblique muscle 4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000556 Second dorsal-most dorsal acute muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T3 DA2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T3 dio4 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 metathoracic dorsal internal oblique muscle 4 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 Third dorsal-most dorsal acute muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. T3 DA3 T3 dio3 metathoracic dorsal internal oblique muscle 3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000557 Third dorsal-most dorsal acute muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T3 DA3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T3 dio3 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 metathoracic dorsal internal oblique muscle 3 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 Fourth dorsal-most dorsal acute muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. T3 DA4 T3 dio2 metathoracic dorsal internal oblique muscle 2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000558 Fourth dorsal-most dorsal acute muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T3 DA4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T3 dio2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 metathoracic dorsal internal oblique muscle 2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 T3 VA fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000559 T3 VA FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The only ventral acute muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothorax. T3 VA1 T3 vs1 metathoracic ventral superficial 1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000560 The only ventral acute muscle of the embryonic/larval mesothorax. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T3 VA1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T3 vs1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 metathoracic ventral superficial 1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000561 . FlyBase:FBrf0064793 . T3 DO fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000562 . FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T3 DO FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Dorsal-most dorsal oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. T3 DO1 T3 deo3 metathoracic dorsal external oblique muscle 3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000563 Dorsal-most dorsal oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T3 DO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T3 deo3 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 metathoracic dorsal external oblique muscle 3 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 Second dorsal-most oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. T3 DO2 T3 deo2 metathoracic dorsal external oblique muscle 2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000564 Second dorsal-most oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T3 DO2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T3 deo2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 metathoracic dorsal external oblique muscle 2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 Third dorsal-most oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. T3 DO3 T3 deo1 metathoracic dorsal external oblique muscle 1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000565 Third dorsal-most oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T3 DO3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T3 deo1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 metathoracic dorsal external oblique muscle 1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 Fourth dorsal-most oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. T3 DO4 T3 peo2 metathoracic pleural external oblique muscle 2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000566 Fourth dorsal-most oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T3 DO4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T3 peo2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 metathoracic pleural external oblique muscle 2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 . fly_anatomy.ontology LO FBbt:00000567 . FlyBase:FBrf0064793 The only lateral oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. T3 LO1 T3 peo1 metathoracic pleural external oblique muscle 1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000568 The only lateral oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T3 LO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T3 peo1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 metathoracic pleural external oblique muscle 1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 . T3 VO fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000569 . FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T3 VO FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. T3 VO1 T3 vio1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000570 Dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T3 VO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T3 vio1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 Second dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. T3 VO2 T3 vio2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000571 Second dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T3 VO2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T3 vio2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 Third dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. VO3 ventral internal oblique muscle vio3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000572 Third dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 VO3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ventral internal oblique muscle FlyBase:FBrf0041814 vio3 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 T2 SBM T2 pit fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000573 T2 SBM FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T2 pit FlyBase:FBrf0041814 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000574 T3 LT fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000575 T3 LT FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Anterior-most lateral transverse muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. T3 LT1 T3 pet1 metathoracic pleural external transverse muscle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000576 Anterior-most lateral transverse muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T3 LT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T3 pet1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 metathoracic pleural external transverse muscle FlyBase:FBrf0041814 The second anterior-most lateral transverse muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. T3 LT2 T3 pet2 metathoracic pleural external transverse muscle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000577 The second anterior-most lateral transverse muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T3 LT2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T3 pet2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 metathoracic pleural external transverse muscle FlyBase:FBrf0041814 The third anterior-most lateral transverse muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. T3 LT3 T3 pet3 metathoracic pleural external transverse muscle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000578 The third anterior-most lateral transverse muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T3 LT3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T3 pet3 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 metathoracic pleural external transverse muscle FlyBase:FBrf0041814 The fourth anterior-most (most posterior) lateral transverse muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. T3 LT4 T3 pet4 metathoracic pleural external transverse muscle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000579 The fourth anterior-most (most posterior) lateral transverse muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T3 LT4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T3 pet4 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 metathoracic pleural external transverse muscle FlyBase:FBrf0041814 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000580 fly_anatomy.ontology LL FBbt:00000581 The only lateral longitudinal muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. T3 LL1 T3 pl1 metathoracic pleural longitudinal muscle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000582 The only lateral longitudinal muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T3 LL1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 T3 pl1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 metathoracic pleural longitudinal muscle FlyBase:FBrf0041814 T3 VL fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000583 T3 VL FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. T3 VL1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000584 The dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T3 VL1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The second dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. T3 VL2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000585 The second dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T3 VL2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The third dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. T3 VL3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000586 The third dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T3 VL3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The ventral-most (fourth dorsal-most) ventral longitudinal muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. T3 VL4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000587 The ventral-most (fourth dorsal-most) ventral longitudinal muscle of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 T3 VL4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000588 abdominal acute muscle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000589 abdominal dorsal acute muscle A1-7 DA fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000590 A1-7 DA FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Dorsal-most dorsal acute muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. abdominal dorsal acute muscle 1 A1-7 DA1 A1-7 dio3 A1-7 dorsal internal oblique 3 muscle 1 muscle 1 - dorsal internal oblique fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000591 Dorsal-most dorsal acute muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 DA1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 dio3 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A1-7 dorsal internal oblique 3 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 muscle 1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 muscle 1 - dorsal internal oblique FlyBase:FBrf0031016 The second dorsal-most dorsal acute muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. abdominal dorsal acute muscle 2 A1-7 DA2 A1-7 dio2 A1-7 dorsal internal oblique 2 muscle 2 muscle 2 - dorsal internal oblique fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000592 The second dorsal-most dorsal acute muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 DA2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 dio2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A1-7 dorsal internal oblique 2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 muscle 2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 muscle 2 - dorsal internal oblique FlyBase:FBrf0031016 The third dorsal-most dorsal acute muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. abdominal dorsal acute muscle 3 A1-7 DA3 A1-7 dio1 A1-7 dorsal internal oblique 1 muscle 3 muscle 3 - dorsal internal oblique fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000593 The third dorsal-most dorsal acute muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 DA3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 dio1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A1-7 dorsal internal oblique 1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 muscle 3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 muscle 3 - dorsal internal oblique FlyBase:FBrf0031016 . abdominal ventral acute muscle A1-7 VA fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000594 . FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 VA FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Dorsal-most ventral acute muscle of larval abdominal segments A1-7. abdominal ventral acute muscle 1 A1-7 VA1 A1-7 ventral superficial 2 A1-7 vs2 muscle 26 muscle 26 - ventro-lateral external oblique fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000595 Dorsal-most ventral acute muscle of larval abdominal segments A1-7. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 VA1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 ventral superficial 2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A1-7 vs2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 muscle 26 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 muscle 26 - ventro-lateral external oblique FlyBase:FBrf0031016 The second dorsal-most ventral acute muscle of larval abdominal segments A1-7. This muscle is attached to the posterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina2) of its segment (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, pg 172). abdominal ventral acute muscle 2 A1-7 VA2 A1-7 ventral superficial 3 A1-7 vs3 muscle 27 muscle 27 - ventro-lateral external oblique fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000596 The second dorsal-most ventral acute muscle of larval abdominal segments A1-7. This muscle is attached to the posterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina2) of its segment (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, pg 172). FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 VA2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 ventral superficial 3 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A1-7 vs3 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 muscle 27 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 muscle 27 - ventro-lateral external oblique FlyBase:FBrf0031016 The third dorsal-most ventral acute muscle of larval abdominal segments A1-7. This muscle is attached to the posterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina2) of its segment (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, pg 172). abdominal ventral acute muscle 3 A1-7 VA3 A1-7 ventral superficial 1 A1-7 vs1 muscle 29 muscle 29 - ventral external oblique fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000597 The third dorsal-most ventral acute muscle of larval abdominal segments A1-7. This muscle is attached to the posterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina2) of its segment (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, pg 172). FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 VA3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 ventral superficial 1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A1-7 vs1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 muscle 29 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 muscle 29 - ventral external oblique FlyBase:FBrf0031016 . abdominal longitudinal muscle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000598 . FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 . abdominal lateral longitudinal muscle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000599 . FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The only lateral longitudinal muscle in each of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. abdominal lateral longitudinal muscle 1 A1-7 LL1 A1-7 pl2 A1-7 pleural longitudinal 2 muscle 4 muscle 4 - dorso-lateral internal longitudinal fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000600 The only lateral longitudinal muscle in each of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 LL1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 pl2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A1-7 pleural longitudinal 2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 muscle 4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 muscle 4 - dorso-lateral internal longitudinal FlyBase:FBrf0031016 Any ventral longitudinal muscle that is part of larval abdominal segments 1-7. All of these span the segment - extending from one intersegmental apodeme to the next (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, pg 171 and pg 119). abdominal ventral longitudinal muscle A1-7 VL fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000601 Any ventral longitudinal muscle that is part of larval abdominal segments 1-7. All of these span the segment - extending from one intersegmental apodeme to the next (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, pg 171 and pg 119). FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 VL FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. abdominal ventral longitudinal muscle 1 A1-7 VL1 A1-7 pl1 A1-7 pleural longitudinal 1 muscle 12 muscle 12 - pleural external longitudinal fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000602 The dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 VL1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 pl1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A1-7 pleural longitudinal 1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 muscle 12 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 muscle 12 - pleural external longitudinal FlyBase:FBrf0031016 The second dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. abdominal ventral longitudinal muscle 2 A1-7 VL2 A1-7 ventral internal oblique 1 A1-7 vio1 muscle 13 muscle 13 - pleural external longitudinal fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000603 The second dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 VL2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 ventral internal oblique 1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A1-7 vio1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 muscle 13 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 muscle 13 - pleural external longitudinal FlyBase:FBrf0031016 The third dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. abdominal ventral longitudinal muscle 3 A1-7 VL3 A1-7 ventral internal oblique 2 A1-7 vio2 muscle 6 muscle 6 - ventral internal longitudinal fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000604 The third dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 VL3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 ventral internal oblique 2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A1-7 vio2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 muscle 6 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 muscle 6 - ventral internal longitudinal FlyBase:FBrf0031016 The fourth dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. abdominal ventral longitudinal muscle 4 A1-7 VL4 A1-7 ventral internal oblique 3 A1-7 vio3 muscle 7 muscle 7 - ventral internal longitudinal fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000605 The fourth dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 VL4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 ventral internal oblique 3 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A1-7 vio3 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 muscle 7 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 muscle 7 - ventral internal longitudinal FlyBase:FBrf0031016 abdominal segment border muscle A1-7 SBM A1-7 pit A1-7 pleural internal transverse muscle 8 muscle 8 - pleural internal transverse fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000606 A1-7 SBM FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 pit FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A1-7 pleural internal transverse FlyBase:FBrf0041814 muscle 8 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 muscle 8 - pleural internal transverse FlyBase:FBrf0031016 abdominal oblique muscle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000607 abdominal dorsal oblique muscle A1-7 DO fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000608 A1-7 DO FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The dorsal-most dorsal oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. abdominal dorsal oblique muscle 1 A1-7 DO1 A1-7 deo4 A1-7 dorsal external oblique 4 muscle 9 muscle 9 - dorsal external oblique fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000609 The dorsal-most dorsal oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 DO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 deo4 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A1-7 dorsal external oblique 4 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 muscle 9 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 muscle 9 - dorsal external oblique FlyBase:FBrf0031016 The second dorsal-most dorsal oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. abdominal dorsal oblique muscle 2 A1-7 DO2 A1-7 deo3 A1-7 dorsal external oblique 3 muscle 10 muscle 10 - dorsal external oblique fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000610 The second dorsal-most dorsal oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 DO2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 deo3 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A1-7 dorsal external oblique 3 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 muscle 10 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 muscle 10 - dorsal external oblique FlyBase:FBrf0031016 The third dorsal-most dorsal oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. abdominal dorsal oblique muscle 3 A1-7 DO3 A1-7 deo2 A1-7 dorsal external oblique 2 muscle 11 muscle 11- dorsal external oblique fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000611 The third dorsal-most dorsal oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 DO3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 deo2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A1-7 dorsal external oblique 2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 muscle 11 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 muscle 11- dorsal external oblique FlyBase:FBrf0031016 The fourth dorsal-most dorsal oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. Its posterior end is attached to a site in the segment posterior to that in which it originates. abdominal dorsal oblique muscle 4 A1-7 DO4 A1-7 deo1 A1-7 dorsal external oblique 1 muscle 19 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000612 The fourth dorsal-most dorsal oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. Its posterior end is attached to a site in the segment posterior to that in which it originates. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 DO4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 deo1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A1-7 dorsal external oblique 1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 muscle 19 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 The fifth dorsal-most dorsal oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. abdominal dorsal oblique muscle 5 A1-7 DO5 muscle 20 muscle 20 - dorso-lateral external longitudinal fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000613 The fifth dorsal-most dorsal oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 DO5 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 muscle 20 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 muscle 20 - dorso-lateral external longitudinal FlyBase:FBrf0031016 abdominal lateral oblique muscle fly_anatomy.ontology LO FBbt:00000614 The only lateral oblique muscle in each of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. abdominal lateral oblique muscle 1 A1-7 LO1 A1-7 peo1 A1-7 pleural external oblique 1 muscle 5 muscle 5 - pleural internal oblique fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000615 The only lateral oblique muscle in each of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 LO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 peo1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A1-7 pleural external oblique 1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 muscle 5 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 muscle 5 - pleural internal oblique FlyBase:FBrf0031016 Any ventral oblique muscle that is part of larval abdominal segments 1-7. All of these attach to the intersegmental apodeme of their segment (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, pg 172). abdominal ventral oblique muscle A1-7 VO fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000616 Any ventral oblique muscle that is part of larval abdominal segments 1-7. All of these attach to the intersegmental apodeme of their segment (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, pg 172). FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 VO FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. abdominal ventral oblique muscle 1 A1-7 VO1 A1-7 ventral external oblique 1 A1-7 veo1 muscle 14 - ventral external oblique muscle 14.1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000617 The dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 VO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 ventral external oblique 1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A1-7 veo1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 muscle 14 - ventral external oblique FlyBase:FBrf0031016 muscle 14.1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 The second dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. abdominal ventral oblique muscle 2 A1-7 VO2 A1-7 ventral external oblique 2 A1-7 veo2 muscle 14.2 muscle 30 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000618 The second dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 VO2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 ventral external oblique 2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A1-7 veo2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 muscle 14.2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 muscle 30 FlyBase:FBrf0053781 The third dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. abdominal ventral oblique muscle 3 A1-7 VO3 A1-7 ventral external oblique 3 A1-7 veo3 muscle 28 muscle 28 - ventral external oblique fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000619 The third dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 VO3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 ventral external oblique 3 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A1-7 veo3 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 muscle 28 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 muscle 28 - ventral external oblique FlyBase:FBrf0031016 The fourth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. Its posterior end is attached to the posterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina2) of the segment immediately posterior to its segment of origin (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein 1985, fig 3.10). abdominal ventral oblique muscle 4 A1-7 VO4 A1-7 ventral external oblique 4 A1-7 veo4 muscle 15 muscle 15 - ventral external oblique fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000620 The fourth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. Its posterior end is attached to the posterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina2) of the segment immediately posterior to its segment of origin (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein 1985, fig 3.10). FlyBase:FBrf0041814 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 VO4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 ventral external oblique 4 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A1-7 veo4 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 muscle 15 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 muscle 15 - ventral external oblique FlyBase:FBrf0031016 The fifth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. Its posterior end is attached to the anterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina1) of the segment immediately posterior to its segment of origin (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein 1985, fig 3.10). abdominal ventral oblique muscle 5 A1-7 VO5 A1-7 ventral external oblique 5 A1-7 veo5 muscle 16 muscle 16 - ventral external oblique fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000621 The fifth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. Its posterior end is attached to the anterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina1) of the segment immediately posterior to its segment of origin (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein 1985, fig 3.10). FlyBase:FBrf0041814 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 VO5 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 ventral external oblique 5 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A1-7 veo5 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 muscle 16 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 muscle 16 - ventral external oblique FlyBase:FBrf0031016 The sixth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. abdominal ventral oblique muscle 6 A1-7 VO6 muscle 17 muscle 17 - ventral external oblique fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000622 The sixth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 VO6 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 muscle 17 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 muscle 17 - ventral external oblique FlyBase:FBrf0031016 . abdominal transverse muscle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000623 . FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 . DT abdominal dorsal transverse muscle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000624 . FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 DT FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The only dorsal transverse muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. abdominal dorsal transverse muscle 1 A1-7 DT1 A1-7 pet5 A1-7 pleural external transverse 5 muscle 18 muscle 18 - dorso-lateral external oblique fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000625 The only dorsal transverse muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 DT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 pet5 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A1-7 pleural external transverse 5 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 muscle 18 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 muscle 18 - dorso-lateral external oblique FlyBase:FBrf0031016 . abdominal lateral transverse muscle A1-7 LT fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000626 . FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 LT FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The most anterior of the lateral transverse muscles in each of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. abdominal lateral transverse muscle 1 A1-7 LT1 A1-7 pet1 A1-7 pleural external transverse 1 muscle 21 muscle 21 - pleural external transverse fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000627 The most anterior of the lateral transverse muscles in each of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 LT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 pet1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A1-7 pleural external transverse 1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 muscle 21 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 muscle 21 - pleural external transverse FlyBase:FBrf0031016 The second anterior-most of the lateral transverse muscles in each of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. abdominal lateral transverse muscle 2 A1-7 LT2 A1-7 pet2 A1-7 pleural external transverse 2 muscle 22 muscle 22 - pleural external transverse fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000628 The second anterior-most of the lateral transverse muscles in each of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 LT2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 pet2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A1-7 pleural external transverse 2 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 muscle 22 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 muscle 22 - pleural external transverse FlyBase:FBrf0031016 The third anterior-most of the lateral transverse muscles in each of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. abdominal lateral transverse muscle 3 A1-7 LT3 A1-7 pet3 A1-7 pleural external transverse 3 muscle 23 muscle 23 - pleural external transverse fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000629 The third anterior-most of the lateral transverse muscles in each of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 LT3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 pet3 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A1-7 pleural external transverse 3 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 muscle 23 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 muscle 23 - pleural external transverse FlyBase:FBrf0031016 The fourth anterior-most of the lateral transverse muscles in each of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. abdominal lateral transverse muscle 4 A1-7 LT4 A1-7 pet4 A1-7 pleural external transverse 4 muscle 19 - dorso-lateral external oblique muscle 24 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000630 The fourth anterior-most of the lateral transverse muscles in each of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 LT4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1-7 pet4 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A1-7 pleural external transverse 4 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 muscle 19 - dorso-lateral external oblique FlyBase:FBrf0031016 muscle 24 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 abdominal ventral transverse muscle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000631 The only ventral transverse muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 2-7 (this muscle is absent from abdominal segment 1). abdominal ventral transverse muscle 1 A2-7 VT1 muscle 25 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000632 The only ventral transverse muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 2-7 (this muscle is absent from abdominal segment 1). FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2-7 VT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 muscle 25 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FBbt:00000631 FBbt:00000632 fly_anatomy.ontology VT2 FBbt:00000633 None of the abdominal segments has more than one ventral transverse muscle (see FBrf0089570 == Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, The embryonic development of Drosophila melanogaster. 2nd ed.) true FBbt:00000631 FBbt:00000632 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000634 None of the abdominal segments has more than one ventral transverse muscle (see FBrf0089570 == Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, The embryonic development of Drosophila melanogaster. 2nd ed.) true FBbt:00000465 FBbt:00000604 FBbt:00000605 fly_anatomy.ontology VI FBbt:00000635 This term comes from Crossley's classification of larval hypodermal muscles (FBrf0031016 == Crossley, 1978, Ashburner, Wright, 1978-1980 b: 499--560). This partially classifies on the basis of whether a muscle is in a layer immediately below the epidermis (external) or under another layer of hypodermal muscle (internal). This system is now little used and was only every very partially implemented in this ontology. Mappings for specific internal and external muscle classes to the modern nomenclature (FBrf0064793 == Bate, 1993, Bate, Martinez Arias, 1993: 1013--1090; FBrf0089570 == Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, The embryonic development of Drosophila melanogaster. 2nd ed.) can be found as synonyms for the relevant terms. The most likely replacements for this term are abdominal ventral longitudinal muscles 3 & 4. true FBbt:00000465 FBbt:00000653 FBbt:00000654 fly_anatomy.ontology VI1 ventral internal longitudinal mouthpart associated muscle 31 FBbt:00000636 Judging from the synonym, this term came from Hooper's extension of Crossley's classification of larval hypodermal muscles (FBrf0044229 == Hooper, 1986, EMBO J. 5: 2321--2329, FBrf0031016 == Crossley, 1978, Ashburner, Wright, 1978-1980 b: 499--560). This partially classifies on the basis of whether a muscle is in a layer immediately below the epidermis (external) or under another layer of hypodermal muscle (internal). This system is now little used and was only every very partially implemented in this ontology. Mappings for specific internal and external muscle classes to the modern nomenclature (FBrf0064793 == Bate, 1993, Bate, Martinez Arias, 1993: 1013--1090; FBrf0089570 == Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, The embryonic development of Drosophila melanogaster. 2nd ed.) can be found as synonyms for the relevant terms. The most likely replacements for this term are abdominal 1 ventral longitudinal muscles 3 & 4. true ventral internal longitudinal mouthpart associated muscle 31 FlyBase:FBrf0044229 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000637 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000638 A1 DA fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000639 A1 DA FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 DA1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000640 A1 DA1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 DA2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000641 A1 DA2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 DA3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000642 A1 DA3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 VA fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000643 A1 VA FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 VA1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000644 A1 VA1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 VA2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000645 A1 VA2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 VA3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000646 A1 VA3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000647 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000648 A1 LL1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000649 A1 LL1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 VL fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000650 A1 VL FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 VL1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000651 A1 VL1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 VL2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000652 A1 VL2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 VL3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000653 A1 VL3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 VL4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000654 A1 VL4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 SBM fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000655 A1 SBM FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000656 A1 DO fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000657 A1 DO FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 DO1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000658 A1 DO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 DO2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000659 A1 DO2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 DO3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000660 A1 DO3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 DO4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000661 A1 DO4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 DO5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000662 A1 DO5 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000663 A1 LO1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000664 A1 LO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 VO fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000665 A1 VO FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 VO1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000666 A1 VO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 VO2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000667 A1 VO2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Fourth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 1. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 2 where it attaches to the posterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina2). A1 VO4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000668 Fourth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 1. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 2 where it attaches to the posterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina2). FlyBase:FBrf0041814 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 VO4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Fifth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 1. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 2 where it attaches to the anterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina1). A1 VO5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000669 Fifth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 1. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 2 where it attaches to the anterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina1). FlyBase:FBrf0041814 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 VO5 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 VO3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000670 A1 VO3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000671 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000672 A1 DT1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000673 A1 DT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 LT fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000674 A1 LT FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 LT1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000675 A1 LT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 LT2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000676 A1 LT2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 LT3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000677 A1 LT3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 LT4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000678 A1 LT4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A large, longitudinally oriented hypodermal muscle located internal to the ventral longitudinal muscles of larval abdominal segment 1. Serial homologs of this muscle are not found in any other segment. FBbt:00000679 A1 VI1 muscle 31 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000680 A large, longitudinally oriented hypodermal muscle located internal to the ventral longitudinal muscles of larval abdominal segment 1. Serial homologs of this muscle are not found in any other segment. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A1 VI1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 muscle 31 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000681 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000682 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000683 A2 DA fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000684 A2 DA FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 DA1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000685 A2 DA1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 DA2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000686 A2 DA2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 DA3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000687 A2 DA3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 VA fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000688 A2 VA FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 VA1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000689 A2 VA1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 VA2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000690 A2 VA2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 VA3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000691 A2 VA3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000692 A2 DO fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000693 A2 DO FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 DO1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000694 A2 DO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 DO2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000695 A2 DO2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 DO3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000696 A2 DO3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 DO4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000697 A2 DO4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 DO5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000698 A2 DO5 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000699 A2 LO1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000700 A2 LO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 VO fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000701 A2 VO FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 VO1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000702 A2 VO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 VO2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000703 A2 VO2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 VO3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000704 A2 VO3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The fourth dorsal-most, ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 2. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 3 where it attaches to the posterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina2). A2 VO4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000705 The fourth dorsal-most, ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 2. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 3 where it attaches to the posterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina2). FlyBase:FBrf0041814 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 VO4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The fifth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 2. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 3 where it attaches to the anterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina1). A2 VO5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000706 The fifth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 2. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 3 where it attaches to the anterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina1). FlyBase:FBrf0041814 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 VO5 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 VO6 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000707 A2 VO6 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000708 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000709 A2 LL1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000710 A2 LL1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 VL fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000711 A2 VL FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 VL1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000712 A2 VL1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 VL2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000713 A2 VL2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 VL3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000714 A2 VL3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 VL4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000715 A2 VL4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 SBM fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000716 A2 SBM FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000717 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000718 A2 DT1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000719 A2 DT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 LT fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000720 A2 LT FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 LT1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000721 A2 LT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 LT2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000722 A2 LT2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 LT3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000723 A2 LT3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A2 LT4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000724 A2 LT4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000725 A2 VT1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000726 A2 VT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000727 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000728 A3 DA fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000729 A3 DA FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 DA1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000730 A3 DA1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 DA2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000731 A3 DA2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 DA3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000732 A3 DA3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 VA fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000733 A3 VA FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 VA1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000734 A3 VA1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 VA2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000735 A3 VA2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 VA3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000736 A3 VA3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000737 A3 DO fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000738 A3 DO FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 DO1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000739 A3 DO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 DO2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000740 A3 DO2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 DO3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000741 A3 DO3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 DO4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000742 A3 DO4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 DO5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000743 A3 DO5 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000744 A3 LO1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000745 A3 LO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 VO fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000746 A3 VO FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 VO1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000747 A3 VO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 VO2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000748 A3 VO2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 VO3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000749 A3 VO3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The fourth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 3. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 4 where it attaches to the posterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina2). A3 VO4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000750 The fourth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 3. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 4 where it attaches to the posterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina2). FlyBase:FBrf0041814 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 VO4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The fifth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 3. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 4 where it attaches to the anterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina1). A3 VO5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000751 The fifth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 3. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 4 where it attaches to the anterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina1). FlyBase:FBrf0041814 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 VO5 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 VO6 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000752 A3 VO6 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000753 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000754 A3 LL1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000755 A3 LL1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 VL fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000756 A3 VL FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 VL1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000757 A3 VL1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 VL2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000758 A3 VL2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 VL3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000759 A3 VL3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 VL4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000760 A3 VL4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 SBM fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000761 A3 SBM FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000762 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000763 A3 DT1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000764 A3 DT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 LT fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000765 A3 LT FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 LT1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000766 A3 LT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 LT2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000767 A3 LT2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 LT3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000768 A3 LT3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A3 LT4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000769 A3 LT4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000770 A3 VT1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000771 A3 VT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000772 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000773 A4 DA fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000774 A4 DA FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 DA1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000775 A4 DA1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 DA2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000776 A4 DA2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 DA3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000777 A4 DA3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 VA fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000778 A4 VA FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 VA1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000779 A4 VA1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 VA2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000780 A4 VA2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 VA3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000781 A4 VA3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000782 A4 DO fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000783 A4 DO FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 DO1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000784 A4 DO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 DO2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000785 A4 DO2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 DO3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000786 A4 DO3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 DO4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000787 A4 DO4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 DO5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000788 A4 DO5 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000789 A4 LO1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000790 A4 LO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 VO fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000791 A4 VO FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 VO1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000792 A4 VO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 VO2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000793 A4 VO2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 VO3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000794 A4 VO3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The fourth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 4. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 5 where it attaches to the posterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina2). A4 VO4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000795 The fourth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 4. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 5 where it attaches to the posterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina2). FlyBase:FBrf0041814 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 VO4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The fifth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 4. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 5 where it attaches to the anterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina1). A4 VO5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000796 The fifth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 4. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 5 where it attaches to the anterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina1). FlyBase:FBrf0041814 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 VO5 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 VO6 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000797 A4 VO6 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000798 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000799 A4 LL1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000800 A4 LL1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 VL fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000801 A4 VL FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 VL1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000802 A4 VL1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 VL2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000803 A4 VL2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 VL3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000804 A4 VL3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 VL4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000805 A4 VL4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 SBM fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000806 A4 SBM FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000807 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000808 A4 DT1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000809 A4 DT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 LT fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000810 A4 LT FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 LT1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000811 A4 LT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 LT2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000812 A4 LT2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 LT3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000813 A4 LT3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A4 LT4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000814 A4 LT4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000815 A4 VT1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000816 A4 VT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000817 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000818 A5 DA fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000819 A5 DA FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 DA1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000820 A5 DA1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 DA2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000821 A5 DA2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 DA3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000822 A5 DA3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 VA fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000823 A5 VA FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 VA1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000824 A5 VA1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 VA2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000825 A5 VA2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 VA3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000826 A5 VA3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000827 A5 DO fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000828 A5 DO FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 DO1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000829 A5 DO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 DO2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000830 A5 DO2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 DO3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000831 A5 DO3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 DO4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000832 A5 DO4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 DO5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000833 A5 DO5 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000834 A5 LO1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000835 A5 LO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 VO fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000836 A5 VO FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 VO1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000837 A5 VO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 VO2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000838 A5 VO2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 VO3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000839 A5 VO3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The fourth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 5. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 6 where it attaches to the posterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina2). A5 VO4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000840 The fourth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 5. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 6 where it attaches to the posterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina2). FlyBase:FBrf0041814 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 VO4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The fifth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 5. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 6 where it attaches to the anterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina1). A5 VO5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000841 The fifth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 5. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 6 where it attaches to the anterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina1). FlyBase:FBrf0041814 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 VO5 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 VO6 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000842 A5 VO6 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000843 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000844 A5 LL1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000845 A5 LL1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 VL fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000846 A5 VL FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 VL1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000847 A5 VL1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 VL2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000848 A5 VL2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 VL3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000849 A5 VL3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 VL4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000850 A5 VL4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 SBM fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000851 A5 SBM FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000852 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000853 A5 DT1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000854 A5 DT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 LT fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000855 A5 LT FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 LT1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000856 A5 LT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 LT2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000857 A5 LT2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 LT3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000858 A5 LT3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A5 LT4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000859 A5 LT4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000860 A5 VT1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000861 A5 VT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000862 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000863 A6 DA fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000864 A6 DA FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 DA1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000865 A6 DA1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 DA2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000866 A6 DA2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 DA3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000867 A6 DA3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 VA fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000868 A6 VA FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 VA1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000869 A6 VA1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 VA2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000870 A6 VA2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 VA3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000871 A6 VA3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000872 A6 DO fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000873 A6 DO FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 DO1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000874 A6 DO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 DO2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000875 A6 DO2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 DO3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000876 A6 DO3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 DO4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000877 A6 DO4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 DO5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000878 A6 DO5 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000879 A6 LO1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000880 A6 LO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 VO fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000881 A6 VO FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 VO1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000882 A6 VO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 VO2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000883 A6 VO2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 VO3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000884 A6 VO3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The fourth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 6. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 7 where it attaches to the posterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina2). A6 VO4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000885 The fourth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 6. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 7 where it attaches to the posterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina2). FlyBase:FBrf0041814 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 VO4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The fifth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 6. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 7 where it attaches to the anterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina1). A6 VO5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000886 The fifth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 6. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 7 where it attaches to the anterior intrasegmental apodeme (ina1). FlyBase:FBrf0041814 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 VO5 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 VO6 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000887 A6 VO6 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000888 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000889 A6 LL1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000890 A6 LL1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 VL fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000891 A6 VL FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 VL1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000892 A6 VL1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 VL2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000893 A6 VL2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 VL3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000894 A6 VL3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 VL4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000895 A6 VL4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 SBM fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000896 A6 SBM FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000897 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000898 A6 DT1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000899 A6 DT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 LT fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000900 A6 LT FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 LT1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000901 A6 LT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 LT2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000902 A6 LT2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 LT3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000903 A6 LT3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A6 LT4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000904 A6 LT4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000905 A6 VT1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000906 A6 VT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000907 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000908 A7 DA fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000909 A7 DA FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 DA1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000910 A7 DA1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 DA2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000911 A7 DA2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 DA3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000912 A7 DA3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 VA fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000913 A7 VA FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 VA1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000914 A7 VA1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 VA2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000915 A7 VA2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 VA3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000916 A7 VA3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000917 A7 DO fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000918 A7 DO FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 DO1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000919 A7 DO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 DO2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000920 A7 DO2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 DO3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000921 A7 DO3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 DO4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000922 A7 DO4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 DO5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000923 A7 DO5 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000924 A7 LO1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000925 A7 LO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 VO fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000926 A7 VO FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 VO1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000927 A7 VO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 VO2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000928 A7 VO2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 VO3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000929 A7 VO3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The fourth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 7. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 8 where it attaches to an intrasegmental apodeme. A7 VO4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000930 The fourth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 7. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 8 where it attaches to an intrasegmental apodeme. FlyBase:FBrf0041814 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 VO4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The fifth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 7. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 8 where it attaches to an intrasegmental apodeme. A7 VO5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000931 The fifth dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of larval abdominal segment 7. Its posterior end extends into abdominal segment 8 where it attaches to an intrasegmental apodeme. FlyBase:FBrf0041814 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 VO5 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 VO6 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000932 A7 VO6 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000933 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000934 A7 LL1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000935 A7 LL1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 VL fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000936 A7 VL FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 VL1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000937 A7 VL1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 VL2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000938 A7 VL2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 VL3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000939 A7 VL3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 VL4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000940 A7 VL4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 SBM fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000941 A7 SBM FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000942 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000943 A7 DT1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000944 A7 DT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 LT fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000945 A7 LT FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 LT1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000946 A7 LT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 LT2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000947 A7 LT2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 LT3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000948 A7 LT3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A7 LT4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000949 A7 LT4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000950 A7 VT1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000951 A7 VT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000952 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000953 fly_anatomy.ontology DO FBbt:00000954 The only dorsal oblique muscle in larval abdominal segment 8. It is much shorter and narrower than dorsal oblique muscles of larval segments A1-7. It inserts caudally into the epidermis, anterior to and above the posterior spiracle. A8 DO1 A8 deo1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000955 The only dorsal oblique muscle in larval abdominal segment 8. It is much shorter and narrower than dorsal oblique muscles of larval segments A1-7. It inserts caudally into the epidermis, anterior to and above the posterior spiracle. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 A8 DO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A8 deo1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A8 VO fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000956 A8 VO FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segment 8. A8 VO1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000957 The dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segment 8. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 A8 VO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The second dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segment 8. A8 VO2 A8 veo1 ventral external oblique muscle 1 of A8 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000958 The second dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segment 8. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 A8 VO2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A8 veo1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 ventral external oblique muscle 1 of A8 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 The third dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segment 8. A8 VO3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000959 The third dorsal-most ventral oblique muscle of embryonic/larval abdominal segment 8. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 A8 VO3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000960 A8 DT dorsal internal oblique muscle of A8 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000961 A8 DT FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 dorsal internal oblique muscle of A8 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 The only dorsal transverse muscle in larval abdominal segment 8. A8 DT1 A8 dio1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000962 The only dorsal transverse muscle in larval abdominal segment 8. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 A8 DT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A8 dio1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 A8 LT A8 pet1 pleural external transverse muscle of A8 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000963 A8 LT FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A8 pet1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 pleural external transverse muscle of A8 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 The only lateral transverse muscle in larval abdominal segment 8. A8 LT1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000964 The only lateral transverse muscle in larval abdominal segment 8. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 A8 LT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A8 VT fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000965 A8 VT FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The anterior-most transverse muscle in larval abdominal segment 8, located close to the segment boundary with A7. A8 VT1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000966 The anterior-most transverse muscle in larval abdominal segment 8, located close to the segment boundary with A7. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 A8 VT1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The second anterior-most transverse muscle in larval abdominal segment 8, located close to abdominal 8 ventral transverse muscle 1. A8 VT2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000967 The second anterior-most transverse muscle in larval abdominal segment 8, located close to abdominal 8 ventral transverse muscle 1. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 A8 VT2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000968 A8 VL srm fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000969 A8 VL FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 srm FlyBase:FBrf0041814 The dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle in larval abdominal segment 8. A8 VL1 spiracle retractor muscle srm fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000970 The dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle in larval abdominal segment 8. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 A8 VL1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 spiracle retractor muscle FlyBase:FBrf0041814 srm FlyBase:FBrf0041814 The second dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle in larval abdominal segment 8. A8 VL2 spiracle retractor muscle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000971 The second dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle in larval abdominal segment 8. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A8 VL2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 spiracle retractor muscle FlyBase:FBrf0041814 The third dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle in larval abdominal segment 8. A8 VL3 A8 pl1 pleural muscle 1 of A8 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000972 The third dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle in larval abdominal segment 8. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A8 VL3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A8 pl1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 pleural muscle 1 of A8 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 The fourth dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle in larval abdominal segment 8. A8 VL4 A8 vio1 ventral internal oblique muscle of A8 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000973 The fourth dorsal-most ventral longitudinal muscle in larval abdominal segment 8. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A8 VL4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A8 vio1 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 ventral internal oblique muscle of A8 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000974 FBbt:00000607 FBbt:00000953 FBbt:00000974 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000975 According to Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, there are no dorsal group muscles in A9. true FBbt:00000608 FBbt:00000953 FBbt:00000974 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000976 According to Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, there are no dorsal group muscles in A9. true FBbt:00000974 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000977 According to Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, there are no dorsal group muscles in A9. true FBbt:00000974 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000978 true FBbt:00000974 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000979 true FBbt:00000974 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000980 true FBbt:00000974 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000981 true FBbt:00000974 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000982 true FBbt:00000974 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000983 According to Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, there are no dorsal group muscles in A9. true FBbt:00000974 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000984 According to Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, there are no dorsal group muscles in A9. true FBbt:00000974 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000985 According to Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, there are no lateral group muscles in A9. true FBbt:00000974 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000986 According to Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, there are no lateral group muscles in A9. true FBbt:00000974 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000987 true FBbt:00000974 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000988 true FBbt:00000974 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000989 true FBbt:00000974 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000990 true FBbt:00000974 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000991 true FBbt:00000974 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000992 true FBbt:00000974 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000993 true FBbt:00000974 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000994 true FBbt:00000974 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000995 true Posterior-most transverse muscle of the larva. Its dorsal end attaches near the base of the posterior spiracle. fly_anatomy.ontology TT1 FBbt:00000996 Posterior-most transverse muscle of the larva. Its dorsal end attaches near the base of the posterior spiracle. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Embryonic/larval oblique muscle whose posterior end is attached to the posterior integument and whose anterior is attached to the vertical-median septum of the A8/9 intersegmental apodeme (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, pg 121). fly_anatomy.ontology TO FBbt:00000997 Embryonic/larval oblique muscle whose posterior end is attached to the posterior integument and whose anterior is attached to the vertical-median septum of the A8/9 intersegmental apodeme (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, pg 121). FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Most dorsal of the two terminal oblique muscles. TO1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000998 Maybe - spiracular retractor muscle. Most dorsal of the two terminal oblique muscles. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 TO1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Most ventral of the two terminal oblique muscles. TO2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000999 Maybe - spiracular retractor muscle. Most ventral of the two terminal oblique muscles. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 TO2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle, one end of which inserts into the epidermis and the other into the distal hindgut. fly_anatomy.ontology GS FBbt:00001000 Embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle, one end of which inserts into the epidermis and the other into the distal hindgut. FlyBase:FBrf0058826 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The anterior-most of the embryonic/larval gut suspension muscles. It has an oblique orientation, with its posterior end attached to the hindgut. GS1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001001 The anterior-most of the embryonic/larval gut suspension muscles. It has an oblique orientation, with its posterior end attached to the hindgut. FlyBase:FBrf0058826 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 GS1 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The second anterior-most of the embryonic/larval gut suspension muscles. It has an oblique orientation, with its posterior end attached to the hindgut. GS2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001002 Maybe - para-anal muscle. The second anterior-most of the embryonic/larval gut suspension muscles. It has an oblique orientation, with its posterior end attached to the hindgut. FlyBase:FBrf0058826 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 GS2 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The third anterior-most of the embryonic/larval gut suspension muscles. It has an acute orientation with its anterior end attached to the hindgut. GS3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001003 The third anterior-most of the embryonic/larval gut suspension muscles. It has an acute orientation with its anterior end attached to the hindgut. FlyBase:FBrf0058826 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 GS3 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The most posterior of the embryonic/larval gut suspension muscles. It has a longitudinal orientation, with its posterior end attached to the posterior integument and anterior end to the hindgut. GS4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001004 The most posterior of the embryonic/larval gut suspension muscles. It has a longitudinal orientation, with its posterior end attached to the posterior integument and anterior end to the hindgut. FlyBase:FBrf0058826 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 GS4 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Apodeme that is part of the embryo/larva. larval apodeme fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001005 Apodeme that is part of the embryo/larva. FBC:SPR fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001006 Apodeme located at the boundary between two segments. iapo fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001007 Apodeme located at the boundary between two segments. FlyBase:FBrf0058826 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 iapo FlyBase:FBrf0058826 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Apodeme located at the boundary between two abdominal segments. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001008 Apodeme located at the boundary between two abdominal segments. FlyBase:FBrf0058826 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001009 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001010 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001011 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001012 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001013 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001014 An embryonic/larval apodeme at the boundary of A7 and A8. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001015 An embryonic/larval apodeme at the boundary of A7 and A8. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 An embryonic/larval apodeme that is located within a segment, not at the boundary between segments. INA fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001016 An embryonic/larval apodeme that is located within a segment, not at the boundary between segments. FlyBase:FBrf0058826 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 INA FlyBase:FBrf0058826 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Intersegmental apodeme of embryonic/larval segments A1-7. It is the insertion site for longitudinal and ventral oblique muscles of A1-7 (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, pg 172). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001017 Intersegmental apodeme of embryonic/larval segments A1-7. It is the insertion site for longitudinal and ventral oblique muscles of A1-7 (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, pg 172). FlyBase:FBrf0058826 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FBbt:00001018 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001019 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001020 Anterior-most of the two intrasegmental apodemes located in each embryonic/larval segment A1-7. It is the site of insertion of A1-7 ventral acute muscles 1 and 2 (also known as vs3 and vs2 respectively). anterior intrasegmental apodeme of abdominal segment ina1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001021 Anterior-most of the two intrasegmental apodemes located in each embryonic/larval segment A1-7. It is the site of insertion of A1-7 ventral acute muscles 1 and 2 (also known as vs3 and vs2 respectively). FlyBase:FBrf0041814 FlyBase:FBrf0058826 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 ina1 FlyBase:FBrf0058826 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001022 . FlyBase:FBrf0058826 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001023 . FlyBase:FBrf0058826 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001024 . FlyBase:FBrf0058826 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001025 . FlyBase:FBrf0058826 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001026 . FlyBase:FBrf0058826 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001027 . FlyBase:FBrf0058826 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Posterior-most of the two intrasegmental apodemes located in each embryonic/larval abdominal segment. It is the insertion site for A1-7 ventral acute muscle 3 (also known as vs1). ina2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001028 Posterior-most of the two intrasegmental apodemes located in each embryonic/larval abdominal segment. It is the insertion site for A1-7 ventral acute muscle 3 (also known as vs1). FlyBase:FBrf0041814 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 ina2 FlyBase:FBrf0058826 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001029 . FlyBase:FBrf0058826 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001030 . FlyBase:FBrf0058826 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001031 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001032 . FlyBase:FBrf0058826 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001033 . FlyBase:FBrf0058826 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001034 . FlyBase:FBrf0058826 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Muscle of the embryonic/larval intestinal tract. Circular and longitudinal fibers surround the entire intestinal tract, with the exception of the recurrent layer of the proventriculus. The circular fibers derive from a bilaterally symmetrical band of mesodermal cells extending continuously throughout most of the germ band. The longitudinal fibers derive from clusters of mesodermal cells which appear during stage 12 at the posterior end of the embryo and migrate anteriorly. FBbt:00005654 larval visceral muscle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001035 Muscle of the embryonic/larval intestinal tract. Circular and longitudinal fibers surround the entire intestinal tract, with the exception of the recurrent layer of the proventriculus. The circular fibers derive from a bilaterally symmetrical band of mesodermal cells extending continuously throughout most of the germ band. The longitudinal fibers derive from clusters of mesodermal cells which appear during stage 12 at the posterior end of the embryo and migrate anteriorly. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001036 Fibers attaching the dorsal vessel to the roof of the dorsal sinus. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001037 Fibers attaching the dorsal vessel to the roof of the dorsal sinus. FlyBase:FBrf0031012 Fine fibers from the posterior of the embryonic/larval heart that, along with the caudal ostial fibers, anchor the posterior of the heart between the posterior spiracles. caudal end fibers fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001038 Figure 7 of Rizki, (1978), details these structures. Fine fibers from the posterior of the embryonic/larval heart that, along with the caudal ostial fibers, anchor the posterior of the heart between the posterior spiracles. FlyBase:FBrf0031012 caudal end fibers FlyBase:FBrf0031012 Fine fibers from the embryonic/larval ostia 3 that, along with the caudal end fibers, anchor the posterior of the heart between the posterior spiracles. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001039 Figure 7 of Rizki, (1978), details these structures. Fine fibers from the embryonic/larval ostia 3 that, along with the caudal end fibers, anchor the posterior of the heart between the posterior spiracles. FlyBase:FBrf0031012 Muscle that is attached dorsally to the cardiac tube and laterally to the body wall. Contractions of the alary muscles control hemolymph inflow and support the cardiac tube. larval alary muscle fly_anatomy.ontology ligaments FBbt:00001040 Muscle that is attached dorsally to the cardiac tube and laterally to the body wall. Contractions of the alary muscles control hemolymph inflow and support the cardiac tube. FlyBase:FBrf0208061 Paired embryonic/larval alary muscle located on the border of embryonic/larval segments A1/A2. larval alary muscle 1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001041 Paired embryonic/larval alary muscle located on the border of embryonic/larval segments A1/A2. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0200797 Paired embryonic/larval alary muscle located on the border of embryonic/larval segments A2/A3. larval alary muscle 2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001042 Paired embryonic/larval alary muscle located on the border of embryonic/larval segments A2/A3. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0200797 Paired embryonic/larval alary muscle located on the border of embryonic/larval segments A3/A4. larval alary muscle 3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001043 Paired embryonic/larval alary muscle located on the border of embryonic/larval segments A3/A4. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0200797 Paired embryonic/larval alary muscle located on the border of embryonic/larval segments A4/A5. larval alary muscle 4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001044 Paired embryonic/larval alary muscle located on the border of embryonic/larval segments A4/A5. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0200797 Paired embryonic/larval alary muscle located on the border of embryonic/larval segments A5/A6. larval alary muscle 5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001045 Paired embryonic/larval alary muscle located on the border of embryonic/larval segments A5/A6. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0200797 Paired embryonic/larval alary muscle located on the border of embryonic/larval segments A6/A7. larval alary muscle 6 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001046 Paired embryonic/larval alary muscle located on the border of embryonic/larval segments A6/A7. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0200797 Paired embryonic/larval alary muscle located on the border of embryonic/larval segments A7/A8. larval alary muscle 7 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001047 Paired embryonic/larval alary muscle located on the border of embryonic/larval segments A7/A8. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0200797 Circumscribing muscle on the outside of the embryonic/larval heart. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001048 Circumscribing muscle on the outside of the embryonic/larval heart. FlyBase:FBrf0031012 FBbt:00005656 larval esophageal muscle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001049 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001050 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001051 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001052 . FlyBase:FBrf0057603 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001053 FBbt:00005658 larval gonadal sheath muscle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001054 The sum of all the structures in the embryo that will develop into the embryonic/larval nervous system. fly_anatomy.ontology embryonic nervous system FBbt:00001055 The sum of all the structures in the embryo that will develop into the embryonic/larval nervous system. FlyBase:FBrf0031012 embryonic nervous system The sum of all the structures in the embryo that will develop into the embryonic/larval central nervous system. fly_anatomy.ontology embryonic central nervous system FBbt:00001056 The sum of all the structures in the embryo that will develop into the embryonic/larval central nervous system. FlyBase:FBrf0031012 embryonic central nervous system fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001057 Tissue which becomes morphologically distinct shortly after cephalic furrow formation as two strips of about 80 enlarged cells which extend dorso-ventrally on either side of the developing head. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001058 Tissue which becomes morphologically distinct shortly after cephalic furrow formation as two strips of about 80 enlarged cells which extend dorso-ventrally on either side of the developing head. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology P2 VisSys optic lobe placode optic lobe primordium FBbt:00001059 P2 VisSys FBC:ds555 Brain of the embryo. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001060 Brain of the embryo. FBC:SPR The ventrally/medially located ectodermal region of the trunk from which neuroblasts delaminate to form the ventral nerve cord. This region becomes distinct during stage 8 when its cells become enlarged compared to those in the adjacent dorsal ectoderm. FBbt:00000113 P2 VenEc VenEc ventral neurogenic region fly_anatomy.ontology neurectoderm neuroectoderm FBbt:00001061 The ventrally/medially located ectodermal region of the trunk from which neuroblasts delaminate to form the ventral nerve cord. This region becomes distinct during stage 8 when its cells become enlarged compared to those in the adjacent dorsal ectoderm. FlyBase:FBrf0076117 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001062 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001063 embryonic deutocerebral neuromere fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001064 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001065 Protocerebrum of the embryo. fly_anatomy.ontology procephalic lobe FBbt:00001066 Protocerebrum of the embryo. FBC:SPR procephalic lobe FlyBase:FBrf0045366 Deuterocerebrum of the embryo. embryonic deutocerebrum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001067 Deuterocerebrum of the embryo. FBC:SPR Tritocerebrum of the embryonic brain. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001068 Tritocerebrum of the embryonic brain. FBC:SPR fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001069 . fly_anatomy.ontology SNSPs FBbt:00001070 . FlyBase:FBrf0078614 fly_anatomy.ontology iSNSPs FBbt:00001071 fly_anatomy.ontology rostral pouch FBbt:00001072 fly_anatomy.ontology intermediate pouch FBbt:00001073 fly_anatomy.ontology caudal pouch FBbt:00001074 fly_anatomy.ontology tSNSPs FBbt:00001075 fly_anatomy.ontology tSNSP FBbt:00001076 fly_anatomy.ontology tSNSP FBbt:00001077 fly_anatomy.ontology tSNSP FBbt:00001078 fly_anatomy.ontology dSNSPs FBbt:00001079 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001080 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001081 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001082 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001083 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001084 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001085 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001086 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001087 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001088 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001089 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001090 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001091 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001092 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001093 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001094 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001095 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001096 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001097 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001098 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001099 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001100 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001101 FBbt:00001971 larval ventral ganglion vnc fly_anatomy.ontology subesophageal + T1 + T2 + T3 + A1 + A2 + A3 + A4 + A5 + A6 + A7 + A8 ganglia ventral cord FBbt:00001102 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001103 . FlyBase:FBrf0160715 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001104 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001105 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001106 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001107 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001108 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001109 Anterior-most of the two midline-crossing commissures that develop in the posterior half of each abdominal neuromere, except for a9 which only has one commissure. The anterior commissure contains more fibers than the posterior commissure. fly_anatomy.ontology ac FBbt:00001110 Anterior-most of the two midline-crossing commissures that develop in the posterior half of each abdominal neuromere, except for a9 which only has one commissure. The anterior commissure contains more fibers than the posterior commissure. FlyBase:FBrf0053395 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 ac FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Anterior commissure of the first abdominal neuromere. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001111 Anterior commissure of the first abdominal neuromere. FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Anterior commissure of the second abdominal neuromere. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001112 Anterior commissure of the second abdominal neuromere. FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Anterior commissure of the third abdominal neuromere. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001113 Anterior commissure of the third abdominal neuromere. FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Anterior commissure of the fourth abdominal neuromere. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001114 Anterior commissure of the fourth abdominal neuromere. FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Anterior commissure of the fifth abdominal neuromere. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001115 Anterior commissure of the fifth abdominal neuromere. FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Anterior commissure of the sixth abdominal neuromere. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001116 Anterior commissure of the sixth abdominal neuromere. FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Anterior commissure of the seventh abdominal neuromere. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001117 Anterior commissure of the seventh abdominal neuromere. FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Anterior commissure of the eighth abdominal neuromere. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001118 Anterior commissure of the eighth abdominal neuromere. FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The only ventral midline-crossing commissure in A9 of the larval ventral nerve cord. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001119 The only ventral midline-crossing commissure in A9 of the larval ventral nerve cord. FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001120 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001121 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001122 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001123 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001124 Posterior-most of the two midline-crossing commissures that develop in the posterior half of each abdominal neuromere, except for a9 which only has one commissure. The posterior commissure contains fewer fibers than the anterior commissure and is located approximately at the level of the posterior neuromere boundary. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001125 Posterior-most of the two midline-crossing commissures that develop in the posterior half of each abdominal neuromere, except for a9 which only has one commissure. The posterior commissure contains fewer fibers than the anterior commissure and is located approximately at the level of the posterior neuromere boundary. FlyBase:FBrf0053395 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Posterior commissure of the first abdominal neuromere. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001126 Posterior commissure of the first abdominal neuromere. FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Posterior commissure of the second abdominal neuromere. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001127 Posterior commissure of the second abdominal neuromere. FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Posterior commissure of the third abdominal neuromere. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001128 Posterior commissure of the third abdominal neuromere. FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Posterior commissure of the fourth abdominal neuromere. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001129 Posterior commissure of the fourth abdominal neuromere. FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Posterior commissure of the fifth abdominal neuromere. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001130 Posterior commissure of the fifth abdominal neuromere. FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Posterior commissure of the sixth abdominal neuromere. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001131 Posterior commissure of the sixth abdominal neuromere. FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Posterior commissure of the seventh abdominal neuromere. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001132 Posterior commissure of the seventh abdominal neuromere. FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Posterior commissure of the eighth abdominal neuromere. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001133 Posterior commissure of the eighth abdominal neuromere. FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The sum of all the structures in the embryo that will develop into the embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system. fly_anatomy.ontology embryonic peripheral nervous system FBbt:00001134 The sum of all the structures in the embryo that will develop into the embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system. embryonic peripheral nervous system An equivalence group of the neurectoderm where all cells can, although only one will, become a neural progenitor cell. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001135 An equivalence group of the neurectoderm where all cells can, although only one will, become a neural progenitor cell. FlyBase:FBrf0074477 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology SMC FBbt:00001136 true fly_anatomy.ontology SOP sensillum precursor sensory organ mother cell sensory organ precursor cell FBbt:00001137 A sensory mother cell which delaminates during stage 10 and which is a precursor of lch5. fly_anatomy.ontology P cell lch5 precursor FBbt:00001138 A sensory mother cell which delaminates during stage 10 and which is a precursor of lch5. FlyBase:FBrf0092876 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001139 . FlyBase:FBrf0047289 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001140 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001141 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001142 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001143 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001144 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001145 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001146 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001147 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001148 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001149 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001150 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001151 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001152 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001153 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001154 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001155 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001156 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001157 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001158 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001159 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001160 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001161 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001162 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001163 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001164 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001165 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001166 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001167 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001168 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001169 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001170 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001171 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001172 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001173 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001174 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001175 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001176 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001177 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001178 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001179 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001180 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001181 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001182 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001183 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001184 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001185 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001186 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001187 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001188 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001189 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001190 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001191 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001192 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001193 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001194 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001195 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001196 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001197 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001198 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001199 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001200 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001201 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001202 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001203 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001204 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001205 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001206 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001207 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001208 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001209 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001210 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001211 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001212 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001213 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001214 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001215 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001216 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001217 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001218 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001219 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001220 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001221 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001222 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001223 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001224 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001225 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001226 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001227 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001228 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001229 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001230 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001231 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001232 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001233 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001234 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001235 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001236 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001237 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001238 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001239 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001240 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001241 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001242 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001243 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001244 . FlyBase:FBrf0105240 fly_anatomy.ontology DPSG FBbt:00001245 fly_anatomy.ontology VPSG FBbt:00001246 fly_anatomy.ontology BPLG FBbt:00001247 anterior deutocerebral subperineurial glia cluster fly_anatomy.ontology ADSG FBbt:00001248 basal deutocerebral subperineurial glia cluster fly_anatomy.ontology BDSG FBbt:00001249 PDSG name: posterior deutocerebral subperineural glia cluster fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001250 Glial cell of the embryo/larva. fly_anatomy.ontology embryonic glial cell larval glial cell FBbt:00001251 Glial cell of the embryo/larva. FlyBase:FBrf0050373 FlyBase:FBrf0053160 FlyBase:FBrf0054242 FlyBase:FBrf0090460 FlyBase:FBrf0098344 FlyBase:FBrf0105240 FlyBase:FBrf0205499 PMID:21438012 A glial cell that is part of or associated with the surface of the central nervous system. FBbt:00001257 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001252 A glial cell that is part of or associated with the surface of the central nervous system. A surface associated glial cell that is associated with the exit point of a nerve from the central nervous system. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001253 Disambiguation: Some authors consider 'exit glia' to be a distinct class (e.g. see Sepp et al., 2001). However, we follow a more recent system (von Hilchen ,2008) that considers exit glia cells to be a type of peripheral glia. Their nomenclature (ePG1-12) reflects this. A surface associated glial cell that is associated with the exit point of a nerve from the central nervous system. Surface associated glial cell that lies along the dorsoventral channels of the ventral nerve cord. The nuclei of these glial cells are smaller and more spherical compared to the flattened nuclei of the subperineurial glia. fly_anatomy.ontology CNS channel glial cell FBbt:00001255 Surface associated glial cell that lies along the dorsoventral channels of the ventral nerve cord. The nuclei of these glial cells are smaller and more spherical compared to the flattened nuclei of the subperineurial glia. FlyBase:FBrf0082171 . fly_anatomy.ontology CNS glial cell FBbt:00001256 . FlyBase:FBrf0206543 FBbt:00001254 FBbt:00005154 inner perineural sheath cell inner perineurial sheath cell subperineurial associated glial cell fly_anatomy.ontology SPG barrier glial cell surface glia FBbt:00001258 barrier glial cell FlyBase:FBrf0058936 A large subperineural glial cell that lies anterior to the anterior segment border and anterior commissure and medial to the longitudinal connective in each abdominal and thoracic neuromere, (Klambt and Goodman, 1991; Ito et al., 1995). It sends a process to the dorsoventral channel (Ito et al., 1995). A SPG A subperineurial glial cell fly_anatomy.ontology A-SPG FBbt:00001259 A large subperineural glial cell that lies anterior to the anterior segment border and anterior commissure and medial to the longitudinal connective in each abdominal and thoracic neuromere, (Klambt and Goodman, 1991; Ito et al., 1995). It sends a process to the dorsoventral channel (Ito et al., 1995). FlyBase:FBrf0054242 FlyBase:FBrf0057603 FlyBase:FBrf0082171 A SPG FlyBase:FBrf0054242 A subperineurial glial cell (supraesophageal) fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001260 A subperineurial glial cell of optic lobe fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001261 A subperineurial glial cell (subesophageal) fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001262 A-subperineurial glial cell located in a thoracic segment. A subperineurial glial cell of thorax fly_anatomy.ontology A glial cell of thorax A-SPG FBbt:00001263 A-subperineurial glial cell located in a thoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0082171 A-subperineurial glial cell located in thoracic segment 1. A subperineurial glial cell of thoracic segment 1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001264 A-subperineurial glial cell located in thoracic segment 1. FlyBase:FBrf0082171 A-subperineurial glial cell located in thoracic segment 2. A subperineurial glial cell of thoracic segment 2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001265 A-subperineurial glial cell located in thoracic segment 2. FlyBase:FBrf0082171 A-subperineurial glial cell located in thoracic segment 3. A subperineurial glial cell of thoracic segment 3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001266 A-subperineurial glial cell located in thoracic segment 3. FlyBase:FBrf0082171 A-subperineurial glial cell located in the abdominal hemineuromeres. It lies at 20-30% along the medio-lateral axis. A subperineurial glial cell of abdomen fly_anatomy.ontology A glial cell of abdomen A-SPG FBbt:00001267 A-subperineurial glial cell located in the abdominal hemineuromeres. It lies at 20-30% along the medio-lateral axis. FlyBase:FBrf0082171 A-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 1. A subperineurial glial cell of abdominal segment 1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001268 A-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 1. FlyBase:FBrf0082171 A-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 2. A subperineurial glial cell of abdominal segment 2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001269 A-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 2. FlyBase:FBrf0082171 A-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 3. A subperineurial glial cell of abdominal segment 3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001270 A-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 3. FlyBase:FBrf0082171 A-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 4. A subperineurial glial cell of abdominal segment 4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001271 A-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 4. FlyBase:FBrf0082171 A-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 5. A subperineurial glial cell of abdominal segment 5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001272 A-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 5. FlyBase:FBrf0082171 A-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 6. A subperineurial glial cell of abdominal segment 6 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001273 A-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 6. FlyBase:FBrf0082171 A-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 7. A subperineurial glial cell of abdominal segment 7 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001274 A-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 7. FlyBase:FBrf0082171 A-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 8. A subperineurial glial cell of abdominal segment 8 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001275 A-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 8. FlyBase:FBrf0082171 Large subperineural glial cell that sits over the posterior commissure just medial to the longitudinal connectives (Klambt and Goodman, 1991; Ito et al., 1995). It sends processes in three directions: medially to the midline, anteriorly and posteriorly (Ito et al., 1995). Unlike the A-subperineural glial cell, the B-subperineural glial cell is only found in abdominal segments of the embryo and larvae, and lies at approximately the centre of the segment along the antero-posterior axis (Ito et al., 1995). B subperineurial glial cell of abdomen fly_anatomy.ontology B glial cell of abdomen B-SPG FBbt:00001276 Large subperineural glial cell that sits over the posterior commissure just medial to the longitudinal connectives (Klambt and Goodman, 1991; Ito et al., 1995). It sends processes in three directions: medially to the midline, anteriorly and posteriorly (Ito et al., 1995). Unlike the A-subperineural glial cell, the B-subperineural glial cell is only found in abdominal segments of the embryo and larvae, and lies at approximately the centre of the segment along the antero-posterior axis (Ito et al., 1995). FlyBase:FBrf0054242 FlyBase:FBrf0057603 PMID:21438012 B-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 1. B subperineurial glial cell 1 B-subperineurial glial cell 1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001277 B-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 1. FlyBase:FBrf0082171 B-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 2. B subperineurial glial cell 2 B-subperineurial glial cell 2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001278 B-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 2. FlyBase:FBrf0082171 B-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 3. B subperineurial glial cell 3 B-subperineurial glial cell 3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001279 B-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 3. FlyBase:FBrf0082171 B-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 4. B subperineurial glial cell 4 B-subperineurial glial cell 4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001280 B-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 4. FlyBase:FBrf0082171 B-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 5. B subperineurial glial cell 5 B-subperineurial glial cell 5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001281 B-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 5. FlyBase:FBrf0082171 B-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 6. B subperineurial glial cell 6 B-subperineurial glial cell 6 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001282 B-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 6. FlyBase:FBrf0082171 B-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 7. B subperineurial glial cell 7 B-subperineurial glial cell 7 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001283 B-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 7. FlyBase:FBrf0082171 B-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 8. B subperineurial glial cell 8 B-subperineurial glial cell 8 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001284 B-subperineurial glial cell located in abdominal segment 8. FlyBase:FBrf0082171 Surface-associated, subperineurial glial cell located on the ventral surface of the embryonic/larval ventral nerve cord. It lies between the intersegmental nerve roots, at 30-60% along the medio-lateral axis, slightly antero-lateral to the medial intersegmental nerve root glial cell. fly_anatomy.ontology MD-SPG FBbt:00001285 Surface-associated, subperineurial glial cell located on the ventral surface of the embryonic/larval ventral nerve cord. It lies between the intersegmental nerve roots, at 30-60% along the medio-lateral axis, slightly antero-lateral to the medial intersegmental nerve root glial cell. FlyBase:FBrf0082171 Surface-associated, subperineurial glial cell located on the ventral surface of the embryonic/larval ventral nerve cord. It lies near, but slightly above, the exit point of the peripheral nerve, at 80-90% along the medio-lateral axis. fly_anatomy.ontology LD-SPG FBbt:00001286 Surface-associated, subperineurial glial cell located on the ventral surface of the embryonic/larval ventral nerve cord. It lies near, but slightly above, the exit point of the peripheral nerve, at 80-90% along the medio-lateral axis. FlyBase:FBrf0082171 fly_anatomy.ontology DL-SPG belt glial cell FBbt:00001287 Surface-associated, subperineurial glial cell located on the lateral surface of the embryonic/larval ventral nerve cord, and is located ventral to the dorsal lateral subperineurial glial cell. It lies at about 30% along the ventro-dorsal axis, and occasionally there are two of these cells per neuromere. fly_anatomy.ontology VL-SPG belt glial cell FBbt:00001288 At stage 14 the lateral subperineurial glial cells have a vertically elongated 'belt-like' morphology. This suggests that these cells may be the 'belt glia' described by Doe et al., 1991. Surface-associated, subperineurial glial cell located on the lateral surface of the embryonic/larval ventral nerve cord, and is located ventral to the dorsal lateral subperineurial glial cell. It lies at about 30% along the ventro-dorsal axis, and occasionally there are two of these cells per neuromere. FlyBase:FBrf0082171 Surface-associated, subperineurial glial cell located on the ventral surface of the embryonic/larval ventral nerve cord, and lies antero-lateral to the medial ventral subperineurial glial cell. In the abdominal segments, it lies 0-10% along the antero-posterior axis and 60-90% along the medio-lateral axis. fly_anatomy.ontology LV-SPG FBbt:00001289 Surface-associated, subperineurial glial cell located on the ventral surface of the embryonic/larval ventral nerve cord, and lies antero-lateral to the medial ventral subperineurial glial cell. In the abdominal segments, it lies 0-10% along the antero-posterior axis and 60-90% along the medio-lateral axis. FlyBase:FBrf0082171 Surface-associated, subperineurial glial cell located on the ventral surface of the embryonic/larval ventral nerve cord, and lies more medially than the lateral ventral subperineurial glial cell. In the abdominal segments, it lies 50% along the antero-posterior axis and 30-50% along the medio-lateral axis, but it lies slightly more medially in the thoracic segments. fly_anatomy.ontology MV-SPG FBbt:00001290 Surface-associated, subperineurial glial cell located on the ventral surface of the embryonic/larval ventral nerve cord, and lies more medially than the lateral ventral subperineurial glial cell. In the abdominal segments, it lies 50% along the antero-posterior axis and 30-50% along the medio-lateral axis, but it lies slightly more medially in the thoracic segments. PMID:21438012 FBbt:00001255 fly_anatomy.ontology CG MS cell FBbt:00001291 Made obsolete due to redundancy. Alternatively please use: FBbt:00001255 true Surface-associated, channel glial cell that lies at the dorsal-end of the channel above the neuropil. There are two of these cells per hemisegment and their processes form, along with processes from the ventral channel glia, a sheath structure that covers the inner surface of the dorsoventral channel. fly_anatomy.ontology D-CG FBbt:00001292 Surface-associated, channel glial cell that lies at the dorsal-end of the channel above the neuropil. There are two of these cells per hemisegment and their processes form, along with processes from the ventral channel glia, a sheath structure that covers the inner surface of the dorsoventral channel. PMID:21438012 Surface-associated, channel glial cell that lies just beneath the ventral side of the cortex/neuropil interface. There are 3-4 medial channel glial cells and they send their processes to and along the dorsoventral channel. fly_anatomy.ontology M-CG FBbt:00001293 Surface-associated, channel glial cell that lies just beneath the ventral side of the cortex/neuropil interface. There are 3-4 medial channel glial cells and they send their processes to and along the dorsoventral channel. PMID:21438012 Anterior-most of the two medial channel glial cells. fly_anatomy.ontology M-CG1 FBbt:00001294 Anterior-most of the two medial channel glial cells. PMID:21438012 Posterior-most of the two medial channel glial cells. fly_anatomy.ontology M-CG2 FBbt:00001295 Posterior-most of the two medial channel glial cells. PMID:21438012 Surface-associated, channel glial cell that lies at the ventral-end of the channel above the neuropil. There are two of these cells per hemisegment and their processes form, along with processes from the dorsal channel glia, a sheath structure that covers the inner surface of the dorsoventral channel. fly_anatomy.ontology V-CG FBbt:00001296 Surface-associated, channel glial cell that lies at the ventral-end of the channel above the neuropil. There are two of these cells per hemisegment and their processes form, along with processes from the dorsal channel glia, a sheath structure that covers the inner surface of the dorsoventral channel. PMID:21438012 Glial cell lying amongst the neuronal cell bodies of the cortex (Ito et al., 1995). fly_anatomy.ontology cortex associated CNS glial cell FBbt:00001297 Glial cells associated with axonal tracts (such as those associated with nerve roots) are excluded from this class of glial cells. Glial cell lying amongst the neuronal cell bodies of the cortex (Ito et al., 1995). PMID:21438012 Glial cell located amongst neuronal cell bodies in the cortex of the embryonic/larval central nervous system. In the abdominal and thoracic segments there are typically 3-4 and 4-5 cell body glia per hemineuromere, respectively (Ito et al., 1995), though their positions vary between individuals. fly_anatomy.ontology CBG CoG cell body glial cell FBbt:00001298 Glial cell located amongst neuronal cell bodies in the cortex of the embryonic/larval central nervous system. In the abdominal and thoracic segments there are typically 3-4 and 4-5 cell body glia per hemineuromere, respectively (Ito et al., 1995), though their positions vary between individuals. PMID:21438012 Cell body glial cell that lies close to the midline in the center of the segment. It lies between 10-20% along the mediolateral axis, and at approximately 50% along the anterioposterior axis, and flanks the ventral unpaired median (VUM) neuron cluster on the midline. The thoracic hemineuromere has two medial-most cell body glial cells, whilst the abdominal hemineuromere has only one. fly_anatomy.ontology MM-CBG VUM support cell VUM-support cell FBbt:00001299 The medial-most cell body glial cells are likely the VUM-support cells described by Klambt and Goodman (1991), and Menne and Klambt (1994). Cell body glial cell that lies close to the midline in the center of the segment. It lies between 10-20% along the mediolateral axis, and at approximately 50% along the anterioposterior axis, and flanks the ventral unpaired median (VUM) neuron cluster on the midline. The thoracic hemineuromere has two medial-most cell body glial cells, whilst the abdominal hemineuromere has only one. PMID:21438012 VUM support cell FlyBase:FBrf0054242 VUM-support cell FlyBase:FBrf0054242 Cell body glial cell located in the ventral cortex, lateral to the medial-most cell body glia. Its position varies between 20% and 80% along the mediolateral axis. fly_anatomy.ontology M-CBG medial CBG FBbt:00001300 Cell body glial cell located in the ventral cortex, lateral to the medial-most cell body glia. Its position varies between 20% and 80% along the mediolateral axis. PMID:21438012 M-CBG PMID:21438012 medial CBG PMID:21438012 Ventrolaterally located cell body glial cell, located in the lateral cortex more medial to the lateral cell body glial cell. This cell is not present in all animals. fly_anatomy.ontology VL-CBG ventrolateral CBG FBbt:00001301 Ventrolaterally located cell body glial cell, located in the lateral cortex more medial to the lateral cell body glial cell. This cell is not present in all animals. PMID:21438012 Lateral-most of the cell body glial cells, located in the lateral cortex. fly_anatomy.ontology L-CBG lateral CBG longitudinal cell body glial cell FBbt:00001302 Lateral-most of the cell body glial cells, located in the lateral cortex. PMID:21438012 lateral CBG PMID:21438012 Glial cell associated with neuropil regions, including regions of synaptic neuropil, tracts, commissures and nerve roots. There are between 90-100 neuropil associated glial cells in a single late larval brain hemisphere (Hartenstein, 2011). neuropil associated CNS glial cell neuropil associated glial cell neuropil-associated CNS glial cell neuropil-associated glial cell fly_anatomy.ontology neuropil associated CNS glial cell FBbt:00001303 Glial cell associated with neuropil regions, including regions of synaptic neuropil, tracts, commissures and nerve roots. There are between 90-100 neuropil associated glial cells in a single late larval brain hemisphere (Hartenstein, 2011). PMID:21438012 neuropil associated glial cell PMID:21438012 neuropil-associated glial cell PMID:21438012 Nerve root glial cell associated with the intersegmental nerve root. fly_anatomy.ontology ISNG FBbt:00001304 Nerve root glial cell associated with the intersegmental nerve root. PMID:21438012 ISNG PMID:21438012 Intersegmental nerve glial cell that is located at the medial end of the anterior branch of the intersegmental nerve root, above the lateral neuropil. It contacts both the perineurium and the cortex/neuropil interface. It sends a process laterally along the nerve root, showing a characteristic triangular morphology. fly_anatomy.ontology ISG1 M-ISNG SBC intersegmental glial cell 1 segmental boundary glial cell FBbt:00001305 Intersegmental nerve glial cell that is located at the medial end of the anterior branch of the intersegmental nerve root, above the lateral neuropil. It contacts both the perineurium and the cortex/neuropil interface. It sends a process laterally along the nerve root, showing a characteristic triangular morphology. PMID:21438012 ISG1 FlyBase:FBrf0054242 M-ISNG PMID:21438012 SBC FlyBase:FBrf0064795 Intersegmental nerve root glia that is located near the exit point of the nerve root. fly_anatomy.ontology ISG2 L-ISNG intersegmental glial cell 2 FBbt:00001306 The lateral segmental nerve root glial cell and the lateral intersegmental nerve root glial cell lie in close proximity. In some animals one of these is absent. Intersegmental nerve root glia that is located near the exit point of the nerve root. PMID:21438012 ISG2 FlyBase:FBrf0054242 L-ISNG PMID:21438012 intersegmental glial cell 2 FlyBase:FBrf0054242 Glial cell associated with the segmental nerve root. fly_anatomy.ontology SNG FBbt:00001307 Glial cell associated with the segmental nerve root. PMID:21438012 SNG PMID:21438012 Anterior-most of the two medial segment nerve root glial cells. fly_anatomy.ontology M-SNG1 SG1 SNG1 segmental glial cell 1 FBbt:00001308 Anterior-most of the two medial segment nerve root glial cells. PMID:21438012 M-SNG1 PMID:21438012 SNG1 FlyBase:FBrf0054242 Posterior-most of the two medial segment nerve root glial cells. fly_anatomy.ontology M-SNG2 SG2 SNG2 segmental glial cell 2 FBbt:00001309 Posterior-most of the two medial segment nerve root glial cells. PMID:21438012 M-SNG2 PMID:21438012 SNG2 FlyBase:FBrf0054242 Segmental nerve root glial cell that lies at the point where the intersegmental and segmental nerve roots meet to form a single peripheral nerve. fly_anatomy.ontology L-SNG SG3 segmental glial cell FBbt:00001310 The lateral segmental nerve root glial cell and the lateral intersegmental nerve root glial cell lie in close proximity. In some animals one of these is absent. Segmental nerve root glial cell that lies at the point where the intersegmental and segmental nerve roots meet to form a single peripheral nerve. PMID:21438012 L-SNG PMID:21438012 SG3 FlyBase:FBrf0054242 Neuropil associated CNS glial cell that lies at the cortex/neuropil interface and sends processes along it. There are 7-8 interface glial cells per hemineuromere in the embryo and early larvae. fly_anatomy.ontology IG LG longitudinal glial cell neuropil cover glia FBbt:00001311 Neuropil associated CNS glial cell that lies at the cortex/neuropil interface and sends processes along it. There are 7-8 interface glial cells per hemineuromere in the embryo and early larvae. PMID:21438012 neuropil cover glia doi:10.1007/BF00323575 Interface glial cell located on the dorsal interface of the hemineuromere. There are up to five of these cells per hemineuromere, three or four lying in the medial-most area of the dorsal interface which separate the neuropil from the pair of rows of large neural cell bodies. Another one or two dorsal interface glia lie at a more lateral region of the dorsal interface, which is beneath the thinnest part of the dorsal cortex. fly_anatomy.ontology D-IG dorsal IG FBbt:00001312 The positions of the interface glial cells vary considerably in the first instar larval ventral nerve cord. Interface glial cell located on the dorsal interface of the hemineuromere. There are up to five of these cells per hemineuromere, three or four lying in the medial-most area of the dorsal interface which separate the neuropil from the pair of rows of large neural cell bodies. Another one or two dorsal interface glia lie at a more lateral region of the dorsal interface, which is beneath the thinnest part of the dorsal cortex. PMID:21438012 dorsal IG PMID:21438012 Interface glial cell located in the lateral interface of the ventral nerve cord. There are 2 lateral interface glial cells per hemineuromere forming two parallel flat processes dorso-ventrally along the lateral interface. fly_anatomy.ontology L-IG lateral IG FBbt:00001313 Interface glial cell located in the lateral interface of the ventral nerve cord. There are 2 lateral interface glial cells per hemineuromere forming two parallel flat processes dorso-ventrally along the lateral interface. PMID:21438012 lateral IG PMID:21438012 Interface glial cell located at the ventral-most region of the ventral nerve cord interface near the center of the segment lateral to the ventral midline glial cells. The ventral interface glial cell sends processes both laterally and medially. The medial process runs towards the midline glial cells, but apparently does not contact them. It runs along the inner surface of the neuropil between the anterior and posterior commissures and seems to contact the medial dorsal intersegmental glial cells. fly_anatomy.ontology V-IG ventral IG FBbt:00001314 In some samples there are two ventral interface glial cells per hemisegment, but generally there is only one cell. Interface glial cell located at the ventral-most region of the ventral nerve cord interface near the center of the segment lateral to the ventral midline glial cells. The ventral interface glial cell sends processes both laterally and medially. The medial process runs towards the midline glial cells, but apparently does not contact them. It runs along the inner surface of the neuropil between the anterior and posterior commissures and seems to contact the medial dorsal intersegmental glial cells. PMID:21438012 ventral IG PMID:21438012 Neuropil associated CNS glial cell located along the midline in the ventral nerve cord. There are three or four midline glia per neuromere, arranged above (dorsal to) and below (ventral to) the neuropil. Cytoplasmic extensions are restricted to the midline, covering the medial part of the commissure neuropil. Fine extensions are also observed within the neuropil. FBbt:00005567 midline glia ventral midline glia fly_anatomy.ontology MG MGA, MGM, MGP median glial cell FBbt:00001315 Ito et al. (1995) states that there are generally three or four midline glial cells per neuromere, but occasionally there are more than four. The thoracic neuromeres are more likely than the abdominal neuromeres to have more. Midline glia are repo (FBgn0011701) negative and are eliminated by apoptosis during the pupal stage. Neuropil associated CNS glial cell located along the midline in the ventral nerve cord. There are three or four midline glia per neuromere, arranged above (dorsal to) and below (ventral to) the neuropil. Cytoplasmic extensions are restricted to the midline, covering the medial part of the commissure neuropil. Fine extensions are also observed within the neuropil. PMID:21438012 Midline glial cell located dorsal to the ventral nerve cord neuropil. dorsal midline glial cell fly_anatomy.ontology D-MG FBbt:00001316 Midline glial cell located dorsal to the ventral nerve cord neuropil. PMID:21438012 Midline glial cell located ventral to the ventral nerve cord neuropil. ventral midline glial cell fly_anatomy.ontology V-MG FBbt:00001317 Midline glial cell located ventral to the ventral nerve cord neuropil. PMID:21438012 fly_anatomy.ontology SDBP FBbt:00001318 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001319 Glial cell that is part of the peripheral nervous system. fly_anatomy.ontology PNS glial cell FBbt:00001320 Glial cell that is part of the peripheral nervous system. FBC:SPR fly_anatomy.ontology EG FBbt:00001321 EG FlyBase:FBrf0054242 FBbt:00001321 fly_anatomy.ontology EGM1 FBbt:00001322 This term comes from Klambt and Goodman, 1991 (FBrf0054242) who distinguished anterior, medial1 and medial2 exit glia based on position. But von Hilchen et al, 2008 (FBrf0204826) have shown that, when classified by lineage and expression, the relative position of these three cells is variable. We have therefore obsoleted this term. As it is not possible to specify a 1:1 mapping between the nomenclature of Klambt and Goodman and that of von Hilchen, we suggest using the general term 'PNS exit glial cell'. true EGM1 FlyBase:FBrf0054242 FBbt:00001321 fly_anatomy.ontology EGM2 FBbt:00001323 This term comes from Klambt and Goodman, 1991 (FBrf0054242) who distinguished anterior, medial1 and medial2 exit glia based on position. But von Hilchen et al, 2008 (FBrf0204826) have shown that, when classified by lineage and expression, the relative position of these three cells is variable. We have therefore obsoleted this term. As it is not possible to specify a 1:1 mapping between the nomenclature of Klambt and Goodman and that of von Hilchen, we suggest using the general term 'PNS exit glial cell'. true EGM2 FlyBase:FBrf0054242 FBbt:00001321 EGA fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001324 This term comes from Klambt and Goodman, 1991 (FBrf0054242) who distinguished anterior, medial1 and medial2 exit glia based on position. But von Hilchen et al, 2008 (FBrf0204826) have shown that, when classified by lineage and expression, the relative position of these three cells is variable. We have therefore obsoleted this term. As it is not possible to specify a 1:1 mapping between the nomenclature of Klambt and Goodman and that of von Hilchen, we suggest using the general term 'PNS exit glial cell'. true EGA FlyBase:FBrf0054242 Exit glial cell associated with the root of SNd fly_anatomy.ontology EGP FBbt:00001325 Note that this exit glial cell was not identified by von Hilchen et al, 2008 (FBrf0204826) in their attempt at a comprehensive catalogue of peripheral glia. Exit glial cell associated with the root of SNd FlyBase:FBrf0054242 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001326 Said to be mesodermal in origin. Not clear where this term comes from. Probably maps to embryonic peripheral glial cell 12 (FBbt:00110115) - although not clear in that case why it would be referred to as an exit glial cell. . FBC:ma Glial cell in a nerve that is directly associated with its neurites and is not part of subperineurial layer that wraps the nerve. Early in development, cells of this type are involved in axon pathfinding. Later, cells of this type ensheath neurites and some are located at branching points. exit glia fly_anatomy.ontology PG FBbt:00001327 Disambiguation: Some authors consider 'exit glia' to be a distinct class (e.g. see Sepp et al., 2001). However, we follow a more recent system (von Hilchen ,2008) that considers exit glia cells to be a type of peripheral glia. Their nomenclature (ePG1-12) reflects this. Glial cell in a nerve that is directly associated with its neurites and is not part of subperineurial layer that wraps the nerve. Early in development, cells of this type are involved in axon pathfinding. Later, cells of this type ensheath neurites and some are located at branching points. FlyBase:FBrf0049575 FlyBase:FBrf0054242 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0138519 FlyBase:FBrf0139836 FlyBase:FBrf0204826 exit glia FlyBase:FBrf0139836 An embryonic peripheral glial cell located distally to the transition zone between the CNS and the PNS on segmental nerve, near the point where it splits from the intersegmental nerve (ISN). It develops from the same sensory organ precursor cell located in the ventral neuroectoderm as embryonic peripheral glial cell 5 (von Hilchen et al., 2008). mmc46 2012-01-19T03:05:09Z ePG4 peripheral glial cell 1 peripheral glial cell 1 of SN fly_anatomy.ontology PG1 FBbt:00001328 The position of the cell body of ePG4 is very stable: it is found at its position 96% of the time. Rarely, it can be found at the position of ePG5 (4%). This analysis was done using specific cell markers and taking into account which nerve the cell is associated with (von Hilchen et al., 2008). An embryonic peripheral glial cell located distally to the transition zone between the CNS and the PNS on segmental nerve, near the point where it splits from the intersegmental nerve (ISN). It develops from the same sensory organ precursor cell located in the ventral neuroectoderm as embryonic peripheral glial cell 5 (von Hilchen et al., 2008). FlyBase:FBrf0049575 FlyBase:FBrf0054242 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0204826 ePG4 FlyBase:FBrf0204826 peripheral glial cell 1 FlyBase:FBrf0054242 peripheral glial cell 1 of SN FlyBase:FBrf0054242 PG1 FlyBase:FBrf0054242 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 A peripheral glial cell associated with the intersegmental nerve (ISN) that is located between PG1 (ePG4) and PG3 (ePG10). There are 4 of these (von Hilchen et al., 2008). PG2 peripheral glial cell 2 peripheral glial cell 2 of ISN fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001329 This term revers to PG2 from the old nomenclature of Klambt and Goodman, 1991, which has been largely supersed by the more fine grained nomenclature of von Hilchen et al., 2008 (FBrf0204826). The term has been kept as a grouping term for ePG6-9 as it has been used in curation a number of times, but the name has been changed to avoid confusion with ePG2 from the new nomenclature, which is a completely different cell. A peripheral glial cell associated with the intersegmental nerve (ISN) that is located between PG1 (ePG4) and PG3 (ePG10). There are 4 of these (von Hilchen et al., 2008). FlyBase:FBrf0049575 FlyBase:FBrf0054242 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0204826 PG2 FlyBase:FBrf0054242 peripheral glial cell 2 FlyBase:FBrf0054242 peripheral glial cell 2 of ISN FlyBase:FBrf0054242 Embryonic peripheral glial cell associated with the intersegmental nerve (ISN), located at its distal end, laterally to ePG9 (von Hilchen et al., 2008). It develops from a sensory organ precursor cell (Nelson and Laughon, 1993; von Hilchen et al., 2008)). mmc46 2012-01-19T03:05:09Z PG3 ePG10 peripheral glial cell 3 of ISN fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001330 The position of the cell body of ePG10 is fixed: it is found at its position 100% of the time. This analysis was done using specific cell markers and taking into account which nerve the cell is associated with (von Hilchen et al., 2008). Mapping to from the terminology of Klambt and Goodman, 1991, is also from von Hilchen et al., 2008. Embryonic peripheral glial cell associated with the intersegmental nerve (ISN), located at its distal end, laterally to ePG9 (von Hilchen et al., 2008). It develops from a sensory organ precursor cell (Nelson and Laughon, 1993; von Hilchen et al., 2008)). FlyBase:FBrf0050677 FlyBase:FBrf0054242 FlyBase:FBrf0059322 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0204826 PG3 FlyBase:FBrf0054242 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 ePG10 FlyBase:FBrf0204826 peripheral glial cell 3 of ISN FlyBase:FBrf0054242 Peripheral glial cell associated with the SNc (Goodman and Doe, 1993). It is located more distally than peripheral glial cell 1. peripheral glial cell 4 fly_anatomy.ontology PG4 FBbt:00001331 Note that this exit glial cell was not identified by von Hilchen et al, 2008 (FBrf0204826) in their attempt at a comprehensive catalogue of peripheral glia. Peripheral glial cell associated with the SNc (Goodman and Doe, 1993). It is located more distally than peripheral glial cell 1. FlyBase:FBrf0054242 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001332 . FlyBase:FBrf0055900 A neuroblast of the brain, lying below the peripheral neurectoderm. They are usually greater than 10 micrometers in diameter and express stem-cell specific markers. Individual neuroblasts are named according to their position relative to major morphological features (cephalic furrow, invaginating foregut, dorsal and ventral midline, their relative position with respect to each other, their time of segregation and their expression of markers). They are assigned to one of the three brain neuromeres. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001333 A neuroblast of the brain, lying below the peripheral neurectoderm. They are usually greater than 10 micrometers in diameter and express stem-cell specific markers. Individual neuroblasts are named according to their position relative to major morphological features (cephalic furrow, invaginating foregut, dorsal and ventral midline, their relative position with respect to each other, their time of segregation and their expression of markers). They are assigned to one of the three brain neuromeres. FlyBase:FBrf0161021 A neuroblast located in the protocerebrum. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001334 A neuroblast located in the protocerebrum. FlyBase:FBrf0089217 FlyBase:FBrf0161021 A neuroblast located in the anterior region of the protocerebrum. fly_anatomy.ontology Pa FBbt:00001335 A neuroblast located in the anterior region of the protocerebrum. FlyBase:FBrf0089217 FlyBase:FBrf0161021 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001336 true fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001337 true fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001338 true fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001339 true fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001340 true fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001341 true fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001342 true A neuroblast located in the central region of the protocerebrum. fly_anatomy.ontology Pc FBbt:00001343 A neuroblast located in the central region of the protocerebrum. FlyBase:FBrf0089217 FlyBase:FBrf0161021 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001344 true fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001345 true fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001346 true A neuroblast located in the posterior region of the protocerebrum. fly_anatomy.ontology Pp FBbt:00001347 A neuroblast located in the posterior region of the protocerebrum. FlyBase:FBrf0089217 FlyBase:FBrf0161021 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001348 true fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001349 true fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001350 true fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001351 true fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001352 true A neuroblast located in the deuterocerebrum. deutocerebral neuroblast fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001353 A neuroblast located in the deuterocerebrum. FlyBase:FBrf0089217 FlyBase:FBrf0161021 A neuroblast located in the dorsal region of the deuterocerebrum. dorsal deutocerebral neuroblast fly_anatomy.ontology Da FBbt:00001354 A neuroblast located in the dorsal region of the deuterocerebrum. FlyBase:FBrf0089217 FlyBase:FBrf0161021 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001355 true A neuroblast located in the ventral region of the deuterocerebrum. ventral deutocerebral neuroblast fly_anatomy.ontology Dc FBbt:00001356 A neuroblast located in the ventral region of the deuterocerebrum. FlyBase:FBrf0089217 FlyBase:FBrf0161021 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001357 true fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001358 true fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001359 true posterior deutocerebral neuroblast fly_anatomy.ontology Dp FBbt:00001360 true fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001361 true fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001362 true A neuroblast located in the tritocerebrum. fly_anatomy.ontology T FBbt:00001363 A neuroblast located in the tritocerebrum. FlyBase:FBrf0089217 FlyBase:FBrf0161021 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001364 true fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001365 true Neuron located in the supraesophageal ganglion. VFB:FBbt_00001366 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001366 Neuron located in the supraesophageal ganglion. FBC:SPR Bilaterally paired neuron of the embryo/larva. Each(?) abdominal segment contains a pair of SP1 neurons with an axon that crosses the ventral midline as part of the anterior commissure, wraps around the cell body of its contralateral partner and then extends anteriorly as part of the longitudinal connective. During development, these axons pioneer the anterior commissure and longitudinal connectives. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001367 Bilaterally paired neuron of the embryo/larva. Each(?) abdominal segment contains a pair of SP1 neurons with an axon that crosses the ventral midline as part of the anterior commissure, wraps around the cell body of its contralateral partner and then extends anteriorly as part of the longitudinal connective. During development, these axons pioneer the anterior commissure and longitudinal connectives. FlyBase:FBrf0053374 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0144965 Bilaterally paired cluster of serotonergic neurons of both larval and adult brain. During larval stages, the cell bodies are located in a cluster in the dorsal cortex, posterior to serotonergic neuron SP1 (FBbt:00007339). Their axons travel to the contralateral hemisphere as part of a dorsal, midline crossing tract. In the adult brain, the cell bodies of these neurons are present in a small cluster in the cortex overlying the anterior medial protocerebrum, posterior to the SP1 cluster. VFB:FBbt_00001368 SP2 neuron supraesophageal ganglion neuron 2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001368 Bilaterally paired cluster of serotonergic neurons of both larval and adult brain. During larval stages, the cell bodies are located in a cluster in the dorsal cortex, posterior to serotonergic neuron SP1 (FBbt:00007339). Their axons travel to the contralateral hemisphere as part of a dorsal, midline crossing tract. In the adult brain, the cell bodies of these neurons are present in a small cluster in the cortex overlying the anterior medial protocerebrum, posterior to the SP1 cluster. FlyBase:FBrf0048551 SP2 neuron FlyBase:FBrf0048551 supraesophageal ganglion neuron 2 FlyBase:FBrf0048551 . fly_anatomy.ontology neuroblast of ventral nervous system FBbt:00001369 . FlyBase:FBrf0090460 FlyBase:FBrf0098344 The first neuroblast subpopulation delaminating from the ventral neurectoderm towards the end of the second mesodermal cell division, shortly after gastrulation (Hartenstein and Campos-Ortega, 1984). These neuroblasts are generally arranged in two fairly regular longitudinal rows (the medial and lateral longitudinal rows), with a few cells scattered in an intermediate row. Doe (1992) defines the end of S1 as being early embryonic stage 9 following the development of NB3-2. fly_anatomy.ontology S1 neuroblast SI neuroblast FBbt:00001370 Figure 7 of Hartenstein and Campos-Ortega, (1984), graphically depicts the pattern formed by the population of neuroblasts for the left half of the germ band. The first neuroblast subpopulation delaminating from the ventral neurectoderm towards the end of the second mesodermal cell division, shortly after gastrulation (Hartenstein and Campos-Ortega, 1984). These neuroblasts are generally arranged in two fairly regular longitudinal rows (the medial and lateral longitudinal rows), with a few cells scattered in an intermediate row. Doe (1992) defines the end of S1 as being early embryonic stage 9 following the development of NB3-2. FlyBase:FBrf0055900 FlyBase:FBrf0073294 FlyBase:FBrf0076117 FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://uoneuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/nbmap.html Neuroblast NB1-1 delaminates at stage 1 and generates the aCC and pCC neurons, glia, interneurons and additional motorneurons in the thoracic segments (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB1-1.html). neuroglioblast NB1-1 fly_anatomy.ontology NB2-2 FBbt:00001371 Neuroblast NB1-1 delaminates at stage 1 and generates the aCC and pCC neurons, glia, interneurons and additional motorneurons in the thoracic segments (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB1-1.html). FlyBase:FBrf0055900 FlyBase:FBrf0058118 FlyBase:FBrf0073294 FlyBase:FBrf0084809 FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB1-1.html neuroglioblast NB1-1 FlyBase:FBrf0058118 NB2-2 FlyBase:FBrf0084809 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001372 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001373 Neuroblast NB2-5 delaminates at S1 and generates a diverse array of cell types including motorneurons, intersegmental interneurons, local interneurons, glial cells and sometimes a PNS sub-clone (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB2-5.html). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001374 Neuroblast NB2-5 delaminates at S1 and generates a diverse array of cell types including motorneurons, intersegmental interneurons, local interneurons, glial cells and sometimes a PNS sub-clone (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB2-5.html). FlyBase:FBrf0055900 FlyBase:FBrf0073294 FlyBase:FBrf0084809 FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB2-5.html Neuroblast NB3-5 delaminates at stage 1 in the interior-most row of the lateral column (Hartenstein and Campos-Ortega, 1984), and generates a diverse array of cell types including motorneurons, intersegmental interneurons, local interneurons, glial cells and sometimes a PNS sub-clone (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB3-5.html). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001375 Neuroblast NB3-5 delaminates at stage 1 in the interior-most row of the lateral column (Hartenstein and Campos-Ortega, 1984), and generates a diverse array of cell types including motorneurons, intersegmental interneurons, local interneurons, glial cells and sometimes a PNS sub-clone (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB3-5.html). FlyBase:FBrf0055900 FlyBase:FBrf0073294 FlyBase:FBrf0084809 FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB3-5.html Neuroblast NB5-2 delaminates at stage 1 in the medial column (Hartenstein and Campos-Ortega, 1984). It generates a single motorneuron innervating muscle 12 via the SNb and a large number of intersegmental and local interneurons. Most of the posterior commissure derives from NB5-2 interneurons (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB5-2.html). fly_anatomy.ontology medial SI neuroblast NB 5-2 FBbt:00001376 Neuroblast NB5-2 delaminates at stage 1 in the medial column (Hartenstein and Campos-Ortega, 1984). It generates a single motorneuron innervating muscle 12 via the SNb and a large number of intersegmental and local interneurons. Most of the posterior commissure derives from NB5-2 interneurons (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB5-2.html). FlyBase:FBrf0055900 FlyBase:FBrf0073294 FlyBase:FBrf0076117 FlyBase:FBrf0084809 FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB5-2.html Neuroblast NB5-6 generates lateral sub-perineural glial cells and interneurons (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB5-6.html). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001377 Neuroblast NB5-6 generates lateral sub-perineural glial cells and interneurons (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB5-6.html). FlyBase:FBrf0055900 FlyBase:FBrf0073294 FlyBase:FBrf0084809 FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB5-6.html fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001378 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001379 Neuroblast NB7-1 is the largest neuroblast lineage generating 40 cells or more, including the U motorneurons and a large number of local interneurons. It also frequently generates the putative segment boundary cells (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB7-1.html). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001380 Neuroblast NB7-1 is the largest neuroblast lineage generating 40 cells or more, including the U motorneurons and a large number of local interneurons. It also frequently generates the putative segment boundary cells (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB7-1.html). FlyBase:FBrf0055900 FlyBase:FBrf0073294 FlyBase:FBrf0084809 FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB7-1.html Neuroblast NB7-4 generates a large number of glia (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB7-4.html). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001381 Neuroblast NB7-4 generates a large number of glia (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB7-4.html). FlyBase:FBrf0055900 FlyBase:FBrf0073294 FlyBase:FBrf0084809 FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB7-4.html Midline precursor cell that divides only once to produce the intersegmental interneurons dMP2 and vMP2 neurons. Despite its name, it forms bilaterally as part of the medial column of stage1 neuroblasts (Schmid et al., 1999). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001382 Midline precursor cell that divides only once to produce the intersegmental interneurons dMP2 and vMP2 neurons. Despite its name, it forms bilaterally as part of the medial column of stage1 neuroblasts (Schmid et al., 1999). FlyBase:FBrf0055900 FlyBase:FBrf0112030 A neuroblast delaminating in the second wave of neuroblast delamination from the ventral neuroectoderm. This stage begins in embryonic stage 9 ending in stage 10, and the neuroblasts primarily delaminate into the intermediate column (Doe, 1992). fly_anatomy.ontology S2 neuroblast SII neuroblast FBbt:00001383 A neuroblast delaminating in the second wave of neuroblast delamination from the ventral neuroectoderm. This stage begins in embryonic stage 9 ending in stage 10, and the neuroblasts primarily delaminate into the intermediate column (Doe, 1992). FlyBase:FBrf0055900 FlyBase:FBrf0076117 Neuroblast NB1-2 delaminates at S2 and generates 4-6 intersegmental interneurons. It also produces approximately 20 local interneurons and, in the thoracic segments, the semaphorin II (FBgn0011260) positive DC motorneuron (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB1-2.html). fly_anatomy.ontology NB1-1 neuroglioblast 1-1 FBbt:00001384 Neuroblast NB1-2 delaminates at S2 and generates 4-6 intersegmental interneurons. It also produces approximately 20 local interneurons and, in the thoracic segments, the semaphorin II (FBgn0011260) positive DC motorneuron (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB1-2.html). FlyBase:FBrf0084809 FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB1-2.html http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/12description.html Neuroblast NB2-2 delaminates at S2 and generates two to three motorneurons that innervate anterior lateral muscles via the SNa. It generates a large number of local interneurons and a smaller number of late-developing intersegmental interneurons (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB2-2.html). fly_anatomy.ontology NB2-3 FBbt:00001385 Neuroblast NB2-2 delaminates at S2 and generates two to three motorneurons that innervate anterior lateral muscles via the SNa. It generates a large number of local interneurons and a smaller number of late-developing intersegmental interneurons (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB2-2.html). FlyBase:FBrf0084809 FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB2-2.html http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/22 description.html fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001386 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001387 Neuroblast NB3-2 delaminates at S1 and generates as many as 6 motorneurons and a cluster if local interneurons. It is the mirror image of the clone derived from NB4-2 (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB3-2.html). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001388 Neuroblast NB3-2 delaminates at S1 and generates as many as 6 motorneurons and a cluster if local interneurons. It is the mirror image of the clone derived from NB4-2 (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB3-2.html). FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB3-2.html http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/32 description.html Neuroblast NB4-2 delaminates at S2 in the intermediate column and produces the well characterized RP2 motorneuron (FBbt:00001453), which innervates muscles 2, 9 and 11. It also produces the Cousins if RP2 motorneurons (CoR), which generate the entirety of the SNc, innervating muscles 26, 27 and 29. It also generates local interneurons and, in a small number of cases, an epidermal subclone (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB4-2.html). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001389 Neuroblast NB4-2 delaminates at S2 in the intermediate column and produces the well characterized RP2 motorneuron (FBbt:00001453), which innervates muscles 2, 9 and 11. It also produces the Cousins if RP2 motorneurons (CoR), which generate the entirety of the SNc, innervating muscles 26, 27 and 29. It also generates local interneurons and, in a small number of cases, an epidermal subclone (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB4-2.html). FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB4-2.html http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/42 description.html Neuroblast NB5-3 delaminates at S1. It generates an SNa motorneuron anteriorly and intersegmental interneurons in every segment (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB5-3.html). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001390 Neuroblast NB5-3 delaminates at S1. It generates an SNa motorneuron anteriorly and intersegmental interneurons in every segment (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB5-3.html). FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB5-3.html http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/53 description.html Neuroblast NB6-2 delaminates in S2 in the intermediate column. Its lineage contains 8-16 interneurons that project in two bundles across the posterior commissure (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB6-2.html). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001391 Neuroblast NB6-2 delaminates in S2 in the intermediate column. Its lineage contains 8-16 interneurons that project in two bundles across the posterior commissure (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB6-2.html). FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB6-2.html http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/62 description.html Neuroblast NB7-2 delaminates at S2 in the intermediate column. Its lineage contains 8-14 interneurons that project either contralaterally in the posterior commissure or ipsilaterally. It is the only neuroblast clone that generates ipsilaterally-projecting intersegmental neurons (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB7-2.html). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001392 Neuroblast NB7-2 delaminates at S2 in the intermediate column. Its lineage contains 8-14 interneurons that project either contralaterally in the posterior commissure or ipsilaterally. It is the only neuroblast clone that generates ipsilaterally-projecting intersegmental neurons (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB7-2.html). FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB7-2.html http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/72%20description.html A neuroblast delaminating in the third wave of neuroblast delamination from the ventral neurectoderm. This wave begins during embryonic stage 10 and end during stage 11, and the neuroblasts generally delaminate into the medial and lateral edge of the neuroblast array (Doe, 1992). fly_anatomy.ontology S3 neuroblast SIII neuroblast FBbt:00001393 A neuroblast delaminating in the third wave of neuroblast delamination from the ventral neurectoderm. This wave begins during embryonic stage 10 and end during stage 11, and the neuroblasts generally delaminate into the medial and lateral edge of the neuroblast array (Doe, 1992). FlyBase:FBrf0055900 FlyBase:FBrf0076117 Neuroblast NB3-1 delaminates at S3 in the medial column of neuroblasts. It generates the well characterized RP1 (FBbt:00001452), RP3 (FBbt:00001455), RP4 (FBbt:00001456) and RP5 (FBbt:00001457) motorneurons and a cluster of intersegmental interneurons. It also generates a variable number of local of local interneurons (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB3-1.html). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001394 Neuroblast NB3-1 delaminates at S3 in the medial column of neuroblasts. It generates the well characterized RP1 (FBbt:00001452), RP3 (FBbt:00001455), RP4 (FBbt:00001456) and RP5 (FBbt:00001457) motorneurons and a cluster of intersegmental interneurons. It also generates a variable number of local of local interneurons (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB3-1.html). FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB3-1.html http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/31 description.html fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001395 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001396 Neuroblast NB4-1 delaminates at S3 in the medial column. It produces the putative motorneuron of the transverse nerve (FBbt:00001996) and a variety of intersegmental and local interneurons. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001397 Neuroblast NB4-1 delaminates at S3 in the medial column. It produces the putative motorneuron of the transverse nerve (FBbt:00001996) and a variety of intersegmental and local interneurons. FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB4-1.html http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/41 description.html Neuroblast NB6-1 generates intersegmental and ~10-16 interneurons in every segment, but only generates a motorneuron in segment T1 (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB6-1.html). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001398 Neuroblast NB6-1 generates intersegmental and ~10-16 interneurons in every segment, but only generates a motorneuron in segment T1 (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB6-1.html). FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB6-1.html http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/61 description.html Neuroblast NB6-4 generates glia in abdominal segments as well as interneurons in thoracic segments. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001399 Neuroblast NB6-4 generates glia in abdominal segments as well as interneurons in thoracic segments. FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB6-4.html http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/64 description.html fly_anatomy.ontology NB6-4T FBbt:00001400 fly_anatomy.ontology NB6-4A FBbt:00001401 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001402 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001403 Neuroblast located at the embryonic segment border close to the tracheal pit and produces both neurons and glial cells (Schmidt et al., 1997). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001404 Neuroblast located at the embryonic segment border close to the tracheal pit and produces both neurons and glial cells (Schmidt et al., 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0098344 Unlike the other neuroblasts, the glial precursor (GP) does not divide to make GMCs or neurons. Dividing roughly symmetrically during embryonic stage 11, it produces two cells that eventually divide to generate six longitudinal glia. GP Glioblast glial precursor fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001405 Unlike the other neuroblasts, the glial precursor (GP) does not divide to make GMCs or neurons. Dividing roughly symmetrically during embryonic stage 11, it produces two cells that eventually divide to generate six longitudinal glia. http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/neuro/gp.html GP http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/neuro/gp.html Glioblast http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/neuro/gp.html glial precursor http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/neuro/gp.html fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001406 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001407 Stage 3 neuroblast that expresses achaete (FBgn0000022). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001408 Stage 3 neuroblast that expresses achaete (FBgn0000022). http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/neuro/x.html A neuroblast delaminating in the fourth wave of neuroblast delamination from the ventral neurectoderm. This wave begins during embryonic stage 11, ending in late stage 11. The S4 neuroblasts delaminate into columns in between the existing intermediate and lateral columns of neuroblasts (Doe, 1992). fly_anatomy.ontology S4 neuroblast FBbt:00001409 A neuroblast delaminating in the fourth wave of neuroblast delamination from the ventral neurectoderm. This wave begins during embryonic stage 11, ending in late stage 11. The S4 neuroblasts delaminate into columns in between the existing intermediate and lateral columns of neuroblasts (Doe, 1992). FlyBase:FBrf0055900 FlyBase:FBrf0076117 Neuroblast NB2-1 delaminates at S4 and generates approximately 9-15 local interneurons by embryonic stage 17. The fibers from these cells cross the midline via a single projection in a posterior fascicle of the anterior commissure (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/21%20description.html). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001410 Neuroblast NB2-1 delaminates at S4 and generates approximately 9-15 local interneurons by embryonic stage 17. The fibers from these cells cross the midline via a single projection in a posterior fascicle of the anterior commissure (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/21%20description.html). FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB2-1.html http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/21 description.html Neuroblast NB2-4 delaminates at S4 and generates a contralaterally projecting motorneuron and approximately 8 local interneurons. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001411 Neuroblast NB2-4 delaminates at S4 and generates a contralaterally projecting motorneuron and approximately 8 local interneurons. FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB2-4.html http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/24%20description.html fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001412 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001413 Neuroblast NB3-4 delaminates at S5. It produces a single motorneuron located on the posterior boundary of the clone and projects into the anterior root of the ISN by embryonic stage 15. Along with several local interneurons, it also produces at least 2 intersegmental interneurons by embryonic stage 17, one extending ipsilaterally, the other crossing the anterior commissure before extending anteriorly (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/34description.html). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001414 Schmid et al., (1999), and the associated web page (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB3-4and4-4.html), state that because neuroblasts NB3-4 and NB4-4 express a similar array of molecular markers, delaminate at similar times, and generate similar clones, these neuroblasts are indistinguishable using current visualization techniques. They further comment that they are unable to rule out the possibility that only one neuroblast generates this clone (Schmid et al., 1999). Neuroblast NB3-4 delaminates at S5. It produces a single motorneuron located on the posterior boundary of the clone and projects into the anterior root of the ISN by embryonic stage 15. Along with several local interneurons, it also produces at least 2 intersegmental interneurons by embryonic stage 17, one extending ipsilaterally, the other crossing the anterior commissure before extending anteriorly (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/34description.html). FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB3-4and4-4.html http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/34description.html Neuroblast NB4-4 delaminates at S4. It generates a single motorneuron located at the posterior ventral boundary of the clone and projects into the anterior root of the ISN by stage 5. Amongst several local interneurons, it generates at least two intersegmental interneurons, one extending anterior ipsilaterally and the other crossing the anterior commissure (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/44%20description.html). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001415 Schmid et al., (1999), and the associated web page (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB3-4and4-4.html), state that because neuroblasts NB3-4 and NB4-4 express a similar array of molecular markers, delaminate at similar times, and generate similar clones, these neuroblasts are indistinguishable using current visualization techniques. They further comment that they are unable to rule out the possibility that only one neuroblast generates this clone (Schmid et al., 1999). Neuroblast NB4-4 delaminates at S4. It generates a single motorneuron located at the posterior ventral boundary of the clone and projects into the anterior root of the ISN by stage 5. Amongst several local interneurons, it generates at least two intersegmental interneurons, one extending anterior ipsilaterally and the other crossing the anterior commissure (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/44%20description.html). FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB3-4and4-4.html http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/44 description.html Neuroblast NB5-4 most frequently delaminates at S4 in an intermediate column (FBrf0098344). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001416 Using DiI with antibody labelling, Schmidt et al., (1997) propose NB5-4 produces 5-9 thoracic neurons or 3-4 abdominal motorneurons with ipsilateral targets. Schmid et al., (1999), also use DiI with en-GFP, but find 2-3 large cells that match descriptions of CCAP/CAP+ neurosecretory cells, along with abdomen-specific interneurons. Also, Schmid et al., (1999) state that NB5-4 delaminates during S5, whilst Schmidt et al., (1997) find that delamination occurs over the period of S3/4 to S5, most frequently at S4, and as such we have chosen to define NB5-4 as a stage 4 neuroblast. Neuroblast NB5-4 most frequently delaminates at S4 in an intermediate column (FBrf0098344). FlyBase:FBrf0098344 FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB5-4.html http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/54 description.html fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001417 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001418 An unpaired neuroblast delaminating in stage 4 along the ventral midline of the CNS. It gives rise to a cluster of 5-8 cells with short bilateral projections in the anterior and posterior commissures and long fibers that enters the intersegmental nerve. median neuroblast fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001419 An unpaired neuroblast delaminating in stage 4 along the ventral midline of the CNS. It gives rise to a cluster of 5-8 cells with short bilateral projections in the anterior and posterior commissures and long fibers that enters the intersegmental nerve. FlyBase:FBrf0072659 FlyBase:FBrf0112030 median neuroblast FlyBase:FBrf0072659 A neuroblast delaminating in the fifth and final wave of neuroblast delamination from the ventral neurectoderm. This wave begins during embryonic in late stage 11. The S5 neuroblasts delaminate into columns in between the existing intermediate and lateral columns of neuroblasts (Doe, 1992). fly_anatomy.ontology S5 neuroblast FBbt:00001420 A neuroblast delaminating in the fifth and final wave of neuroblast delamination from the ventral neurectoderm. This wave begins during embryonic in late stage 11. The S5 neuroblasts delaminate into columns in between the existing intermediate and lateral columns of neuroblasts (Doe, 1992). FlyBase:FBrf0055900 FlyBase:FBrf0076117 Neuroblast NB2-3 delaminates at S5. It generates three large, round axonless cells at the dorsal side of the thoracic clones which are proposed by Schmid et al., (1999) to be latent leg motorneurons that will extend axons during leg disk eversion. It also generates 2-4 small interneurons at the ventral side of the clone. In the abdominal segments only a single large neuroblast is observed at embryonic stage 17, which either does not divide or all progeny die. fly_anatomy.ontology NB1-2 FBbt:00001421 Neuroblast NB2-3 delaminates at S5. It generates three large, round axonless cells at the dorsal side of the thoracic clones which are proposed by Schmid et al., (1999) to be latent leg motorneurons that will extend axons during leg disk eversion. It also generates 2-4 small interneurons at the ventral side of the clone. In the abdominal segments only a single large neuroblast is observed at embryonic stage 17, which either does not divide or all progeny die. FlyBase:FBrf0084809 FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB2-3.html http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/23 description.html NB1-2 FlyBase:FBrf0055900 Neuroblast NB3-3 delaminates predominantly at S4 (Schmidt et al., 1997). It generates a single motorneuron positioned midway along the dorsoventral axis, though slightly lateral and posterior. It also generates 10-18 interneurons that project across the anterior commissure (Schmid et al., 1999). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001422 Neuroblast NB3-3 delaminates predominantly at S4 (Schmidt et al., 1997). It generates a single motorneuron positioned midway along the dorsoventral axis, though slightly lateral and posterior. It also generates 10-18 interneurons that project across the anterior commissure (Schmid et al., 1999). FlyBase:FBrf0098344 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB3-3.html http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/33description.html Neuroblast NB4-3 delaminates at S5. It generates 8-13 neurons, 10-12 of which are small, axonless interneurons. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001423 Schmidt et al., (1997) describe this lineage as producing motorneurons that project into the SN. Contrarily, Schmid et al., (1999) suggest that the cells identified as motorneurons by Schmidt are actually neurosecretory cells of the TN. Neuroblast NB4-3 delaminates at S5. It generates 8-13 neurons, 10-12 of which are small, axonless interneurons. FlyBase:FBrf0098344 FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB4-3.html http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/43 description.html Neuroblast NB5-1 delaminates at S5 in the medial column. It generates approximately 6-9 local interneurons that predominantly project across the posterior commissure (Schmid et al., 1999). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001424 Schmid et al., (1999) comment that NB5-2 may give rise to a larger number of clones, including at least one motorneuron, but were not observed due to observational restrictions. Neuroblast NB5-1 delaminates at S5 in the medial column. It generates approximately 6-9 local interneurons that predominantly project across the posterior commissure (Schmid et al., 1999). FlyBase:FBrf0098344 FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB5-1.html http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/51 description.html Neuroblast NB5-5 delaminates at S5. Thoracic and abdominal clones contain 8-11 large neurons including interneurons and neurosecretory cells. fly_anatomy.ontology clone Y FBbt:00001425 Schmid et al., (1999) suggest that NB5-5 may be equivalent to clone Y described by Schmidt et al., (1997). Neuroblast NB5-5 delaminates at S5. Thoracic and abdominal clones contain 8-11 large neurons including interneurons and neurosecretory cells. FlyBase:FBrf0098344 FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB5-5.html http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/55 description.html clone Y FlyBase:FBrf0098344 Neuroblast NB7-3 delaminates at S5. It generates the relatively small GW motorneuron, positioned on the lateral side of the clone and projects out the posterior root of the ISN. It also generates three slightly larger interneurons that project across the posterior commissure, and a small axonless cell. It may also generate a glial cell (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/73%20description.html). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001426 Neuroblast NB7-3 delaminates at S5. It generates the relatively small GW motorneuron, positioned on the lateral side of the clone and projects out the posterior root of the ISN. It also generates three slightly larger interneurons that project across the posterior commissure, and a small axonless cell. It may also generate a glial cell (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/73%20description.html). FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/NB7-3.html http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/73 description.html Unpaired precursor cell that divides to produce two MP1 interneurons. midline precursor 1 neuron fly_anatomy.ontology MP1 neurons FBbt:00001427 Unpaired precursor cell that divides to produce two MP1 interneurons. FlyBase:FBrf0041721 FlyBase:FBrf0049007 FlyBase:FBrf0072659 FlyBase:FBrf0190277 midline precursor 1 neuron FlyBase:FBrf0041721 FlyBase:FBrf0072659 Neuroblast precursor to the VUM lineage. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001428 Neuroblast precursor to the VUM lineage. FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0072659 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001429 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001430 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001431 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001432 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001433 First born ganglion mother cell of neuroblast NB1-1. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001434 First born ganglion mother cell of neuroblast NB1-1. FlyBase:FBrf0138252 First born ganglion mother cell of neuroblast NB2-5. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001435 First born ganglion mother cell of neuroblast NB2-5. FlyBase:FBrf0055900 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 First born ganglion mother cell of neuroblast NB3-2. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001436 First born ganglion mother cell of neuroblast NB3-2. FlyBase:FBrf0055900 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 First born ganglion mother cell of neuroblast NB3-5. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001437 First born ganglion mother cell of neuroblast NB3-5. FlyBase:FBrf0055900 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 First born ganglion mother cell of neuroblast NB4-2. GMC-1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001438 First born ganglion mother cell of neuroblast NB4-2. FlyBase:FBrf0055900 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 GMC-1 FlyBase:FBrf0206577 Second born ganglion mother cell of neuroblast NB4-2. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001439 Second born ganglion mother cell of neuroblast NB4-2. FlyBase:FBrf0055900 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/42 description.html First born ganglion mother cell of neuroblast NB5-2. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001440 First born ganglion mother cell of neuroblast NB5-2. FlyBase:FBrf0055900 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/52 description.html Second born ganglion mother cell of neuroblast NB5-2. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001441 Second born ganglion mother cell of neuroblast NB5-2. FlyBase:FBrf0055900 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/52 description.html First born ganglion mother cell of neuroblast NB5-6. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001442 First born ganglion mother cell of neuroblast NB5-6. FlyBase:FBrf0055900 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0098344 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/56 description.html First born ganglion mother cell of neuroblast NB6-2. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001443 First born ganglion mother cell of neuroblast NB6-2. FlyBase:FBrf0055900 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0090460 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/62 description.html First born ganglion mother cell of neuroblast NB7-4. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001444 First born ganglion mother cell of neuroblast NB7-4. FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0090460 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/74 description.html Second born ganglion mother cell of neuroblast NB7-4. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001445 Second born ganglion mother cell of neuroblast NB7-4. FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0090460 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/74 description.html A neuron that is part of the embryonic/larval nervous system. embryonic neuron larval neuron fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001446 A neuron that is part of the embryonic/larval nervous system. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 FlyBase:FBrf0098344 Motor neuron whose large round cell body sits at the dorsal surface of the CNS, just posterior to the posterior commissure and longitudinal connective. By embryonic stage 17, the aCC neuron has extended an axon to the dorsal midline of the embryo and synapses on muscle 1. Also, by embryonic stage 16, the aCC has a short contralaterally projecting neurite extending into the posterior commissure. fly_anatomy.ontology 1-1a1 anterior corner cell FBbt:00001447 Motor neuron whose large round cell body sits at the dorsal surface of the CNS, just posterior to the posterior commissure and longitudinal connective. By embryonic stage 17, the aCC neuron has extended an axon to the dorsal midline of the embryo and synapses on muscle 1. Also, by embryonic stage 16, the aCC has a short contralaterally projecting neurite extending into the posterior commissure. FlyBase:FBrf0064795 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/11 description.html The pCC is an interneuron whose large, round cell body is located just posterior, medial and ventral to the aCC motor neuron (FBbt:00001447). It extends a neurite anteriorly along one of the longitudinal fascicles (Doe et al., 1988). sibling of aCC fly_anatomy.ontology 1-1a2 posterior corner cell FBbt:00001448 The pCC is an interneuron whose large, round cell body is located just posterior, medial and ventral to the aCC motor neuron (FBbt:00001447). It extends a neurite anteriorly along one of the longitudinal fascicles (Doe et al., 1988). FlyBase:FBrf0048756 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/11 description.html sibling of aCC FlyBase:FBrf0086924 Motor neuron developing in thoracic segments from neuroblast NB1-1, and extending a neurite along the SNb to muscles 12 and 13. Its cell body is located adjacent to the neuroblast MNB in the posterior part of the neuromere. FBbt:00100289 CoA cousin of aCC fly_anatomy.ontology FP cell friend of pCC cell FBbt:00001449 Motor neuron developing in thoracic segments from neuroblast NB1-1, and extending a neurite along the SNb to muscles 12 and 13. Its cell body is located adjacent to the neuroblast MNB in the posterior part of the neuromere. FlyBase:FBrf0105282 CoA http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/11 description.html cousin of aCC http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/11 description.html Neuron that, along with one or two other neurons, pioneers the segmental nerve. The cell bodies of this cluster of 2-3 neurons are located posterior and slightly more lateral than the aCC and pCC neurons. SN-pioneer fly_anatomy.ontology SNp FBbt:00001450 Neuron that, along with one or two other neurons, pioneers the segmental nerve. The cell bodies of this cluster of 2-3 neurons are located posterior and slightly more lateral than the aCC and pCC neurons. FlyBase:FBrf0105282 SN-pioneer FlyBase:FBrf0105282 Neuron of the embryonic/larval CNS. The RP neurons are mainly motor neurons. An RP motor neuron innervates each of muscles 2, 3, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 19, 20, 28 and 30. RP2sib is the only RP neuron not to be a motor neuron. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001451 The "RP" name derives from the observation by Michael Bate and Corey Goodman that the large dorsal RP motoneurons are easily poked, and in that way reminded the two of "raw prawns", an Australian term of endearment (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/31%20description.html). Neuron of the embryonic/larval CNS. The RP neurons are mainly motor neurons. An RP motor neuron innervates each of muscles 2, 3, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 19, 20, 28 and 30. RP2sib is the only RP neuron not to be a motor neuron. FlyBase:FBrf0047653 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0112030 Motor neuron developing from neuroblast NB3-1. Its cell body is located dorsally within the neuromere and projects its axon to arborize along the medial face of muscle 13 (Sink and Whitington, 1991). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001452 Motor neuron developing from neuroblast NB3-1. Its cell body is located dorsally within the neuromere and projects its axon to arborize along the medial face of muscle 13 (Sink and Whitington, 1991). FlyBase:FBrf0047653 FlyBase:FBrf0053781 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/31 description.html Motor neuron developing from neuroblast NB4-2. The large cell body is located at the extreme dorsal surface of the CNS above the junction of the anterior commissure and the longitudinal connective. Its axon projects ipsilaterally via the posterior root of the ISN and synapses with muscle 2, 3, 11, 19 and 20 (Schmid et al., 1999). fly_anatomy.ontology 4-2a1 FBbt:00001453 Motor neuron developing from neuroblast NB4-2. The large cell body is located at the extreme dorsal surface of the CNS above the junction of the anterior commissure and the longitudinal connective. Its axon projects ipsilaterally via the posterior root of the ISN and synapses with muscle 2, 3, 11, 19 and 20 (Schmid et al., 1999). FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/42 description.html Neuron developing from GMC4-2a, the first born ganglion mother cell differentiating from neuroblast NB4-2 (Bhat et al., 1995). Its ultimate fate is unknown, but can be distinguished from its sibling motor neuron, RP2 (FBbt:00001453), by lower expression of markers such as the membrane protein recognized by monoclonal antibody 22C10, eve (FBgn0000606), or ftz (FBgn0001077). 4-2a2 RP2/sib fly_anatomy.ontology sib FBbt:00001454 Neuron developing from GMC4-2a, the first born ganglion mother cell differentiating from neuroblast NB4-2 (Bhat et al., 1995). Its ultimate fate is unknown, but can be distinguished from its sibling motor neuron, RP2 (FBbt:00001453), by lower expression of markers such as the membrane protein recognized by monoclonal antibody 22C10, eve (FBgn0000606), or ftz (FBgn0001077). FlyBase:FBrf0055900 FlyBase:FBrf0081448 4-2a2 FlyBase:FBrf0055900 RP2/sib FlyBase:FBrf0081448 sib FlyBase:FBrf0081448 Motor neuron developing from neuroblast NB3-1. Its cell body is located ventral and lateral to RP1 and RP4, and it projects an axon contralaterally from SNb to innervate muscles 6 and 7 (Schmid et al., 1999; Sink and Whitington, 1991). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001455 Motor neuron developing from neuroblast NB3-1. Its cell body is located ventral and lateral to RP1 and RP4, and it projects an axon contralaterally from SNb to innervate muscles 6 and 7 (Schmid et al., 1999; Sink and Whitington, 1991). FlyBase:FBrf0053781 FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/31 description.html Motor neuron developing from neuroblast NB3-1. Its cell body is located dorsally in the neuromere, and projects its axon to arborize on the medial face of muscle 13 (Sink and Whitington, 1991). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001456 Motor neuron developing from neuroblast NB3-1. Its cell body is located dorsally in the neuromere, and projects its axon to arborize on the medial face of muscle 13 (Sink and Whitington, 1991). FlyBase:FBrf0053781 FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/31 description.html Motor neuron developing from neuroblast NB3-1. It is the most anteriorly located or the RP neurons, and its axon arborizes on muscles 13, 14, 15 and 16 (Schmid et al., 1999; Sink and Whitington, 1991). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001457 Motor neuron developing from neuroblast NB3-1. It is the most anteriorly located or the RP neurons, and its axon arborizes on muscles 13, 14, 15 and 16 (Schmid et al., 1999; Sink and Whitington, 1991). FlyBase:FBrf0053781 FlyBase:FBrf0112030 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/31 description.html Ipsilaterally projecting interneuron developing from neuroblast NB1-1 segment specific lineages. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001458 Ipsilaterally projecting interneuron developing from neuroblast NB1-1 segment specific lineages. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Ipsilaterally projecting interneuron developing from neuroblast NB1-1 of the thorax. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001459 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Ipsilaterally projecting interneuron developing from neuroblast NB1-1 of the thorax. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Ipsilaterally projecting interneuron developing from neuroblast NB1-1 of the abdomen. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001460 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Ipsilaterally projecting interneuron developing from neuroblast NB1-1 of the abdomen. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron that develops from neuroblast NB1-2. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001461 Interneuron that develops from neuroblast NB1-2. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron originating from neuroblast NB1-2 whose axon fasciculates with an ipsilaterally directed fascicle formed at the end of embryonic stage 16. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001462 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron originating from neuroblast NB1-2 whose axon fasciculates with an ipsilaterally directed fascicle formed at the end of embryonic stage 16. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron that develops from the neuroblast NB2-1 lineage and that fasciculates with a contralaterally projecting bundle that projects through the posterior commissure of the neuromere. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001463 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron that develops from the neuroblast NB2-1 lineage and that fasciculates with a contralaterally projecting bundle that projects through the posterior commissure of the neuromere. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron that develops from the neuroblast NB2-1 lineage and that fasciculates with a contralaterally projecting bundle that projects through the anterior commissure of the adjacent neuromere before turning anteriorly. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001464 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron that develops from the neuroblast NB2-1 lineage and that fasciculates with a contralaterally projecting bundle that projects through the anterior commissure of the adjacent neuromere before turning anteriorly. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001465 Interneuron that develops from the neuroblast NB2-1 lineage. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001466 Interneuron that develops from the neuroblast NB2-1 lineage. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron that develops from the neuroblast NB2-1 lineage and that fasciculates with an ipsilaterally projecting bundle. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001467 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron that develops from the neuroblast NB2-1 lineage and that fasciculates with an ipsilaterally projecting bundle. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron that develops from the neuroblast NB2-1 lineage and that projects through the anterior commissure. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001468 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron that develops from the neuroblast NB2-1 lineage and that projects through the anterior commissure. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron deriving from the neuroblast NB2-2 lineage. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001469 Interneuron deriving from the neuroblast NB2-2 lineage. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron that develops from NB2-1 of the thorax. These neurons form a fascicle of about 10 axons that projects contralaterally through the anterior commissure. Unlike the 2-2I of abdomen, the 2-2I fascicle of thorax does not turn anteriorly after reaching the contralateral connective. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001470 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron that develops from NB2-1 of the thorax. These neurons form a fascicle of about 10 axons that projects contralaterally through the anterior commissure. Unlike the 2-2I of abdomen, the 2-2I fascicle of thorax does not turn anteriorly after reaching the contralateral connective. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron that develops from the NB2-1 of the neuroblast of the abdomen. Projections from these neurons form a fascicle that projects through the anterior commissure and then turns anteriorly after reaching the contralateral connective. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001471 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron that develops from the NB2-1 of the neuroblast of the abdomen. Projections from these neurons form a fascicle that projects through the anterior commissure and then turns anteriorly after reaching the contralateral connective. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001472 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001473 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001474 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001475 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001476 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001477 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001478 Interneuron deriving from the neuroblast NB3-1 lineage. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001479 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron deriving from the neuroblast NB3-1 lineage. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron that develops from neuroblast NB3-1 of the thorax. The projections of these interneurons form a fascicle that projects through the anterior commissure. Unlike the fascicle formed by abdominal 3-1I, it does not show any appreciable bifurcation in the contralateral connective. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001480 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron that develops from neuroblast NB3-1 of the thorax. The projections of these interneurons form a fascicle that projects through the anterior commissure. Unlike the fascicle formed by abdominal 3-1I, it does not show any appreciable bifurcation in the contralateral connective. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron that develops from neuroblast NB3-1 of the abdomen 3-1I. The projections of these interneurons form a fascicle that projects through the anterior commissure and bifurcates in an anterior-posterior direction along the contralateral connective. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001481 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron that develops from neuroblast NB3-1 of the abdomen 3-1I. The projections of these interneurons form a fascicle that projects through the anterior commissure and bifurcates in an anterior-posterior direction along the contralateral connective. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron derived from the neuroblast NB3-2 lineage. There are only one or two of these per lineage. Their fibers project contralaterally. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001482 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron derived from the neuroblast NB3-2 lineage. There are only one or two of these per lineage. Their fibers project contralaterally. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001483 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001484 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001485 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001486 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001487 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001488 Interneuron that develops from the neuroblast NB4-1 lineage. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001489 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron that develops from the neuroblast NB4-1 lineage. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron that develops from the neuroblast NB4-1 lineage whose projections form a bundle that projects ipsilaterally and anteriorly. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001490 Interneuron that develops from the neuroblast NB4-1 lineage whose projections form a bundle that projects ipsilaterally and anteriorly. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron that develops from the neuroblast NB4-1 lineage whose projections form a bundle that projects contralaterally projecting via the anterior commissure. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001491 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron that develops from the neuroblast NB4-1 lineage whose projections form a bundle that projects contralaterally projecting via the anterior commissure. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron that develops from the neuroblast NB4-1 lineage whose projections form a bundle that projects contralaterally projecting via the posterior commissure. This fascicle develops during mid to late embryonic stage 16. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001492 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron that develops from the neuroblast NB4-1 lineage whose projections form a bundle that projects contralaterally projecting via the posterior commissure. This fascicle develops during mid to late embryonic stage 16. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron originating from the neuroblast NB4-2 lineage. These project contralaterally via the anterior commissure. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001493 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron originating from the neuroblast NB4-2 lineage. These project contralaterally via the anterior commissure. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001494 Interneuron originating from the neuroblast NB5-1 lineage. These neurons form a bundle that projects contralaterally through the posterior commissure. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001495 Interneuron originating from the neuroblast NB5-1 lineage. These neurons form a bundle that projects contralaterally through the posterior commissure. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron originating from the neuroblast NB5-2 lineage. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001496 Interneuron originating from the neuroblast NB5-2 lineage. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron originating from the neuroblast NB5-2 lineage whose projections form a bundle that projects through the anterior commissure, along its anterior border and immediately turns anteriorly upon reaching the contralateral connective. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001497 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron originating from the neuroblast NB5-2 lineage whose projections form a bundle that projects through the anterior commissure, along its anterior border and immediately turns anteriorly upon reaching the contralateral connective. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron originating from the neuroblast NB5-2 that projects along the posterior of the border of the anterior commissure. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001498 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron originating from the neuroblast NB5-2 that projects along the posterior of the border of the anterior commissure. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron derived from the NB5-2 lineage and whose projections form a prominent bundle that runs through the posterior commissure. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001499 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron derived from the NB5-2 lineage and whose projections form a prominent bundle that runs through the posterior commissure. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron originating from the neuroblast NB5-3 lineage. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001500 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron originating from the neuroblast NB5-3 lineage. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron of the NB5-3 lineage that projects through the anterior commissure. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001501 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron of the NB5-3 lineage that projects through the anterior commissure. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron of the NB5-3 lineage that whose projections form a bundle that projects through the posterior commissure. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001502 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron of the NB5-3 lineage that whose projections form a bundle that projects through the posterior commissure. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001503 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001504 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001505 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001506 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001507 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001508 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001509 Interneuron originating from neuroblast the NB6-1 lineage. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001510 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron originating from neuroblast the NB6-1 lineage. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Ipsilateral posterior projecting interneuron originating from 6-1I. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001511 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Ipsilateral posterior projecting interneuron originating from 6-1I. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron originating from 6-1I that projects through the posterior commissure. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001512 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron originating from 6-1I that projects through the posterior commissure. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron originating from the neuroblast NB6-2 lineage. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001513 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron originating from the neuroblast NB6-2 lineage. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron originating from the neuroblast NB6-2 lineage whose projections form a small, ipsilaterally projecting bundle that projects anteriorly along the lateral border of the ipsilateral connective. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001514 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron originating from the neuroblast NB6-2 lineage whose projections form a small, ipsilaterally projecting bundle that projects anteriorly along the lateral border of the ipsilateral connective. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Contralaterally projecting interneuron originating from 6-2I. It is distinguished from 6-2cp2 by crossing the posterior commissure along the anterior margin. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001515 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Contralaterally projecting interneuron originating from 6-2I. It is distinguished from 6-2cp2 by crossing the posterior commissure along the anterior margin. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Contralaterally projecting interneuron originating from 6-2I. It is distinguished from 6-2cp1 by crossing the posterior commissure along the posterior margin then bending posteriorly in the contralateral connective. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001516 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Contralaterally projecting interneuron originating from 6-2I. It is distinguished from 6-2cp1 by crossing the posterior commissure along the posterior margin then bending posteriorly in the contralateral connective. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001517 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001518 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001519 Interneuron originating from the neuroblast NB7-1 lineage. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001520 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron originating from the neuroblast NB7-1 lineage. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Contralaterally projecting interneuron originating from 7-1I. It projects through the middle of the anterior commissure. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001521 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Contralaterally projecting interneuron originating from 7-1I. It projects through the middle of the anterior commissure. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Contralaterally projecting interneuron originating from 7-1I. It projects through the posterior border of the posterior commissure. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001522 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Contralaterally projecting interneuron originating from 7-1I. It projects through the posterior border of the posterior commissure. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron originating from neuroblast the NB7-2 lineage. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001523 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron originating from neuroblast the NB7-2 lineage. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Ipsilateral posterior projecting interneuron originating from 7-2I. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001524 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Ipsilateral posterior projecting interneuron originating from 7-2I. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Contralaterally projecting interneuron that projects through the posterior commissure. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001525 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Contralaterally projecting interneuron that projects through the posterior commissure. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Interneuron of the NB7-3 lineage. The projections of these interneurons form a bundle that projects across the anterior border of the posterior commissure. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001526 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Interneuron of the NB7-3 lineage. The projections of these interneurons form a bundle that projects across the anterior border of the posterior commissure. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001527 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001528 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001529 Developing from neuroblast NB1-2, the TB neuron is located apart from the other cells of this lineage. Axogenesis begins early, at embryonic stage 13, and has a distinctive 'bent' morphology. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001530 See Bossing et al., (1996) for a diagram. Developing from neuroblast NB1-2, the TB neuron is located apart from the other cells of this lineage. Axogenesis begins early, at embryonic stage 13, and has a distinctive 'bent' morphology. FlyBase:FBrf0090460 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001531 . FlyBase:FBrf0098344 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001532 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001533 Motor neuron developing from the thoracic neuroblast NB1-1. The axon terminates amongst ventrolateral muscles without a detectable end-plate (Bossing et al., 1996). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001534 Motor neuron developing from the thoracic neuroblast NB1-1. The axon terminates amongst ventrolateral muscles without a detectable end-plate (Bossing et al., 1996). FlyBase:FBrf0090460 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001535 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001536 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001537 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001538 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001539 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001540 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001541 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001542 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001543 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001544 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001545 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001546 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001547 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001548 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001549 Motor neuron of the NB4-2 lineage that projects ipsilaterally and posteriorly through the anterior root of the intersegmental nerve and innervates muscles of the ventral external oblique group. CoR fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001550 Motor neuron of the NB4-2 lineage that projects ipsilaterally and posteriorly through the anterior root of the intersegmental nerve and innervates muscles of the ventral external oblique group. FlyBase:FBrf0083837 FlyBase:FBrf0090460 CoR FlyBase:FBrf0083837 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001551 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001552 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001553 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001554 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001555 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001556 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001557 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001558 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001559 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001560 . FlyBase:FBrf0098344 FBbt:00005106 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001561 made obsolete because never used in curation and manual assertion of this as a general class (for neurons that don't cross the midline) is impractical. true . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001562 . FlyBase:FBrf0054608 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001563 . FlyBase:FBrf0054608 Motor neuron developing from the neuroblast NB7-1 lineage. The U neurons collectively innervate the following muscles: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, and 20. U/CQ neuron fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001564 Motor neuron developing from the neuroblast NB7-1 lineage. The U neurons collectively innervate the following muscles: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, and 20. FlyBase:FBrf0064795 FlyBase:FBrf0112030 FlyBase:FBrf0138252 FlyBase:FBrf0190540 http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/texts/71%20description.html U/CQ neuron FlyBase:FBrf0167497 Motor neuron developing from the first ganglion mother cell that differentiates from neuroblast NB7-1. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001565 Motor neuron developing from the first ganglion mother cell that differentiates from neuroblast NB7-1. FlyBase:FBrf0190540 Motor neuron developing from the second ganglion mother cell that differentiates from neuroblast NB7-1. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001566 Motor neuron developing from the second ganglion mother cell that differentiates from neuroblast NB7-1. FlyBase:FBrf0190540 Motor neuron developing from the third ganglion mother cell that differentiates from neuroblast NB7-1. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001567 Motor neuron developing from the third ganglion mother cell that differentiates from neuroblast NB7-1. FlyBase:FBrf0190540 Sibling neuron to the U neuron deriving from a ganglion mother cell. Differentiation from the ganglion mother cell initially produces eve (FBgn0000606) positive cells. Whereas the Usib neuron remains eve positive, the Usib cell rapidly downregulates eve. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001568 Sibling neuron to the U neuron deriving from a ganglion mother cell. Differentiation from the ganglion mother cell initially produces eve (FBgn0000606) positive cells. Whereas the Usib neuron remains eve positive, the Usib cell rapidly downregulates eve. FlyBase:FBrf0102831 FlyBase:FBrf0162056 Sibling neuron to the U1 neuron developing from the first ganglion mother cell that differentiates from neuroblast NB7-1. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001569 Sibling neuron to the U1 neuron developing from the first ganglion mother cell that differentiates from neuroblast NB7-1. FlyBase:FBrf0102831 FlyBase:FBrf0162056 Sibling neuron to the U2 neuron developing from the second ganglion mother cell that differentiates from neuroblast NB7-1. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001570 Sibling neuron to the U2 neuron developing from the second ganglion mother cell that differentiates from neuroblast NB7-1. FlyBase:FBrf0102831 FlyBase:FBrf0162056 Sibling neuron to the U3 neuron developing from the third ganglion mother cell that differentiates from neuroblast NB7-1. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001571 Sibling neuron to the U3 neuron developing from the third ganglion mother cell that differentiates from neuroblast NB7-1. FlyBase:FBrf0102831 FlyBase:FBrf0162056 Neuron developing from the neuroblast lineage NB3-3 (Schmidt et al., 1997). ELC Eve+ lateral neuron eve-lateral neuron eve-positive lateral interneuron fly_anatomy.ontology eve-expressing neuron FBbt:00001572 EL neurons are characterized by expression of eve (FBgn0000606). Higashijima et al., (1996) also point out that some, if not all, of the EL neurons belong to the EG neurons. Neuron developing from the neuroblast lineage NB3-3 (Schmidt et al., 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0086454 FlyBase:FBrf0098344 ELC FlyBase:FBrf0151916 Eve+ lateral neuron FlyBase:FBrf0102831 eve-lateral neuron FlyBase:FBrf0191262 eve-positive lateral interneuron FlyBase:FBrf0206246 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001573 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001574 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001575 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001576 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001577 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001578 Interneuron that is part of a cluster of 10-12 eagle (FBgn0000560) expressing neurons deriving from multiple neuroblasts. Axons extend across the midline via the anterior commissure. fly_anatomy.ontology eg-expressing neuron FBbt:00001579 Higashijima et al., (1996) point out that some, if not all, of the EL neurons belong to the EG neurons, as based on enhancer trap and immunolabelling studies. Interneuron that is part of a cluster of 10-12 eagle (FBgn0000560) expressing neurons deriving from multiple neuroblasts. Axons extend across the midline via the anterior commissure. FlyBase:FBrf0086454 FlyBase:FBrf0200520 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001580 . FlyBase:FBrf0086454 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001581 . FlyBase:FBrf0086454 Interneuron of embryonic/larval abdominal segments from the 7-3 lineage. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001582 Interneuron of embryonic/larval abdominal segments from the 7-3 lineage. FlyBase:FBrf0086454 Serotonergic interneuron of embryonic/larval abdominal segment. It is born from the first-born ganglion mother cell of the 7-3 lineage (GMC 7-3a). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001583 Serotonergic interneuron of embryonic/larval abdominal segment. It is born from the first-born ganglion mother cell of the 7-3 lineage (GMC 7-3a). FlyBase:FBrf0094581 FlyBase:FBrf0100717 FlyBase:FBrf0138252 Serotonergic interneuron of embryonic/larval abdominal segment. It is born from the second-born ganglion mother cell of the 7-3 lineage (GMC 7-3b). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001584 Serotonergic interneuron of embryonic/larval abdominal segment. It is born from the second-born ganglion mother cell of the 7-3 lineage (GMC 7-3b). FlyBase:FBrf0094581 FlyBase:FBrf0100717 FlyBase:FBrf0138252 Peptidergic interneuron of embryonic/larval abdominal segment. It differentiates directly from the third GMC in the 7-3 lineage (GMC 7-3c). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001585 Designated as peptidergic on the basis of Corazonin expression (Novotny et al., 2002). Peptidergic interneuron of embryonic/larval abdominal segment. It differentiates directly from the third GMC in the 7-3 lineage (GMC 7-3c). FlyBase:FBrf0100717 FlyBase:FBrf0138252 FlyBase:FBrf0144815 Motor neuron of embryonic and larval abdominal segment. It is born from the first ganglion mother cell in the 7-3 lineage (GMC 7-1a). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001586 Motor neuron of embryonic and larval abdominal segment. It is born from the first ganglion mother cell in the 7-3 lineage (GMC 7-1a). FlyBase:FBrf0086454 FlyBase:FBrf0138252 Serotonergic neuron whose cell body is located in one of 2 (bilateral) clusters in the brain: in the larva these clusters occupy the ventral cortex (rind) adjacent to the esophagus aperture; in the adult they are located in the cortex of the inferior-medial protocerebrum. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001587 Serotonergic neuron whose cell body is located in one of 2 (bilateral) clusters in the brain: in the larva these clusters occupy the ventral cortex (rind) adjacent to the esophagus aperture; in the adult they are located in the cortex of the inferior-medial protocerebrum. FlyBase:FBrf0048551 Serotonergic neuron whose cell body is located in one of 2 (bilateral) clusters: in the larva these clusters occupy a mid-lateral position at the optic lobe margin and have axons that join a midline-crossing tract; in the adult they are located in the cortex of the lateral protocerebrum, anterior to the optic tract and project their axons centrally into the midbrain. fly_anatomy.ontology lamina cluster 1 FBbt:00001588 Serotonergic neuron whose cell body is located in one of 2 (bilateral) clusters: in the larva these clusters occupy a mid-lateral position at the optic lobe margin and have axons that join a midline-crossing tract; in the adult they are located in the cortex of the lateral protocerebrum, anterior to the optic tract and project their axons centrally into the midbrain. FlyBase:FBrf0048551 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001589 . FlyBase:FBrf0054490 A neuron that is one of the two anterior most VUM neurons. V cell fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001590 A neuron that is one of the two anterior most VUM neurons. FlyBase:FBrf0053395 V cell FlyBase:FBrf0053395 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001591 . FlyBase:FBrf0054490 The cell body of the VUM neuron is located medially in the ventral and posterior cortex region of the neuromere. Fibers from VUM neurons run tightly fasciculated dorsally towards the neuropil where they separate to form a motorneuronal projection bifurcating in the dorsal part of the anterior commissure, and an interneuronal projection bifurcating in the ventral part of the posterior commissure (Bossing and Technau, 1994). There are six VUM neurons per neuromere. FlyBrain_NDB:10472 VUM-cluster neurons ventral unpaired median neuron fly_anatomy.ontology ventral unpaired cell FBbt:00001592 The cell body of the VUM neuron is located medially in the ventral and posterior cortex region of the neuromere. Fibers from VUM neurons run tightly fasciculated dorsally towards the neuropil where they separate to form a motorneuronal projection bifurcating in the dorsal part of the anterior commissure, and an interneuronal projection bifurcating in the ventral part of the posterior commissure (Bossing and Technau, 1994). There are six VUM neurons per neuromere. FlyBase:FBrf0041721 FlyBase:FBrf0053395 FlyBase:FBrf0072659 VUM-cluster neurons FlyBrain_NDB:10472 ventral unpaired median neuron FlyBase:FBrf0041721 FlyBase:FBrf0072659 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001593 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001594 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001595 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001596 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001597 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001598 Interneuron residing slightly anterior and ventral to the posterior commissure in the corner formed by the connectives and the posterior commissure (Bossing and Technau, 1994). Its ipsilateral projection bifurcates in an anterior and posterior branch (which spans up to three neuromeres) that run within the medial sector of the connective. Midline precursor 1 cell fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001599 Interneuron residing slightly anterior and ventral to the posterior commissure in the corner formed by the connectives and the posterior commissure (Bossing and Technau, 1994). Its ipsilateral projection bifurcates in an anterior and posterior branch (which spans up to three neuromeres) that run within the medial sector of the connective. FlyBase:FBrf0072659 Lateral-most of the two bilateral MP1 neurons found at the midline, anterior to the posterior commissure (Schmid et al., 1999). fly_anatomy.ontology MP1(l) FBbt:00001600 Doe et al., (1988) distinguish the MP1-progeny by referring to them as left or right. However, as this changes the identity of the cell depending on whether the right or left side of the animal is observed, we have adopted a nomenclature based on reference to the midline. Lateral-most of the two bilateral MP1 neurons found at the midline, anterior to the posterior commissure (Schmid et al., 1999). FlyBase:FBrf0049007 FlyBase:FBrf0074503 FlyBase:FBrf0112030 Medial-most of the two bilateral MP1 neurons found at the midline, anterior to the posterior commissure (Schmid et al., 1999). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001601 Doe et al., (1988) distinguish the MP1-progeny by referring to them as left or right. However, as this changes the identity of the cell depending on whether the right or left side of the animal is observed, we have adopted a nomenclature based on reference to the midline. Medial-most of the two bilateral MP1 neurons found at the midline, anterior to the posterior commissure (Schmid et al., 1999). FlyBase:FBrf0049007 FlyBase:FBrf0112030 Insulinergic intersegmental interneuron that is one of two cells differentiating from neuroblast MP2. It projects posteriorly in a medial fascicle of the connective. Axons from dMP2 neurons innervate the hindgut, forming two fascicles that extend on opposite sides of the hindgut (Miguel-Aliaga et al., 2008). By the adult stage, arbors have formed that innervate the anterior intestines and the rectum. dMP2 neurons perform a pioneer function in embryos then undergo apoptosis in all but segments A1-A9 (Miguel-Aliaga et al., 2008). fly_anatomy.ontology MP2d FBbt:00001602 Insulinergic intersegmental interneuron that is one of two cells differentiating from neuroblast MP2. It projects posteriorly in a medial fascicle of the connective. Axons from dMP2 neurons innervate the hindgut, forming two fascicles that extend on opposite sides of the hindgut (Miguel-Aliaga et al., 2008). By the adult stage, arbors have formed that innervate the anterior intestines and the rectum. dMP2 neurons perform a pioneer function in embryos then undergo apoptosis in all but segments A1-A9 (Miguel-Aliaga et al., 2008). FlyBase:FBrf0112030 FlyBase:FBrf0204880 Intersegmental interneuron that is one of two cells differentiating from neuroblast MP2. It projects anteriorly in a medial fascicle of the connective. fly_anatomy.ontology MP2v FBbt:00001603 Intersegmental interneuron that is one of two cells differentiating from neuroblast MP2. It projects anteriorly in a medial fascicle of the connective. FlyBase:FBrf0112030 fly_anatomy.ontology unpaired median interneuron FBbt:00001604 Cluster of typically 2-6 embryonic neuronal somata prior to axon outgrowth. Neurons of the founder clusters then extend axons that grow along the surface of the founder cluster and form a simple system of pioneer tracts for each of the components of the neuropil. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001605 Nassif et al., (1998) use Fas2 (FBgn0000635) immunolabelling to visualize the founder clusters. Cluster of typically 2-6 embryonic neuronal somata prior to axon outgrowth. Neurons of the founder clusters then extend axons that grow along the surface of the founder cluster and form a simple system of pioneer tracts for each of the components of the neuropil. FlyBase:FBrf0105282 Embryonic fiber tract founder cluster located in the supraesophageal ganglion. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001606 Nassif et al., (1998) use Fas2 (FBgn0000635) immunolabelling to visualize the founder clusters. Embryonic fiber tract founder cluster located in the supraesophageal ganglion. FlyBase:FBrf0105282 Embryonic fiber tract founder cluster more dorsally located than the D/T founder cluster, and belongs to the protocerebrum. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001607 Nassif et al., (1998) use Fas2 (FBgn0000635) immunolabelling to visualize the founder clusters. Embryonic fiber tract founder cluster more dorsally located than the D/T founder cluster, and belongs to the protocerebrum. FlyBase:FBrf0105282 Fiber tract founder cluster located in the protocerebrum between the D/T and P3m founder clusters. Along with these clusters, fibers from the P1 fiber tract founder cluster pioneer the cervical connective. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001608 See Nassif et al., (1998) for a schematic view of founder cluster location. Fiber tract founder cluster located in the protocerebrum between the D/T and P3m founder clusters. Along with these clusters, fibers from the P1 fiber tract founder cluster pioneer the cervical connective. FlyBase:FBrf0105282 Fiber tract founder cluster located at the junction between the protocerebrum and the deuterocerebrum. Along with the P2m founder cluster, fibers from the P2l form a transverse track that pioneers the supraesophageal commissure. This cluster derives from the Dc1 or the Dc2 lineage. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001609 See Nassif et al., (1998) for a schematic view of founder cluster location. Fiber tract founder cluster located at the junction between the protocerebrum and the deuterocerebrum. Along with the P2m founder cluster, fibers from the P2l form a transverse track that pioneers the supraesophageal commissure. This cluster derives from the Dc1 or the Dc2 lineage. FlyBase:FBrf0105282 Fiber tract founder cluster located in the protocerebrum, adjacent to the P2m founder cluster. Along with the P2l founder cluster, fibers from the P2m form a transverse track that pioneers the supraesophageal commissure. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001610 See Nassif et al., (1998) for a schematic view of founder cluster location. Fiber tract founder cluster located in the protocerebrum, adjacent to the P2m founder cluster. Along with the P2l founder cluster, fibers from the P2m form a transverse track that pioneers the supraesophageal commissure. FlyBase:FBrf0105282 Fiber tract founder cluster located laterally adjacent to the fiber tract founder cluster P3m in the protocerebrum. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001611 See Nassif et al., (1998) for a schematic view of founder cluster location. Fiber tract founder cluster located laterally adjacent to the fiber tract founder cluster P3m in the protocerebrum. FlyBase:FBrf0105282 Fiber tract founder cluster located dorsally in the protocerebrum. Along with founder clusters D/T and P1, fibers from the P3m fiber tract founder cluster pioneer the cervical connective. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001612 See Nassif et al., (1998) for a schematic view of founder cluster location. Fiber tract founder cluster located dorsally in the protocerebrum. Along with founder clusters D/T and P1, fibers from the P3m fiber tract founder cluster pioneer the cervical connective. FlyBase:FBrf0105282 Fiber tract founder cluster located in the protocerebrum posterior to founder cluster P3m. Along with founder clusters P5l and P5m, fibers developing from the P4l fiber tract founder cluster pioneer a lateral component of the protocerebral connective. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001613 See Nassif et al., (1998) for a schematic view of founder cluster location. Fiber tract founder cluster located in the protocerebrum posterior to founder cluster P3m. Along with founder clusters P5l and P5m, fibers developing from the P4l fiber tract founder cluster pioneer a lateral component of the protocerebral connective. FlyBase:FBrf0105282 The P4m fiber tract founder cluster i a relatively large group of neurons situated posterior to the P3m founder cluster in the medial cortex of the supraesophageal ganglion. Fibers originating from this cluster pioneer a medial component of the protocerebral connective. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001614 See Nassif et al., (1998) for a schematic view of founder cluster location. The P4m fiber tract founder cluster i a relatively large group of neurons situated posterior to the P3m founder cluster in the medial cortex of the supraesophageal ganglion. Fibers originating from this cluster pioneer a medial component of the protocerebral connective. FlyBase:FBrf0105282 The P5l fiber tract founder cluster is located in the posterior-ventral region of the protocerebrum, adjacent to the optic lobes. Along with founder clusters P4l and P5m, fibers developing from the P5l fiber tract founder cluster pioneer a lateral component of the protocerebral connective. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001615 See Nassif et al., (1998) for a schematic view of founder cluster location. The P5l fiber tract founder cluster is located in the posterior-ventral region of the protocerebrum, adjacent to the optic lobes. Along with founder clusters P4l and P5m, fibers developing from the P5l fiber tract founder cluster pioneer a lateral component of the protocerebral connective. FlyBase:FBrf0105282 The P5m fiber tract founder cluster is located in the posterior-ventral region of the protocerebrum, adjacent to the optic lobes. Along with founder clusters P4l and P5l, fibers developing from the P5m fiber tract founder cluster pioneer a lateral component of the protocerebral connective. fly_anatomy.ontology optic lobe pioneer neuron FBbt:00001616 See Nassif et al., (1998) for a schematic view of founder cluster location. Nassif et al., (1998) claim that double immunolabelling with Mab22C10 and Fas2 reveals that the P5m fiber tract founder cluster correspond to the 'optic lobe pioneers'. The P5m fiber tract founder cluster is located in the posterior-ventral region of the protocerebrum, adjacent to the optic lobes. Along with founder clusters P4l and P5l, fibers developing from the P5m fiber tract founder cluster pioneer a lateral component of the protocerebral connective. FlyBase:FBrf0105282 Embryonic fiber tract founder cluster that overlaps with parts of the deuterocerebrum as well as of the tritocerebral neurectoderm. It is located ventral to the protocerebral embryonic fiber tract founder cluster. D/T cluster fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001617 Nassif et al., (1998) use Fas2 (FBgn0000635) immunolabelling to visualize the founder clusters. Embryonic fiber tract founder cluster that overlaps with parts of the deuterocerebrum as well as of the tritocerebral neurectoderm. It is located ventral to the protocerebral embryonic fiber tract founder cluster. FlyBase:FBrf0105282 D/T cluster FlyBase:FBrf0105282 Embryonic fiber tract founder cluster located in the subesophageal ganglion. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001618 Nassif et al., (1998) use Fas2 (FBgn0000635) immunolabelling to visualize the founder clusters. Embryonic fiber tract founder cluster located in the subesophageal ganglion. FlyBase:FBrf0105282 Embryonic fiber tract founder cluster which is located at the boundary of the labial/prothoracic neuromeres. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001619 Nassif et al., (1998) use Fas2 (FBgn0000635) immunolabelling to visualize the founder clusters. Embryonic fiber tract founder cluster which is located at the boundary of the labial/prothoracic neuromeres. FlyBase:FBrf0105282 Embryonic fiber tract founder cluster which is located at the boundary of the maxillary/labial neuromeres. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001620 Nassif et al., (1998) use Fas2 (FBgn0000635) immunolabelling to visualize the founder clusters. Embryonic fiber tract founder cluster which is located at the boundary of the maxillary/labial neuromeres. FlyBase:FBrf0105282 Embryonic fiber tract founder cluster which is located at the boundary of the mandibular/maxillary neuromeres. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001621 Nassif et al., (1998) use Fas2 (FBgn0000635) immunolabelling to visualize the founder clusters. Embryonic fiber tract founder cluster which is located at the boundary of the mandibular/maxillary neuromeres. FlyBase:FBrf0105282 Embryonic fiber tract founder cluster located in the thoracic and abdominal neuromeres. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001622 Embryonic fiber tract founder cluster located in the thoracic and abdominal neuromeres. FlyBase:FBrf0105282 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001623 Large tract of neurons crossing the midline at the boundary of the deuterocerebrum and pars intercerebralis. It is pioneered by fibers from fiber tract founder clusters P2l and P2m. supraesophageal embryonic fiber commissure transverse component of embryonic brain neuropil fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001624 Large tract of neurons crossing the midline at the boundary of the deuterocerebrum and pars intercerebralis. It is pioneered by fibers from fiber tract founder clusters P2l and P2m. FlyBase:FBrf0105282 supraesophageal embryonic fiber commissure FlyBase:FBrf0105282 transverse component of embryonic brain neuropil FlyBase:FBrf0105282 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001625 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001626 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001627 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001628 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001629 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001630 Tract of the larval brain which is connected to (among other compartments) the centro-anterior synaptic neuropil domain (CA) and the dorso-anterior (DA) and dorso-posterior (DP) compartments. MCT fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001631 Tract of the larval brain which is connected to (among other compartments) the centro-anterior synaptic neuropil domain (CA) and the dorso-anterior (DA) and dorso-posterior (DP) compartments. FlyBase:FBrf0155900 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001632 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001633 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001634 A tract connecting the antennal lobe to higher brain centers. FBbt:00007123 ACT antennocerebral tract antennoglomerular tract fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001635 A tract connecting the antennal lobe to higher brain centers. FlyBase:FBrf0051437 FlyBase:FBrf0155899 FlyBase:FBrf0155900 fly_anatomy.ontology CAT FBbt:00001636 A massive bundle of neurons crossing the midline at the boundary between subesophageal and supraesophageal ganglia. It carries axons of mainly tritocerebral origin although some axons of neurons located in the mandibular neuromere also contribute to this commissure. subesophageal commissure fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001637 A massive bundle of neurons crossing the midline at the boundary between subesophageal and supraesophageal ganglia. It carries axons of mainly tritocerebral origin although some axons of neurons located in the mandibular neuromere also contribute to this commissure. FlyBase:FBrf0105282 subesophageal commissure FlyBase:FBrf0105282 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001638 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001639 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001640 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001641 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001642 Tract of the ventral nerve cord pioneered by vMP2 which projects anteriorly in a medial fascicle of the connective, and extends across segment boundaries (Schmid et al., 1999; Bossing et al., 1996). ventral MP2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001643 Tract of the ventral nerve cord pioneered by vMP2 which projects anteriorly in a medial fascicle of the connective, and extends across segment boundaries (Schmid et al., 1999; Bossing et al., 1996). FlyBase:FBrf0090460 FlyBase:FBrf0112030 ventral MP2 FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Tract pioneered by the MP1 neuron in the ventral nerve cord. The MP1 neurons send a bifurcating axon anterior and posterior along two or three segments in a medial fascicle of the longitudinal connectives (Schmid et al., 1999). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001644 Tract pioneered by the MP1 neuron in the ventral nerve cord. The MP1 neurons send a bifurcating axon anterior and posterior along two or three segments in a medial fascicle of the longitudinal connectives (Schmid et al., 1999). FlyBase:FBrf0049007 FlyBase:FBrf0074503 FlyBase:FBrf0112030 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001645 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001646 Lateral most of the tracts forming the longitudinal connectives of the ventral nerve cord. It is first observed in late stage 16 embryos (Nassif et al., 1998). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001647 Lateral most of the tracts forming the longitudinal connectives of the ventral nerve cord. It is first observed in late stage 16 embryos (Nassif et al., 1998). FlyBase:FBrf0105282 Embryonic structure that will proliferate during larval development into a larval imaginal disc. During early embryogenesis the precursor is part of the epithelial sheet before segregating from the epithelial sheet by late embryogenesis (Bate and Martinez Arias, 1991). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001648 Embryonic structure that will proliferate during larval development into a larval imaginal disc. During early embryogenesis the precursor is part of the epithelial sheet before segregating from the epithelial sheet by late embryogenesis (Bate and Martinez Arias, 1991). FlyBase:FBrf0053815 FlyBase:FBrf0064789 Population of contiguous, morphologically distinct cells that will form an imaginal disc. fly_anatomy.ontology imaginal disc specific anlage FBbt:00001649 Population of contiguous, morphologically distinct cells that will form an imaginal disc. FBC:SPR Primordium that will form the labial disc. fly_anatomy.ontology labial disc specific anlage FBbt:00001650 Primordium that will form the labial disc. FBC:SPR fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001651 true Primordium from which the eye-antennal disc develops. fly_anatomy.ontology eye-antennal disc specific anlage FBbt:00001652 Primordium from which the eye-antennal disc develops. FBC:SPR fly_anatomy.ontology dorsal thoracic disc specific anlage FBbt:00001653 fly_anatomy.ontology dorsal prothoracic disc specific anlage FBbt:00001654 fly_anatomy.ontology dorsal mesothoracic disc specific anlage FBbt:00001655 fly_anatomy.ontology dorsal metathoracic disc specific anlage FBbt:00001656 fly_anatomy.ontology ventral thoracic disc specific anlage FBbt:00001657 fly_anatomy.ontology ventral prothoracic disc specific anlage FBbt:00001658 fly_anatomy.ontology ventral mesothoracic disc specific anlage FBbt:00001659 fly_anatomy.ontology ventral metathoracic disc specific anlage FBbt:00001660 Primordium from which the genital disc develops. fly_anatomy.ontology genital disc specific anlage FBbt:00001661 Primordium from which the genital disc develops. FBC:SPR Primordium from which the male genital disc derives. fly_anatomy.ontology male genital disc specific anlage FBbt:00001662 Primordium from which the male genital disc derives. FBC:SPR Primordium from which the female genital disc derives. fly_anatomy.ontology female genital disc specific anlage FBbt:00001663 Primordium from which the female genital disc derives. FBC:SPR Tubular system of the embryo/larva through which hemolymph flows. FBbt:00005677 larval circulatory system fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001664 Tubular system of the embryo/larva through which hemolymph flows. FlyBase:FBrf0031012 Primordium that makes the inner, contractile layer of the embryonic/larval dorsal vessel. This primordium originates in the mesodermal crest on each side of the embryo. Its component cells (embryonic cardioblasts) become distinct by stage 14. The dorsal vessel is formed by fusion of left and right primordia during, and immediately following, dorsal closure. fly_anatomy.ontology dorsal vessel specific anlage FBbt:00001665 Primordium that makes the inner, contractile layer of the embryonic/larval dorsal vessel. This primordium originates in the mesodermal crest on each side of the embryo. Its component cells (embryonic cardioblasts) become distinct by stage 14. The dorsal vessel is formed by fusion of left and right primordia during, and immediately following, dorsal closure. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0151925 . fly_anatomy.ontology dorsal vessel primordium cuboidal cells heart cell myocardial cell FBbt:00001666 . FlyBase:FBrf0031012 heart cell FlyBase:FBrf0130155 myocardial cell FlyBase:FBrf0031012 Cell type forming the outer layer of the dorsal vessel in the embryonic/larval abdomen. These cells sequester macromolecules from the hemolymph. FBbt:00005679 larval pericardial cell fly_anatomy.ontology nephrocyte FBbt:00001667 Cell type forming the outer layer of the dorsal vessel in the embryonic/larval abdomen. These cells sequester macromolecules from the hemolymph. FlyBase:FBrf0151925 PMID:18355807 nephrocyte PMID:18971929 Hematopoietic organ of the larva, located along the dorsal vessel, behind the brain. embryonic/larval hematopoietic organ fly_anatomy.ontology hematopoietic organ FBbt:00001668 Hematopoietic organ of the larva, located along the dorsal vessel, behind the brain. FlyBase:FBrf0031001 FlyBase:FBrf0032406 FlyBase:FBrf0074444 embryonic/larval hematopoietic organ FlyBase:FBrf0074444 Anterior-most and largest of the 3-6 lobe pairs of the third instar embryonic/larval lymph gland. These lobes are bulbous. primary lobe of embryonic/larval lymph gland fly_anatomy.ontology primary lobe FBbt:00001669 Anterior-most and largest of the 3-6 lobe pairs of the third instar embryonic/larval lymph gland. These lobes are bulbous. FlyBase:FBrf0074444 FlyBase:FBrf0208762 primary lobe of embryonic/larval lymph gland FlyBase:FBrf0208762 primary lobe FlyBase:FBrf0208762 Second most anterior pair of lobes of the third instar larval lymph gland. They are bulbous like the anterior lobes, but smaller than them. secondary lobe of embryonic/larval lymph gland fly_anatomy.ontology secondary lobe FBbt:00001670 Second most anterior pair of lobes of the third instar larval lymph gland. They are bulbous like the anterior lobes, but smaller than them. FlyBase:FBrf0074444 FlyBase:FBrf0208762 secondary lobe of embryonic/larval lymph gland FlyBase:FBrf0208762 secondary lobe FlyBase:FBrf0208762 Pair of lymph gland lobes posterior to the middle lobes. Unlike the more anterior lobes, these are small and elongate. There may be multiple pairs of these lobes. fly_anatomy.ontology tertiary lobe FBbt:00001671 Pair of lymph gland lobes posterior to the middle lobes. Unlike the more anterior lobes, these are small and elongate. There may be multiple pairs of these lobes. FlyBase:FBrf0074444 FlyBase:FBrf0208762 tertiary lobe FlyBase:FBrf0208762 Twist expressing cell associated with the alary muscles in late stage embryos (present by late stage 15, early stage 16). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001672 Twist expressing cell associated with the alary muscles in late stage embryos (present by late stage 15, early stage 16). FlyBase:FBrf0053819 A contractile tube that extends from immediately behind the posterior commissure of T1 to the arthrodial membrane of A7, into which it inserts via two caudally directed muscles which connect to lateral apodemes in A8. Throughout its length, its lumen is enclosed by just two cardial cells. The cardial cell layer is only a single-cell thick, and is surrounded by a single-cell thick layer of pericardial cells, except in the posterior thorax, where it is surrounded by lymph gland in the anterior thorax where it passes through the ring gland. The whole tube is attached to the anterior of each abdominal segment boundary by alary muscles. FBbt:00005681 larval dorsal vessel fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001673 A contractile tube that extends from immediately behind the posterior commissure of T1 to the arthrodial membrane of A7, into which it inserts via two caudally directed muscles which connect to lateral apodemes in A8. Throughout its length, its lumen is enclosed by just two cardial cells. The cardial cell layer is only a single-cell thick, and is surrounded by a single-cell thick layer of pericardial cells, except in the posterior thorax, where it is surrounded by lymph gland in the anterior thorax where it passes through the ring gland. The whole tube is attached to the anterior of each abdominal segment boundary by alary muscles. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The embryonic/larval dorsal vessel from its anterior tip to the middle of segment 4, where it broadens to become the heart. FBbt:00005683 larval aorta fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001674 The embryonic/larval dorsal vessel from its anterior tip to the middle of segment 4, where it broadens to become the heart. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The embryonic/larval dorsal vessel from the middle of A4 to its posterior tip. It is broader and has a larger lumen then the aorta. FBbt:00005685 larval heart fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001675 The embryonic/larval dorsal vessel from the middle of A4 to its posterior tip. It is broader and has a larger lumen then the aorta. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FBbt:00001668 FBbt:00001722 FBbt:00005687 larval cardiovascular gland fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001676 Obsoleted because I can find no trace of usage of this term in curation or in the literature despite an extensive search. The ontology term originated as 'cardiovascular gland' in the earliest versions of the anatomy ontology (as a simple nested CV circa 1992) with a reference to FBrf0031012 == Rizki, 1978, Ashburner, Wright, 1978-1980 b: 397--452. However, this reference contains no mention of a cardiovascular gland. The two obvious candidates to map this to are the ring gland or the lymph gland, as both are associated with the anterior of the dorsal vessel. However, the earliest versions of the anatomy CV also have terms for these. DOS110317 true Opening in the side of the embryonic/larval heart that permits hemolymph to enter the heart for circulation. FBbt:00005688 FBbt:00005689 embryonic ostia larval ostia fly_anatomy.ontology lateral valve FBbt:00001677 Opening in the side of the embryonic/larval heart that permits hemolymph to enter the heart for circulation. FlyBase:FBrf0031012 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0139748 lateral valve FlyBase:FBrf0031012 Ostia of the embryonic/larval heart located at the A5/A6 segmental boundary. FBbt:00005691 larval ostia 1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001678 Ostia of the embryonic/larval heart located at the A5/A6 segmental boundary. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0139748 Ostia of the embryonic/larval heart located at the A6/A7 segmental boundary. FBbt:00005693 larval ostia 2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001679 Ostia of the embryonic/larval heart located at the A6/A7 segmental boundary. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0139748 Ostia of the embryonic/larval heart located at the A6/A7 segmental boundary. FBbt:00005695 larval ostia 3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001680 Ostia of the embryonic/larval heart located at the A6/A7 segmental boundary. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0139748 Paired cells that are attached either side of the pericardial cells on both sides of the dorsal vessel, located where the alary muscle inserts into the dorsal vessel. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001681 Paired cells that are attached either side of the pericardial cells on both sides of the dorsal vessel, located where the alary muscle inserts into the dorsal vessel. FlyBase:FBrf0057603 Hemocoel of the embryo or larva. FBbt:00005697 embryonic/larval haemocoel larval haemocoel larval hemocoel fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001682 Hemocoel of the embryo or larva. FBC:SPR Hemolymph of the embryonic/larval circulatory system. FBbt:00005699 embryonic/larval haemolymph larval haemolymph larval hemolymph fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001683 Hemolymph of the embryonic/larval circulatory system. FBC:SPR Circulatory cell of the embryonic/larval hemolymph. FBbt:00005701 larval hemocyte fly_anatomy.ontology embryonic/larval blood cell FBbt:00001684 Circulatory cell of the embryonic/larval hemolymph. FlyBase:FBrf0037631 Relatively large, irregularly shaped hemocyte (Brehelin, 1982). At the end of the third instar larval stage the plasmatocyte contains numerous inclusions, digitations and pinocytotic vesicles, well developed RER, Golgi apparatus and small lysosome-like bodies. By the end of the third instar period they also contain numerous phagosomes. CL:0000394 fly_anatomy.ontology agranular plasmatocyte granulocyte lamellocyte typical plasmatocyte FBbt:00001685 Brehelin and Zachary (1986) state that they never observe granular inclusions in plasmatocytes. Sometimes a few primary lysosomes as well as rare multivesicular bodies are visible, but these lysosomes are never 'condensed' into electron-dense granules. Together, this suggests that the synonym of 'granulocytes' is erroneous. Relatively large, irregularly shaped hemocyte (Brehelin, 1982). At the end of the third instar larval stage the plasmatocyte contains numerous inclusions, digitations and pinocytotic vesicles, well developed RER, Golgi apparatus and small lysosome-like bodies. By the end of the third instar period they also contain numerous phagosomes. FlyBase:FBrf0037631 FlyBase:FBrf0066479 agranular plasmatocyte FlyBase:FBrf0037631 FlyBase:FBrf0066479 granulocyte FlyBase:FBrf0037631 FlyBase:FBrf0066479 lamellocyte FlyBase:FBrf0037631 FlyBase:FBrf0066479 typical plasmatocyte FlyBase:FBrf0037631 FlyBase:FBrf0066479 Hemocyte that shows phagocytic activity. Morphologically, these cells are plasmatocytes (Tepass et al., 1994; Sorrentino et al., 2002). CL:0000401 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001686 Tepass et al., (1994), using a combination of enhancer trap markers and peroxidasin labelling, find roughly 50% of labelled hemocytes show phagocytic activity by stage 13 of embryogenesis. By the end of embryogenesis approximately 90% are macrophages. Hemocyte that shows phagocytic activity. Morphologically, these cells are plasmatocytes (Tepass et al., 1994; Sorrentino et al., 2002). FlyBase:FBrf0074598 FlyBase:FBrf0144807 Large, flat and regularly shaped hemocyte involved in the immune response of encapsulation. CL:0000396 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001687 Large, flat and regularly shaped hemocyte involved in the immune response of encapsulation. FlyBase:FBrf0037631 FlyBase:FBrf0144807 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001688 An immature crystal cell. They can be distinguished from prohemocytes and proplasmatocytes by the lack of cytoplasmic processes and fewer ribosomes (Shrestha and Gateff, 1982). CL:0000395 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001689 An immature crystal cell. They can be distinguished from prohemocytes and proplasmatocytes by the lack of cytoplasmic processes and fewer ribosomes (Shrestha and Gateff, 1982). FlyBase:FBrf0074444 A cell that is slightly larger than the plasmatocytes and is distinguished by containing large crystalline inclusions that are not membrane bound (Brehelin, 1982). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001690 A cell that is slightly larger than the plasmatocytes and is distinguished by containing large crystalline inclusions that are not membrane bound (Brehelin, 1982). FlyBase:FBrf0035582 FlyBase:FBrf0037631 FlyBase:FBrf0074444 CL:0000398 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001691 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001692 FBbt:00005703 FBbt:00005705 larval garland cell larval garland organ wreath cell fly_anatomy.ontology nephrocyte FBbt:00001693 Embryonic/larval oenocytes are large, polyploid cells whose cytoplasm contains yellowish granules. They are arranged in clusters in abdominal segments 1-7, under the epidermis, to which they are attached by fine elastic cellular extensions. As the animal ages, the number of granules increases and the cells become highly enlarged relative to their neighbors. These cells have been shown to function in the breakdown of stored lipids and may also control feeding behaviour (Gutierrez et al., 2007). These cells degenerate during late pupal stages. FBbt:00005707 larval oenocyte fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001694 Embryonic/larval oenocytes are large, polyploid cells whose cytoplasm contains yellowish granules. They are arranged in clusters in abdominal segments 1-7, under the epidermis, to which they are attached by fine elastic cellular extensions. As the animal ages, the number of granules increases and the cells become highly enlarged relative to their neighbors. These cells have been shown to function in the breakdown of stored lipids and may also control feeding behaviour (Gutierrez et al., 2007). These cells degenerate during late pupal stages. FlyBase:FBrf0007734 FlyBase:FBrf0192579 A cluster of 4-9 larval oenocytes situated bilaterally in each of abdominal segments 1-7 in a space between the dorsoventral muscles and the body wall. Each cell group is closely associated with an 'abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5' and is supplied by its own tracheal branch. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001695 A cluster of 4-9 larval oenocytes situated bilaterally in each of abdominal segments 1-7 in a space between the dorsoventral muscles and the body wall. Each cell group is closely associated with an 'abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5' and is supplied by its own tracheal branch. FlyBase:FBrf0007734 FlyBase:FBrf0134578 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001696 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001697 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001698 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001699 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001700 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001701 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001702 Adipose system of the embryo/larva. FBbt:00005709 larval adipose system fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001703 Adipose system of the embryo/larva. FBC:SPR Fat body of the embryo/larva. FBbt:00005711 larval fat body fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001704 Fat body of the embryo/larva. FBC:SPR fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001705 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001706 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001707 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001708 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001709 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001710 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001711 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001712 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001713 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001714 Endocrine system of the embryo/larva. FBbt:00005713 larval endocrine system fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001715 Endocrine system of the embryo/larva. FBC:SPR The primordium that will form the embryonic/larval corpus allatum, a substructure of the embryonic/larval ring gland. It is a paired structure that becomes distinct in early dorsal closure between the head mesoderm and the epidermis of the gnathal segments. During dorsal closure the paired primordia move dorsally to meet and fuse above the cardioblasts of the developing aorta. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001716 The primordium that will form the embryonic/larval corpus allatum, a substructure of the embryonic/larval ring gland. It is a paired structure that becomes distinct in early dorsal closure between the head mesoderm and the epidermis of the gnathal segments. During dorsal closure the paired primordia move dorsally to meet and fuse above the cardioblasts of the developing aorta. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The corpora cardiaca precursor first appear during stage 10 as two pairs of head mesoderm cells between the roof of the stomodeum and the inner surface of the brain primordium. Between stages 11 and 15, these cells migrate posteriorly, gradually increasing in number. During stage 15, they fuse with the precursors of the corpus allatum from the gnathal mesoderm to form the ring gland. FBbt:00001720 embryonic corpus allatum fly_anatomy.ontology P1 CC corpus cardiacum placode FBbt:00001717 The corpora cardiaca precursor first appear during stage 10 as two pairs of head mesoderm cells between the roof of the stomodeum and the inner surface of the brain primordium. Between stages 11 and 15, these cells migrate posteriorly, gradually increasing in number. During stage 15, they fuse with the precursors of the corpus allatum from the gnathal mesoderm to form the ring gland. FlyBase:FBrf0179777 P1 CC FBC:ds555 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001718 Candidate for obsoletion. This term may be synonymous with 'ring gland', but it is so rarely used in the Drosophila literature that it is difficult to tell. ds100312. Bilaterally paired nerve bundle that connects the larval ring gland to the brain. NCC fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001721 Bilaterally paired nerve bundle that connects the larval ring gland to the brain. FlyBase:FBrf0134726 NCC FlyBase:FBrf0134726 A closely associated cluster of three larval endocrine glands located anterior to the aorta and larval lymph gland. Its component glands are: the corpus cardiacum, the prothoracic gland and the corpus allatum. It is innervated by neurons of the nervus corporis cardiaci. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001722 A closely associated cluster of three larval endocrine glands located anterior to the aorta and larval lymph gland. Its component glands are: the corpus cardiacum, the prothoracic gland and the corpus allatum. It is innervated by neurons of the nervus corporis cardiaci. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001723 true A component of the embryonic/larval ring gland composed of a cluster of 10-20 cells on either side of the aorta. Ventrally, it is continuous with the corpus cardiaca, dorsally with the corpus allatum. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001724 A component of the embryonic/larval ring gland composed of a cluster of 10-20 cells on either side of the aorta. Ventrally, it is continuous with the corpus cardiaca, dorsally with the corpus allatum. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A component of the embryonic/larval ring gland composed of a cluster of about 10 cells that sit medially on top of the aorta. FBbt:00001719 larval corpus allatum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001725 A component of the embryonic/larval ring gland composed of a cluster of about 10 cells that sit medially on top of the aorta. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A bilaterally paired neuro-endocrine structure of the embryonic/larval ring gland. Each is formed by 6-8 small neurons. corpora cardiaca corpora cardiacum larval corpus cardiacum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001726 A bilaterally paired neuro-endocrine structure of the embryonic/larval ring gland. Each is formed by 6-8 small neurons. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001727 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001728 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001729 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001730 fly_anatomy.ontology larval acron FBbt:00001731 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001732 . FlyBase:FBrf0075072 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001733 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001734 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001735 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001736 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001737 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001738 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001739 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001740 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001741 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001742 fly_anatomy.ontology prothorax t1 thoracic segment 1 FBbt:00001743 fly_anatomy.ontology mesothorax t2 thoracic segment 2 FBbt:00001744 fly_anatomy.ontology metathorax t3 thoracic segment 3 FBbt:00001745 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001746 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001747 fly_anatomy.ontology a1 FBbt:00001748 fly_anatomy.ontology a2 FBbt:00001749 fly_anatomy.ontology a3 FBbt:00001750 fly_anatomy.ontology a4 FBbt:00001751 fly_anatomy.ontology a5 FBbt:00001752 fly_anatomy.ontology a6 FBbt:00001753 fly_anatomy.ontology a7 FBbt:00001754 fly_anatomy.ontology a8 FBbt:00001755 fly_anatomy.ontology a9 FBbt:00001756 fly_anatomy.ontology a10 FBbt:00001757 Rudimentary larval abdominal segment that surrounds the anal opening. fly_anatomy.ontology a11 FBbt:00001758 Rudimentary larval abdominal segment that surrounds the anal opening. FlyBase:FBrf0064788 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001759 Imaginal precursor that is part of the embryo/larva. larval imaginal precursor fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001760 Imaginal precursor that is part of the embryo/larva. FBC:SPR A sac shaped epithelial structure in the larva that gives rise to part of the adult integumentary system. One side of the sac consists of peripodial epithelium, the other of columnar epithelium. A single anterior-posterior compartment boundary bisects both peripodial membrane and columnar epithelium. Cells do not cross this boundary during growth and development of the disc. fly_anatomy.ontology imaginal disk FBbt:00001761 A sac shaped epithelial structure in the larva that gives rise to part of the adult integumentary system. One side of the sac consists of peripodial epithelium, the other of columnar epithelium. A single anterior-posterior compartment boundary bisects both peripodial membrane and columnar epithelium. Cells do not cross this boundary during growth and development of the disc. FBC:gg A squamous epithelium that makes up one side of the epithelial sac of which each imaginal disc consists. The anterior-posterior compartment boundary of each disc runs through the middle of this epithelium. During the third larval instar stage, the cells in this epithelium send out long processes, known as lumenal extensions, which contact cells of the disc epithelium proper. peripodial membrane fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001762 A squamous epithelium that makes up one side of the epithelial sac of which each imaginal disc consists. The anterior-posterior compartment boundary of each disc runs through the middle of this epithelium. During the third larval instar stage, the cells in this epithelium send out long processes, known as lumenal extensions, which contact cells of the disc epithelium proper. FlyBase:FBrf0131300 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001763 Imaginal disc that, in the adult, gives rise to the proboscis, including the prementum, prestomal cavity, labellum, labellar cap and pseudotrachea (Cohen, 1993). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001764 Imaginal disc that, in the adult, gives rise to the proboscis, including the prementum, prestomal cavity, labellum, labellar cap and pseudotrachea (Cohen, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064789 Imaginal disc that in the adults gives rise to the labrum, anterior and posterior cibarial plates, fish trap bristles, epipharyngeal sclerite and clypeus (Cohen, 1993). clypeolabral disc fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001765 Imaginal disc that in the adults gives rise to the labrum, anterior and posterior cibarial plates, fish trap bristles, epipharyngeal sclerite and clypeus (Cohen, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064789 Imaginal disc that, in the adults, gives rise to the eye, antenna, head capsule (including all bristles and external membranes) and the maxillary palps (Cohen, 1993). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001766 Figure 12 from Cohen (1993, Bate, Martinez Arias, 1993: 747--841) provides a fate map of the eye-antennal disc. Imaginal disc that, in the adults, gives rise to the eye, antenna, head capsule (including all bristles and external membranes) and the maxillary palps (Cohen, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064789 Posterior portion of the eye-antennal disc. It gives rise to the adult antennal segments and the maxillary palp, as well as contributing to the head capsule. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001767 Figure 12 from Cohen (1993, Bate, Martinez Arias, 1993: 747--841) provides a fate map of the eye-antennal disc. Posterior portion of the eye-antennal disc. It gives rise to the adult antennal segments and the maxillary palp, as well as contributing to the head capsule. FlyBase:FBrf0064789 Anterior, bulbous portion of the eye-antennal disc that gives rise to the eye as well as contributing to the head capsule (Cohen, 1993). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001768 Figure 12 from Cohen (1993, Bate, Martinez Arias, 1993: 747--841) provides a fate map of the eye-antennal disc. Anterior, bulbous portion of the eye-antennal disc that gives rise to the eye as well as contributing to the head capsule (Cohen, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064789 A furrow in the eye disc, caused by apical constriction of cells in the developing eye disc epithelium, in which the assembly of ommatidia begins. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001769 A furrow in the eye disc, caused by apical constriction of cells in the developing eye disc epithelium, in which the assembly of ommatidia begins. FlyBase:FBrf0064798 A cluster of cells in the eye-disc that is the precursor to an adult ommatidium. Eventually there are approximately 750 ommatidial precursor clusters per eye-disc, the first forming at approximately 70hrs before pupation along the morphogenic furrow. A new row of adult ommatidial precursors then emerges from the morphogenic furrow roughly every 1.5 hours. fly_anatomy.ontology ommatidial cluster FBbt:00001770 A cluster of cells in the eye-disc that is the precursor to an adult ommatidium. Eventually there are approximately 750 ommatidial precursor clusters per eye-disc, the first forming at approximately 70hrs before pupation along the morphogenic furrow. A new row of adult ommatidial precursors then emerges from the morphogenic furrow roughly every 1.5 hours. FlyBase:FBrf0064798 Ommatidial precursor cluster composed of five prospective photoreceptors: R8, R2, R5, R3 and R4. This precursor cluster is formed when the mystery cells leave the cluster to rejoin the surrounding, unpatterned epithelium. The nuclei of the remaining cells rise apically whereas the nuclei of the surrounding cells descend. five-cell ommatidial precursor fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001771 Ommatidial precursor cluster composed of five prospective photoreceptors: R8, R2, R5, R3 and R4. This precursor cluster is formed when the mystery cells leave the cluster to rejoin the surrounding, unpatterned epithelium. The nuclei of the remaining cells rise apically whereas the nuclei of the surrounding cells descend. FlyBase:FBrf0064789 Ommatidial precursor cluster composed of eight future photoreceptors. It forms when the precursors of photoreceptors of R1, R7 and R6 form during the second mitotic wave and join the cluster. The nuclei of these newly joined cells begin to climb apically, with R7 lagging behind R1 and R6. immature eight-cell ommatidial cluster fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001772 Ommatidial precursor cluster composed of eight future photoreceptors. It forms when the precursors of photoreceptors of R1, R7 and R6 form during the second mitotic wave and join the cluster. The nuclei of these newly joined cells begin to climb apically, with R7 lagging behind R1 and R6. FlyBase:FBrf0064789 Ommatidial precursor cluster composed of eight future photoreceptors. The nuclei of R8, R2 and R5 are displaced basally compared to the immature eight cell precursor clusters, whereas R7's nucleus is still ascending. The bilateral symmetry of the ommatidium is prominent at this stage. The apical processes of the cells that will become the anterior and posterior cone cells occupy their definitive niches, contacting R2 and R5, respectively (Cohen, 1993). fly_anatomy.ontology symmetrical eight-cell ommatidial precursor cluster FBbt:00001773 Ommatidial precursor cluster composed of eight future photoreceptors. The nuclei of R8, R2 and R5 are displaced basally compared to the immature eight cell precursor clusters, whereas R7's nucleus is still ascending. The bilateral symmetry of the ommatidium is prominent at this stage. The apical processes of the cells that will become the anterior and posterior cone cells occupy their definitive niches, contacting R2 and R5, respectively (Cohen, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064789 Ommatidial precursor cluster composed of eight future photoreceptors and two cone cell precursors. The two cone-cell ommatidial precursor stage is defined by the apical arrival of the nuclei of R7 and the anterior and posterior cone-cells. The nuclei of R1 and R6 are displaced basally. R4 loses its apical contact with R8, and R3 contacts R5 (Cohen, 1993). two cone-cell stage ommatidial cluster fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001774 Ommatidial precursor cluster composed of eight future photoreceptors and two cone cell precursors. The two cone-cell ommatidial precursor stage is defined by the apical arrival of the nuclei of R7 and the anterior and posterior cone-cells. The nuclei of R1 and R6 are displaced basally. R4 loses its apical contact with R8, and R3 contacts R5 (Cohen, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064789 Ommatidial precursor cluster composed of eight future photoreceptors and four cone cell precursors. The four cone-cell ommatidial precursor cluster is achieved with the apical arrival of the nuclei of the polar and equatorial cone cells that have risen over future photoreceptors R3 and R4 on the polar side and R7 on the equatorial side. At this stage all nuclei are displaced basally. R8 begins to move anteriorly squeezing between R1 and R2, where it will remain through adult life (Cohen, 1993). four cone-cell stage ommatidial cluster fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001775 Ommatidial precursor cluster composed of eight future photoreceptors and four cone cell precursors. The four cone-cell ommatidial precursor cluster is achieved with the apical arrival of the nuclei of the polar and equatorial cone cells that have risen over future photoreceptors R3 and R4 on the polar side and R7 on the equatorial side. At this stage all nuclei are displaced basally. R8 begins to move anteriorly squeezing between R1 and R2, where it will remain through adult life (Cohen, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064789 Imaginal disc that is a precursor of dorsal thoracic structures of the adult. dorsal thoracic disk fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001776 Imaginal disc that is a precursor of dorsal thoracic structures of the adult. FlyBase:FBrf0064789 FlyBase:FBrf0064803 Dorsal imaginal disc of the prothoracic segment that is the precursor of structures of the adult dorsal prothorax including the humerus. dorsal prothoracic disc fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001777 Dorsal imaginal disc of the prothoracic segment that is the precursor of structures of the adult dorsal prothorax including the humerus. FlyBase:FBrf0064789 Dorsal imaginal disc of the mesothorax. Precursor of dorsal mesothoracic structures of the adult including the postnotum, scutum, scutellum, wing, wing hinge and part of the notal plura. dorsal mesothoracic disc fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001778 Dorsal imaginal disc of the mesothorax. Precursor of dorsal mesothoracic structures of the adult including the postnotum, scutum, scutellum, wing, wing hinge and part of the notal plura. FlyBase:FBrf0064789 Dorsal imaginal disc of the metathorax. Precursor of structure of the adult dorsal metathorax including the haltere. dorsal metathoracic disc fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001779 Dorsal imaginal disc of the metathorax. Precursor of structure of the adult dorsal metathorax including the haltere. FlyBase:FBrf0064789 Imaginal disc that is a precursor of ventral thoracic structures of the adult. ventral thoracic disk fly_anatomy.ontology leg disc FBbt:00001780 Imaginal disc that is a precursor of ventral thoracic structures of the adult. FlyBase:FBrf0064789 FlyBase:FBrf0064803 Imaginal disc of the ventral prothoracic segment. Precursor of structures of the adult ventral prothorax including the prothoracic (1sr) leg. 1st leg disc ventral prothoracic disc fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001781 Imaginal disc of the ventral prothoracic segment. Precursor of structures of the adult ventral prothorax including the prothoracic (1sr) leg. FlyBase:FBrf0064789 Imaginal disc of the ventral mesothoracic segment. Precursor of structures of the adult ventral mesothorax including the mesothoracic (2nd) leg. 2nd leg disc ventral mesothoracic disc fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001782 Imaginal disc of the ventral mesothoracic segment. Precursor of structures of the adult ventral mesothorax including the mesothoracic (2nd) leg. FlyBase:FBrf0064789 Imaginal disc of the ventral metathoracic segment. Precursor of structures of the adult ventral metathorax including the metathoracic (3rd) leg. 3rd leg disc ventral metathoracic disc fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001783 Imaginal disc of the ventral metathoracic segment. Precursor of structures of the adult ventral metathorax including the metathoracic (3rd) leg. FlyBase:FBrf0064789 Imaginal disc that gives rise to the internal and external genitalia, analia and adult hind gut (Cohen, 1993). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001784 Imaginal disc that gives rise to the internal and external genitalia, analia and adult hind gut (Cohen, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064789 Genital disc that gives rise to the penis and external genitalia, sperm pump, ejaculatory duct, paragonia and vas deferens, anal plates and adult hindgut (Cohen, 1993). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001785 Genital disc that gives rise to the penis and external genitalia, sperm pump, ejaculatory duct, paragonia and vas deferens, anal plates and adult hindgut (Cohen, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064789 The genital primordium that is repressed in the female genital disc. repressed male genital primordia fly_anatomy.ontology RMP FBbt:00001786 The genital primordium that is repressed in the female genital disc. FlyBase:FBrf0037847 FlyBase:FBrf0064788 repressed male genital primordia FlyBase:FBrf0037847 RMP FlyBase:FBrf0037847 Genital disc that gives rise to the vagina and vaginal plates, uterus, parovaria, spermatheca, seminal recepticle, oviducts, female analia and hindgut. (Cohen, 1993). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001787 Genital disc that gives rise to the vagina and vaginal plates, uterus, parovaria, spermatheca, seminal recepticle, oviducts, female analia and hindgut. (Cohen, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064789 The genital primordium that is repressed in the male genital disc. repressed female genital primordia fly_anatomy.ontology RFP FBbt:00001788 The genital primordium that is repressed in the male genital disc. FlyBase:FBrf0037847 FlyBase:FBrf0064788 repressed female genital primordia FlyBase:FBrf0037847 RFP FlyBase:FBrf0037847 A progenitor of the adult external abdomen. CL:0000373 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001789 A progenitor of the adult external abdomen. FBC:gg One of several groups of cells in the larval abdomen that gives rise to the adult external abdomen. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001790 One of several groups of cells in the larval abdomen that gives rise to the adult external abdomen. FBC:gg fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001791 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001792 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001793 . FlyBase:FBrf0030719 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001794 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001795 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001796 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001797 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001798 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001799 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001800 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001801 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001802 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001803 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001804 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001805 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001806 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001807 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001808 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001809 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001810 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001811 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001812 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001813 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001814 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001815 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001816 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001817 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001818 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001819 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001820 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001821 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001822 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001823 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001824 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001825 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001826 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001827 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001828 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001829 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001830 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001831 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001832 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001833 A ring shaped structure in the embryo/larva that gives rise to part of the adult. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001834 A ring shaped structure in the embryo/larva that gives rise to part of the adult. FlyBase:FBrf0064792 ISBN:978-0-521-58445-6 Ring of imaginal cells situated where the larval salivary glands join the salivary ducts, from which the adult salivary glands develop. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001835 Ring of imaginal cells situated where the larval salivary glands join the salivary ducts, from which the adult salivary glands develop. FlyBase:FBrf0064792 Ring of imaginal tissue located in the embryonic/larval gut, at the junction of the foregut and midgut epithelia in the anterior part of the proventriculus. It is the precursor of the posterior region of the adult foregut. fly_anatomy.ontology proventriculus imaginal ring FBbt:00001836 Ring of imaginal tissue located in the embryonic/larval gut, at the junction of the foregut and midgut epithelia in the anterior part of the proventriculus. It is the precursor of the posterior region of the adult foregut. FlyBase:FBrf0064792 A cluster of adult midgut precursor cells adjacent to the basement membrane of the larval midgut. These clusters are scattered throughout the larval midgut. They form by division of adult midgut precursor cells (FBbt:00000449) during larval stages. There are two such divisions during larval life, producing quartets of cells by the wandering third instar stage. fly_anatomy.ontology midgut imaginal histoblasts FBbt:00001837 A cluster of adult midgut precursor cells adjacent to the basement membrane of the larval midgut. These clusters are scattered throughout the larval midgut. They form by division of adult midgut precursor cells (FBbt:00000449) during larval stages. There are two such divisions during larval life, producing quartets of cells by the wandering third instar stage. FlyBase:FBrf0064792 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001838 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001839 Ring of imaginal tissue located at the anterior region of the embryonic/larval hindgut, close to the Malpighian tubules, from which the adult hindgut forms. The hindgut imaginal ring cells are densely clustered, appear immature and have little cytoplasm (Murakami and Shiotsuki, 2001). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001840 Ring of imaginal tissue located at the anterior region of the embryonic/larval hindgut, close to the Malpighian tubules, from which the adult hindgut forms. The hindgut imaginal ring cells are densely clustered, appear immature and have little cytoplasm (Murakami and Shiotsuki, 2001). FlyBase:FBrf0064792 FlyBase:FBrf0135849 Imaginal tissue from which the adult anus develops. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001841 Imaginal tissue from which the adult anus develops. FlyBase:FBrf0064792 . FBbt:00005764 larval digestive system fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001842 . FlyBase:FBrf0007733 FlyBase:FBrf0064792 FBbt:00005765 larval mouth fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001843 FBbt:00005766 larval cibarium fly_anatomy.ontology atrium FBbt:00001844 A group of connected sclerites of the anterior embryonic/larval digestive system (atrium, pharynx and dorsal pouch). The cibarial dilator muscles connect to the cephalopharyngeal skeleton to lift the roof of the pharynx and thereby widen its lumen (Jurgens, 1986). larval head skeleton fly_anatomy.ontology cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton mouth parts FBbt:00001845 A group of connected sclerites of the anterior embryonic/larval digestive system (atrium, pharynx and dorsal pouch). The cibarial dilator muscles connect to the cephalopharyngeal skeleton to lift the roof of the pharynx and thereby widen its lumen (Jurgens, 1986). FlyBase:FBrf0007734 FlyBase:FBrf0045366 larval head skeleton FlyBase:FBrf0205317 cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton FlyBase:FBrf0045366 A moveable pair of chitinous structures at the anterior tip of the cephalopharyngeal skeleton of the larva, on either side of the atrium. Each mouth hook has three processes: a hooked oral process extending anteriorly, a ventral process, and a dorsal process extending dorso-posteriorly to the median tooth. The mouth hooks develop from the maxillary segment. fly_anatomy.ontology mandible FBbt:00001846 A moveable pair of chitinous structures at the anterior tip of the cephalopharyngeal skeleton of the larva, on either side of the atrium. Each mouth hook has three processes: a hooked oral process extending anteriorly, a ventral process, and a dorsal process extending dorso-posteriorly to the median tooth. The mouth hooks develop from the maxillary segment. FlyBase:FBrf0007733 Sclerite that helps root the mouth hooks into their epidermal pockets (Jurgens et al., 1986). fly_anatomy.ontology ectostomal sclerite FBbt:00001847 Sclerite that helps root the mouth hooks into their epidermal pockets (Jurgens et al., 1986). FlyBase:FBrf0045366 Unpaired sclerite to which the median tooth (labrum) posteriorly merges, and bears the cuticular pores of the labral sense organ. fly_anatomy.ontology epistomal sclerite FBbt:00001848 Unpaired sclerite to which the median tooth (labrum) posteriorly merges, and bears the cuticular pores of the labral sense organ. FlyBase:FBrf0045366 Part of the pharyngeal sclerite consisting of two lateral bars connected by a bridge (H) across the floor of the atrium, just anterior to the opening of the salivary duct. H-piece fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001849 Part of the pharyngeal sclerite consisting of two lateral bars connected by a bridge (H) across the floor of the atrium, just anterior to the opening of the salivary duct. FlyBase:FBrf0045366 H-piece FlyBase:FBrf0007734 Pharyngeal component of the cephalopharyngeal skeleton. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001850 Pharyngeal component of the cephalopharyngeal skeleton. Anterior portion of the cephalopharyngeal skeleton which connects posteriorly with the vertical plates. The lateral process is tightly linked to the H piece of the hypostomal sclerite (Jurgens et al., 1993). lateralgraten fly_anatomy.ontology LG lateralgrate FBbt:00001851 Anterior portion of the cephalopharyngeal skeleton which connects posteriorly with the vertical plates. The lateral process is tightly linked to the H piece of the hypostomal sclerite (Jurgens et al., 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0045366 lateralgraten FlyBase:FBrf0045366 LG FlyBase:FBrf0045366 FBbt:00007163 FBbt:00007166 ventral arm ventral cornua fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001852 Obsoleted because ambiguous name caused much misuse. This term referred to the ventral wing of the pharyngeal sclerite - but as this was only clear from its synonyms and part relations, it has frequently been used to refer to the ventral surface/layer of the wing blade. There are now 2 replacement terms: one referring to the ventral wing of the pharyngeal sclerite and the other to the dorsal surface of the wing (For IDs, see consider statements associated with this obsolete term). true FBbt:00007164 FBbt:00007165 dorsal arm dorsal cornua fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001853 Obsoleted because ambiguous name has caused much misuse. This term referred to the dorsal wing of the pharyngeal sclerite - but as this was only clear from its synonyms and part relations, it has frequently been used to refer to the ventral surface/layer of the wing blade. There are now 2 replacement terms: one referring to the ventral wing of the pharyngeal sclerite and the other to the dorsal surface of the wing (For IDs, see consider statements associated with this obsolete term). true Paired structure of the pharyngeal sclerite that connects the dorsal and ventral arms. vertical plate fly_anatomy.ontology ventral plate FBbt:00001854 Paired structure of the pharyngeal sclerite that connects the dorsal and ventral arms. FlyBase:FBim0000950 FlyBase:FBrf0045366 Unpaired part of the pharyngeal sclerite that connects the paired vertical bridges (vertical plates) . fly_anatomy.ontology latticed process FBbt:00001855 Unpaired part of the pharyngeal sclerite that connects the paired vertical bridges (vertical plates) . FlyBase:FBim0000950 FlyBase:FBrf0045366 Duct that arises from invagination from the maxillary and intercalary segments and runs between the dorsal pouch and the pharynx. It's ventral arm serves as a muscle attachment site for the ventral pharyngeal muscles (VPM 1-3). FBbt:00005767 larval tentorium fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001856 Duct that arises from invagination from the maxillary and intercalary segments and runs between the dorsal pouch and the pharynx. It's ventral arm serves as a muscle attachment site for the ventral pharyngeal muscles (VPM 1-3). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Pouch shaped epidermal structure that branches dorsally from the larval atrium, just behind the mouth. It contains the dorsal section of the cephalopharyngeal skeleton (dorsal bridge and dorsal arms). fly_anatomy.ontology larval dorsal pouch FBbt:00001857 Editing Flag: This probably needs fixing. There seem to be two different things referred to as a dorsal pouch. One is a transitional structure formed during development of the head, and the other is an unrelated larval structure. Need to disambiguate/disentangle. Note - possible redundancy between primordium term and embryonic term. ds060616. Pouch shaped epidermal structure that branches dorsally from the larval atrium, just behind the mouth. It contains the dorsal section of the cephalopharyngeal skeleton (dorsal bridge and dorsal arms). FlyBase:FBrf0045366 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001858 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001859 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001860 A grey, shovel-like structure that marks the site where the dorsal pouch branches off. unpaired labrum fly_anatomy.ontology larval labrum FBbt:00001861 A grey, shovel-like structure that marks the site where the dorsal pouch branches off. FlyBase:FBrf0045366 Anterior-most part of the embryonic/larval alimentary canal. It opens anteriorly at the mouth and is composed of the atrium (to which the salivary glands are attached), the pharynx, and the esophagus. Posteriorly, the foregut and the midgut join to form the proventriculus. FBbt:00005768 larval foregut fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001862 Anterior-most part of the embryonic/larval alimentary canal. It opens anteriorly at the mouth and is composed of the atrium (to which the salivary glands are attached), the pharynx, and the esophagus. Posteriorly, the foregut and the midgut join to form the proventriculus. FlyBase:FBrf0064792 Protuberance of the procephalon that marks the rudimentary third (intercalary) head segment (Hartenstein, 1993). It first becomes apparent at stage 11 of embryogenesis. This lobe bears the primordium of the hypopharyngeal organ (Jurgens and Hartenstein, 1993). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001863 Protuberance of the procephalon that marks the rudimentary third (intercalary) head segment (Hartenstein, 1993). It first becomes apparent at stage 11 of embryogenesis. This lobe bears the primordium of the hypopharyngeal organ (Jurgens and Hartenstein, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064788 FlyBase:FBrf0064803 Proventriculus primordium during embryonic stage 15 when it has a keyhole shape due to buckling of the foregut tube. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001864 Proventriculus primordium during embryonic stage 15 when it has a keyhole shape due to buckling of the foregut tube. FlyBase:FBrf0079140 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001865 Region of the embryonic/larval foregut between the atrium and the esophagus. It consists of a bulbous epithelial tube associated with an elaborate chitinous skeleton and musculature. The anterior edge of the pharynx is delimited ventrally by the opening of the salivary gland common duct and dorsally by the median tooth of the mouth hooks. The posterior edge is delimited by the narrowing of the foregut that marks the beginning of the esophagus. FBbt:00005769 larval pharynx fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001866 Bodenstein, 1950, uses the term pharynx to refer to the entire anterior portion of the larval foregut, which in this ontology is divided into the atrium (anterior) and pharynx (posterior). Region of the embryonic/larval foregut between the atrium and the esophagus. It consists of a bulbous epithelial tube associated with an elaborate chitinous skeleton and musculature. The anterior edge of the pharynx is delimited ventrally by the opening of the salivary gland common duct and dorsally by the median tooth of the mouth hooks. The posterior edge is delimited by the narrowing of the foregut that marks the beginning of the esophagus. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Chitinous ridges in the floor of the larval pharynx. T-bars pharyngeal ribs fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001867 Chitinous ridges in the floor of the larval pharynx. FlyBase:FBrf0045366 Floor of the embryonic-larval pharynx. FBbt:00005770 larval epipharynx fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001868 Floor of the embryonic-larval pharynx. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Roof of the embryonic-larval pharynx. FBbt:00005771 larval hypopharynx fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001869 Roof of the embryonic-larval pharynx. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Region of the embryonic/larval foregut posterior to the pharynx and anterior to the proventriculus. It has an approximately uniform diameter and is much narrower than the pharynx. FBbt:00005715 larval esophagus larval oesophagus fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001870 Region of the embryonic/larval foregut posterior to the pharynx and anterior to the proventriculus. It has an approximately uniform diameter and is much narrower than the pharynx. FlyBase:FBrf0007733 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 An organ at the junction of the foregut and midgut that has parts derived from both. FBbt:00005772 larval proventriculus fly_anatomy.ontology embryonic proventriculus FBbt:00001871 An organ at the junction of the foregut and midgut that has parts derived from both. FlyBase:FBrf0007732 FlyBase:FBrf0064788 FlyBase:FBrf0064792 larval proventriculus inner layer fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001872 larval proventriculus intermediate layer fly_anatomy.ontology embryonic/larval proventriculus recurrent layer larval proventriculus recurrent layer FBbt:00001873 larval proventriculus outer layer fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001874 FBbt:00005773 larval peritrophic membrane fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001875 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001876 Salivary gland of the embryo/larva. FBbt:00005717 larval salivary gland fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001878 Salivary gland of the embryo/larva. FBC:SPR fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001879 true Y-shaped tube that carries the secretions from the salivary glands to the embryonic/larval mouth. FBbt:00005774 larval salivary gland duct fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001880 Y-shaped tube that carries the secretions from the salivary glands to the embryonic/larval mouth. FlyBase:FBrf0064792 FlyBase:FBrf0159337 Anterior length of the salivary gland duct. Anteriorly it connects to the atrium of the foregut. Posteriorly it bifurcates into the ducts of the individual salivary glands (Skaer, 1993). FBbt:00005775 larval salivary gland common duct fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001881 Anterior length of the salivary gland duct. Anteriorly it connects to the atrium of the foregut. Posteriorly it bifurcates into the ducts of the individual salivary glands (Skaer, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064792 FBbt:00005825 larval midgut fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001882 Anterior region of the embryonic/larval midgut. FBbt:00005776 anterior larval midgut fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001883 Anterior region of the embryonic/larval midgut. FlyBase:FBrf0064792 FlyBase:FBrf0208023 Central part of the embryonic/larval midgut. This region is acidic (Filshie et al., 1971; Shanbhag and Tripathi, 2009). The epithelium of the anterior part consists of alternating cuprophilic cells and interstitial cells (Poulson and Bowen, 1952; Filshie et al., 1971; Shanbhag and Tripathi, 2009). Immediately posterior to this is a region of large flat cells (Poulson and Waterhouse, 1960). Posterior to this, the most posterior part of the middle midgut consists of iron accumulating cells (Poulson and Bowen, 1952). FBbt:00005777 mid larval gut fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001884 Central part of the embryonic/larval midgut. This region is acidic (Filshie et al., 1971; Shanbhag and Tripathi, 2009). The epithelium of the anterior part consists of alternating cuprophilic cells and interstitial cells (Poulson and Bowen, 1952; Filshie et al., 1971; Shanbhag and Tripathi, 2009). Immediately posterior to this is a region of large flat cells (Poulson and Waterhouse, 1960). Posterior to this, the most posterior part of the middle midgut consists of iron accumulating cells (Poulson and Bowen, 1952). FlyBase:FBrf0008422 FlyBase:FBrf0013091 FlyBase:FBrf0023227 FlyBase:FBrf0064792 FlyBase:FBrf0208023 Posterior-most portion of the embryonic/larval midgut. The posterior half of this region is highly alkaline (> pH10; Shanbhag and Tripathi, 2009). FBbt:00005778 posterior larval midgut fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001885 Posterior-most portion of the embryonic/larval midgut. The posterior half of this region is highly alkaline (> pH10; Shanbhag and Tripathi, 2009). FlyBase:FBrf0064792 FlyBase:FBrf0208023 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001886 Large cell in the middle region of the midgut that is cup-shaped with long microvilli. In animals fed on a copper rich diet, these cells accumulate copper. FBbt:00005625 calycocyte embryonic/larval copper cell secretory cell larval cuprophilic cell fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001887 Large cell in the middle region of the midgut that is cup-shaped with long microvilli. In animals fed on a copper rich diet, these cells accumulate copper. FlyBase:FBrf0008422 FlyBase:FBrf0023227 FlyBase:FBrf0064792 FlyBase:FBrf0208023 calycocyte FlyBase:FBrf0002495 secretory cell FlyBase:FBrf0208023 Columnar cell of the middle midgut, with short microvilli and deep infolding of the basement membrane forming a basal labyrinth. In the anterior region of the middle midgut, these cells alternate with cuprophilic cells. FBbt:00005626 absorptive cell of middle midgut embryonic midgut interstitial cell larval midgut interstitial cell fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001888 Columnar cell of the middle midgut, with short microvilli and deep infolding of the basement membrane forming a basal labyrinth. In the anterior region of the middle midgut, these cells alternate with cuprophilic cells. FlyBase:FBrf0064792 absorptive cell of middle midgut FlyBase:FBrf0208023 A cell type of the posterior-most region of the middle midgut of the larva that accumulates iron when this is present at low concentrations in the food (1ug/g of ferric ferrocyanide (Prussian blue)). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001889 A cell type of the posterior-most region of the middle midgut of the larva that accumulates iron when this is present at low concentrations in the food (1ug/g of ferric ferrocyanide (Prussian blue)). FlyBase:FBrf0008422 A columnar/cuboidal, absorptive epithelial cell of the embryonic/larval midgut epithelium. It has an apical brush border and a basal labyrinth. FBbt:00005627 embryonic principal midgut epithelial cell larval principal midgut epithelial cell fly_anatomy.ontology PMEC FBbt:00001890 A columnar/cuboidal, absorptive epithelial cell of the embryonic/larval midgut epithelium. It has an apical brush border and a basal labyrinth. Posterior part of the embryonic/larval alimentary canal. It extends anteriorly from close to the point of attachment of the Malpighian tubules to the anus (Skaer, 1993). FBbt:00005826 larval hindgut fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001891 Posterior part of the embryonic/larval alimentary canal. It extends anteriorly from close to the point of attachment of the Malpighian tubules to the anus (Skaer, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064792 Posterior-most portion of the embryonic/larval alimentary canal, terminating in the anus. FBbt:00005779 larval rectum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001892 Posterior-most portion of the embryonic/larval alimentary canal, terminating in the anus. FlyBase:FBrf0064792 FlyBase:FBrf0186027 Posterior opening of the embryonic/larval hindgut. larval anus fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001893 Posterior opening of the embryonic/larval hindgut. FBC:SPR Organ consisting of paired symmetrical plates composed of large cuboidal cells, covered in a thin cuticle, and located ventrally on the last segment of the embryo/larva surrounding the anus. larval anal pad fly_anatomy.ontology anal organ FBbt:00001894 Organ consisting of paired symmetrical plates composed of large cuboidal cells, covered in a thin cuticle, and located ventrally on the last segment of the embryo/larva surrounding the anus. FlyBase:FBrf0047374 External opening of the anus. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001895 External opening of the anus. FBC:SPR larval Malpighian tubule fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001896 Malpighian tubule attached to the left hand side of the alimentary canal and lying in a posterior orientation (Wessing and Eichelberg, 1978). larval posterior Malpighian tubule fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001897 Malpighian tubule attached to the left hand side of the alimentary canal and lying in a posterior orientation (Wessing and Eichelberg, 1978). FlyBase:FBrf0030988 Malpighian tubule attached to the right hand side of the alimentary canal and lying in an anterior orientation (Wessing and Eichelberg, 1978). larval anterior Malpighian tubule fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001898 Malpighian tubule attached to the right hand side of the alimentary canal and lying in an anterior orientation (Wessing and Eichelberg, 1978). FlyBase:FBrf0030988 larval Malpighian tubule segment fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001899 larval initial segment of Malpighian tubule fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001900 larval transitional segment of Malpighian tubule fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001901 fly_anatomy.ontology larval main segment of Malpighian tubule FBbt:00001902 Proximal segment connecting a pair of Malpighian tubules to the alimentary canal in the embryo/larva. The ureter is surrounded by longitudinal and circular muscles. larval ureter fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001903 Proximal segment connecting a pair of Malpighian tubules to the alimentary canal in the embryo/larva. The ureter is surrounded by longitudinal and circular muscles. FlyBase:FBrf0030988 larval specialised Malpighian tubule cell fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001904 larval Malpighian tubule tip cell fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001905 larval Malpighian tubule Type I cell fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001906 larval Malpighian tubule Type II cell fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001907 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001908 During adult midgut development, the epithelia of the larval proventriculus, gastric caeca, and midgut are sloughed off into the lumen of the new midgut, to form the yellow body, which is evacuated as the meconium after adult eclosion (Skaer, 1993). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001909 During adult midgut development, the epithelia of the larval proventriculus, gastric caeca, and midgut are sloughed off into the lumen of the new midgut, to form the yellow body, which is evacuated as the meconium after adult eclosion (Skaer, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064792 The contents of the gut at eclosion. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001910 The contents of the gut at eclosion. FlyBase:FBrf0064792 Nervous system of the embryo/larva. FBbt:00005719 larval nervous system fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001911 Nervous system of the embryo/larva. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 FlyBase:FBrf0075072 FlyBase:FBrf0105282 Neuromere of the larva. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001912 Neuromere of the larva. FlyBase:FBrf0084032 FlyBase:FBrf0089217 FlyBase:FBrf0105282 Neuron whose soma is located in a cluster between the larval optic lobe and the central brain that shows strong cycling of Period (FBgn0003068) expression from 4-5hr old L1 larvae located starting from around 4-5 hours after hatching. There are about 5 neurons per cluster. larval lateral neuron fly_anatomy.ontology LN FBbt:00001913 Expression of Period was determined by per-lacZ fusion expression (Kaneko et al., 1997). Neuron whose soma is located in a cluster between the larval optic lobe and the central brain that shows strong cycling of Period (FBgn0003068) expression from 4-5hr old L1 larvae located starting from around 4-5 hours after hatching. There are about 5 neurons per cluster. FlyBase:FBrf0098279 A Per (FBgn0003068) expressing neuron that is located in a dorsoanterior cluster in the larval brain. fly_anatomy.ontology larval dorsal neuron FBbt:00001914 Kaneko et al., (1997) suggest that the larval DN period neurons could be the same cells as the adult DN period neurons based on position of the soma. However, they further comment that these cells do not continuously express Period (FBgn0003068) throughout the developmental stages, making developmental profiling difficult. Furthermore, antiphase cycling of Period observed in larval DN period neuron-2 was not found in either the pupal or adult DN period neuron-2, suggesting that these cells would have to change their Period cycling phase during metamorphosis if they are the same cells. Because of this uncertainty, this ontology does not currently record a developmental relationship between the larval and adult DN neurons. A Per (FBgn0003068) expressing neuron that is located in a dorsoanterior cluster in the larval brain. FlyBase:FBrf0056576 FlyBase:FBrf0098279 A neuron whose soma is located in the dorso-anterior region of the larval brain cortex and that exhibits strong circadian cycling of Period (FBgn0003068) expression starting at about 15 hours post-hatching. There are one or two of these cells per hemisphere. DN1L dorsal neuron-1 larval larval dorsal neuron-1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001915 Expression of Period was determined by per-lacZ fusion expression (Kaneko et al., 1997). A neuron whose soma is located in the dorso-anterior region of the larval brain cortex and that exhibits strong circadian cycling of Period (FBgn0003068) expression starting at about 15 hours post-hatching. There are one or two of these cells per hemisphere. FlyBase:FBrf0098279 Neuron whose soma is located in a region lateral and posterior to that of the DN1 neurons in the dorsal region of the larval brain that exhibits strong circadian cycling of Period (FBgn0003068), with expression starting at about 15 hours post-hatching. There are one or two of these cells per hemisphere. DN2L dorsal neuron-2 larval larval dorsal neuron-2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001916 Expression of Period was determined by per-lacZ fusion expression (Kaneko et al., 1997). Neuron whose soma is located in a region lateral and posterior to that of the DN1 neurons in the dorsal region of the larval brain that exhibits strong circadian cycling of Period (FBgn0003068), with expression starting at about 15 hours post-hatching. There are one or two of these cells per hemisphere. FlyBase:FBrf0098279 Period (FBgn0003068) expressing neuron whose soma is located in the larval brain cortex in a cluster dorso-anterior to the DN2 cluster. Expression of Period in this cell does not show circadian cycling. DN3L dorsal neuron-3 larval larval dorsal neuron-3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001917 Expression of Period was determined by per-lacZ fusion expression (Kaneko et al., 1997). Period (FBgn0003068) expressing neuron whose soma is located in the larval brain cortex in a cluster dorso-anterior to the DN2 cluster. Expression of Period in this cell does not show circadian cycling. FlyBase:FBrf0098279 Nerve of the embryonic/larval nervous system concerned with transmitting impulses from a sense organ or sensory receptor to the central nervous system. FBbt:00005105 larval sensory nerve fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001918 Most nerves carry both sensory and motor projections and in most cases the identity of all projections they do carry is not know. This is not, therefore a reliable means of classification. It would only be possible to support this using auto-classification, which is hard. For these reasons, this class has been obsoleted. If no more specific term can be found, please just use nerve (FBbt:00005105). true Nerve of the embryonic/larval nervous system concerned with transmitting impulses from a sense organ or sensory receptor to the central nervous system. FBC:SPR FlyBase:FBrf0075072 Central nervous system of the embryo/larva. larval central nervous system fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001919 Central nervous system of the embryo/larva. FBC:SPR Brain of the embryo/larva. fly_anatomy.ontology larval brain larval supraesophageal ganglion FBbt:00001920 Brain of the embryo/larva. FBC:SPR . larval supraesophageal connective fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001921 . FlyBase:FBrf0105282 larval cervical connective fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001922 larval protocerebral connective fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001924 Protocerebrum of the embryo/larva. fly_anatomy.ontology larval protocerebrum FBbt:00001925 Protocerebrum of the embryo/larva. FBC:SPR fly_anatomy.ontology neuromere b1 FBbt:00001926 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001927 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001928 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001929 . larval optic lobe fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001930 . FlyBase:FBrf0052913 FlyBase:FBrf0064800 Receptor axons that arise in the eye disc gain access to the developing optic lobe in the supraesophageal hemisphere in the embryonic/larval brain by way of the optic stalk connecting these two structures. The optic stalk is tube-like and provides a funnel through which not only the imaginal receptor axons reach the brain, but also the axons of Bolwig's nerve (Meinertzhagen and Hanson, 1993). larval optic stalk fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001931 Receptor axons that arise in the eye disc gain access to the developing optic lobe in the supraesophageal hemisphere in the embryonic/larval brain by way of the optic stalk connecting these two structures. The optic stalk is tube-like and provides a funnel through which not only the imaginal receptor axons reach the brain, but also the axons of Bolwig's nerve (Meinertzhagen and Hanson, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064800 larval optic stalk sheath cell fly_anatomy.ontology lemnoblast cell FBbt:00001932 The lateral, outer layer of the larval optic lobe. It consists of proliferating neuroblasts, precursors of neurons of optic lobe structures (in particular of the lamina), with an epithelial arrangement. It is dome shaped and is perforated at its centre by a pore, through which axons of the optic stalk pass (Meinertzhagen and Hanson, 1993). It becomes distinguished from the inner optic anlage during the second half of the first instar period (Meinertzhagen and Hanson, 1993). larval outer optic anlage fly_anatomy.ontology embryonic/larval outer optic anlage opc outer proliferation center FBbt:00001933 The lateral, outer layer of the larval optic lobe. It consists of proliferating neuroblasts, precursors of neurons of optic lobe structures (in particular of the lamina), with an epithelial arrangement. It is dome shaped and is perforated at its centre by a pore, through which axons of the optic stalk pass (Meinertzhagen and Hanson, 1993). It becomes distinguished from the inner optic anlage during the second half of the first instar period (Meinertzhagen and Hanson, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0052913 FlyBase:FBrf0064800 . larval optic neuropil fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001934 . FlyBase:FBrf0052913 Anlage that is the precursor to the medulla. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001935 Anlage that is the precursor to the medulla. FBC:SPR fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001936 Neuroblast from which the medulla originates. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001938 Neuroblast from which the medulla originates. FBC:SPR A zone of proliferating neuroblasts that forms at mid third instar, at the lateral rim of the outer optic anlage. Descendants of these neuroblasts form the lamina. FBbt:00001950 lateral proliferation zone lpo fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001939 May be identical to lamina anlage. A zone of proliferating neuroblasts that forms at mid third instar, at the lateral rim of the outer optic anlage. Descendants of these neuroblasts form the lamina. FlyBase:FBrf0052913 lpo FlyBase:FBrf0052913 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001940 Neuroblast from which the lamina develops. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001942 Neuroblast from which the lamina develops. FBC:SPR Region of the lamina where the axons of photoreceptor cells R1-R6 form a dense layer of expanded growth cones nestled between two layers of glial cells (Garrity et al., 1999). VFB:FBbt_00001943 lamina plexiform layer fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001943 Region of the lamina where the axons of photoreceptor cells R1-R6 form a dense layer of expanded growth cones nestled between two layers of glial cells (Garrity et al., 1999). FlyBase:FBrf0064800 FlyBase:FBrf0108182 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001944 Neuroblast from which the lobula develops. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001945 Neuroblast from which the lobula develops. FBC:SPR fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001946 Region of the adult brain cortex that overlies the lobula plate. VFB:FBbt_00001948 lobula plate cell body rind fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001948 BrainName may further subdivide cortex/rind regions into multiple facets. Subdivisions should be denoted by the addition of a single letter body-axis direction, e.g. LH(A) for anterior to the Lateral Horn; SMP(M) for medial to the superior medial protocerebrum, etc. Region of the adult brain cortex that overlies the lobula plate. FBC:BrainName Zone of proliferating neuroblasts that forms at the end of the second instar at the medial edge of the outer optic anlage. mpo fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001949 Zone of proliferating neuroblasts that forms at the end of the second instar at the medial edge of the outer optic anlage. FlyBase:FBrf0052913 mpo FlyBase:FBrf0052913 A ribbon-like layer of proliferating neuroblasts in the larval optic lobe. In early larval stages, it is wrapped around the larval antennal nerve. Later it becomes U shaped, with the opening of the U pointing in a dorso-caudal direction. It becomes distinguished from the outer optic anlage during the second half of the first instar period (Meinertzhagen and Hanson, 1993). embryonic/larval inner optic anlage larval inner optic anlage fly_anatomy.ontology inner proliferation center ipc FBbt:00001951 A ribbon-like layer of proliferating neuroblasts in the larval optic lobe. In early larval stages, it is wrapped around the larval antennal nerve. Later it becomes U shaped, with the opening of the U pointing in a dorso-caudal direction. It becomes distinguished from the outer optic anlage during the second half of the first instar period (Meinertzhagen and Hanson, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0052913 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001952 . FlyBase:FBrf0052913 A zone of proliferating neuroblasts at the posterior shank of the inner optic anlage. fly_anatomy.ontology dpi FBbt:00001953 May be precursor of medial-most part of the lobula complex (Hofbauer and Campos-Ortega, 1990). A zone of proliferating neuroblasts at the posterior shank of the inner optic anlage. FlyBase:FBrf0052913 A lateral zone of proliferating neuroblasts arising from the central part of the inner optic anlage near the Bolwig's nerve. Neuroblasts segregate from the anlage at the beginning of the third larval instar, and are displaced towards the point of entry of the Bolwig's nerve and then separate from each other by newly formed fiber bundles ("Zellenstrange"). One group will form the central plug, and the distal group are pushed up against the posterior face of the lamina surrounding the Bolwig's nerve. inner proliferative zone fly_anatomy.ontology IPZ ipi FBbt:00001954 A lateral zone of proliferating neuroblasts arising from the central part of the inner optic anlage near the Bolwig's nerve. Neuroblasts segregate from the anlage at the beginning of the third larval instar, and are displaced towards the point of entry of the Bolwig's nerve and then separate from each other by newly formed fiber bundles ("Zellenstrange"). One group will form the central plug, and the distal group are pushed up against the posterior face of the lamina surrounding the Bolwig's nerve. FlyBase:FBrf0052913 FlyBase:FBrf0064800 inner proliferative zone FlyBase:FBrf0111426 inner anlage neuroblast fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001955 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001956 Deuterocerebrum of the embryo/larva. larval deuterocerebrum larval deutocerebrum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001957 Deuterocerebrum of the embryo/larva. FBC:SPR deutocerebral neuromere fly_anatomy.ontology neuromere b2 FBbt:00001958 anterior deutocerebral neuromere fly_anatomy.ontology neuromere b2 FBbt:00001959 central deutocerebral neuromere fly_anatomy.ontology neuromere b2 FBbt:00001960 posterior deutocerebral neuromere fly_anatomy.ontology neuromere b2 FBbt:00001961 Tritocerebrum of the embryonic/larval brain. larval tritocerebrum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001962 Tritocerebrum of the embryonic/larval brain. FBC:SPR fly_anatomy.ontology neuromere b3 FBbt:00001963 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001964 Nerve that carries axons from larval sense organs in the head, including the dorsal organ, to the larval antennal lobe. SNIII larval antennal nerve sensory nerve III fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001965 Nerve that carries axons from larval sense organs in the head, including the dorsal organ, to the larval antennal lobe. SNIII FlyBase:FBrf0075072 sensory nerve III FlyBase:FBrf0075072 Nerve of the larval head that carries axons from the epiphysis, pharyngeal chordotonal organ, dorsopharyngeal organ, hypopharyngeal organ and the laterohypopharyngeal organ (Schmidt-Ott et al., 1994). LbrN SNI sensory nerve I fly_anatomy.ontology labral nerve FBbt:00001966 Nerve of the larval head that carries axons from the epiphysis, pharyngeal chordotonal organ, dorsopharyngeal organ, hypopharyngeal organ and the laterohypopharyngeal organ (Schmidt-Ott et al., 1994). FlyBase:FBrf0075072 FlyBase:FBrf0147119 LbrN FBC:BrainName SNI FlyBase:FBrf0075072 sensory nerve I FlyBase:FBrf0075072 Larval nerve connecting the Bolwig's organ to the optic lobe. Bolwig's nerve SNII sensory nerve II fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001967 Larval nerve connecting the Bolwig's organ to the optic lobe. FlyBase:FBrf0064800 SNII FlyBase:FBrf0075072 sensory nerve II FlyBase:FBrf0075072 bipolar neuron of Bolwig's nerve fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001968 Nerve of the larval head that carries axons from the dorsolateral papilla. SNIV pan sensory nerve IV fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001969 Nerve of the larval head that carries axons from the dorsolateral papilla. FlyBase:FBrf0075072 SNIV FlyBase:FBrf0075072 sensory nerve IV FlyBase:FBrf0075072 Nerve of the larval head that carries axons from the hypopharyngeal sense organ. It is joined by a branch carrying axons from the latero-hypopharyngeal organ. It joins the labral nerve before it enters the tritocerebrum. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001970 Nerve of the larval head that carries axons from the hypopharyngeal sense organ. It is joined by a branch carrying axons from the latero-hypopharyngeal organ. It joins the labral nerve before it enters the tritocerebrum. FlyBase:FBrf0075072 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Neuron of the subesophageal ganglion. fly_anatomy.ontology SEG neuron SOG neuron FBbt:00001972 Neuron of the subesophageal ganglion. FBC:SPR fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001973 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001974 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001975 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001976 . SNV lpn sensory nerve V fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001977 . FlyBase:FBrf0089570 SNV FlyBase:FBrf0075072 sensory nerve V FlyBase:FBrf0075072 Nerve carrying axons from the larval head, including the hypophysis and the labial organ, to the larval subesophageal ganglion. LbN SNVII lan larval labial nerve sensory nerve VII fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001978 Nerve carrying axons from the larval head, including the hypophysis and the labial organ, to the larval subesophageal ganglion. FlyBase:FBrf0075072 FlyBase:FBrf0201176 LbN FlyBase:FBrf0201176 SNVII FlyBase:FBrf0075072 sensory nerve VII FlyBase:FBrf0075072 Larval subesophageal nerve carrying axons from the larval head, including the terminal organ and the ventral organ, terminating in the subesophageal ganglion. SNVI larval maxillary nerve mxn sensory nerve VI fly_anatomy.ontology MN FBbt:00001979 Larval subesophageal nerve carrying axons from the larval head, including the terminal organ and the ventral organ, terminating in the subesophageal ganglion. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0201176 SNVI FlyBase:FBrf0075072 sensory nerve VI FlyBase:FBrf0075072 Serotonergic neuron whose cell body is located in one of 3 clusters on either side of the ventral midline in the ventral nerve cord of the mandibular segment. Axons from this cluster cross the midline in the mandibular segment. In the adult they are located adjacent to the esophagus foramen. VFB:FBbt_00001980 SE1 neuron subesophageal ganglion SE neuron 1 subesophageal ganglion neuron 1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001980 Serotonergic neuron whose cell body is located in one of 3 clusters on either side of the ventral midline in the ventral nerve cord of the mandibular segment. Axons from this cluster cross the midline in the mandibular segment. In the adult they are located adjacent to the esophagus foramen. FlyBase:FBrf0048551 Bilaterally paired (Kolhekar et al., 1997) FMRFamide expressing interneuron of the subesophageal neuromere (Schneider et al., 1993). They are located more anteriorly than the FMRFamide SE3 cells (Schneider et al., 1993). SE2 neuron FMRF SE2 neuron fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001981 Disambiguation: P.Taghert has confirmed that the FMRFamide-expressing SE2 cells are a distinct, non-overlapping cell population to the serotonergic SE2 cells (FBbt:00100391). Bilaterally paired (Kolhekar et al., 1997) FMRFamide expressing interneuron of the subesophageal neuromere (Schneider et al., 1993). They are located more anteriorly than the FMRFamide SE3 cells (Schneider et al., 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0059164 FlyBase:FBrf0092591 SE2 neuron FlyBase:FBrf0059164 FlyBase:FBrf0092591 Serotonergic neuron whose cell body is located in one of 3 clusters on either side of the ventral midline in the ventral nerve cord of the labial segment. Axons from this cluster cross the midline in the labial segment. In the adult they are located in the posterior subesophageal ganglion. VFB:FBbt_00001982 subesophageal ganglion SE neuron 3 subesophageal ganglion neuron 3 fly_anatomy.ontology SE3 neuron FBbt:00001982 Valles and White (1988) comment that they originally thought the SE3 cluster was prothoracic and not part of the subesophageal ganglion, but reviewed their opinion based on further study. Disambiguation: P.Taghert has confirmed that the serotonin-expressing SE3 cells are a distinct, non-overlapping cell population to the FMRFamide expressing SE3 cells. Serotonergic neuron whose cell body is located in one of 3 clusters on either side of the ventral midline in the ventral nerve cord of the labial segment. Axons from this cluster cross the midline in the labial segment. In the adult they are located in the posterior subesophageal ganglion. FlyBase:FBrf0048551 Neuron that is part of the thorax. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001983 Neuron that is part of the thorax. FBC:SPR fly_anatomy.ontology prothoracic neuron FBbt:00001984 fly_anatomy.ontology mesothoracic neuron FBbt:00001985 Serotonergic neuron located in the third thoracic ganglion of the larva, and ventromedial and posterior in the metathoracic neuromere of the adult (Valles and White, 1988). There are two cell bodies in each cluster. fly_anatomy.ontology metathoracic neuron FBbt:00001986 Serotonergic neuron located in the third thoracic ganglion of the larva, and ventromedial and posterior in the metathoracic neuromere of the adult (Valles and White, 1988). There are two cell bodies in each cluster. FlyBase:FBrf0048551 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001987 fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal 1 neuron FBbt:00001988 fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal 2 neuron FBbt:00001989 fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal 3 neuron FBbt:00001990 fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal 4 neuron FBbt:00001991 fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal 5 neuron FBbt:00001992 fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal 6 neuron FBbt:00001993 fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal 7 neuron FBbt:00001994 fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal 8 neuron FBbt:00001995 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001996 Larval nerve of segments T1-A7. It exits the ventral ganglion at a position adjacent to the anterior commissure as a fascicle which shares a glial sheath with the segmental nerve (posterior fascicle). This combined nerve runs dorsally until it encounters the ventral oblique musculature, at which point it splits into separate segmental and intersegmental nerves with their own glial sheaths. The intersegmental nerve runs dorsally along a path anterior to the segmental nerve. It branches to various sensory clusters and muscles. ISN anterior fascicle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001997 Larval nerve of segments T1-A7. It exits the ventral ganglion at a position adjacent to the anterior commissure as a fascicle which shares a glial sheath with the segmental nerve (posterior fascicle). This combined nerve runs dorsally until it encounters the ventral oblique musculature, at which point it splits into separate segmental and intersegmental nerves with their own glial sheaths. The intersegmental nerve runs dorsally along a path anterior to the segmental nerve. It branches to various sensory clusters and muscles. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001998 Sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system that innervates a dorsal external sense (des) organ of the abdominal, mesothoracic, metathoracic or prothoracic segment of the embryo/larva. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001999 Sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system that innervates a dorsal external sense (des) organ of the abdominal, mesothoracic, metathoracic or prothoracic segment of the embryo/larva. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 FlyBase:FBrf0046281 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system that innervates a dorsal external sense (des) organ of the abdominal, mesothoracic, metathoracic or prothoracic segment of the embryo/larva. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002000 Sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system that innervates a dorsal external sense (des) organ of the abdominal, mesothoracic, metathoracic or prothoracic segment of the embryo/larva. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 FlyBase:FBrf0046281 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system that innervates a dorsal external sense (des) organ of the abdominal, mesothoracic, metathoracic or prothoracic segment of the embryo/larva. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002001 Sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system that innervates a dorsal external sense (des) organ of the abdominal, mesothoracic, metathoracic or prothoracic segment of the embryo/larva. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 FlyBase:FBrf0046281 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system that innervates a dorsal external sense (des) organ of the abdominal, mesothoracic, metathoracic or prothoracic segment of the embryo/larva. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002002 Sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system that innervates a dorsal external sense (des) organ of the abdominal, mesothoracic, metathoracic or prothoracic segment of the embryo/larva. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 FlyBase:FBrf0046281 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Most dorsal of the sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system that innervate a dorsal external sense (des) organ of the mesothoracic, metathoracic or prothoracic segment of the embryo/larva (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002003 Most dorsal of the sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system that innervate a dorsal external sense (des) organ of the mesothoracic, metathoracic or prothoracic segment of the embryo/larva (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). FlyBase:FBrf0045359 FlyBase:FBrf0046281 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002004 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002005 A neuron innervating the dorsal Kolbchen of the embryonic/larval prothorax (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). There are two such neurons innervating each dorsal Kolbchen. dk fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002006 A neuron innervating the dorsal Kolbchen of the embryonic/larval prothorax (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). There are two such neurons innervating each dorsal Kolbchen. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 FlyBase:FBrf0046281 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 dk FlyBase:FBrf0045359 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002007 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002008 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002009 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002010 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002011 Sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system that innervates a lateral external sense (les) organ of the abdominal, mesothoracic, metathoracic or prothoracic segment of the embryo/larva. fly_anatomy.ontology les A FBbt:00002012 Sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system that innervates a lateral external sense (les) organ of the abdominal, mesothoracic, metathoracic or prothoracic segment of the embryo/larva. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 FlyBase:FBrf0046281 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system that innervates a lateral external sense (les) organ of the abdominal, mesothoracic, metathoracic or prothoracic segment of the embryo/larva. fly_anatomy.ontology les B FBbt:00002013 Sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system that innervates a lateral external sense (les) organ of the abdominal, mesothoracic, metathoracic or prothoracic segment of the embryo/larva. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 FlyBase:FBrf0046281 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system that innervates a lateral external sense (les) organ of the abdominal, mesothoracic, metathoracic or prothoracic segment of the embryo/larva. fly_anatomy.ontology les C FBbt:00002014 Sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system that innervates a lateral external sense (les) organ of the abdominal, mesothoracic, metathoracic or prothoracic segment of the embryo/larva. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 FlyBase:FBrf0046281 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system that innervates a lateral external sense (les) organ of the prothoracic segment of the embryo/larva. fly_anatomy.ontology les D FBbt:00002015 Sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system that innervates a lateral external sense (les) organ of the prothoracic segment of the embryo/larva. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 FlyBase:FBrf0046281 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A neuron innervating the lateral Kolbchen of the embryonic/larval meso- or metathoracic segment (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). There are three such neurons innervating each dorsal Kolbchen. fly_anatomy.ontology les 3 FBbt:00002016 A neuron innervating the lateral Kolbchen of the embryonic/larval meso- or metathoracic segment (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). There are three such neurons innervating each dorsal Kolbchen. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 FlyBase:FBrf0046281 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002017 Scolopidial neuron of laterally located triscolopidial chordotonal organ lch3. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002018 Scolopidial neuron of laterally located triscolopidial chordotonal organ lch3. FlyBase:FBrf0041814 Neuron of abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5. Fasciculates in the intersegmental nerve. FBbt:00002377 abdominal lch5 neuron fly_anatomy.ontology lch5x FBbt:00002019 Neuron of abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5. Fasciculates in the intersegmental nerve. FlyBase:FBrf0041814 lch5x FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002020 sso fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002021 sso FlyBase:FBrf0089570 sso fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002022 sso FlyBase:FBrf0089570 sso fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002023 sso FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002024 Neuron whose cell-body is located ventrally in the dorsal group of dendritic arborization neurons (da). It has long primary and secondary branches marked by spiked protrusions (1-20um) along most of its length (Grueber et al., 2002). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002025 Following the classification system proposed by Grueber et al., (2002), ddaA is a class III neuron. Neuron whose cell-body is located ventrally in the dorsal group of dendritic arborization neurons (da). It has long primary and secondary branches marked by spiked protrusions (1-20um) along most of its length (Grueber et al., 2002). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0148966 FlyBase:FBrf0183734 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription0.html Neuron whose cell body is located ventrally in the dorsal group of dendritic arborization neurons, slightly dorsal to the dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaA. It has long and sinuous dendrites with few higher order branches (Grueber et al., 2002). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002026 Following the classification system proposed by Grueber et al., (2002), ddaB is a class II neuron. Neuron whose cell body is located ventrally in the dorsal group of dendritic arborization neurons, slightly dorsal to the dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaA. It has long and sinuous dendrites with few higher order branches (Grueber et al., 2002). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0183734 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription0.html Neuron whose cell body is located centrally in the dorsal group of dendritic arborization neurons. It presents a highly complex dendritic arborization pattern (Grueber et al., 2002). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002027 Following the classification system proposed by Grueber et al., (2002), ddaC is a class IV neuron. Neuron whose cell body is located centrally in the dorsal group of dendritic arborization neurons. It presents a highly complex dendritic arborization pattern (Grueber et al., 2002). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0148966 FlyBase:FBrf0183734 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription0.html Neuron whose cell body is located dorsally in the dorsal group of dendritic arborization neurons. It presents a long single dendrite from which originate anterior-directed secondary dendrites (Grueber et al., 2002). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002028 There is some confusion in the literature between ddaF and ddaD (see Orgogozo and Grueber, 2005, for details). The nomenclature used here is according to Grueber et al., 2002. However, other papers (notably Sweeney et al., 2002) refer to Grueber's ddaD as ddaF and vice-versa. Neuron whose cell body is located dorsally in the dorsal group of dendritic arborization neurons. It presents a long single dendrite from which originate anterior-directed secondary dendrites (Grueber et al., 2002). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0148966 FlyBase:FBrf0183734 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription0.html Neuron whose cell body is located dorsally in the dorsal group of dendritic arborization neurons, usually posterior to dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaD. It presents a long single dendrite from which originate anterior-directed secondary dendrites (Grueber et al., 2002). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002029 Following the classification system proposed by Grueber et al., (2002), ddaE is a class I neuron. Neuron whose cell body is located dorsally in the dorsal group of dendritic arborization neurons, usually posterior to dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaD. It presents a long single dendrite from which originate anterior-directed secondary dendrites (Grueber et al., 2002). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0148966 FlyBase:FBrf0183734 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription0.html fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002030 Multidendritic neuron ventrally located in the lateral complex of the second and third thoracic segments of the larva. Its long and sinuous dendrites are simply branched, but are symmetrically bifurcating. fly_anatomy.ontology lda FBbt:00002031 Following the classification system proposed by Grueber et al., (2002), ldaA is a class II neuron. Multidendritic neuron ventrally located in the lateral complex of the second and third thoracic segments of the larva. Its long and sinuous dendrites are simply branched, but are symmetrically bifurcating. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0148966 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription0.html lda http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription0.html fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002032 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002033 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002034 Larval nerve of segments T1-A7. It exits the ventral ganglion at a position adjacent to the anterior commissure as a fascicle which shares a glial sheath with the segmental nerve (posterior fascicle). This combined nerve runs dorsally until it encounters the ventral oblique musculature, at which point it splits into separate segmental and intersegmental nerves with their own glial sheaths. The segmental nerve runs dorsally along a path posterior to the intersegmental nerve between the musculature and the epidermis. It branches to various sensory clusters and muscles. SN fly_anatomy.ontology posterior fascicle FBbt:00002037 Larval nerve of segments T1-A7. It exits the ventral ganglion at a position adjacent to the anterior commissure as a fascicle which shares a glial sheath with the segmental nerve (posterior fascicle). This combined nerve runs dorsally until it encounters the ventral oblique musculature, at which point it splits into separate segmental and intersegmental nerves with their own glial sheaths. The segmental nerve runs dorsally along a path posterior to the intersegmental nerve between the musculature and the epidermis. It branches to various sensory clusters and muscles. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002038 Sensory neuron of the ventral chordotonal organ of the larval abdomen or thorax. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002039 Sensory neuron of the ventral chordotonal organ of the larval abdomen or thorax. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002040 Sensory PNS neuron of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7, the pro-, meta- or mesothoracic segments (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). In the abdominal segments it is located ventral to vesB. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002041 Sensory PNS neuron of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7, the pro-, meta- or mesothoracic segments (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). In the abdominal segments it is located ventral to vesB. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription0.html Sensory PNS neuron of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7, the pro-, meta- or mesothoracic segments (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). In the abdominal segments it is located dorsal to vesA and ventral to vesC. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002042 Sensory PNS neuron of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7, the pro-, meta- or mesothoracic segments (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). In the abdominal segments it is located dorsal to vesA and ventral to vesC. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription0.html Sensory PNS neuron of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7, the pro-, meta- or mesothoracic segments (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). In the abdominal segments it is located dorsal to vesB. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002043 Sensory PNS neuron of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7, the pro-, meta- or mesothoracic segments (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). In the abdominal segments it is located dorsal to vesB. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription0.html fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002044 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002045 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002046 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002047 Sensory PNS neuron of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7, the pro-, meta- or mesothoracic segments (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). In the abdominal segments it is located dorsal to vesC, and ventral to v'esB. In the thoracic segments 2 and 3 it is located ventral to the cluster of vesA-E neurons, but is located anterior to it in thoracic segment T1. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002048 Sensory PNS neuron of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7, the pro-, meta- or mesothoracic segments (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). In the abdominal segments it is located dorsal to vesC, and ventral to v'esB. In the thoracic segments 2 and 3 it is located ventral to the cluster of vesA-E neurons, but is located anterior to it in thoracic segment T1. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription0.html Sensory PNS neuron of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7, the pro-, meta- or mesothoracic segments (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). In the abdominal segments it is located anterodorsal to v'esA. In the thoracic segments it is located ventral to v'es3. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002049 Sensory PNS neuron of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7, the pro-, meta- or mesothoracic segments (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). In the abdominal segments it is located anterodorsal to v'esA. In the thoracic segments it is located ventral to v'es3. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription0.html Sensory PNS neuron of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7 (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). It is located posterioventral to lesA. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002050 Sensory PNS neuron of embryonic/larval abdominal segments 1-7 (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). It is located posterioventral to lesA. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription0.html Sensory PNS neuron of embryonic/larval pro-, meta- or mesothoracic segments (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). It is located dorsal to v'esB neuron. fly_anatomy.ontology ves3 neuron FBbt:00002051 Sensory PNS neuron of embryonic/larval pro-, meta- or mesothoracic segments (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). It is located dorsal to v'esB neuron. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription0.html Sensory PNS neuron of embryonic/larval prothoracic segment (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). It lies on the anterior border, ventral to v''esB. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002052 Sensory PNS neuron of embryonic/larval prothoracic segment (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). It lies on the anterior border, ventral to v''esB. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription0.html Sensory PNS neuron of embryonic/larval prothoracic segment (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). It lies on the anterior border, dorsal to v''esA. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002053 Sensory PNS neuron of embryonic/larval prothoracic segment (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). It lies on the anterior border, dorsal to v''esA. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription0.html fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002054 One of four dendritic arborizing neurons found in each larval thoracic/abdominal ventral sensory cluster. Its axon fasciculates with the segmental nerve. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002055 One of four dendritic arborizing neurons found in each larval thoracic/abdominal ventral sensory cluster. Its axon fasciculates with the segmental nerve. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 One of four dendritic arborizing neurons found in each larval thoracic/abdominal ventral sensory cluster. Its axon fasciculates with the segmental nerve. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002056 One of four dendritic arborizing neurons found in each larval thoracic/abdominal ventral sensory cluster. Its axon fasciculates with the segmental nerve. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 One of four dendritic arborizing neurons found in each larval thoracic/abdominal ventral sensory cluster. Its axon fasciculates with the segmental nerve. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002057 One of four dendritic arborizing neurons found in each larval thoracic/abdominal ventral sensory cluster. Its axon fasciculates with the segmental nerve. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 One of four dendritic arborizing neurons found in each larval thoracic/abdominal ventral sensory cluster. Its axon fasciculates with the segmental nerve. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002058 One of four dendritic arborizing neurons found in each larval thoracic/abdominal ventral sensory cluster. Its axon fasciculates with the segmental nerve. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002062 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002063 Intersegmental nerve of the embryonic/larval prothoracic segment. ISN prothoracic anterior fascicle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002064 Intersegmental nerve of the embryonic/larval prothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002065 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002066 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002067 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002068 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002069 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002070 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002071 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002072 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002073 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 Lateral triscolopidial chordotonal organ of the embryonic/larval prothorax (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002074 Lateral triscolopidial chordotonal organ of the embryonic/larval prothorax (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). FlyBase:FBrf0041814 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002075 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002076 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002077 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002078 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002079 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002080 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002081 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002082 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002083 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002084 Segmental nerve of the prothoracic segment. SN prothoracic posterior fascicle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002085 Segmental nerve of the prothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002086 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002087 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002088 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002089 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002090 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002091 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002092 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002093 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002094 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002095 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002096 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002097 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 A multidendritic neuron of the ventral cluster sensory cluster of the larval prothoracic segment. There are four of these per cluster, all of which have axons that fasciculate with the prothoracic segmental nerve. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002098 A multidendritic neuron of the ventral cluster sensory cluster of the larval prothoracic segment. There are four of these per cluster, all of which have axons that fasciculate with the prothoracic segmental nerve. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002099 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002100 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002101 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002102 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002103 Intersegmental nerve of the mesothoracic segment. ISN mesothoracic anterior fascicle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002104 Intersegmental nerve of the mesothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002105 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002106 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002107 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002108 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002109 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002110 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002111 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002112 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002113 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 Sensory neuron innervating the mesothoracic lateral Kolbchen of the embryo/larva (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002114 Sensory neuron innervating the mesothoracic lateral Kolbchen of the embryo/larva (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). FlyBase:FBrf0045359 FlyBase:FBrf0046281 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002115 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002116 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002117 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002118 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002119 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002120 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002121 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002122 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002123 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002124 Segmental nerve of the mesothoracic segment. SN mesothoracic posterior fascicle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002125 Segmental nerve of the mesothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002126 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002127 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002128 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002129 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002130 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002131 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 V'es3 neuron of the mesothoracic segment. It is located dorsal to the v'esB neuron. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002132 V'es3 neuron of the mesothoracic segment. It is located dorsal to the v'esB neuron. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription0.html . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002133 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002134 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002135 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 A multidendritic neuron of the ventral cluster sensory cluster of the larval mesothoracic segment. There are four of these per cluster, all of which have axons that fasciculate with the mesothoracic segmental nerve. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002136 A multidendritic neuron of the ventral cluster sensory cluster of the larval mesothoracic segment. There are four of these per cluster, all of which have axons that fasciculate with the mesothoracic segmental nerve. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002137 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002138 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002139 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002140 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002141 Intersegmental nerve of the metathoracic segment. ISN metathoracic anterior fascicle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002142 Intersegmental nerve of the metathoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002143 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002144 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002145 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002146 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002147 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002148 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002149 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002150 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002151 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 Sensory neuron innervating the metathoracic lateral Kolbchen of the embryo/larva (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002152 Sensory neuron innervating the metathoracic lateral Kolbchen of the embryo/larva (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). FlyBase:FBrf0045359 FlyBase:FBrf0046281 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002153 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002154 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002155 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002156 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002157 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002158 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002159 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002160 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002161 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002162 Segmental nerve of the metathoracic segment. SN metathoracic posterior fascicle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002163 Maybe - segmental nerve. Segmental nerve of the metathoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002164 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002165 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002166 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002167 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002168 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002169 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 V'es3 neuron of the metathoracic segment. It is located dorsal to the v'esB neuron. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002170 V'es3 neuron of the metathoracic segment. It is located dorsal to the v'esB neuron. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription0.html . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002171 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002172 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002173 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 A multidendritic neuron of the ventral cluster sensory cluster of the larval metathoracic segment. There are four of these per cluster, all of which have axons that fasciculate with the metathoracic segmental nerve. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002174 A multidendritic neuron of the ventral cluster sensory cluster of the larval metathoracic segment. There are four of these per cluster, all of which have axons that fasciculate with the metathoracic segmental nerve. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002175 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002176 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002177 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002178 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002179 . FlyBase:FBrf0054490 Abdominal transverse nerve that exits the ventral nerve cord at a dorsomedial position, splits into a left and right branch and extends ventrally along the segment boundary (Gorczyca et al., 1994). Formed by the axons of the abdominal abdominal intersegmental bidendritic neuron (isbp) and the abdominal intersegmental trachea-associated neuron (istd) (Campos-Ortega, J.A., Hartenstein, V.,1997). TN fly_anatomy.ontology segment boundary nerve FBbt:00002180 The three more anterior TN's split into two branches right after exiting the ventral midline; the TN's of segments 5-8 diverge more distally. Abdominal transverse nerve that exits the ventral nerve cord at a dorsomedial position, splits into a left and right branch and extends ventrally along the segment boundary (Gorczyca et al., 1994). Formed by the axons of the abdominal abdominal intersegmental bidendritic neuron (isbp) and the abdominal intersegmental trachea-associated neuron (istd) (Campos-Ortega, J.A., Hartenstein, V.,1997). FlyBase:FBrf0075005 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 TN FlyBase:FBrf0075005 Bipolar multidendritic neuron in the lateral sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. Located at the anterior segment boundary, it emits two long dendritic branches along the segment border muscle (muscle 8) (Williams and Shepherd, 1999). FBbt:00007425 abdominal intersegmental bidendritic neuron isbd abdominal lateral bipolar neuron lbd intersegmental bipolar neuron isbp lateral bipolar md neuron ldb fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002181 Bipolar multidendritic neuron in the lateral sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. Located at the anterior segment boundary, it emits two long dendritic branches along the segment border muscle (muscle 8) (Williams and Shepherd, 1999). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0108300 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#lbd abdominal intersegmental bidendritic neuron isbd FlyBase:FBrf0089570 isbp FlyBase:FBrf0089570 lateral bipolar md neuron http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#lbd abdominal 1 intersegmental bidendritic neuron isbd fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002182 abdominal 1 intersegmental bidendritic neuron isbd FlyBase:FBrf0089570 abdominal 2 intersegmental bidendritic neuron isbd fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002183 abdominal 2 intersegmental bidendritic neuron isbd FlyBase:FBrf0089570 abdominal 3 intersegmental bidendritic neuron isbd fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002184 abdominal 3 intersegmental bidendritic neuron isbd FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal 4 intersegmental bidendritic neuron isbd FBbt:00002185 abdominal 4 intersegmental bidendritic neuron isbd FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal 5 intersegmental bidendritic neuron isbd FBbt:00002186 abdominal 5 intersegmental bidendritic neuron isbd FlyBase:FBrf0089570 abdominal 6 intersegmental bidendritic neuron isbd fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002187 abdominal 6 intersegmental bidendritic neuron isbd FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal 7 intersegmental bidendritic neuron isbd FBbt:00002188 abdominal 7 intersegmental bidendritic neuron isbd FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Trachea associated multidendritic neuron located anteriorly in the lateral sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. fly_anatomy.ontology ltd FBbt:00002189 Referred to by Bodmer and Jan, 1987, and FlyPNS as ltd. Confusingly, Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, use the name ltd to refer to a different multi-dendritic neuron, ldaB. Trachea associated multidendritic neuron located anteriorly in the lateral sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. FlyBase:FBrf0047289 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#ltd ltd FlyBase:FBrf0047289 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#ltd fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002190 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002191 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002192 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002193 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002194 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002195 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002196 Segmental nerve found in the abdominal segments of the embryo/larva. FBbt:00002450 SN abdominal posterior fascicle abdominal segmental nerve SNa SNb SNc SNd fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002197 Segmental nerve found in the abdominal segments of the embryo/larva. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Motor neuron located in an abdominal segment of the embryo/larva. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002198 Motor neuron located in an abdominal segment of the embryo/larva. FBC:SPR FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002199 . FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002200 . FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002201 . FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002202 . FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002203 . FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002204 . FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002205 . FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002206 . FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002207 . FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002208 . FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002209 . FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002210 . FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002211 . FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002212 . FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002213 . FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002214 . FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002215 . FlyBase:FBrf0053781 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002216 . FlyBase:FBrf0053781 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002217 . FlyBase:FBrf0053781 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002218 . FlyBase:FBrf0053781 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002219 . FlyBase:FBrf0053781 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002220 . FlyBase:FBrf0053781 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002221 . FlyBase:FBrf0053781 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002222 . FlyBase:FBrf0053781 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002223 . FlyBase:FBrf0053781 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002224 . FlyBase:FBrf0053781 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002225 . FlyBase:FBrf0053781 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002226 . FlyBase:FBrf0053781 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002227 . FlyBase:FBrf0053781 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002228 . FlyBase:FBrf0053781 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002229 . FlyBase:FBrf0053781 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002230 . FlyBase:FBrf0053781 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002231 . FlyBase:FBrf0053781 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002232 . FlyBase:FBrf0053781 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002233 . FlyBase:FBrf0053781 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002234 . FlyBase:FBrf0053781 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002235 . FlyBase:FBrf0053781 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002236 . FlyBase:FBrf0053781 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002237 . FlyBase:FBrf0053781 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002238 . FlyBase:FBrf0053781 FlyBase:FBrf0064795 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002239 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002240 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002241 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002242 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002243 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002244 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002245 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002246 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002247 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002248 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002249 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002250 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002251 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002252 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002253 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002254 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002255 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002256 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002257 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002258 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002259 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002260 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002261 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002262 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002263 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002264 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002265 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002266 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002267 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002268 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002269 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002270 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002271 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002272 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002273 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002274 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002275 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002276 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002277 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002278 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002279 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002280 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002281 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002282 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002283 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002284 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002285 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002286 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002287 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002288 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002289 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002290 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002291 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002292 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002293 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002294 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002295 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002296 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002297 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002298 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002299 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002300 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002301 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002302 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002303 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002304 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002305 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002306 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002307 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002308 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002309 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002310 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002311 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002312 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002313 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002314 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002315 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002316 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002317 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002318 fly_anatomy.ontology ISN abdominal anterior fascicle FBbt:00002319 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002320 Sensory neuron associated either with abdominal dorsal sensillum trichodeum dh1 or with abdominal dorsal sensillum trichodeum dh2. Fasciculates with the intersegmental nerve (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). b+st des2 desA2 desB dh2 h4 fly_anatomy.ontology sensory hair F FBbt:00002321 From the current literature on abdominal desA and desB neurons (02/2010), it is not clear whether dh1 (the smaller, anteriorly located abdominal dorsal sensillum trichodeum) is innervated by desA or desB. Similarly with dh2 (the larger abdominal dorsal sensillum trichodeum). sr110210. Sensory neuron associated either with abdominal dorsal sensillum trichodeum dh1 or with abdominal dorsal sensillum trichodeum dh2. Fasciculates with the intersegmental nerve (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#dh1 b+st http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html des2 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html desA2 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html desB http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#dh1 dh2 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#dh1 h4 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#dh1 sensory hair F http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002322 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002323 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002324 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002325 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002326 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002327 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002328 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 Sensory neuron associated either with abdominal dorsal sensillum trichodeum dh1 or with abdominal dorsal sensillum trichodeum dh2. Fasciculates with the intersegmental nerve (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). b+st desA dh1 sensory hair F fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002329 From the current literature on abdominal desA and desB neurons (02/2010), it is not clear whether dh1 (the smaller, anteriorly located abdominal dorsal sensillum trichodeum) is innervated by desA or desB. Similarly with dh2 (the larger abdominal dorsal sensillum trichodeum). sr110210. Sensory neuron associated either with abdominal dorsal sensillum trichodeum dh1 or with abdominal dorsal sensillum trichodeum dh2. Fasciculates with the intersegmental nerve (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#dh1 b+st http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#dh1 desA http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#dh1 dh1 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#dh1 sensory hair F http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#dh1 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002330 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002331 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002332 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002333 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002334 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002335 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002336 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 Sensory neuron of abdominal dorsal sensillum campaniformium dc1. Fasciculates with the intersegmental nerve (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). dc1 dp1 p8 s fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002337 Sensory neuron of abdominal dorsal sensillum campaniformium dc1. Fasciculates with the intersegmental nerve (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#dp1 dc1 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#dp1 dp1 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#dp1 p8 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#dp1 s http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#dp1 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002338 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002339 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002340 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002341 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002342 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002343 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002344 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 Sensory neuron of abdominal dorsal sensillum campaniformium dc2. Fasciculates with the intersegmental nerve (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). b dp2 p9 fly_anatomy.ontology dc2 FBbt:00002345 Sensory neuron of abdominal dorsal sensillum campaniformium dc2. Fasciculates with the intersegmental nerve (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#dp2 b http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html dp2 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html p9 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html dc2 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002346 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002347 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002348 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002349 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002350 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002351 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002352 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 Sensory neuron of abdominal lateral sensillum trichodeum lh2. Fasciculates with the intersegmental nerve (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). b h1 lh2 sensory hair C fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002353 Sensory neuron of abdominal lateral sensillum trichodeum lh2. Fasciculates with the intersegmental nerve (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html b http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html h1 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html lh2 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html sensory hair C http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002354 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002355 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002356 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002357 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002358 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002359 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002360 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 Sensory neuron of abdominal lateral sensillum campaniformium lc1. Fasciculates with the intersegmental nerve (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). lc1 lp2 p7 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002361 Sensory neuron of abdominal lateral sensillum campaniformium lc1. Fasciculates with the intersegmental nerve (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#lp2 lc1 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#lp2 lp2 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#lp2 p7 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#lp2 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002362 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002363 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002364 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002365 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002366 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002367 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002368 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 Sensory neuron of abdominal lateral sensillum trichodeum lh1. Fasciculates with the intersegmental nerve (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). H h2 lh1 shC fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002369 Sensory neuron of abdominal lateral sensillum trichodeum lh1. Fasciculates with the intersegmental nerve (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#lh1 H http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#lh1 h2 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#lh1 lh1 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#lh1 shC http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#lh1 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002370 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002371 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002372 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002373 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002374 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002375 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002376 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002378 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002379 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002380 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002381 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002382 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002383 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002384 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002385 Multidendritic neuron in the dorsal sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. Based on its dendritic pattern, it is a class III dendritic arborizing neuron. dmd5 dmd6 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002386 Multidendritic neuron in the dorsal sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. Based on its dendritic pattern, it is a class III dendritic arborizing neuron. FlyBase:FBrf0080250 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#ddaA http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002387 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002388 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002389 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002390 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002391 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002392 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002393 Multidendritic neuron in the dorsal sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. Based on its dendritic pattern, it is a class II dendritic arborizing neuron. dmd6 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002394 Multidendritic neuron in the dorsal sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. Based on its dendritic pattern, it is a class II dendritic arborizing neuron. FlyBase:FBrf0080250 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#ddaB http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002395 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002396 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002397 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002398 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002399 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002400 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002401 Multidendritic neuron in the dorsal sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. Based on its dendritic pattern, it is a class IV dendritic arborizing neuron. ddaF fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002402 Multidendritic neuron in the dorsal sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. Based on its dendritic pattern, it is a class IV dendritic arborizing neuron. FlyBase:FBrf0080250 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#ddaC http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html ddaF http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002403 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002404 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002405 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002406 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002407 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002408 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002409 Multidendritic neuron in the dorsal sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. Based on its dendritic pattern, it is a class I dendritic arborizing neuron. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002410 Multidendritic neuron in the dorsal sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. Based on its dendritic pattern, it is a class I dendritic arborizing neuron. FlyBase:FBrf0080250 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#ddaD http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002411 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002412 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002413 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002414 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002415 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002416 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002417 Multidendritic neuron in the dorsal sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. Based on its dendritic pattern, it is a class I dendritic arborizing neuron. dda1 fly_anatomy.ontology dmd1 FBbt:00002418 Multidendritic neuron in the dorsal sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. Based on its dendritic pattern, it is a class I dendritic arborizing neuron. FlyBase:FBrf0080250 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#ddaE http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html dda1 FlyBase:FBrf0137018 dmd1 FlyBase:FBrf0157166 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002419 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002420 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002421 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002422 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002423 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002424 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002425 Multidendritic neuron in the lateral sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. Its dendrites harbour long primary and secondary branches with many spiked protrusions (1-20um) along most of their length. FBbt:00002036 fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal lateral multidendritic neuron ltd ltd FBbt:00002426 Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, have this labelled as a tracheal dendritic neuron 'ltd' - but analysis in Grueber et al., 2002, shows this to be a class III da neuron. The name ltd is also sometimes used as a synonym for istd, an unrelated tracheal dendritic neuron found near the anterior segment boundary of A1-7. Multidendritic neuron in the lateral sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. Its dendrites harbour long primary and secondary branches with many spiked protrusions (1-20um) along most of their length. FlyBase:FBrf0148966 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#ldaB abdominal lateral multidendritic neuron ltd FlyBase:FBrf0089570 ltd FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal 1 lateral multidendritic neuron ltd FBbt:00002427 Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, have this labelled as a tracheal dendritic neuron 'ltd' - but analysis in Grueber et al., 2002, shows this to be a class III da neuron. The name ltd is also sometimes used as a synonym for istd, an unrelated tracheal dendritic neuron found near the anterior segment boundary of A1-7. abdominal 1 lateral multidendritic neuron ltd FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal 2 lateral multidendritic neuron ltd FBbt:00002428 Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, have this labeled as a tracheal dendritic neuron 'td' - but analysis in Grueber et al., 2002, shows this to be a class III da neuron. abdominal 2 lateral multidendritic neuron ltd FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal 3 lateral multidendritic neuron ltd FBbt:00002429 Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, have this labeled as a tracheal dendritic neuron 'td' - but analysis in Grueber et al., 2002, shows this to be a class III da neuron. abdominal 3 lateral multidendritic neuron ltd FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal 4 lateral multidendritic neuron ltd FBbt:00002430 Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, have this labeled as a tracheal dendritic neuron 'td' - but analysis in Grueber et al., 2002, shows this to be a class III da neuron. abdominal 4 lateral multidendritic neuron ltd FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal 5 lateral multidendritic neuron ltd FBbt:00002431 Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, have this labeled as a tracheal dendritic neuron 'td' - but analysis in Grueber et al., 2002, shows this to be a class III da neuron. abdominal 5 lateral multidendritic neuron ltd FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal 6 lateral multidendritic neuron ltd FBbt:00002432 Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, have this labeled as a tracheal dendritic neuron 'td' - but analysis in Grueber et al., 2002, shows this to be a class III da neuron. abdominal 6 lateral multidendritic neuron ltd FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal 7 lateral multidendritic neuron ltd FBbt:00002433 Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, have this labeled as a tracheal dendritic neuron 'td' - but analysis in Grueber et al., 2002, shows this to be a class III da neuron. abdominal 7 lateral multidendritic neuron ltd FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Multidendritic neuron in the lateral sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. Based on its dendritic pattern, it is a class II dendritic arborizing neuron. FBbt:00002035 lda fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal lateral multidendritic neuron lda FBbt:00002434 Disambiguation - there is a multidendritic neuron of the lateral sensory cluster of T2 and T3 with the name ldaA (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997), but this likely reflects a naming coincidence rather than indicating they should be classified with the ldaA neurons of A1-7. Multidendritic neuron in the lateral sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. Based on its dendritic pattern, it is a class II dendritic arborizing neuron. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0148966 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#ldaA lda FlyBase:FBrf0089570 abdominal lateral multidendritic neuron lda FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal 1 lateral multidendritic neuron lda FBbt:00002435 abdominal 1 lateral multidendritic neuron lda FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal 2 lateral multidendritic neuron lda FBbt:00002436 abdominal 2 lateral multidendritic neuron lda FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal 3 lateral multidendritic neuron lda FBbt:00002437 abdominal 3 lateral multidendritic neuron lda FlyBase:FBrf0089570 . fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal 4 lateral multidendritic neuron lda FBbt:00002438 . FlyBase:FBrf0148966 abdominal 4 lateral multidendritic neuron lda FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal 5 lateral multidendritic neuron lda FBbt:00002439 abdominal 5 lateral multidendritic neuron lda FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal 6 lateral multidendritic neuron lda FBbt:00002440 abdominal 6 lateral multidendritic neuron lda FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal 7 lateral multidendritic neuron lda FBbt:00002441 abdominal 7 lateral multidendritic neuron lda FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Bipolar multidendritic neuron in the dorsal sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. It emits two longitudinal dendritic branches along dorsal acute muscle 3 (Williams and Shepherd, 1999), and fasciculates with the intersegmental nerve (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). dbd dorsal bipolar neuron fly_anatomy.ontology DLN FBbt:00002442 The function of these neurons is not clear and they do not seem to innervate any particular structure. The two dorsal longitudinal dendrites may be joined between segments and establish the dorsal longitudinal nerve, DLN (Bodmer et al., 1989) (Smith and Shepherd, 1996). Bipolar multidendritic neuron in the dorsal sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. It emits two longitudinal dendritic branches along dorsal acute muscle 3 (Williams and Shepherd, 1999), and fasciculates with the intersegmental nerve (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0050677 FlyBase:FBrf0085956 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0108300 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#dbd dbd http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#dbd dorsal bipolar neuron FlyBase:FBrf0089570 DLN FlyBase:FBrf0050677 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002443 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002444 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002445 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002446 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002447 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002448 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002449 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002451 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002452 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002453 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002454 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002455 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002456 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002457 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002458 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002459 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 Neuron of abdominal ventral monoscolopidial chordotonal organ vch1. Fasciculates in branch c of the segmental nerve, SNc (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). vchA neuron fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002460 Neuron of abdominal ventral monoscolopidial chordotonal organ vch1. Fasciculates in branch c of the segmental nerve, SNc (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vch1 vchA neuron http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature0.html fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002461 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002462 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002463 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002464 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002465 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002466 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002467 Sensory neuron of vc1. Fasciculates in branch c of the segmental nerve, SNc (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). fly_anatomy.ontology p1 vc1 vp1 FBbt:00002468 Sensory neuron of vc1. Fasciculates in branch c of the segmental nerve, SNc (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vc1 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002469 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002470 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002471 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002472 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002473 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002474 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002475 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 Sensory neuron of vc2. Fasciculates in branch c of the segmental nerve, SNc (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). p2 vc2 vp2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002476 Sensory neuron of vc2. Fasciculates in branch c of the segmental nerve, SNc (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vc2 p2 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vp2 vc2 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html vp2 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002477 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002478 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002479 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002480 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002481 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002482 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002483 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 Sensory neuron of vc3. Fasciculates in branch c of the segmental nerve, SNc (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). p3 vc3 vp3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002484 Sensory neuron of vc3. Fasciculates in branch c of the segmental nerve, SNc (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vc3 p3 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html vc3 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html vp3 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002485 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002486 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002487 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002488 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002489 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002490 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002491 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 Sensory neuron of vc4. Fasciculates in branch b of the segmental nerve, SNb (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). p4 vc4 vp4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002492 Sensory neuron of vc4. Fasciculates in branch b of the segmental nerve, SNb (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 p4 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html vc4 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html vp4 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002493 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002494 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002495 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002496 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002497 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002498 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002499 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 Sensory neuron of vc5. Fasciculates in branch b of the segmental nerve, SNb (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). p5 vc4a vp4a fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002500 Sensory neuron of vc5. Fasciculates in branch b of the segmental nerve, SNb (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vp4a p5 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html vc4a http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html vp4a http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002501 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002502 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002503 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002504 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002505 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002506 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002507 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 Sensory neuron of v'es2. Fasciculates in branch a of the segmental nerve, SNa (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). p6 vc5 vp5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002508 Disambiguation: Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, name v'es2 as innervating papilla vp5. Due to possible confusion with synonyms of other PNS members (such as vp4a which has the synonym of vc5), we have adopted the terminology used by FlyPNS (http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html). Sensory neuron of v'es2. Fasciculates in branch a of the segmental nerve, SNa (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vp5 p6 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vp5 vc5 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vp5 vp5 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vp5 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002509 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002510 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002511 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002512 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002513 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002514 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002515 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002516 . FlyBase:FBrf0045359 Multidendritic neuron in the anterior ventral sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. Based on its dendritic pattern, it is a class IV dendritic arborizing neuron. v'ada vmd4a fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002517 Multidendritic neuron in the anterior ventral sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. Based on its dendritic pattern, it is a class IV dendritic arborizing neuron. http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vmd4a v'ada http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vmd4a vmd4a http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vmd4a fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002518 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002519 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002520 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002521 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002522 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002523 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002524 Class I dendritic arborizing neuron of larval segments A1-7. Its cell body is located in the ventral cluster of sense organs and is the most posteriorly located of the multidendritic neurons found in these segments. Fasciculates in branch c of the abdominal segmental nerve, SNc (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). vpda fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002525 Campos Ortega and Hartenstein (1997) state in one place that this neuron fasciculates with SNc and elsewhere that it fasciculates with SNa. It seems unlikely to do both, so have gone with SNc on the basis of the relevant figures. Class I dendritic arborizing neuron of larval segments A1-7. Its cell body is located in the ventral cluster of sense organs and is the most posteriorly located of the multidendritic neurons found in these segments. Fasciculates in branch c of the abdominal segmental nerve, SNc (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0148966 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vdap http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSorganization0.html vpda FlyBase:FBrf0148966 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature0.html fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002526 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002527 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002528 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002529 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002530 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002531 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002532 Multidendritic neuron in the ventral sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. Based on its dendritic pattern, it is a class III dendritic arborizing neuron. FBbt:00002061 vdap vpda ventral multidendritic neuron v'dap fly_anatomy.ontology v'pda FBbt:00002533 Multidendritic neuron in the ventral sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. Based on its dendritic pattern, it is a class III dendritic arborizing neuron. http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vppda vdap http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html#Swe2002 vpda http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html#Swe2002 v'pda http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vppda fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002534 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002535 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002536 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002537 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002538 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002539 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002540 Multidendritic neuron in the ventral sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. Based on its dendritic pattern, it is a class I dendritic arborizing neuron. vdaD vmd4 vmd5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002541 Multidendritic neuron in the ventral sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. Based on its dendritic pattern, it is a class I dendritic arborizing neuron. FlyBase:FBrf0148966 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vmd4 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html#Swe2002 vdaD http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html#Swe2002 vmd4 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html#Swe2002 vmd5 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html#Swe2002 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002542 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002543 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002544 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002545 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002546 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002547 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002548 Multidendritic neuron in the ventral sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. Based on its dendritic pattern, it is a class IV dendritic arborizing neuron. vmd1a vmd5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002549 Multidendritic neuron in the ventral sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. Based on its dendritic pattern, it is a class IV dendritic arborizing neuron. http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vmd1a http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html#Swe2002 vmd1a http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vmd1a vmd5 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html#Swe2002 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002550 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002551 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002552 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002553 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002554 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002555 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002556 Class II dendritic arborizing neuron of larval segments A1-7. Its cell body is located in the ventral cluster of sense organs within the vmd5 group. vmd5 vmd2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002557 Class II dendritic arborizing neuron of larval segments A1-7. Its cell body is located in the ventral cluster of sense organs within the vmd5 group. FlyBase:FBrf0148966 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vmd2 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSorganization0.html vmd5 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSorganization0.html vmd2 FlyBase:FBrf0151928 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002558 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002559 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002560 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002561 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002562 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002563 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002564 Class III dendritic arborizing neuron of larval segments A1-7. Its cell body is located in the ventral cluster of sense organs within the vmd5 group. vdaA vmd5 vmd1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002565 Class III dendritic arborizing neuron of larval segments A1-7. Its cell body is located in the ventral cluster of sense organs within the vmd5 group. http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vmd1 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSorganization0.html vdaA http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html vmd5 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature0.html vmd1 FlyBase:FBrf0151928 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002566 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002567 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002568 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002569 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002571 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002572 Tracheal associated multidendritic neuron of the ventral cluster of segments A1-7. Unlike other sensory neurons of the abdominal segments, it and vtd2 do not project their neurons within the segment where they originate but project more anteriorly up to segment T3 where they cross the midline. FBbt:00002059 ventral multidendritic neuron vtd1 fly_anatomy.ontology v'td2 FBbt:00002573 Tracheal associated multidendritic neuron of the ventral cluster of segments A1-7. Unlike other sensory neurons of the abdominal segments, it and vtd2 do not project their neurons within the segment where they originate but project more anteriorly up to segment T3 where they cross the midline. FlyBase:FBrf0080250 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vtd1 v'td2 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002574 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002575 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002576 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002577 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002578 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002579 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002580 Tracheal associated multidendritic neuron of the ventral cluster of segments A1-7. Unlike other sensory neurons of the abdominal segments, it and vtd1 do not project their neurons within the segment where they originate but project more anteriorly up to segment T3 where they cross the midline. FBbt:00002060 ventral multidendritic neuron vtd2 fly_anatomy.ontology v'td2 FBbt:00002581 Tracheal associated multidendritic neuron of the ventral cluster of segments A1-7. Unlike other sensory neurons of the abdominal segments, it and vtd1 do not project their neurons within the segment where they originate but project more anteriorly up to segment T3 where they cross the midline. FlyBase:FBrf0080250 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vtd2 v'td2 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vtd2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002582 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002583 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002584 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002585 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002586 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002587 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002588 Bipolar multidendritic neuron in the ventral sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. It emits two dendritic branches along the anterior posterior axis. vbd fly_anatomy.ontology vmd3 FBbt:00002589 FlyPNS cites Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, (1997), as using the name 'vbd' for abdominal ventral neuron 'vbp'. Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, (1997), only use 'vbd' as a name for a neuron found in thoracic segments, and use 'vbp' for the neuron identified with FlyPNS' vmd3. sr120210. Bipolar multidendritic neuron in the ventral sensory cluster of larval abdominal segments 1-7. It emits two dendritic branches along the anterior posterior axis. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vmd3 vbd http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vmd3 vmd3 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vmd3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002590 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002591 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002592 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002593 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002594 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002595 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002596 fly_anatomy.ontology dorsal nerve FBbt:00002597 fly_anatomy.ontology dorsal nerve FBbt:00002598 fly_anatomy.ontology dorsal nerve FBbt:00002599 fly_anatomy.ontology dorsal nerve FBbt:00002600 fly_anatomy.ontology dorsal nerve FBbt:00002601 fly_anatomy.ontology dorsal nerve FBbt:00002602 fly_anatomy.ontology dorsal nerve FBbt:00002603 fly_anatomy.ontology dorsal nerve FBbt:00002604 fly_anatomy.ontology dorsal nerve FBbt:00002605 Nerve of larval abdominal segment 8. This nerve has three roots, two of which are in positions corresponding the roots of the segmental and intersegmental nerves in A1-7. It follows a path similar to that of the nerve of larval abdominal segment 9, which contains some fibers that originate in the roots of the A8 nerve. It carries motor neurons that innervate the ventral longitudinal and lateral transverse muscles of A8. It also carries sensory afferents from the spiracular hairs and from the following A8 sensilla: DMSOp, ALSOp, lch3, DMSOh. abdominal 8 intersegmental nerve larval abdominal 8 nerve fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002606 Nerve of larval abdominal segment 8. This nerve has three roots, two of which are in positions corresponding the roots of the segmental and intersegmental nerves in A1-7. It follows a path similar to that of the nerve of larval abdominal segment 9, which contains some fibers that originate in the roots of the A8 nerve. It carries motor neurons that innervate the ventral longitudinal and lateral transverse muscles of A8. It also carries sensory afferents from the spiracular hairs and from the following A8 sensilla: DMSOp, ALSOp, lch3, DMSOh. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002607 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002608 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002609 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002610 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002611 Sensory neuron whose dendrite innervates spiracular sensillum trichodeum 1. sso fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002612 Sensory neuron whose dendrite innervates spiracular sensillum trichodeum 1. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 sso FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Sensory neuron whose dendrite innervates spiracular sensillum trichodeum 2. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002613 Sensory neuron whose dendrite innervates spiracular sensillum trichodeum 2. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002614 . FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002615 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002616 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002617 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002618 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002619 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002620 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002621 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002622 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002623 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002624 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002625 Sensory neuron of the embryonic/larval 10th abdominal segment. It lies ventral to the anal pad. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002626 Sensory neuron of the embryonic/larval 10th abdominal segment. It lies ventral to the anal pad. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002627 A group of small, interconnected ganglia situated posterior to and between the two brain hemispheres and associated with the pharynx, esophagus, proventriculus and dorsal pouch. larval stomatogastric nervous system fly_anatomy.ontology stomodeal nervous system FBbt:00002628 A group of small, interconnected ganglia situated posterior to and between the two brain hemispheres and associated with the pharynx, esophagus, proventriculus and dorsal pouch. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A small ganglion of the larval stomatogastric nervous system. It consists of approximately 25-30 neurons that form a U-shaped ganglion wedged between the anterior aspect of the brain hemispheres and the dorsal pharynx. The somata of the neurons surround a sparse neuropil domain and are enclosed in a glial sheath. Lateral projections from these neurons form the frontal connective. Medial projections that turn anteriorly on reaching the midline form the frontal nerve. Medial projections that turn posteriorly on reaching the midline form the recurrent nerve. larval frontal ganglion fly_anatomy.ontology parapharyngeal ganglion FBbt:00002629 A small ganglion of the larval stomatogastric nervous system. It consists of approximately 25-30 neurons that form a U-shaped ganglion wedged between the anterior aspect of the brain hemispheres and the dorsal pharynx. The somata of the neurons surround a sparse neuropil domain and are enclosed in a glial sheath. Lateral projections from these neurons form the frontal connective. Medial projections that turn anteriorly on reaching the midline form the frontal nerve. Medial projections that turn posteriorly on reaching the midline form the recurrent nerve. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Larval nerve that travels in the median cleft between the dorsal pharyngeal muscles (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). It connects the tritocerebrum and the frontal ganglion. frontal nerve fly_anatomy.ontology FrN FBbt:00002630 Larval nerve that travels in the median cleft between the dorsal pharyngeal muscles (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). It connects the tritocerebrum and the frontal ganglion. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Larval nerve connecting the frontal ganglion to the hypocerebral and paraesophageal ganglia. It contains approximately 50 neuronal projections and is surrounded by flattened cells - probably glia. recurrens nerve fly_anatomy.ontology RcN recurrent nerve FBbt:00002631 Larval nerve connecting the frontal ganglion to the hypocerebral and paraesophageal ganglia. It contains approximately 50 neuronal projections and is surrounded by flattened cells - probably glia. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 recurrens nerve FlyBase:FBrf0104745 Small ganglion of the larval stomatogastric nervous system located on the left hand side of the larva, between the two brain hemispheres, behind the supraesophageal commissure. It is more compact than the paraesophageal ganglion and occupies a more dorsal position. larval hypocerebral ganglion fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002632 Small ganglion of the larval stomatogastric nervous system located on the left hand side of the larva, between the two brain hemispheres, behind the supraesophageal commissure. It is more compact than the paraesophageal ganglion and occupies a more dorsal position. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Esophageal ganglion of the embryonic/larval brain. It is composed of a row of cells apposed to the esophagus and, from a dorsal perspective, it lies to the left of esophageal ganglion 2. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002633 Esophageal ganglion of the embryonic/larval brain. It is composed of a row of cells apposed to the esophagus and, from a dorsal perspective, it lies to the left of esophageal ganglion 2. FlyBase:FBrf0075001 Esophageal ganglion of the embryonic/larval brain. It is formed by a group of cells connected through the proventricular nerve to the proventricular ganglion. From a dorsal perspective, it lies to the right of esophageal ganglion 1. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002634 Esophageal ganglion of the embryonic/larval brain. It is formed by a group of cells connected through the proventricular nerve to the proventricular ganglion. From a dorsal perspective, it lies to the right of esophageal ganglion 1. FlyBase:FBrf0075001 Small ganglion of the embryonic/larval stomatogastric nervous system located on the right hand side of the larva, between the two brain hemispheres, behind the supraesophageal commissure. It is elongated, less compact than the hypoesophageal ganglion and occupies a more ventral position, closely attached to the esophageal wall. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002635 Small ganglion of the embryonic/larval stomatogastric nervous system located on the right hand side of the larva, between the two brain hemispheres, behind the supraesophageal commissure. It is elongated, less compact than the hypoesophageal ganglion and occupies a more ventral position, closely attached to the esophageal wall. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002636 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002637 A cluster of about 10 neurons whose somata are associated with the embryonic/larval proventriculus. Short axons projecting posteriorly from this structure fan out over the surface of the proventriculus. larval ventricular ganglion fly_anatomy.ontology proventricular ganglion FBbt:00002638 A cluster of about 10 neurons whose somata are associated with the embryonic/larval proventriculus. Short axons projecting posteriorly from this structure fan out over the surface of the proventriculus. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 larval sense organ fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002639 A cluster of sense organs on a protuberance on either side of the anterior tip of the larval head. It contains the dorsal organ, the terminal organ and the ventral organ. fly_anatomy.ontology antennomaxillary complex FBbt:00002640 A cluster of sense organs on a protuberance on either side of the anterior tip of the larval head. It contains the dorsal organ, the terminal organ and the ventral organ. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Innervated cuticular specialization just inside the larval mouth. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002641 Maybe - epipharyngeal sense organ. Innervated cuticular specialization just inside the larval mouth. FlyBase:FBrf0034076 larval ocular segment sensillum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002642 Papilla of the dorso-lateral group of sensilla of the terminal organ. It is located more medial than the dorsolateral papilla. dorso-medial papilla fly_anatomy.ontology dmp dorsomedial papilla of the maxillary sense organ internal dorsal fold sensillum FBbt:00002644 Schmidt-Ott et al., (1994), places this in the ocular segment (roughly equivalent to acron). Jurgens et al., (1986), explain that the DLP and DMP are considered to be of different origins to the other 7 papillae of the terminal organ/MxSO because their axons do not join the maxillary nerve and they are found in different locations in certain homeotic mutants. Papilla of the dorso-lateral group of sensilla of the terminal organ. It is located more medial than the dorsolateral papilla. FlyBase:FBrf0045366 FlyBase:FBrf0075072 FlyBase:FBrf0103263 fly_anatomy.ontology DFM1 FBbt:00002645 fly_anatomy.ontology DFM2 FBbt:00002646 fly_anatomy.ontology DFM3 FBbt:00002647 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002648 FBbt:00002650 larval labral segment sense organ fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002649 Monoscolopidial chordotonal organ located immediately posterior to the dorsal pharyngeal organ. Its neuron fasciculates with the labral nerve. fly_anatomy.ontology pch1 FBbt:00002651 Monoscolopidial chordotonal organ located immediately posterior to the dorsal pharyngeal organ. Its neuron fasciculates with the labral nerve. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Sensillum innervated by 3 neurons, located just posterior to the epiphysis (lso). dpo fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002652 Part relation to labral segment from Schmidt-Ott et al., 1994. Sensillum innervated by 3 neurons, located just posterior to the epiphysis (lso). FlyBase:FBrf0075072 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 larval antennal segment sensillum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002654 An external compound sense organ of the antenno-maxillary complex of the larval head consisting of a dome shaped cuticular process, innervated by seven circularly arranged triplets of olfactory receptor neuron dendrites. Six small papillae surround the base of the central dome. do fly_anatomy.ontology antennal element antennales Organ larval antennal sense organ FBbt:00002655 An external compound sense organ of the antenno-maxillary complex of the larval head consisting of a dome shaped cuticular process, innervated by seven circularly arranged triplets of olfactory receptor neuron dendrites. Six small papillae surround the base of the central dome. FlyBase:FBrf0074007 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0201176 Small papilla at the base of the central dome sensillum of the dorsal organ. There are 6 of these, all bi-innervated except for one which is mono-innervated. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002656 Small papilla at the base of the central dome sensillum of the dorsal organ. There are 6 of these, all bi-innervated except for one which is mono-innervated. FlyBase:FBrf0074007 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002657 . FlyBase:FBrf0074007 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002658 . FlyBase:FBrf0074007 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002659 . FlyBase:FBrf0074007 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002660 . FlyBase:FBrf0074007 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002661 . FlyBase:FBrf0074007 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002662 . FlyBase:FBrf0074007 Chordotonal organ with a single scolopidium. fly_anatomy.ontology ch1 FBbt:00002663 Chordotonal organ with a single scolopidium. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002664 Multiply innervated sensillum, composed of an anterior and a posterior sensillum, located on the floor of the larval pharynx. It is innervated by 3 or 4 neurons whose axons join an anteriorly directed bundle that joins the labral nerve. fly_anatomy.ontology Organ X PPS X-organ of Keilin hpo larval pharyngeal sense organ posterior pharyngeal sensilla FBbt:00002665 Multiply innervated sensillum, composed of an anterior and a posterior sensillum, located on the floor of the larval pharynx. It is innervated by 3 or 4 neurons whose axons join an anteriorly directed bundle that joins the labral nerve. FlyBase:FBrf0045366 FlyBase:FBrf0074007 FlyBase:FBrf0075072 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 PPS FlyBase:FBrf0147119 posterior pharyngeal sensilla FlyBase:FBrf0147119 One of a group of three sensilla in the anterior of the pharynx. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002666 One of a group of three sensilla in the anterior of the pharynx. FlyBase:FBrf0074007 Multiply innervated sensillum of the anteroventral group of the larval pharynx. It has a single pore, plugged with amorphous material and is innervated by 9 dendrites in three groups, each group within a cuticular sheath. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002667 Multiply innervated sensillum of the anteroventral group of the larval pharynx. It has a single pore, plugged with amorphous material and is innervated by 9 dendrites in three groups, each group within a cuticular sheath. FlyBase:FBrf0074007 Unidendritic sensillum of the anteroventral group of the larval pharynx located in a pit lateral to V1. It has a tuft of hair at its distal tip and its dendrite has a tubular body. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002668 Unidendritic sensillum of the anteroventral group of the larval pharynx located in a pit lateral to V1. It has a tuft of hair at its distal tip and its dendrite has a tubular body. FlyBase:FBrf0074007 Unidendritic sensillum of the anteroventral group of the larval pharynx located in a pit lateral to V1. It has a tuft of hair at its distal tip and its dendrite has a tubular body. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002669 Unidendritic sensillum of the anteroventral group of the larval pharynx located in a pit lateral to V1. It has a tuft of hair at its distal tip and its dendrite has a tubular body. FlyBase:FBrf0074007 One of a group of 6 sensilla in the pharynx between the antero-ventral group and posterio-lateral sensillum V4. fly_anatomy.ontology dorsal group of sensillum FBbt:00002670 One of a group of 6 sensilla in the pharynx between the antero-ventral group and posterio-lateral sensillum V4. FlyBase:FBrf0074007 Sensillum of the dorsal group of the larval pharynx, innervated by 2 dendrites. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002671 Sensillum of the dorsal group of the larval pharynx, innervated by 2 dendrites. FlyBase:FBrf0074007 Sensillum of the dorsal group of the larval pharynx, innervated by a single dendrite. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002672 Sensillum of the dorsal group of the larval pharynx, innervated by a single dendrite. FlyBase:FBrf0074007 Sensillum of the dorsal group of the larval pharynx, innervated by 2 dendrites. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002673 Sensillum of the dorsal group of the larval pharynx, innervated by 2 dendrites. FlyBase:FBrf0074007 Sensillum of the dorsal group of the larval pharynx, innervated by 3 dendrites. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002674 Sensillum of the dorsal group of the larval pharynx, innervated by 3 dendrites. FlyBase:FBrf0074007 Sensillum of the dorsal group of the larval pharynx, innervated by a single dendrite. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002675 Sensillum of the dorsal group of the larval pharynx, innervated by a single dendrite. FlyBase:FBrf0074007 Sensillum of the dorsal group of the larval pharynx, innervated by a single dendrite. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002676 Sensillum of the dorsal group of the larval pharynx, innervated by a single dendrite. FlyBase:FBrf0074007 A sensillum of the larval pharynx that lies posterior to dorsal group of pharyngeal sensilla. It is innervated by 6 dendrites . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002677 Candidate for merge with hypopharyngeal sense organ / X-organ. A sensillum of the larval pharynx that lies posterior to dorsal group of pharyngeal sensilla. It is innervated by 6 dendrites . FlyBase:FBrf0074007 Sensory organ associated with the larval pharynx and connected to the hypopharyngeal nerve. fly_anatomy.ontology lho FBbt:00002678 Part relation to ocular segment from Schmidt-Ott et al., 1994, based on relating gene expression during early segmentation to loss of function phenotypes of segmentally expressed genes. Sensory organ associated with the larval pharynx and connected to the hypopharyngeal nerve. FlyBase:FBrf0075072 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Papilla of the terminal organ. It is located more lateral than the dorsomedial papilla. dorso-lateral papilla dorsolateral papilla of the antennal sense organ fly_anatomy.ontology dlp FBbt:00002679 Schmidt-Ott et al., (1994), places this in the intercalary segment. Jurgens et al. (1986), explain that the DLP and DMP are considered to be of different origins to the other 7 papillae of the terminal organ/MxSO because their axons do not join the maxillary nerve and they are found in different locations in certain homeotic mutants. Papilla of the terminal organ. It is located more lateral than the dorsomedial papilla. FlyBase:FBrf0075072 FlyBase:FBrf0103263 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002680 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002681 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002682 Cuticular specialization consisting of rows of serrations found at the anterior tip of the larva. maxillary cirri fly_anatomy.ontology rostral hairs FBbt:00002683 Cuticular specialization consisting of rows of serrations found at the anterior tip of the larva. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A cluster of 4-6 sensory neurons attached to the basal aspect of neurons belonging to the terminal organ. These neurons have no associated cuticular structure and do not have the typical morphology of bipolar sensory neurons. fly_anatomy.ontology ao FBbt:00002684 A cluster of 4-6 sensory neurons attached to the basal aspect of neurons belonging to the terminal organ. These neurons have no associated cuticular structure and do not have the typical morphology of bipolar sensory neurons. FlyBase:FBrf0075072 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 larval mandibular segment sensillum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002685 Multiply innervated sensillum of the lateral atrial wall of the larval foregut. fly_anatomy.ontology pao FBbt:00002686 Multiply innervated sensillum of the lateral atrial wall of the larval foregut. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Sensillum of the lateral part of the embryonic/larval dorsal pouch (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). It contains a single neuron (first seen at embryonic stage 15) that is located dorsal to Bolwig's nerve (at stages 16-17) and fasciculates with the lateropharyngeal nerve (SN-V). fly_anatomy.ontology apo FBbt:00002687 Schmidt-Ott et al., (1994) tentatively assign this to the mandibular segment on the basis of its fasciculation pattern. This evidence is much weaker than the genetic evidence they use to determine the segmental identity of other head sensilla. Sensillum of the lateral part of the embryonic/larval dorsal pouch (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). It contains a single neuron (first seen at embryonic stage 15) that is located dorsal to Bolwig's nerve (at stages 16-17) and fasciculates with the lateropharyngeal nerve (SN-V). FlyBase:FBrf0075072 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Sensillum of the lateral fold of the dorsal pouch. It contains 2 or 3 sensory neurons. lpo fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002688 Sensillum of the lateral fold of the dorsal pouch. It contains 2 or 3 sensory neurons. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 larval maxillary segment sense organ fly_anatomy.ontology larval maxillary segment organ FBbt:00002689 External compound sense organ of the antenno-maxillary complex of the larval head consisting of a distal group of 11 sensilla and a ventral group of 3 sensilla. Neurons of the terminal organ connect with the larval maxillary nerve and terminate in area 2 of the subesophageal ganglion. MxSO larval maxillary sense organ fly_anatomy.ontology Maxillarorgan maxillary element terminal organ to FBbt:00002690 Evidence for maxillary segment origin comes from Schmidt-Ott et al., 1994. External compound sense organ of the antenno-maxillary complex of the larval head consisting of a distal group of 11 sensilla and a ventral group of 3 sensilla. Neurons of the terminal organ connect with the larval maxillary nerve and terminate in area 2 of the subesophageal ganglion. FlyBase:FBrf0047373 FlyBase:FBrf0074007 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0201176 One of a group of 11 sensilla arranged in a circle in the distal region of the terminal organ. fly_anatomy.ontology distal group of to sensillum FBbt:00002691 One of a group of 11 sensilla arranged in a circle in the distal region of the terminal organ. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology P FBbt:00002692 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002693 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002694 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002695 fly_anatomy.ontology K FBbt:00002696 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002697 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002698 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002699 fly_anatomy.ontology T FBbt:00002700 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002701 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002702 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002703 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002704 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002705 One of 3 dorso-laterally located sensilla of the terminal organ. dorso-lateral group of to sensillum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002706 Jurgens et al. (1986), explain that the DLP and DMP are considered to be of different origins to the other 7 papillae of the terminal organ/MxSO because their axons do not join the maxillary nerve and they are found in different locations in certain homeotic mutants. One of 3 dorso-laterally located sensilla of the terminal organ. FlyBase:FBrf0045366 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 External compound sense organ of the antenno-maxillary complex of the larval head, located amongst the cirri. It contains three 'knob-like' sensilla, one bi-dendritic and two mono-dendritic. Neurons of the ventral organ connect with the larval maxillary nerve and terminate in area 2 of the subesophageal ganglion. fly_anatomy.ontology vo FBbt:00002707 Evidence for maxillary segment origin comes from Schmidt-Ott et al., 1994. There is some disagreement about the number of sensilla in the ventral organ: Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, mention only 3 - one with two neurons and the other two with one each; Singh and Singh, 1984, provide evidence for 5 sensilla, 4 innervated by one neuron, the other by four neurons. This ontology follows Singh and Singh, 1984. External compound sense organ of the antenno-maxillary complex of the larval head, located amongst the cirri. It contains three 'knob-like' sensilla, one bi-dendritic and two mono-dendritic. Neurons of the ventral organ connect with the larval maxillary nerve and terminate in area 2 of the subesophageal ganglion. FlyBase:FBrf0074007 FlyBase:FBrf0075072 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0201176 fly_anatomy.ontology V FBbt:00002708 Sensillum of the ventral organ innervated by 4 dendrites. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002709 Sensillum of the ventral organ innervated by 4 dendrites. FlyBase:FBrf0074007 Mono-dendritic sensillum of the ventral organ. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002710 Mono-dendritic sensillum of the ventral organ. FlyBase:FBrf0074007 Mono-dendritic sensillum of the ventral organ, linked to the exterior by a pore. Putative taste sensillum (Singh, 1997). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002711 Mono-dendritic sensillum of the ventral organ, linked to the exterior by a pore. Putative taste sensillum (Singh, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0074007 FlyBase:FBrf0100249 Mono-dendritic sensillum of the ventral organ. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002712 Mono-dendritic sensillum of the ventral organ. FlyBase:FBrf0074007 Mono-dendritic sensillum of the ventral organ. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002713 Mono-dendritic sensillum of the ventral organ. FlyBase:FBrf0074007 One of 14 innervated pits located in two groups of 7 on either side of the dorsal midline in the dorsal-most part of the head. There is no associated external cuticular sensory structure. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002714 One of 14 innervated pits located in two groups of 7 on either side of the dorsal midline in the dorsal-most part of the head. There is no associated external cuticular sensory structure. FlyBase:FBrf0034076 FlyBase:FBrf0074007 Paired external sensillum situated dorso-laterally on the head and consisting of a knob shaped cuticular structure located in a pit and innervated by 3 dendrites - one terminating at its base and the other two extending into the knob. Putative combined mechanoreceptor (Singh and Singh, 1984) and taste sensillum (Singh, 1997). KIP fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002715 Paired external sensillum situated dorso-laterally on the head and consisting of a knob shaped cuticular structure located in a pit and innervated by 3 dendrites - one terminating at its base and the other two extending into the knob. Putative combined mechanoreceptor (Singh and Singh, 1984) and taste sensillum (Singh, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0074007 FlyBase:FBrf0100249 KIP FlyBase:FBrf0074007 Chordotonal organ of the larval maxillary segment that possesses two scolopidia. fly_anatomy.ontology ch2 chordotonal organ with two scolopidia FBbt:00002716 Chordotonal organ of the larval maxillary segment that possesses two scolopidia. FlyBase:FBrf0075072 A multiply innervated sensillum of the larval head, located next to the labial organ whose axons project into the maxillary nerve. fly_anatomy.ontology hmo FBbt:00002717 A multiply innervated sensillum of the larval head, located next to the labial organ whose axons project into the maxillary nerve. FlyBase:FBrf0075072 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 larval labial segment sensillum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002718 Paired compound sense organ of the larval head, located on the floor of the atrium, anterior to the opening of the salivary duct. It is composed of 4 sensilla. Sensory neurons travel via the labral nerve and innervate area 2 of the embryonic/larval subesophageal ganglion. fly_anatomy.ontology VPS hy hypophyse hypophyseal sense organ labial sensory complex labial sensory organ lbso ventral pharyngeal sensilla ventral pharyngeal sensilla V1-V4 FBbt:00002719 Paired compound sense organ of the larval head, located on the floor of the atrium, anterior to the opening of the salivary duct. It is composed of 4 sensilla. Sensory neurons travel via the labral nerve and innervate area 2 of the embryonic/larval subesophageal ganglion. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0201176 VPS FlyBase:FBrf0147119 hypophyse FlyBase:FBrf0089570 labial sensory complex FlyBase:FBrf0089570 ventral pharyngeal sensilla FlyBase:FBrf0147119 ventral pharyngeal sensilla V1-V4 FlyBase:FBrf0074007 A compound external sense organ of the late embryo or larva consisting of 3 sensilla, one with 3 neurons and the others with one each. fly_anatomy.ontology labial sense organ lbo lower lip sense organ FBbt:00002720 A compound external sense organ of the late embryo or larva consisting of 3 sensilla, one with 3 neurons and the others with one each. FlyBase:FBrf0034076 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002721 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002722 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002723 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002724 larval prothoracic sensillum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002725 fly_anatomy.ontology vc2a FBbt:00002726 fly_anatomy.ontology vc2b FBbt:00002727 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002728 fly_anatomy.ontology b h2 shD FBbt:00002729 fly_anatomy.ontology b h3 shE FBbt:00002730 fly_anatomy.ontology b p5 FBbt:00002731 fly_anatomy.ontology p6(7) s FBbt:00002732 fly_anatomy.ontology p7(8) s FBbt:00002733 Triscolopidial chordotonal organ located in the dorsal sensory cluster of the embryonic/larval prothoracic segment. fly_anatomy.ontology dch3x FBbt:00002734 Triscolopidial chordotonal organ located in the dorsal sensory cluster of the embryonic/larval prothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology H h1 shC FBbt:00002735 fly_anatomy.ontology lp1 p3 FBbt:00002736 fly_anatomy.ontology lp2 p4 FBbt:00002737 fly_anatomy.ontology lch3x FBbt:00002738 Kolbchen ventrally located in the embryonic/larval prothorax. It is part of the prothoracic ventral sensory cluster. fly_anatomy.ontology shB vk FBbt:00002739 Kolbchen ventrally located in the embryonic/larval prothorax. It is part of the prothoracic ventral sensory cluster. FlyBase:FBrf0041814 fly_anatomy.ontology p1 vp1 FBbt:00002740 fly_anatomy.ontology p2 vp2 FBbt:00002741 fly_anatomy.ontology vch1x FBbt:00002742 Cluster of fine denticles found at the posterior edge of the ventral surface of the larval prothoracic (T1) segment. fly_anatomy.ontology prothoracic beard FBbt:00002743 Cluster of fine denticles found at the posterior edge of the ventral surface of the larval prothoracic (T1) segment. FlyBase:FBrf0064786 FlyBase:FBrf0091305 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002744 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002745 larval mesothoracic sensillum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002746 fly_anatomy.ontology b h2 shD FBbt:00002747 fly_anatomy.ontology b h3 shE FBbt:00002748 fly_anatomy.ontology b p5 FBbt:00002749 fly_anatomy.ontology p6(7) s FBbt:00002750 fly_anatomy.ontology p7(8) s FBbt:00002751 Triscolopidial chordotonal organ located in the dorsal sensory cluster of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. fly_anatomy.ontology dch3x FBbt:00002752 Triscolopidial chordotonal organ located in the dorsal sensory cluster of the embryonic/larval mesothoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 . T2 lateral black dot mesothoracic lateral Kolbchen lateral black dot fly_anatomy.ontology T2 lbd ldb lk shB FBbt:00002753 . FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology h1 shC FBbt:00002754 fly_anatomy.ontology p3 FBbt:00002755 fly_anatomy.ontology p4 FBbt:00002756 . T2 ventral Kolbchen vbd mesothoracic ventral Kolbchen ventral black dot fly_anatomy.ontology T2 vbd shB vk FBbt:00002757 . FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology p1 FBbt:00002758 fly_anatomy.ontology p2 FBbt:00002759 fly_anatomy.ontology vch1x FBbt:00002760 fly_anatomy.ontology KO ko shA FBbt:00002761 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002762 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002763 larval metathoracic sensillum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002764 fly_anatomy.ontology b h2 shD FBbt:00002765 fly_anatomy.ontology b h3 shE FBbt:00002766 fly_anatomy.ontology b p5 FBbt:00002767 fly_anatomy.ontology p6(7) s FBbt:00002768 fly_anatomy.ontology p7(8) s FBbt:00002769 Triscolopidial chordotonal organ located in the dorsal sensory cluster of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. fly_anatomy.ontology dch3x FBbt:00002770 Triscolopidial chordotonal organ located in the dorsal sensory cluster of the embryonic/larval metathoracic segment. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 . T3 lateral Kolbchen lbd metathoracic lateral Kolbchen lateral black dot fly_anatomy.ontology T3 lbd lbd lk shB FBbt:00002771 . FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology h1 shC FBbt:00002772 fly_anatomy.ontology p3 FBbt:00002773 fly_anatomy.ontology p4 FBbt:00002774 . T3 ventral Kolbchen vbd metathoracic ventral Kolbchen ventral black dot fly_anatomy.ontology T3 vbd shB vk FBbt:00002775 . FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology p1 FBbt:00002776 fly_anatomy.ontology p2 FBbt:00002777 fly_anatomy.ontology vch1x FBbt:00002778 fly_anatomy.ontology KO ko shA FBbt:00002779 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002780 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002781 larval abdominal sensillum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002782 Small, mono-innervated hair of the dorsal sensory complex of larval abdominal segments 1-7. FBbt:00002791 b+st h3 h3/4 sensory hair F shF abdominal dorsal sensillum trichodeum h3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002783 Note that this organ (identified as the anterior organ in the dh1-dh2 organ pair) is reported to be tri-innervated in Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997. The formally separate term 'h3' (FBbt:00002791) has been merged with dh1: It is clear from comparing the diagrams in Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen (1986) with those http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#dp2 and Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, (1997), that the authors are referring to the same sensillum. Small, mono-innervated hair of the dorsal sensory complex of larval abdominal segments 1-7. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html b+st http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html h3 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html h3/4 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 sensory hair F http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html FBbt:00002792 abdominal 1 dorsal sensillum trichodeum h3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002784 FBbt:00002793 abdominal 2 dorsal sensillum trichodeum h3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002785 FBbt:00002794 abdominal 3 dorsal sensillum trichodeum h3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002786 FBbt:00002795 abdominal 4 dorsal sensillum trichodeum h3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002787 FBbt:00002796 abdominal 5 dorsal sensillum trichodeum h3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002788 FBbt:00002797 abdominal 6 dorsal sensillum trichodeum h3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002789 FBbt:00002798 abdominal 7 dorsal sensillum trichodeum h3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002790 A dorsal, mono-innervated campaniform sensillum of larval abdominal segments 1-7. dp1 p8 s dorsal papilla 1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002799 A dorsal, mono-innervated campaniform sensillum of larval abdominal segments 1-7. http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#dp1 dp1 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#dp1 s http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#dp1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002800 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002801 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002802 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002803 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002804 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002805 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002806 A dorsal, mono-innervated campaniform sensillum of larval abdominal segments 1-7. dorsal papilla 2 fly_anatomy.ontology b dp2 p9 FBbt:00002807 A dorsal, mono-innervated campaniform sensillum of larval abdominal segments 1-7. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#dp2 b http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#dp2 dp2 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#dp2 p9 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#dp2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002808 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002809 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002810 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002811 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002812 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002813 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002814 FBbt:00002442 FBbt:00002728 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002815 This term was obsoleted because abdominal basiconical sensillum dbd does not exist. Possible replacement terms are: prothoracic basiconical sensillum dbd, the only segment with a dorsal group basiconic sensillum is t1; abdominal dorsal bipolar neuron dbp, which is referred to as dbd in some publications. true FBbt:00002443 FBbt:00002728 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002816 This term was obsoleted because abdominal basiconical sensillum dbd does not exist. Possible replacement terms are: prothoracic basiconical sensillum dbd, the only segment with a dorsal group basiconic sensillum is t1; abdominal 1 dorsal bipolar neuron dbp, which is referred to as dbd in some publications. true FBbt:00002444 FBbt:00002728 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002817 This term was obsoleted because abdominal basiconical sensillum dbd does not exist. Possible replacement terms are: prothoracic basiconical sensillum dbd, the only segment with a dorsal group basiconic sensillum is t1; abdominal 2 dorsal bipolar neuron dbp, which is referred to as dbd in some publications. true FBbt:00002445 FBbt:00002728 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002818 This term was obsoleted because abdominal basiconical sensillum dbd does not exist. Possible replacement terms are: prothoracic basiconical sensillum dbd, the only segment with a dorsal group basiconic sensillum is t1; abdominal 3 dorsal bipolar neuron dbp, which is referred to as dbd in some publications. true FBbt:00002446 FBbt:00002728 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002819 This term was obsoleted because abdominal basiconical sensillum dbd does not exist. Possible replacement terms are: prothoracic basiconical sensillum dbd, the only segment with a dorsal group basiconic sensillum is t1; abdominal 4 dorsal bipolar neuron dbp, which is referred to as dbd in some publications. true FBbt:00002447 FBbt:00002728 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002820 This term was obsoleted because abdominal basiconical sensillum dbd does not exist. Possible replacement terms are: prothoracic basiconical sensillum dbd, the only segment with a dorsal group basiconic sensillum is t1; abdominal 5 dorsal bipolar neuron dbp, which is referred to as dbd in some publications. true FBbt:00002448 FBbt:00002728 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002821 This term was obsoleted because abdominal basiconical sensillum dbd does not exist. Possible replacement terms are: prothoracic basiconical sensillum dbd, the only segment with a dorsal group basiconic sensillum is t1; abdominal 6 dorsal bipolar neuron dbp, which is referred to as dbd in some publications. true FBbt:00002449 FBbt:00002728 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002822 This term was obsoleted because abdominal basiconical sensillum dbd does not exist. Possible replacement terms are: prothoracic basiconical sensillum dbd, the only segment with a dorsal group basiconic sensillum is t1; abdominal 7 dorsal bipolar neuron dbp, which is referred to as dbd in some publications. true Monoscolopidial chordotonal organ of the lateral sensory cluster of larval segments A1-7. There is one of these organs per cluster. It is innervated by the abdominal v'ch1 neuron. lch1x v'ch1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002823 Monoscolopidial chordotonal organ of the lateral sensory cluster of larval segments A1-7. There is one of these organs per cluster. It is innervated by the abdominal v'ch1 neuron. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#lch1 lch1x http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#lch1 v'ch1 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#lch1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002824 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002825 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002826 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002827 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002828 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002829 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002830 Pentascolopidial chordotonal organ located in the lateral sensory cluster of the embryonic/larval abdominal segment. Dendrites from this chordotonal organ point dorsoposteriorly. fly_anatomy.ontology CHO5 lch5x FBbt:00002831 Pentascolopidial chordotonal organ located in the lateral sensory cluster of the embryonic/larval abdominal segment. Dendrites from this chordotonal organ point dorsoposteriorly. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 CHO5 FlyBase:FBrf0002274 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002832 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002833 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002834 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002835 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002836 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002837 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002838 Lateral mono-innervated hair of larval abdominal segments 1-7. H h2 sensory hair C shC fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002839 Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997, state in table 9.1 that lh1 is innervated by lesA and innervates 'h1'. This appears to be a misrepresentation of Ghysen et al., (1986) as this paper doesn't appear to make that claim. sr080210. Lateral mono-innervated hair of larval abdominal segments 1-7. FlyBase:FBrf0045361 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#lh1 sensory hair C http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature.html fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002840 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002841 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002842 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002843 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002844 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002845 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002846 Lateral mono-innervated hair of larval abdominal segments 1-7. h1 sensory hair C fly_anatomy.ontology b shC FBbt:00002847 Lateral mono-innervated hair of larval abdominal segments 1-7. http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#lh2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002848 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002849 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002850 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002851 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002852 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002853 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002854 Lateral mono-innervated papilla of larval abdominal segments 1-7. lp2 fly_anatomy.ontology p7 FBbt:00002855 Lateral mono-innervated papilla of larval abdominal segments 1-7. http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#lp2 lp2 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#lp2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002856 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002857 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002858 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002859 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002860 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002861 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002862 A campaniform sensillum of larval abdominal segments 1-7. It is the ventral-most sensillum of these segments, and is innervated by the dendrite of a single neuron - vesA. p1 vp1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002863 A campaniform sensillum of larval abdominal segments 1-7. It is the ventral-most sensillum of these segments, and is innervated by the dendrite of a single neuron - vesA. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vp1 p1 FlyBase:FBrf0045359 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature0.html vp1 FlyBase:FBrf0045357 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature0.html fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002864 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002865 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002866 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002867 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002868 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002869 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002870 A ventrally located campaniform sensillum of larval abdominal segments 1-7, innervated by the dendrite of a single neuron - vesB. Fasciculates in branch c of the segmental nerve, SNc (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). p2 vp2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002871 A ventrally located campaniform sensillum of larval abdominal segments 1-7, innervated by the dendrite of a single neuron - vesB. Fasciculates in branch c of the segmental nerve, SNc (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0045359 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vp2 p2 FlyBase:FBrf0045359 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature0.html vp2 FlyBase:FBrf0045357 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature0.html fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002872 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002873 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002874 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002875 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002876 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002877 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002878 A ventrally located campaniform sensillum of larval abdominal segments 1-7, innervated by the dendrite of a single neuron - vesC. The tormogen (socket) cell of this sensillum is unusual in having numerous short cytoplasmic extensions (Barolo et al., 2000). It fasciculates in branch c of the segmental nerve, SNc (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). p3 vp3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002879 A ventrally located campaniform sensillum of larval abdominal segments 1-7, innervated by the dendrite of a single neuron - vesC. The tormogen (socket) cell of this sensillum is unusual in having numerous short cytoplasmic extensions (Barolo et al., 2000). It fasciculates in branch c of the segmental nerve, SNc (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0045359 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0132262 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vp3 p3 FlyBase:FBrf0045359 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature0.html vp3 FlyBase:FBrf0045357 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature0.html fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002880 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002881 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002882 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002883 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002884 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002885 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002886 A ventrally located campaniform sensillum of larval abdominal segments 1-7 buried in a narrow slit of the cuticle among the denticles, innervated by the dendrite of a single neuron - v'esB. p5 vp4a fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002887 A ventrally located campaniform sensillum of larval abdominal segments 1-7 buried in a narrow slit of the cuticle among the denticles, innervated by the dendrite of a single neuron - v'esB. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vp4a p5 FlyBase:FBrf0045359 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature0.html vp4a FlyBase:FBrf0045357 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature0.html fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002888 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002889 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002890 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002891 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002892 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002893 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002894 A ventrally located campaniform sensillum of larval abdominal segments 1-7, innervated by the dendrite of a single neuron - v'esA. p4 vc4 vp4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002895 A ventrally located campaniform sensillum of larval abdominal segments 1-7, innervated by the dendrite of a single neuron - v'esA. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vp4 p4 FlyBase:FBrf0045359 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature0.html vc4 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature0.html vp4 FlyBase:FBrf0045357 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature0.html fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002896 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002897 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002898 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002899 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002900 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002901 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002902 A ventrally located campaniform sensillum of larval abdominal segments 1-7 whose external sensory structure is surrounded by a ruffled annulus and which is innervated by the 2 dendrites of the v'es2 neurons. p6 vp5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002903 A ventrally located campaniform sensillum of larval abdominal segments 1-7 whose external sensory structure is surrounded by a ruffled annulus and which is innervated by the 2 dendrites of the v'es2 neurons. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vp4 p6 FlyBase:FBrf0045359 http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature0.html vp5 FlyBase:FBrf0045357 Ventral monoscolopidial chordotonal organ of larval abdominal segments 1-7, innervated by a single neuron - vch1 (vchA). vchA fly_anatomy.ontology vch1x FBbt:00002904 Ventral monoscolopidial chordotonal organ of larval abdominal segments 1-7, innervated by a single neuron - vch1 (vchA). http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSdescription.html#vch1 vchA http://www.normalesup.org/~vorgogoz/FlyPNS/PNSnomenclature0.html fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002905 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002906 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002907 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002908 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002909 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002910 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002911 Dorsal hair (trichome) of the larval abdominal segment. fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal dorsal hair FBbt:00002912 Dorsal hair (trichome) of the larval abdominal segment. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002913 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002914 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002915 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002916 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002917 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002918 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002919 Ventral denticle belt of the larval abdominal segment. fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal ventral setae belt FBbt:00002920 Ventral denticle belt of the larval abdominal segment. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002921 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002922 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002923 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002924 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002925 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002926 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002927 larval abdominal 8 sensillum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002928 fly_anatomy.ontology SO7 dmsc sc3 sk t7 FBbt:00002929 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002930 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002931 Maybe - t6. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002932 Maybe - t5. Triscolopidial chordotonal organ of larval abdominal segment 8. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002933 Triscolopidial chordotonal organ of larval abdominal segment 8. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002934 Sensillum of the embryonic/larval posterior spiracle. It consists of a cluster of branched hairs sharing a common socket. There are four of these per spiracle, arrayed around the edge of the spiracular plate. FBbt:00000432 spiracular sense organ spiracular sensory hair fly_anatomy.ontology sph spiracular hair FBbt:00002935 Candidate for merge with spiracular sensillum trichodeum? Sensillum of the embryonic/larval posterior spiracle. It consists of a cluster of branched hairs sharing a common socket. There are four of these per spiracle, arrayed around the edge of the spiracular plate. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 spiracular sensory hair FlyBase:FBrf0089570 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002936 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002937 Sensory neuron whose dendrite innervates spiracular sensillum trichodeum 3. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002938 Sensory neuron whose dendrite innervates spiracular sensillum trichodeum 3. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Sensory neuron whose dendrite innervates spiracular sensillum trichodeum 4. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002939 Sensory neuron whose dendrite innervates spiracular sensillum trichodeum 4. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Dorsal trichome of larval abdominal segment 8. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002940 Dorsal trichome of larval abdominal segment 8. FBC:SPR Ventral denticle belt of larval abdominal segment 8. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002941 Ventral denticle belt of larval abdominal segment 8. FBC:SPR larval abdominal 9 sensillum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002942 fly_anatomy.ontology dcsc posterior lateral sensory organ sc2/3 t2 + t3 FBbt:00002943 fly_anatomy.ontology dcsc posterior lateral sensory organ sc2/3 t2 + t3 FBbt:00002944 Lateral chordotonal organ group located in larval abdominal segment 9 close to the dorsocaudal sensory cone (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). It is composed of a triscolopidial and a monoscolopidial chordotonal organ. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002945 Lateral chordotonal organ group located in larval abdominal segment 9 close to the dorsocaudal sensory cone (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). It is composed of a triscolopidial and a monoscolopidial chordotonal organ. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Ventral denticle belt of larval segment 9. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002946 Ventral denticle belt of larval segment 9. FBC:SPR larval abdominal 10 sensillum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002947 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002948 fly_anatomy.ontology SO1 anal sensory organ csc sc1 t1 ventral anal sensillum FBbt:00002949 larval abdominal 11 sensillum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002950 Small group of densely packed denticles located at the most ventral point of larval abdominal segment 11, and flanked by the anal sense organs (caudal sense organs). fly_anatomy.ontology T t0 FBbt:00002951 Small group of densely packed denticles located at the most ventral point of larval abdominal segment 11, and flanked by the anal sense organs (caudal sense organs). FlyBase:FBrf0064788 The prepupa is the name given to the organism at the period of the life cycle that begins at puparium formation and ends when larval/pupal apolysis is complete, as indicated by the completion of imaginal head sac eversion and the expulsion of the oral armature of the larva. Duration at 25 degrees C is approximately 12 hours. It occurs 120-132.2 hours after egg laying, and is the period of 0-12.2 hours after puparium formation. fly_anatomy.ontology PP FBbt:00002952 The prepupa is the name given to the organism at the period of the life cycle that begins at puparium formation and ends when larval/pupal apolysis is complete, as indicated by the completion of imaginal head sac eversion and the expulsion of the oral armature of the larva. Duration at 25 degrees C is approximately 12 hours. It occurs 120-132.2 hours after egg laying, and is the period of 0-12.2 hours after puparium formation. FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 The pupa is the name given to the organism at the period of the life cycle that begins once larval/pupal apolysis is complete, as indicated by the expulsion of the larval armature. Early in this stage the legs and wings reach full extension along the abdomen. The stage ends when the pupal cuticle separates from the underlying epidermis (pupal/adult apolysis), and the eye cup becomes yellow at its periphery. The duration of this stage is approximately 32 hours at 25 degrees C, and spans from 132.2-164.3 hours after egg laying, or is the period of 12.2-44.3 hours after puparium formation. fly_anatomy.ontology P FBbt:00002953 The pupa is the name given to the organism at the period of the life cycle that begins once larval/pupal apolysis is complete, as indicated by the expulsion of the larval armature. Early in this stage the legs and wings reach full extension along the abdomen. The stage ends when the pupal cuticle separates from the underlying epidermis (pupal/adult apolysis), and the eye cup becomes yellow at its periphery. The duration of this stage is approximately 32 hours at 25 degrees C, and spans from 132.2-164.3 hours after egg laying, or is the period of 12.2-44.3 hours after puparium formation. FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 Tracheal system of the pupa. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002954 Tracheal system of the pupa. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Tracheolar cell that develops in the pupa and displays a striking coiled structure. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002955 Tracheolar cell that develops in the pupa and displays a striking coiled structure. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Tracheae of the pupa. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002956 Tracheae of the pupa. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002957 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002958 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002959 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002960 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002961 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002962 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002963 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002964 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002965 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002966 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002967 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002968 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002969 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002970 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002971 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002972 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002973 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002974 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002975 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002976 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002977 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002978 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002979 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002980 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002981 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002982 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002983 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002984 fly_anatomy.ontology leg branch 1 FBbt:00002985 fly_anatomy.ontology leg branch 2 FBbt:00002986 fly_anatomy.ontology leg branch 3 FBbt:00002987 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002988 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002989 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002990 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002991 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002992 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002993 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002994 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002995 Spiracle of the pupa. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002996 Spiracle of the pupa. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Anterior-most spiracle of the pupa. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002997 Anterior-most spiracle of the pupa. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002998 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002999 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003000 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003001 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003002 Bubble of gas that appears in the center of the prepupa. It then translocates to the posterior of the animal. Rhythmic contractions of the abdominal muscles, accompanied by a swaying motion of the prepupa, moves the gas bubble along the sides of the animal towards the anterior end, driving larval/pupal apolysis (the separation of cuticle from the epidermis) and creating a space at the anterior of the puparium for subsequent adult head eversion. fly_anatomy.ontology prepupal air bubble FBbt:00003003 Bubble of gas that appears in the center of the prepupa. It then translocates to the posterior of the animal. Rhythmic contractions of the abdominal muscles, accompanied by a swaying motion of the prepupa, moves the gas bubble along the sides of the animal towards the anterior end, driving larval/pupal apolysis (the separation of cuticle from the epidermis) and creating a space at the anterior of the puparium for subsequent adult head eversion. FlyBase:FBrf0040740 FlyBase:FBrf0201083 . fly_anatomy.ontology imago FBbt:00003004 . FlyBase:FBrf0036849 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003005 Segment of the adult. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003006 Segment of the adult. FBC:SPR Head of the adult organism. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003007 Head of the adult organism. FBC:SPR fly_anatomy.ontology adult acron FBbt:00003008 Segment of the adult head. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003009 Segment of the adult head. FlyBase:FBrf0064788 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003010 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003011 FBbt:00004512 adult antennal structure fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003012 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003013 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003014 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003015 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003016 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003017 Thorax of the adult. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003018 Thorax of the adult. FlyBase:FBim0000792 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003019 fly_anatomy.ontology prothorax t1 thoracic segment 1 FBbt:00003020 fly_anatomy.ontology mesothorax t2 thoracic segment 2 FBbt:00003021 fly_anatomy.ontology metathorax t3 thoracic segment 3 FBbt:00003022 Abdomen of the adult. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003023 Abdomen of the adult. FlyBase:FBim0000809 FlyBase:FBim0000810 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003024 fly_anatomy.ontology a1 FBbt:00003025 fly_anatomy.ontology a2 FBbt:00003026 fly_anatomy.ontology a3 FBbt:00003027 fly_anatomy.ontology a4 FBbt:00003028 fly_anatomy.ontology a5 FBbt:00003029 fly_anatomy.ontology a6 FBbt:00003030 fly_anatomy.ontology a7 FBbt:00003031 fly_anatomy.ontology a8 FBbt:00003032 fly_anatomy.ontology a9 FBbt:00003033 fly_anatomy.ontology a10 FBbt:00003034 fly_anatomy.ontology a11 FBbt:00003035 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003036 Tracheal system of the adult. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003037 Tracheal system of the adult. FlyBase:FBim0000051 FlyBase:FBim0000052 FlyBase:FBim0000053 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 Trachea of the adult. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003038 Trachea of the adult. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003039 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003040 fly_anatomy.ontology dorsal segmental trachea FBbt:00003041 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003042 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003043 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003044 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003045 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003046 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003047 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003048 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003049 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003050 Adult trachea that branches dorsally from the dorsal trunk. It tracheates the dorsal epidermis and dorsal vessel. Each dorsal branch connects to the contralateral branch of the same tracheal metamere via the dorsal anastomosis. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003051 Adult trachea that branches dorsally from the dorsal trunk. It tracheates the dorsal epidermis and dorsal vessel. Each dorsal branch connects to the contralateral branch of the same tracheal metamere via the dorsal anastomosis. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 fly_anatomy.ontology adult dorsal branch 1 prothoracic dorsal commissure FBbt:00003052 fly_anatomy.ontology adult dorsal branch 2 metathoracic dorsal commissure FBbt:00003053 fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal dorsal commissure FBbt:00003054 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003055 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003056 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003057 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003058 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003059 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003060 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003061 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003062 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003063 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003064 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003065 fly_anatomy.ontology ventral commissures FBbt:00003066 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003067 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003068 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003069 Adult trachea that branches from a transverse connective and tracheates the viscera. fly_anatomy.ontology visceral trachea FBbt:00003070 Adult trachea that branches from a transverse connective and tracheates the viscera. FlyBase:FBim0000051 FlyBase:FBrf0064787 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003071 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003072 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003073 fly_anatomy.ontology abdominal spiracular trachea FBbt:00003074 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003075 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003076 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003077 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003078 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003079 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003080 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003081 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003082 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003083 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003084 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003085 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003086 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003087 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003088 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003089 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003090 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003091 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003092 fly_anatomy.ontology leg branch 1 FBbt:00003093 fly_anatomy.ontology leg branch 2 FBbt:00003094 fly_anatomy.ontology leg branch 3 FBbt:00003095 fly_anatomy.ontology adult cerebral branch FBbt:00003096 Maybe - cerebropharyngeal. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003097 Maybe - pharyngeal branch. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003098 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003099 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003100 Air filled epithelial sac of the adult tracheal system. These highly dilated trachea consist of thin epithelium with very thin chitinous lining, lacking `taenidia` (FBbt:00005045). Consequently they are highly flexible and can collapse or expand with changes in pressure around them. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003101 Air filled epithelial sac of the adult tracheal system. These highly dilated trachea consist of thin epithelium with very thin chitinous lining, lacking `taenidia` (FBbt:00005045). Consequently they are highly flexible and can collapse or expand with changes in pressure around them. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Tracheal air sac of the adult head, extending ventrally and anteriorly to the brain. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003102 Tracheal air sac of the adult head, extending ventrally and anteriorly to the brain. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Tracheal air sac located dorsally in the adult head, above the brain. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003103 Tracheal air sac located dorsally in the adult head, above the brain. FlyBase:FBim0000051 FlyBase:FBim0000052 FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Very small tracheal air sac located in the antenna. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003104 Very small tracheal air sac located in the antenna. FlyBase:FBim0000051 FlyBase:FBim0000052 FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Small tracheal air sac of the adult head, located ventrally and posterior to the eye. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003105 Small tracheal air sac of the adult head, located ventrally and posterior to the eye. FlyBase:FBim0000051 FlyBase:FBim0000052 FlyBase:FBrf0007735 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003106 Lobe of the dorsal air sac in the lateral scutum. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003107 Lobe of the dorsal air sac in the lateral scutum. FlyBase:FBim0000051 FlyBase:FBim0000052 FlyBase:FBim0000680 FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Lobe of the dorsal air sac in the medial scutum. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003108 Lobe of the dorsal air sac in the medial scutum. FlyBase:FBim0000051 FlyBase:FBim0000052 FlyBase:FBim0000680 FlyBase:FBrf0007735 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003109 . FlyBase:FBim0000051 FlyBase:FBim0000052 FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Lobe of dorsal air sac underlying the prothoracic episternum (propleurum). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003110 Lobe of dorsal air sac underlying the prothoracic episternum (propleurum). FlyBase:FBim0000051 FlyBase:FBim0000052 FlyBase:FBim0000680 FlyBase:FBrf0007735 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003111 . FlyBase:FBim0000051 FlyBase:FBim0000052 FlyBase:FBrf0007735 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003112 . FlyBase:FBim0000051 FlyBase:FBim0000052 FlyBase:FBim0000680 FlyBase:FBrf0007735 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003113 . FlyBase:FBim0000051 FlyBase:FBim0000052 FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Tracheal air sac of the adult head, located dorsally and posterior to the eye. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003114 Tracheal air sac of the adult head, located dorsally and posterior to the eye. FlyBase:FBim0000051 FlyBase:FBim0000052 FlyBase:FBrf0007735 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003115 . FlyBase:FBim0000051 FlyBase:FBim0000052 FlyBase:FBim0000680 FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Lobe of the dorsal air sac underlying the scutellum. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003116 Lobe of the dorsal air sac underlying the scutellum. FlyBase:FBim0000051 FlyBase:FBim0000052 FlyBase:FBim0000680 FlyBase:FBrf0007735 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003117 . FlyBase:FBim0000051 FlyBase:FBim0000052 FlyBase:FBrf0007735 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003118 Existence doubtful. No sign of this in FBrf007735. ds080226. . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003119 . FlyBase:FBim0000051 FlyBase:FBim0000052 FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Spiracle of the adult. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003120 Spiracle of the adult. FlyBase:FBrf0064787 ISBN:978-3-11-014898-5 fly_anatomy.ontology rim FBbt:00003121 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003122 Digestive system of the pupa or adult. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003123 Digestive system of the pupa or adult. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003124 The entire anatomical structure through which food and its digestion products are ingested, digested and excreted. At its anterior and posterior ends this includes structures that are not foregut or hindgut. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003125 The entire anatomical structure through which food and its digestion products are ingested, digested and excreted. At its anterior and posterior ends this includes structures that are not foregut or hindgut. The opening of the adult alimentary canal in the tip of the labrum. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003126 The opening of the adult alimentary canal in the tip of the labrum. Anterior region of the alimentary canal, the epithelium of which is lined with a chitinous intima. It consists (from anterior to posterior) of the esophagus, the crop and the stomodeal valve. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003127 Anterior region of the alimentary canal, the epithelium of which is lined with a chitinous intima. It consists (from anterior to posterior) of the esophagus, the crop and the stomodeal valve. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Anterior-most portion of the adult foregut, extending from the opening of the labrum to the esophagus. The posterior of the pharynx is the cibarium. The anterior portion is the labral channel, the posterior wall of which is the epipharynx and the anterior wall of which is the hypopharynx. The salivary duct connects to the pharynx just anterior to the cibarium. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003128 Anterior-most portion of the adult foregut, extending from the opening of the labrum to the esophagus. The posterior of the pharynx is the cibarium. The anterior portion is the labral channel, the posterior wall of which is the epipharynx and the anterior wall of which is the hypopharynx. The salivary duct connects to the pharynx just anterior to the cibarium. FlyBase:FBrf0007733 Posterior wall of the labral channel, the anterior-most portion of the adult foregut. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003129 Posterior wall of the labral channel, the anterior-most portion of the adult foregut. FlyBase:FBrf0007733 Anterior wall of the labral channel, the anterior-most portion of the adult foregut. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003130 Ferris (1950) claims that the hypopharynx does not exist in D.melanogaster, although the salivary stylet is often mistaken for it. It seems likely that the salivary stylet (FBbt:00004547) and the hypopharynx (FBbt:00003130) described by Bodenstein (1950) are the same structure. Anterior wall of the labral channel, the anterior-most portion of the adult foregut. FlyBase:FBrf0007733 Portion of the adult foregut that extends from the cibarium anteriorly, through the brain to the proventriculus posteriorly. adult oesophagus fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003131 Portion of the adult foregut that extends from the cibarium anteriorly, through the brain to the proventriculus posteriorly. FlyBase:FBrf0007733 oesophageal valve fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003132 Pedunculate sac evaginating from the adult foregut just before it meets the midgut. It is a bi-lobed structure capable of considerable extension, whose function is the storage of ingested liquid food. pedunculate crop fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003133 Pedunculate sac evaginating from the adult foregut just before it meets the midgut. It is a bi-lobed structure capable of considerable extension, whose function is the storage of ingested liquid food. FlyBase:FBrf0064792 FlyBase:FBrf0075527 pedunculate crop FlyBase:FBrf0007735 fly_anatomy.ontology salivary valve FBbt:00003134 Salivary gland of the adult. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003135 Salivary gland of the adult. FBC:SPR fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003136 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003137 The middle region of the adult alimentary canal, the epithelium of which is lined with peritrophic membrane rather than chitinous intima as for the foregut and hindgut. FBbt:00003141 ventriculus fly_anatomy.ontology anterior intestine mesenteron stomach vent FBbt:00003138 The middle region of the adult alimentary canal, the epithelium of which is lined with peritrophic membrane rather than chitinous intima as for the foregut and hindgut. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 vent FlyBase:FBrf0007735 An organ at the junction of the foregut and midgut that has parts derived from both. The outer layer is a saccular modification of the anterior-most part of the midgut wall. This covers the cardial valve (stomodeal valve) formed by the evaginated posterior end of the esophagus. cardia fly_anatomy.ontology stomach FBbt:00003139 This structure is more correctly referred to as the 'cardia'. Strictly, proventriculus refers to a modification of the foregut just anterior to the stomodeal valve found in many insects. Drosophila has no such foregut modification (Miller, 1950). However, the term 'proventriculus' is the one most commonly used for this structure. An organ at the junction of the foregut and midgut that has parts derived from both. The outer layer is a saccular modification of the anterior-most part of the midgut wall. This covers the cardial valve (stomodeal valve) formed by the evaginated posterior end of the esophagus. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 stomach FlyBase:FBrf0212594 A deep fold in the posterior-most part of the foregut epithelium that forms the inner part of the adult proventriculus (cardia). The space between the two layers of this fold is filled with longitudinal muscle fibers. The stomodeal intima continues over both layers. The cells of the epithelium are cuboidal to columnar and are vacuolate. fly_anatomy.ontology cardiac valve stomodeal valve FBbt:00003140 A deep fold in the posterior-most part of the foregut epithelium that forms the inner part of the adult proventriculus (cardia). The space between the two layers of this fold is filled with longitudinal muscle fibers. The stomodeal intima continues over both layers. The cells of the epithelium are cuboidal to columnar and are vacuolate. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Secreted acellular membrane that lines the midgut. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003142 Secreted acellular membrane that lines the midgut. FlyBase:FBrf0075527 PMID:319739 Hindgut of the adult digestive system. fly_anatomy.ontology posterior intestine FBbt:00003143 Hindgut of the adult digestive system. FlyBase:FBrf0064792 FlyBase:FBrf0075527 Posterior-most region of the adult hindgut. It consists of a broadly expanded rectal sac (rectal ampulla) that tapers posteriorly to the narrow rectum proper, terminating at the anus. Protruding from the walls into the lumen of the rectal sac are two pairs of conical rectal papillae. fly_anatomy.ontology adult rectum posterior intestine FBbt:00003144 Posterior-most region of the adult hindgut. It consists of a broadly expanded rectal sac (rectal ampulla) that tapers posteriorly to the narrow rectum proper, terminating at the anus. Protruding from the walls into the lumen of the rectal sac are two pairs of conical rectal papillae. FlyBase:FBrf0186027 posterior intestine FlyBase:FBrf0186027 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003145 Paired papilla projecting from the side wall into the lumen of the rectal sac. Each papillae is a conical thick-walled invagination of the epithelium 100-150um high and 65-85um in diameter basally, containing a narrow central cavity occupied by a bundle of five trachea (Miller, 1950). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003146 Paired papilla projecting from the side wall into the lumen of the rectal sac. Each papillae is a conical thick-walled invagination of the epithelium 100-150um high and 65-85um in diameter basally, containing a narrow central cavity occupied by a bundle of five trachea (Miller, 1950). FlyBase:FBrf0186027 Sphincter muscles located at the narrow posterior end of the rectum. fly_anatomy.ontology adult anal sphincter FBbt:00003147 Sphincter muscles located at the narrow posterior end of the rectum. FlyBase:FBrf0186027 adult anal sphincter FlyBase:FBrf0186027 Posterior opening of the adult hindgut. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003148 Posterior opening of the adult hindgut. FBC:SPR . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003149 . FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0031012 Hemocoel of the adult. adult haemocoel fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003150 Hemocoel of the adult. FBC:SPR Hemolymph of the adult circulatory system. adult haemolymph fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003151 Hemolymph of the adult circulatory system. FBC:SPR Dorsal vessel of the adult. It extends from the sixth abdominal segment to the dorsal anterior region of the brain (Curtis et al., 1999). The anterior portion, which is devoid of ostia, is the aorta, whilst the posterior (caudal) region, which has ostia, forms the heart proper. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003152 Dorsal vessel of the adult. It extends from the sixth abdominal segment to the dorsal anterior region of the brain (Curtis et al., 1999). The anterior portion, which is devoid of ostia, is the aorta, whilst the posterior (caudal) region, which has ostia, forms the heart proper. FlyBase:FBrf0108687 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003153 Caudal region of the adult dorsal vessel. It extends from the first to the sixth abdominal segment, lying just below the surface of the cuticle, and has four pairs of ostia (Curtis et al., 1999). It is supported along the midline of the body by a series of paired alary muscles, suspensory fibrils and a rudimentary dorsal diaphragm (Miller, 1950). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003154 Caudal region of the adult dorsal vessel. It extends from the first to the sixth abdominal segment, lying just below the surface of the cuticle, and has four pairs of ostia (Curtis et al., 1999). It is supported along the midline of the body by a series of paired alary muscles, suspensory fibrils and a rudimentary dorsal diaphragm (Miller, 1950). FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0108687 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003155 Chamber of the adult heart. heart chamber fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003156 Chamber of the adult heart. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 First, anterior-most chamber of the adult heart. It is funnel-form, widening to 120um anteriorly at its junction with the expanded end of the aorta, and is located in abdominal segments 1 and 2. fly_anatomy.ontology Ht1 chamber 1 FBbt:00003157 First, anterior-most chamber of the adult heart. It is funnel-form, widening to 120um anteriorly at its junction with the expanded end of the aorta, and is located in abdominal segments 1 and 2. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Ht1 FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Second anterior-most chamber of the adult heart. It is subcylindrical and is located in abdominal segment 3. fly_anatomy.ontology Ht2 chamber 2 FBbt:00003158 Second anterior-most chamber of the adult heart. It is subcylindrical and is located in abdominal segment 3. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Ht2 FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Third anterior-most chamber of the adult heart. It is subcylindrical and occupies abdominal segment 4. fly_anatomy.ontology Ht3 chamber 3 FBbt:00003159 Third anterior-most chamber of the adult heart. It is subcylindrical and occupies abdominal segment 4. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Ht3 FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Fourth and posterior-most chamber of the adult heart. It tapers posteriorly through segment 5 to the middle of segment 6. Here the slender posterior portion is abruptly expanded and the closed end is stretched between its points of attachment on the rectum and dorsal wall. fly_anatomy.ontology Ht4 chamber 4 FBbt:00003160 Fourth and posterior-most chamber of the adult heart. It tapers posteriorly through segment 5 to the middle of segment 6. Here the slender posterior portion is abruptly expanded and the closed end is stretched between its points of attachment on the rectum and dorsal wall. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Ht4 FlyBase:FBrf0007735 adult ostia fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003161 adult ostia 1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003162 adult ostia 2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003163 adult ostia 3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003164 adult ostia 4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003165 Cardiomyocytes that flank an ostia and permit hemolymph to enter the heart for circulation. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003166 Cardiomyocytes that flank an ostia and permit hemolymph to enter the heart for circulation. The ostiolar valve of adult ostium 1. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003167 The ostiolar valve of adult ostium 1. The ostiolar valve of adult ostium 2. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003168 The ostiolar valve of adult ostium 2. The ostiolar valve of adult ostium 3. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003169 The ostiolar valve of adult ostium 3. The ostiolar valve of adult ostium 4. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003170 The ostiolar valve of adult ostium 4. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003171 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003172 Small muscular organ that functions in pumping of the hemocoel. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003173 Small muscular organ that functions in pumping of the hemocoel. FlyBase:FBrf0007734 A small band of muscle fibers that spans the angle where the scutellum joins a ridge running down to the base of the wing. It functions in the pumping of hemolymph. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003174 A small band of muscle fibers that spans the angle where the scutellum joins a ridge running down to the base of the wing. It functions in the pumping of hemolymph. FlyBase:FBrf0007734 A thin-walled ovoid ampulla about 20 x 10 um in size, located medially against the front wall of the head, directly beneath the ptilinal fold and antennae. The frontal pulsatile organ muscle 16 is inserted on its rear wall. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003175 A thin-walled ovoid ampulla about 20 x 10 um in size, located medially against the front wall of the head, directly beneath the ptilinal fold and antennae. The frontal pulsatile organ muscle 16 is inserted on its rear wall. FlyBase:FBrf0007734 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003176 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003177 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003178 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003179 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003180 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003181 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003182 fly_anatomy.ontology nephrocyte FBbt:00003183 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003184 Large, acidophilic cell found in rows under the epidermis of each abdominal segment. Two dorsal rows run from the heart tube to the spiracle, close to the posterior boundary of the segment. A single, or sometimes split, transverse row is found under each sternite. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003185 Large, acidophilic cell found in rows under the epidermis of each abdominal segment. Two dorsal rows run from the heart tube to the spiracle, close to the posterior boundary of the segment. A single, or sometimes split, transverse row is found under each sternite. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003186 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003187 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003188 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003189 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003190 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003191 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003192 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003193 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003194 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003195 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003196 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003197 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003198 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003199 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003200 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003201 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003202 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003203 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003204 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003205 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003206 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003207 Adipose system of the adult. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003208 Adipose system of the adult. FBC:SPR Fat body of the adult. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003209 Fat body of the adult. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 Component part of the adult fat body that is found in sheets beneath the body wall (Bate, 1993). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003210 Component part of the adult fat body that is found in sheets beneath the body wall (Bate, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064793 Part of the fat body that is found in the body cavity of the adults, and it derives largely from larval cells surviving through the pupal stage. It degenerate a few days post-eclosion (Bate, 1993). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003211 Part of the fat body that is found in the body cavity of the adults, and it derives largely from larval cells surviving through the pupal stage. It degenerate a few days post-eclosion (Bate, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064793 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003212 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003213 Endocrine system of the adult. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003214 Endocrine system of the adult. FBC:SPR Corpus allatum of the adult. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003215 Corpus allatum of the adult. FBC:SPR Corpus cardiacum of the adult. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003216 Corpus cardiacum of the adult. FBC:SPR Bilaterally paired neurosecretory organ of the thoracic segments, formed by the axons of Tv neurons, wrapped around support cells, forming a compact, globular structure that projects dorsally above the surface of the central nervous system. tPSO thoracic perisympathetic organ fly_anatomy.ontology dorsal median cell perisympathetic organ FBbt:00003217 Bilaterally paired neurosecretory organ of the thoracic segments, formed by the axons of Tv neurons, wrapped around support cells, forming a compact, globular structure that projects dorsally above the surface of the central nervous system. FlyBase:FBrf0190279 FlyBase:FBrf0214320 tPSO FlyBase:FBrf0190279 thoracic perisympathetic organ FlyBase:FBrf0190279 perisympathetic organ FlyBase:FBrf0190279 Muscle system of the adult. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003218 Muscle system of the adult. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Small, spindle-shaped adult muscle precursor cell that is distinct from, but closely apposed to, the surface of an imaginal disc epithelium. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003219 Small, spindle-shaped adult muscle precursor cell that is distinct from, but closely apposed to, the surface of an imaginal disc epithelium. FlyBase:FBrf0064793 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003220 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003221 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003222 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003223 Adepithelial cell associated with the prothoracic leg imaginal disc. FBbt:00100791 adepithelial cell of ventral prothoracic disc fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003224 Adepithelial cell associated with the prothoracic leg imaginal disc. FlyBase:FBrf0093123 Adepithelial cell associated with the wing imaginal disc. FBbt:00100786 adepithelial cell of dorsal mesothoracic disc fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003225 Adepithelial cell associated with the wing imaginal disc. FlyBase:FBrf0093123 Adepithelial cell associated with the mesothoracic leg imaginal disc FBbt:00100789 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003226 Adepithelial cell associated with the mesothoracic leg imaginal disc FlyBase:FBrf0093123 Adepithelial cell associated with the haltere imaginal disc. FBbt:00100787 adepithelial cell of dorsal metathoracic disc fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003227 Adepithelial cell associated with the haltere imaginal disc. FlyBase:FBrf0093123 Adepithelial cell associated with the metathoracic leg imaginal disc. FBbt:00100790 adepithelial cell of ventral metathoracic disc fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003228 Adepithelial cell associated with the metathoracic leg imaginal disc. FlyBase:FBrf0093123 Adepithelial cell associated with the genital imaginal disc. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003229 Adepithelial cell associated with the genital imaginal disc. FBC:SPR fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003230 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003231 Cell persisting from the embryonic stage that contributes to the adult musculature. During metamorphosis, myoblasts aggregate and fuse together to form the adult muscle either on the remnants of larval muscles or independently on the newly forming adult epidermis (Bate, 1993). adult myoblast fly_anatomy.ontology AMP P1 AdMus FBbt:00003232 Cell persisting from the embryonic stage that contributes to the adult musculature. During metamorphosis, myoblasts aggregate and fuse together to form the adult muscle either on the remnants of larval muscles or independently on the newly forming adult epidermis (Bate, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0053819 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 adult myoblast FlyBase:FBrf0064793 P1 AdMus FBC:ds555 adult thoracic myoblast fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003233 adult thoracic myoblast FlyBase:FBrf0064793 An adult muscle precursor cell of the abdomen. In each of segments A1-7, these form 4 clusters (dorsal, dorso-lateral, lateral and ventral) (Bate, et al., 1991) that are associated with peripheral nerves (Bate, 1993) and, during late embryogenesis, are connected to each other by a network of fine filopodia (Figeac et al., 2010). During metamorphosis, they migrate along the nerves to the sites of muscle formation at the epidermal histoblast nests (Bate, 1993) adult abdominal myoblast fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003234 An adult muscle precursor cell of the abdomen. In each of segments A1-7, these form 4 clusters (dorsal, dorso-lateral, lateral and ventral) (Bate, et al., 1991) that are associated with peripheral nerves (Bate, 1993) and, during late embryogenesis, are connected to each other by a network of fine filopodia (Figeac et al., 2010). During metamorphosis, they migrate along the nerves to the sites of muscle formation at the epidermal histoblast nests (Bate, 1993) FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0210887 FlyBase:FlyBase:FBrf0053819 adult abdominal myoblast FlyBase:FBrf0064793 An adult muscle precursor cell of abdominal segments A1-7 that is located in the dorsal-most cluster of abdominal adult muscle precursors. This cluster begins life as a single cell associated with the intersegmental nerve (Bate et al., 1991) and connected to abdominal adult muscle precursor cells in the same segment by filopodia (Figeac et al., 2010). The cluster remains associated with this nerve through most of development, but migrates to the epidermal histoblast nests where muscle formation is initiated during metamorphosis (Bate, 1993). DAMP DaP dorsal adult muscle precursor dorsal adult muscle precursor cluster abdominal dorsal adult precursor fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003235 An adult muscle precursor cell of abdominal segments A1-7 that is located in the dorsal-most cluster of abdominal adult muscle precursors. This cluster begins life as a single cell associated with the intersegmental nerve (Bate et al., 1991) and connected to abdominal adult muscle precursor cells in the same segment by filopodia (Figeac et al., 2010). The cluster remains associated with this nerve through most of development, but migrates to the epidermal histoblast nests where muscle formation is initiated during metamorphosis (Bate, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0210887 FlyBase:FlyBase:FBrf0053819 DAMP FlyBase:FBrf0210887 DaP FlyBase:FBrf0100229 dorsal adult muscle precursor FlyBase:FBrf0210887 dorsal adult precursor FlyBase:FBrf0100229 dorsal adult muscle precursor cluster abdominal 1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003236 dorsal adult muscle precursor cluster abdominal 2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003237 dorsal adult muscle precursor cluster abdominal 3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003238 dorsal adult muscle precursor cluster abdominal 4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003239 dorsal adult muscle precursor cluster abdominal 5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003240 dorsal adult muscle precursor cluster abdominal 6 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003241 dorsal adult muscle precursor cluster abdominal 7 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003242 An adult muscle precursor cell of abdominal segments A1-7 that is located in a lateral cluster of abdominal adult muscle precursors. This cluster begins life as a pair of cells associated with a posterior branch of the segmental nerve that innervates the segment border muscle (muscle 8) (Bate et al., 1991) and connected to abdominal adult muscle precursor cells in the same segment by filopodia (Figeac et al., 2010). The cluster remains associated with this nerve through most of development, but migrates to the epidermal histoblast nests where muscle formation is initiated during metamorphosis (Bate, 1993). LAMP LaP lateral adult muscle precursor lateral adult muscle precursor cluster abdominal lateral adult precursor fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003243 An adult muscle precursor cell of abdominal segments A1-7 that is located in a lateral cluster of abdominal adult muscle precursors. This cluster begins life as a pair of cells associated with a posterior branch of the segmental nerve that innervates the segment border muscle (muscle 8) (Bate et al., 1991) and connected to abdominal adult muscle precursor cells in the same segment by filopodia (Figeac et al., 2010). The cluster remains associated with this nerve through most of development, but migrates to the epidermal histoblast nests where muscle formation is initiated during metamorphosis (Bate, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0210887 FlyBase:FlyBase:FBrf0053819 LAMP FlyBase:FBrf0210887 LaP FlyBase:FBrf0100229 lateral adult muscle precursor FlyBase:FBrf0210887 lateral adult precursor FlyBase:FBrf0100229 lateral adult muscle precursor cluster abdominal 1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003244 lateral adult muscle precursor cluster abdominal 2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003245 lateral adult muscle precursor cluster abdominal 3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003246 lateral adult muscle precursor cluster abdominal 4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003247 lateral adult muscle precursor cluster abdominal 5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003248 lateral adult muscle precursor cluster abdominal 6 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003249 lateral adult muscle precursor cluster abdominal 7 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003250 An adult muscle precursor cell of abdominal segments A1-7 that is located in a ventral cluster of abdominal adult muscle precursors. This cluster begins life as a single cell associated with the ventral branch of the segmental nerve (Bate et al., 1991) and connected to abdominal adult muscle precursor cells in the same segment by filopodia (Figeac et al., 2010). The cluster remains associated with this nerve through most of development, but migrates to the epidermal histoblast nests where muscle formation is initiated during metamorphosis (Bate, 1993). VAMP VaP ventral adult muscle precursor ventral adult muscle precursor cluster abdominal ventral adult precursor fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003251 An adult muscle precursor cell of abdominal segments A1-7 that is located in a ventral cluster of abdominal adult muscle precursors. This cluster begins life as a single cell associated with the ventral branch of the segmental nerve (Bate et al., 1991) and connected to abdominal adult muscle precursor cells in the same segment by filopodia (Figeac et al., 2010). The cluster remains associated with this nerve through most of development, but migrates to the epidermal histoblast nests where muscle formation is initiated during metamorphosis (Bate, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0210887 FlyBase:FlyBase:FBrf0053819 VAMP FlyBase:FBrf0210887 VaP FlyBase:FBrf0100229 ventral adult muscle precursor FlyBase:FBrf0210887 ventral adult precursor FlyBase:FBrf0100229 ventral adult muscle precursor cluster abdominal 1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003252 ventral adult muscle precursor cluster abdominal 2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003253 ventral adult muscle precursor cluster abdominal 3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003254 ventral adult muscle precursor cluster abdominal 4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003255 ventral adult muscle precursor cluster abdominal 5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003256 ventral adult muscle precursor cluster abdominal 6 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003257 ventral adult muscle precursor cluster abdominal 7 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003258 Muscle attached to the inner surface of the adult body wall, extending between articulated or flexibly joined areas, that serves to move the parts of the exoskeleton. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003259 Muscle attached to the inner surface of the adult body wall, extending between articulated or flexibly joined areas, that serves to move the parts of the exoskeleton. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Somatic muscle that is part of the adult head. somatic muscle of head fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003260 Somatic muscle that is part of the adult head. FBC:SPR Muscle involved in the retraction of the proboscis (muscle 1 and 2), or that acts as a proboscis flexor (muscle 3). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003261 Muscle involved in the retraction of the proboscis (muscle 1 and 2), or that acts as a proboscis flexor (muscle 3). FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Muscle inserted in the dorso-posterior of the head capsule that is involved in proboscis retraction. fly_anatomy.ontology lateral labial adductor muscle retractors of rostrum FBbt:00003262 Maybe - rostral protractors. Muscle inserted in the dorso-posterior of the head capsule that is involved in proboscis retraction. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 ISBN:978-1-58706-259-9 Muscle involved in proboscis retraction. It is shorter than proboscis muscle 1. fly_anatomy.ontology accessory retractors of rostrum maxillary retractor muscle FBbt:00003263 Muscle involved in proboscis retraction. It is shorter than proboscis muscle 1. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 ISBN:978-1-58706-259-9 Muscle of the proboscis attached to the anterior face of the haustellum that acts as a proboscis flexor (forward motion). fly_anatomy.ontology flexors of labrum FBbt:00003264 Muscle of the proboscis attached to the anterior face of the haustellum that acts as a proboscis flexor (forward motion). FlyBase:FBrf0007735 ISBN:978-1-58706-259-9 fly_anatomy.ontology adductor of apodeme FBbt:00003265 fly_anatomy.ontology dilators of labrum-epipharynx labral compressor muscle FBbt:00003266 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003267 fly_anatomy.ontology palpal muscle retractors of paraphyses FBbt:00003268 fly_anatomy.ontology palpal muscle retractors of furca FBbt:00003269 fly_anatomy.ontology transverse labial muscle transverse of haustellum FBbt:00003270 Muscle involved in movement of the cibarium. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003271 Muscle involved in movement of the cibarium. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 ISBN:978-1-58706-259-9 Muscle of the cibarium that, together with cibarial muscle 10, rotates the pharynx up into the head. It is a longer muscle than cibarial muscle 10, and extends in a dorsomedial-anteriolateral orientation. fly_anatomy.ontology lateral pharyngeal muscle retractors of fulcrum FBbt:00003272 Muscle of the cibarium that, together with cibarial muscle 10, rotates the pharynx up into the head. It is a longer muscle than cibarial muscle 10, and extends in a dorsomedial-anteriolateral orientation. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 ISBN:978-1-58706-259-9 Muscle of the cibarium that, together with cibarial muscle 9, rotates the pharynx up into the head. It is a shorter muscle than cibarial muscle 9, extending in a dorso-posterior orientation. fly_anatomy.ontology medial pharyngeal muscle FBbt:00003273 Muscle of the cibarium that, together with cibarial muscle 9, rotates the pharynx up into the head. It is a shorter muscle than cibarial muscle 9, extending in a dorso-posterior orientation. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 ISBN:978-1-58706-259-9 Muscle involved in the dilation of the cibarium. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003274 Muscle involved in the dilation of the cibarium. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 ISBN:978-1-58706-259-9 Cibarial dilator muscle having its origin in the clypeus and connects to the median apodemal carina at the upper portion of the anterior cibarial plate (Miller, 1950). It functions together with cibarial muscle 12. fly_anatomy.ontology pharyngeal muscle FBbt:00003275 Maybe - dilator of pharynx. Cibarial dilator muscle having its origin in the clypeus and connects to the median apodemal carina at the upper portion of the anterior cibarial plate (Miller, 1950). It functions together with cibarial muscle 12. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 ISBN:978-1-58706-259-9 Cibarial dilator muscle having its origin in the clypeus and connects to the expanded ventral portion of the anterior cibarial plate (Miller, 1950). It functions together with cibarial muscle 11. fly_anatomy.ontology cibarial muscle FBbt:00003276 Cibarial dilator muscle having its origin in the clypeus and connects to the expanded ventral portion of the anterior cibarial plate (Miller, 1950). It functions together with cibarial muscle 11. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 ISBN:978-1-58706-259-9 Slender muscle extending from the opening of the salivary duct towards the head capsule. It operates the salivary pump, or valve. fly_anatomy.ontology dorsal salivary muscle gracilis FBbt:00003277 Slender muscle extending from the opening of the salivary duct towards the head capsule. It operates the salivary pump, or valve. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 ISBN:978-1-58706-259-9 Muscle involved in the movement of the second antennal segment. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003278 Muscle involved in the movement of the second antennal segment. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 ISBN:978-1-58706-259-9 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003279 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003280 Muscle that attaches anteriorly to the rear wall of the frontal pulsatile organ and posteriorly to the aorta. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003281 Muscle that attaches anteriorly to the rear wall of the frontal pulsatile organ and posteriorly to the aorta. FlyBase:FBrf0007734 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003282 . FlyBase:FBrf0007310 FlyBase:FBrf0056570 Temporary muscle extending from the vertex to the cibarium. As with temporary muscles 18a, 18b, 19a and 19b, it soon degenerates and is not found in older flies (Miller, 1950). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003283 Temporary muscle extending from the vertex to the cibarium. As with temporary muscles 18a, 18b, 19a and 19b, it soon degenerates and is not found in older flies (Miller, 1950). FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Temporary muscle extending from the ptilinum to the cibarium. As with temporary muscles 17, 18b, 19a and 19b, it soon degenerates and is not found in older flies (Miller, 1950). fly_anatomy.ontology ptilinal-esophageal muscle ptilinal-pharyngeal FBbt:00003284 Temporary muscle extending from the ptilinum to the cibarium. As with temporary muscles 17, 18b, 19a and 19b, it soon degenerates and is not found in older flies (Miller, 1950). FlyBase:FBrf0007735 A large temporary transverse muscle extending from one side of the ptilinum to the other, above the level of the antenna. As with temporary muscles 17, 18a, 19a and 19b, it soon degenerates and is not found in older flies (Miller, 1950). fly_anatomy.ontology transverse ptilinal muscle FBbt:00003285 A large temporary transverse muscle extending from one side of the ptilinum to the other, above the level of the antenna. As with temporary muscles 17, 18a, 19a and 19b, it soon degenerates and is not found in older flies (Miller, 1950). FlyBase:FBrf0007735 fly_anatomy.ontology fronto-tentorial muscle FBbt:00003286 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003287 Maybe - geno-tentorial muscle. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003288 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003289 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003290 fly_anatomy.ontology retractor of antenna muscle FBbt:00003291 fly_anatomy.ontology retractor of vertex muscle FBbt:00003292 Somatic muscle that is part of the adult neck. somatic muscle of neck fly_anatomy.ontology cervical muscle FBbt:00003293 Somatic muscle that is part of the adult neck. FBC:SPR fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003294 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003295 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003296 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003297 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003298 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003299 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003300 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003301 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003302 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003303 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003304 Somatic muscle that is part of the adult thorax. somatic muscle of thorax fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003305 Somatic muscle that is part of the adult thorax. FBC:SPR fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003306 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003307 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003308 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003309 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003310 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003311 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003312 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003313 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003314 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003315 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003316 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003317 Somatic muscle that is part of a leg. somatic muscle of leg fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003318 Somatic muscle that is part of a leg. FBC:SPR Skeletal muscle that draws part of the body down. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003319 Skeletal muscle that draws part of the body down. FBC:SPR Depressor muscle connecting the coxa and the thoracic exoskeleton. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003320 Depressor muscle connecting the coxa and the thoracic exoskeleton. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003321 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003322 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003323 Muscle attached via a long tendon to the unguitractor plate of the pretarsus. fly_anatomy.ontology retractor of the claws FBbt:00003324 Muscle attached via a long tendon to the unguitractor plate of the pretarsus. FlyBase:FBrf0007734 ISBN:978-0-8014-8125-3 retractor of the claws ISBN:978-0-8014-8125-3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003325 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003326 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003327 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003328 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003329 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003330 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003331 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003332 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003333 Somatic muscle that is part of the prothorax. somatic muscle of prothorax fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003334 Somatic muscle that is part of the prothorax. FBC:SPR fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003335 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003336 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003337 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003338 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003339 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003340 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003341 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003342 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003343 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003344 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003345 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003346 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003347 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003348 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003349 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003350 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003351 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003352 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003353 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003354 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003355 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003356 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003357 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003358 Somatic muscle that is part of the mesothorax. somatic muscle of mesothorax fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003359 Somatic muscle that is part of the mesothorax. FBC:SPR Muscle involved in the mechanism of flight. The indirect flight muscles are involved in the deformation of the thoracic terga that bear the wings but are not directly attached to the wing, whereas the direct flight muscles are attached directly to the wing and aid in fine control of its movement. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003360 Muscle involved in the mechanism of flight. The indirect flight muscles are involved in the deformation of the thoracic terga that bear the wings but are not directly attached to the wing, whereas the direct flight muscles are attached directly to the wing and aid in fine control of its movement. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0111704 Muscle involved in flight that is not directly attached to the wing base. IFM fly_anatomy.ontology fibrillar muscle FBbt:00003361 Muscle involved in flight that is not directly attached to the wing base. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0111704 An indirect flight muscle that functions as a wing depressor. The six pairs of dorsal medial muscles function to depress the wings by longitudinal arching of the scutum (Miller, 1950). DLM dorsal longitudinal muscle dorso-longitudinal muscle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003362 An indirect flight muscle that functions as a wing depressor. The six pairs of dorsal medial muscles function to depress the wings by longitudinal arching of the scutum (Miller, 1950). FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 fly_anatomy.ontology DLM dorso-longitudinal muscle FBbt:00003363 fly_anatomy.ontology DLM dorso-longitudinal muscle FBbt:00003364 fly_anatomy.ontology DLM dorso-longitudinal muscle FBbt:00003365 fly_anatomy.ontology DLM dorso-longitudinal muscle FBbt:00003366 fly_anatomy.ontology DLM dorso-longitudinal muscle FBbt:00003367 fly_anatomy.ontology DLM dorso-longitudinal muscle FBbt:00003368 fly_anatomy.ontology DVM III dorso-ventral muscle dorsoventral muscle FBbt:00003369 fly_anatomy.ontology DVM III dorso-ventral muscle dorsoventral muscle FBbt:00003370 fly_anatomy.ontology DVM III dorso-ventral muscle dorsoventral muscle FBbt:00003371 fly_anatomy.ontology DVM I dorso-ventral muscle dorsoventral muscle FBbt:00003372 fly_anatomy.ontology DVM I dorso-ventral muscle dorsoventral muscle FBbt:00003373 fly_anatomy.ontology DVM I dorso-ventral muscle dorsoventral muscle FBbt:00003374 fly_anatomy.ontology DVM I dorso-ventral muscle dorsoventral muscle FBbt:00003375 fly_anatomy.ontology DVM II dorso-ventral muscle dorsoventral muscle FBbt:00003376 fly_anatomy.ontology DVM II dorso-ventral muscle dorsoventral muscle FBbt:00003377 fly_anatomy.ontology DVM II dorso-ventral muscle dorsoventral muscle FBbt:00003378 Tubular muscle that inserts on apodemes at the base of the wing hinge and allow for the fine control of movements that are necessary for wing positioning and steering during flight (Kozopas and Nusse, 2002). fly_anatomy.ontology direct wing muscle FBbt:00003379 Tubular muscle that inserts on apodemes at the base of the wing hinge and allow for the fine control of movements that are necessary for wing positioning and steering during flight (Kozopas and Nusse, 2002). FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0144806 Tergo-pleural muscle extending from the anterior notum to the basalar of the wing (Sink, 2006). It serves to draw the wing horizontally forwards (Miller, 1950). fly_anatomy.ontology basalar muscle group B muscle prealar muscle 49 FBbt:00003380 Tergo-pleural muscle extending from the anterior notum to the basalar of the wing (Sink, 2006). It serves to draw the wing horizontally forwards (Miller, 1950). FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 Tergo-pleural muscle extending from the notum to the posterior of the basalar. Together with flight muscle 49, it functions to extend the wing (Sink, 2006). fly_anatomy.ontology b1 first basalar m.ab. 1 m.gracilis muscle of prealar apophysis pa4 second basalar muscle FBbt:00003381 Tergo-pleural muscle extending from the notum to the posterior of the basalar. Together with flight muscle 49, it functions to extend the wing (Sink, 2006). FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 m.gracilis FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Anterior-most of a pair of direct flight muscles that function to depress the anal portion of the wing (Miller, 1950). fly_anatomy.ontology muscle 58 muscle of axillary cord FBbt:00003382 Anterior-most of a pair of direct flight muscles that function to depress the anal portion of the wing (Miller, 1950). FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 Posterior-most of a pair of direct flight muscles that function to depress the anal portion of the wing (Miller, 1950). fly_anatomy.ontology muscle 58 muscle of axillary cord FBbt:00003383 Posterior-most of a pair of direct flight muscles that function to depress the anal portion of the wing (Miller, 1950). FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 Muscle of the epipleural muscle group that are involved in extending the wing and pulling the anterior wing margin down, thereby pronating the wing (Sink, 2006). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003384 Muscle of the epipleural muscle group that are involved in extending the wing and pulling the anterior wing margin down, thereby pronating the wing (Sink, 2006). FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 Direct flight muscle that depresses the anterior border of the wing (Miller, 1950). fly_anatomy.ontology b2 m.ab. 2 pa3 second basalar sternobasalar muscle FBbt:00003385 Direct flight muscle that depresses the anterior border of the wing (Miller, 1950). FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 Direct flight muscle connected to the basalar sclerite more anteriorly than muscle 51. fly_anatomy.ontology 3rd & 4th basalar muscle m.an. m.anonymous pa6 tergopleural tp FBbt:00003386 Direct flight muscle connected to the basalar sclerite more anteriorly than muscle 51. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 Direct flight muscle that inserts at one of the wing axillary sclerites (Sink, 2006). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003387 Direct flight muscle that inserts at one of the wing axillary sclerites (Sink, 2006). FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 Direct flight muscle connected to the anterior of the first axillary sclerite that, together with muscle 56, serves to raise the wing and draw it backwards (Miller, 1950). fly_anatomy.ontology anterior muscle of first axillary sclerite first pterale I, I1 m.le.1 pa3 FBbt:00003388 Direct flight muscle connected to the anterior of the first axillary sclerite that, together with muscle 56, serves to raise the wing and draw it backwards (Miller, 1950). FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 Direct flight muscle connected to the anterior of the third axillary sclerite that, together with muscle 55, serves to depress the anal portion of the wing (Miller, 1950). fly_anatomy.ontology anterior muscle of 3rd axillary sclerite first pterale III, III1 m.le.2 pa2 FBbt:00003389 Direct flight muscle connected to the anterior of the third axillary sclerite that, together with muscle 55, serves to depress the anal portion of the wing (Miller, 1950). FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 Direct flight muscle connected to the posterior of the third axillary sclerite that, together with muscle 54, serves to depress the anal portion of the wing (Miller, 1950). fly_anatomy.ontology posterior muscle of the third axillary sclerite third pterale III, III3 FBbt:00003390 Direct flight muscle connected to the posterior of the third axillary sclerite that, together with muscle 54, serves to depress the anal portion of the wing (Miller, 1950). FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Direct flight muscle connected to the posterior of the first axillary sclerite that, together with muscle 53, serves to raise the wing and draw it backwards (Miller, 1950). fly_anatomy.ontology posterior muscle of first axillary sclerite FBbt:00003391 Direct flight muscle connected to the posterior of the first axillary sclerite that, together with muscle 53, serves to raise the wing and draw it backwards (Miller, 1950). FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 Direct flight muscle connecting to the subalar sclerite that serves to draw the wing backwards toward the body (Miller, 1950). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003392 Direct flight muscle connecting to the subalar sclerite that serves to draw the wing backwards toward the body (Miller, 1950). FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003393 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003394 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003395 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003396 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003397 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003398 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003399 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003400 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003401 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003402 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003403 Extracoxal depressor muscle located in the mesothorax. This muscle is the principal executor of the jump response. extracoxal depressor of trochanter fly_anatomy.ontology TDT jump muscle tergal depressor of trochanter tergotrochanteral muscle FBbt:00003404 Extracoxal depressor muscle located in the mesothorax. This muscle is the principal executor of the jump response. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 extracoxal depressor of trochanter ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003405 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003406 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003407 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003408 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003409 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003410 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003411 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003412 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003413 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003414 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003415 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003416 Somatic muscle that is part of the metathorax. somatic muscle of mesothorax fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003417 Somatic muscle that is part of the metathorax. FBC:SPR fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003418 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003419 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003420 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003421 . FlyBase:FBrf0037610 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003422 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003423 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003424 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003425 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003426 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003427 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003428 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003429 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003430 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003431 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003432 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003433 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003434 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003435 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003436 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003437 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003438 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003439 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003440 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003441 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003442 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003443 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003444 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003445 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003446 Somatic muscle that is part of the adult abdomen. somatic muscle of abdomen fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003447 Somatic muscle that is part of the adult abdomen. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 Dorsal longitudinal muscle of the first adult abdominal segment. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003448 Dorsal longitudinal muscle of the first adult abdominal segment. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003449 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003450 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003451 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003452 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003453 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003454 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003455 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003456 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003457 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003458 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003459 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003460 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003461 Muscle consisting of between fifteen and twenty-five bilaterally located longitudinal fibers in abdominal segments 2 to 6 of males, or segments 2 to 8 of females (Miller, 1950). It is involved in moving the abdominal segment tergite. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003462 Muscle consisting of between fifteen and twenty-five bilaterally located longitudinal fibers in abdominal segments 2 to 6 of males, or segments 2 to 8 of females (Miller, 1950). It is involved in moving the abdominal segment tergite. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 Dorsal muscle group of adult abdominal segment A2. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003463 Dorsal muscle group of adult abdominal segment A2. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 Dorsal muscle group of adult abdominal segment A3. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003464 Dorsal muscle group of adult abdominal segment A3. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 Dorsal muscle group of adult abdominal segment A4. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003465 Dorsal muscle group of adult abdominal segment A4. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 Dorsal muscle group of adult abdominal segment A5. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003466 Dorsal muscle group of adult abdominal segment A5. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 Dorsal muscle group of adult abdominal segment A6. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003467 Dorsal muscle group of adult abdominal segment A6. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 Dorsal muscle group of adult female abdominal segment A7. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003468 Dorsal muscle group of adult female abdominal segment A7. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003469 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003470 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003471 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003472 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003473 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003474 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003475 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003476 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003477 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003478 Bilateral, ventrally located muscle consisting of approximately six fibers, found underneath the abdominal sternite of abdominal segments 2-6 of males or 2-8 of females. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003479 Bilateral, ventrally located muscle consisting of approximately six fibers, found underneath the abdominal sternite of abdominal segments 2-6 of males or 2-8 of females. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 Abdominal ventral muscle group of adult abdominal segment A2. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003480 Abdominal ventral muscle group of adult abdominal segment A2. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 Abdominal ventral muscle group of adult abdominal segment A3. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003481 Abdominal ventral muscle group of adult abdominal segment A3. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 Abdominal ventral muscle group of adult abdominal segment A4. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003482 Abdominal ventral muscle group of adult abdominal segment A4. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 Abdominal ventral muscle group of adult abdominal segment A5. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003483 Formerly, erroneously named abdominal 6 ventral muscle 129. Segment numbering has now been corrected to be consistent with muscle number. Abdominal ventral muscle group of adult abdominal segment A5. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 Abdominal ventral muscle group of adult abdominal segment A6. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003484 Abdominal ventral muscle group of adult abdominal segment A6. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 Abdominal ventral muscle group of adult female abdominal segment A7. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003485 Abdominal ventral muscle group of adult female abdominal segment A7. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 Abdominal ventral muscle group of adult female abdominal segment A8. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003486 Abdominal ventral muscle group of adult female abdominal segment A8. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 ISBN:978-0-387-30053-5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003487 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003488 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003489 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003490 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003491 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003492 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003493 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003494 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003495 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003496 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003497 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003498 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003499 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003500 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003501 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003502 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003503 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003504 Abdominal muscle that is specific to males. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003505 Abdominal muscle that is specific to males. FlyBase:FBrf0007734 Bilaterally symmetrical muscle spanning the fifth abdominal segment in adult males. fly_anatomy.ontology MOL muscle of Lawrence FBbt:00003506 Bilaterally symmetrical muscle spanning the fifth abdominal segment in adult males. FlyBase:FBrf0191171 FlyBase:FBrf0210762 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003507 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003508 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003509 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003510 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003511 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003512 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003513 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003514 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003515 Apodeme that is part of an adult. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003516 Apodeme that is part of an adult. FBC:SPR fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003517 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003518 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003519 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003520 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003521 Maybe - cibarial apodeme. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003522 Long, slender apodeme extending from the base of the aedeagus into the body. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003523 Long, slender apodeme extending from the base of the aedeagus into the body. FlyBase:FBrf0007734 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003524 Visceral muscle of the adult. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003525 Visceral muscle of the adult. FlyBase:FBrf0041814 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003526 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003527 Visceral muscle of the adult esophagus. adult oesophageal muscle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003528 Visceral muscle of the adult esophagus. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003529 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003530 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003531 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003532 Thin scattering of muscle fibers that cover the cardia. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003533 Thin scattering of muscle fibers that cover the cardia. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Muscle of the ventriculus. These muscles surround the thick epithelium and are loosely lined by a peritrophic membrane (Miller, 1950). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003534 Muscle of the ventriculus. These muscles surround the thick epithelium and are loosely lined by a peritrophic membrane (Miller, 1950). FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Circular muscle of the adult ventriculus. FBbt:00003538 anterior intestine circular muscle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003535 Circular muscle of the adult ventriculus. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Longitudinal muscle of the adult ventriculus. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003536 Longitudinal muscle of the adult ventriculus. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003537 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003539 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003540 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003541 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003542 Muscle of the adult that is associated with the heart. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003543 Muscle of the adult that is associated with the heart. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003544 Bilateral adult heart muscle that is involved in modulation of the flow of hemolymph into the cardiac tube, and support of the dorsal vessel during locomotion. fly_anatomy.ontology AlMsc am FBbt:00003545 Bilateral adult heart muscle that is involved in modulation of the flow of hemolymph into the cardiac tube, and support of the dorsal vessel during locomotion. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0064793 FlyBase:FBrf0208061 AlMsc FlyBase:FBrf0007735 am FlyBase:FBrf0208061 Anterior most of the alary muscles, connecting to the dorsal vessel close to ostia 1 in the second abdominal segment. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003546 Anterior most of the alary muscles, connecting to the dorsal vessel close to ostia 1 in the second abdominal segment. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Second anterior-most of the alary muscles, connecting to the dorsal vessel close to ostia 2 in the third abdominal segment. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003547 Second anterior-most of the alary muscles, connecting to the dorsal vessel close to ostia 2 in the third abdominal segment. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Third anterior-most of the alary muscles connecting to the dorsal vessel close to ostia 3 in the fourth abdominal segment. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003548 Third anterior-most of the alary muscles connecting to the dorsal vessel close to ostia 3 in the fourth abdominal segment. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 Fourth and dorsal-most of the alary muscles connecting to the dorsal vessel close to ostia 4 in the fifth abdominal segment. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003549 Fourth and dorsal-most of the alary muscles connecting to the dorsal vessel close to ostia 4 in the fifth abdominal segment. FlyBase:FBrf0007735 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003550 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003551 fly_anatomy.ontology aedeagus protractor muscle FBbt:00003552 A striated array of circular muscle fibers forming an almost continuous sheet around the common oviduct. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003553 A striated array of circular muscle fibers forming an almost continuous sheet around the common oviduct. FlyBase:FBrf0193596 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003554 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003555 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003556 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003557 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003558 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003559 . FlyBase:FBrf0002482 FlyBase:FBrf0007196 FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0034076 A neuroblast of the adult. FBbt:00005146 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003560 Obsoleted because no published evidence of the existence of neuroblasts in the adult found (DOS110616). Usage in curation seems to be either plain wrong or referring to neuroblasts that make adult neurons. Maintaining such a class by hand would not be practical. There are technical challenges to maintaining it using reasoning. true A neuroblast of the adult. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003561 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003562 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003563 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003564 . FlyBase:FBrf0047185 Neuroblast located in one of a bilateral pair of neuroblasts at the dorsal margin of the cortex near the posterior boundary of each larval thoracic neuromere. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003565 Neuroblast located in one of a bilateral pair of neuroblasts at the dorsal margin of the cortex near the posterior boundary of each larval thoracic neuromere. FlyBase:FBrf0047185 Lateral neuroblast of larval thoracic segment. One of a pair of these neuroblasts is present per thoracic segment - adjacent to but deeper than the al neuroblast at the lateral margin of the CNS. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003566 Lateral neuroblast of larval thoracic segment. One of a pair of these neuroblasts is present per thoracic segment - adjacent to but deeper than the al neuroblast at the lateral margin of the CNS. FlyBase:FBrf0047185 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003567 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003568 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003569 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003570 One of a bilaterally symmetric pair of neuroblasts located near the anterior boundary of each thoracic segment, lateral to the lateral-most thoracic neuroblast s. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003571 One of a bilaterally symmetric pair of neuroblasts located near the anterior boundary of each thoracic segment, lateral to the lateral-most thoracic neuroblast s. FlyBase:FBrf0047185 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003572 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003573 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003574 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003575 Medial-most (?) thoracic neuroblast d. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003576 Not clear how the numbering of these neuroblasts works. Assuming numbered from midline out. ds090624. Medial-most (?) thoracic neuroblast d. FlyBase:FBrf0047185 Middle (?) thoracic neuroblast d. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003577 Not clear how the numbering of these neuroblasts works. Assuming numbered from midline out. ds090624. Middle (?) thoracic neuroblast d. FlyBase:FBrf0047185 Lateral-most (?) thoracic neuroblast d. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003578 Not clear how the numbering of these neuroblasts works. Assuming numbered from midline out. ds090624. Lateral-most (?) thoracic neuroblast d. FlyBase:FBrf0047185 Medial-most (?) of each pair of b neuroblasts. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003579 Not clear on origin of numbering for subtypes of b neuroblasts. Have assumed numbered from medial to lateral. Medial-most (?) of each pair of b neuroblasts. FlyBase:FBrf0047815 Lateral-most (?) of each pair of b neuroblasts. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003580 Not clear on origin of numbering for subtypes of b neuroblasts. Have assumed numbered from medial to lateral. ds090624. Lateral-most (?) of each pair of b neuroblasts. FlyBase:FBrf0047815 Small neuroblast located medially, one either side of the midline, between the two rows of s neuroblasts. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003581 Small neuroblast located medially, one either side of the midline, between the two rows of s neuroblasts. FlyBase:FBrf0047185 Anterior lateral neuroblast of larval thoracic segment. One of a pair of these neuroblasts is present per thoracic segment - located superficially and at the lateral margin of the CNS. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003582 Anterior lateral neuroblast of larval thoracic segment. One of a pair of these neuroblasts is present per thoracic segment - located superficially and at the lateral margin of the CNS. FlyBase:FBrf0047815 Medial, superficial neuroblast of the larval thorax. A single neuroblast is located caudally in each thoracic segment, on the ventral midline. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003583 Medial, superficial neuroblast of the larval thorax. A single neuroblast is located caudally in each thoracic segment, on the ventral midline. FlyBase:FBrf0047185 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003584 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003585 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003586 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003587 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003588 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003589 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003590 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003591 Anterior lateral neuroblast of larval abdominal segment 1. One of a pair of these neuroblasts is present per thoracic segment - located superficially and at the lateral margin of the CNS. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003592 Anterior lateral neuroblast of larval abdominal segment 1. One of a pair of these neuroblasts is present per thoracic segment - located superficially and at the lateral margin of the CNS. FlyBase:FBrf0047185 Medial, superficial neuroblast of larval abdominal segment 1. A single neuroblast is located caudally in each thoracic segment, on the ventral midline. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003593 Medial, superficial neuroblast of larval abdominal segment 1. A single neuroblast is located caudally in each thoracic segment, on the ventral midline. FlyBase:FBrf0047185 Neuroblast dorsolaterally located in the larval abdominal segment A2. abdominal 2 neuroblast dorso-lateral cluster fly_anatomy.ontology dl FBbt:00003594 Neuroblast dorsolaterally located in the larval abdominal segment A2. FlyBase:FBrf0047815 Paired ventrolateral serotonergic neuron of abdominal segment A2. abdominal 2 ventro-lateral cluster neuron fly_anatomy.ontology vl FBbt:00003595 Paired ventrolateral serotonergic neuron of abdominal segment A2. FlyBase:FBrf0076116 FlyBase:FBrf0100717 Neuroblast ventromedially located in the larval abdominal segment A2. abdominal 2 neuroblast ventro-medial cluster fly_anatomy.ontology paramedial cell vm FBbt:00003596 Neuroblast ventromedially located in the larval abdominal segment A2. FlyBase:FBrf0047815 . FBbt:00003616 fly_anatomy.ontology m FBbt:00003597 Obsoleted because there is an abdominal medial neuroblast only in abdominal segment 1. true . FlyBase:FBrf0076116 Neuroblast dorsolaterally located in the larval abdomen. abdominal neuroblast dorso-lateral cluster fly_anatomy.ontology dl FBbt:00003598 Neuroblast dorsolaterally located in the larval abdomen. FlyBase:FBrf0047815 Neuroblast dorsolaterally located in larval abdominal segment A3. abdominal 3 neuroblast dorso-lateral cluster fly_anatomy.ontology dl FBbt:00003599 Neuroblast dorsolaterally located in larval abdominal segment A3. FlyBase:FBrf0047815 Neuroblast dorsolaterally located in larval abdominal segment A4. abdominal 4 neuroblast dorso-lateral cluster fly_anatomy.ontology dl FBbt:00003600 Neuroblast dorsolaterally located in larval abdominal segment A4. FlyBase:FBrf0047815 Neuroblast dorsolaterally located in larval abdominal segment A5. abdominal 5 neuroblast dorso-lateral cluster fly_anatomy.ontology dl FBbt:00003601 Neuroblast dorsolaterally located in larval abdominal segment A5. FlyBase:FBrf0047815 Neuroblast dorsolaterally located in larval abdominal segment A6. abdominal 6 neuroblast dorso-lateral cluster fly_anatomy.ontology dl FBbt:00003602 Neuroblast dorsolaterally located in larval abdominal segment A6. FlyBase:FBrf0047815 Neuroblast dorsolaterally located in larval abdominal segment A7. abdominal 7 neuroblast dorso-lateral cluster fly_anatomy.ontology dl FBbt:00003603 Neuroblast dorsolaterally located in larval abdominal segment A7. FlyBase:FBrf0047815 Neuroblast ventrolaterally located in the larval abdomen. abdominal ventro-lateral cluster neuroblast fly_anatomy.ontology vl FBbt:00003604 Neuroblast ventrolaterally located in the larval abdomen. FlyBase:FBrf0047815 Paired ventrolateral serotonin neuron of abdominal segment A3. abdominal 3 ventro-lateral cluster neuron fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003605 Paired ventrolateral serotonin neuron of abdominal segment A3. FlyBase:FBrf0076116 FlyBase:FBrf0100717 Paired ventrolateral serotonergic neuron of abdominal segment A4. abdominal 4 ventro-lateral cluster neuron fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003606 Paired ventrolateral serotonergic neuron of abdominal segment A4. FlyBase:FBrf0076116 FlyBase:FBrf0100717 Paired ventrolateral serotonergic neuron of abdominal segment A5. abdominal 5 ventro-lateral cluster neuron fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003607 Paired ventrolateral serotonergic neuron of abdominal segment A5. FlyBase:FBrf0076116 FlyBase:FBrf0100717 Paired ventrolateral serotonergic neuron of abdominal segment A6. abdominal 6 ventro-lateral cluster neuron fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003608 Paired ventrolateral serotonergic neuron of abdominal segment A6. FlyBase:FBrf0076116 FlyBase:FBrf0100717 FBbt:00100758 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003609 The original term was probably made in error while make a set of terms for clusters of serotonergic neurons. abdominal 7 ventro-lateral neuroblast (FBbt:00100758) is an obvious replacement term given this terms name (there was no definition). true Neuroblast ventromedially located in the larval abdomen. abdominal neuroblast ventro-medial cluster fly_anatomy.ontology paramedial cell vm FBbt:00003610 Neuroblast ventromedially located in the larval abdomen. FlyBase:FBrf0047815 Neuroblast ventromedially located in larval abdominal segment A3. abdominal 3 neuroblast ventro-medial cluster fly_anatomy.ontology paramedial cell vm FBbt:00003611 Neuroblast ventromedially located in larval abdominal segment A3. FlyBase:FBrf0047815 Neuroblast ventromedially located in larval abdominal segment A4. abdominal 4 neuroblast ventro-medial cluster fly_anatomy.ontology paramedial cell vm FBbt:00003612 Neuroblast ventromedially located in larval abdominal segment A4. FlyBase:FBrf0047815 Neuroblast ventromedially located in larval abdominal segment A5. abdominal 5 neuroblast ventro-medial cluster fly_anatomy.ontology paramedial cell vm FBbt:00003613 Neuroblast ventromedially located in larval abdominal segment A5. FlyBase:FBrf0047815 Neuroblast ventromedially located in larval abdominal segment A6. abdominal 6 neuroblast ventro-medial cluster fly_anatomy.ontology paramedial cell vm FBbt:00003614 Neuroblast ventromedially located in larval abdominal segment A6. FlyBase:FBrf0047815 Neuroblast ventromedially located in larval abdominal segment A7. abdominal 7 neuroblast ventro-medial cluster fly_anatomy.ontology paramedial cell vm FBbt:00003615 Neuroblast ventromedially located in larval abdominal segment A7. FlyBase:FBrf0047815 Medially located neuroblast of the abdominal segment. abdominal neuroblast medial cluster fly_anatomy.ontology m FBbt:00003616 Medially located neuroblast of the abdominal segment. FlyBase:FBrf0047815 FBbt:00003616 fly_anatomy.ontology m FBbt:00003617 Obsoleted because there is an abdominal medial neuroblast only in abdominal segment 1. true FBbt:00003616 fly_anatomy.ontology m FBbt:00003618 Obsoleted because there is an abdominal medial neuroblast only in abdominal segment 1. true FBbt:00003616 fly_anatomy.ontology m FBbt:00003619 Obsoleted because there is an abdominal medial neuroblast only in abdominal segment 1. true FBbt:00003616 fly_anatomy.ontology m FBbt:00003620 Obsoleted because there is an abdominal medial neuroblast only in abdominal segment 1. true FBbt:00003616 fly_anatomy.ontology m FBbt:00003621 Obsoleted because there is an abdominal medial neuroblast only in abdominal segment 1. true fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003622 Central nervous system of the adult. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003623 Central nervous system of the adult. FBC:SPR Brain of the adult. VFB:FBbt_00003624 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003624 Brain of the adult. FBC:SPR Superficial layer of the brain, composed of glia and the cell bodies of neurons (soma). VFB:FBbt_00003625 perikaryal rind fly_anatomy.ontology cerebral cortex FBbt:00003625 Superficial layer of the brain, composed of glia and the cell bodies of neurons (soma). FBC:VH The pre-oral neuropils of the brain located above the esophagus and comprising three fused ganglia (protocerebrum, deuterocerebrum, and tritocerebrum) in the head. VFB:FBbt_00003626 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003626 The pre-oral neuropils of the brain located above the esophagus and comprising three fused ganglia (protocerebrum, deuterocerebrum, and tritocerebrum) in the head. http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/terms/terms.html The most anterior of the segmental subdivisions of the insect CNS; thought to represent the first pre-oral segment of the brain. The protocerebrum comprises many discrete neuropil regions including the central body complex and mushroom bodies. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003627 The most anterior of the segmental subdivisions of the insect CNS; thought to represent the first pre-oral segment of the brain. The protocerebrum comprises many discrete neuropil regions including the central body complex and mushroom bodies. http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/terms/terms.html Period (FBgn0003068) expressing neuron of the adult brain whose cell body is located in the posterior, dorsal-most cortex. VFB:FBbt_00003628 fly_anatomy.ontology DN period neuron adult dorsal neuron FBbt:00003628 Kaneko et al., (1997) suggest that the larval DN period neurons could be the same cells as the adult DN period neurons based on position of the soma. However, they further comment that these cells do not continuously express Period (FBgn0003068) throughout the developmental stages, making developmental profiling difficult. Furthermore, antiphase cycling of Period observed in larval DN period neuron-2 was not found in either the pupal or adult DN period neuron-2, suggesting that these cells would have to change their Period cycling phase during metamorphosis if they are the same cells. Because of this uncertainty, this ontology does not currently record a developmental relationship between the larval and adult DN neurons. Period (FBgn0003068) expressing neuron of the adult brain whose cell body is located in the posterior, dorsal-most cortex. FlyBase:FBrf0056576 FlyBase:FBrf0098279 FlyBase:FBrf0162235 DN (dorsal Period-expressing neuron of adult brain) whose cell body is located dorsal to the projections of the `s-LNv Pdf neurons` (FBbt:00003764). There are about 17 of these per cluster. VFB:FBbt_00003629 fly_anatomy.ontology adult dorsal neuron 1 adult dorsal neuron-1 FBbt:00003629 DN (dorsal Period-expressing neuron of adult brain) whose cell body is located dorsal to the projections of the `s-LNv Pdf neurons` (FBbt:00003764). There are about 17 of these per cluster. FlyBase:FBrf0183981 FlyBase:FBrf0193849 DN (dorsal Period-expressing neuron of adult brain) whose medium-sized cell body is located posteriorly in the dorsal superior brain, ventral to the projections of the `s-LNv Pdf neurons` (FBbt:00003764). There are 2 cells in each DN2 cluster. VFB:FBbt_00003630 fly_anatomy.ontology DN2 adult dorsal neuron 2 adult dorsal neuron-2 FBbt:00003630 DN (dorsal Period-expressing neuron of adult brain) whose medium-sized cell body is located posteriorly in the dorsal superior brain, ventral to the projections of the `s-LNv Pdf neurons` (FBbt:00003764). There are 2 cells in each DN2 cluster. FlyBase:FBrf0183981 DN (dorsal Period-expressing neuron of adult brain) with a cell body located in the lateral-most cluster of Period expressing DN neurons. There are around 40 cells in each cluster. VFB:FBbt_00003631 fly_anatomy.ontology DN3 adult dorsal neuron-3 FBbt:00003631 DN (dorsal Period-expressing neuron of adult brain) with a cell body located in the lateral-most cluster of Period expressing DN neurons. There are around 40 cells in each cluster. FlyBase:FBrf0193849 A midline crossing complex of 5 synaptic neuropil domains: the ellipsoid body, the fan-shaped body, the paired noduli, the bulb (lateral triangle), and the protocerebral bridge. It is closely associated with another paired synaptic neuropil domain, the lateral accessory lobe. It lies in the middle of the brain between the pedunculi of the mushroom bodies and is bounded ventrally by the esophagus, dorsally by the pars intercerebralis and laterally by the antenno-glomerular tracts. VFB:FBbt_00003632 adult central body complex fly_anatomy.ontology central body central body complex FBbt:00003632 Some authors' use of the term 'central body' excludes the protocerebral bridge, some usage also excludes the noduli, some exclude the lateral triangles, and historically it has been used to refer to the fan-shaped body alone (Hanesch et al., 1989). A midline crossing complex of 5 synaptic neuropil domains: the ellipsoid body, the fan-shaped body, the paired noduli, the bulb (lateral triangle), and the protocerebral bridge. It is closely associated with another paired synaptic neuropil domain, the lateral accessory lobe. It lies in the middle of the brain between the pedunculi of the mushroom bodies and is bounded ventrally by the esophagus, dorsally by the pars intercerebralis and laterally by the antenno-glomerular tracts. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/terms/terms.html An interneuron whose arborization fields are small. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003633 An interneuron whose arborization fields are small. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 Small field neuron of the central complex that arborizes in a single glomerulus of the protocerebral bridge, layer one or two of the fan-shaped body and the contralateral nodulus. Fibers of two adjacent glomeruli join into bundles that run ipsilaterally to the fan-shaped body and enter it in the fourth layer without crossing each other. FlyBrain_NDB:10240 VFB:FBbt_00003634 VFS fly_anatomy.ontology VFS vertical fiber system FBbt:00003634 Not to be confused with the vertical system (VS) neurons of the lobula plate (FBbt:00007516). Small field neuron of the central complex that arborizes in a single glomerulus of the protocerebral bridge, layer one or two of the fan-shaped body and the contralateral nodulus. Fibers of two adjacent glomeruli join into bundles that run ipsilaterally to the fan-shaped body and enter it in the fourth layer without crossing each other. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 VFS FlyBrain_NDB:10240 Neuron whose cell body lies in the cortex just dorsal to the protocerebral bridge and that innervates a single glomerulus of the protocerebral bridge, a segment pair of the fan-shaped body and one of the two ventral bodies (lateral accessory lobes). Bundles of 3 or 4 horizontal fiber system neurons connect each glomerulus to a fan-shaped body segment and then run horizontally in layer 4 where they arborize in all 4 shells. Arborizations in the protocerebral bridge are spiny, terminals in the ventral bodies are blebs, both types of terminals are formed in the fan-shaped body. FlyBrain_NDB:10254 VFB:FBbt_00003635 HFS heavy fibers fly_anatomy.ontology horizontal fiber system FBbt:00003635 Neuron whose cell body lies in the cortex just dorsal to the protocerebral bridge and that innervates a single glomerulus of the protocerebral bridge, a segment pair of the fan-shaped body and one of the two ventral bodies (lateral accessory lobes). Bundles of 3 or 4 horizontal fiber system neurons connect each glomerulus to a fan-shaped body segment and then run horizontally in layer 4 where they arborize in all 4 shells. Arborizations in the protocerebral bridge are spiny, terminals in the ventral bodies are blebs, both types of terminals are formed in the fan-shaped body. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 HFS FlyBase:FBrf0049409 HFS FlyBrain_NDB:10254 heavy fibers FlyBase:FBrf0006003 Interneuron that is intrinsic (local) to a single neuropil domain of the central complex and that connects two substructures of it. VFB:FBbt_00003636 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003636 Interneuron that is intrinsic (local) to a single neuropil domain of the central complex and that connects two substructures of it. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 Small field neuron of the central complex that connects a large dorso-lateral area of the ellipsoid body to a lateral glomerulus of the ipsilateral protocerebral bridge and to either the ipsilateral or contralateral lateral accessory lobe (ventral body). Forms club-like terminals in the protocerebral bridge and spiny arborizations in the ellipsoid body. VFB:FBbt_00003637 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003637 Small field neuron of the central complex that connects a large dorso-lateral area of the ellipsoid body to a lateral glomerulus of the ipsilateral protocerebral bridge and to either the ipsilateral or contralateral lateral accessory lobe (ventral body). Forms club-like terminals in the protocerebral bridge and spiny arborizations in the ellipsoid body. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 Small field neuron of the central complex that innervates only the ellipsoid body and the nodulus. FlyBrain_NDB:10250 VFB:FBbt_00003638 CCI (no-eb1) fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003638 Small field neuron of the central complex that innervates only the ellipsoid body and the nodulus. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 CCI (no-eb1) FlyBrain_NDB:10250 Small field neuron of the central complex that has small arborizations with club-like fiber endings in the fan-shaped body and terminates with spines and blebs in the contralateral nodulus. FlyBrain_NDB:10249 VFB:FBbt_00003639 CCI (fb-no) fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003639 Small field neuron of the central complex that has small arborizations with club-like fiber endings in the fan-shaped body and terminates with spines and blebs in the contralateral nodulus. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 CCI (fb-no) FlyBrain_NDB:10249 A small field neuron intrinsic to the central complex that arborizes in only the fan-shaped body and the ellipsoid body. VFB:FBbt_00003640 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003640 A small field neuron intrinsic to the central complex that arborizes in only the fan-shaped body and the ellipsoid body. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 A small field neuron intrinsic to the central complex that arborizes in only the fan-shaped body, the ellipsoid body and the nodulus. VFB:FBbt_00003641 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003641 A small field neuron intrinsic to the central complex that arborizes in only the fan-shaped body, the ellipsoid body and the nodulus. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 A small field neuron of the adult central complex that innervates only the fan-shaped body and the bulbs (lateral triangles). VFB:FBbt_00003642 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003642 A small field neuron of the adult central complex that innervates only the fan-shaped body and the bulbs (lateral triangles). FlyBase:FBrf0049409 A small field neuron of the adult central complex that innervates only the protocerebral bridge and the noduli. FlyBrain_NDB:10248 VFB:FBbt_00003643 CCI (pb-no1) fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003643 A small field neuron of the adult central complex that innervates only the protocerebral bridge and the noduli. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 CCI (pb-no1) FlyBrain_NDB:10248 A small field neuron of the adult central complex that innervates only the protocerebral bridge and either two adjacent segments of one layer of the fan-shaped body or adjacent layers of a single segment. VFB:FBbt_00003644 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003644 A small field neuron of the adult central complex that innervates only the protocerebral bridge and either two adjacent segments of one layer of the fan-shaped body or adjacent layers of a single segment. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 A small field neuron of the adult central complex that innervates only the protocerebral bridge and two sectors of the ellipsoid body. VFB:FBbt_00003645 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003645 A small field neuron of the adult central complex that innervates only the protocerebral bridge and two sectors of the ellipsoid body. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 A small field neuron of the adult central complex that innervates only the protocerebral bridge, the ellipsoid body and the ipsilateral nodulus. FlyBrain_NDB:10241 VFB:FBbt_00003646 CCI (pb-eb-no1) fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003646 A small field neuron of the adult central complex that innervates only the protocerebral bridge, the ellipsoid body and the ipsilateral nodulus. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 CCI (pb-eb-no1) FlyBrain_NDB:10241 A small field neuron of the adult central complex that innervates only the protocerebral bridge, the ellipsoid body and the fan-shaped body. VFB:FBbt_00003647 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003647 A small field neuron of the adult central complex that innervates only the protocerebral bridge, the ellipsoid body and the fan-shaped body. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 Interneuron with one or more large arborization fields relative to the neuropil domain(s) it innervates. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003648 Interneuron with one or more large arborization fields relative to the neuropil domain(s) it innervates. A large field neuron that forms ring-shaped arborizations in the ellipsoid body that circle the ellipsoid body canal. These arborizations may form complete or partial rings. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003649 A large field neuron that forms ring-shaped arborizations in the ellipsoid body that circle the ellipsoid body canal. These arborizations may form complete or partial rings. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 Ring neuron R that arborizes in an inner ring of the ellipsoid body, close to the ellipsoid body canal. Arborizing branches originate in the ellipsoid body canal and extend outwards. FlyBrain_NDB:10260 R1 neuron ebR1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003650 Ring neuron R that arborizes in an inner ring of the ellipsoid body, close to the ellipsoid body canal. Arborizing branches originate in the ellipsoid body canal and extend outwards. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 FlyBase:FBrf0111476 R1 neuron FlyBase:FBrf0111476 ebR1 FlyBrain_NDB:10260 Ring neuron R that arborizes only in the outer ring of the ellipsoid body. Arborizing branches originate in the ellipsoid body canal and radiate outwards. FlyBrain_NDB:10262 R2 neuron ebR2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003651 Ring neuron R that arborizes only in the outer ring of the ellipsoid body. Arborizing branches originate in the ellipsoid body canal and radiate outwards. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 FlyBase:FBrf0111476 FlyBase:FBrf0210156 R2 neuron FlyBase:FBrf0111476 ebR2 FlyBrain_NDB:10262 Ring neuron R that arborizes in the anterior layer of the inner and outer rings of the ellipsoid body. Arborizing branches originate in the ellipsoid body canal and extend outwards. FlyBrain_NDB:10263 R3 neuron ebR3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003652 Ring neuron R that arborizes in the anterior layer of the inner and outer rings of the ellipsoid body. Arborizing branches originate in the ellipsoid body canal and extend outwards. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 FlyBase:FBrf0111476 R3 neuron FlyBase:FBrf0111476 ebR3 FlyBrain_NDB:10263 Ring neuron R that arborizes only in the outer ring of the ellipsoid body. Arborizing branches originate in the periphery of the ellipsoid body canal and extend inwards. FlyBrain_NDB:10261 R4 neuron ebR4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003653 Ring neuron R that arborizes only in the outer ring of the ellipsoid body. Arborizing branches originate in the periphery of the ellipsoid body canal and extend inwards. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 FlyBase:FBrf0111476 R4 neuron FlyBase:FBrf0111476 ebR4 FlyBrain_NDB:10261 Ring neuron with arborizations outside the central complex. fly_anatomy.ontology ExR FBbt:00003654 Ring neuron with arborizations outside the central complex. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 Extrinsic ring neuron with a large soma located in the pars intercerebralis. It projects ventrally and ipsilaterally, arborizing in the superior medial protocerebrum (smpr), the upper fan-shaped body and lateral accessory lobes (ventral bodies). Its main projection then encircles the ellipsoid body and sends multiple evenly spaced projections that arborize in an anterior ring corresponding to the arborization domain of R3 neurons. Arborizations of this neuron are spiny (Hanesch et al., 1989). They are presynaptic in the fan-shaped body and ellipsoid body and postsynaptic in the lateral accessory lobes and smpr (Armstrong and Young, 2010). FlyBrain_NDB:10264 ExR1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003655 Sites inferred to be presynaptic by localization of fluorescently tagged synaptobrevin and to be post-synaptic by localization of fluorescently tagged DSCAM (Young and Armstrong, 2010). Extrinsic ring neuron with a large soma located in the pars intercerebralis. It projects ventrally and ipsilaterally, arborizing in the superior medial protocerebrum (smpr), the upper fan-shaped body and lateral accessory lobes (ventral bodies). Its main projection then encircles the ellipsoid body and sends multiple evenly spaced projections that arborize in an anterior ring corresponding to the arborization domain of R3 neurons. Arborizations of this neuron are spiny (Hanesch et al., 1989). They are presynaptic in the fan-shaped body and ellipsoid body and postsynaptic in the lateral accessory lobes and smpr (Armstrong and Young, 2010). FlyBase:FBrf0049409 FlyBase:FBrf0210154 ExR1 FlyBrain_NDB:10264 Extrinsic ring neuron that arborizes with blebs in the posterior of the ellipsoid body. It branches in the median protocerebrum. FlyBrain_NDB:10265 ExR2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003656 Extrinsic ring neuron that arborizes with blebs in the posterior of the ellipsoid body. It branches in the median protocerebrum. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 ExR2 FlyBrain_NDB:10265 Neuron with a large arborization field that forms a quasi-horizontal strata within the fan-shaped body that fills it in both the transverse and longitudinal directions. They mostly extend caudally from the anterior margin of the fan-shaped body. This pattern makes some of them look like a fan, although the strata in most cases do not show a separation into 8 (or 16) segments. Some subtypes are specific to a single fan-shaped body layer. F neuron fan shaped neuron fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003657 Neuron with a large arborization field that forms a quasi-horizontal strata within the fan-shaped body that fills it in both the transverse and longitudinal directions. They mostly extend caudally from the anterior margin of the fan-shaped body. This pattern makes some of them look like a fan, although the strata in most cases do not show a separation into 8 (or 16) segments. Some subtypes are specific to a single fan-shaped body layer. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 F neuron FlyBase:FBrf0049409 FlyBase:FBrf0210154 Fan-shaped neuron that projects through the ellipsoid body canal via the median bundle to arborize with bleb-like terminals in the second layer of the fan-shaped body. FlyBrain_NDB:10268 Fm1 fly_anatomy.ontology Fm neuron FBbt:00003658 Fan-shaped neuron that projects through the ellipsoid body canal via the median bundle to arborize with bleb-like terminals in the second layer of the fan-shaped body. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 Fm1 FlyBrain_NDB:10268 Fm neuron FlyBase:FBrf0049409 Fan-shaped neuron with a fiber that reaches the fan-shaped body laterally and that extends along its anterior surface. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003659 Fan-shaped neuron with a fiber that reaches the fan-shaped body laterally and that extends along its anterior surface. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 An interneuron that extends projections between different neuropil domains. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003660 An interneuron that extends projections between different neuropil domains. FBC:SPR fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003661 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003662 A serotonergic neuron that innervates the antennal lobe, projects along the outer antenno-cerebral tract (also known as the antenno-glomerular tract) and innervates the protocerebral bridge and the superior lateral protocerebrum. extrinsic ag-pb neuron serotonergic ag-pb neuron fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003663 A serotonergic neuron that innervates the antennal lobe, projects along the outer antenno-cerebral tract (also known as the antenno-glomerular tract) and innervates the protocerebral bridge and the superior lateral protocerebrum. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 FlyBase:FBrf0210156 serotonergic ag-pb neuron FlyBase:FBrf0049409 A neuron arborizing exclusively within a given neuropil domain. Intrinsic (local) interneurons may be ipsilateral, restricted to one of side of a paired neuropil domain, or bilateral, extending a process across the midline and arborizing in both sides of a pair of bilaterally symmetric neuropil domains. FBbt:00005126 local interneuron fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003664 A neuron arborizing exclusively within a given neuropil domain. Intrinsic (local) interneurons may be ipsilateral, restricted to one of side of a paired neuropil domain, or bilateral, extending a process across the midline and arborizing in both sides of a pair of bilaterally symmetric neuropil domains. FBC:SPR http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/terms/terms.html Interneuron that innervates only the lateral accessory lobe (ventral body). VFB:FBbt_00003665 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003665 Interneuron that innervates only the lateral accessory lobe (ventral body). FlyBase:FBrf0049409 Interneuron that innervates only the protocerebral bridge. VFB:FBbt_00003666 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003666 Interneuron that innervates only the protocerebral bridge. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 A transverse tract within the protocerebrum that is connected to the inferior medial/lateral protocerebrum and the central complex. VFB:FBbt_00003667 lateral ellipsoid tract fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003667 From Strausfeld (ISBN:978-3-540-07343-7) pg 83,79 in Musca Domestica. Confirmed as present in Drosophila melanogaster by VH. A transverse tract within the protocerebrum that is connected to the inferior medial/lateral protocerebrum and the central complex. FBC:VH ISBN:978-3-540-07343-7 A row of 16 connected glomeruli (8 on each side of the midline) that forms a dorso-posteriorly located part of the central complex embedded in the cortex between the calyces of the two mushroom bodies. VFB:FBbt_00003668 PB pb fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003668 A row of 16 connected glomeruli (8 on each side of the midline) that forms a dorso-posteriorly located part of the central complex embedded in the cortex between the calyces of the two mushroom bodies. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 VFB_vol:00003668 http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/frontschem3.html http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/sagschem1.html PB FBC:BrainName One of the 16 glomeruli that make up the protocerebral bridge. VFB:FBbt_00003669 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003669 One of the 16 glomeruli that make up the protocerebral bridge. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 Protocerebral glomerulus located at the midline. VFB:FBbt_00003670 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003670 Protocerebral glomerulus located at the midline. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 Second protocerebral glomerulus from the midline. VFB:FBbt_00003671 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003671 Second protocerebral glomerulus from the midline. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 Third protocerebral glomerulus from the midline. VFB:FBbt_00003672 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003672 Third protocerebral glomerulus from the midline. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 Fourth protocerebral glomerulus from the midline. VFB:FBbt_00003673 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003673 Fourth protocerebral glomerulus from the midline. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 Fifth protocerebral glomerulus from the midline. VFB:FBbt_00003674 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003674 Fifth protocerebral glomerulus from the midline. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 Sixth protocerebral glomerulus from the midline. VFB:FBbt_00003675 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003675 Sixth protocerebral glomerulus from the midline. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 Seventh protocerebral glomerulus from the midline. VFB:FBbt_00003676 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003676 Seventh protocerebral glomerulus from the midline. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 Eighth protocerebral glomerulus from the midline. This is the most lateral protocerebral glomerulus. VFB:FBbt_00003677 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003677 Eighth protocerebral glomerulus from the midline. This is the most lateral protocerebral glomerulus. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 A doughnut shaped synaptic neuropil domain of the central complex of the adult brain that lies just anterior to the fan-shaped body. Its hole (the ellipsoid body canal) points anteriorly and has an axon tract (the anterior bundle) running through it. It is divided into concentric layers and into 16 radial segments, 8 per hemisphere. VFB:FBbt_00003678 EB fly_anatomy.ontology eb FBbt:00003678 A doughnut shaped synaptic neuropil domain of the central complex of the adult brain that lies just anterior to the fan-shaped body. Its hole (the ellipsoid body canal) points anteriorly and has an axon tract (the anterior bundle) running through it. It is divided into concentric layers and into 16 radial segments, 8 per hemisphere. FBC:BrainName VFB_vol:00003678 http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/frontschem2.html http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/horizschem1.html http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/sagschem1.html EB FBC:BrainName The largest synaptic neuropil domain of the adult central complex, covered by an extensive glial sheath. It is a regular structure of horizontal layers and 16 vertical segments (sometimes called staves or columns), 8 per hemisphere - arranged in 4 closely associated pairs. Its inferior part is much narrower than its superior part, forming a fan shape. Fibers emerging from the basal-most area of the fan project to the noduli. Rostro-caudally, it can be divided into 4 shells on the basis of the extent and position of small field arborizations. VFB:FBbt_00003679 FB fan shaped body fb fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003679 The largest synaptic neuropil domain of the adult central complex, covered by an extensive glial sheath. It is a regular structure of horizontal layers and 16 vertical segments (sometimes called staves or columns), 8 per hemisphere - arranged in 4 closely associated pairs. Its inferior part is much narrower than its superior part, forming a fan shape. Fibers emerging from the basal-most area of the fan project to the noduli. Rostro-caudally, it can be divided into 4 shells on the basis of the extent and position of small field arborizations. FBC:BrainName FlyBase:FBrf0049409 http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/frontschem2.html http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/sagschem1.html http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/terms/terms.html FB FBC:BrainName fb FlyBase:FBrf0049409 Paired synaptic neuropil domain of the adult brain located just caudal to the ellipsoid body in the central complex. It is roughly spherical and is divided into two subunits along the anterior-posterior axis. VFB:FBbt_00003680 NO no ventral tubercle fly_anatomy.ontology noduli FBbt:00003680 Paired synaptic neuropil domain of the adult brain located just caudal to the ellipsoid body in the central complex. It is roughly spherical and is divided into two subunits along the anterior-posterior axis. FlyBase:FBrf0049409 http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/frontschem2.html http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/horizschem1.html http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/sagschem1.html NO FBC:BrainName ventral tubercle FlyBase:FBrf0049409 A bilaterally paired synaptic neuropil domain with a roughly pyramidal shape that is located inferior-lateral to the ellipsoid body and anterior-inferior to the bulb (lateral triangle). It lies behind the antennal lobe and in front of the ventral complex. VFB:FBbt_00003681 vbo ventral body fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003681 A bilaterally paired synaptic neuropil domain with a roughly pyramidal shape that is located inferior-lateral to the ellipsoid body and anterior-inferior to the bulb (lateral triangle). It lies behind the antennal lobe and in front of the ventral complex. FBC:BrainName VFB_vol:00003681 http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/frontschem1.html http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/frontschem2.html A bilaterally paired synaptic neuropil domain located lateral to the ellipsoid body. It contains many bulbous structures. VFB:FBbt_00003682 BU isthmus lateral triangle fly_anatomy.ontology ltr FBbt:00003682 A bilaterally paired synaptic neuropil domain located lateral to the ellipsoid body. It contains many bulbous structures. FBC:BrainName VFB_vol:00003682 BU FBC:BrainName Tract located in the anterior midline of the adult brain. It emerges as a paired tract from a broad area around the esophagus, merging into a single tract at the tip of the flange (FBbt:00045050) and terminates in the superior lateral protocerebrum (FBbt:00007054). VFB:FBbt_00003683 MBDL fly_anatomy.ontology VAC1 mb FBbt:00003683 Tract located in the anterior midline of the adult brain. It emerges as a paired tract from a broad area around the esophagus, merging into a single tract at the tip of the flange (FBbt:00045050) and terminates in the superior lateral protocerebrum (FBbt:00007054). FBC:BrainName ISBN:978-3-540-07343-7 http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/frontschem1.html http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/frontschem2.html http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/sagschem1.html http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/sagschem2.html MBDL FBC:BrainName Mushroom body of the adult. VFB:FBbt_00003684 fly_anatomy.ontology corpora pedunculata FBbt:00003684 Mushroom body of the adult. FlyBase:FBrf0105215 A synaptic neuropil domain containing the dendrites of mushroom body intrinsic cells and receiving sensory interneuron afferents, mainly from the antennal lobes. CA calyx of corpora pedunculata calyx of mushroom body fly_anatomy.ontology calyx FBbt:00003685 A synaptic neuropil domain containing the dendrites of mushroom body intrinsic cells and receiving sensory interneuron afferents, mainly from the antennal lobes. http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/frontschem3.html http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/horizschem1.html http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/sagschem1.html http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/terms/terms.html CA FBC:BrainName A Kenyon cell is an intrinsic neuron of the mushroom body. Its cell body, situated in the cortex above the calyx of the mushroom body, is smaller than those in the surrounding midbrain cortex. Four short fascicles extend from the cell bodies of the Kenyon cells into the calyx. Each fascicle corresponds to axons from a set of cell bodies descended from a single mushroom body neuroblast. These 4 smaller fascicles converge in the calyx where they arborize and form pre- and post-synaptic terminals (Christiansen et al., 2011).They emerge from the calyx as a thick axon bundle referred to as the peduncle that bifurcates to innervate the dorsal and medial lobes of the mushroom body. VFB:FBbt_00003686 intrinsic cell of mushroom body intrinsic neuron of mushroom body fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003686 Pre-synaptic terminals were identified using two presynaptic markers (Brp and Dsyd-1) and post-synaptic terminals by labelling a subunit of the acetylcholine receptor (Dalpha7) in genetically labelled Kenyon cells (Christiansen et al., 2011). A Kenyon cell is an intrinsic neuron of the mushroom body. Its cell body, situated in the cortex above the calyx of the mushroom body, is smaller than those in the surrounding midbrain cortex. Four short fascicles extend from the cell bodies of the Kenyon cells into the calyx. Each fascicle corresponds to axons from a set of cell bodies descended from a single mushroom body neuroblast. These 4 smaller fascicles converge in the calyx where they arborize and form pre- and post-synaptic terminals (Christiansen et al., 2011).They emerge from the calyx as a thick axon bundle referred to as the peduncle that bifurcates to innervate the dorsal and medial lobes of the mushroom body. FlyBase:FBrf0092568 FlyBase:FBrf0214059 FlyBase:FBrf0214737 http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/silver/horiz/hrsil22.html A bundle of neuron projections of Kenyon cells, dense with synapses, that extends from the calyx of the mushroom body to the base of the mushroom body lobe system. PED peduncle peduncle of mushroom body peduncule peduncule of mushroom body pedunculus stalk of corpora pedunculata stalk of mushroom body fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003687 A bundle of neuron projections of Kenyon cells, dense with synapses, that extends from the calyx of the mushroom body to the base of the mushroom body lobe system. FlyBase:FBrf0092568 VFB_vol:00003687 http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/frontschem1.html http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/frontschem2.html http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/horizschem1.html http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/sagschem1.html PED FBC:BrainName The mushroom body lobe system consists of a dorsal branch composed of two intertwined lobes (alpha and alpha') and a medial branch consisting of three parallel lobes (beta, beta' and gamma). VFB:FBbt_00003688 fly_anatomy.ontology lobe of corpora pedunculata lobe of mushroom body FBbt:00003688 The mushroom body lobe system consists of a dorsal branch composed of two intertwined lobes (alpha and alpha') and a medial branch consisting of three parallel lobes (beta, beta' and gamma). FlyBase:FBrf0105215 . FBbt:00045013 VFB:FBbt_00003690 alpha L alpha-lobe alpha-lobe of mushroom body fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003690 . http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/horizschem1.html http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/sagschem1.html alpha L FBC:BrainName . FBbt:00045012 VFB:FBbt_00003691 alpha'-lobe alpha'-lobe of mushroom body fly_anatomy.ontology delta lobe FBbt:00003691 . http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/horizschem1.html http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/sagschem1.html . FBbt:00045017 VFB:FBbt_00003693 beta-lobe beta-lobe of mushroom body fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003693 . http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/sagschem1.html . FBbt:00045016 VFB:FBbt_00003694 beta'-lobe beta'-lobe of mushroom body fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003694 . http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/sagschem1.html . FBbt:00045015 VFB:FBbt_00003695 gamma L gamma-lobe of mushroom body fly_anatomy.ontology gamma-lobe FBbt:00003695 . http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/sagschem1.html gamma L FBC:BrainName VFB:FBbt_00003697 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003697 FBbt:00040032 VFB:FBbt_00003698 optic focus fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003698 optic focus FBC:BrainName Nerve connecting the ocelli to the midbrain, where it enters the `superior posterior slope` (FBbt:00045040). OCN fly_anatomy.ontology ocellar nerve bundle ocellar pedicle FBbt:00003699 Nerve connecting the ocelli to the midbrain, where it enters the `superior posterior slope` (FBbt:00045040). FBC:BrainName http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/frontschem3.html http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/horizschem1.html OCN FBC:BrainName VFB:FBbt_00003700 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003700 See general definition for pars intercerebralis. Can general and adult terms be merged? A region of the adult brain that processes visual information from the compound eyes. VFB:FBbt_00003701 fly_anatomy.ontology ol FBbt:00003701 A region of the adult brain that processes visual information from the compound eyes. FBC:gg ISBN:978-3-11-014898-5 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003702 . FlyBase:FBrf0049410 FlyBase:FBrf0064800 Neuron located in the distal region of the optic lobe (Tix et al., 1989), which persists through development and pioneers Bolwig's nerve. In the developing optic lobe, this group of three neurons are fully differentiated before there is any detectable fiber growth in the rest of the optic lobe. Following this, other neuron projections from the optic lobe follow the same path as these pioneers and fasciculate to form Bolwig's nerve (Tix et al., 1989). fly_anatomy.ontology OLP FBbt:00003703 Tix et al., (1989) state that in 57 out of 62 third instar larval brain samples only three optic pioneer neurons were observed. However, they found three brains showing four of these neurons, and two cases displaying only two. Neuron located in the distal region of the optic lobe (Tix et al., 1989), which persists through development and pioneers Bolwig's nerve. In the developing optic lobe, this group of three neurons are fully differentiated before there is any detectable fiber growth in the rest of the optic lobe. Following this, other neuron projections from the optic lobe follow the same path as these pioneers and fasciculate to form Bolwig's nerve (Tix et al., 1989). FlyBase:FBrf0049574 fly_anatomy.ontology OLP1 FBbt:00003704 fly_anatomy.ontology OLP2 FBbt:00003705 fly_anatomy.ontology OLP3 FBbt:00003706 Any synaptic neuropil domain that is part of the optic lobe. FBbt:00003701 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003707 Obsoleted as part of the adoption of the BrainName standard. We don't have any other terms for classifiying neuropils by partonomy. It is not much used in curation, and where it has been used, optic lobe would have sufficed. true Any synaptic neuropil domain that is part of the optic lobe. Lateral-most synaptic neuropil domain of the optic lobes, lying just beneath the compound eyes. It is composed of an array of repetitive cartridge-like units, each of which receives axons from specific sets of ommatidia in the compound eyes. VFB:FBbt_00003708 LA fly_anatomy.ontology La FBbt:00003708 Lateral-most synaptic neuropil domain of the optic lobes, lying just beneath the compound eyes. It is composed of an array of repetitive cartridge-like units, each of which receives axons from specific sets of ommatidia in the compound eyes. FBC:BrainName VFB_vol:00003708 http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/terms/terms.html LA FBC:BrainName A monopolar, intrinsic columnar neuron whose cell body lies in the cortex of the lamina and that has a single major projection that projects along a single lamina optic cartridge, crosses the first optic chiasm and terminates in the equivalent column of the medulla. VFB:FBbt_00003718 monopolar laminar cell fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003718 A monopolar, intrinsic columnar neuron whose cell body lies in the cortex of the lamina and that has a single major projection that projects along a single lamina optic cartridge, crosses the first optic chiasm and terminates in the equivalent column of the medulla. FlyBase:FBrf0049410 A lamina monopolar neuron with short collaterals that project radially from the main projection in the lamina (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). These short collaterals are postsynaptic to the terminals of photoreceptors R1-6 (Meinertzhagen and O'Neil, 1991). It arborizes in medulla layers M1 and M5. In the medulla, it receives synaptic input from photoreceptor R8 (in M1), makes reciprocal synaptic connections with monopolar lamina cell L5 and centrifugal neuron C2, and makes presynaptic contacts with centrifugal neuron C3 (Takemura et al., 2008). It is also electrically synapsed to lamina monopolar neuron L2 (Joesch et al., 2010). It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011). FlyBrain_NDB:10089 VFB:FBbt_00003719 monopolar laminar cell L1 fly_anatomy.ontology L1 FBbt:00003719 The neurotransmitter was assessed by labelling cells with a vGlut[OK371]-dVP16AD-Gal4 driver [FBti0129742] (Gao et al., 2008). Connectivity in the lamina is extrapolated from serial EM of a single column (Meinertzhagen and O'Neil, 1991). Connectivity in the medulla is extrapolated from serial EM of 3 columns from a single sample (Takemura et al., 2008). Electrical connectivity was shown by dye labelling (Joesch et al., 2010). A lamina monopolar neuron with short collaterals that project radially from the main projection in the lamina (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). These short collaterals are postsynaptic to the terminals of photoreceptors R1-6 (Meinertzhagen and O'Neil, 1991). It arborizes in medulla layers M1 and M5. In the medulla, it receives synaptic input from photoreceptor R8 (in M1), makes reciprocal synaptic connections with monopolar lamina cell L5 and centrifugal neuron C2, and makes presynaptic contacts with centrifugal neuron C3 (Takemura et al., 2008). It is also electrically synapsed to lamina monopolar neuron L2 (Joesch et al., 2010). It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011). FlyBase:FBrf0049410 FlyBase:FBrf0054529 FlyBase:FBrf0205531 FlyBase:FBrf0212262 L1 FlyBrain_NDB:10089 A lamina monopolar neuron with short collaterals that project radially from the main projection in the lamina and that arborizes in medulla layer M2. In the lamina it forms presynaptic connections with R1-6 and reciprocal synaptic connections with lamina monopolar neurons L4 from the same column and from L4 collaterals extending from adjacent columns (Meinertzhagen and O'Neil, 1991). It has both pre and post synaptic connections in medulla layer M2, with synaptic input coming from centrifugal neurons C2 and C3 (Takemura et al., 2008). It is also electrically synapsed to lamina monopolar neuron L1 (Joesch et al., 2010). FlyBrain_NDB:10090 VFB:FBbt_00003720 L2 monopolar laminar cell L2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003720 Connectivity in the lamina is extrapolated from serial EM of a single column (Meinertzhagen and O'Neil, 1991). Connectivity in the medulla is extrapolated from serial EM of 3 columns from a single sample (Takemura et al., 2008). Electrical connectivity was shown by dye labelling (Joesch et al., 2010). A lamina monopolar neuron with short collaterals that project radially from the main projection in the lamina and that arborizes in medulla layer M2. In the lamina it forms presynaptic connections with R1-6 and reciprocal synaptic connections with lamina monopolar neurons L4 from the same column and from L4 collaterals extending from adjacent columns (Meinertzhagen and O'Neil, 1991). It has both pre and post synaptic connections in medulla layer M2, with synaptic input coming from centrifugal neurons C2 and C3 (Takemura et al., 2008). It is also electrically synapsed to lamina monopolar neuron L1 (Joesch et al., 2010). FlyBase:FBrf0049410 FlyBase:FBrf0054529 FlyBase:FBrf0212262 L2 FlyBrain_NDB:10090 A lamina monopolar neuron with short spines that project to one side of the main projection as it extends through the lamina optic cartridge. It terminates with an arborization in medulla layer M3. In the lamina it is postsynaptic to R1-6 (Meinertzhagen and O'Neil, 1991). It forms presynaptic terminals at its terminal arborization in medulla layer M3 (Takemura et al., 2008). It makes synaptic contacts with Tm5a and Tm9 (Gao et al., 2008). FlyBrain_NDB:10091 VFB:FBbt_00003721 L3 monopolar laminar cell L3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003721 Connectivity in the lamina is extrapolated from serial EM of a single column (Meinertzhagen and O'Neil, 1991). Connectivity in the medulla is extrapolated from serial EM of 3 columns from a single sample (Takemura et al., 2008). Connectivity with Tm9 and Tm5a inferred from EM reconstructions from a single medulla column (Gao et al., 2008). A lamina monopolar neuron with short spines that project to one side of the main projection as it extends through the lamina optic cartridge. It terminates with an arborization in medulla layer M3. In the lamina it is postsynaptic to R1-6 (Meinertzhagen and O'Neil, 1991). It forms presynaptic terminals at its terminal arborization in medulla layer M3 (Takemura et al., 2008). It makes synaptic contacts with Tm5a and Tm9 (Gao et al., 2008). FlyBase:FBrf0049410 FlyBase:FBrf0054529 L3 FlyBrain_NDB:10091 A lamina monopolar neuron that arborizes in the proximal lamina, forms a spreading arbor in medulla layer M2 and a small terminal arbor in M5 that penetrates adjacent columns (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Takemura et al., 2008). In the proximal lamina it receives synaptic input from outer photoreceptor (R1-6) axons and forms reciprocal synapses with lamina monopolar neuron L2 within the same column and, via collaterals, with L2s in adjacent columns (Meinertzhagen and O'Neil, 1991). In the medulla it has presynaptic terminals in both M2 and M5 (Takemura et al., 2008). FBbt:00003723 FBbt:00003724 FlyBrain_NDB:10092 VFB:FBbt_00003722 L4 monopolar laminar cell L4 monopolar laminar cell L4x monopolar laminar cell L4y fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003722 Note, Fischbach and Dittrich (1989) have this as arborizing in M4, but we follow the more detailed analysis of Takemura and colleagues (2008) who place the terminal arbor in M5. This difference may have to do with the different ways the two papers define L4. Connectivity in the lamina is extrapolated from serial EM of a single column (Meinertzhagen and O'Neil, 1991). Connectivity in the medulla is extrapolated from serial EM of 3 columns from a single sample (Takemura et al., 2008). Note also that L4x and L4y are simply a way of referring to L4 collaterals from an adjacent cartridge in descriptions of synaptic connectivity (see Meinertzhagen and O'Neil, 1991) and so should not be treated as separate neurons, as they previously have been in this ontology. A lamina monopolar neuron that arborizes in the proximal lamina, forms a spreading arbor in medulla layer M2 and a small terminal arbor in M5 that penetrates adjacent columns (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Takemura et al., 2008). In the proximal lamina it receives synaptic input from outer photoreceptor (R1-6) axons and forms reciprocal synapses with lamina monopolar neuron L2 within the same column and, via collaterals, with L2s in adjacent columns (Meinertzhagen and O'Neil, 1991). In the medulla it has presynaptic terminals in both M2 and M5 (Takemura et al., 2008). FlyBase:FBrf0049410 FlyBase:FBrf0054529 L4 FlyBrain_NDB:10092 monopolar laminar cell L4x FlyBase:FBrf0054529 monopolar laminar cell L4y FlyBase:FBrf0054529 A lamina monopolar neuron that hardly arborizes at all in the lamina, but forms a branched arborization in medulla layers M1 and M2 and a clump of terminals in M5. In the lamina it forms only a few postsynaptic connections (Meinertzhagen and O'Neil, 1991). In the medulla, it forms reciprocal synaptic connections with monopolar lamina neuron L1 in M1 and L5 (Takemura et al., 2008). FlyBrain_NDB:10093 VFB:FBbt_00003725 monopolar laminar cell L5 fly_anatomy.ontology L5 FBbt:00003725 Pre- versus postsynaptic innervation judged by scoring of terminal morphology from figures in Fischbach and Dittrich (1989) as assessed by FlyBrain Neuron DB. A lamina monopolar neuron that hardly arborizes at all in the lamina, but forms a branched arborization in medulla layers M1 and M2 and a clump of terminals in M5. In the lamina it forms only a few postsynaptic connections (Meinertzhagen and O'Neil, 1991). In the medulla, it forms reciprocal synaptic connections with monopolar lamina neuron L1 in M1 and L5 (Takemura et al., 2008). FlyBase:FBrf0049410 FlyBase:FBrf0054529 FlyBase:FBrf0205531 L5 FlyBrain_NDB:10093 An intrinsic columnar neuron of the optic lobe that has a cell body in the cortex of the lobula plate and that bifurcates in the second optic chiasm with the two branches innervating either the lobula plate and the lobula or the medulla and the lobula. VFB:FBbt_00003726 fly_anatomy.ontology T FBbt:00003726 An intrinsic columnar neuron of the optic lobe that has a cell body in the cortex of the lobula plate and that bifurcates in the second optic chiasm with the two branches innervating either the lobula plate and the lobula or the medulla and the lobula. FlyBase:FBrf0049410 An intrinsic columnar neuron whose cell body lies in the cortex of the medulla. The fiber of the T1 cell body branches at the medulla surface to form a T-shaped linking fiber between a bush-like arborization in the distal part of a medulla column (M1 and M2), and a bundle of climbing fibers in the equivalent column of the lamina (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). Synaptic connections in the lamina are exclusively postsynaptic (Meinertzhagen and O'Neil, 1991) and include connections to amacrine neurons. In the medulla, it also forms exclusively postsynaptic connections, including synaptic from centrifugal neuron C3 in medulla layer M2 (Takemura et al., 2008). Oddly, no output synapses have been found. FlyBrain_NDB:10115 VFB:FBbt_00003727 T neuron T1 T1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003727 Connectivity in the lamina is extrapolated from serial EM of a single column (Meinertzhagen and O'Neil, 1991). Connectivity in the medulla is extrapolated from serial EM of 3 columns from a single sample (Takemura et al., 2008). An intrinsic columnar neuron whose cell body lies in the cortex of the medulla. The fiber of the T1 cell body branches at the medulla surface to form a T-shaped linking fiber between a bush-like arborization in the distal part of a medulla column (M1 and M2), and a bundle of climbing fibers in the equivalent column of the lamina (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). Synaptic connections in the lamina are exclusively postsynaptic (Meinertzhagen and O'Neil, 1991) and include connections to amacrine neurons. In the medulla, it also forms exclusively postsynaptic connections, including synaptic from centrifugal neuron C3 in medulla layer M2 (Takemura et al., 2008). Oddly, no output synapses have been found. FlyBase:FBrf0049410 FlyBase:FBrf0054529 FlyBase:FBrf0205531 T1 FlyBrain_NDB:10115 T neuron whose cell body fiber soma sits in the cortex adjacent to the gap between the medulla and lobula plate. Their cell body fibers project through this gap before branching in the second optic chiasm. One branch projects into a medulla column, where it forms a bushy, fine, arborization in medulla layer M9 and then projects through the rest of the medulla column, forming fine arborizations in M5 and M1 and 2. The other branch forms a terminal arborization in lobula layer 3 that is much wider than a single column and has bleb-type terminal branches. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011). FlyBrain_NDB:10116 VFB:FBbt_00003728 fly_anatomy.ontology T2 FBbt:00003728 The neurotransmitter was assessed by co-labelling cells with a Cha-GAL4.7.4 driver [FBtp0014830] and an anti-ChAT antibody (Varija Raghu et al., 2011). Pre- versus postsynaptic innervation judged by scoring of terminal morphology from figures in Fischbach and Dittrich (1989) as assessed by FlyBrain Neuron DB. T neuron whose cell body fiber soma sits in the cortex adjacent to the gap between the medulla and lobula plate. Their cell body fibers project through this gap before branching in the second optic chiasm. One branch projects into a medulla column, where it forms a bushy, fine, arborization in medulla layer M9 and then projects through the rest of the medulla column, forming fine arborizations in M5 and M1 and 2. The other branch forms a terminal arborization in lobula layer 3 that is much wider than a single column and has bleb-type terminal branches. It is a cholinergic neuron (Varija Raghu et al., 2011). FlyBase:FBrf0049410 FlyBase:FBrf0212356 T2 FlyBrain_NDB:10116 T neuron whose soma sits in the cortex adjacent to the gap between the medulla and lobula plate. Its cell body fibers project through this gap before branching in the second optic chiasm. One branch projects into a medulla column, where it forms a bushy, fine, arborization in medulla layer M9 and then projects through the rest of the medulla column, bifurcating in medulla layer M5 and forming fine arbors throughout layers M1-4. The other branch forms a terminal arborization in lobula layer 3 that is much wider than a single column and has bleb-type terminal branches. FlyBrain_NDB:10117 VFB:FBbt_00003729 fly_anatomy.ontology T2a FBbt:00003729 Pre- versus postsynaptic innervation judged by scoring of terminal morphology from figures in Fischbach and Dittrich (1989) as assessed by FlyBrain Neuron DB. T neuron whose soma sits in the cortex adjacent to the gap between the medulla and lobula plate. Its cell body fibers project through this gap before branching in the second optic chiasm. One branch projects into a medulla column, where it forms a bushy, fine, arborization in medulla layer M9 and then projects through the rest of the medulla column, bifurcating in medulla layer M5 and forming fine arbors throughout layers M1-4. The other branch forms a terminal arborization in lobula layer 3 that is much wider than a single column and has bleb-type terminal branches. FlyBase:FBrf0049410 T2a FlyBrain_NDB:10117 T neuron whose soma sits in the cortex adjacent to the gap between the medulla and lobula plate. Its cell body fiber project through this gap before branching in the second optic chiasm, with one branch forming a bushy, fine, terminal arborization in medulla layer M9 and the other forming a terminal arborization in lobula layers 2 and 3 with mix of bleb-type and fine terminal branches. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011). FlyBrain_NDB:10183 VFB:FBbt_00003730 fly_anatomy.ontology T3 FBbt:00003730 The neurotransmitter was assessed by labelling cells with a vGlut[CNSIII]-Gal4 driver [FBti0129148] (Raghu and Borst, 2011). Pre- versus postsynaptic innervation judged by scoring of terminal morphology from figures in Fischbach and Dittrich (1989) as assessed by FlyBrain Neuron DB. T neuron whose soma sits in the cortex adjacent to the gap between the medulla and lobula plate. Its cell body fiber project through this gap before branching in the second optic chiasm, with one branch forming a bushy, fine, terminal arborization in medulla layer M9 and the other forming a terminal arborization in lobula layers 2 and 3 with mix of bleb-type and fine terminal branches. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011). FlyBase:FBrf0049410 FlyBase:FBrf0213690 T3 FlyBrain_NDB:10183 T neuron whose cell body fiber projects through the lobula plate with little or no arborization before bifurcating in the second optic chiasm with one branch forming a fine terminal arborization in medulla layer M9 and M10 and the other branch doubling back to form bleb-type arborizations in the lobula plate. VFB:FBbt_00003731 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003731 T neuron whose cell body fiber projects through the lobula plate with little or no arborization before bifurcating in the second optic chiasm with one branch forming a fine terminal arborization in medulla layer M9 and M10 and the other branch doubling back to form bleb-type arborizations in the lobula plate. FlyBase:FBrf0049410 T neuron whose cell body fiber projects through the lobula plate with little or no arborization before bifurcating in the second optic chiasm with one branch forming a fine terminal arborization in medulla layer M9 and M10 and the other branch doubling back to form bleb-type arborizations in the lobula plate layer 1. FlyBrain_NDB:10118 VFB:FBbt_00003732 fly_anatomy.ontology T4a FBbt:00003732 Pre- versus postsynaptic innervation judged by scoring of terminal morphology from figures in Fischbach and Dittrich (1989) as assessed by FlyBrain Neuron DB. T neuron whose cell body fiber projects through the lobula plate with little or no arborization before bifurcating in the second optic chiasm with one branch forming a fine terminal arborization in medulla layer M9 and M10 and the other branch doubling back to form bleb-type arborizations in the lobula plate layer 1. FlyBase:FBrf0049410 T4a FlyBrain_NDB:10118 T neuron whose cell body fiber projects through the lobula plate with little or no arborization before bifurcating in the second optic chiasm with one branch forming a fine terminal arborization in medulla layer M9 and M10 and the other branch doubling back to form bleb-type arborizations in the lobula plate layer 2. VFB:FBbt_00003733 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003733 T neuron whose cell body fiber projects through the lobula plate with little or no arborization before bifurcating in the second optic chiasm with one branch forming a fine terminal arborization in medulla layer M9 and M10 and the other branch doubling back to form bleb-type arborizations in the lobula plate layer 2. FlyBase:FBrf0049410 T neuron whose cell body fiber projects through the lobula plate with little or no arborization before bifurcating in the second optic chiasm with one branch forming a fine terminal arborization in medulla layer M9 and M10 and the other branch doubling back to form bleb-type arborizations in the lobula plate layer 3. FlyBrain_NDB:10119 VFB:FBbt_00003734 fly_anatomy.ontology T4c FBbt:00003734 Pre- versus postsynaptic innervation judged by scoring of terminal morphology from figures in Fischbach and Dittrich (1989) as assessed by FlyBrain Neuron DB. T neuron whose cell body fiber projects through the lobula plate with little or no arborization before bifurcating in the second optic chiasm with one branch forming a fine terminal arborization in medulla layer M9 and M10 and the other branch doubling back to form bleb-type arborizations in the lobula plate layer 3. FlyBase:FBrf0049410 T4c FlyBrain_NDB:10119 T neuron whose cell body fiber projects through the lobula plate with little or no arborization before bifurcating in the second optic chiasm with one branch forming a fine terminal arborization in medulla layer M9 and M10 and the other branch doubling back to form bleb-type arborizations in the lobula plate layer 4. FlyBrain_NDB:10120 VFB:FBbt_00003735 fly_anatomy.ontology T4d FBbt:00003735 Pre- versus postsynaptic innervation judged by scoring of terminal morphology from figures in Fischbach and Dittrich (1989) as assessed by FlyBrain Neuron DB. T neuron whose cell body fiber projects through the lobula plate with little or no arborization before bifurcating in the second optic chiasm with one branch forming a fine terminal arborization in medulla layer M9 and M10 and the other branch doubling back to form bleb-type arborizations in the lobula plate layer 4. FlyBase:FBrf0049410 T4d FlyBrain_NDB:10120 T neuron whose cell body fiber projects through the lobula plate with little or no arborization before bifurcating in the second optic chiasm with one branch forming a fine terminal arborization in lobula layer 1 and the other doubling back to form bleb-type arborizations in the lobula plate. VFB:FBbt_00003736 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003736 Pre- versus postsynaptic innervation judged by scoring of terminal morphology from figures in Fischbach and Dittrich (1989) as assessed by FlyBrain Neuron DB. T neuron whose cell body fiber projects through the lobula plate with little or no arborization before bifurcating in the second optic chiasm with one branch forming a fine terminal arborization in lobula layer 1 and the other doubling back to form bleb-type arborizations in the lobula plate. FlyBase:FBrf0049410 T neuron T5 with a largely bleb-type terminal arborization in lobula plate layer 1. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011). FlyBrain_NDB:10121 VFB:FBbt_00003737 fly_anatomy.ontology T5a FBbt:00003737 The neurotransmitter was assessed by labelling cells with a vGlut[CNSIII]-Gal4 driver [FBti0129148] (Raghu and Borst, 2011). Pre- versus postsynaptic innervation judged by scoring of terminal morphology from figures in Fischbach and Dittrich (1989) as assessed by FlyBrain Neuron DB. T neuron T5 with a largely bleb-type terminal arborization in lobula plate layer 1. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011). FlyBase:FBrf0049410 FlyBase:FBrf0213690 T5a FlyBrain_NDB:10121 T neuron T5 with a largely bleb-type terminal arborization in lobula plate layer 2. FlyBrain_NDB:10122 VFB:FBbt_00003738 fly_anatomy.ontology T5b FBbt:00003738 Pre- versus postsynaptic innervation judged by scoring of terminal morphology from figures in Fischbach and Dittrich (1989) as assessed by FlyBrain Neuron DB. T neuron T5 with a largely bleb-type terminal arborization in lobula plate layer 2. FlyBase:FBrf0049410 T5b FlyBrain_NDB:10122 T neuron T5 with a bleb-type terminal arborization in lobula plate layer 3. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011). FlyBrain_NDB:10123 VFB:FBbt_00003739 fly_anatomy.ontology T5c FBbt:00003739 The neurotransmitter was assessed by labelling cells with a vGlut[CNSIII]-Gal4 driver [FBti0129148] (Raghu and Borst, 2011). Pre- versus postsynaptic innervation judged by scoring of terminal morphology from figures in Fischbach and Dittrich (1989) as assessed by FlyBrain Neuron DB. T neuron T5 with a bleb-type terminal arborization in lobula plate layer 3. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011). FlyBase:FBrf0049410 FlyBase:FBrf0213690 T5c FlyBrain_NDB:10123 T neuron T5 with a largely bleb-type terminal arborization in lobula plate layer 4. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011). FlyBrain_NDB:10124 VFB:FBbt_00003740 fly_anatomy.ontology T5d FBbt:00003740 The neurotransmitter was assessed by labelling cells with a vGlut[CNSIII]-Gal4 driver [FBti0129148] (Raghu and Borst, 2011). Pre- versus postsynaptic innervation judged by scoring of terminal morphology from figures in Fischbach and Dittrich (1989) as assessed by FlyBrain Neuron DB. T neuron T5 with a largely bleb-type terminal arborization in lobula plate layer 4. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011). FlyBase:FBrf0049410 FlyBase:FBrf0213690 T5d FlyBrain_NDB:10124 An intrinsic columnar neuron of the visual system whose cell body is located in the medulla cortex and that has a main projection that ascends via the first optic chiasm into the lamina where it is restricted to a single column for most of its length before making wide-field arborizations in the distal lamina. These neurons also arborize on the distal surface of the medulla in a circular field of about 20 columns. Several linking fibers from this arborization descend into M3 where they form a wide arborization field covering about 30-40 columns. FlyBrain_NDB:10094 VFB:FBbt_00003741 fly_anatomy.ontology Lawf Lawf1 FBbt:00003741 Pre- versus postsynaptic innervation judged by scoring of terminal morphology from figures in Fischbach and Dittrich (1989) as assessed by FlyBrain Neuron DB. An intrinsic columnar neuron of the visual system whose cell body is located in the medulla cortex and that has a main projection that ascends via the first optic chiasm into the lamina where it is restricted to a single column for most of its length before making wide-field arborizations in the distal lamina. These neurons also arborize on the distal surface of the medulla in a circular field of about 20 columns. Several linking fibers from this arborization descend into M3 where they form a wide arborization field covering about 30-40 columns. FlyBase:FBrf0049410 Lawf FlyBrain_NDB:10094 Columnar neuron whose soma lies in the cortex between the medulla and the lobula plate that extends through a single column of the medulla and lamina. VFB:FBbt_00003742 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003742 Columnar neuron whose soma lies in the cortex between the medulla and the lobula plate that extends through a single column of the medulla and lamina. FlyBase:FBrf0049410 A centrifugal neuron with wide field arborizations in the medulla layers M1, M5, M8 and M10 and more restricted arborizations in the lamina (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). In the lamina it is presynaptic to lamina monopolar neurons (Meinertzhagen and O'Neil, 1991). In the medulla, it is presynaptic to monopolar lamina neuron L2 and makes reciprocal synaptic connections with L1 in M1 (Takemura et al., 2008). FlyBrain_NDB:10079 VFB:FBbt_00003743 fly_anatomy.ontology C2 FBbt:00003743 Connectivity in the lamina is extrapolated from serial EM of a single column (Meinertzhagen and O'Neil, 1991). Connectivity in the distal medulla is extrapolated from serial EM of 3 columns from a single sample (Takemura et al., 2008). Pre- versus postsynaptic innervation in the proximal medulla was inferred by scoring of terminal morphology from figures in Fischbach and Dittrich (1989) as assessed by FlyBrain Neuron DB. A centrifugal neuron with wide field arborizations in the medulla layers M1, M5, M8 and M10 and more restricted arborizations in the lamina (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). In the lamina it is presynaptic to lamina monopolar neurons (Meinertzhagen and O'Neil, 1991). In the medulla, it is presynaptic to monopolar lamina neuron L2 and makes reciprocal synaptic connections with L1 in M1 (Takemura et al., 2008). FlyBase:FBrf0049410 FlyBase:FBrf0054529 FlyBase:FBrf0205531 C2 FlyBrain_NDB:10079 A centrifugal neuron with wide field arborizations in the medulla layers M1-2, M5, and M8-10 and more restricted arborizations in the lamina (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). In the lamina it is presynaptic to lamina monopolar neurons. In the medulla it is presynaptic to monopolar lamina neuron L2 and to T1, and postsynaptic to L1. FlyBrain_NDB:10080 VFB:FBbt_00003744 fly_anatomy.ontology C3 FBbt:00003744 Connectivity in the lamina is extrapolated from serial EM of a single column (Meinertzhagen and O'Neil, 1991). Connectivity in the distal medulla is extrapolated from serial EM of 3 columns from a single sample (Takemura et al., 2008). Pre- versus postsynaptic innervation in the proximal medulla was inferred by scoring of terminal morphology from figures in Fischbach and Dittrich (1989) as assessed by FlyBrain Neuron DB. A centrifugal neuron with wide field arborizations in the medulla layers M1-2, M5, and M8-10 and more restricted arborizations in the lamina (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). In the lamina it is presynaptic to lamina monopolar neurons. In the medulla it is presynaptic to monopolar lamina neuron L2 and to T1, and postsynaptic to L1. FlyBase:FBrf0049410 C3 FlyBrain_NDB:10080 Tangential neuron of the optic lobe that projects and arborizes along the plane of one or more layers of the lamina. VFB:FBbt_00003745 fly_anatomy.ontology Lat FBbt:00003745 Tangential neuron of the optic lobe that projects and arborizes along the plane of one or more layers of the lamina. FlyBase:FBrf0049410 Intrinsic neuron of the lamina. amacrine cell VFB:FBbt_00003746 fly_anatomy.ontology Lai FBbt:00003746 Intrinsic neuron of the lamina. FlyBase:FBrf0049410 amacrine cell FlyBase:FBrf0049410 Segment (column) of the lamina defined by the distal-proximal (eye to central brain) projections of photoreceptor cells of a single ommatidium. VFB:FBbt_00003747 fly_anatomy.ontology cartridge lamina cartridge FBbt:00003747 Segment (column) of the lamina defined by the distal-proximal (eye to central brain) projections of photoreceptor cells of a single ommatidium. FlyBase:FBrf0049410 The second optic neuropil, sandwiched between the lamina and the lobula complex. It is divided into 10 layers: Layers 1-6 make up the outer medulla, and the seventh (or serpentine) layer exhibits a distinct architecture. Proximal to this, layers 8-10 make up the inner medulla. VFB:FBbt_00003748 ME optic medulla fly_anatomy.ontology m FBbt:00003748 The second optic neuropil, sandwiched between the lamina and the lobula complex. It is divided into 10 layers: Layers 1-6 make up the outer medulla, and the seventh (or serpentine) layer exhibits a distinct architecture. Proximal to this, layers 8-10 make up the inner medulla. FBC:BrainName VFB_vol:00003748 http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/atlas/schematic/frontschem2.html http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/Flybrain/html/terms/terms.html ME FBC:BrainName optic medulla FlyBase:FBrf0212889 Layers 1-6 of the medulla. FBbt:00040025 VFB:FBbt_00003749 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003749 Layers 1-6 of the medulla. FBC:BrainName Distal-most layer of the medulla. It is defined by the distal extent of the distal lamina monopolar neuron L1 arborization (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). FBbt:00040026 VFB:FBbt_00003750 stratum M1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003750 In the literature there are two methods for describing spatial location of neurons in the visual system: distal-proximal (e.g. Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989), and medial-lateral (e.g. BrainName), both meaning outer and inner, and refer to the distance of a structure along the visual pathway relative to the center of the brain. Currently we will adopt the classical 'distal-proximal'. Distal-most layer of the medulla. It is defined by the distal extent of the distal lamina monopolar neuron L1 arborization (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). FBC:BrainName FlyBase:FBrf0049410 FlyBase:FBrf0205531 stratum M1 FlyBase:FBrf0205531 Second most lateral layer of the medulla. It is defined by the distal extent of the distal lamina monopolar neuron L2 arborization (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). FBbt:00040027 VFB:FBbt_00003751 L2 layer layer M2 medulla layer 2 stratum M2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003751 In the literature there are two methods for describing spatial location of neurons in the visual system: distal-proximal (e.g. Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989), and medial-lateral (e.g. BrainName), both meaning outer and inner, and refer to the distance of a structure along the visual pathway relative to the center of the brain. Currently we will adopt the classical 'distal-proximal'. Second most lateral layer of the medulla. It is defined by the distal extent of the distal lamina monopolar neuron L2 arborization (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). FBC:BrainName FlyBase:FBrf0049410 FlyBase:FBrf0205531 L2 layer FlyBase:FBrf0049410 layer M2 FlyBase:FBrf0049410 stratum M2 FlyBase:FBrf0205531 Third most lateral layer of the medulla. It is defined by the proximal border of the lamina monopolar neuron L2 arborization to that of the lamina neuron L3 terminal (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). FBbt:00040028 VFB:FBbt_00003752 L3 layer medulla layer 3 stratum M3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003752 In the literature there are two methods for describing spatial location of neurons in the visual system: distal-proximal (e.g. Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989), and medial-lateral (e.g. BrainName), both meaning outer and inner, and refer to the distance of a structure along the visual pathway relative to the center of the brain. Currently we will adopt the classical 'distal-proximal'. Third most lateral layer of the medulla. It is defined by the proximal border of the lamina monopolar neuron L2 arborization to that of the lamina neuron L3 terminal (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). FBC:BrainName FlyBase:FBrf0049410 FlyBase:FBrf0205531 L3 layer FlyBase:FBrf0049410 stratum M3 FlyBase:FBrf0205531 Fourth most lateral layer of the medulla. It corresponds to the narrow layer between the proximal end of lamina neuron L3 and the distal border of lamina neuron L1's proximal arborization (Takemura et al., 2008). FBbt:00040029 VFB:FBbt_00003753 L4 layer medulla layer 4 stratum M4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003753 In the literature there are two methods for describing spatial location of neurons in the visual system: distal-proximal (e.g. Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989), and medial-lateral (e.g. BrainName), both meaning outer and inner, and refer to the distance of a structure along the visual pathway relative to the center of the brain. We use the classical 'distal-proximal'. Fourth most lateral layer of the medulla. It corresponds to the narrow layer between the proximal end of lamina neuron L3 and the distal border of lamina neuron L1's proximal arborization (Takemura et al., 2008). FBC:BrainName FlyBase:FBrf0049410 FlyBase:FBrf0205531 L4 layer FlyBase:FBrf0049410 stratum M4 FlyBase:FBrf0205531 Fifth most lateral layer of the medulla. It is defined by the lamina neuron L1's proximal arborization and contains the proximal lamina neuron L5 terminal (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). FBbt:00040030 VFB:FBbt_00003754 medulla layer 5 proximal L1 layer stratum M5 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003754 In the literature there are two methods for describing spatial location of neurons in the visual system: distal-proximal (e.g. Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989), and medial-lateral (e.g. BrainName), both meaning outer and inner, and refer to the distance of a structure along the visual pathway relative to the center of the brain. Currently we will adopt the classical 'distal-proximal'. Fifth most lateral layer of the medulla. It is defined by the lamina neuron L1's proximal arborization and contains the proximal lamina neuron L5 terminal (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). FBC:BrainName FlyBase:FBrf0049410 FlyBase:FBrf0205531 proximal L1 layer FlyBase:FBrf0049410 stratum M5 FlyBase:FBrf0205531 Sixth most lateral layer of the medulla, immediately lateral to the serpentine layer. It lies between the lamina neuron L1's arborization and the serpentine layer (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). FBbt:00040031 VFB:FBbt_00003755 R7 layer medulla layer 6 stratum M6 fly_anatomy.ontology R7 recipient layer FBbt:00003755 In the literature there are two methods for describing spatial location of neurons in the visual system: distal-proximal (e.g. Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989), and medial-lateral (e.g. BrainName), both meaning outer and inner, and refer to the distance of a structure along the visual pathway relative to the center of the brain. Currently we will adopt the classical 'distal-proximal'. Sixth most lateral layer of the medulla, immediately lateral to the serpentine layer. It lies between the lamina neuron L1's arborization and the serpentine layer (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989). FBC:BrainName FlyBase:FBrf0049410 FlyBase:FBrf0205531 R7 layer FlyBase:FBrf0049410 stratum M6 FlyBase:FBrf0205531 R7 recipient layer FlyBase:FBrf0209317 A major layer of extensive tangential fibers in the medulla, many of which project via the posterior optic commissure to the opposite medulla. It is the 7th most lateral layer of the medulla. VFB:FBbt_00003756 SPL medulla layer 7 fly_anatomy.ontology medulla layer M7 FBbt:00003756 A major layer of extensive tangential fibers in the medulla, many of which project via the posterior optic commissure to the opposite medulla. It is the 7th most lateral layer of the medulla. FBC:BrainName FlyBase:FBrf0049410 FlyBase:FBrf0065419 SPL FBC:BrainName Layers 8-10 of the medulla. VFB:FBbt_00003757 MEI fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003757 Layers 8-10 of the medulla. FBC:BrainName MEI FBC:BrainName Lateral-most layer of the inner medulla, immediately medial to the serpentine layer. FBbt:00040022 VFB:FBbt_00003758 medulla layer 8 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003758 Lateral-most layer of the inner medulla, immediately medial to the serpentine layer. FBC:BrainName Middle layer of the inner medulla. FBbt:00040023 VFB:FBbt_00003759 medulla layer 9 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003759 Middle layer of the inner medulla. FBC:BrainName Inner-most layer of the medulla. Practically it is defined by the height of the T4 neuron terminal arborizations. FBbt:00040024 VFB:FBbt_00003760 T4 layer fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003760 Inner-most layer of the medulla. Practically it is defined by the height of the T4 neuron terminal arborizations. FBC:BrainName T4 layer FlyBase:FBrf0049410 Neuron that expresses Pigment-dispersing factor, Pdf (FBgn0023178). pigment-dispersing hormone-immunoreactive neuron fly_anatomy.ontology PDF Pdh neuron FBbt:00003761 Neuron that expresses Pigment-dispersing factor, Pdf (FBgn0023178). FlyBase:FBrf0093121 pigment-dispersing hormone-immunoreactive neuron FlyBase:FBrf0093121 PDF FlyBase:FBrf0093121 Lateral period-expressing neuron (LN) that also expresses Pdf (FBgn0023178). FlyBrain_NDB:10053 VFB:FBbt_00003762 PDFMe PDH neuron pigment-dispersing hormone-immunoreactive neuron close to medulla fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003762 Lateral period-expressing neuron (LN) that also expresses Pdf (FBgn0023178). FlyBase:FBrf0093121 PDFMe FlyBase:FBrf0093121 PDH neuron FlyBrain_NDB:10053 pigment-dispersing hormone-immunoreactive neuron close to medulla FlyBase:FBrf0093121 Neuron of the period-expressing LNv cluster, with a large cell body and generally located more dorsally than the s-LNv neurons (Helfrich-Forster, 1998). There are 5 cells present in each cluster, all of which express Pdf (FBgn0023178). These neurons send dendrites through the posterior optic commissure to the contralateral optic lobe, where a few short fibers terminate in the accessory medulla, but most arborize extensively in the medulla itself (Helfrich-Forster, 2005; Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007). These arborizations in the medulla are associated with varicosities. These cells also project to the ipsilateral (adjacent) accessory medulla and its ventral extension, where they arborize extensively. VFB:FBbt_00003763 l-LNv l-vLN lLNv large LNv large pigment-dispersing hormone-immunoreactive neuron close to medulla fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003763 While l-LNv neurons fit the definition of pacemaker neurons based on molecular oscillation of Period (FBgn0003068) and Timeless (FBgn0014396) expression, they do not sustain this molecular oscillation when kept in constant darkness (Yang and Sehgal, 2001; Shafer et al., 2002). Synaptobrevin localization supports the assertion that projections through the posterior optic commissure to the contralateral optic lobe are dendritic (Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007). Neuron of the period-expressing LNv cluster, with a large cell body and generally located more dorsally than the s-LNv neurons (Helfrich-Forster, 1998). There are 5 cells present in each cluster, all of which express Pdf (FBgn0023178). These neurons send dendrites through the posterior optic commissure to the contralateral optic lobe, where a few short fibers terminate in the accessory medulla, but most arborize extensively in the medulla itself (Helfrich-Forster, 2005; Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007). These arborizations in the medulla are associated with varicosities. These cells also project to the ipsilateral (adjacent) accessory medulla and its ventral extension, where they arborize extensively. FlyBase:FBrf0101921 FlyBase:FBrf0134807 FlyBase:FBrf0151380 FlyBase:FBrf0183981 FlyBase:FBrf0193849 l-vLN FlyBase:FBrf0209505 s-LNv that expresses Pdf (FBgn0023178). There are four of these in each ventral cluster of LNs. Short, fine fibers lacking presynaptic sites contact the accessory medulla, whilst longer processes project toward the dorsal protocerebrum and terminate dorsofrontal to the mushroom body calyx, close to the DN2 neurons (Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007) where they form both pre- and postsynaptic connections (Yasuyama and Meinertzhagen, 2010). Pdf rich dense-synaptic vesicles accumulate in terminal varicosities in these cells, but are not associated with presynaptic sites (Miskiewicz et al., 2004; Yasuyama and Meinertzhagen, 2010). They can be observed docked at the plasma membrane, suggesting paracrine release of Pdf. VFB:FBbt_00003764 sLNv PDF small pigment-dispersing hormone-immunoreactive neuron close to medulla fly_anatomy.ontology small Pdf neuron FBbt:00003764 Dorsal projections judged by curator to terminate in the superior lateral protocerebrum (BrainName SLP) as defined by the BrainName standard. The presence of presynaptic sites was determined by localization of a neuronal synaptobrevin-GFP fusion (Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007) and by electron-microscopy (Yasuyama and Meinertzhagen, 2010). s-LNv that expresses Pdf (FBgn0023178). There are four of these in each ventral cluster of LNs. Short, fine fibers lacking presynaptic sites contact the accessory medulla, whilst longer processes project toward the dorsal protocerebrum and terminate dorsofrontal to the mushroom body calyx, close to the DN2 neurons (Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007) where they form both pre- and postsynaptic connections (Yasuyama and Meinertzhagen, 2010). Pdf rich dense-synaptic vesicles accumulate in terminal varicosities in these cells, but are not associated with presynaptic sites (Miskiewicz et al., 2004; Yasuyama and Meinertzhagen, 2010). They can be observed docked at the plasma membrane, suggesting paracrine release of Pdf. FlyBase:FBrf0179342 FlyBase:FBrf0191052 FlyBase:FBrf0193849 FlyBase:FBrf0209462 . fly_anatomy.ontology PDFCa pigment-dispersing hormone-immunoreactive neuron close to calyx FBbt:00003765 . FlyBase:FBrf0065419 Neuron located anteroventrally to the tritocerebrum that expresses Pdf (FBgn0023178) strongly until 24hrs after eclosion, after which Pdf immunoreactivity in the soma disappears. Within 2-4 days post-eclosion, Pdf immunoreactivity is also lost from the arborizations. fly_anatomy.ontology PDFTri pigment-dispersing hormone-immunoreactive neuron close to tritocerebrum FBbt:00003766 Neuron located anteroventrally to the tritocerebrum that expresses Pdf (FBgn0023178) strongly until 24hrs after eclosion, after which Pdf immunoreactivity in the soma disappears. Within 2-4 days post-eclosion, Pdf immunoreactivity is also lost from the arborizations. FlyBase:FBrf0093121 An amacrine neuron that is intrinsic to the medulla, whose soma is located in the cortex of the medulla and that branches and arborizes in the distal medulla. These neurons project through the distal surface of the medulla, to form wide (sometimes very wide) terminal arborizations mainly or completely restricted to a single layer of the medulla. VFB:FBbt_00003767 fly_anatomy.ontology Dm FBbt:00003767 An amacrine neuron that is intrinsic to the medulla, whose soma is located in the cortex of the medulla and that branches and arborizes in the distal medulla. These neurons project through the distal surface of the medulla, to form wide (sometimes very wide) terminal arborizations mainly or completely restricted to a single layer of the medulla. FlyBase:FBrf0049410 Distal medullary amacrine neuron that branches extensively at the distal surface of the medulla forming a moderately broad arbor with each branch making a distinctive bleb-type terminal in M1 from which short, fine terminal branches project. FlyBrain_NDB:10081 VFB:FBbt_00003768 fly_anatomy.ontology Dm1 FBbt:00003768 Pre- versus postsynaptic innervation judged by scoring of terminal morphology from figures in Fischbach and Dittrich (1989) as assessed by FlyBrain Neuron DB. Distal medullary amacrine neuron that branches extensively at the distal surface of the medulla forming a moderately broad arbor with each branch making a distinctive bleb-type terminal in M1 from which short, fine terminal branches project. FlyBase:FBrf0049410 Dm1 FlyBrain_NDB:10081 Distal medullary amacrine neuron that terminates with a bushy arbor with mixed terminal morphology in layers M4-6. FlyBrain_NDB:10082 VFB:FBbt_00003769 fly_anatomy.ontology Dm2 FBbt:00003769 Pre- versus postsynaptic innervation judged by scoring of terminal morphology from figures in Fischbach and Dittrich (1989) as assessed by FlyBrain Neuron DB. Note, this is named by Fischbach and Dittrich as a distal medullary amacrine neuron. but by morphology it looks like it could just as easily be classified as Mi. Distal medullary amacrine neuron that terminates with a bushy arbor with mixed terminal morphology in layers M4-6. FlyBase:FBrf0049410 Dm2 FlyBrain_NDB:10082 Distal medullary amacrine neuron that projects asymmetrically along layers M2 and 3 forming mixed morphology arborizations. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011). FlyBrain_NDB:10083 VFB:FBbt_00003770 fly_anatomy.ontology Dm3 FBbt:00003770 The neurotransmitter was assessed by labelling cells with a vGlut[CNSIII]-Gal4 driver [FBti0129148] (Raghu and Borst, 2011). Pre- versus postsynaptic innervation judged by scoring of terminal morphology from figures in Fischbach and Dittrich (1989) as assessed by FlyBrain Neuron DB. Distal medullary amacrine neuron that projects asymmetrically along layers M2 and 3 forming mixed morphology arborizations. It is a glutamatergic neuron (Raghu and Borst, 2011). FlyBase:FBrf0049410 FlyBase:FBrf0213690