Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.
Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell.
The anterior division of the spider body.
The posterior division of the spider body.
The outer non-cellular layer of the integument formed by the epidermis.
The sclerite that covers the prosoma dorsally.
First opisthosomal segment, the narrowed connection between prosoma and opisthosoma.
Obsolesced because this term was a mixture of (mostly) external and internal terms.
Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body.
Obsolesced because this term was a mixture of external and internal terms.
3rd opisthosomal segment (posterior booklungs and tracheae)
Finger-like or conical silk spinning appendages located at the posterior end of the opisthosoma.
A small lobe posterior to the spinnerets which bears the anal opening.
A temporally defined period of development of an organism.
Obsoleted because it is already covered by organism.
Any of the two main divisions of the whole organism formed from groups of segments.
An anatomical structure that consists of organs and organ subclasses responsible for certain body functions.
A division of the whole organism into specialized systems.
The anterior portion of the carapace, bearing the eyes, sometimes delimited posteriorly by marked thoracic furrows.
The posterior portion of the carapace, sometimes delimited anteriorly by marked thoracic furrows.
The central depression in the carapace representing the invagination of the carapace where the stomach muscles attach.
The anterior appendage of a spider (the jaw) consisting of a large basal segment (paturon) and an apical fang.
Appendage of prosoma, between the palp and leg 2.
Appendage of prosoma, between the leg 1 and leg 3.
Appendage of prosoma, between the leg 2 and leg 4.
The dorsal sclerite on the pedicel, or lorum. In many spiders the lorum is transversally divided into lorum 1 and lorum 2.
The booklung of the second opisthosomal segment.
An often sclerotized and well-defined area in the median epigastric area that contains the copulatory openings.
A collective term for the internal elements of the female genitalia.
The area just anterior to the epigastric fold and between the booklungs in male spiders, often bearing epiandrous spigots.
The respiratory structure homologous to the posterior booklung, which may be present as a booklung developed in full or in diverse grades of reduction, or as a (lateral) trachea.
The spiracle of the posterior tracheal system.
A transverse groove or fold across the anterior ventral part of the opisthosoma, delimiting the second and third opisthosomal segments.
The anterior median opisthosomal appendage, which may be present as a spinneret in some Mesothelae, or reduced to the cribellum or colulus in Araneomorphae; it is absent in Mygalomorphae.
The lateral spinneret of the fourth opisthosomal segment.
The median spinneret of the fifth opisthosomal segment.
The lateral spinneret of the fifth opisthosomal segment.
A small sclerite at the base of the chelicera, under the clypeus.
The space between the anterior edge of the carapace and the anterior eyes.
The dorsal sclerite of the anal tubercle.
The ventral sclerite of the anal tubercle.
The organ system of ectodermal origin consisting of cuticle and epidermis. It includes also sensory and glandular structures.
The organ system that forms the covering layer of the animal.
The elements in the second and third segment of the opisthosoma of adult females, which are involved in copulation, sperm storage and fertilization.
The palp of the adult male, modified, with a copulatory organ attached to the tarsus.
The movable body of the seta, articulated on the setal socket.
The posterior margin of the carapace on top of the pedicel.
A cord of silk composed by more than one silk fiber.
A single silk thread, produced by a single spigot.
The ventral part of the second opisthosomal segment, between the pedicel and the epigastric furrow.
A tentative term for the ventral opisthosomal area between the epigastric fold and the spinnerets. It corresponds with the 3rd opisthosomal segment.
The part of the respiratory system corresponding to the third segment of the opisthosoma, including the posterior booklungs, tracheae and its derivations.
The booklung of the third opisthosomal segment.
A depression on the clypeus with glandular tissue.
A depression on the side of the carapace, above the palp, with pores, presumable gland openings.
The paired respiratory structure homologous to the 3rd opisthosomal entapophysis, which may be present as a median trachea.
A paired trachea arising between the two lateral respiratory structures. Median tracheae are derived from muscle apodemes (the 3rd opisthosomal entapophyses), and thus may retain a connection with the opisthosomal muscles at the tip.
The entapophysis of the third opisthosomal segment.
The apical segment of a chelicera, bearing the opening of the venom gland.
A small sclerite on the posterior end of the intercheliceral articulation, usually matching a small concavity on each paturon.
The longitudinal joint between the two chelicerae.
The basal, 1st segment of the female palp. It may be expanded in a lobe, and then is called endite.
The 2nd segment of the female palp, between coxa and femur.
The 3rd segment of the female palp, between trochanter and patella.
The 4th segment of the female palp, between femur and tibia.
The 5th segment of the female palp, between patella and tarsus.
The 6th segment of the female palp, between tibia and pretarsus.
A paired, slit-like opening in the heart wall through which the hemolymph can enter the lumen of the heart.
The median spinneret of the fourth opisthosomal segment. They are present only in Mesothelae, and transformed in the cribellum or colulus in some Araneomorphae.
The anterior portion of the gut, of ectodermal origin and lined with cuticle.
A very short, flat field of spigots between the anterior lateral spinnerets. It is homologous to the anterior median spinnerets found in Mesothelae spiders. The cribellum may be median or paired.
Each of the prosomal excretory glands discharging on the leg coxae.
A raised sector of the cuticle bearing setae, between the anterior lateral spinnerets. It is a relic of the cribellum, found in some araneomorph spiders. The colulus may be median or bilobed.
A spigot on the anterior median spinneret.
A lateral respiratory structure in form of tube. Lateral tracheae are homologous to the booklung atrium.
The only article of posterior median spinneret, bearing the spinning field.
The basal article of anterior lateral spinneret.
basal article of anterior lateral spinneret
The median article of anterior lateral spinneret.
intermediate article of anterior lateral spinneret
median article of anterior lateral spinneret
The most distal article of anterior lateral spinneret, bearing the spinning field.
distal article of anterior lateral spinneret
The spinning field of the anterior lateral spinneret.
spinning field of anterior lateral spinneret
The spinning field of the posterior median spinneret.
spinning field of posterior median spinneret
The basal article of the posterior lateral spinneret.
basal article of posterior lateral spinneret
The most distal article of posterior lateral spinneret, bearing the spinning field.
distal article of posterior lateral spinneret
The spinning field of the posterior lateral spinneret.
spinning field of posterior lateral spinneret
The central pumping organ of the circulatory system, located dorso-medially in the anterior part of the opisthosoma within a pericardial sinus.
The portion of the midgut contained in the opisthosoma.
A pocket arising dorsally on the posterior part of the midgut where the excrements accumulate. It connects to the anus via the hindgut.
Each of the lateral sclerotized plates on the epigyne, ectal to the epigynal fold.
The median sclerotized plate on the epigyne, between the epigynal folds.
A copulatory duct in the anterior section of the female genitalia.
The orifice leading to the copulatory duct in entelegyne condition.
Certain exceptions might occur. One open case is Triaeris stenaspis described by Burger (2009, Inv. Biol. ). The females of this species have an opening on the posterior ventral scutum leading via a duct into a sac. According to the author the sac and duct is not connected to the uterus externus and also resemble a haplogyne condition.
The fertilization duct in the anterior section of the female genitalia, connecting with the uterus externus or bursa.
In haplogyne condition the fertilization duct acts also as copulatory duct.
A hollow sclerotized structure of the female genitalia of entelegyne spiders, used for the storage of sperm. The spermatheca is connected to the copulatory and fertilization ducts.
A delimited patch of glandular pores on the spermathecae of entelegyne spiders.
A hollow, blind sclerotized structure of the female genitalia of entelegyne spiders, usually connected by a duct to the anterior copulatory duct. The accessory bulb has several gland pores with cuticular glandular ducts. In occasions the accessory bulb is reduced to the patch of gland pores, without its own lumen or duct.
The segment of duct between the primary and secondary spermatheca.
A nonfunctional, only partially formed, i.e. vestigial, spigot, either morphologically singular or multiple.
Small glands with a cuticular duct, discharging through a pore on the epigynal plate.
The basal, 1st segment of the male palp.
The base of a spigot, wider than the apical shaft. It is probably homologous with a setal socket.
The 2nd segment of the male palp, between coxa and femur.
The 3rd segment of the male palp, between trochanter and patella.
The 4th segment of the male palp, between femur and tibia.
The 5th segment of the male palp, between patella and tarsus.
The distal, elongate part of the spigot, with a orifice at the tip through which the silk is extruded. It is probably homologous with a setal shaft.
A process on the dorsal surface of the male palpal tibia.
A process on the prolateral surface of the male palpal tibia.
A process on the retrolateral surface of the male palpal tibia.
male palpal tibia retrolateral apophysis
A process on the ventral surface of the male palpal tibia.
The tarsus, 6th and last segment of the male palp connected with the tibia. The name cymbium is mostly used when modified as a spoon-shaped structure containing the copulatory bulb.
The tarsal organ of the male palpal tarsus.
The base of major ampullate gland spigot.
Each of the chemosensory setae on the male palpal tarsus.
Any of the apical setae on the male palpal cymbium.
The concave ventral surface of the male palpal cymbium, where the copulatory bulb is attached.
The retrolateral margin of the alveolus.
A process on the retrolateral-basal sector of the cymbium. It may be flexibly articulated through a movable membrane, or a rigid outgrowth.
A process on the dorsal surface of the cymbium.
The genital structure of the male spider containing the spermophor and attached to the palpal tarsus; rarely fused to the tarsus, as in some Oonopidae, from which it can be differentiated by lacking setae .
A strongly sclerotized and thickened region within the wall of the basal hematodochal membrane.
The membrane connecting the genital bulb to the tarsus.
The basal sclerite of the bulb, connected to the cymbium by the basal hematodocha. It contains the fundus of the spermaphor.
The blind end of the spermophor in the subtegulum.
The middle sclerite of the male palp, that contains the spermophore and bears the embolus.
The membrane connecting the tegulum to the subtegulum.
The division of the copulatory bulb distal to the median division, articulated to the tegulum by a terminal hematodocha. It contains the embolus, the sperm outlet, and may also have additional sclerites such as the radix.
The intromittent sclerite of the male copulatory bulb, where the spermophor discharges.
The tube inside the copulatory bulb containing the sperm. It runs from the blind fundus in the subtegulum, to an opening in the embolus. It is often sclerotized and served by many glands.
According to Comstock (1910), the spermophor (his receptaculum seminis) consists of three parts: the fundus, the reservoir, and the ejaculatory duct. These parts often do not have clear limits.
A sclerite of the copulatory bulb arising from the tegulum.
A sclerite of the male palp inserted in the tegulum. It usually guides or fits part of the embolus; may be sclerotized or hyaline.
The membrane connecting the embolic division with the tegulum.
A sclerotized piece inserted on another sclerotized structure of the copulatory bulb through a membranous joint.
The shaft of major ampullate gland spigot.
A large basal condyle on the ectal surface of the paturon, contacting with the margin of the carapace.
The anterior margin of the cheliceral furrow in Araneomorphae (mesal margin in Mygalomorphae).
The posterior margin of the cheliceral furrow in Araneomorphae (ectal margin in Mygalomorphae).
A gland in the paturon of the chelicera, discharging secretion through a small field patch of pores on the fang furrow, opposing the venom outlet.
A file on the ectal side of the paturon, used in conjunction with palpal femoral thorns to produce stridulation. The file is usually made of a series of fine horizontal ridges, but it may be composed of large, well spaced ridges (in Scytodidae) or a scaly surface.
The shaft of an aciniform gland spigot on the posterior lateral spinneret.
shaft of aciniform gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
The tapetum of the anterior lateral eye.
The tapetum of the posterior median eye.
The tapetum of the posterior lateral eye.
The orifice in the fang tip where the venom gland discharges.
A row of tiny teeth along the anterior edge of the endite.
A cluster of plumous, curved setae arising from the dorso-distal surface of the endite.
A gland in the maxilla, discharging secretion through a small field patch of pores, usually on the dorsal side of the endite, sometimes on its mesal surface.
The base of an aciniform gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret.
base of aciniform gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
Any of the ventral setae on the female palpal tarsus.
Any of the apical setae on the female palpal tarsus.
Each of the chemosensory setae on the female palpal tarsus.
female palpal tarsus dorsal chemosensory seta
The base of a cylindrical gland spigot of the posterior lateral spinneret.
base of cylindrical gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
The shaft of a cylindrical gland spigot of the posterior lateral spinneret.
shaft of cylindrical gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
The shaft of a modified gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret.
shaft of modified gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
The base of the modified gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret.
base of modified gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
The base of a paracribellar gland spigot of the posterior lateral spinneret.
base of paracribellar gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
The shaft of a paracribellar gland spigot of the posterior lateral spinneret.
shaft of paracribellar gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
The shaft of a gland spigot on the posterior lateral spinneret.
shaft of gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
The base of a gland spigot on the posterior lateral spinneret.
base of gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
A flanking spigot in the triad of araneoid spiders. It extrudes a viscid silk used in the wet adhesive threads.
Any of the tactile hairs on the prosoma appendages.
Small setae without innervation, bent in an obtuse angle just after the socket; can be of several shapes, including cylindrical, feathery, or flat.
Tenent seta on ventral or lateral surfaces on appendages.
Each of the barbs with expanded tips on the tenent surface of the scopular seta.
Each of the tenent setae composing the claw tuft.
The base of the claw tuft setal shaft, just above its insertion on the socket.
Each of the barbs with expanded tips on the tenent surface of the claw tuft seta.
A patch of curved thick setae, usually arranged in one or more rows, on the dorsal-retrolateral side along metatarsus IV of cribellate spiders. It is used for combing out silk from the cribellum.
Each of the individual setae composing the calamistrum.
An apical, ventral prolateral macroseta proximal to the membranous division at base of claws.
A palpal femoral thorn on the female palp.
A cluster of thick setae on the side of the endite, the chelicera or the coxa I, used for stridulation.
The base of an aciniform gland spigot of posterior median spinneret.
base of aciniform gland spigot of posterior median spinneret
The shaft of an aciniform gland spigot on the posterior median spinneret.
shaft of aciniform gland spigot of posterior median spinneret
The base of a cylindrical gland spigot of the posterior median spinneret.
base of cylindrical gland spigot of posterior median spinneret
The area of opisthosomal cuticle just ventral to the booklung, usually more sclerotized and with a different sculpture than the neighboring opisthosomal cuticle.
Each of the hollow cuticular columns arising from the ventral cuticle of the booklung leaf, which prevents the collapsing of the leaf.
The shaft of a cylindrical gland spigot of the posterior median spinneret.
shaft of cylindrical gland spigot of posterior median spinneret
A spigot on the anterior lateral spinneret.
Each of the large spigots on the anterior lateral spinnerets, used for draglines and structural threads.
A partly sclerotized sector on the spinning field of the anterior lateral spinneret, bearing the major ampullate gland spigots and associated sensilla. Some of the relatively basal Araneomorphae (filistatids, eresids) have, in addition to a mesal marginal cluster, one or more major ampullate spigots mixed among the piriforms.
A cuticle strain sensor on the major ampullate field. These receptors are found at the base of the spigots of the major ampullate glands which produce the dragline used by the spider as a safety thread in various behavioral situations. They are likely to provide information on the forces pulling on the dragline and also on its orientation in space. A single sensillum consists of a hole in the cuticle covered by a thin cuticular membrane. It much resembles spider slit sensilla, which are known to detect strains in the exoskeleton. Each sensillum is supplied by two dendrites most likely belonging to two bipolar sensory cells. One of the dendrites ends at the covering membrane and the other more proximally. The sensilla are arranged with their long axes roughly parallel to the circumference of the spigots. External forces, transmitted by the dragline, result in deformation of the central part of the cuticular plate at the base of the spigots and thus in stimulation of the sensilla. Considering their morphology, topography, and electrophysiology, these mechanoreceptors are suggested to be important in the sensory control of dragline release by the spider.
Each of the many spigots on the anterior lateral spinnerets, used to cement the attachment of ampullate threads to each other and to the substratum. The cemented attachment is known as attachment disk.
A spigot on the posterior median spinneret.
An ampullate gland spigot on the posterior median spinneret.
A aciniform gland spigot located on a posterior median spinneret.
aciniform gland spigot of posterior median spinneret
A cylindrical gland spigot on the posterior median spinneret.
cylindrical gland spigot of posterior median spinneret
A aciniform gland spigot located on a posterior lateral spinneret.
aciniform gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
A cylindrical gland spigot on the posterior lateral spinneret.
cylindrical gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
A relatively large spigot, usually forming part of a triad in the posterior lateral spinnerets.
modified gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
A paracribellar gland spigot located on the posterior lateral spinneret.
paracribellar gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
A functional group of spigots on the posterior lateral spinneret, formed by one modified spigot flanked by two spigots.
A paracribellar gland spigot located on the posterior median spinneret.
paracribellar gland spigot of posterior median spinneret
The end of the embolus containing the sperm outlet.
The orifice on the embolus tip where the spermophor discharges.
A palpal femoral thorn on the male palp.
The base of the minor ampullate gland spigot.
The shaft of the minor ampullate gland spigot.
shaft of minor ampullate gland spigot of posterior median spinneret
Any of the setae on the prosoma appendages.
Each of the many gland spigots on the cribellum. They produce an adhesive mat of very thin dry fibrils.
A spigot on the posterior lateral spinneret.
There are several specialized setae on the anal tubercle, not yet well characterized.
The base of a paracribellar gland spigot on the posterior median spinneret.
base of paracribellar gland spigot of posterior median spinneret
A generalized term for a pouch in the anterior section of the female genitalia, arising internally from the epigastric fold or uterus externus.
The shaft of a paracribellar gland spigot on the posterior median spinneret.
shaft of paracribellar gland spigot of posterior median spinneret
An apodeme arising from the posterior wall of the epigastric furrow. These apodemes are usually placed on invaginations or folds of the cuticle.
A chitinized sac arising from the posterior wall of the uterus externus.
The distal part of the uterus, lined by cuticle and opening into the gonopore.
A sclerotized process on the male palpal patella.
A sensory seta with an open tip. They are usually inervated by 21 neurons, two of them mechanosensitive and restricted to the base, and 19 chemosensitive, with their dentrites extending into the shaft, and ending in the distal pore.
A flat sclerite with a distal free end on the dorsal side of the labrum of araneomorph spiders (except Hypochilus).
The upper lip, usually covered by the chelicerae and not easily visible.
The anterior median extension of the sternum, it may be articulated through a soft membrane.
A sigilla on the posterior lateral corner of the labium, where an extension of the endosternite attaches.
A sigilla on the lateral of sternum, where an extension of the endosternite attaches.
The base of a gland spigot on the posterior median spinneret.
base of gland spigot of posterior median spinneret
The shaft of a gland spigot on the posterior median spinneret.
shaft of gland spigot of posterior median spinneret
Each of the triangular sclerotized extensions from the sternum, their tips pointing to the middle of the coxa bases.
Each of the triangular sclerotized extensions from the sternum, between the coxae.
The shaft of the aggregate gland spigot.
The area between the carapace and the sternum, where the leg coxae articulate.
A small horizontal sclerite on the pleural area that may occur between two coxae.
Each of the small horizontal sclerites on the pleural area, between the coxae and the carapace.
The portion of the midgut contained in the prosoma.
A finger-like extension of the anterior midgut, often extending into a leg coxa.
A cusple on the endites of some Mygalomorphae.
The sigilla on the dorsum of the opisthosoma, where a dorso-ventral opisthosomal muscle inserts.
A hygroreceptor and thermosensory organ situated on the dorsal side of the leg and palpal tarsi.
A group of tenent setae covering surfaces on appendages. Do not confuse with the generic use as a brush of unspecified setae.
A paired cluster of tenent setae on the feet of many vagrant spiders, which may arise from a patch solidly integrated with the surrounding cuticle or may be inserted on an articulate plate (the claw tuft plate).
A sensory seta on the dorsal surfaces of legs and palps, specialized in detecting air movement. The setal shaft is slender, perpendicular to the cuticle surface, usually curved backwards and longer than the neighboring setae. Trichobothria are typically disposed in longitudinal series of distally increasing length.
A large articulated seta, with thick and long shaft and robust socket. Macrosetae are inervated by three neurons and become erected when the hemolymph pressure increases. Nerve impulses are generated only during the erection phase. They occur mainly on appendages, but sometimes similar setae occur on the opisthosoma as well.
A process on the retrolateral margin of the cymbium, midway between the base and the tip.
The outer layer of the egg, composed of non-cellular secretion, produced by the female genital tract.
A structure made of silk fibers or glue.
A complex silk structure composed by fibers from multiple gland spigot types: cribellar fibers, axial lines, and often a reserve wrap.
A cribellar silk fiber composing the adhesive mat of the cribellate silk band.
The patch of silk produced by the piriform gland spigots to attach the ampullate fibers to the substrate.
The sticky line composed by dry axial fibers and a viscous glue as in the araneoid spiral.
A cuticular projection on the palpal trochanter of the postembryo, that helps piercing the chorion during eclosion.
A network of piriform glue-coated fibres, which cement the dragline in the central part of the disc and are attached to the substrate in the lateral parts of the disc.
A female gamete where meiosis has progressed to metaphase II and is able to participate in fertilization.
The gland on the chelicera or carapace that produced the venom injected through the fang.
Circular impressions or dimples on the opisthosoma and sternum of some spiders representing points of muscle attachment and endoskeletal attachments.
Replace this with pigment layers, cuticular pigment, or other more precise terms. Use characters as guide.
Appendage of prosoma, between the chelicerae and leg I.
Replace this an anatomical term, like the complete setal vestiture. Use characters as guide.
An eye where the retina receives the light indirectly, reflected by the tapetum. Indirect eyes usually appear shiny. Most commonly all eyes except the anterior medians are indirect, but the tapetum is lost in several families, such as Salticidae. Philodromidae and Eresidae.
Light reflecting crystalline structure behind the retinal cells of the secondary eyes.
The groove of the chelicera into which the fang closes.
Very short macroseta, often with a blunt tip.
Each of the tiny cuticular projections on the setal shafts.
The tibial gland was reported in e.g., Leptonetidae (Platnick 1986).
The dorsal sclerite corresponding to a segment in the opisthosoma.
The ventral sclerite corresponding to a segment in the opisthosoma.
An articulate cuticular outgrowth, often inervated to conform a mechanical or chemical sensillium.
The cuticular alveolus and surrounding rim where the setal shaft articulates.
A specialized seta of some Theraphosidae spiders, with a basal breakage zone. The detached setae are transported by air or by contact and urticate the mammal skin.
The shaft of a tactile hair on prosoma appendages.
The membranous surface on the spinnerets bearing spigots.
Tiny cylindrical extension of the spinnerets from which silk is extruded.
Each of the small spigots on the posterior spinnerets. They extrude thin fibrils used to cover surfaces, such as the wrapping of preys, lining of silken cells, some layers in eggsacs.
A spigot found in some Mygalomorphae, with a globose base with striae, as in a pumpkin.
Each of the large spigots on the posterior spinnerets, occurring only in adult females. They extrude a silk used for some layers of the eggsac, probably used to regulate humidity.
A large spigot on the anterior lateral of posterior median spinnerets, extruding resistant fibers.
Each of the spigots on the posterior spinnerets of some cribellate spiders, with a shaft similar to those of cribellar spigots, strobilate except in Filistatidae.
A cuticular scar, morphologically singular or multiple, that results, after ecdysis, from a collared opening forming in the exoskeleton during proecdysis; the opening accommodates a silk gland duct, allowing it to remain attached to a spigot on the old exoskeleton during proecdysis.
Any of the four appendages of prosoma, behind the palp.
The basal, 1st segment of the leg. It articulates with the trochanter through a prolateral ball-socket articulation.
Second segment of the leg, between the coxa and femur. It articulates with the femur through a pair of lateral condyles.
The 3rd segment of the leg, between trochanter and patella. It articulates with the patella through a pair of dorsal-lateral condyles.
The 4th segment of the leg, between femur and tibia. It articulates with the tibia through a medial dorsal condyle.
The 5th segment of the leg, between patella and metatarsus. It articulates with the metatarsus through a pair of dorsal-lateral condyles.
The 6th segment of the leg, between tibia and tarsus. It articulates with the tarsus through free joint without condyles.
The 7th segment of the leg, between the metatarsus and the pretarsus. It articulates with the pretarsus through a pair of lateral condyles.
The most apical pseudopodomere of the tarsus, delimited by a membrane in place of the foot slit suture. The membrane extends from each side to meet dorsally and thus forms an additional joint. Only some araneomorph spiders such as several Synspermiata or palpimanoids have an articulate podotarsite.
A hook-shaped sclerotized structure arising from the leg or palpal pretarsus.
The median, unpaired claw located apically on the leg pretarsus.
The distal plate of the socket of trichobothria.
Replace this with stage-specific anatomical terms. Use characters as guide.
A cuticular overhang that makes contact with an opposing step in the tarsus and prevents overflexion of the tarsus-metatarsus joint. The contact with the tarsal step triggers a signal from the vibration sense organ, a lyriform organ immediately behind the metatarsal stopper.
The proximal plate of the socket of trichobothria.
An eye where the retina receives the light directly, as opposed to being reflected by a tapetum.
The external, transparent cuticular structure of the eye.
A medium-sized seta with curved shaft, usually with barbs, inervated by three neurons. This is the most frequent and widespread kind of seta.
A seta with a small socket, bent in angle immediately after its insertion, so that it lies parallel to the cuticular surface. Scales lack innervation. They can have a wide variety of shapes, including feathery, cylindrical, and flat.
A cusple on the labium of some Mygalomorphae.
A paired traight, thick silk fiber in the cribellate silk band.
A paired, highly curled and thick silk fiber in the cribellate silk band.
A silk fiber produced through an aciniform gland spigot.
A silk fiber produced through a major ampullate gland spigot.
A silk fiber produced through a minor ampullate gland spigot.
A silk fiber produced through a paracribellar gland spigot.
A silk fiber produced through a modified gland spigot.
A silk fiber produced through a cylindrical gland spigot.
A silk fiber with glue coating produced through a piriform gland spigot.
A silk fiber produced through a cribellar gland spigot.
The base of the flagelliform gland spigot.
The shaft of the flagelliform gland spigot.
The base of the pseudoflagelliform gland spigot.
The shaft of the pseudoflagelliform gland spigot.
shaft of pseudoflagelliform gland spigot
The opisthosomal segment between carapace and epigastrium.
The opisthosomal segment between the pedicel and the epigastric furrow.
The opisthosomal segment between the epigastric furrow and the spinnerets.
The opisthosomal segment bearing the anterior spinnerets.
The opisthosomal segment bearing the posterior spinnerets.
The respiratory system lined by cuticle, composed by tracheae and booklungs.
A respiratory structure made of many hollow leaves lined by cuticle, connecting to the exterior by a spiracle.
The external opening leading to the booklung atrium.
Each of the cuticular lamella of the booklung. The lamella are filled with air, and their thin cuticle allows for gas exchange.
A space behind the booklung spiracle, where the booklung leaves arise.
A tracheal structure with tubular shape.
The opening of a trachea to the exterior.
A generalized tracheal structure on the 2nd or 3rd opisthosomal segment, may be represented as a lateral trachea or a booklung.
A generalized tracheal structure on the 2nd or 3rd opisthosomal segment, may be represented as a trachea or an elongate apodeme.
A ventral paired apodeme on the posterior end of the opisthosomal segment.
The part of the respiratory system corresponding to the second segment of the opisthosoma, including the anterior booklungs and its derivations.
A tracheal tube arising from the interpulmonary fold in the 2nd segment.
The basal part of the fang, between its insertion and the fang shaft.
The apical part of the fang, having the fang shaft serrula.
A line of denticles along the concave side of the fang.
The stereotyped movements used by cribellate spiders to card the band of cribellar fibrils using the calamistrum. It involves the movement of the carding leg IV of which the calamistrum is being used, and a contralateral leg to support the carding leg.
The 8th, most distal article of the leg, articulated with the tarsus and bearing the claws.
Segment on the leg, connected to other articles or to prosoma by articulate joints.
Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue.
A small sclerite on the fang articulation, where the fang flexor tendon inserts.
The bulbous expansion on the trichobothrial shaft base, just above its insertion point.
In entelegyne spiders the tarsal organ is protected by a capsule with a small opening.
Each of the tarsal organ sensilla with rimmed pores, where the sensory dendrites end.
Each of the discrete cells in the cuticular sculpture of rigid surfaces in spiders such as some Araneoidea.
The sclerotized median piece on the pretarsus, where the two tendons controlling the movement of the claws are connected (pretarsus levator and pretarsus depressor). It articulates with the tarsus by two basal lateral condyles (struts). The superior claws articulate with the claw lever by a movable joint. When present, the inferior claw arises from the pretarsus.
Each of the radial superficial markings on the carapace corresponding to the limits of the underlying leg muscles.
The cheliceral escort seta on the promargin.
The cheliceral escort seta on the retromargin.
Each of the setae aligned on the cheliceral promargin in front of the fang base. They have the barbs disposed on longitudinal lines.
The 7th, most distal article of the female palp, articulated with the tarsus and containing the claw.
A mechanoreceptor sensitive to strain on the cuticle. It has a linear shape with raised borders. Slit sensilla may occur in isolation or in groups of parallel sensilla, forming a lyriform organ.
Each of the sclerites forming a ring, where the coxal and trochanter muscles insert. Upon leg autospasy, the cleavage occurs across the sclerites, thus leaving the coxal muscles intact.
An unsclerotized area from the retrolateral distal margin of the patella to the lyriform organs. The area of the retrolateral indentation is distorted by the movement.
A group of short propiosensory setae placed at the ventral basal corners of coxae. They are reflected by the folding of the pleural membrane.
A propiosensor made of a group of parallel slit sensilla.
A cuticular step or ridge that makes contact with the opposing metatarsus dorsal stopper and prevents overflexion of the tarsus-metatarsus joint.
A lyriform organ placed just behind the metatarsus dorsal stopper, with slit sensilla perpendicular to the leg axis.
Each of the small tooth forming the calamistrum seta comb.
A paired plate on the feet, at the side of the pretarsus, bearing the insertions of the claw tuft setae. The claw tuft plate is articulated ventrally through a movable suture or membrane, the claw tuft suture.
A paired lateral-ventral slit sensilla at the tip of the tarsus, sensitive to vibrations. It delimits the foot.
A ventral unsclerotized suture ventrally on the tarsus tip, uniting the foot slits from both sides. The suture seemingly provides room for cuticle deformation upon stress, and thus increased sensitivity on the slit sensilla.
A series of longitudinal ridges at each side on the claw lever.
Each of the several long, elongate setae, with strong socket and smooth shaft, occurring anteriorly on the opisthosoma around the pedicel. They are presumably propioceptors of the position of the opisthosoma relative to the prosoma.
The rigid cuticle of prosoma and its appendages.
A barb with expanded tip that makes contact with substratum and produces adherence through molecular forces.
An anatomically distinct cluster of setae, such as a field, patch, comb, etc.
A seta with a defined patch of tenent barbs, such as those of the scopula or claw tuft.
A patch of chemosensory setae apically on the dorsal surface of the female palpal tarsus.
A patch of chemosensory setae apically on the dorsal surface of the male palpal tarsus (cymbium). It has been shown to be sensitive to the pheromones laid by females in draglines.
A seta with intermediate morphology between tenent and tactile hair, with acute tip and tenent barbs loosely organized on the contact side but usually not forming a pad.
The apical pore in the chemosensory setal shaft, where the chemosensory dendrites end.
The dorsal sclerite on the pedicel closer to the carapace.
The dorsal sclerite on the pedicel closer to the opisthosoma.
A mesh of cuticular extensions lining the booklung atrium and the base of booklung leaves.
A fold connecting the booklung atria from each side, lined by a mesh of cuticular extensions.
An internal prolongation of the cuticle where muscles insert.
A mesh of cuticular extensions lining the luminal side of the tracheal cuticle.
A trachea of small diameter with single cuticular wall, without internal mesh.
The thin cuticle of the trachea, across which the gas interchange occurs.
The entapophysis of the second opisthosomal segment.
The entapophysis of the fourth opisthosomal segment.
The entapophysis of the fifth opisthosomal segment.
A sensillum whose dendrites end on a pore in the cuticle, sensitive to its deformations.
The two spigots of the triad at each side of the modified gland spigot. Depending on the taxonomic group, the flanking spigots may be aggregate, paracribellar, or a form not yet characterized of gland spigots.
The field of piriform gland spigots on the anterior lateral spinnerets.
The distal pore of the spigot shaft from where the silk is extruded.
A flexible piece at the tip of the spigot shaft, delimiting the apical opening. It has been reported in the spigots of Polenecia producta (Uloboridae) but has a wider, scattered distribution in other taxa as well.
The opisthosomal segment bearing the anal tubercle.
An orifice on the anal tubercle where the stercoral pocket discharges.
A internal cuticular tube inside the chemosensory seta shaft, enclosing the dentrites, extending from the apical pore to about 2/3 of the shaft length.
Any membrane that allows or actively produces movement of the copulatory bulb or of parts of it.
Any of the main sections of the male copulatory bulb, delimited by hematodochae.
The division of the copulatory bulb between the basal and median hematodochae, containing the subtegulum.
The division of the copulatory bulb between the median and terminal hematodochae, containing the tegulum, conductor and median apophysis.
A sclerite connecting the embolus with the tegulum through the terminal hematodocha, and containing the spermophor.
Any of the sclerotized processes arising in the cymbium.
Any of the setae on the male palpal cymbium.
A sclerotized process on the male palpal tibia.
A sclerotized process on the male palpal femur.
A process on the middle of the ventral surface of the male palpal femur.
A process on the ventral surface of the male palpal femur near its base.
A process on the ventral surface of the male palpal femur near its distal end.
A process on the dorsal surface of the male palpal patella.
A process on the retrolateral surface of the male palpal patella.
male palpal patella retrolateral process
A gland inside the male palpal tibia, discharging through a pore on a tibial process. Has been found in some Spartaeinae (Saliticidae) and Macrobuninae (Amaurobiidae).
A elongate depression forming a canal on the surface of cymbium.
A ventral longitudinal groove on the tip of the cymbium. It occurs in Anyphaenidae.
A longitudinal groove on the retrolateral surface of cymbium. It occurs in several Miturgidae.
A proximal process on the dorsal surface of the male palpal tibia.
A distal process on the ventral surface of the male palpal tibia.
male palpal tibia ventral apical process
The cuticular duct of the epigynal cuticular gland.
The pore on the epigynal plate where the epigynal cuticular gland discharges.
Each of the two folds on the epigyne, between the lateral lobes and the median field.
A spermatheca on the anterior section of the female genitalia.
A sclerotized hollow tube connecting structures of the female genitalia, usually for the transit of sperm.
Obsoleted because the concept is covered by integumentary tube.
The segment of duct connecting the accessory bulb to the copulatory duct, occasionally directly to the spermatheca.
A hardened plug obstructing the female copulatory opening(s). The copulatory plug is secreted by the male copulatory bulb, although it may have components secreted by the female as well.
A gland discharging secretion through pores in the posterior diverticulum.
A generic term for hollow cuticular structures in the female genitalia, whose presumed function is sperm storage. The term is used mainly in Dysderoidea, Palpimanoidea or Austrochiloidea, where the homology with the spermathecae as found in other spiders is not well defined.
A receptacle arising from the anterior wall of the epigastric furrow, anterior to the uterus externus.
A gland with a cuticular duct discharging in the anterior receptacle.
A small invagination, often sclerotized, just posterior to the anterior booklung spiracle. It is found in lamponids and some other spiders.
The section of the female genitalia anterior to the uterus externus. Most spiders only have genital structures in this section.
This section may contain only solid or nearly solid cuticular elements as e.g. the t-shaped sclerite (=stalk + transversal apodeme) in Oonopidae.
The section of the female genitalia posterior to the uterus externus. Only some spider groups have genital structures in this section, for example most Dysderoidea.
This section may contain only solid or nearly solid cuticular elements.
A pore on the accessory bulb where a gland duct is connected.
The cuticular duct connected to a pore on the accessory bulb.
A gland discharging secretion through pores on the spermathecal wall.
A generic term for glands discharging their products into female genital elements.
A gland discharging through a pore on the accessory bulb.
The short basal article of the cribellum, visible as a sclerotized band bearing setae.
A seta on the cheliceral paturon, densely covered by barbs as in a pipe cleaner, except at the base, which is smooth.
A cheliceral whisker seta arising near the articulation of the fang, bent near its base and accompanying the fang. Escort setae are usually longer than other more mesal whisker setae.
The internal layer of the eye containing the photosensitive visual cells and the pigment cells.
The layer of transparent cells between the eye lens and the retina.
The region of the cephalic area bearing the eyes.
The globular or conical stucture including all internal elements of the eye.
An unsclerotized, often elevated patch, on the retrolateral surface of the coxa. It occurs almost exclusively on coxa I, only rarely as well on coxae II and III.
The shaft of the aciniform gland spigot.
The shaft of a cylindrical gland spigot.
The opening of the gonads located between second and third segment of the opisthosoma. In most of the cases the gonopore is located inside the epigastric furrow.
The silken sac made by the female to retain together the eggs.
The paired apodemes extending posteriorly from the lorum into the opisthosoma. When the lorum 2 is well defined, the posterior apodemes arise from it.
Each of the slit sensillum of the pedicel sensilla stripe.
The paired apodemes extending anteriorly from the lorum into the prosoma. When the lorum 1 is well defined, the apodemes arise from it.
Each of the paired series of slit sensilla at the base of the lorum posterior apodeme. The stripes are placed on two lateral longitudinal series, each sensillum approximately perpendicular to the body axis. Most entelegynes have such stripe of sensilla, apparently on the base of the apodeme. When the lorum 2 is present, it bears the slit sensilla and the poserior apodemes as a single piece.
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction.
The reproductive system of the adult male.
The reproductive system of the adult female.
The modified area between uterus externus and uterus internus with interlocking ridges.
This structure is mainly described for Pholcidae.
The male gonad that produces and release sperm.
The tube connected to the distal end of the testis and opens into the proximal part of the unpaired ejaculatory duct.
Unpaired region of the male reproductive system that connects the gonopore with the deferent duct. Sometimes, its proximal portion is enlarged, forming the seminal vesicle.
The unpaired duct connecting the ovaries with the gonopore.
The proximal part of the uterus, without a cuticular lining and continuing proximally into the oviduct.
Is the part of the female reproductive system which consists of generative and somatic elements.
The elements of the adult male palp which are involved into sperm transfer.
A spermatheca in the posterior section of the female genitalia. It is connected to the uterus externus or posterior diverticulum by a fertilization duct.
The fertilization duct In the posterior section of the female genitalia, connecting with the uterus externus or posterior diverticulum.
A copulatory duct in the posterior section of the female genitalia.
A cuticular protrusion from the median field of the epigyne.
A gland discharging secretion through pores in a copulatory duct.
A gland discharging secretion through pores in a fertilization duct.
A distinct area (e.g. pore plate) with an accumulation of glandular units.
A short macroseta on the promargin or retromargin of the chelicerae, with blunt tip. Peg teeth occur most commonly in Palpimanoids.
The endosternite of the opisthosomal segment 5, where the muscle dilator of the anus inserts.
A slik structure used to entangle preys.
A preying web with stereotyped architecture, composed of frame, radii and sticky spiral.
Organ system responsible for the food uptake and processing.
The part of the circulatory system that is composed of the central pumping organ, the heart, and arteries which emanate from it and open out into the hemolymph lacunar system.
The open part of the circulatory system, which irrigates the tissues.
The unpaired vessel that emanates from the anterior end of the heart.
The unpaired vessel that emanates from the posterior end of the heart.
A paired vessel that emanates from the heart.
The organ system used for gas exchange, lined by cuticle, composed by booklungs and tubular tracheae.
Anatomical system that consists of neurons and its supporting tissues.
The nerves connecting the sensory and motor structures with the central nervous system.
A brain is a cluster of neurons. It is part of a nervous system. It is the most prominent anterior condensation of neurons and may also include further types of cells, including glial cells and pigment cells.
An unpaired neuropil in the rear part of the brain.
A paired neuropil in the brain, mushroom-shaped.
The central body is an unpaired midline neuropil. It is a part of the central complex. It is composed of tangential and columnar neurons. These neurons form horizontal layers and provide a connection to the lateral accessory lobes and the protocerebral bridge. Subpopulations of the columnar neurons cross the midline of the syncerebrum within the central body or before entering the central body.
Epithelial tube with excretory and osmoregulatory roles connected, to at the junction of the midgut and hindgut.
The median portion of the digestive tube, of mesodermal origin, not lined with cuticle, between the stomach and the stercoral pocket.
A narrow channel in the foregut, between the pharynx and the sucking stomach.
The most posterior part of the foregut, the main pump for food intake.
A gland of the spinning aparatus, that produces silk.
The organ system responsible for the removal of waste and excess material from the organism.
Organ system which is responsible for silk production and formation.
The 3rd segment of the palp, between trochanter and patella.
A large silk gland with elongate lumen and long duct, discharging in a spigot on a anterior lateral spinneret.
A small silk gland with globular lumen and short duct, discharging in a spigot on an anterior lateral spinneret.
A small silk gland with globular lumen and short duct, discharging in a spigot on a posterior median or lateral spinneret.
A large silk gland with tubular elongate lumen, discharging in a spigot on a posterior median or posterior lateral spinneret of an adult female.
A large silk gland with complex lumen and long duct, discharging in a spigot on a posterior lateral spinneret.
Flagelliform glands are defined for ecribellate spiders only, and are probably homologous to the pseudoflagelliform glands of cribellate spiders.
A large silk gland with complex ramidied lumen, discharging in a spigot on a posterior lateral spinneret.
A short seta with raised base on the prolateral basal surface of the palpal femur, most often used for stridulation against opposing ridges on the chelicerae.
The 4th segment of the palp, between femur and tibia.
The 6th segment of the palp, between tibia and pretarsus.
The 5th segment of the palp, between patella and tarsus.
The 2nd segment of the palp, between coxa and femur.
The tube of the digestive system from the pharynx to the anus.
The most anterior part of the foregut, arising between the labium and labrum and leading into the esophagus.
A specialized seta at the tip of the tarsus, below the claws, with a ventral serrate side. They occur in araneoids, austrochilids, and other araneomorphs, and interact with the inferior claw to grasp a silk thread.
A sensory organ is a cluster of cells. It is part of a nervous system and consists of receptor cells, which form a multicellular unit that may include accessory cells, which serve as supportive structures, stimulus guiding structures or protective structures.
An outgrow of the body with articles and muscles.
A hook-like extension of the superior claws, grasping the folded base of a claw tuft seta. The clasper may be in one piece or composed by several claw teeth appressed together.
The folded base of a claw tuft seta, where the claw tuft clasper locks.
A mechanism made of a claw tuft clasper in the superior claws and locking on the folded base of a claw tuft seta (the claw tuft seta clasping fold).
A comb of setae at the ventral tip of metatarsus III and IV.
A cusple on the ventral surface of a leg.
Each spherical or oval sclerotized sac connected by a thin duct to the bursa. The sacs occur in groups, sometimes in definite patches, on the bursa of palpimanoids. Each sac have several gland ducts discharging on them.
The tarsal organ of the female palpal tarsus.
A comb made of small tooth aligned, on the calamistrun seta. The comb may have one to several lines of teeth.
The part of the integument that is raised or projected and not articulated or delimited by conjunctiva.
The area of the integument that is weakly sclerotized, with thin exocuticle.
The area of the integument that is strongly sclerotised, with thick exocuticle and is surrounded by conjunctivae.
An area of the integument that is indented.
A mature individual, with fully developed sexual organs.
Anatomical system that consists of muscles, tendons and apodemes.
The portion of tissue that is composed of contractile fibers.
A thin extension of cuticular tubes lined with epithelium, where a muscle inserts.
A section of an appendage, delimited from another article, or from its insertion on the body, by joints.
The anatomical cluster that makes a flexible articulation between articles of appendages, or their insertion on the body.
The joint that is operated by muscles that insert on the rim of the distal article. Eudesmatic joints delimit podomeres.
The joint that is operated by muscles that do not insert on the rim of the distal article. Adesmatic joints delimit pseudopodomeres.
The anatomical cluster that is composed of the chelicerae, labrum, labium, palpal coxae, and conjunctivae connecting them.
Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue.
Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another.
Anatomical group that has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity.
The anatomical cluster that is composed of epithelial cell(s) that secrete or excrete materials not related to their ordinary metabolic needs.
A gland that discharges its secretion into the spermophor.
A gland on the copulatory bulb, not connected to the spermophor, that may be involved in the production of the mating plug.
Found in Micaria sociabilis (Sentenska et al., in press) and Amaurobius (Suhm et al. 1996).
A more or less globular enlargement of the spermophor in the radix.
According to Hormiga (1994) there is no evidence about the glandular nature of this structure.
The area of the integument that forms the opening of a book lung or trachea on the surface of the body.
A cuticular structure made of a file and a plectrum, that produce acoustic or seismic vibrations.
The part of the stridulatory organ that scrapes on the file to produce sound or vibrations.
The part of the stridulatory organ where the plectrum scrapes, to produce sound or vibrations.
One of the repeated divisions of the whole organism along the antero-posterior axis. The anatomical cluster that is connected to other segments via conjunctivae and muscles and is delimited by its sclerites.
Anatomical structure which is a primary subdivision of whole organism. The mereological sum of these is the whole organism.
Anatomical structure, that consists of similar cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships.
Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures.
A wide space between chelicerae and endites.
A partial or complete subdivision of the tarsus by conjunctiva.
A conical, sclerotized process on the promargin or retromargin of the chelicerae, sometimes also on the cheliceral furrow, as denticles.
A process on the mesal surface of the paturon, often keel shaped, extending distally, often meeting the fang tip to form a chela.
A cluster of thick macrosetae, sometimes located on a process, placed anteriorly near the base of the fang.
The muscle that originates on the dorsal part of the palpal tarsus and attaches through a tendon on the basal part of the copulatory bulb.
The muscle that originates in the palpal tibia and attaches through a tendon winding on the basal part of the copulatory bulb, or enters the bulb and attaches to the spermophore (in some Synspermiata).
A hollow cuticular structure in the female genitalia, partly or completely surrounded by glandular tissue, that is used for sperm storage. It is connected to the uterus externus or bursa by the fertilization duct.
The duct connecting the sperm storage site in the female genitalia with the uterus externus or posterior diverticulum.
A duct in the female genitalia connecting the copulatory opening to the sperm storage site.
A large, elaborate process on the retrolateral side of cymbium.
The procursus is a synapomorphy of Pholcidae (Huber 2000).
A part of the linyphiid tegulum that bears the column and through which the spermophor passes.
A process on the distal end of the distal sclerotized tube or radix.
A sclerite connecting the embolus with the radix, and containing the spermophor.
The stipes can be simply either a subdivision of the radix or the enlarged base of the embolus (Coddington 1990).
A loose membranous flap on the concave side of the embolus.
A sclerite of the copulatory bulb arising from the tegulum, in addition to the median apophysis.
A transversal suture near the base of the male tibia.
A depression often associated with glands, near the ocular area.
A large silk gland with elongate lumen and long duct, discharging in a spigot on a posterior median spinneret.
A small silk gland with globular lumen and short duct, discharging in a spigot on a posterior median spinneret, rarely on a posterior lateral spinneret.
A very small silk gland with globular lumen and short duct, discharging in a spigot on the cribellum.
Pseudoflagelliform glands are defined for cribellate spiders only, and are probably homologous to the flagelliform glands of ecribellate spiders.
A silk gland serving a pumpkiniform gland spigot.
The anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types.
The portion of tissue consisting of sperm cells and secretion that is produced by the somatic cells of the male gonad and spermophor gland.
The anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane.
The anatomical structure that is a direct part of the cell.
A mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid.
A male germ cell that develops from the haploid secondary spermatocytes. Without further division, spermatids undergo structural changes and give rise to spermatozoa.
A male germ cell that develops from spermatogonia. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to spermatids.
An euploid male germ cell of an early stage of spermatogenesis.
A cell of an organism that does not pass on its genetic material to the organism's offspring (i.e. a non-germ line cell).
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane.
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.
A vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell.
All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules.
A structure in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases, and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization. It lies just beneath the plasma membrane and is derived from the lysosome.
Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane or protein.
The anatomical space containing the acrosomal filament and is formed by posterior invagination of the acrosomal vacuole.
A cellular complex consisting of acrosomal vacuole, acrosomal filament and subacrosomal space.
A germ cell is any biological cell that differentiates into the gametes of an organism that reproduces sexually.
A filamentous structure consisting of actin fibrils, originating in the subacrosomal space and extending into the nuclear canal.
Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
Any constituent part of the cytoskeleton, a cellular scaffolding or skeleton that maintains cell shape, enables some cell motion (using structures such as flagella and cilia), and plays important roles in both intra-cellular transport (e.g. the movement of vesicles and organelles) and cellular division. Includes constituent parts of intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, and the microtrabecular lattice.
Cell that develops into or is itself a spermatozoon.
Cell that develops into or is itself an egg.
A mature germ cell containing a single set of chromosomes.
A mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns.
Blood cell of the circulating hemolymph that is involved in the cellular immune response.
A multi-nucleate cell having no internal boundaries between nuclei.
The bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.
A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells.
A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
An elongation of the nucleus posterior to the base of the axoneme, i.e. the centrioles.
postcentriolar elongation of the nucleus
The part of the sperm nucleus anterior to the base of the axoneme, i.e. the centrioles.
The widen anatomical space at the anterior pole of the nucleus close to the acrosomal vacuole.
anterior indentation of the sperm nucleus
A cellular organelle, found close to the nucleus in many eukaryotic cells, consisting of a small cylinder with microtubular walls, 300-500 nm long and 150-250 nm in diameter. It contains nine short, parallel, peripheral microtubular fibrils, each fibril consisting of one complete microtubule fused to two incomplete microtubules. Cells usually have two centrioles, lying at right angles to each other. At division, each pair of centrioles generates another pair and the twin pairs form the pole of the mitotic spindle.
An array of microtubules that completely covers the nucleus of a spermatid.
An array of mitochondria surrounding the most anterior part of the axoneme.
A narrow anatomical space of the nucleus that is invaginated from the anterior pole and usually located at the outer edge of nucleus extending until the end of the posterior elongation of the nucleus.
A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face).
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
A cluster of multiple sperm joined together for motility and transport through the female reproductive tract before dissociation prior to fertilization. The conjugates are usually surrounded by a common secretion sheath.
An often spherical cluster of two or more individual sperm.
An orderly stack of sperm of variable number formed after spermiogenesis, including individualization, is complete.
A conjugate derived from spermatogenic processes formed by the products of a single spermatogonium remaining grouped together following spermiogenesis.
A sperm conjugate arising through post-spermatogenic mechanisms such as biomechanical interactions, cell-surface interactions or membrane fusion.
Cluster of two or more fused or partly fused sperm cells originating from a single spermatogonium.
Enlarged proximal region of the ejaculatory duct.
Very evident in many theridiids (Michalik and Ramirez, 2014).
Any products (droplets and matrix) produced by the somatic cells of the male gonad and transferred into the female genitalia.
The state in which spider sperm cells are transferred into the female genitalia.
Individual sperm cell surrounded by a secretion sheath.
A female germ cell that has entered meiosis.
An undifferentiated germ cell that proliferates rapidly and gives rise to oocytes.
The tube that connects the ovary with the uterus internus.
The stalk connecting the bulge containing the oocyte in the ovarian epithelium with the lumen of the ovary.
The posterior part of the digestive system derived from the ectoderm connecting the stercoral pocket with the anus.
Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina.
Any tube, opening or passage that connects two distinct anatomical spaces.
Any hollow cylindrical anatomical structure containing a lumen through which substances are transported.
Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues.
The epidermis is the entire outer epithelial layer representing a single layer of epithelial cells that produces the cuticle.
A tube formed by the integument, transporting gases, liquids and cells from one site to another.
The sum of all posterior midgut diverticles.
A branch of the posterior midgut consisting of digestive and secretory cells.
A cell found in the embryo before the formation of all the gem layers is complete.
Diploid cell produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and egg.
Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems.
A generic term for stages from hatching to penultimate.
A generic term for the life stage before maturity.
The posterior indentation of the sperm nucleus.
A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
Any constituent part of a chromosome, a structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome.
Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle.
Any constituent part of the cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
Cytoplasmic bead-like structures of animal cells, visible by electron microscope. Each granule is a functional unit with the biosynthesis and catabolism of glycogen being catalyzed by enzymes bound to the granule surface.
A cell that is part of the nervous system.
The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system.
A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery.
A neuron which sends impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells.
Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses.
An efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes or inhibits movement.
Most generally any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions.
A cell specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system.
A cell specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system.
A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances.
A cell of an exocrine gland; i.e. a gland that discharges its secretion via a duct.
A cell involved in the elimination of metabolic and foreign toxins, and in maintaining the ionic, acid-base and water balance of biological fluids.
The first, paired dorso-ventral abdominal muscle.
The second, paired dorso-ventral abdominal muscle.
The third, paired dorso-ventral abdominal muscle.
The fourth, paired dorso-ventral abdominal muscle.
The muscle in the leg that produces a levation of the pretarsus. It originates at the proximal, dorsal surface of the metatarsus, and its tendon extends through the metatarsus-tarsus joint and is continuous with the tarsus-pretarsus membrane on its insertion on the dorsal rim of the pretarsus.
The muscle in the leg that produces a depression of the pretarsus. It originates at the distal, dorsal surface of the tibia (in Mesothelae there is a section inserted on the patella as well), and its tendon extends through the tibia-metatarsus joint where it enters into the leg artery, and inserts on the ventral surface of the pretarsus.
The tendon connecting the pretarsal depressor muscle and inserting venrally on the pretarsus.
The tendon connecting the pretarsal levator muscle and inserting dorsally on the pretarsus.
The distal part of the spider leg, near the claws, which interacts more closely with the substrate and silk cables. The foot is a tight morphological and functional unit, and includes the distal end of the tarsus and its specialized setae, plus the pretarsus and its claws.
The conjunctiva that is located between two articulating sclerites.
The articular surface that is convex and is inserted into the fossa of an adjacent sclerite.
The articular surface that is concave and accommodates the condyle of another sclerite.
The area of the sclerite that makes movable direct contact with another sclerite.
The article that is delimited by eudesmatic joints.
The article that is delimited by at least one adesmatic joint.
A cuticular septum dividing vertically the ring formed by the pretarsus.
A portion of cuticle making a definite structure.
A cuticular structure projecting dorsally from the pretarsus. It projects distally forming a dorsal pulley-like grooved surface, which guides and upholds the levator tendon.
A cuticular structure in the podotarsite that guides the levator tendon in some spiders such as some palpimanids.
A cuticular structure arising ventrally from the cuticle of the foot of many spiders, usually from the internal wall of the condyles, may be produced into a pair of thick, parallel ridges that provide a canal for the depressor tendon. The guide extends from the tip of the pretarsus to the foot slits or may continue further into the tarsus. The guide is usually open dorsally, but in some spiders with flexible feet, it is closed making a tube.
A cuticular structure projecting ventrally from the pretarsus. It projects distally forming a ventral pulley-like grooved surface, which guides and upholds the deressor tendon.
A cuticular structure in the form of a funnel-like sheath that covers the insertion of the levator tendon on the pretarsus.
A cuticular structure in the form of a funnel-like sheath that covers the insertion of the depressor tendon on the pretarsus.