An ontology for the annotation of the adverse event domain.
ODNAE is an extension of OAE with a focus on drug-associated neuropathy adverse events.
ODNAE: Ontology of Drug Neuropathy Adverse Events
Vision Release; 1.0.13
OWL-DL
Product version
Rebecca Racz
Yongqun "Oliver" He (YH)
BFO OWL specification label
Really of interest to developers only
Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification.
BFO CLIF specification label
Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2
editor preferred label
editor preferred term
PERSON:Daniel Schober
The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English)
example of usage
A phrase describing how a class name should be used. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding of a class semantics, such as widely known prototypical subclasses or instances of the class. Although essential for high level terms, examples for low level terms (e.g., Affymetrix HU133 array) are not
example
has curation status
PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON:Bill Bug
PERSON:Melanie Courtot
definition
The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
editor note
An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology.
definition editor
term editor
20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See http://code.google.com/p/information-artifact-ontology/issues/detail?id=115.
Name of editor entering the definition in the file. The definition editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The definition editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people
Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people
alternative term
An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent)
definition source
Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
curator note
An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user
imported from
For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported
elucidation
has associated axiom(nl)
has associated axiom(fol)
Chinese translation
a chinese translation represents a chinese translation of the existing term.
temporal interpretation
An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context.
logical macro assertion on an object property
An alternate textual definition for a class taken unmodified from an external source. This definition may have been used to derive a generalized definition for the new class.
This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO
A textual description of an axiom loss in this ontology compared to an external ontology.
Notes on the homology status of this class.
Used to connect a class to an adjectival form of its label. For example, a class with label 'intestine' may have a relational adjective 'intestinal'.
Notes on the how instances of this class vary across species.
Notes on the structure, composition or histology of instances of this class.
Notes on how similar or equivalent classes are represented in other ontologies.
A class which has a weakened disjointness axiom, to avoid inconsistency. These are kept separately in the uberon_disjoint_from_strict ontology.
A class that represents an early developmental structure, like a blastocyst. This part of the ontology is undergoing review to remove inappropriate grouping classes.
Subset consisting of classes creating for grouping purposes
classes that have some inconsistency with FMA
somewhat fuzzy grouping for analysis purposes, currently composed of something like: liver, heart, skeletal, kidney, bladder, brain, skin, mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestines, trachea nose, lungs, brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, gonads
organs, excluding individual muscles and skeletal elements
Uberon slim - somewhat arbitrary subset that excludes obscure terms and deep compositional terms
abstract upper-level terms not directly useful for analysis
core classes typically found across vertebrates. one purpose is to create a rough set of terms that could be used to start a new vertebrate AO
part of
has part
realized in
[copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
(forall (x y z t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (Process y) (realizesAt y x t) (bearerOfAt z x t)) (hasParticipantAt y z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [106-002]
if a realizable entity b is realized in a process p, then p stands in the has_participant relation to the bearer of b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [106-002])
has participant
has_participant
is preceded by
preceded by
X preceded_by Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)
preceded_by
proceeds
starts_after
precedes
occurs in
b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t [XXX-001
contains process
has quality at some time
has specific dependent at some time
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] a shape s-depends_on the shaped object
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] To say that b s-depends_on a at t is to say that b and c do not share common parts & b is of its nature such that it cannot exist unless c exists & b is not a boundary of c and b is not a site of which c is the host [64
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of a process on something: an instance of seeing (a relational process) s-depends_on some organism and on some seen entity, which may be an occurrent or a continuant
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] the one-sided dependence of an occurrent on an independent continuant: football match on the players, the ground, the ball
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] a gait s-depends_on the walking object. (All at some specific time.)
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] A pain s-depends_on the organism that is experiencing the pain
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] BFO 2 Reference: the relation of s-depends_on does not in every case require simultaneous existence of its relata. Note the difference between such cases and the cases of continuant universals defined historically: the act of answering depends existentially on the prior act of questioning; the human being who was baptized or who answered a question does not himself depend existentially on the prior act of baptism or answering. He would still exist even if these acts had never taken place.
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on multiple independent continuants: a relational process of paying cash to a merchant in exchange for a bag of figs
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'specifically depends on at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'specifically depends on@en'(x,y,t)
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on multiple independent continuants: a relational process of hitting a ball with a cricket bat
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] the one-sided dependence of an occurrent on an independent continuant: handwave on a hand
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: in a game of chess the process of playing with the white pieces is mutually dependent on the process of playing with the black pieces
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] the two-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the roles of husband and wife [20
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] BFO2 Reference: specifically dependent continuant\; process; process boundary
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] the three-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the hue, saturation and brightness of a color [45
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: a process of buying and the associated process of selling
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] the three-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the pitch, timbre and volume of a tone [45
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: a process of increasing the volume of a portion of gas while temperature remains constant and the associated process of decreasing the pressure exerted by the gas
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of a dependent continuant on an independent continuant: an instance of temperature s-depends_on some organism
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on another: a process of obeying a command is dependent on a prior process of issuing a command
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of a process on something: a process of cell death s-depends_on a cell
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] BFO 2 Reference: S-dependence is just one type of dependence among many; it is what, in the literature, is referred to as ‘existential dependence’ [87, 46, 65, 20
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] BFO 2 Reference: An entity – for example an act of communication or a game of football – can s-depends_on more than one entity. Complex phenomena for example in the psychological and social realms (such as inferring, commanding and requesting) or in the realm of multi-organismal biological processes (such as infection and resistance), will involve multiple families of dependence relations, involving both continuants and occurrents [1, 4, 28
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of a dependent continuant on an independent continuant: an instance of headache s-depends_on some head
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on another: a process of answering a question is dependent on a prior process of asking a question
adverse event occurs in
a 'occurs in' relation that is applied at the adverse event setting and indicates where an adverse event occurs in.
has_specified_input
8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works.
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
see is_input_of example_of_usage
has_specified_output
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
inheres in
bearer of
A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
bearer_of
is bearer of
this apple is bearer of this red color
this vase is bearer of this fragility
role of
has quality
has role
A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
has_role
this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
location of
located in
boundary of
The relationships between a boundary (a 2D immaterial entity) and the material entity that it delimits.
has boundary
The relationship between a material entity and the boundary (2D immaterial entity) that delimits it.
innervated_by
before_or_simultaneous_with
simultaneous_with
Relation between occurrents, shares start and end boundaries.
ends_after
immediately_preceded_by
A non-transitive temporal relation in which one process immediately precedes another process, such that there is no interval of time between the two processes[SIO:000251].
X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)
immediately_precedes
starts_during
happens_during
overlaps
A overlaps B if they share some part in common.
x overlaps y iff they have some part in common.
x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y
innervates
continuous with
X continuous_with Y if and only if X and Y share a fiat boundary.
S only_in_taxon T iff: S SubClassOf in_taxon only T
x only in taxon y if and only if x is in taxon y, and there is no other organism z such that y!=z a and x is in taxon z.
x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed.
connected to
Binary relationship: x connected_to y if and only if there exists some z such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship.
connects
Binary relationship: z connects x if and only if there exists some y such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship.
this is currently used for both structural relationships (such as between a valve and the chamber it connects) and abstract relationships (anatomical lines and the entities they connect)
attached to part of
a is attached to part of b if a is attached to b, or a is attached to some p, where p is part of b.
supplies
relation between an artery and the structure is supplies with blood.
Relation between an arterial structure and another structure, where the arterial structure acts as a conduit channeling fluid, substance or energy.
develops from
x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y
directly develops from
Candidate definition: x directly_develops from y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p, and a substantial portion of the matter of y comes from x, and the start of x is coincident with or after the end of y
capable of
A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process.
capable of part of
c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p.
temporally related to
starts
Relation between occurrents, shares a start boundary with.
ends
Relation between occurrents, shares an end boundary with.
ends with
x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
has developmental contribution from
x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y
developmentally induced by
sources for developmentally_induced_by relationships in Uberon: Developmental Biology, Gilbert, 8th edition, figure 6.5(F)
t1 developmentally_induced_by t2 if there is a process of organ induction (GO:0001759) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor tissue type T to T', where T' develops_from T.
t1 induced_by t2 if there is a process of developmental induction (GO:0031128) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor anatomical structure type T to T', where T' develops_from T
developmentally preceded by
Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p
inheres in part of
q inheres in part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w.
evolutionarily related to
A relationship that holds via some environmental process
mereotopologically related to
A mereological relationship or a topological relationship
developmentally related to
A relationship that holds via some developmental process (GO:0032502)
functionally related to
attached to
in branching relationship with
branching part of
we need to check if FMA branch_of implies part_of. the relation we intend to use here should - for example, see vestibulocochlear nerve
x is a branching part of y if and only if x is part of y and x is a branch_of the main stem of y
has developmental potential involving
x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction).
has potential to develop into
x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y
x composed_primarily_of y iff: more than half of the mass of x is made from parts of y
x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y.
Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c comes into existing during some s.
c existence starts during s iff start_of(c) part_of s
Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c comes into existence at the start of p.
c existence starts during s iff start_of(c) = start_of(s)
Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c ceases to exist during some s, if it does not die prematurely.
Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c ceases to exist at the end of p.
x transformation of y if x is the immediate transformation of y, or is linked to y through a chain of transformation relationships
x immediate transformation of y iff x immediately succeeds y temporally at a time boundary t, and all of the matter present in x at t is present in y at t, and all the matter in y at t is present in x at t
produces
a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix.
produced by
has_proper_part
Small Ion Transport Pump Interactions [MoA]
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family Interactions
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family Interactions
Angiotensin 2 Receptor Antagonists [MoA]
Cholinergic Muscarinic Receptor Interactions [MoA]
Cholinergic Muscarinic Receptor Interactions
Neurotransmitter Transporter Interactions [MoA]
Neurotransmitter Transporter Interactions
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors [MoA]
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Organic Anion Transporter Interactions [MoA]
G-Protein-linked Receptor Interactions [MoA]
G-Protein-linked Receptor-Effector Interactions
Serotonin Transporter Interactions [MoA]
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators [MoA]
Cytokine Receptor Superfamily Interactions [MoA]
Cytokine Receptor Superfamily Interactions
Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors [MoA]
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Acetyl Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitors [MoA]
Acetyl Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitors
Progestational Hormone Receptor Agonists [MoA]
Progestational Hormone Receptor Agonists
Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors [MoA]
Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitors [MoA]
Receptor Protein Kinase Interactions [MoA]
Norepinephrine Transporter Interactions [MoA]
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitors
Immunologic and Biological Factors [MoA]
Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors [MoA]
Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Interactions [MoA]
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Interactions
Cellular Structure Molecule Interactions [MoA]
Cellular Structure Molecule Interactions
Neurokinin 1 Receptor Interactions [MoA]
Interleukin 2 Receptor Interactions [MoA]
Interleukin 2 Receptor Antagonists [MoA]
Hypothalamic Hormone Receptor Agonists [MoA]
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors [MoA]
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family Antagonists
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family Inhibitors
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family Inhibitors
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family Antagonists
Bcr-Abl Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors [MoA]
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antagonists
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors
Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitors [MoA]
L-Calcium Channel Receptor Antagonists [MoA]
Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha Receptor Blocking Activity [MoA]
Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha Receptor Blocking Activity
Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonists [MoA]
Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonists
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Blocking Activity [MoA]
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Blocking Activity
entity
BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81
An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])
Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
Julius Caesar
Verdi’s Requiem
the Second World War
your body mass index
continuant
(forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002]
(forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001]
A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240
Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])
if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])
occurrent
(forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001]
Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame.
(forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001]
An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002])
BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region
BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players.
Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process.
b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001])
Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001])
independent continuant
(forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
(iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]
(forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
a heart
a molecule
a chair
a leg
a spatial region
an atom
an orchestra.
an organism
b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
the bottom right portion of a human torso
the interior of your mouth
process
(iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003]
BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war)
a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart
a process of meiosis
a process of sleeping
p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
the course of a disease
the flight of a bird
the life of an organism
your process of aging.
disposition
(forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002]
BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type.
(forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002]
If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])
an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y
b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])
certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer
children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways.
the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis
realizable entity
(forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002]
(forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002]
All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002])
To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity.
the disposition of your blood to coagulate
the function of your reproductive organs
the role of being a doctor
the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet
quality
(forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001]
(forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001]
If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001])
a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001])
the ambient temperature of this portion of air
the color of a tomato
the length of the circumference of your waist
the mass of this piece of gold.
the shape of your nose
the shape of your nostril
specifically dependent continuant
(iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003]
(iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004]
Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key
Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc.
b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])
b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato
of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates.
the disposition of this fish to decay
the function of this heart: to pump blood
the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79
the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction
the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center
the shape of this hole.
the smell of this portion of mozzarella
role
(forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001]
BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives.
John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married.
b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])
the priest role
the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories
the role of a building in serving as a military target
the role of a stone in marking a property boundary
the role of subject in a clinical trial
the student role
object
BFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting.
BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below).
BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47
BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entity
BFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74
atom
b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001])
cell
cells and organisms
engineered artifacts
grain of sand
molecule
organelle
organism
planet
solid portions of matter
star
generically dependent continuant
(iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001]
The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity.
b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop
the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule.
material entity
(forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002]
A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])
BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60
BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity.
BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here.
Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])
a flame
a forest fire
a human being
a hurricane
a photon
a puff of smoke
a sea wave
a tornado
an aggregate of human beings.
an energy wave
an epidemic
every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002])
the undetached arm of a human being
A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp.
1-CYCLOPROPYL-6-FLUORO-4-OXO-7-PIPERAZIN-1-YL-1,4-DIHYDROQUINOLINE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID
1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-piperazin-1-yl-1,4-dihydro-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid
1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-7-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid
1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-piperazin-1-ylquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-7-hexahydro-1-pyrazinyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
Quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.
1,4-Dihydro-1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
1-Ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
A synthetic fluoroquinolone with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.
cyclopentyl 3-(2-methoxy-4-((o-tolylsulfonyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)-1-methylindole-5-carbamate
cyclopentyl 3-[2-methoxy-4-(2-methylphenylsulfonylcarbamoyl)benzyl]-1-methyl-1H-indol-5-ylcarbamate
A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position.
A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.
A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.
An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.
A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.
(+)-cis-5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one acetate ester
(2S,3S)-5-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b][1,4]thiazepin-3-yl acetate
(2S,3S)-5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate
Acetic acid (2S,3S)-5-(2-dimethylamino-ethyl)-2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[b][1,4]thiazepin-3-yl ester
The (S,S)-diastereoisomer of 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one in which positions 2 and 3 are substituted by 4-methoxyphenyl and acetoxy, respectively, while the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.
5-allyl-5-(2'-methyl-n-propyl) barbituric acid
5-allyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)barbituric acid
Barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. Frequently combined with other medicines, such as aspirin, paracetamol and codeine, it is used for treatment of pain and headache.
A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family).
The carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.
Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.
Benzoic acid carrying an acetoxy group at the 2-position.
(2S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration.
Compounds having the structure RSR (R =/= H). Such compounds were once called thioethers.
Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid.
Codeine is an alkaloid found in the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum var. album; has analgesic, anti-tussive and anti-diarrhoeal properties.
2,4-Diguanidino-3,5,6-trihydroxycyclohexyl 5-deoxy-2-O-(2-deoxy-2-methylamino-alpha-L-glucopyranosyl)-3-C-formyl-beta-L-lyxopentanofuranoside
A amino cyclitol glycoside that consists of streptidine having a disaccharyl moiety attached at the 4-position. The parent of the streptomycin class
A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H).
Any member of the group of substituted penams containing two methyl substituents at position 2, a carboxylate substituent at position 3 and a carboxamido group at position 6.
A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. Gemcitabine is used in various carcinomas: non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.
Cortisol is a corticosteroid hormone or glucocorticoid produced by zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex, which is a part of the adrenal gland. It is usually referred to as the "stress hormone" as it is involved in response to stress and anxiety, controlled by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). It increases blood pressure and blood sugar, and reduces immune responses
4,6-diamino-3-[3-deoxy-4-C-methyl-3-(methylamino)pentopyranosyloxy]-2-hydroxycyclohexyl 2-amino-2,3,4,6,7-pentadeoxy-6-(methylamino)heptopyranoside
Any of a group of aminoglycoside antibiotics produced by fermentation of some Micromonospora spp.
'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids.
(2S,5R,6R)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-(phenylacetamido)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
2,2-dimethyl-6beta-(phenylacetamido)penam-3alpha-carboxylic acid
A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.
A compound having the structure RC#N; thus a C-substituted derivative of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N. In systematic nomenclature, the suffix nitrile denotes the triply bound #N atom, not the carbon atom attached to it.
Any aminopurine having the amino substituent at the 2-position.
A glycosyl compound arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to a nitrogen atom, thus creating a C-N bond.
Any of basic nitrogen compounds (mostly heterocyclic) occurring mostly in the plant kingdom (but not excluding those of animal origin). Amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, amino sugars and antibiotics are not normally regarded as alkaloids. By extension, certain neutral compounds biogenetically related to basic alkaloids are included.
An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.
Any purine having at least one amino substituent.
Compounds containing the group -N3, and salts of hydrazoic acid, HN3.
Any member of the wide class of molecules that share the core azobenzene structure, comprising two phenyl rings linked by a N=N double bond, which may have different functional groups extending from the rings.
Pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (barbituric acid) and derivatives. Largest group of the synthetic sedative/hypnotics, sharing a characteristic six-membered ring structure.
An organic heterocyclic compound containing a benzene ring fused to an imidazole ring.
Benzenoid aromatic compounds containing two phenyl or substituted-phenyl groups which are joined together by a single bond.
A class of beta-lactam antibiotics differing from the penicillins in having a 6-membered, rather than a 5-membered, side ring.
A carbotricyclic compound comprising 5,6,7,9-tetrahydrobenzo[a]heptalene having four methoxy substituents at the 1-, 2-, 3- and 10-positions as well as an oxo group at the 9-position and an acetamido group at the 7-position.
Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.
Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.
A polyol consisting of a cycloalkane containing at least three hydroxy groups, each attached to a different ring carbon atom.
Either one of a pair of heterocyclic organic compounds comprising three carbon atoms and two nitrogen atoms arranged in a ring.
Any terpenoid having a C20 skeleton, derived from geranylgeranyl phosphate.
Compounds containing at least one furan ring.
Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate a variety of physiological processes, in particular control of the concentration of glucose in blood.
A glycosyl compound resulting from the attachment of a glycosyl group to a non-acyl group RO-, which itself may be derived from a saccharide and chalcogen replacements thereof (RS-, RSe-). The bond between the glycosyl group and the OR group is called a glycosidic bond. By extension, the terms N-glycosides and C-glycosides are used as class names for glycosylamines and for compounds having a glycosyl group attached to a hydrocarbyl group respectively. These terms are misnomers and should not be used. The preferred terms are glycosylamines and C-glycosyl compounds, respectively.
A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.
A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element.
A homodetic cyclic peptide is a cyclic peptide in which the ring consists solely of amino-acid residues in peptide linkages.
Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)).
A five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton.
Any compound containing an indole skeleton.
A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).
Any lipid formally derived from isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene), the skeleton of which can generally be discerned in repeated occurrence in the molecule. The skeleton of isoprenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by loss or shift of a fragment, commonly a methyl group. The class includes both hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives.
A benzopyridine with the nitrogen of the pyridine moiety in position 2.
Cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group.
Any molecule that contains a small number (usually 2 to 10) amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.
Any compound that has an aldehydic or ketonic group as well as a carboxylic acid group in the same molecule.
HP(=O)(OH)2 (phosphonic acid) and its P-substituted derivatives.
A compound that contains three or more hydroxyl groups.
Derivatives of oxoacids RnE(=O)OH in which the hydroxy group is replaced by an amino group and the oxo group is replaced by =NR. In organic chemistry an unspecified amidine is commonly a carboxamidine.
Any compound containing purine as part of its structure.
A class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds each of which contains a benzene ring ortho fused to carbons 2 and 3 of a pyridine ring.
2-Butyl-3-benzofuranyl 4-(2-(diethylamino)ethoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl ketone
A 1-benzofuran that has formula C25H29I2NO3.
A tricyclic antidepressant that has formula C20H23N.
3-Ethyl-5-methyl (+-)-2-(2-aminoethoxymethyl)-4-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate
3-ethyl 5-methyl 2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate
A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.
Any natural product or related compound formally derived from isoprene units. Terpenoids may contain oxygen in various functional groups. This class is subdivided according to the number of carbon atoms in the same manner as are terpenes. The skeleton of terpenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by the loss or shift of a fragment, generally a methyl group.
A tertiary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has three other carbon atoms attached to it.
Any oxacycle having an oxolane (tetrahydrofuran) skeleton.
A 1,2,4-triazole compound having a 3,5-bis(2-cyano-2-propyl)benzyl group at the 1-position.
Tryptamine and its substitution derivatives.
A group of indole-indoline dimers which are alkaloids obtained from the Vinca genus of plants.
(2S,5R,6R)-3,3-DIMETHYL-7-OXO-6-(2-PHENOXYACETAMIDO)-4-THIA-1- AZABICYCLO(3.2.0)HEPTANE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID
(2S,5R,6R)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(phenoxyacetyl)amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
2,2-dimethyl-6beta-[(phenoxyacetyl)amino]penam-3alpha-carboxylic acid
3,3-dimethyl-6beta-[(phenoxyacetyl)amino]penam-2alpha-carboxylic acid (PIN)
A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side chain.
A trimethylxanthine that has formula C8H10N4O2.
A platinum-containing anticancer drug that interacts with, and forms cross-links between, DNA and proteins. It is used as a neoplasm inhibitor to treat solid tumours, primarily of the testis and ovary.
(1S,2S,3R,4S,6R)-4,6-diamino-3-(2,6-diamino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-ribo-hexopyranosyloxy)-2-hydroxycyclohexyl 3-amino-3-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside
A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.
A monocarboxylic acid amide derived from a fatty acid.
3-Aminopropane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydoxy is substituted by a 4-[2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl]phenyl group and one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group is substituted by isopropyl. It is a selective beta1-receptor blocker and is used in the treatment of glaucoma as well as hypertension, arrhythmias, and coronary heart disease. It is also used to reduce non-fatal cardiac events in patients with heart failure.
A compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom.
A carboxamide that has formula C18H14F4N2O4S.
A platinum coordination entity that has formula C6H12N2O4Pt.
An indole alkaloid that has formula C32H40BrN5O5.
A platinum coordination entity that has formula C6H14N2.C2O4.Pt.
A propanone that has formula C13H18ClNO.
An azaspiro compound that has formula C21H31N5O2.
A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups.
A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by a hydrocarbyl group.
A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups.
An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.
An assembly consisting of a central atom (usually metallic) to which is attached a surrounding array of other groups of atoms (ligands).
A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.
An organosulfur compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-sulfur bond.
A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms.
Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen.
A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a transition element.
An oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid.
A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table.
A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of the same element only.
A cyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms.
A compound having one atom as the only common member of two rings.
A molecule that features two fused rings.
Any acyclic or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated carbon compound, excluding aromatic compounds.
An aliphatic compound having a carbocyclic ring structure which may be saturated or unsaturated, but may not be a benzenoid or other aromatic system.
A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character.
A bicyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one skeletal heteroatom.
An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element.
A p-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a p-block element.
A d-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a d-block element.
A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups.
A capsaicinoid that has formula C18H27NO3.
An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom.
A heterocyclic compound formally derived from an arene by replacement of one or more methine (-C=) and/or vinylene (-CH=CH-) groups by trivalent or divalent heteroatoms, respectively, in such a way as to maintain the continuous pi-electron system characteristic of aromatic systems and a number of out-of-plane pi-electrons corresponding to the Hueckel rule (4n+2).
Nucleosides are ribosyl or deoxyribosyl derivatives of the pyrimidine or purine bases adenine, guanine, xanthine, thymine, cytosine, and uracil.
Compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring.
An amine in which the amino group is linked directly to an aromatic system.
transition element coordination entities
A polyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms.
Any of naturally occurring compounds and synthetic analogues, based on the cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene carbon skeleton, partially or completely hydrogenated; there are usually methyl groups at C-10 and C-13, and often an alkyl group at C-17. By extension, one or more bond scissions, ring expansions and/or ring contractions of the skeleton may have occurred. Natural steroids are derived biogenetically from triterpenoids.
Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.
An amide of a sulfonic acid RS(=O)2NR'2.
Compounds having the structure RC(=NR)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic nomenclature to denote the -C(=NH)NH2 group including its carbon atom.
Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).
A hydrazide consisting of hydrazine carrying one or more carboacyl groups.
Compounds of structure RSSR in which R and R' are organic groups.
An addition compound contains two or more simpler compounds that can be packed in a definite ratio into a crystal. The term covers donor-acceptor complexes (adducts) and a variety of lattice compounds.
An addition compound that contains water in weak chemical combination with another compound.
An azaspiro compound is a spiro compound in which at least one of the cyclic components is a nitrogen heterocyle.
A beta-lactam is a lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.
A secondary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has two other carbon atoms attached to it.
An oxoacid containing two carboxy groups.
A compound formally derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l > 0) and an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol by linking with formal loss of water from an acidic hydroxy group of the former and a hydroxy group of the latter.
A compound having the nitro group, -NO2 (free valence on nitrogen), which may be attached to carbon, nitrogen (as in nitramines), or oxygen (as in nitrates), among other elements (in the absence of specification, C-nitro compounds are usually implied).
A compound having the nitro group (-NO2) attached to carbon atom.
A compound based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.
Compounds having the structure R2S=O (R =/= H).
Compounds having the structure RS(=O)2R (R =/= H).
Any monocarboxylic acid having at least one additional oxo functional group.
Natural and synthetic antibiotics containing the 4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one structure, generally assumed to have the 5R configuration unless otherwise specified.
Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).
Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom.
Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives.
Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element.
A cyclic compound in which a carbonyl group in a ring is bonded to one or two skeletal heteroatoms.
Compounds in which an acyclic carbonyl group is bonded to one or two acyclic skeletal heteroatoms, except nitrogen, halogen, or halogenoid atoms, or to a heteroatom of a ring or ring system.
An organochlorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chlorine bond.
A compound containing at least one carbon-halogen bond.
Any of a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex.
A bicyclic compound in which all the ring atoms are carbon.
5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime
Two or more cyclic systems (single rings or fused systems) which are directly joined to each other by double or single bonds are named ring assemblies when the number of such direct ring junctions is one less than the number of cyclic systems involved.
An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond.
An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond.
An organoiodine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-iodine bond.
An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.
An anthraquinone substituted with one or more hydroxy groups.
Derivatives of diazene with the general structure R-N=N-R'.
A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements.
Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-C2H2-C2H2)2NR.
An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom.
A thienopyridine that has formula C16H16ClNO2S.
methyl (2S)-(2-chlorophenyl)(6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-5(4H)-yl)acetate
Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms.
Any organic heterocyclic compound containing at least one ring oxygen atom.
Any organic heterocyclic compound containing a benzene ring in which two of the C-H fragments have been replaced by isolobal nitrogens (the diazine parent structure).
A gold coordination entity that has formula C4H5AuO4S.
mercaptobutanedioic acid, monogold(1+) salt
An alkaloid containing an indole skeleton.
Any compound having a pyrimidine as part of its structure.
(3R,5R)-7-[3-(anilinocarbonyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-phenyl-2-(propan-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid
(R-(R*,R*))-2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-beta,delta-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid
7-[2-(4-FLUORO-PHENYL)-5-ISOPROPYL-3-PHENYL-4-PHENYLCARBAMOYL-PYRROL-1-YL]-3,5-DIHYDROXY-HEPTANOIC ACID
A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that has formula C33H35FN2O5.
5-Methylidene-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene in which one of the hydrogens of the methylidene group is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.
A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.
(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,7-dimethyl-8-(2-(2R,4R)-(tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl)-1-naphthalenyl (S)-2-methyl-butyrate
(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-{2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]ethyl}-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
2beta,6alpha-dimethyl-8alpha-(2-methyl-1-oxobutoxy)-mevinic acid lactone
A delta-lactone that has formula C24H36O5.
A cyclic nonribosomal peptide of eleven amino acids; an immunosuppressant drug widely used in post-allogeneic organ transplant to reduce the activity of the patient's immune system, and therefore the risk of organ rejection. Also causes reversible inhibition of immunocompetent lymphocytes in the G0- and G1-phase of the cell cycle.
A tertiary amino compound that has formula C26H29NO.
A fluorinated steroid that has formula C22H29FO5.
Diphenylsulfone in which the hydrogen atom at the 4 position of each of the phenyl groups is substituted by an amino group. It is active against a wide range of bacteria, but is mainly employed for its actions against Mycobacterium leprae, being used as part of multidrug regimens in the treatment of all forms of leprosy.
An acyclic desferrioxamine that has formula C25H48N6O8.
A dipeptide that has formula C21H31N3O5.
4-amino-N(10)-methylpteroylglutamic acid
A pteridine that has formula C20H22N8O5.
N-(4-{[(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}benzoyl)-L-glutamic acid
N-[(4-{[(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}phenyl)carbonyl]-L-glutamic acid
N-[4-[[(2,4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl]methylamino]benzoyl]-L-glutamic acid
A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.
A diether compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 4-amidinophenyl groups.
(2aR-(2aalpha,4beta,4abeta,6beta,9alpha(alpha R*,betaS*),11alpha,12alpha,12balpha))-beta-(Benzoylamino)-alpha-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid 6,12b-bis(acetyloxy)-12-(benzoyloxy)-2a,3,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11,12,12a,12b-dodecahydro-4,11-dihydroxy-4a,8,13,13-tetramethyl-5-oxo-7,11-methano-1H-cyclodeca(3,4)benz(1,2-b)oxet-9-yl ester
4alpha,10beta-bis(acetyloxy)-13alpha-[(2S,3S)-3-benzamido-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoyloxy]-1,7beta-dihydroxy-9-oxo-5beta,20-epoxytax-11-en-2alpha-yl benzoate
5beta,20-Epoxy-1,2-alpha,4,7beta,10beta,13alpha-hexahydroxytax-11-en-9-one 4,10-diacetate 2-benzoate 13-ester with (2R,3S)-N-benzoyl-3-phenylisoserine
A tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated originally from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia. It is a mitotic inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy. Note that the use of the former generic name 'taxol' is now limited, as Taxol is a registered trade mark.
2,4-difluoro-alpha,alpha-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)benzyl alcohol
A triazole that has formula C13H12F2N6O.
The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine.
An organofluorine compound that has formula C4H3FN2O2.
Ganciclovir is an antiviral drug used to treat or prevent AIDS-related cytomegalovirus infections.
An organic disulfide that has formula C10H20N2S4.
Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.
Compounds in which an acyclic carbonyl group is bonded to one or two nitrogen atoms of a ring or ring system.
Any molecule that contains two amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.
Organic compounds having two ether functional groups.
A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.
Compounds containing an anthracene skeleton.
A dibenzoazepine that has formula C19H24N2.
Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid.
A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.
A dibenzoazepine that has formula C18H22N2.
A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.
(S)-1-{(S)-2-[1-((S)-Ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenyl-propylamino]-propionyl}-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
1-(N-((S)-1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanyl)-L-proline 1'-ethyl ester
A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).
A vinca alkaloid with a norvinblastine skeleton.
methyl (2beta,3beta,4beta,5alpha,12beta,19alpha)-4-acetoxy-15-[(6R,8S)-4-ethyl-8-(methoxycarbonyl)-1,3,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-2,6-methanoazecino[4,3-b]indol-8-yl]-3-hydroxy-16-methoxy-1-methyl-6,7-didehydroaspidospermidine-3-carboxylate
Ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.
(1-Hydroxyethylidene)bis(phosphonic acid)
(1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid)
1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid
A phosphonic acid consisting of (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. Inhibits formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces
A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen.
(5S,5aR,8aR,9R)-9-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-8-oxo-5,5a,6,8,8a,9-hexahydrofuro[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl 4,6-O-[(1R)-ethylidene]-beta-D-glucopyranoside
4'-Demethylepipodophyllotoxin 9-(4,6-O-(R)-ethylidene-beta-D-glucopyranoside)
4-demethylepipodophyllotoxin beta-D-ethylideneglucoside
A beta-D-glucoside that has formula C29H32O13.
2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
A hydroxyphenylalanine that has formula C9H11NO4.
Androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione in which the hydrogens at position 6 are replaced by a double bond to a methylene group.a selective inhibitor of the aromatase (oestrogen synthase) system, it is used in the treatment of advanced breast cancer.
1-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole-3-acetic acid
An indole-3-acetic acid that has formula C19H16ClNO4.
[1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl]acetic acid
A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.
A phenethylamine alkaloid that has formula C13H17N.
A 3-oxo steroid that has formula C22H30O5.
Any compound containing the thiocarbonyl group, C=S.
A thiocarbonyl compound that has formula C4H6N2S.
A hydroxyanthraquinone that has formula C22H28N4O6.
(R-(E))-1-(((1-(3-(2-(7-Chloro-2-quinolinyl)ethenyl)phenyl)-3-(2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)phenyl)propyl)thio)methyl)cyclopropaneacetic acid
1-[[[(1 R)-1-[3-[(1E)-2-(7-chloro-2-quinolinyl)ethenyl] phenyl]-3-[2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)phenyl]propyl]sulfanyl]methyl]cyclopropaneacetic acid
An alkyl sulfide that has formula C35H36ClNO3S.
{1-[({(1R)-1-{3-[(E)-2-(7-chloroquinolin-2-yl)ethenyl]phenyl}-3-[2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl]propyl}sulfanyl)methyl]cyclopropyl}acetic acid
A steroid which is substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in any position.
A natural or synthetic analogue of the hormones secreted by the adrenal gland.
Any molecular entity that contains carbon.
A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by an organyl group.
A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing two hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.
A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.
An organofluorine compound that has formula C4H4FN3O.
A benzenoid aromatic compound that has formula C17H18F3NO.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives.
Quinones containing an acene fused ring system.
Compounds containing an adamantane skeleton.
(1E)-5-methoxy-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pentan-1-one O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime
A 5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime that has formula C15H21F3N2O2.
Cyclopropane and its derivatives formed by substitution.
Compounds based on a fused 1,2-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton, with the O atom positioned adjacent to one of the positions of ring fusion.
Compounds based on a fused 1,2-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.
Compounds containing a mono-unsaturated furan ring skeleton.
An alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)R(4) (R(4) =/= H) in which the C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.
A ketone of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)R(4) (R(4) =/= H) or R(1)C#C-C(=O)R(2) (R(2) =/= H) in which the ketonic C=O function is conjugated to an unsaturated C-C bond at the alpha,beta position.
A terpenoid having a C20 tetracyclic skeleton.
Any organic heterotricyclic compound based on a skeleton comprised of an oxazine ring fused onto a quinoline system.
Compounds containing an ifosfamide skeleton.
An imidazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.
Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.
A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4; and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.
2'-Deoxyadenosine in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine ring has been substituted by chlorine. It inhibits the synthesis and repair of DNA, particularly in lymphocytes and monocytes, and is used as an antimetabolite antineoplastic drug for the treatment of lymphoid malignancies including hairy-cell leukaemia and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements.
3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-((2-chloroethyl)amino)tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine 2-oxide
A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used in the treatment of cancer
N,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1,3,2-oxazaphosphinan-2-amine 2-oxide
A compound having the structure RR'C(OR'')(OR''') (R'', R''' =/= H) and thus diethers of geminal diols. Originally, the term was confined by IUPAC to derivatives of aldehydes (R = H), but it now applies equally to derivatives of ketones (neither R nor R' = H ). Mixed acetals have R'' and R''' groups which differ.
An acetal of formula R2C(OR)2 (R =/= H) derived from a ketone by replacement of the oxo group by two hydrocarbyloxy groups. The class name 'ketals', once abandoned by IUPAC, has been reinstated as a subclass of acetals.
A ketal in the molecule of which the ketal carbon and one or both oxygen atoms thereon are members of a ring.
4-(acetyloxy)-13alpha-({(2R,3S)-3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoyl}oxy)-1,7beta,10beta-trihydroxy-9-oxo-5beta,20-epoxytax-11-en-2alpha-yl benzoate--water (1/3)
N-debenzoyl-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-10-deacetylpaclitaxel trihydrate
N-debenzoyl-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-10-deacetyltaxol trihydrate
The trihydrate form of docetaxel. It is used for the treatment of breast, ovarian, and non-small cell lung cancer, and with prednisone or prednisolone in hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer.
A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types.
A mixture is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, at least two of which are of a different kind.
A nucleoside having a purine base covalently bonded to a deoxyribose.
A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation between pyridine-4-carboxylic acid and hydrazine.
A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that has formula C6H5NO2.
A dioxolane that has formula C35H38Cl2N8O4.
An analogue of a nucleoside, being an N-glycosyl compound in which the nitrogen-containing moiety is a modified nucleotide base. They are commonly used as antiviral products to prevent viral replication in infected cells.
The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.
A racemate is an equimolar mixture of a pair of enantiomers.
A mixture composed of two or more diastereoisomers (stereoisomers not related as mirror images).
A glucoside in which the anomeric carbon of the glycosidic bond is in a beta configuration
A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of tacrolimus.
Any compound that has a nucleobase as a part.
nucleobase-containing molecular entities
A steroid compound with a structure based on a 21-carbon (pregnane) skeleton.
Any hydroxy carboxylic acid which contains a hydroxy group located beta- to the carboxylic acid group.
A carbohydrate derivative arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to an oxygen, carbon, nitrogen or sulfur atom of a separate entity.
Any organooxygen compound derived from a carbohydrate by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by an amino group, a thiol group or similar heteroatomic groups. The term also includes derivatives of these compounds.
A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a monosaccharide.
A monosaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from a hexose.
A hexose derivative that is formally obtained from a ketohexose.
A 1-ribosyltriazole that is the 1-ribofuranosyl derivative of 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide. An inhibitor of HCV polymerase.
A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase
An N-glycosyl compound that consists of any triazole having a glycosyl residue attached at position 1.
(3S)-(-)-9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de][1,4]benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid
(3S)-9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid
(S)-(-)-9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de][1,4]benzooxazine-6-carboxylic acid
(S)-9-Fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7H-pyrido(1,2,3-de)-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid
An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase
A racemate composed of (+)-(11R,2'S)- and (-)-(11S,2'R)-enantiomers of mefloquine. An antimalarial agent which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.
(+-)-methyl (1R,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-((E)-(4RS)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-1-octenyl)-5-oxocyclopentaneheptanoate
(11-alpha,13E)-(+-)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oic acid methyl ester
A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form.
Methyl (+-)-11-alpha,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate
1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-8-methoxy-7-((4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo(3,4-b)pyridin-6-yl)-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-7-[(4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
A quinolone that consits of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.
A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.
(+)-(3R,5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-8-{[(S)-2-methylbutyryl]oxy}-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1-naphthyl]heptanoic acid
(3R,5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-8-{[(2S)-2-methylbutanoyl]oxy}-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]heptanoic acid
A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation or (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.
A ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.
4'-(1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl)methane sulfonanilide
A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is sustituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.
1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.
A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.
2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.
2,3:4,5-bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-beta-D-fructopyranose sulfamate
2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose sulfamate
A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.
A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.
Any organic heterobicyclic compound containing ortho-fused pyrrolidine and piperidine rings.
A sulfoxide that has formula C16H14F3N3O2S.
5-Methylisoxazole-4-carboxylic acid (4-trifluoromethyl)anilide
An isoxazole that has formula C12H9F3N2O2.
(D-Leu(6),des-Gly-NH2(10),Pro-ethylamide(9))-gonadotropin-releasing hormone
An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.
L-pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-L-tryptophyl-L-seryl-L-tyrosyl-D-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-arginyl-L-proline ethylamide
A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position
A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that has formula C22H30O3.
An aromatic amine comprising salicylic acid having an amino group at the 5-position.
A 6-methylprednisolone that has formula C22H30O5.
Imidazole substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively.
A tricyclic antidepressant that has formula C19H21N.
8-Fluoro-3-methyl-9-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-6-oxo-2,3-dihydro-6H-1-oxa-3a-aza-phenalene-5-carboxylic acid
9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid
A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.
A sulfoxide having 3-methoxybenzimidazol-3-yl and 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-ylmethyl groups attached to the sulfur.
A benzimidazole that has formula C16H15F2N3O4S.
A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.
A imidazolidine-2,4-dione that consists of hydantoin bearing two phenyl substituents at position 5.
A thiazolidenedione that has formula C19H20N2O3S.
2,6-Benzothiazolediamine, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-N(sup 6)-propyl-, (S)-
A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.
A 21-hydroxy steroid that has formula C21H28O5.
A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.
A sulfoxide that has formula C18H21N3O3S.
(2S,3aS,6aS)-1-[(2S)-2-{[(1S)-1-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl]amino}propanoyl]octahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid
(2S-(1(R*(R*)),2alpha,3abeta,6abeta))-1-(2-((1-(Ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl)amino)-1-oxopropyl)octahydrocyclopenta(b)pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid.
A cyclopentapyrrole that has formula C23H32N2O5.
(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-{2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]ethyl}-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
2,2-dimethylbutyric acid, 8-ester with (4R,6R)-6-(2-((1S,2S,6R,8S,8aR)-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-8-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl)tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one
A fatty acid ester comprising a dihydroxyheptanoic acid unit condensed into a lactone; a partially reduced naphthalene structure; and a 2,2-dimethylbutyric acyl substituent at C17. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.
2-Hydroxy-5-((4-((2-pyridinylamino)sulfonyl)phenyl)azo)benzoic acid
2-Hydroxy-5-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfamoyl)-phenylazo]-benzoic acid
2-hydroxy-5-{[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfamoyl)phenyl]diazenyl}benzoic acid
5-((p-(2-Pyridylsulfamoyl)phenyl)azo)salicylic acid
5-(4-(2-Pyridylsulfamoyl)phenylazo)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid
5-(p-(2-Pyridylsulfamyl)phenylazo)salicylic acid
An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.
A thienopyridine that has formula C14H14ClNS.
A dibenzoazepine that has formula C20H26N2.
A cyclohexanol that has formula C17H27NO2.
A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane.
The definition of cell is intended to represent all cells, and thus a cell is defined as a material entity and not an anatomical structure, which implies that it is part of an organism (or the entirety of one).
A cell that is found in a natural setting, which includes multicellular organism cells 'in vivo' (i.e. part of an organism), and unicellular organisms 'in environment' (i.e. part of a natural environment).
To accommodate unicellular organisms better, 'cell in vivo' has been re-labeled 'native cell' to better represent its intended meaning - that is, that it is a cell in the context of a multicellular organism or in a natural environment. 'Native' is intended to contrast with 'in vitro', which refers to cells or other biological entities that have been intentionally placed in a controlled, non-natural setting for the purpose of study or manipulation. (MAH 1.12.12).
A cell that will develop into a neuron often after a migration phase.
A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
Neural stem cell is characterized as an undifferentiated cell that originates from the neuroectoderm and has the capacity both to perpetually self-renew without differentiating and to generate multiple types of lineage-restricted progenitors.
A stem cell that can give rise to multiple lineages of cells.
A stem cell from which all cells of the body can form.
A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates.
define using PATO mulit-potent or oligopotent?
Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses.
A pigment cell is a cell that contains pigment granules.
A cell specialized to detect and transduce light.
A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal.
A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo.
A cell that is specialised to accumulate a particular substance(s).
A cell of the outer layer of a blastula that gives rise to the ectoderm after gastrulation.
A cell whose function is determined by its response to an electric signal.
A cell that initiates an electrical signal and passes that signal to another cell.
A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery.
The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system.
These cells are also reportedly CD4-negative and CD200-positive. They are also capable of producing CD40L and IFN-gamma.
A stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.
A cell that is part of the nervous system.
A cell of an organism that does not pass on its genetic material to the organism's offspring (i.e. a non-germ line cell).
clinical drug role
the role of a material entity to prevent, diagnose, treat, or study disease and/or its effects
drug product
William Hogan
a material entity (1) containing at least one scattered molecular aggregate as part (the active ingredient) and (2) that is the bearer of a clinical drug role
non-activating competitive beta-adrenergic receptor binding disposition
function-inhibiting hydrogen/potassium adenosine triphosphatase enzyme (H+/K+ ATPase) binding disposition
function-inhibiting L-type voltage-gated calcium channel binding disposition
Gentamicin Sulfate (USP) Injectable Solution
Methylprednisolone Injectable Suspension
peginterferon alfa-2b Injectable Solution
Insulin, Protamine Zinc, Human Injectable Suspension
penicillin G benzathine 115 MG/ML Oral Solution
Leuprolide Acetate 5 MG/ML Injectable Solution
0.1 ML Triamcinolone Acetonide 80 MG/ML Prefilled Syringe
Insulin, Protamine Zinc, Human 40 UNT/ML Injectable Suspension
Procarbazine 50 MG Oral Capsule [Matulane]
0.1 ML Triamcinolone Acetonide 80 MG/ML Prefilled Syringe [Trivaris]
Insulin, Protamine Zinc, Human 40 UNT/ML Injectable Suspension [ProZinc]
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
down regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
down-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
downregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
inhibition of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
negative regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
negative regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter
negative regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global
regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokine mediated signaling pathway.
regulation of cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway
regulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
regulation of cytokine mediated signalling pathway
negative regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokine mediated signaling pathway.
down regulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
down-regulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
downregulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
inhibition of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of cytokine mediated signalling pathway
regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
regulation of cellular transcription, DNA-dependent
regulation of gene-specific transcription
regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
global transcription regulation from Pol II promoter
regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter
regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global
Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.
Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. Note that when this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code ND, no data, is used to indicate this.
regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway activity.
regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
regulation of GPCR protein signaling pathway
regulation of GPCR protein signalling pathway
embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.
negative regulation of biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.
negative regulation of metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
positive regulation of signal transduction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
positive regulation of signaling pathway
positive regulation of signalling pathway
negative regulation of signal transduction
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
negative regulation of signaling pathway
negative regulation of signalling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor activity. Receptor activity is when a molecule combines with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity.
regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
positive regulation of cell communication
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
negative regulation of cell communication
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. The tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor.
negative regulation of TNF-mediated signaling pathway
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signalling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.
regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process
Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process.
positive regulation of signaling process
positive regulation of signalling process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process.
negative regulation of signaling process
negative regulation of signalling process
regulation of cellular metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
negative regulation of cellular metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
down regulation of cellular metabolic process
down-regulation of cellular metabolic process
downregulation of cellular metabolic process
inhibition of cellular metabolic process
negative regulation of cellular metabolism
regulation of cellular biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
down regulation of cellular biosynthetic process
down-regulation of cellular biosynthetic process
downregulation of cellular biosynthetic process
inhibition of cellular biosynthetic process
negative regulation of cellular anabolism
negative regulation of cellular biosynthesis
negative regulation of cellular formation
negative regulation of cellular synthesis
regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.
down regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
down-regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
downregulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
inhibition of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase.
negative regulation of adenosinetriphosphatase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway.
regulation of steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway
regulation of steroid hormone receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway.
negative regulation of steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of steroid hormone receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of dopamine secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine.
negative regulation of catecholamine secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine.
down regulation of catecholamine secretion
down-regulation of catecholamine secretion
downregulation of catecholamine secretion
regulation of cellular amide metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides.
negative regulation of cellular amide metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides.
negative regulation of catalytic activity
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
down regulation of transcription factor activity
down-regulation of transcription factor activity
downregulation of transcription factor activity
inhibition of transcription factor activity
negative regulation of transcription factor activity
Any process that modulates the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase.
regulation of adenosinetriphosphatase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of molecular function
Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.
positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway activity.
activation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
positive regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
positive regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
positive regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
positive regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
positive regulation of GPCR protein signaling pathway
positive regulation of GPCR protein signalling pathway
stimulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
up regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
up-regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
upregulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
negative regulation of lipid metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.
down regulation of lipid metabolic process
down-regulation of lipid metabolic process
downregulation of lipid metabolic process
negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
down regulation of gene-specific transcription
down regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
down-regulation of gene-specific transcription
down-regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
downregulation of gene-specific transcription
downregulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
inhibition of gene-specific transcription
inhibition of transcription, DNA-dependent
negative regulation of cellular transcription, DNA-dependent
negative regulation of gene-specific transcription
negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process
Any cellular process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
down regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
down-regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
downregulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
inhibition of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
negative regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosylceramide.
down regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
down-regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
downregulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
inhibition of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
negative regulation of glucosylceramide anabolism
negative regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthesis
negative regulation of glucosylceramide formation
negative regulation of glucosylceramide synthesis
regulation of lipid biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids.
positive regulation of biological process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
positive regulation of physiological process
negative regulation of biological process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
negative regulation of physiological process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
positive regulation of cellular physiological process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
negative regulation of cellular physiological process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.
Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC.
positive regulation of response to stimulus
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.
negative regulation of response to stimulus
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.
anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of catecholamines.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
regulation of cellular physiological process
Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.
negative regulation of synaptic transmission
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.
down regulation of synaptic transmission
down-regulation of synaptic transmission
detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of lipid biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids.
down regulation of lipid biosynthetic process
down-regulation of lipid biosynthetic process
downregulation of lipid biosynthetic process
inhibition of lipid biosynthetic process
negative regulation of lipid biosynthesis
regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
regulation of transcription factor activity
regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.
regulation of nitrogen metabolic process
negative regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.
down regulation of nitrogen metabolic process
down-regulation of nitrogen metabolic process
downregulation of nitrogen metabolic process
inhibition of nitrogen metabolic process
negative regulation of nitrogen metabolic process
negative regulation of nitrogen metabolism
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA.
negative regulation of RNA metabolic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA.
down regulation of RNA metabolic process
down-regulation of RNA metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.
negative regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
3',5' cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor
3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleotide 5'-phosphate.
down regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
down-regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
downregulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
negative regulation of 3',5' cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
negative regulation of 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity
negative regulation of cAMP phosphodiesterase activity
negative regulation of cGMP phosphodiesterase activity
negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
negative regulation of hydrolase activity
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds.
negative regulation of oxidoreductase activity
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered.
down regulation of oxidoreductase activity
down-regulation of oxidoreductase activity
downregulation of oxidoreductase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a neuron or glial cell.
negative regulation of neurotransmitter uptake
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a neuron or glial cell.
down regulation of neurotransmitter uptake
down-regulation of neurotransmitter uptake
downregulation of neurotransmitter uptake
negative regulation of neurotransmitter import
regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the catecholamine neurotransmitter dopamine into a cell.
regulation of dopamine import involved in synaptic transmission
negative regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of dopamine into a presynaptic neuron or glial cell.
down regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
down-regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
downregulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
negative regulation of dopamine import involved in synaptic transmission
regulation of neurotransmitter transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of neurotransmitter transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
down regulation of neurotransmitter transport
down-regulation of neurotransmitter transport
downregulation of neurotransmitter transport
inhibition of neurotransmitter transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin into a cell.
regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of serotonin into a cell.
negative regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake
negative regulation of norepinephrine uptake
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell.
down regulation of norepinephrine uptake
down-regulation of norepinephrine uptake
negative regulation of levarterenol uptake
negative regulation of noradrenaline uptake
negative regulation of norepinephrine import
Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell.
negative regulation of calcium ion transport
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
down regulation of calcium ion transport
down-regulation of calcium ion transport
negative regulation of calcium transport
regulation of catecholamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of catecholamine neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.
regulation of catecholamine neurotransmitter reuptake
regulation of catecholamine neurotransmitter uptake
regulation of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
negative regulation of catecholamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of catecholamine neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.
down regulation of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
down-regulation of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
downregulation of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
inhibition of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
negative regulation of catecholamine neurotransmitter reuptake
negative regulation of catecholamine neurotransmitter uptake
negative regulation of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
regulation of macromolecule metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell.
regulation of response to cytokine stimulus
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus.
negative regulation of response to cytokine stimulus
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus.
regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the androgen receptor signaling pathway.
regulation of androgen receptor signalling pathway
negative regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the androgen receptor signaling pathway.
negative regulation of androgen receptor signalling pathway
Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.
regulation of sphingolipid biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of sphingolipid biosynthesis. Sphingolipid biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).
negative regulation of sphingolipid biosynthetic process
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of sphingolipid biosynthesis. Sphingolipid biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).
negative regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a ceramide biosynthetic process.
down regulation of ceramide biosynthesis
down regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process
down-regulation of ceramide biosynthesis
down-regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process
downregulation of ceramide biosynthetic process
inhibition of ceramide biosynthetic process
negative regulation of ceramide anabolism
negative regulation of ceramide biosynthesis
negative regulation of ceramide formation
negative regulation of ceramide synthesis
regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to insulin stimulus.
positive regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to insulin stimulus.
activation of cellular response to insulin stimulus
up regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus
up-regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus
upregulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus
negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process.
down regulation of RNA biosynthetic process
down-regulation of RNA biosynthetic process
downregulation of RNA biosynthetic process
regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleic acid-templated transcription.
negative regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nucleic acid-templated transcription.
down regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription
down-regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription
downregulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription
inhibition of nucleic acid-templated transcription
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell.
negative regulation of secretion by cell
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell.
negative regulation of cellular secretion
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anion transport.
regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process.
regulation of cellular biopolymer biosynthetic process
regulation of cellular macromolecule anabolism
regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthesis
regulation of cellular macromolecule formation
regulation of cellular macromolecule synthesis
negative regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of cellular biopolymer biosynthetic process
negative regulation of cellular macromolecule anabolism
negative regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthesis
negative regulation of cellular macromolecule formation
negative regulation of cellular macromolecule synthesis
negative regulation of receptor activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor activity.
regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a ceramide biosynthetic process.
regulation of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity.
regulation of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)
regulation of DNA topoisomerase IV activity
regulation of DNA topoisomerase type II activity
regulation of deoxyribonucleate topoisomerase
regulation of deoxyribonucleic topoisomerase activity
regulation of type II DNA topoisomerase activity
negative regulation of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity.
negative regulation of DNA gyrase activity
negative regulation of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)
negative regulation of DNA topoisomerase II
negative regulation of DNA topoisomerase IV activity
negative regulation of DNA topoisomerase type II activity
negative regulation of DNA-gyrase activity
negative regulation of deoxyribonucleate topoisomerase
negative regulation of deoxyribonucleic topoisomerase activity
negative regulation of type II DNA topoisomerase activity
positive regulation of opioid receptor signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of opioid receptor signaling pathway.
positive regulation of opioid receptor signalling pathway
regulation of androgen receptor activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of androgen receptor activity.
negative regulation of androgen receptor activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of androgen receptor activity.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process.
negative regulation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity.
negative regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase activity
negative regulation of HMG-CoA reductase activity
data item
information content entity
curation status specification
Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting)
The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
data about an ontology part
data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term
Melanie Courtot and YH: More work is needed on how to restrict the scope of a term to be an 'adverse event', notably regarding temporal association. When is an appropirate time interval between a medical intervention and an adverse event observed? One week, one month, one year, or a lifetime? For some well-studied medical interventions (e.g., administration of many vaccines or drugs), we probably have a general idea. For many new interventions, we don't know much. In OAE, this issue is associated with defining the 'adverse event incubation time'.
YH: There has been discussion regarding whether the term 'side effect' is an alternative term for 'adverse event'. In AERO, the term 'AERO:adverse event' represents a subset of those adverse events for which causality has been established. In OAE, an adverse event for which causality has been established is called 'causal adverse event'.
a pathological bodily process that occurs after a medical intervention. An adverse event is likely caused by the medical intervention; however, such a causal association is not required to be an adverse event.
YH: The main scope of OAE includes: (1) represent terms and relations in the area of adverse events, (2) assess possible associations between an adverse event and a medical intervention, particularly, identify any causal effect of a medical intervention to an adverse event; and (2) understand the mechanism (including molecular mechanisms) of causal adverse events.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25093068
The OAE official website is: http://www.oae-ontology.org/.
WEB: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/HowToReport/ucm053087.htm
YH: An adverse event is a process that has specified output of some adverse medical outcome (e.g., symptom, sign or accident) after a medical intervention (or process) (e.g., administration of drug or vaccine). The medical intervention can be an administration of a drug, a vaccine (i.e., vaccination), or a special nutritional product (for example, dietary supplement, infant formula, medical food), surgery, or usage of a medical device.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverse_event
YH: An adverse event is possibly induced by the medical intervention. It can be caused by the medical intervention, or may not be caused by the medical intervention. One ultimate goal (or the goal in clinics) of study adverse events is to assess if the adverse event outcome is due to the medical intervention.
medical intervention is a planned process that has the goal of diagnosing, preventing or relieving illness or injury.
WEB: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_medical_intervention
a medical intervention where a patient is administered with a drug
a peripheral neuropathy AE which has an outcome of sensory neuropathy that involves damage to nerves of the peripheral nervous system.
a peripheral neuropathy AE which is caused by a damage to motor neurons
WEB: http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain_spinal_cord_and_nerve_disorders/peripheral_nerve_disorders/polyneuropathy.html
A peripheral neuropathy AE which is characterized by damage to more than one nerve
an neuropathy AE that results in a damage to the peripheral nervous system (PNS, outside the brain and spinal cord), the vast communication network that transmits information from the brain and the spinal cord (the central nervous system) to every other part of the body.
WEB: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/peripheralneuropathy/detail_peripheralneuropathy.htm
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_neuropathy
a sensory neuropathy AE that shows a sensation of tingling, pricking, or numbness of a person's skin with no apparent long-term physical effect.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraesthesia
Paresthesia is more generally known as the feeling of "pins and needles" or of a limb being "asleep" (although this is not directly related to the phenomenon of sleep). The manifestation of paresthesia may be transient or chronic.
a nervous system AE that shows a damage to or disease affecting the nerves.
WEB: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/neuropathy/article_em.htm
WEB: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/147963.php
a peripheral neuropathy AE which has an outcome of neuritis, the local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the brain and/or spinal cord
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxicity
a nervous system AE that alters the normal activity of the nervous system due to exposure to neurotoxins, causes damage to nervous tissue
Neuropathy can affect nerves that provide feeling (sensory neuropathy) or cause movement (motor neuropathy). It can also affect both, in which case it is called a sensorimotor neuropathy.
a peripheral sensory neuropathy AE that results in the patient losing the ability to move or feel.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000750.htm
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Peripheral+sensory+neuropathy
a sensory neuropathy AE that has an outcome of damaged nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
Carpal tunnel syndrome AE is a peripheral neuropathy AE that is a median entrapment neuropathy that causes paresthesia, pain, numbness, and other symptoms in the distribution of the median nerve due to its compression at the wrist in the carpal tunnel.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpal_tunnel_syndrome
WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1141168-clinical#showall
ischemic optic neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/eye_disorders/optic_nerve_disorders/ischemic_optic_neuropathy.html
WEB: http://www.geteyesmart.org/eyesmart/diseases/ischemic-optic-neuropathy/
an optic neuropahty AE which shows an infarction of the optic disk which presents as painless vision loss
optic neuropathy AE
a peripheral neuropathy AE which shows an damage or abnormality to the nerves in the eyes.
WEB: http://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/optic-neuritis.htm
neuroretinitis AE
an optic neuropathy AE characterized by optic disc swelling, peripapillary and macular hard exudates, and vitreous cells.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6466175
anterior ischemic optic neuropathy AE
WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1216891-overview
an optic neuropathy AE characterized by vision loss, optic disc swelling, flame hemorrhages, and cotton-wool exudates. It occurs when blood flow is interrupted to the front (anterior) part of the optic nerve (also called optic nerve head).
non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy AE
WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1216891-clinical#a0217
a type of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy AE that presents primarily with vision loss, especially upon wakening, and sectorial disc edema.
mixed neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/0401/p887.html
a peripheral neuropathy AE that shows a combination of axonal and demyelinating neuropathy.
sensory peripheral polyneuropathy AE
a peripheral sensory neuropathy AE that shows neuropathy in many sensory nerves at one time
peripheral demyelinating polyneuropathy AE
a peripheral neuropathy AE that results from the loss of the myelin sheath on peripheral nerves roughly evenly distributed on both sides of the body
diabetic neuropathy AE
a neuropathy AE that shows nerve damage and occurs in a patient with diabetes
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-neuropathy/basics/definition/con-20033336
neurological deficit AE
a nervous system AE that is an umbrella term referring to conditions relating to the nervous system, including loss of sensation and paralysis
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_neurological_deficit
planned process
A processual entity that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
processed material
Examples include gel matrices, filter paper, parafilm and buffer solutions, mass spectrometer, tissue samples
Is a material entity that is created or changed during material processing.
scattered molecular aggregate
the sodium and chloride ions in a glass of salt water
A scattered molecular aggregate is a material entity that consists of all the molecules of a specific type that are located in some bounded region and which is part of a more massive material entity that has parts that are other such aggregates
Collective
Discussion in Karslruhe with, among others, Alan Rector, Stefan Schulz, Marijke Keet, Melanie Courtot, and Alan Ruttenberg. With inspiration from the paper Granularity, scale and collectivity: When size does and does not matter, Alan Recto, Jeremy Rogers, Thomas Bittner, Journal of Biomedical Informatics 39 (2006) 333-349
a material entity that consists of all the molecules of a specific type that are located in some bounded region and which is part of a more massive material entity that has parts that are other such aggregates
10/21/09: This is a placeholder term, that should ideally be imported from the NCBI taxonomy, but the high level hierarchy there does not suit our needs (includes plasmids and 'other organisms')
A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism
animal
fungus
plant
virus
drug-associated neuropathy AE
a neuropathy adverse event that is associated with a drug.
role in cellular and molecular interactions
drug-associated peripheral neuropathy adverse event
drug-associated neuroretinitis neuropathy AE
drug-associated neurotoxicity neuropathy AE
drug-associated peripheral sensory neuropathy AE
drug-associated sensory peripheral polyneuropathy AE
drug-associated peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy AE
drug-associated peripheral demyelinating polyneuropathy AE
drug-associated anterior ischemic optic neuropathy AE
drug-associated non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy AE
drug-associated carpal tunnel syndrome AE
ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (Ciloxan, Cipro, Cetraxal)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/EmergencyPreparedness/BioterrorismandDrugPreparedness/UCM130802.pdf
cefepime (Maxipime)-associated neurotoxicity AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/050679s036lbl.pdf
penicillin G benzathine (Bicillin L-A)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/050141s231lbl.pdf
fosaprepitant dimeglumine (Emend)-associated sensory neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/021549s021lbl.pdf
emtricitabine (Emtriva)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/021500s019lbl.pdf
emtricitabine (Emtriva)-associated peripheral neuritis AE
ropivacaine (Naropin)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/020533s028lbl.pdf
omeprazole (Prilosec)-associated anterior ischemic optic neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/019810s095,022056s011lbl.pdf
hydroxyurea (Droxia, Hydrea)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/016295s041s042lbl.pdf
vemurafenib (Zelboraf)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/202429s000lbl.pdf
ipilimumab (Yervoy)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/125377s0000lbl.pdf
golimumab (Simponi)-associated peripheral demylinating polyneuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/125289s0038lbl.pdf
peginterferon alfa-2b (Peg Intron, Sylatron)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/103949s5217s5222lbl.pdf
infliximab (Remicade)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/103772s5301lbl.pdf
tacrolimus (Astagraf XL, Hecoria, Prograf, Protopic)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/050708s036s037,050709s028s030lbl.pdf
tacrolimus (Astagraf XL, Hecoria, Prograf, Protopic)-associated neurotoxicity AE
tesamorelin (Egrifta)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022505s001s003lbl.pdf
docetaxel (Taxotere, Docefrez)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022234s000lbl.pdf
etravirine (Intelence)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022187s008lbl.pdf
maraviroc (Selzentry)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022128s007lbl.pdf
bupropion (Aplezin, Wellbutrin, Zyban, Budeprion SR, Buproban, Forfivo XL)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022108s005s006lbl.pdf
nilotinib (Tasigna)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022068s008s009lbl.pdf
ixabepilone (Ixempra)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022065s006lbl.pdf
telbivudine (Tyzeka)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022011S012,022154S009lbl.pdf
dasatinib (Sprycel)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021986s009s010lbl.pdf
sorafenib (NexAVAR)-associated sensory neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021923s012lbl.pdf
lenalidomide (Revlimid)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021880s023lbl.pdf
tipranavir (Aptivus)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021814s011lbl.pdf
metronidazole (Flagyl, Metrocream, Metrogel, Metrolotion, Noritate)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021806s003lbl.pdf
histrelin (Vantas, Supprelin LA)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021732s007s010s012lbl.pdf
bortezomib (Velcade)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021602s029s030lbl.pdf
imatinib (Gleevec)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021588s030s031lbl.pdf
daptomycin (Cubicin)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021572s038lbl.pdf
atazanavir (Reyataz)-associated peripheral neurologic symptoms AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021567s026lbl.pdf
enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021481s020lbl.pdf
pemetrexed (Alimta)-associated motor neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021462s029s030s032lbl.pdf
pemetrexed (Alimta)-associated sensory neuropathy AE
vardenafil (Levitra, Staxyn)-associated non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021400s013lbl.pdf
tenofovir (Viread)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021356s041lbl.pdf
voriconazole (Vfend)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021266s035,021267s040,021630s026lbl.pdf
gemifloxacin (Factive)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021158s021lbl.pdf
moxifloxacin (Avelox, Vigamox, Moxeza)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021085s050s053,021277s046s050lbl.pdf
bexarotene (Targretin)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021055s006lbl.pdf
cytarabine (Cytosar-U, Tarabine PFS)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021041s023lbl.pdf
eletriptan (Relpax)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021016s018lbl.pdf
efavirenz (Sustiva)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020972s040lbl.pdf
leflunomide (Arava)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020905s022lbl.pdf
capecitabine (Xeloda)-associated peripheral sensory neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020896s026lbl.pdf
sildenafil (Revatio, Viagra)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020895s036lbl.pdf
montelukast (Singulair)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020829s060,020830s062,021409s037lbl.pdf
exemestane (Aromasin)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020753s009s011s012lbl.pdf
triptorelin (Trelstar)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020715s025,021288s022,022437s003lbl.pdf
pramipexole (Mirapex)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020667s025lbl.pdf
ritonavir (Norvir)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020659s055,022417s006lbl.pdf
nevirapine (Viramune)-associated paresthesia AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020636s039_020933s030lbl.pdf
levofloxacin (Levaquin, Quixin, Iquix)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020634s062s064,020635s068s070,021721s029s031lbl.pdf
lamivudine (Epivir)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020564s031,020596s030lbl.pdf
zafirlukast (Accolate)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020547s031lbl.pdf
gemcitabine (Gemzar)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020509s069lbl.pdf
topiramate (Topamax, Topiragen, Trokendi XR, Qudexy XR)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020505s042,020844s036lbl.pdf
vigabatrin (Sabril)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020427s002lbl.pdf
stavudine (Zerit)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020412s038,020413s030lbl.pdf
losartan (Cozaar)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020386s056lbl.pdf
fluvastatin (Lescol)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020261s042,021192s016lbl.pdf
desipramine (Norpramin)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020156s048lbl.pdf
levoleucovorin (Fusilev)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020140s002lbl.pdf
diltiazem (Dilacor, Cardizem, Cartia XT, Tiazac, Dilt-CD, Dilt-XR, Diltia XT)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020092s017lbl.pdf
paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva, Brisdelle)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020031s058s066,020710s022s030lbl.pdf
leuprolide acetate (Lupron, Eligard, Viadur)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019943s032,020011s039lbl.pdf
ramipril (Altace)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019901s058lbl.pdf
pravastatin (Pravachol)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019898s061lbl.pdf
sotalol (Betapace, Sorine, Sotylize)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019865s020lbl.pdf
acitretin (Soriatane)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019821s018lbl.pdf
amlodipine (Norvasc)-associated neuropathy peripheral AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019787s052lbl.pdf
simvastatin (Zocor)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019766s083lbl.pdf
ifosfamide (Ifex)-associated polyneuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019763s016lbl.pdf
ofloxacin (Floxin, Ocuflox)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019735s061lbl.pdf
zidovudine (Retrovir)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019655s052,019910s039,020518s022lbl.pdf
lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019558s054lbl.pdf
ciprofloxacin (Cipro, Ciloxan, Cetraxal)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019537s074,020780s032lbl.pdf
betaxolol (Kerlone, Betoptic S)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019507s008lbl.pdf
norfloxacin (Noroxin)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019384s060lbl.pdf
amiodarone (Cordarone, Pacerone)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/018972s044lbl.pdf
cisplatin (Platinol)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/018057s081lbl.pdf
carmustine (Bicnu, Gliadel)-associated neuroretinitis AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/017422s042lbl.pdf
deferoxamine (Desferal)-associated mixed neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/016267s050lbl.pdf
chlorambucil (Leukeran)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/010669s032lbl.pdf
propylthiouracil-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/006188s021s022lbl.pdf
eribulin (Halaven)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/201532lbl.pdf
cabazitaxel (Jevtana)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/201023lbl.pdf
certolizumab pegol (Cimzia)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/125160s111lbl.pdf
erlotinib (Tarceva)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/021743s14s16lbl.pdf
aprepitant (Emend)-associated sensory neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/021549s017lbl.pdf
miglustat (Zavesca)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/021348s008lbl.pdf
valganciclovir (Valcyte)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/021304s008,022257s003lbl.pdf
linezolid (Zyvox)-associated optic neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/021130s022lbl.pdf
ziprasidone (Geodon)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/020825s038,020919s025,021483s005lbl.pdf
topotecan (Hycamtin)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/020671s016s017lbl.pdf
bicalutamide (Casodex)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/020498s022lbl.pdf
venlafaxine (Effexor)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/020151s056s057lbl.pdf
itraconazole (Onmel, Sporanox)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/020083s046lbl.pdf
fludarabine (Fludara)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/020038s033lbl.pdf
zolpidem (Zolpimist, Ambien, Edluar, Intermezzo)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/019908s029lbl.pdf
triamcinolone (Aristocort, Azmacort, Cinolar, Kenalog, Nasacort, Clinacort, Triam-Forte, Triamcot, Aristospan)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/012802s031lbl.pdf
metronidazole (Flagyl, Metrocream, Metrogel, Metrolotion, Noritate)-associated optic neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/012623s061lbl.pdf
oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/078810s000lbl.pdf
cyclosporine (Gengraf, Neoral, Sandimmune, Restasis)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/050715s028,050716s029lbl.pdf
capsaicin (Zostrix, Capsagel, Capsagesic HP, Capsin, Trixaicin, Pain Enz, Rid-A-Pain, Sportsmed)-associated peripheral sensory neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/022395lbl.pdf
nelarabine (Arranon)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/021877s001lbl.pdf
dapsone (Aczone)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/021794s006lbl.pdf
rasagiline (Azilect)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/021641s002s003s004s005s007s008s010lbl.pdf
eszopiclone (Lunesta)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/021476s012lbl.pdf
almotriptan (Axert)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/021001s010s011lbl.pdf
atorvastatin (Lipitor)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/020702s056lbl.pdf
tolcapone (Tasmar)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/020697s013s015lbl.pdf
nitrofurantoin (Furadantin)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/020064s019lbl.pdf
olsalazine sodium (Dipentum)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/019715s027lbl.pdf
mefloquine (Lariam)-associated sensory neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/019591s026s028lbl.pdf
mefloquine (Lariam)-associated motor neuropathy AE
misoprostol (Cytotec)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/019268s041lbl.pdf
indomethacin (Indocin, Tivorbex)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/018332s032lbl.pdf
etidronate (Didronel)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/017831s055lbl.pdf
sulfasalazine (Azulfidine, Sulfazine)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/007073s124lbl.pdf
doxorubicin (Doxil, Adriamycin)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/050718s033lbl.pdf
mesalamine (Canasa, Pentasa, Rowasa, Lialda, Apriso, Asacol HD, sfRowasa, Delzicol)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/022301lbl.pdf
selegiline (Emsam, Eldepryl, Zelapar)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/021479s003s004lbl.pdf
ropinirole (Requip)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/020658s018s020s021lbl.pdf
enalapril maleate (Vasotec, Epaned)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/018998s071lbl.pdf
cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril, Amrix, Fexmid, FusePaq Tabradol)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/021777lbl.pdf
tinidazole (Tindamax)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/021618s003lbl.pdf
zaleplon (Sonata)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/020859s011lbl.pdf
foscarnet (Foscavir)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/020068s017lbl.pdf
succimer (Chemet)-associated sensorimotor neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/019998s013lbl.pdf
clomipramine (Anafranil)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/019906s34lbl.pdf
nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/018013s58lbl.pdf
trimipramine (Surmontil)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/016792s025lbl.pdf
thalidomide (Thalomid)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2006/021430s000,020785s031lbl.pdf
cevimeline (Evoxac)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2006/020989s008lbl.pdf
tizanidine (Zanaflex)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2006/020397s021,021447s002lbl.pdf
didanosine (Videx)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2006/020154s50,20155s39,20156s40,21183s16lbl.pdf
ganciclovir (Cytovene, Vitrasert, Zirgan)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2006/019661s030lbl.pdf
flucytosine (Ancobon)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2006/017001s027lbl.pdf
lomefloxacin (Maxaquin)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2005/20013s015lbl.pdf
saquinavir (Invirase)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
valdecoxib (Bextra)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2004/21341lbl.pdf
lovastatin (Altoprev, Mevacor)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2004/21316s010lbl.pdf
fluticasone (Flonase, Cutivate, Flovent)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2004/20549slr016,20548slr020,20121slr030_flonase_lbl.pdf
penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2004/19853s012,014lbl.pdf
dexamethasone (Decadron, DexPak, Maxidex, Dekpak 13 day Taperpak, Baycadron Elixer, Ozurdex)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2004/11664slr062_decadron_lbl.pdf
rofecoxib-associated median nerve neuropathy AE
This drug has been withdrawn from the US market.
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2004/021052s026_021042s019lbl.pdf
basiliximab (Simulect)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2003/basnov010203LB.htm
pergolide (Permax)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2003/19385slr030,031,035_permax_lbl.pdf
vinorelbine (Navelbine)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20388S014lbl.pdf
zalcitabine-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s16lbl.pdf
This drug has been discontinued from the US market.
cerivastatin (Baycol)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2001/20740S19lbl.pdf
delavirdine (Rescriptor)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2001/20705S8lbl.pdf
amiodarone hydrochloride (Cordarone, Pacerone)-associated optic neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/anda/98/74-739_Amiodarone_prntlbl.pdf
paclitaxel (Taxol, Onxol, Nov-Onxol, Paclitaxel Novaplus)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/anda/2002/75184_Paclitaxel_Prntlbl.pdf
tadalafil (Cialis, Adcirca)-associated non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=ff61b237-be8e-461b-8114-78c52a8ad0ae#nlm34084-4
rivastigmine (Exelon)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=fead084a-a376-4d57-bdf0-aa7ed3655505#nlm34084-4
mitoxantrone hydrochloride (Novantrone)-associated neurological deficit AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=fcb8ef8a-f770-4416-8fc5-fa01d98c8eee#nlm34084-4
zonisamide (Zonegran)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=f94b2ba4-024f-4068-8759-da6c8d31c546#nlm34084-4
sotalol hydrochloride (Betapace, Sorine, Sotylize)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=f16f9ae6-d29f-4b31-a240-c7ebb0d7d36a#nlm34084-4
propofol (Diprivan, Fresenious Propoven)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=e3105799-a4b6-f3f4-e6e2-b2b29bbdb538#nlm34084-4
pentamidine (Nebupent, Pentam)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=e2ad9d3c-b6c3-4f70-87e0-722a8ff94ccb#nlm34084-4
procarbazine 50 MG oral capsule [Matulane]-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=de1c8271-64d8-4ea5-85e8-871faa4d7632#nlm34084-4
penicillin V potassium (Veetids, Truxcillin VK)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=d6918541-6285-48ea-8255-23212f9a3ad7#nlm34084-4
Imipramine pamoate (Tofranil-PM)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=d1dde497-1889-4424-af18-da7ca6459cf3#nlm34084-4
methylprednisolone acetate (Depo-Medrol)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=ccb4d123-7b12-4aef-8ef0-f8d68c1a6547#nlm34084-4
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=be27854a-a805-4300-9729-accd1b7f226f#nlm34084-4
zolmitriptan (Zomig)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=bac91e37-91ce-4bbf-77bc-ef5f242589f8#nlm34084-4
ethambutol (Myambutol)-associated peripheral neuritis AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=b2f95b0b-9de3-4c0b-a46e-a7eee6428b4b#nlm34084-4
ethambutol hydrochloride (Myambutol)-associated optic neuropathy AE
rituximab (Rituxan)-associated peripheral sensory neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=b172773b-3905-4a1c-ad95-bab4b6126563#nlm34084-4
amitriptyline hydrochloride (Elavil, Vanatrip)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=acd53964-52dc-4534-b20f-14a7561b8a6c#nlm34084-4
gabapentin (Gabarone, Neurontin, Gralise, FusePaq Fanatrex)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=aa2e353f-860b-4d10-9a62-aad1c533b8aa#nlm34084-4
tolmetin (Tolectin)-associated optic neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=a6c72634-4613-4d21-bc9a-09dad17eb137#nlm34084-4
megestrol (Megace)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=65b28775-ee59-88cf-e4d8-372c6c79ad14#nlm34084-4
pregabalin (Lyrica)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=60185c88-ecfd-46f9-adb9-b97c6b00a553#nlm34084-4
imipramine (Tofranil, Tofranil-PM)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=55311747-710c-43c4-821d-76323ff2520e#nlm34084-4
methylprednisolone (Medrol, Methylpred-DP)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=532f0c6c-cd76-44d1-27b7-581cee86bc34#nlm34084-4
fluvoxamine maleate (Luvox)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=4d80812c-dfc1-456c-9368-697267630c2c#nlm34084-4
mitoxantrone (Novantrone)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=4d0f0f1a-31af-40fa-9c64-e90891fa6ce4#nlm34084-4
pantoprazole (Protonix)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=4b4edc09-bbfd-471f-ac16-6118937a6e7e#nlm34084-4
phenytoin (Dilantin, Phenytek)-associated sensory peripheral polyneuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=4a4c577d-9267-40eb-9ed9-09ceb6377026#nlm34084-4
trastuzumab (Herceptin)-associated motor neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=492dbdb2-077e-4064-bff3-372d6af0a7a2#nlm34084-4
trastuzumab (Herceptin)-associated sensory neuropathy AE
losartan potassium (Cozaar)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=3f60ac2e-031a-48fa-ab47-4e3aec49cb83#nlm34084-4
metolazone (Mykrox, Zaroxolyn)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=34868f95-78d0-4089-8cbd-bec1cb730eda#nlm34084-4
haloperidol (Haldol)-associated neurotoxicity AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=27cfe684-7d11-4f37-9c8b-b2bdd6b5348e#nlm34084-4
lomefloxacin hydrochloride (Maxaquin)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=173018f5-fd76-4480-90f8-4b7efe328444#nlm34084-4
ticlopidine (Ticlid)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=13d85420-75e2-46e7-93eb-dcd10675cd03#nlm34084-4
disulfiram (Antabuse)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=12850de3-c97c-42c1-b8d3-55dc6fd05750#nlm34084-4
nitrofurantoin macrocrystals (Macrodantin)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=013433a1-c27c-4712-a03b-0949b2969fbb#nlm34084-4
nitrofurantoin, monohydrate (Macrobid)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
fluconazole (Diflucan)-associated paresthesia AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=f694c617-3383-416c-91b6-b94fda371204&type=display
fludarabine phosphate-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=f1ffd18c-9f6b-4479-94b9-6890bc730ecc&type=display
fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic, Subsys, Fentora, Abstral)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=90b94524-f913-48b3-3771-7b2fcffd888a&type=display
insulin, protamine zinc, human 40 UNT/ML injectable suspension [ProZinc]-associated diabetic neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=8dbc0e47-8df9-4484-903b-70fdd26f7998&type=display
fluorouracil (Carac, Efudex, Fluoroplex, Adrucil)-associated neurotoxicity AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=8379f1db-4255-4285-abd3-8ecdcaf03372&type=display
carboplatin (Paraplatin)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=806736d3-215a-4df5-8187-97f2161e5a53&type=display
isoniazid (Nydrazid)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=77795c31-1cdf-4a20-b4a1-cd15f5b310f1&type=display
methotrexate (Rheumatrex, Trexall, Otrexup, Rasuvo)-associated neurotoxicity AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=6cf2e15a-6286-41f7-aa7d-3968d735c864&type=display
imipramine hydrochloride (Tofranil)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=2f7d5e7f-79aa-4f3a-b9a6-758d9f3ce74d&type=display
tamoxifen (Nolvadex, Soltamox)-associated neurotoxicity AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=063fa789-4570-4715-c3bd-1bad0449fb26&type=display
colchicine (Colcrys, Mitigare)-associated sensory motor neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ee1583ac-c308-4beb-b602-9ecac4977026#section-6
crizotinib (Xalkori)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/202570s003lbl.pdf
allopurinol (Zyloprim, Aloprim)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=73cd79c1-6bab-4d7b-ae8b-0176efbaf5b9#nlm34084-4
aldesleukin (Proleukin)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/103293s5130lbl.pdf
altretamine (Hexalen)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=8456a8db-a7f6-4bc0-86be-e9c8c374140b&type=display
amantadine (Symmetrel)-associated paresthesia AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=fc78c074-3ca8-4e29-9c18-8fab97558fc2&type=display
anastrozole (Arimidex)-associated paresthesia AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=03586c40-eb32-45c5-beb7-6762a6b78790&type=display
auranofin (Ridaura)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=05c34ddf-a0f7-4267-83f5-d02be3defc37&type=display
avanafil (Stendra)-associated non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/202276s001lbl.pdf
carfilzomib (Kyprolis)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/202714lbl.pdf
cladribine (Leustatin)-associated peripheral sensory neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=a2592a9b-bca6-4a5a-89c2-855a0634d5fe&type=display
cladribine (Leustatin)-associated motor neuropathy AE
cladribine (Leustatin)-associated polyneuropathy AE
etoposide (Vepesid, Etopophos)-associated peripheral neurotoxicity AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=e28c05f0-081f-406d-8bfb-9160a6908307&type=display
flecainide (Tambocor)-associated neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=fa68b35e-9f50-408b-9e70-e84cecf3fd6e&type=display
gold sodium thiomalate (Myochrysine)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=a29045b5-ba4f-407a-a0fd-3ef7e1ce64ee&type=display
iopamidol (Isovue)-associated paresthesia AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=416ab996-a2e8-4fe1-a9c9-f10b86df3bb5&type=display
lansoprazole (Prevacid)-associated paresthesia AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=924c5a35-4804-4e14-a2fc-2b84d186d257&type=display
methimazole (Tapazole)-associated paresthesia AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=dc92f45f-8d27-4dcb-b72d-6b8b04c6f0ce&type=display
protriptyline (Vivactil)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=700abc58-9362-4ef5-9d7a-dd3c4d364d0a&type=display
WEB: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=abd1f64e-4283-4370-aae8-3666316aa36e&type=display
teniposide (Vumon)-associated neurotoxicity AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020119s010s011lbl.pdf
teriflunomide (Aubagio)-associated peripheral neuropathy AE
WEB: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/202992s000lbl.pdf
A bodily process that is clinically abnormal.
A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed.
A quality in which events occur in sequence.
A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities.
A quality which inheres in a continuant.
Relational qualities are qualities that hold between multiple entities. Normal (monadic) qualities such as the shape of a eyeball exist purely as a quality of that eyeball. A relational quality such as sensitivity to light is a quality of that eyeball (and connecting nervous system) as it relates to incoming light waves/particles.
multiply inhering quality of a physical entity
(...) specific vertebrate traits within the chordate phylum such as skeletal tissues, PNS, and spectacular head and brain development, are linked to the NC (neural crest) and its derivatives.[well established][VHOG]
A major division of the nervous system that contains nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.
Nervous structures including ganglia outside of the central nervous system. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
Part of nervous system in which nerves extend throughout the body outside of the brain and spinal cord.[AAO]
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the part of the nervous system connected to the CNS which contains cranial nerves III - XII, spinal, peripheral and autonomic nerves. (CUMBO)
lateral part of the basal amygdalar nucleus
nucleus amygdalae basalis, pars lateralis
nucleus amygdaloideus basalis, pars lateralis magnocellularis
pars peripherica; systema nervosum periphericum
An organ that is capable of detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell.
Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP].
CARO does not include a generic 'organ' class, only simple and compound organ
Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
The stage of development at which the animal is fully formed, including immaturity and maturity. Includes both sexually immature stage, and adult stage.
A stage that is part of the embryo stage.
A life cycle stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the fully formed embryo.
In birds, the postnatal stage begins when the beak penetrates the shell (i.e., external pipping) (Brown et al. 1997)
stage succeeding embryo, including mature structure
An entire span of an organism's life, commencing with the zygote stage and ending in the death of the organism.
A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism.
we map the ZFS unknown stage here as it is logically equivalent to saying *some* life cycle stage
A stage at which the organism is a single cell produced by means of sexual reproduction.
As in all metazoans, eumetazoan development begins with a fertilized egg, or zygote.[well established][VHOG]
The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg; Stage consisting of division of cells in the early embryo. The zygotes of many species undergo rapid cell cycles with no significant growth, producing a cluster of cells the same size as the original zygote. The different cells derived from cleavage are called blastomeres and form a compact mass called the morula. Cleavage ends with the formation of the blastula.
An early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence.
consider adding a preceding stage 'morula stage' as part of cleavage
A stage defined by complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
Staged defined by the formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system.
A stage at which the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism.
Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence.
TODO - check relationship with epiblast. Note in FMA this is not a subclass of embryo, but in uberon embryo is the whole organism from zygote onwards and thus includes the blastula
Anatomical group that is has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity[CARO]. A group of organs that work together to perform a certain task [Wikipedia].
Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell.
TODO - split body and mc organism? body continues after death stage
Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another.
Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation.
changed label and definition to reflect CARO2
Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue.
Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant.
Obsoleted in ZFA. Note that embryo is not classified as an embryonic structure - an embryonic structure is only the parts of an embryo
A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the animal embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The three types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm.
Classically the germ layers are ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Alternatively: primary = ectoderm, endoderm; secondary=mesoderm; tertiary=dorsal mesoderm, NC[UBERONREF:0000002]
The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG]
Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue.
Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryonic germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue.[AAO]
Note that whilst this is classified as an organ, it is in fact more of a unit composed of different structures: in Drosophila, it includes the interommatidial bristle as a part; we consider here the vertebrate eye to include the eyeball/eye proper as a part, with the eye having as parts (when present): eyelids, conjuctiva,
This class encompasses a variety of light-detecting structures from different phyla with no implication of homology, from the compound insect eye to the vertebrate camera-type eye (distinct classes are provided for each)
A regulatory system of the body that consists of neurons and neuroglial cells. The nervous system is divided into two parts, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO]
Anatomical system consisting of nerve bodies and nerve fibers which regulate the response of the body to external and internal stimuli.[AAO]
Nervous systems evolved in the ancestor of Eumetazoa.[well established][VHOG]
The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO].
relationship type change: differentiates_from ectoderm (AAO:0000137) CHANGED TO: develops_from ectoderm (UBERON:0000924)[AAO]
(...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2); Taken together, our data make a very strong case that the complex molecular mediolateral architecture of the developing trunk CNS (central nervous system), as shared between Platynereis and vertebrates, was already present in their last common ancestor, Urbilateria. The concept of bilaterian nervous system centralization implies that neuron types concentrate on one side of the trunk, as is the case in vertebrates and many invertebrates including Platynereis, where they segregate and become spatially organized (as opposed to a diffuse nerve net). Our data reveal that a large part of the spatial organization of the annelid and vertebrate CNS was already present in their last common ancestor, which implies that Urbilateria had already possessed a CNS (reference 3).[well established][VHOG]
Part of the nervous system which includes the brain and spinal cord.[AAO]
The brain and spinal cord. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system which includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerve cell layer of the retina (CUMBO).
The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord[GO].
An early step in the evolution of neural crest, therefore, may have been the origin of a specific dorsal neural cell population contributing to sensory processing; this would predate the divergence of the amphioxus and vertebrate lineages.[well established][VHOG]
Anatomical system that overlaps the nervous system and is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information.
note the distinct between entire sensory system and individual system. this reconciles is_a and part_of distinctions between ssAOs
Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.
Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo.
Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[AAO]
Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[TAO]
Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[VSAO]
The sensory system subserving the sense of vision.
This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Sensory system responsible for the perception of spatial orientation and auditory stimuli.
The sensory system used for balance and hearing.[AAO]
In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast is a tissue type derived either from the inner cell mass in mammals or the blastodisc in birds and reptiles. It lies above the hypoblast. In mammalian embryogenesis, the columnar cells of the epiblast are adjacent to the trophoblast, while the cuboidal cells of the hypoblast are closer to the blastocoele. The epiblast, whilst referred to as the primary ectoderm, differentiates to form all three layers of the trilaminar germ disc in a process called gastrulation[WP]. The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation[ZFA]
In pregastrula zebrafish embryos, the epiblast is an inverted cup of cells that sits on top of a large yolk cell. (...) In amniote embryos (mammals and birds), gastrulation initiates in an epithelial layer called the epiblast. Cells in the epiblast undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), migrate through the primitive streak (PS), and incorporate in the middle (mesoderm) or outer (endoderm) layer. The presumptive definitive endoderm (DE) cells invade and displace an outer layer of extraembryonic tissue cells, the hypoblast in chick and the visceral endoderm (VE) in mouse, which form supporting structures such as the yolk sac.[uncertain][VHOG]
MP says - tissue that gives rise to the ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm of the embryo proper. In HOG, epiblast is part of primitive streak/blastpore, which is inconsistent with the MP definition of primitive streak as a ridge of the epiblast. Note that these terms, epiblast and hypoblast, are also used to describe layers of the avian embryonic blastoderm, but the layers so-named seem to be altogether different in these two kinds of vertebrate embryos(CVS). Consider obsoleting this as a grouping class
An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm.
Sum of all sensory systems in an organism.
A portion of tissue that is part of an embryo.
Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm.
Non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures.
An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part.
Anatomical structure, which consists of a specific set of the members of (predominantly) one organ or organ part subclass interconnected by zones of continuity or body substances; is demarcated from other subdivisions of the same organ system by one or more zones of continuity or anatomical lines; together with other subdivisions of the same organ system, it constitutes an organ system. Examples: rib cage, facial skeleton, portal system, central nervous system, upper respiratory tract, muscle group of back.
Primordium that develops into the central nervous system
Primordium that develops into the nervous system
example to be eventually removed
metadata complete
Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete.
organizational term
term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release
ready for release
Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release."
metadata incomplete
Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors.
uncurated
Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term.
pending final vetting
All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the definition editor.
to be replaced with external ontology term
Alan Ruttenberg
Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology.
requires discussion
A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues.
axiom holds for all times
bearer of at some time
Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'bearer of at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'bearer of@en'(x,y,t)
BFO2 Reference: independent continuant that is not a spatial region
(iff (bearerOfAt a b t) (and (specificallyDependsOnAt b a t) (IndependentContinuant a) (not (SpatialRegion a)) (existsAt b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [053-004]
BFO2 Reference: specifically dependent continuant
b bearer_of c at t =Def. c s-depends_on b at t & b is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [053-004])