euBusinessGraph ontology
type: Ontology
created: 2017-07-11
modified: 2018-02-21
version info: 1.0
preferred namespace prefix: ebg
status: UnderDevelopment
creator: businessgraph.io
creator: ontotext.com
publisher: businessgraph.io
comment: The euBusinessGraph (`ebg:`) ontology represents companies, type/status/economic classification, addresses, identifiers, (and soon) directors and CEOs, dataset offerings. It uses `schema:domain/rangeIncludes` (which are polymorphic) to describe which properties are applicable to a class, rather than `rdfs:domain/rainge` (which are monomorphic) to prescribe what classes must be applied to each node using a property. We find that this enables more flexible reuse and combination of different ontologies. We reuse the following ontologies and nomenclatures, and extend them where appropriate with classes and properties: - W3C Org, W3C RegOrg (basic company data), - W3C Time (officer membership), - W3C Locn (addresses), - schema.org (domain/rangeIncludes and various properties) - DBpedia ontology (jurisdiction) - NGEO and Spatial (NUTS administrative divisions) - ADMS (identifiers), - FOAF, SIOC (blog posts), - RAMON, SKOS (NACE economic classifications and various nomenclatures), - VOID (dataset descriptions). This is only a reference. See more detail in the [EBG Semantic Model](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dhMOTlIOC6dOK_jksJRX0CB-GIRoiYY6fWtCnZArUhU/edit) google document, which includes an informative description of classes and properties, gives examples and data provider rules, and provides more schema and instance diagrams. A couple of illustrations follow. #### Company ![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/euBusinessGraph/eubg-data/master/model/images/company.png) #### Identifier System ![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/euBusinessGraph/eubg-data/master/model/images/Identifiers-ORM.png) #### Dataset Descriptions Dataset Hierarchy ![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/euBusinessGraph/eubg-data/master/model/images/dataset-hierarchy.png) Dataset Metadata Details ![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/euBusinessGraph/eubg-data/master/model/images/dataset-details.png) Dataset Sources ![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/euBusinessGraph/eubg-data/master/model/imag…

NACE 2 classification
type: Concept Scheme
comment: Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community, Rev. 2 (2008)
source: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/nomenclatures/index.cfm#
creator: businessgraph.io
publisher: businessgraph.io
license: by
created: 2017-07-28
issued: 2017-07-28

LAU Regions
type: Dataset
comment: Local Administrative Units
source: local-administrative-units
creator: businessgraph.io
publisher: businessgraph.io
license: by
created: 2017-07-28
issued: 2017-07-28

Company type
type: Concept Scheme
comment: Company type (legal form) per jurisdiction
creator: businessgraph.io
publisher: businessgraph.io

Company status
type: Concept Scheme
comment: Company status, e.g. active, inactive. Unfortunately different providers use different definitions
creator: businessgraph.io
publisher: businessgraph.io

Geo Coordinate Resolution
type: Concept Scheme
comment: Resolution of a geographic coordinate location: from continent (least precise) to individual house number (most precise)
creator: businessgraph.io
publisher: businessgraph.io

Dataset type
type: Concept Scheme
comment: Company dataset type: freely avaialable, paid (advertised only), partition
creator: businessgraph.io
publisher: businessgraph.io

Freely available
type: Concept
in scheme: Dataset type

Paid (advertised only)
type: Concept
in scheme: Dataset type

Partition
type: Concept
in scheme: Dataset type
scope note: Used to describe dataset statistics. Not downloadable separately.

Concept
type: Class

Concept Scheme
type: Class

Language-Tagged String
type: Datatype

String
type: Datatype

Date
type: Datatype

Year
type: Datatype

Year-Month
type: Datatype

Identifier
type: Class
definition: Identifier of an entity (company, person) according to some identifier system.
scope note: The identifier value is recorded in skos:notation and the issuer/register in dct:creator.

identifier
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Registered Organization
domain includes: Identifier System
range includes: Identifier
definition: An identifier of a Company (the official identifier is rov:registration) or Identifier System / Register
scope note: This includes, but is not limited to: - Direct: Identifier in some aggregated dataset, where the official ID is part of the aggregation ID. - Indirect: Identifier in some aggregated dataset or for a website, where the aggregation ID bears no resemblance to the official ID - Multiple: Identifier that has a many-to-many relation with the company, i.e., a company may have several identifiers of the same kind, and the same identifier can be used by several companies.
example: Direct: EU VAT number (in those jurisdictions where it is used as the primary company identifier), BRIS id, OCORP id.
example: Indirect: GLEI LEI, SDATI Atoka ID.
example: Indirect: BG GUID 617f4edf8c154f4296efdf146513de21, which corresponds to official id 204060254 and can be used to reach the official register page for that company
example: Multiple: bank license, insurance license, license to trade dual-use goods (arms), Twitter account, Facebook account.
scope note: For Identifier Systems, we use codes issued by euBusinessGraph. For official Identifier Systems (country registers), we use the jurisdiction code (e.g. 'BG', 'GB'). For other identifier systems, we use a short mnemonic code: - upper-case for company registers (e.g. 'OCORP', 'SDATI', 'RAL', 'EU', 'BRIS'), - mixed-case for social network registers (eg 'Twitter', 'Facebook'). This code is used as the last URL part for identifiers issued in that system.

jurisdiction
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Registered Organization
domain includes: Identifier System
range includes: String
definition: Jurisdiction in which the company is registered or to which the identifier system applies.
scope note: For Europe, this is a country, even for Germany that has 166 separate registers (see Registration Authorities List). Many jurisdictions register foreign companies that are incorporated and fully owned in another country. EBG collects all registrations from each register and doesn't attempt to match foreign companies across jurisdictions.
scope note: If we know the official legal ID of the company, the jurisdiction code and official ID are used to form the company URL.
example: NO has type NUF 'Norskregistrert utenlandsk foretak'.
example: BG has many types, including a number of European companies.

author
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Identifier System
range includes: Person
range includes: Organization
definition: Agent who specified the rules and organisation of an Identifier System
example: W3C specified web URL rules
example: GLEIF specified LEI structure and rules, then formalied it as ISO 17442:2012 Financial services -- Legal Entity Identifier (LEI)
example: Dun and Bradstreet specified DUNS numbers
definition: Agent who specified the rules and organization of the identifier system
example: W3C or TimBL specified web URLs
example: GLEIF specified GLEI

issuer
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Identifier System
domain includes: Identifier
range includes: Person
range includes: Organization
definition: Agent that issues identifiers and then keeps them in a database (register), and who issued a specific identifier
example: Web URLs are not issued by any central agency and there is no register to consult.
example: Companies House is the issuer for the official UK identifier system.
example: Dun and Bradstreet issues DUNS numbers.
example: GLEI Foundation (GLEIF) issues identifiers for the world-wide GLEI register (through its Local Operating Units, LOU).
scope note: In many countries there is a single registry although in others, such as Spain and Germany, multiple registries exist. [rov:].
scope note: Many agencies keep several registries; this ontology doesn't distinguish between an identifier system and its register(s)
example: http://www.registryagency.bg keeps both Trade Register http://brra.bg for companies, and Bulstat Register http://www.bulstat.bg/ for other entities

identifier system publisher
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Identifier System
range includes: Person
range includes: Organization
definition: Agent that publishes an identifier database (register) in some form (i.e., printed form, online)
example: GLEIF publishes the GLEI openly, with a full dump that is updated regularly, which has spurned re-publishers such as http://openleis.com/ and http://glei.info.
example: Companies House and BRC publish the UK and NO registers openly.
example: DUNS numbers are not openly published.
scope note: Different functions and distributions can be considered (e.g. search or other query, per-company web resources, full download). Often but not always the issuer is also the publisher.

is part of
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Identifier
range includes: Identifier System
definition: The Identifier System this identifier is part of

issued on
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Identifier
range includes: Date
definition: When was the identifier was issued (start date).
scope note: This may or may not be the same as the Incorporation Date of the company. Even for the official registration, the two dates may differ, depending on business rules.

expires
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Identifier
range includes: Date
definition: Date when the identifier expires (end date)
scope note: This may or may not be the same as the dissolution date of the company. Even when it is about the official registration, the two dates may differ, depending on business rules.

Identifier System
type: Class
definition: A system managed by a publisher (e.g., a register or agency) that is used to issue identifiers to entities (companies, persons, etc).
scope note: Some agencies/registers keep several identifier systems; this ontology doesn't distinguish between an identifier system and its register(s)
example: http://www.registryagency.bg keeps the systems used by The Trade Register http://brra.bg for companies, and The Bulstat Register http://www.bulstat.bg/ for other entities

LAU Region
type: Class
comment: Local Administrative Unit
source: national-structures-eu
source: national-structures-non-eu
example: LAU1 BG: Общини (Obshtini)
example: LAU1 CH: Bezirke Districts Distretti
example: LAU1 CY: Επαρχίες (Eparchies)
example: LAU1 CZ: Okresy
example: LAU1 DE: Verwaltungs- gemeinschaften
example: LAU1 DK: Kommuner
example: LAU1 EE: Maakond
example: LAU1 EL: Δήμοι, Κοινότητες (Demoi, Koinotites)
example: LAU1 FI: Seutukunnat / Ekonomiska regioner
example: LAU1 FR: Cantons de rattachement
example: LAU1 HU: Statisztikai kistérségek
example: LAU1 IE: Counties, Cities
example: LAU1 IS: Landsvædi
example: LAU1 LI: Landschaften
example: LAU1 LT: Savivaldybės
example: LAU1 LU: Cantons
example: LAU1 ME: Општине (Opštine)
example: LAU1 MK: Општини (Opštini)
example: LAU1 MT: Distretti
example: LAU1 NO: Økonomiske regioner
example: LAU1 PL: Powiaty i miasta na prawach powiatu
example: LAU1 PT: Concelhos - Munícipios
example: LAU1 SI: Upravne enote
example: LAU1 SK: Okresy
example: LAU1 TR: Ilceler
example: LAU1 UK: Lower tier authorities (districts) or individual unitary authorities; Individual unitary authorities or LECs (or parts thereof); Districts
example: LAU2 AL: Bashki / Komunë
example: LAU2 AT: Gemeinden
example: LAU2 BE: Gemeenten / Communes
example: LAU2 BG: Населени места (Naseleni mesta)
example: LAU2 CH: Gemeinden Communes Comuni
example: LAU2 CY: Δήμοι, Κοινότητες (Dimoi, koinotites)
example: LAU2 CZ: Obce
example: LAU2 DE: Gemeinden
example: LAU2 DK: Sogne
example: LAU2 EE: Linn, vald
example: LAU2 EL: Δημοτικές / Τοπικές Κοινότητες (Dimotikes / Topikes Koinotites - Municipal / Local Communes)
example: LAU2 ES: Municipios
example: LAU2 FI: Kunnat / Kommuner
example: LAU2 FR: Communes
example: LAU2 HR: Gradovi i općine
example: LAU2 HU: Települések
example: LAU2 IE: Electoral Districts
example: LAU2 IS: Sveitarfélög
example: LAU2 IT: Comuni
example: LAU2 LI: Gemeinden
example: LAU2 LT: Seniūnijos
example: LAU2 LU: Communes
example: LAU2 LV: Republikas pilsētas, novadi
example: LAU2 ME: Насеља (Naselja)
example: LAU2 MK: Населени места (Naseleni mesta)
example: LAU2 MT: Kunsilli
example: LAU2 NL: Gemeenten
example: LAU2 NO: Kommuner
example: LAU2 PL: Gminy
example: LAU2 PT: Freguesias
example: LAU2 RO: Comuni + Municipiu + Orase
example: LAU2 SE: Kommuner
example: LAU2 SI: Občine
example: LAU2 SK: Obce
example: LAU2 TR: Köy
example: LAU2 UK: Wards (or parts thereof)

admin unit
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Address
range includes: NUTS Region
range includes: LAU Region
definition: Most specific administrative unit related to an address.
scope note: The lowest-level property of locn:adminUnitL1..2 and ebg:adminUnitL3..6. Used for faceting by place.

admin unit level 3
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Address
range includes: NUTS Region
scope note: Use a valid NUTS region. Eg Trentino-Alto Adige/Sudtirol (taken from the Geonames hierarchy above) is not a NUTS region.
definition: NUTS2 (administrative region) of the address.
example: nuts:ITC2 Valle d'Aosta/Vallée d'Aoste
example: nuts:ITH2 Provincia Autonoma di Trento

admin unit level 4
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Address
range includes: NUTS Region
definition: NUTS3 (Province) of the address.
example: nuts:ITH31 Verona
example: nuts:ITC20 Aosta

admin unit level 5
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Address
range includes: LAU Region
scope note: Some countries (e.g. Bulgaria) use both LAU1 and LAU2 levels. Others (e.g. Italy) use only LAU2.
definition: LAU1 (Municipality/Commune/Settlement) of the address.

admin unit level 6
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Address
range includes: LAU Region
scope note: Some countries (e.g. Bulgaria) use both LAU1 and LAU2 levels. Others (e.g. Italy) use only LAU2.
definition: LAU2 (Municipality/Commune/Settlement) of the address.

exclusion note
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Exclusion note of a NACE classification concept
domain includes: Concept
range includes: Language-Tagged String

geocoordinate resolution
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Geographic coordinates
definition: Resolution of a geographic coordinate location: from <resolution/L0> continent (least precise) to <resolution/L10> individual house number (most precise).
scope note: If geo coordinates are present, resolution must be present too, even if it's a guess. There is no default value.
scope note: Values must be mapped to the <resolution/> ConceptScheme (lookup list).

has enumerated identifiers
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Identifier System
range includes: boolean
definition: Whether the system has an Issuer and issued identifiers are kept in a database (register)
example: Every official register is enumerated
example: Websites are not enumerated

has immutable identifiers
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Identifier System
range includes: boolean
definition: whether identifiers can change
example: Some registers encode additional information within the identifier (e.g., some identifiers encode the economic sector of the company). In these cases the identifier changes when the extra information that is encoded changes (see “Dumb vs. Intelligent Identifiers” in Section 3.1.2.5).

is official in jurisdiction
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Identifier System
range includes: boolean
definition: Whether the system is considered the official one in all jurisdictions in which it applies.
example: False for Website, Twitter, Facebook in that they don't have any official status
example: True for UK Company House identifiers, the official register for the GB jurisdiction
example: False for GLEI, since it is not the official register for any of the world's jurisdictions
example: False for SDATI identifiers since the SDATI system is not official in Italy.

has persistent identifiers
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Identifier System
range includes: boolean
definition: Whether identifiers can be removed from the register (e.g., when a company is dissolved): such are not persistent
scope note: Some registers “remove” identifiers when the object they relate to is no longer active, whereas the best practice is to make such identifiers Obsolete.

is public
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Identifier System
range includes: boolean
definition: whether identifiers from the system are available for public use: consulting, search or download.
example: Italian (IT) company identifiers are public. Even though they are not published openly, they are available for a fee, and then can be used freely
example: DUNS identifiers are not public, even though there are limited lookup services (e.g., https://www.dnb.com/duns-number/lookup.html). Dun and Bradstreet does not allow their use en-masse.
scope note: Most public systems (but not all) will have some Publishers, and preferably some web resources.

is publicly traded
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Registered Organization
range includes: boolean
definition: Whether the company is publicly traded (listed at a stock exchange) [ebg:].

is startup
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Registered Organization
range includes: boolean
definition: Whether the company is a startup [ebg:]
example: A special section of the IT Business Register http://startup.registroimprese.it/ includes pitch, sectors and business model of startups and innovative SMEs

is single-valued
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Identifier System
range includes: boolean
definition: Whether each entity has only one identifier in the system
example: Company IDs are single-valued in most national registers. If two companies merge, the recessive company ID is usually deprecated.
example: Stock exchange tickers are not single-valued, since a company may have several tickers for different kinds of its stock.
example: Official person names are single-valued, since each person has one official name (but that can change over time).
example: Websites are not single-valued since a company may have several websites
scope note: Similar to owl:FunctionalProperty, and Wikidata Single Value constraint

is state owned
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Registered Organization
range includes: boolean
scope note: In many cases it's not possible to compute this attribute without access to the shareholder register, so it may be missing.
definition: Whether this organisation is owned by the government, a government agency, community, city or other public entity.
example: False for SpazioDati (a private company).
example: True for the Autonomous Province of Trento (local government).
example: True for the Norwegian company Statkraft (Norwegian state-owned company).

has unique identifiers
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Identifier System
range includes: boolean
definition: Whether each identifier in the system relates to only one entity
scope note: Similar to: owl:InverseFunctionalProperty, and Wikidata Distinct Values constraint
example: Company IDs are unique in most national registers: one ID cannot identify two companies
example: Stock exchange tickers are unique to each exchange (but a company can buy the ticker of another, i.e. the identity may change over time)
example: Person names are not unique since they are highly ambiguous
example: Websites are not unique since a website can be shared by several related companies

order
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Global order of a thesaurus concept respecting the hierarchical structure (depth-first traversal)
domain includes: Concept
range includes: integer

status text
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Registered Organization
range includes: Language-Tagged String
scope note: Include valid language tag (see [iana:] for list).
scope note: If both Status and Status Text are present, they must express compatible values (Status Text may be a finer-granularity value).
definition: Company status as it comes from the original register (free text).
example: Dissolved
example: Inactive
example: Revoked
example: Situation Normale @fr
example: En Liquidacion @es
example: Πτώχευση @el

type text
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Registered Organization
range includes: Language-Tagged String
scope note: Because of the difficulties of standardizing Type lookup, we include a free text field
scope note: Include valid language tag (see [iana:] for list).
scope note: If Type is also present, it must express the same value as Type Text.
definition: Company Type (Entity Legal Form) as reported by a national company registe (free text).
example: Private Limited Company
example: Дружество с ограничена отговорност @bg
example: Società a responsabilità limitata @it

identifier system RAL code
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Identifier System
range includes: String
definition: GLEI RAL code for the identifier system.
scope note: Used only for official registers.

replacement pattern
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Identifier System
range includes: String
definition: Pattern to use together with the Validation Regex to normalise identifier values by removing optional decorations
example: "$1$2$3" can be used together with the validationRegex "(\d{2})-?(\d{3})-?(\d{4})" to extract the pure digits from a DUNS number spelled with optional dashes (e.g. "36-032-1459" -> "360321459")

validation regex
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Identifier System
range includes: String
definition: Regular expression for validating identifier values within the system
example: "([A-Z]{2})/(\d+)" is a regex for the EU Value Added Tax (VIES) register, which consists of a member state code followed by slash and a national numeric identifier
example: "\d{9}" is a simple regex for validating DUNS numbers
example: "(\d{2})-?(\d{3})-?(\d{4})" is a regex for validating DUNS numbers that may include optional dashes in the indicated positions (e.g. "36-032-1459")

validation rule
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Identifier System
range includes: Resource
definition: URL providing human or machine-readable rule(s) for validating identifiers in the system
example: http://bsv-bg.com/контролни-цифри-ползвани-в-българия/ describes the BG EIK checksum algorithm in HTML
example: http://www.nsi.bg/sites/default/files/konkursi/RGP_OPAK_2014_Annex_6.pdf describes the BG EIK checksum algorithm in PDF. It is by an official source, but is less convenient
scope note: Can be in the form of webpage, PDF document, RDF shape, etc. Multiple values about the same validation rule are ok.

Web Resource
type: Class
definition: URL complemented with name, language and MIME type(s) to specify what the URL is about

web resource
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Identifier System
domain includes: Dataset
range includes: Web Resource
definition: Web resource associated with an identifier system.
example: https://brra.bg is the homepage of BG TR.
example: http://opendata.government.bg/dataset/tbprobckn-pernctbp is the open data download site for BG TR.
example: https://kbopub.economie.fgov.be/kbopub/zoeknummerform.html is the search URL for BE Banque-Carrefour des Entreprises.

name
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Web Resource
domain includes: Identifier Web Resource
range includes: String
range includes: Language-Tagged String
definition: Name or short (generic) description of the resource
scope note: Provide this since it's useful to the user. Can provide it in several languages, in which case the language tag should be specified
example: Homepage
example: Search
example: Download
example: Company data

MIME Type
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Web Resource
domain includes: Identifier Web Resource
range includes: String
range includes: Resource
definition: MIME type of the resource. If several are provided, the server must provide all these resource types using Content Negotiation
example: text/html
example: application/xml
example: application/rdf+xml
example: text/turtle
example: text/csv
example: text/tab-separated-values
example: For a search page, use the custom type "application/x-search"
example: For a Description document supporting the OpenSearch standard, use <http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearch/1.1/>

language
type: DatatypeProperty
definition: Language of the web resource
scope note: Use a valid [iana:] language code from the IETF BCP 47 standard

Identifier Web Resource
type: Class
definition: URL template complemented with name, language and MIME type(s) to specify what the URL is about. Substitute the identifier value into the template
scope note: This class has ebg:urlTemplate, and the same general properties as Web Resource: name, MIME type, language

identifier web resource
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Identifier System
range includes: Identifier Web Resource
definition: Web resource associated with an identifier system
scope note: Specifies a template that can be used uniformly to build URLs for all identifiers in the system.
example: 'https://opencorporates.com/companies/{}' with MIME type 'text/html'
example: 'https://opencorporates.com/companies/{}.xml' with MIME type 'application/xml'
example: 'https://opencorporates.com/companies/{}.json' with MIME type 'application/json'
example: 'https://opencorporates.com/companies/{}.rdf' with MIME type 'application/rdf+xml'

URL template
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Identifier Web Resource
range includes: String
definition: URL template of an identifier web resource. If it has a placeholder {}, substitute the identifier value there. If it has placeholders like $1, $2… substitute the groups extracted by ebg:validationRegex
example: For BE Banque-Carrefour des Entreprises, "https://kbopub.economie.fgov.be/kbopub/toonondernemingps.html?ondernemingsnummer={}" with MIME type "text/html" shows a web page for the company.
example: For the EU Value Added Tax (VIES) register, "http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/vies/vatResponse.html?memberStateCode=$1&number=$2" with MIME type "text/html" shows a web page for an identifier that can be parsed with ebg:validationRegex "([A-Z]{2})/(\d+)". Here $1 is the member state code, and $2 is the national company id
example: For OCORP, 'https://opencorporates.com/companies/{}' returns company data with MIME type 'text/html'
example: For OCORP, 'https://opencorporates.com/companies/{}.xml' returns company data with MIME type 'application/xml'
example: For OCORP, 'https://opencorporates.com/companies/{}.json' returns company data with MIME type 'application/json'
example: For OCORP, 'https://opencorporates.com/companies/{}.rdf' returns company data with MIME type 'application/rdf+xml'
example: For BR, "http://data.brreg.no/enhetsregisteret/enhet/{}" with either "application/xml" or "application/json" returns the respective MIME type using Content Negotiation

Address
type: Class
definition: Mailing or physical address of a company
scope note: Should be linked as registered address (one) or other address (multiple).
scope note: Every data provider should strive to provide NUTS3 for each address. This can be done in cooperation, using the techniques described in Address Calculations above.

address area (neighbourhood/quarter)
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Address
range includes: String
range includes: Language-Tagged String
definition: Part of a city, village or neighborhood.
scope note: Not likely to appear, but we have Coordinate resolution corresponding to this field.

admin unit level 1
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Address
range includes: NUTS Region
definition: Country of the address
example: nuts:IT (Italy).

admin unit level 2
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Address
range includes: NUTS Region
definition: NUTS1 (Macroregion) of the address.
example: nuts:ITC NORD-OVEST (Nord-est).

full address
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Address
range includes: String
range includes: Language-Tagged String
definition: Full address, free text.
example: Aston House, Cornwall Avenue, London N3 1LF, UK
example: Via Belenzani 19, 38122, Trento

locator designator (street number)
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Address
range includes: String
scope note: Not likely to appear separately, but we have Coordinate resolution corresponding to this field.
definition: Street number and/or building name.
example: 47A
example: Polygraphia Office Center, floor 4

post office box
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Address
range includes: String
definition: Some addresses are associated with a PO box instead of a street address.

post code
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Address
range includes: String
definition: Postal code of the address.
scope note: If possible, a European postal code should correspond to the fixed values given in NUTS Downloads, so we can correlate it to a NUTS region.

post name (locality/city/settlement)
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Address
range includes: String
range includes: Language-Tagged String
scope note: Provide a language tag if possible. If both ebg:adminUnitL6 and locn:postName are specified, they should correspond to each other.
definition: Locality/City/Settlement of the address, free text.
example: Trento @it
example: Тренто @bg

thoroughfare (street address)
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Address
range includes: String
range includes: Language-Tagged String
scope note: It is ok if the street number is also here, because many systems do not enter the number separately. There may be several concatenated lines, separated with newlines.
definition: Street name and optionally number.
example: Via Belenzani 19
example: Polygraphia Office Center, floor 4 47A Tsarigradsko Shosse

registered site/address
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Registered Organization
range includes: Address
definition: Public legal address where legal papers can be served.
scope note: org:hasRegisteredSite leads to a node with types org:Site and locn:Address that has self-link org:siteAddress.

site/address
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Registered Organization
range includes: Site
scope note: org:hasSite leads to a node with types org:Site & locn:Address that has self-link org:siteAddress. org:hasRegisteredSite is declared a sub-property of org:hasSite, so querying by org:hasSite will obtain all addresses.
definition: Other address/location associated to an organisation.

site's address
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Site
range includes: Address
scope note: EBG doesn't need the distinction between org:Site and locn:Address, so we use one node having both types, and a self-link org:siteAddress

Site
type: Class
definition: An office or other premise at which the organization is located. Many organizations are spread across multiple sites and many sites will host multiple locations. In most cases a Site will be a physical location. However, we don't exclude the possibility of non-physical sites such as a virtual office with an associated post box and phone reception service [org:]
scope note: EBG doesn't need the distinction between org:Site and locn:Address, so we use one node having both types, and a self link org:siteAddress

NUTS Region
type: Class

code
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: NUTS/LAU Code of an administrative region
domain includes: NUTS Region
domain includes: LAU Region
range includes: String

concept level
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Hierarchical level of a thesaurus concept
domain includes: Concept
range includes: integer

admin region level
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Level of an administrative region: NUTS1..3=1..3, LAU1..2=4..5
domain includes: NUTS Region
domain includes: LAU Region
range includes: integer

admin region name
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Name of an administrative region or settlement
domain includes: NUTS Region
domain includes: LAU Region
range includes: Language-Tagged String

Registered Organization
type: Class
scope note: Registered organizations are the main entities that euBusinessGraph works with (the project is not concerned with unregistered informal groups). The borderline between public organizations and commercial companies is not always clear-cut (a company may be partially owned by government, and e.g. Public-Private-Partnerships are a prime example), so the project may deal with some organizations that are not companies. But for brevity and convenience we often call them Companies [ebg:].
definition: An organization that gains legal entity status by the act of registration. Compare to org:FormalOrganization that applies to any legal entity, including those created by other legal means. Registered organizations are distinct from the broader concept of organizations, groups or, in some jurisdictions, sole traders. Many organizations exist that are not legal entities yet to the outside world they have staff, hierarchies, locations etc. Other organizations exist that are an umbrella for several legal entities (universities are often good examples of this) [rov:]. A legal person or structure that is organized under the laws of any jurisdiction [lei-elf:].
example: All financial intermediaries.
example: Banks and finance companies.
example: All entities that issue equity, debt or other securities for other capital structures.
example: All entities listed on an exchange.
example: All entities that trade stock or debt, investment vehicles, including mutual funds, pension funds and alternative investment vehicles constituted as corporate entities or collective investment agreements (including umbrella funds as well as funds under an umbrella structure, hedge funds, private equity funds, etc.).
example: All entities under the purview of a financial regulator and their affiliates, subsidiaries and holding companies.
example: Counterparties to financial transactions.

legal name
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Registered Organization
range includes: Language-Tagged String
scope note: A business may have more than one legal name, particularly in jurisdictions with more than one official language (e.g. Belgium). Some registries also treat a transliterated name as official (e.g. Онтотекст vs Ontotext) [ebg:]
scope note: Provide a legal language tag (see [iana:] for a list) if possible.
scope note: Don't allow leading, trailing and two consecutive spaces.
definition: The legal name of the business, i.e. official name of the company [ebg:]
example: Ontotext
example: PROGIENE 2.000 I PROFESSIONISTI DELL'IGIENE S.R.L. ENUNCIABILE ANCHE: PROGIENE 2.000 S.R.L. @it
example: CHRINON LTD
example: Онтотекст @bg

economic activity
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Registered Organization
range includes: Concept
definition: Economic activity of the organization (NACE code)
scope note: Recorded using a controlled vocabulary: EC NACE 2. Values should be like nace:A, nace:42.50, etc
scope note: More detailed national classifications could also useful (e.g. IT ATECO, UK SIC, BG NKID) but are not supported for now. Providers should drop eventual NACE National Extensions trailing digits.
scope note: Values are taken from the euBusinessGraph NACE ConceptScheme. URL template: nace:([A-Z]|[0-9]{2}|[0-9]{2}\.[0-9]{1,2}). Providers must use exact codes of the specified form
scope note: Only the most specific classification code(s) should be provided since we have a skos:broader hierarchy.

economic activity transitive
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Registered Organization
range includes: Concept
definition: Economic activity of the organization (all hierarchical NACE codes)
scope note: Transive closure of rov:orgActivity along the skos:broader hierarchy

economic activity text
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Registered Organization
range includes: Language-Tagged String
definition: Economic activity of the organization (free text)
scope note: Such field is widely used in some countries (e.g. BG) and may include much richer info than rov:orgActivity
example: NACE = 72.19 Scientific research and development in the field of natural, medical, agricultural and technical sciences, without biotechnology
example: Free text = Development, exploration and production of opto-electronic systems for analogue and digital holographic recording, interferometric measurement of mechanical characteristics and biological objects at micro and macro level, refractometers, light-sensitive materials for holographic recording, blueprints of museum exhibits, artworks and collection surveys, production of holographic illustrations for students, albums, advertising, souvenirs and others, design and manufacture of holographic optical elements with a wide spectrum of applications, marketing and sale of holographic products, consulting, training and promotion of holographic methods and technologies, mediation, brokerage, and **any other activity not prohibited** by Bulgarian legislation.

status
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Registered Organization
scope note: There is no globally accepted list of company states. For Inactive, some look at hard evidence (the company has been deregistered), others at a long period of inactivity (dormant). Because of this, a user cannot assume that Active and Inactive are opposites.
scope note: A Best Practice for recording status levels is to use the relevant jurisdiction's terms and to encode these in a SKOS Concept Scheme [rov:].
definition: Flag that identifies whether a company is active or not [ebg:]. The operational and/or legal registration status of the entity [lei:].
example: 'insolvent', 'bankrupt', 'in receivership': likely to mean slightly different things with different legal implications in different jurisdictions [rov:].
example: 'Normal Activity': does appear to have cross-border usefulness and this should be used in preference to terms like 'trading' or 'operating' [rov:].
example: 'Actively trading' vs 'Dormant' vs 'Unregistered' could be considered the 3 main divisions of Status.

type
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Registered Organization
definition: Company Type (Legal Form of the entity)
scope note: There is no agreed set of company types that crosses borders [rov:]. Each jurisdiction will have a limited set of recognized company types and these should be expressed in a consistent manner in a SKOS Concept Scheme [rov:]. Code lists of euBusinessGraph data providers were collected and published in the project repository.
scope note: The types may form a hierarchy, but each company can have maximum one value. E.g. for Italy: Società Di Capitale > Società a responsabilità limitata [ebg:]
scope note: In addition or alternatively to this field, ebg:orgTypeText may be used.

official registration
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Registered Organization
range includes: Identifier
definition: Identifier that holds the official company registration in its jurisdiction of registration. It establishes the legal existence of the company.
scope note: This is a sub-property of adms:identifier, and should be an adms:Identifier pointing to an official ebg:IdentifierSystem. So it holds redundant information, but this is done for compatibility with the Registered Organization vocabulary.
scope note: In some cases we may not have info about the official registration, though "it is questionable whether a description of a registered organization without this property and an associated Identifier class will be of any value" [rov:]

Geographic coordinates
type: Class
definition: Geographic coordinates, eg of a geo-located address.

language
type: DatatypeProperty
definition: Languages used by the organization.
domain includes: Registered Organization
range includes: String
scope note: Deduced from languages appearing in web resources related to the organisation (e.g. corporate websites, social network accounts, etc.).
scope note: The value should be from the [iana:] list: ISO 639-1 codes, optionally followed by region of use.
scope note: Currently this data is provided by SDATI, for matching company entities only.
example: en
example: it
example: zh-CN

dissolution date
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Registered Organization
range includes: Date
range includes: Year-Month
range includes: Year
definition: Date when the organization was dissolved or removed from register.
scope note: Should have a valid XSD datatype.
example: 2010-11-18
example: 2010-11
example: 2010

dissolution year
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Registered Organization
range includes: integer
definition: Year the organization was dissolved or deregistered, as integer.
scope note: Used for faceting.

founding date
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Registered Organization
range includes: Date
range includes: Year-Month
range includes: Year
definition: Date when the organization was created.
scope note: Should have a valid XSD datatype.
example: 2010-11-18
example: 2010-11
example: 2010

founding year
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Registered Organization
range includes: integer
definition: Year the organization was created, as integer.
scope note: Used for faceting.

certified email address
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Registered Organization
range includes: Resource
scope note: euBusinessGraph does not record other company emails, so there is no need to distinguish between different kinds
scope note: The value should be a mailto: URL.
defintion: Email that is officially registered and with the same validity as certified (snail) mail.

geographic coordinates
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Address
range includes: Geographic coordinates
definition: Geographic coordinates, eg of a geo-located address.
scope note: If data is integrated from several providers, we may end up with multiple coordinate pairs in that node, which will need to be resolved into one.

latitude
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Geographic coordinates
range includes: decimal
scope note: Coordinates must be expressed in the WGS 84 system.
scope note: If no coordinates are available, do not make a schema:GeoCoordinates node.

longitude
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Geographic coordinates
range includes: decimal
scope note: Coordinates must be expressed in the WGS 84 system.
scope note: If no coordinates are available, do not make a schema:GeoCoordinates node.

license
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Identifier System
domain includes: Dataset
range includes: Resource
definition: License that applies to an identifier system or dataset
scope note: If possible, use established license URLs, e.g. from https://creativecommons.org/ or http://rightsstatements.org/

wikipedia page
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Registered Organization
range includes: Resource
definition: Wikipedia page pertaining to the company.
example: Trento

website
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Registered Organization
domain includes: Web Resource
range includes: Resource
definition: Website pertaining to the company or URL of a web resource
example: www.comune.trento.it
example: For system BG TR, <https://brra.bg> with language "bg" and MIME type "text/html" is the homepage
example: For system BG TR, <http://opendata.government.bg/dataset/tbprobckn-pernctbp> with language "bg" and MIME type "application/xml" is open data download in XML
example: For system BE Banque-Carrefour des Entreprises, <https://kbopub.economie.fgov.be/kbopub/zoeknummerform.html> with MIME type "application/x-search" is the search URL

news/blog feed
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Registered Organization
range includes: Resource
definition: RSS/Atom feed pertaining to the company.
example: feed

alt label (trade name)
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Registered Organization
range includes: Language-Tagged String
range includes: String
definition: Informal/popular name of the company (also called Trading As) [ebg:]. Sometimes (e.g., when the legal name is very long) people refer to a company using a different, informal version [ebg:]. Some jurisdictions recognize concepts such as a trading name or alternative forms of a legal entity's name [rov:].
scope note: Do not emit such name if it's equal to the legal name [ebg:].
scope note: Do not use this property to record translations of the primary legal name [rov:].
scope note: Provide a valid language tag if possible (see [iana:] for a list).
scope note: Don't allow leading, trailing and two consecutive spaces.
example: PROGIENE 2.000 I PROFESSIONISTI DELL'IGIENE SRL @it
example: OpenCorporates

notation (identifier value)
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Identifier
domain includes: Identifier System
range includes: String
definition: Literal value of the identifier.
scope note: Should not include leading, trailing and consecutive spaces, to facilitate exact match.
scope note: adms:Identifier recommends that this value should be "datatyped with the identifier scheme (including the version number if appropriate)". However, we decided not to do this because: - One cannot search by exact literal value unless one also knows the datatype URL - Currently we do not plan to maintain different identifier system versions
scope note: Codes for Identifier Systems are issued locally by euBusinessGraph. For identifier systems published by the sole or preferred official register in a jurisdiction, we use the jurisdiction code (e.g. "BG", "GB"). For others, if the identifier system has no explicit name, we use a short mnemonic code of the publisher: - upper-case for company registers (e.g. "OCORP", "SDATI", "RAL", "EU", "BRIS"), - mixed-case for social network registers (e.g. "Twitter", "Facebook").

preferred name
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Identifier System
domain includes: Registered Organization
range includes: Language-Tagged String
range includes: String
definition: A single preferred name of a company or identifier system (preferably English).
scope note: Used as a display name of the company or identifier system. For companies we usually pick one of the Registered Names (English if present, else at random). For identifier systems, we use a commonly used English name.

Officer
type: Class
definition: An officer is a natural person (as opposed to a legal person) [person:] that has a high-level management role in a Company (e.g., the CEO, treasurer and chief financial officer). Despite their high status, they typically serve at the will of the corporate directors, who can fire or replace them. Officers can also be shareholders and directors but don't necessarily have to be. They have the authority to act on behalf of the corporation, including contract authority.

birth name
type: DatatypeProperty
domain includes: Officer
range includes: String
definition: The legal name of the person which is usually determined at or around birth, usually persistent and for this reason usually recorded by some official registers. Although birth names tend to be persistent we do not assume this has to be the case.
example: Michele Barbera

Membership
type: Class
definition: represents the relation between an organisation and a member of that organisation.
scope note: it is acceptable to use the same Membership node for several officers, if they had exactly the same role and membership interval (e.g. in many countries the Board is appointed and discharged at the same interval, namely between AGMs of the company)

company
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Membership
range includes: Organization
definition: Points to the company the membership is about

member
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Membership
range includes: Officer
definition: The officer that the membership is about

duration
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Membership
range includes: Interval
definition: Interval (beginning and end) of the membership relation. May be an open interval.
scope note: for the common case of missing time, we prefer to use xsd:date rather than completing it with a fake null time, eg "<date>T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime.

Role
type: Class
definition: Denotes a role that a Person can take in an organization.
scope note: Instances of this class describe the abstract role; to denote a specific instance of a person playing that role in a specific organization use an instance of org:Membership.

role
type: ObjectProperty
domain includes: Membership
range includes: Role
definition: The role played by the officer in the membership