The euBusinessGraph (`ebg:`) ontology represents companies, type/status/economic classification, addresses, identifiers, (and soon) directors and CEOs, dataset offerings. It uses `schema:domain/rangeIncludes` (which are polymorphic) to describe which properties are applicable to a class, rather than `rdfs:domain/rainge` (which are monomorphic) to prescribe what classes must be applied to each node using a property. We find that this enables more flexible reuse and combination of different ontologies. We reuse the following ontologies and nomenclatures, and extend them where appropriate with classes and properties: - W3C Org, W3C RegOrg (basic company data), - W3C Time (officer membership), - W3C Locn (addresses), - schema.org (domain/rangeIncludes and various properties) - DBpedia ontology (jurisdiction) - NGEO and Spatial (NUTS administrative divisions) - ADMS (identifiers), - FOAF, SIOC (blog posts), - RAMON, SKOS (NACE economic classifications and various nomenclatures), - VOID (dataset descriptions). This is only a reference. See more detail in the [EBG Semantic Model](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dhMOTlIOC6dOK_jksJRX0CB-GIRoiYY6fWtCnZArUhU/edit) google document, which includes an informative description of classes and properties, gives examples and data provider rules, and provides more schema and instance diagrams. A couple of illustrations follow. #### Company ![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/euBusinessGraph/eubg-data/master/model/images/company.png) #### Identifier System ![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/euBusinessGraph/eubg-data/master/model/images/Identifiers-ORM.png) #### Dataset Descriptions Dataset Hierarchy ![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/euBusinessGraph/eubg-data/master/model/images/dataset-hierarchy.png) Dataset Metadata Details ![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/euBusinessGraph/eubg-data/master/model/images/dataset-details.png) Dataset Sources ![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/euBusinessGraph/eubg-data/master/model/images/dataset-sources.png) Dataset Statistics ![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/euBusinessGraph/eubg-data/master/model/images/dataset-stats.png) #### Officers In development. Below are 5 examples from 2 datasets (OCORP GB and ONTO BG). See [officers.md](https://github.com/euBusinessGraph/eubg-data/blob/master/model/officers.md) for some notes. ![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/euBusinessGraph/eubg-data/master/model/images/officers.png)
Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community, Rev. 2 (2008)
Company type (legal form) per jurisdiction
Company status, e.g. active, inactive. Unfortunately different providers use different definitions
Resolution of a geographic coordinate location: from continent (least precise) to individual house number (most precise)
Company dataset type: freely avaialable, paid (advertised only), partition
Used to describe dataset statistics. Not downloadable separately.
Identifier of an entity (company, person) according to some identifier system.
The identifier value is recorded in skos:notation and the issuer/register in dct:creator.
An identifier of a Company (the official identifier is rov:registration) or Identifier System / Register
This includes, but is not limited to: - Direct: Identifier in some aggregated dataset, where the official ID is part of the aggregation ID. - Indirect: Identifier in some aggregated dataset or for a website, where the aggregation ID bears no resemblance to the official ID - Multiple: Identifier that has a many-to-many relation with the company, i.e., a company may have several identifiers of the same kind, and the same identifier can be used by several companies.
Direct: EU VAT number (in those jurisdictions where it is used as the primary company identifier), BRIS id, OCORP id.
Indirect: BG GUID 617f4edf8c154f4296efdf146513de21, which corresponds to official id 204060254 and can be used to reach the official register page for that company
Multiple: bank license, insurance license, license to trade dual-use goods (arms), Twitter account, Facebook account.
For Identifier Systems, we use codes issued by euBusinessGraph. For official Identifier Systems (country registers), we use the jurisdiction code (e.g. 'BG', 'GB'). For other identifier systems, we use a short mnemonic code: - upper-case for company registers (e.g. 'OCORP', 'SDATI', 'RAL', 'EU', 'BRIS'), - mixed-case for social network registers (eg 'Twitter', 'Facebook'). This code is used as the last URL part for identifiers issued in that system.
Jurisdiction in which the company is registered or to which the identifier system applies.
For Europe, this is a country, even for Germany that has 166 separate registers (see Registration Authorities List). Many jurisdictions register foreign companies that are incorporated and fully owned in another country. EBG collects all registrations from each register and doesn't attempt to match foreign companies across jurisdictions.
If we know the official legal ID of the company, the jurisdiction code and official ID are used to form the company URL.
NO has type NUF 'Norskregistrert utenlandsk foretak'.
BG has many types, including a number of European companies.
Agent who specified the rules and organisation of an Identifier System
GLEIF specified LEI structure and rules, then formalied it as ISO 17442:2012 Financial services -- Legal Entity Identifier (LEI)
Dun and Bradstreet specified DUNS numbers
Agent that issues identifiers and then keeps them in a database (register), and who issued a specific identifier
Web URLs are not issued by any central agency and there is no register to consult.
Companies House is the issuer for the official UK identifier system.
GLEI Foundation (GLEIF) issues identifiers for the world-wide GLEI register (through its Local Operating Units, LOU).
In many countries there is a single registry although in others, such as Spain and Germany, multiple registries exist. [rov:].
Many agencies keep several registries; this ontology doesn't distinguish between an identifier system and its register(s)
http://www.registryagency.bg keeps both Trade Register http://brra.bg for companies, and Bulstat Register http://www.bulstat.bg/ for other entities
Agent that publishes an identifier database (register) in some form (i.e., printed form, online)
GLEIF publishes the GLEI openly, with a full dump that is updated regularly, which has spurned re-publishers such as http://openleis.com/ and http://glei.info.
Companies House and BRC publish the UK and NO registers openly.
Different functions and distributions can be considered (e.g. search or other query, per-company web resources, full download). Often but not always the issuer is also the publisher.
The Identifier System this identifier is part of
When was the identifier was issued (start date).
This may or may not be the same as the Incorporation Date of the company. Even for the official registration, the two dates may differ, depending on business rules.
Date when the identifier expires (end date)
This may or may not be the same as the dissolution date of the company. Even when it is about the official registration, the two dates may differ, depending on business rules.
A system managed by a publisher (e.g., a register or agency) that is used to issue identifiers to entities (companies, persons, etc).
Some agencies/registers keep several identifier systems; this ontology doesn't distinguish between an identifier system and its register(s)
http://www.registryagency.bg keeps the systems used by The Trade Register http://brra.bg for companies, and The Bulstat Register http://www.bulstat.bg/ for other entities
LAU1 EL: Δήμοι, Κοινότητες (Demoi, Koinotites)
LAU1 FI: Seutukunnat / Ekonomiska regioner
LAU1 PL: Powiaty i miasta na prawach powiatu
LAU1 UK: Lower tier authorities (districts) or individual unitary authorities; Individual unitary authorities or LECs (or parts thereof); Districts
LAU2 BG: Населени места (Naseleni mesta)
LAU2 CY: Δήμοι, Κοινότητες (Dimoi, koinotites)
LAU2 EL: Δημοτικές / Τοπικές Κοινότητες (Dimotikes / Topikes Koinotites - Municipal / Local Communes)
LAU2 MK: Населени места (Naseleni mesta)
Most specific administrative unit related to an address.
The lowest-level property of locn:adminUnitL1..2 and ebg:adminUnitL3..6. Used for faceting by place.
Use a valid NUTS region. Eg Trentino-Alto Adige/Sudtirol (taken from the Geonames hierarchy above) is not a NUTS region.
NUTS2 (administrative region) of the address.
Some countries (e.g. Bulgaria) use both LAU1 and LAU2 levels. Others (e.g. Italy) use only LAU2.
LAU1 (Municipality/Commune/Settlement) of the address.
LAU2 (Municipality/Commune/Settlement) of the address.
Exclusion note of a NACE classification concept
Resolution of a geographic coordinate location: from <resolution/L0> continent (least precise) to <resolution/L10> individual house number (most precise).
If geo coordinates are present, resolution must be present too, even if it's a guess. There is no default value.
Values must be mapped to the <resolution/> ConceptScheme (lookup list).
Whether the system has an Issuer and issued identifiers are kept in a database (register)
Some registers encode additional information within the identifier (e.g., some identifiers encode the economic sector of the company). In these cases the identifier changes when the extra information that is encoded changes (see “Dumb vs. Intelligent Identifiers” in Section 3.1.2.5).
Whether the system is considered the official one in all jurisdictions in which it applies.
False for Website, Twitter, Facebook in that they don't have any official status
True for UK Company House identifiers, the official register for the GB jurisdiction
False for GLEI, since it is not the official register for any of the world's jurisdictions
False for SDATI identifiers since the SDATI system is not official in Italy.
Whether identifiers can be removed from the register (e.g., when a company is dissolved): such are not persistent
Some registers “remove” identifiers when the object they relate to is no longer active, whereas the best practice is to make such identifiers Obsolete.
whether identifiers from the system are available for public use: consulting, search or download.
Italian (IT) company identifiers are public. Even though they are not published openly, they are available for a fee, and then can be used freely
DUNS identifiers are not public, even though there are limited lookup services (e.g., https://www.dnb.com/duns-number/lookup.html). Dun and Bradstreet does not allow their use en-masse.
Most public systems (but not all) will have some Publishers, and preferably some web resources.
Whether the company is publicly traded (listed at a stock exchange) [ebg:].
A special section of the IT Business Register http://startup.registroimprese.it/ includes pitch, sectors and business model of startups and innovative SMEs
Whether each entity has only one identifier in the system
Company IDs are single-valued in most national registers. If two companies merge, the recessive company ID is usually deprecated.
Stock exchange tickers are not single-valued, since a company may have several tickers for different kinds of its stock.
Official person names are single-valued, since each person has one official name (but that can change over time).
Websites are not single-valued since a company may have several websites
Similar to owl:FunctionalProperty, and Wikidata Single Value constraint
In many cases it's not possible to compute this attribute without access to the shareholder register, so it may be missing.
Whether this organisation is owned by the government, a government agency, community, city or other public entity.
False for SpazioDati (a private company).
True for the Autonomous Province of Trento (local government).
True for the Norwegian company Statkraft (Norwegian state-owned company).
Whether each identifier in the system relates to only one entity
Similar to: owl:InverseFunctionalProperty, and Wikidata Distinct Values constraint
Company IDs are unique in most national registers: one ID cannot identify two companies
Stock exchange tickers are unique to each exchange (but a company can buy the ticker of another, i.e. the identity may change over time)
Person names are not unique since they are highly ambiguous
Websites are not unique since a website can be shared by several related companies
Global order of a thesaurus concept respecting the hierarchical structure (depth-first traversal)
Include valid language tag (see [iana:] for list).
If both Status and Status Text are present, they must express compatible values (Status Text may be a finer-granularity value).
Company status as it comes from the original register (free text).
Dissolved
Inactive
Revoked
Situation Normale
En Liquidacion
Πτώχευση
Because of the difficulties of standardizing Type lookup, we include a free text field
If Type is also present, it must express the same value as Type Text.
Company Type (Entity Legal Form) as reported by a national company registe (free text).
Private Limited Company
Дружество с ограничена отговорност
Società a responsabilità limitata
GLEI RAL code for the identifier system.
Pattern to use together with the Validation Regex to normalise identifier values by removing optional decorations
"$1$2$3" can be used together with the validationRegex "(\d{2})-?(\d{3})-?(\d{4})" to extract the pure digits from a DUNS number spelled with optional dashes (e.g. "36-032-1459" -> "360321459")
Regular expression for validating identifier values within the system
"([A-Z]{2})/(\d+)" is a regex for the EU Value Added Tax (VIES) register, which consists of a member state code followed by slash and a national numeric identifier
"\d{9}" is a simple regex for validating DUNS numbers
"(\d{2})-?(\d{3})-?(\d{4})" is a regex for validating DUNS numbers that may include optional dashes in the indicated positions (e.g. "36-032-1459")
URL providing human or machine-readable rule(s) for validating identifiers in the system
http://bsv-bg.com/контролни-цифри-ползвани-в-българия/ describes the BG EIK checksum algorithm in HTML
http://www.nsi.bg/sites/default/files/konkursi/RGP_OPAK_2014_Annex_6.pdf describes the BG EIK checksum algorithm in PDF. It is by an official source, but is less convenient
Can be in the form of webpage, PDF document, RDF shape, etc. Multiple values about the same validation rule are ok.
URL complemented with name, language and MIME type(s) to specify what the URL is about
Web resource associated with an identifier system.
https://brra.bg is the homepage of BG TR.
http://opendata.government.bg/dataset/tbprobckn-pernctbp is the open data download site for BG TR.
https://kbopub.economie.fgov.be/kbopub/zoeknummerform.html is the search URL for BE Banque-Carrefour des Entreprises.
Name or short (generic) description of the resource
Provide this since it's useful to the user. Can provide it in several languages, in which case the language tag should be specified
MIME type of the resource. If several are provided, the server must provide all these resource types using Content Negotiation
For a search page, use the custom type "application/x-search"
For a Description document supporting the OpenSearch standard, use <http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearch/1.1/>
Use a valid [iana:] language code from the IETF BCP 47 standard
URL template complemented with name, language and MIME type(s) to specify what the URL is about. Substitute the identifier value into the template
This class has ebg:urlTemplate, and the same general properties as Web Resource: name, MIME type, language
Specifies a template that can be used uniformly to build URLs for all identifiers in the system.
'https://opencorporates.com/companies/{}' with MIME type 'text/html'
'https://opencorporates.com/companies/{}.xml' with MIME type 'application/xml'
'https://opencorporates.com/companies/{}.json' with MIME type 'application/json'
'https://opencorporates.com/companies/{}.rdf' with MIME type 'application/rdf+xml'
URL template of an identifier web resource. If it has a placeholder {}, substitute the identifier value there. If it has placeholders like $1, $2… substitute the groups extracted by ebg:validationRegex
For BE Banque-Carrefour des Entreprises, "https://kbopub.economie.fgov.be/kbopub/toonondernemingps.html?ondernemingsnummer={}" with MIME type "text/html" shows a web page for the company.
For the EU Value Added Tax (VIES) register, "http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/vies/vatResponse.html?memberStateCode=$1&number=$2" with MIME type "text/html" shows a web page for an identifier that can be parsed with ebg:validationRegex "([A-Z]{2})/(\d+)". Here $1 is the member state code, and $2 is the national company id
For OCORP, 'https://opencorporates.com/companies/{}' returns company data with MIME type 'text/html'
For OCORP, 'https://opencorporates.com/companies/{}.xml' returns company data with MIME type 'application/xml'
For OCORP, 'https://opencorporates.com/companies/{}.json' returns company data with MIME type 'application/json'
For OCORP, 'https://opencorporates.com/companies/{}.rdf' returns company data with MIME type 'application/rdf+xml'
For BR, "http://data.brreg.no/enhetsregisteret/enhet/{}" with either "application/xml" or "application/json" returns the respective MIME type using Content Negotiation
Mailing or physical address of a company
Should be linked as registered address (one) or other address (multiple).
Every data provider should strive to provide NUTS3 for each address. This can be done in cooperation, using the techniques described in Address Calculations above.
Part of a city, village or neighborhood.
Not likely to appear, but we have Coordinate resolution corresponding to this field.
Aston House, Cornwall Avenue, London N3 1LF, UK
Not likely to appear separately, but we have Coordinate resolution corresponding to this field.
Some addresses are associated with a PO box instead of a street address.
If possible, a European postal code should correspond to the fixed values given in NUTS Downloads, so we can correlate it to a NUTS region.
Provide a language tag if possible. If both ebg:adminUnitL6 and locn:postName are specified, they should correspond to each other.
Locality/City/Settlement of the address, free text.
Trento
Тренто
It is ok if the street number is also here, because many systems do not enter the number separately. There may be several concatenated lines, separated with newlines.
Polygraphia Office Center, floor 4 47A Tsarigradsko Shosse
Public legal address where legal papers can be served.
org:hasRegisteredSite leads to a node with types org:Site and locn:Address that has self-link org:siteAddress.
org:hasSite leads to a node with types org:Site & locn:Address that has self-link org:siteAddress. org:hasRegisteredSite is declared a sub-property of org:hasSite, so querying by org:hasSite will obtain all addresses.
Other address/location associated to an organisation.
EBG doesn't need the distinction between org:Site and locn:Address, so we use one node having both types, and a self-link org:siteAddress
An office or other premise at which the organization is located. Many organizations are spread across multiple sites and many sites will host multiple locations. In most cases a Site will be a physical location. However, we don't exclude the possibility of non-physical sites such as a virtual office with an associated post box and phone reception service [org:]
EBG doesn't need the distinction between org:Site and locn:Address, so we use one node having both types, and a self link org:siteAddress
NUTS/LAU Code of an administrative region
Hierarchical level of a thesaurus concept
Level of an administrative region: NUTS1..3=1..3, LAU1..2=4..5
Name of an administrative region or settlement
Registered organizations are the main entities that euBusinessGraph works with (the project is not concerned with unregistered informal groups). The borderline between public organizations and commercial companies is not always clear-cut (a company may be partially owned by government, and e.g. Public-Private-Partnerships are a prime example), so the project may deal with some organizations that are not companies. But for brevity and convenience we often call them Companies [ebg:].
An organization that gains legal entity status by the act of registration. Compare to org:FormalOrganization that applies to any legal entity, including those created by other legal means. Registered organizations are distinct from the broader concept of organizations, groups or, in some jurisdictions, sole traders. Many organizations exist that are not legal entities yet to the outside world they have staff, hierarchies, locations etc. Other organizations exist that are an umbrella for several legal entities (universities are often good examples of this) [rov:]. A legal person or structure that is organized under the laws of any jurisdiction [lei-elf:].
All entities that issue equity, debt or other securities for other capital structures.
All entities that trade stock or debt, investment vehicles, including mutual funds, pension funds and alternative investment vehicles constituted as corporate entities or collective investment agreements (including umbrella funds as well as funds under an umbrella structure, hedge funds, private equity funds, etc.).
All entities under the purview of a financial regulator and their affiliates, subsidiaries and holding companies.
Counterparties to financial transactions.
A business may have more than one legal name, particularly in jurisdictions with more than one official language (e.g. Belgium). Some registries also treat a transliterated name as official (e.g. Онтотекст vs Ontotext) [ebg:]
Provide a legal language tag (see [iana:] for a list) if possible.
Don't allow leading, trailing and two consecutive spaces.
The legal name of the business, i.e. official name of the company [ebg:]
Ontotext
PROGIENE 2.000 I PROFESSIONISTI DELL'IGIENE S.R.L. ENUNCIABILE ANCHE: PROGIENE 2.000 S.R.L.
Онтотекст
Economic activity of the organization (NACE code)
Recorded using a controlled vocabulary: EC NACE 2. Values should be like nace:A, nace:42.50, etc
More detailed national classifications could also useful (e.g. IT ATECO, UK SIC, BG NKID) but are not supported for now. Providers should drop eventual NACE National Extensions trailing digits.
Values are taken from the euBusinessGraph NACE ConceptScheme. URL template: nace:([A-Z]|[0-9]{2}|[0-9]{2}\.[0-9]{1,2}). Providers must use exact codes of the specified form
Only the most specific classification code(s) should be provided since we have a skos:broader hierarchy.
Economic activity of the organization (all hierarchical NACE codes)
Transive closure of rov:orgActivity along the skos:broader hierarchy
Economic activity of the organization (free text)
Such field is widely used in some countries (e.g. BG) and may include much richer info than rov:orgActivity
NACE = 72.19 Scientific research and development in the field of natural, medical, agricultural and technical sciences, without biotechnology
Free text = Development, exploration and production of opto-electronic systems for analogue and digital holographic recording, interferometric measurement of mechanical characteristics and biological objects at micro and macro level, refractometers, light-sensitive materials for holographic recording, blueprints of museum exhibits, artworks and collection surveys, production of holographic illustrations for students, albums, advertising, souvenirs and others, design and manufacture of holographic optical elements with a wide spectrum of applications, marketing and sale of holographic products, consulting, training and promotion of holographic methods and technologies, mediation, brokerage, and **any other activity not prohibited** by Bulgarian legislation.
There is no globally accepted list of company states. For Inactive, some look at hard evidence (the company has been deregistered), others at a long period of inactivity (dormant). Because of this, a user cannot assume that Active and Inactive are opposites.
A Best Practice for recording status levels is to use the relevant jurisdiction's terms and to encode these in a SKOS Concept Scheme [rov:].
Flag that identifies whether a company is active or not [ebg:]. The operational and/or legal registration status of the entity [lei:].
'insolvent', 'bankrupt', 'in receivership': likely to mean slightly different things with different legal implications in different jurisdictions [rov:].
'Normal Activity': does appear to have cross-border usefulness and this should be used in preference to terms like 'trading' or 'operating' [rov:].
'Actively trading' vs 'Dormant' vs 'Unregistered' could be considered the 3 main divisions of Status.
There is no agreed set of company types that crosses borders [rov:]. Each jurisdiction will have a limited set of recognized company types and these should be expressed in a consistent manner in a SKOS Concept Scheme [rov:]. Code lists of euBusinessGraph data providers were collected and published in the project repository.
The types may form a hierarchy, but each company can have maximum one value. E.g. for Italy: Società Di Capitale > Società a responsabilità limitata [ebg:]
In addition or alternatively to this field, ebg:orgTypeText may be used.
Identifier that holds the official company registration in its jurisdiction of registration. It establishes the legal existence of the company.
This is a sub-property of adms:identifier, and should be an adms:Identifier pointing to an official ebg:IdentifierSystem. So it holds redundant information, but this is done for compatibility with the Registered Organization vocabulary.
In some cases we may not have info about the official registration, though "it is questionable whether a description of a registered organization without this property and an associated Identifier class will be of any value" [rov:]
Geographic coordinates, eg of a geo-located address.
Agent who specified the rules and organization of the identifier system
Deduced from languages appearing in web resources related to the organisation (e.g. corporate websites, social network accounts, etc.).
The value should be from the [iana:] list: ISO 639-1 codes, optionally followed by region of use.
Currently this data is provided by SDATI, for matching company entities only.
Date when the organization was dissolved or removed from register.
Year the organization was dissolved or deregistered, as integer.
Year the organization was created, as integer.
euBusinessGraph does not record other company emails, so there is no need to distinguish between different kinds
Email that is officially registered and with the same validity as certified (snail) mail.
If data is integrated from several providers, we may end up with multiple coordinate pairs in that node, which will need to be resolved into one.
Coordinates must be expressed in the WGS 84 system.
If no coordinates are available, do not make a schema:GeoCoordinates node.
License that applies to an identifier system or dataset
If possible, use established license URLs, e.g. from https://creativecommons.org/ or http://rightsstatements.org/
Wikipedia page pertaining to the company.
Website pertaining to the company or URL of a web resource
For system BG TR, <https://brra.bg> with language "bg" and MIME type "text/html" is the homepage
For system BG TR, <http://opendata.government.bg/dataset/tbprobckn-pernctbp> with language "bg" and MIME type "application/xml" is open data download in XML
For system BE Banque-Carrefour des Entreprises, <https://kbopub.economie.fgov.be/kbopub/zoeknummerform.html> with MIME type "application/x-search" is the search URL
RSS/Atom feed pertaining to the company.
Informal/popular name of the company (also called Trading As) [ebg:]. Sometimes (e.g., when the legal name is very long) people refer to a company using a different, informal version [ebg:]. Some jurisdictions recognize concepts such as a trading name or alternative forms of a legal entity's name [rov:].
Do not emit such name if it's equal to the legal name [ebg:].
Do not use this property to record translations of the primary legal name [rov:].
Provide a valid language tag if possible (see [iana:] for a list).
PROGIENE 2.000 I PROFESSIONISTI DELL'IGIENE SRL
OpenCorporates
Should not include leading, trailing and consecutive spaces, to facilitate exact match.
adms:Identifier recommends that this value should be "datatyped with the identifier scheme (including the version number if appropriate)". However, we decided not to do this because: - One cannot search by exact literal value unless one also knows the datatype URL - Currently we do not plan to maintain different identifier system versions
Codes for Identifier Systems are issued locally by euBusinessGraph. For identifier systems published by the sole or preferred official register in a jurisdiction, we use the jurisdiction code (e.g. "BG", "GB"). For others, if the identifier system has no explicit name, we use a short mnemonic code of the publisher: - upper-case for company registers (e.g. "OCORP", "SDATI", "RAL", "EU", "BRIS"), - mixed-case for social network registers (e.g. "Twitter", "Facebook").
A single preferred name of a company or identifier system (preferably English).
Used as a display name of the company or identifier system. For companies we usually pick one of the Registered Names (English if present, else at random). For identifier systems, we use a commonly used English name.
An officer is a natural person (as opposed to a legal person) [person:] that has a high-level management role in a Company (e.g., the CEO, treasurer and chief financial officer). Despite their high status, they typically serve at the will of the corporate directors, who can fire or replace them. Officers can also be shareholders and directors but don't necessarily have to be. They have the authority to act on behalf of the corporation, including contract authority.
The legal name of the person which is usually determined at or around birth, usually persistent and for this reason usually recorded by some official registers. Although birth names tend to be persistent we do not assume this has to be the case.
represents the relation between an organisation and a member of that organisation.
it is acceptable to use the same Membership node for several officers, if they had exactly the same role and membership interval (e.g. in many countries the Board is appointed and discharged at the same interval, namely between AGMs of the company)
Points to the company the membership is about
The officer that the membership is about
Interval (beginning and end) of the membership relation. May be an open interval.
for the common case of missing time, we prefer to use xsd:date rather than completing it with a fake null time, eg "<date>T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime.
Denotes a role that a Person can take in an organization.
Instances of this class describe the abstract role; to denote a specific instance of a person playing that role in a specific organization use an instance of org:Membership.
The role played by the officer in the membership