WoTDT: The WoT Digital Twin Ontology.
type: Ontology
version IRI: https://w3id.org/def/dtw#0.5.0
contributor: Raúl García-Castro
contributor: María Poveda-Villalón
contributor: Andrea Cimmino
contributor: Socorro Bernardos
creator: Salvador González Gerpe
description: Digital Twin ontology used to define Digital Twins and Semantic Digital Twins and aggregations by dimensions using Web of Things.
bibliographic citation: González-Gerpe, S., Poveda-Villalón, M., & García-Castro, R. (2024). DTAG: A Methodology for Aggregating Digital Twins Using the WoTDT Ontology. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL, 14(13).
created: 2024-04-01
issued: 2024-04-01
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
modified: 2025-06-15
publisher: W3ID
source: ontology.ttl
preferred namespace prefix: dtw
prior version: 0.4.0
version info: 0.5.0
term status: stable
created with: chowlk.linkeddata.es

comment
type: AnnotationProperty

aggregate DTwA
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: aggregated DTwA from
domain: Digital Twin Aggregate
range: Digital Twin Aggregate
comment: Property that describes de action of aggregation between two different entities or dtw:DigitalTwinAggregate.

aggregate DTwI
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: aggregated DTwI from
domain: Digital Twin Aggregate
range: Digital Twin Instance
comment: Property that describes de action of aggregation between two different entities or dtw:DigitalTwinInstance.

aggregated DTwA from
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Digital Twin Aggregate
range: Digital Twin Aggregate
description: DTwA aggregated from a specific DTwA

aggregated DTwI from
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Digital Twin Instance
range: Digital Twin Aggregate
description: DTwI aggregated from a specific DTwA

contains interaction affordance
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is interaction affordance of
domain: Digital Entity
range: Interaction Affordance
comment: Property that describes the different interaction affordances that the dt:DigitalTwinServices contains.

has connection
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is connection of
domain: Digital Twin
range: Connection
comment: Property that describes the different connections of the dtw:DigitalTwin.

has connection point
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is connection point of
domain: Digital Entity Dimension
range: Connection Point
comment: Property that describes the connection point that the element of the DTw has to connect with others

has consumer
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is consumer of
domain: Connection
range: Connection Point
comment: Property that describes if the connection point is the consumer of the information.

has data
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is data of
domain: Digital Entity
range: Resource
comment: Property that describes the different data that the dt:DigitalTwinData contains.

has digital entity
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is digital entity of
domain: Digital Twin
range: Digital Entity
comment: Property that describes the different Digital Entities that the digital twin contains.

has format
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is format of
domain: Model
range: Format
comment: Property that describes the different extension formats that the models or data can be found.

has model
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is model of
domain: Digital Entity
range: Model
comment: Property that describes the different models that the dtw:DigitalEntity contains.

has physical entity
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is physical entity of
domain: Digital Twin
range: Physical Entity
comment: Property that describes the Physical Entity that the digital twin describes.

has provider
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is provider of
domain: Connection
range: Connection Point
comment: Property that describes if the connection point is the provider of the information.

is connection of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Connection
range: Digital Twin
description: Connection of a Digital Twin.

is connection point of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Connection Point
range: Digital Entity Dimension
description: Connection point is referred to a Digital Entity Dimension

is consumer of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Connection Point
range: Connection
description: Connection point is consumer of a connection.

is data of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Resource
range: Digital Entity
description: Data of a Digital Entity.

is digital entity of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Digital Entity
range: Digital Twin
description: Digital entity of a Digital Twin.

is format of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Format
range: Model
description: Format of a Model.

is interaction affordance of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Interaction Affordance
range: Digital Entity
description: Interaction Afforfance of a Digital Entity.

is model of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Model
range: Digital Entity
description: Model contained by the Digital Entity Dimension.

is physical entity of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Physical Entity
range: Digital Twin
description: Physical entity of a Digital Twin.

is provider of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Connection Point
range: Connection
description: Connection point is provider of a connection.

model aggregated from
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: model aggregates
domain: Model
range: Model
comment: Model aggregated from model.

model aggregates
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Model
range: Model
description: Model aggregates model.

resource aggregated from
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: resource aggregates
domain: Resource
range: Resource
comment: Resource aggregated from resource.

resource aggregates
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Resource
range: Resource
description: Resource aggregates resource.

description
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Thing
range: string
description: Class has target description.

title
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Thing
range: string
description: Class has target title.

has extension
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Format
range: string
comment: Extension of the model or data with which can be found.

has target
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Format
range: anyURI
description: Class has target uri.

has form
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Interaction Affordance
range: anyURI
description: Interaction affordance has form.

has uri template schema
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Interaction Affordance
range: string
description: Interaction affordance has an URI template schema.

Resource
type: Class
subclass of: Digital Entity Dimension
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is data of
  some values from: Digital Entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: resource aggregated from
  some values from: Resource
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: resource aggregates
  some values from: Resource
description: Resource of data from DCAT ontology

Behavioral Model
type: Class
subclass of: Model
comment: Describes the behaviors and response mechanisms of the entity (e.g. state transition, performance and disturbances)

Connection
type: Class
subclass of: Digital Twin Dimension
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has consumer
  some values from: External Connection Point
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has consumer
  some values from: Internal Connection Point
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has provider
  some values from: External Connection Point
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has provider
  some values from: Internal Connection Point
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has consumer
  min qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Connection Point
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has provider
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Connection Point
comment: Existing connection between different dtw:ConnectionPoint.

Connection Point
type: Class
comment: Connection point of the connection.

Data Service Connection
type: Class
subclass of: Connection
comment: Connection between dcat:Resource and td:InteractionAffordance.

Digital Entity
type: Class
subclass of: Digital Twin Dimension
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has model
  some values from: Behavioral Model
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has model
  some values from: Geometric Model
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has model
  some values from: Mapping Model
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has model
  some values from: Ontology Model
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has model
  some values from: Physical Model
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has model
  some values from: Rules Model
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has model
  some values from: Semantic Model
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has model
  some values from: Shapes Model
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains interaction affordance
  min qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Interaction Affordance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has data
  min qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Resource
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has model
  min qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Model
comment: This dimension of the digital twin consists of various data models that represents all the information allocated in the digital twin.

Digital Entity Dimension
type: Class
description: Digital Entity Dimension class to add resource, model and interaction affordances clases

Digital Twin
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has connection
  some values from: Data Service Connection
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has connection
  some values from: Model Data Connection
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has connection
  some values from: Model Model Connection
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has connection
  some values from: Model Service Connection
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has connection
  min qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Connection
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has digital entity
  min qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Digital Entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has physical entity
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Physical Entity
comment: A realistic representation of all product life cycle components using physical, virtual and interaction data.

Digital Twin Aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: Digital Twin
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregate DTwA
  some values from: Digital Twin Aggregate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregate DTwI
  some values from: Digital Twin Instance
comment: Describes the aggregation of all the DTIs. Unlike the DTI, the DTA may not be an independent data structure. It may be a computing construct that has access to all DTIs and queries them either ad-hoc or proactively.

Digital Twin Dimension
type: Class
comment: Dimensions of which the digital twin is composed.

Digital Twin Instance
type: Class
subclass of: Digital Twin
comment: Describes a specific corresponding physical product that an individual Digital Twin remains linked to throughout the life of that physical product.

External Connection Point
type: Class
subclass of: Connection Point
comment: Connection point of the connection that is external to the DTw.

Format
type: Class
comment: Extension format in which the model or data is available.

Geometric Model
type: Class
subclass of: Model
comment: Describes all the geometric parameters of the physical entity (e.g. shapes, sizes and assembly relations).

Internal Connection Point
type: Class
subclass of: Connection Point
comment: Connection point of the connection that is internal to the DTw.

Mapping Model
type: Class
subclass of: Semantic Model
comment: Model that allows the alignment of data with the objective of obtaining harmonised data from non-harmonised data.

Model
type: Class
subclass of: Digital Entity Dimension
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is model of
  some values from: Digital Entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: model aggregated from
  some values from: Model
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: model aggregates
  some values from: Model
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has format
  min qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Format
comment: Representation or conceptualization of the data registered in the Virtual Entity dimension.

Model Data Connection
type: Class
subclass of: Connection
comment: Connection between dtw:Model and dcat:Resource.

Model Model Connection
type: Class
subclass of: Connection
description: Model to model connection.

Model Service Connection
type: Class
subclass of: Connection
comment: Connection between dtw:Model and td:InteractionAffordance.

Ontology Model
type: Class
subclass of: Semantic Model
comment: Model that contains the conceptualization of the information of the digital twin. This conceptualization activity refers to the organization and structuration of the information (data, knowledge, etc.), obtained during the acquisition process, into meaningful models at the knowledge level and according to the ontology requirements specification document.

Physical Entity
type: Class
subclass of: Digital Twin Dimension
comment: This dimension of the digital twin consists of various subsystems, objects and sensory devices. These subsystems can include dynamic systems, control systems, maintenance systems, etc., and can be combined for a specific task. Also, non physical entities can be represented.

Physical Model
type: Class
subclass of: Model
comment: Responsible for providing all the physical properties (e.g. speed and force) based on dt:GeometricModel

Rules Model
type: Class
subclass of: Model
comment: A set of rules extracted from the historical data obtained from the physical model, whose function is to provide the virtual entity with a judgment for decision making, optimization, evaluation, prediction and maintenance.

Semantic Model
type: Class
subclass of: Model
description: Model representing semantic web rules or conceptualizations.

Shapes Model
type: Class
subclass of: Semantic Model
comment: Model that contains the data validation rules allowing the data to be validated.

Interaction Affordance
type: Class
subclass of: Digital Entity Dimension
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is interaction affordance of
  some values from: Digital Entity
description: Affordance that represents a Service.

Thing
type: Class
description: Thing of WoT.