Kaiyong Liu Yongqun "Oliver" He Sam Smith 2-28-2020 OCE is a formal ontology that represents various chemical elements from Mendeleev's 1871 periodic table. The Ontology of Chemical Elements (OCE) is an open source community-based ontology in the domain of chemical elements. OCE represents all chemical elements and their attributes, including those attributes defined in the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements. OWL-DL OCE: A formal ontology in the area of chemical elements OCE: Ontology of Chemical Elements http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Vision Release: 1.0.29 Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification. Really of interest to developers only BFO OWL specification label BFO OWL specification label Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2 Person:Alan Ruttenberg Really of interest to developers only BFO CLIF specification label BFO CLIF specification label example of usage example of usage has curation status has curation status definition definition editor note editor note alternative term alternative term definition source definition source curator note curator note imported from imported from elucidation elucidation has associated axiom(nl) has associated axiom(nl) has associated axiom(fol) has associated axiom(fol) valence electron configuration valence electron configuration has Chinese label has German label has French label has Spanish label has Italian label A annotation property that indicates the integer number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_number Oliver He, Kaiyong Liu has atomic number has_alternative_id database_cross_reference has_exact_synonym has_obo_format_version has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym in_subset shorthand label BFO:0000051 chebi_ontology has_part false has_part has part An object property that represents a relation between an atom and a subshell that has the last or final electron of the atom. has final electron in subshell has last electron in subshell Speight, J. . 2017. 'Chapter Two - Inorganic Chemistry.' in, Environmental Inorganic Chemistry for Engineers (Butterworth-Heinemann). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shell Oliver He, Kaiyong Liu has last electron in An object property that represents a relation between an atom and the number of electron shell. An electron shell is an orbit followed by electrons around an atom's nucleus. The closest shell to the nucleus is called the "1 shell" (also called the "K shell"), followed by the "2 shell" (or "L shell"), then the "3 shell" (or "M shell"), and so on farther and farther from the nucleus. The shells correspond to the principal quantum numbers (n = 1, 2, 3, 4 ...) or are labeled alphabetically with the letters used in X-ray notation (K, L, M, …). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shell Oliver He, Kaiyong Liu has electron shell An object property that represents a relation between an atom and the number of valence electrons. A valence electron is an outer shell electron that is associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond if the outer shell is not closed. For a main group element, a valence electron can exist only in the outermost electron shell; in a transition metal, a valence electron can also be in an inner shell. has valence electron number https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shell https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_electron Oliver He, Kaiyong Liu has valence electron this apple has quality this red color a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. has_quality has quality RO:0000087 chebi_ontology has_role false false has_role has role entity Entity Julius Caesar Verdi’s Requiem the Second World War your body mass index BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81 Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) entity continuant Continuant BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240 Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] continuant ic IndependentContinuant a chair a heart a leg a molecule a spatial region an atom an orchestra. an organism the bottom right portion of a human torso the interior of your mouth b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] independent continuant s-region SpatialRegion BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes. Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] spatial region realizable RealizableEntity the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity. the disposition of your blood to coagulate the function of your reproductive organs the role of being a doctor the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] realizable entity quality Quality the ambient temperature of this portion of air the color of a tomato the length of the circumference of your waist the mass of this piece of gold. the shape of your nose the shape of your nostril a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] quality sdc SpecificallyDependentContinuant Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates. the disposition of this fish to decay the function of this heart: to pump blood the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79 the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center the role of being a doctor the shape of this hole. the smell of this portion of mozzarella b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] specifically dependent continuant 3d-s-region ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion a cube-shaped region of space a sphere-shaped region of space, A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001]) (forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001] three-dimensional spatial region material MaterialEntity a flame a forest fire a human being a hurricane a photon a puff of smoke a sea wave a tornado an aggregate of human beings. an energy wave an epidemic the undetached arm of a human being BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60 BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity. BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here. A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] material entity immaterial ImmaterialEntity BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10 immaterial entity Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000548579903(13) u, or 0.51099906(15) MeV. -1 0.000548579903 0.0 KEGG:C05359 PMID:21614077 Wikipedia:Electron electron chebi_ontology Elektron beta beta(-) beta-particle e e(-) e- negatron CHEBI:10545 electron An atom of an element that exhibits properties that are between those of metals and nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them. The term generally includes boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium, while carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium, and astatine are less commonly included. Wikipedia:Metalloid chebi_ontology metalloid metalloids CHEBI:137980 metalloid atom Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa). Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas chebi_ontology gas molecular entities gaseous molecular entities gaseous molecular entity CHEBI:138675 gas molecular entity An iron group element atom that has atomic number 26. 铁 Eisen fer hierro ferro 0 Fe InChI=1S/Fe XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 55.84500 55.93494 [Fe] CHEBI:13322 CHEBI:24872 CHEBI:5974 CAS:7439-89-6 DrugBank:DB01592 HMDB:HMDB0015531 KEGG:C00023 Reaxys:4122945 WebElements:Fe iron chebi_ontology 26Fe Eisen Fe Iron fer ferrum hierro iron CHEBI:18248 iron atom 锰 Mangan manganèse manganeso manganese 0 Mn InChI=1S/Mn PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 54.93805 54.93804 [Mn] CHEBI:13382 CHEBI:25153 CHEBI:6681 CAS:7439-96-5 KEGG:C00034 WebElements:Mn manganese chebi_ontology 25Mn Mangan Manganese Mn manganese manganeso manganum CHEBI:18291 manganese atom alkaline earth metals chebi_ontology Erdalkalimetall Erdalkalimetalle alkaline earth metal alkaline-earth metal alkaline-earth metals metal alcalino-terreux metal alcalinoterreo metales alcalinoterreos metaux alcalino-terreux CHEBI:22313 alkaline earth metal atom alkali metals chebi_ontology Alkalimetall Alkalimetalle alkali metal metal alcalin metal alcalino metales alcalinos metaux alcalins CHEBI:22314 alkali metal atom 溴 Brom brome bromo bromo 0 Br InChI=1S/Br WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 79.90400 78.91834 [Br] WebElements:Br bromine chebi_ontology 35Br Br Brom brome bromine bromo bromum CHEBI:22927 bromine atom 镉 Kadmium cadmium cadmio cadmio 0 Cd InChI=1S/Cd BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 112.41100 113.90336 [Cd] CAS:7440-43-9 KEGG:C01413 WebElements:Cd cadmium chebi_ontology 48Cd Cd Kadmium cadmio cadmium CHEBI:22977 cadmium atom 4 2 钙 Kalzium calcium calcio calcio 0 Ca InChI=1S/Ca OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 40.07800 39.96259 [Ca] CAS:7440-70-2 DrugBank:DB01373 KEGG:C00076 WebElements:Ca calcium chebi_ontology 20Ca Ca Calcium Kalzium calcio calcium CHEBI:22984 calcium atom 氯 Chlor chlore cloro cloro 0 Cl InChI=1S/Cl ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 35.45270 34.96885 [Cl] WebElements:Cl chlorine chebi_ontology 17Cl Chlor Cl chlore chlorine chlorum cloro CHEBI:23116 chlorine atom Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. molecular entity chebi_ontology entidad molecular entidades moleculares entite moleculaire molecular entities molekulare Entitaet CHEBI:23367 molecular entity 氟 Fluor fluor flúor fluoro 0 F InChI=1S/F YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 18.99840 18.99840 [F] CAS:7782-41-4 WebElements:F fluorine chebi_ontology 9F F Fluor fluor fluorine fluorum CHEBI:24061 fluorine atom A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. chemical entity chebi_ontology CHEBI:24431 chemical entity A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. chebi_ontology biological function CHEBI:24432 biological role halogen halogens chebi_ontology Halogene group 17 elements group VII elements halogene halogenes halogeno halogenos CHEBI:24473 halogen A molecular entity that contains no carbon. chebi_ontology anorganische Verbindungen inorganic compounds inorganic entity inorganic molecular entities inorganics CHEBI:24835 inorganic molecular entity Chemical element with atomic number 53. 碘 Iod (Jod) iode yodo iodio 0 I InChI=1S/I ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 126.90447 126.90447 [I] WebElements:I iodine chebi_ontology 53I I Iod J Jod iode iodine iodium yodo CHEBI:24859 iodine atom 铅 Blei plomb plomo piombo 0 Pb InChI=1S/Pb WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 207.20000 207.97665 [Pb] KEGG:C06696 WebElements:Pb lead chebi_ontology 82Pb Blei Pb lead plomb plomo plumbum CHEBI:25016 lead atom 镁 Magnesium magnésium magnesio magnesio 0 Mg InChI=1S/Mg FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 24.30500 23.98504 [Mg] CAS:7439-95-4 DrugBank:DB01378 Gmelin:16207 KEGG:C00305 WebElements:Mg magnesium chebi_ontology 12Mg Magnesium Mg magnesio magnesium CHEBI:25107 magnesium atom 汞 Quecksilber mercure mercurio mercurio 0 Hg InChI=1S/Hg QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 200.59000 201.97064 [Hg] CAS:7439-97-6 WebElements:Hg mercury chebi_ontology 80Hg Hg Quecksilber azogue hydrargyrum liquid silver mercure mercurio mercury quicksilver CHEBI:25195 mercury atom Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites. CHEBI:26619 CHEBI:35220 metabolite chebi_ontology metabolites primary metabolites secondary metabolites CHEBI:25212 metabolite 氮 Stickstoff azote nitrógeno azoto 0 N 14.007 14.00307 WebElements:N nitrogen chebi_ontology 7N N Stickstoff azote nitrogen nitrogeno CHEBI:25555 nitrogen atom nonmetal chebi_ontology Nichtmetall Nichtmetalle no metal no metales non-metal non-metaux nonmetal nonmetals CHEBI:25585 nonmetal atom 氧 Sauerstoff oxygène oxígeno ossigeno 0 O InChI=1S/O QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 15.99940 15.99491 [O] KEGG:C00007 WebElements:O oxygen chebi_ontology 8O O Sauerstoff oxigeno oxygen oxygene CHEBI:25805 oxygen atom 钾 Kalium potassium potasio potassio 0 K InChI=1S/K ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 39.09830 38.96371 [K] CAS:7440-09-7 DrugBank:DB01345 KEGG:C00238 WebElements:K potassium chebi_ontology 19K K Kalium kalium potasio potassium CHEBI:26216 potassium atom 1 1 3ds1 3s1 钠 Natrium sodium sodio sodio 0 Na InChI=1S/Na KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 22.98977 22.98977 [Na] CAS:7440-23-5 Gmelin:16221 KEGG:C01330 WebElements:Na sodium chebi_ontology 11Na Na Natrium natrium sodio sodium CHEBI:26708 alternative term:IA group sodium atom 硫 Schwefel soufre azufre zolfo 0 S InChI=1S/S NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 32.06600 31.97207 [S] CAS:7704-34-9 KEGG:C00087 KEGG:D06527 PPDB:605 WebElements:S sulfur chebi_ontology 16S Elemental sulfur S Schwefel azufre soufre sulfur sulphur theion CHEBI:26833 sulfur atom 锡 Zinn Étain estaño stagno 0 Sn InChI=1S/Sn ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 118.71000 119.90220 [Sn] CAS:7440-31-5 UM-BBD_compID:c0585 WebElements:Sn tin chebi_ontology 50Sn Sn Zinn estano etain stannum tin CHEBI:27007 tin atom Any nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Wikipedia:Micronutrient chebi_ontology micronutrients trace elements CHEBI:27027 micronutrient An element whose atom has an incomplete d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell. transition element chebi_ontology Uebergangselement Uebergangsmetalle metal de transicion metal de transition metales de transicion metaux de transition transition element transition elements transition metal transition metals CHEBI:27081 transition element atom 铀 Uran uranium uranio uranio 0 U InChI=1S/U JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 238.02890 238.05079 [U] CAS:7440-61-1 WebElements:U uranium chebi_ontology 92U U Uran uranio uranium CHEBI:27214 uranium atom 锌 Zink zinc zinc zinco 0 Zn InChI=1S/Zn HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 65.39000 63.92914 [Zn] CAS:7440-66-6 Gmelin:16321 KEGG:C00038 PDBeChem:ZN WebElements:Zn zinc chebi_ontology 30Zn Zink Zn Zn(II) Zn2+ cinc zinc zincum CHEBI:27363 zinc atom 硼 Bor bore boro boro 0 B InChI=1S/B ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10.81100 11.00930 [B] CHEBI:22915 CHEBI:3152 CAS:7440-42-8 KEGG:C06266 WebElements:B boron chebi_ontology 5B B Bor Boron boracium bore boro boron CHEBI:27560 boron atom 砷 Arsen arsenic arsénico arsenico 0 As InChI=1S/As RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 74.92160 74.92159 [As] CHEBI:22630 CHEBI:2845 CAS:7440-38-2 KEGG:C06269 WebElements:As arsenic chebi_ontology 33As Arsen Arsenic As arsenic arsenico arsenicum CHEBI:27563 arsenic atom 硒 Selen sélénium selenio selenio 0 Se InChI=1S/Se BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 78.96000 79.91652 [Se] CHEBI:26627 CHEBI:9091 CAS:7782-49-2 KEGG:C01529 WebElements:Se selenium chebi_ontology 34Se Se Selen Selenium selenio selenium CHEBI:27568 selenium atom 硅 Silizium silicium silicio silicio 0 Si InChI=1S/Si XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 28.08550 27.97693 [Si] CHEBI:26676 CHEBI:9140 CAS:7440-21-3 KEGG:C06263 WebElements:Si silicon chebi_ontology 14Si Si Silicon Silizium silicio silicium silicon CHEBI:27573 silicon atom 碳 Kohlenlstoff carbone carbono carbonio 0 C InChI=1S/C OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12.01070 12.00000 [C] CHEBI:23009 CHEBI:3399 CAS:7440-44-0 KEGG:C06265 WebElements:C carbon chebi_ontology 6C C Carbon Kohlenstoff carbon carbone carbonium carbono CHEBI:27594 carbon atom A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27. 钴 Kobalt cobalt cobalto cobalto 0 Co InChI=1S/Co GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 58.93320 58.93319 [Co] CHEBI:23335 CHEBI:3788 CAS:7440-48-4 KEGG:C00175 KEGG:C19171 PDBeChem:3CO WebElements:Co cobalt chebi_ontology 27Co Co Cobalt Kobalt cobalt cobalto cobaltum CHEBI:27638 cobalt atom 4 5 3d4 S2 钒 Vanadium vanadium vanadio vanadio 0 V InChI=1S/V LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 50.94150 50.94396 [V] CHEBI:27274 CHEBI:9930 CAS:7440-62-2 KEGG:C06267 WebElements:V vanadium chebi_ontology 23V V Vanadium vanadio vanadium CHEBI:27698 alternative term:VB group vanadium atom 钨 Wolfram tungstène wolframio or tungsteno tungsteno 0 W InChI=1S/W WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 183.84000 183.95093 [W] CHEBI:27170 CHEBI:9779 CAS:7440-33-7 Gmelin:16317 KEGG:C00753 PDBeChem:W WebElements:W Tungsten tungsten wolfram chebi_ontology 74W W Wolfram tungsten atom tungstene tungsteno volframio wolframio wolframium CHEBI:27998 tungsten A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24. 铬 Chrom chrome cromo cromo 0 Cr InChI=1S/Cr VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 51.99610 51.94051 [Cr] CHEBI:23235 CHEBI:3678 CAS:7440-47-3 KEGG:C06268 WebElements:Cr chromium chebi_ontology 24Cr Chrom Chromium Cr chrome chromium cromo CHEBI:28073 chromium atom Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28. 镍 Nickel nickel níquel nichelio 0 Ni InChI=1S/Ni PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 58.69340 57.93534 [Ni] CHEBI:25515 CHEBI:7552 CAS:7440-02-0 Gmelin:16229 KEGG:C00291 PMID:12756270 PMID:14634084 PMID:14734778 PMID:15165199 PMID:19828094 PMID:20477134 PMID:22762130 PMID:23142754 PMID:23317102 PMID:23692032 PMID:23692035 PMID:23723488 PMID:23834453 PMID:23857010 PMID:23895079 PMID:23909687 PMID:9060994 PMID:9886425 Reaxys:4122946 WebElements:Ni Wikipedia:Nickel nickel chebi_ontology 28Ni Ni Nickel Raney alloy niccolum nickel niquel CHEBI:28112 nickel atom 磷 Phosphor phosphore fósforo fosforo 0 P InChI=1S/P OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 30.97376 30.97376 [P] CHEBI:26080 CHEBI:8168 CAS:7723-14-0 Gmelin:16235 KEGG:C06262 WebElements:P phosphorus chebi_ontology 15P P Phosphor Phosphorus fosforo phosphore phosphorus CHEBI:28659 phosphorus atom 钼 Molybdän molybdène molibdeno molibdeno 0 Mo InChI=1S/Mo ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 95.94000 97.90541 [Mo] CHEBI:25369 CHEBI:49750 CHEBI:6968 CAS:7439-98-7 Gmelin:16205 KEGG:C00150 WebElements:Mo molybdenum chebi_ontology 42Mo Mo Molybdaen Molybdenum molibdeno molybdene molybdenum CHEBI:28685 molybdenum atom 铜 Kupfer cuivre cobre rame 0 Cu InChI=1S/Cu RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 63.54600 62.92960 [Cu] CHEBI:23376 CHEBI:3874 CAS:7440-50-8 Gmelin:16269 KEGG:C00070 WebElements:Cu copper chebi_ontology 29Cu Copper Cu Kupfer cobre copper cuivre cuprum CHEBI:28694 copper atom 3 13 铝 Aluminium aluminium aluminio alluminio 0 Al InChI=1S/Al XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 26.98154 26.98154 [Al] CHEBI:22471 CHEBI:2616 CAS:7429-90-5 DrugBank:DB01370 Gmelin:16248 KEGG:C06264 WebElements:Al aluminium chebi_ontology 13Al Al Aluminium aluminio aluminium aluminum CHEBI:28984 aluminium atom 金 Gold or oro oro 0 Au InChI=1S/Au PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 196.96655 196.96657 [Au] CAS:7440-57-5 WebElements:Au gold chebi_ontology 79Au Au Gold aurum gold or oro CHEBI:29287 gold atom 锂 Lithium lithium litio litio 0 Li InChI=1S/Li WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6.94100 7.01600 [Li] CAS:7439-93-2 WebElements:Li lithium chebi_ontology 3Li Li Lithium lithium litio CHEBI:30145 lithium atom 1 氦 Helium hélium helio elio 0 He InChI=1S/He SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4.00260 4.00260 [He] CAS:7440-59-7 Drug_Central:4262 Gmelin:16294 WebElements:He helium chebi_ontology 2He He Helium helio helium CHEBI:30217 helium atom 砹 Astat astate astato astato 0 At InChI=1S/At RYXHOMYVWAEKHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 210.00000 210.00000 [At] CAS:7440-68-8 Gmelin:40440 WebElements:At astatine chebi_ontology 85At Astat At astate astatine astato CHEBI:30415 astatine atom A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum. 铟 Indium indium indio indio 0 In InChI=1S/In APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 114.81800 114.90388 [In] CAS:7440-74-6 Gmelin:16297 WebElements:In indium chebi_ontology 49In In Indium indio indium CHEBI:30430 indium atom A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot). 铊 Thallium thallium talio tallio 0 Tl InChI=1S/Tl BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 204.38330 204.97443 [Tl] CAS:7440-28-0 Gmelin:16308 WebElements:Tl thallium chebi_ontology 81Tl Tl talio CHEBI:30440 thallium 锗 Germanium germanium germanio germanio 0 Ge InChI=1S/Ge GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 72.61000 73.92118 [Ge] CAS:7440-56-4 WebElements:Ge germanium chebi_ontology 32Ge Ge germanio germanium CHEBI:30441 germanium atom 碲 Tellur tellure teluro tellurio 0 Te InChI=1S/Te PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 127.60000 129.90622 [Te] CAS:13494-80-9 Gmelin:16309 WebElements:Te tellurium chebi_ontology 52Te Te Tellur tellure tellurium teluro CHEBI:30452 tellurium atom Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4. 铍 Beryllium béryllium berilio berillio 0 Be InChI=1S/Be ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9.01218 9.01218 [Be] CAS:7440-41-7 Gmelin:16265 PMID:10858219 PMID:11897645 PMID:14643414 PMID:16951350 PMID:18250483 PMID:18768897 PMID:24912188 Reaxys:14617151 WebElements:Be beryllium chebi_ontology 4Be Be Beryllium berilio beryllium CHEBI:30501 beryllium atom 银 Silber argent plata argento 0 Ag InChI=1S/Ag BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 107.86820 106.90509 [Ag] CAS:7440-22-4 WebElements:Ag silver chebi_ontology 47Ag Ag Silber argent argentum plata silver CHEBI:30512 silver atom 锑 Antimon antimoine antimonio antimonio 0 Sb InChI=1S/Sb WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 121.76000 120.90381 [Sb] WebElements:Sb antimony chebi_ontology 51Sb Antimon Sb antimoine antimonio antimony stibium CHEBI:30513 antimony atom 铯 Zäsium césium cesio cesio 0 Cs InChI=1S/Cs TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 132.90545 132.90545 [Cs] WebElements:Cs caesium chebi_ontology 55Cs Caesium Cs Zaesium caesium cesio cesium CHEBI:30514 caesium atom 钌 Ruthenium ruthénium rutenio rutenio 0 Ru InChI=1S/Ru KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 101.07000 101.90434 [Ru] CAS:7440-18-8 WebElements:Ru ruthenium chebi_ontology 44Ru Ru Ruthenium rutenio ruthenium CHEBI:30682 ruthenium atom 锇 Osmium osmium osmio osmio 0 Os InChI=1S/Os SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 190.23000 191.96148 [Os] CAS:7440-04-2 Gmelin:16234 WebElements:Os osmium chebi_ontology 76Os Os osmio osmium CHEBI:30687 osmium atom 钡 Barium baryum bario bario 0 Ba InChI=1S/Ba DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 137.32700 137.90525 [Ba] WebElements:Ba barium chebi_ontology 56Ba Ba Barium bario barium baryum CHEBI:32594 barium atom 铕 Europium europium europio europio 0 Eu InChI=1S/Eu OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 151.96400 152.92124 [Eu] CAS:7440-53-1 Gmelin:16279 WebElements:Eu europium chebi_ontology 63Eu Eu europio europium CHEBI:32999 europium atom Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33232 application A particle not known to have substructure. elementary particle chebi_ontology elementary particles CHEBI:33233 fundamental particle A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. chemical entity CHEBI:22671 CHEBI:23907 atom chebi_ontology atome atomo atoms atomus element elements CHEBI:33250 A chemical element is a species of atom having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei (that is, the same atomic number, or Z). For example, the atomic number of oxygen is 8, so the element oxygen describes all atoms which have 8 protons. At the level of ontology, the chemical element is equivalent to the atom at the class level. - Oliver He, Kaiyong Liu. Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_element atom A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons. nucleus chebi_ontology Atomkern Kern noyau noyau atomique nuclei nucleo nucleo atomico nucleus atomi CHEBI:33252 atomic nucleus Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron. nucleon chebi_ontology Nukleon Nukleonen nucleons CHEBI:33253 nucleon A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow. chebi_ontology nutrients CHEBI:33284 nutrient Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. pnictogens chebi_ontology group 15 elements group V elements nitrogenoideos nitrogenoides pnictogene pnictogenes CHEBI:33300 pnictogen 铋 Wismut bismuth bismuto bismuto 0 Bi InChI=1S/Bi JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 208.98038 208.98040 [Bi] CAS:7440-69-9 WebElements:Bi bismuth chebi_ontology 83Bi Bi Bismut Wismut bismuth bismuto CHEBI:33301 bismuth atom Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table. PMID:17084588 chalcogen chalcogens chebi_ontology Chalkogen Chalkogene anfigeno anfigenos calcogeno calcogenos chalcogene chalcogenes group 16 elements group VI elements CHEBI:33303 chalcogen group 14 elements chebi_ontology carbon group element carbon group elements carbonoides cristallogene cristallogenes group IV elements CHEBI:33306 carbon group element atom noble gas noble gases chebi_ontology Edelgas Edelgase gas noble gases nobles gaz noble gaz nobles group 18 elements group VIII elements inert gases noble gas rare gases CHEBI:33309 noble gas atom 氖 Neon néon neón neon 0 Ne InChI=1S/Ne GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20.17970 19.99244 [Ne] CAS:7440-01-9 WebElements:Ne neon chebi_ontology 10Ne Ne Neon neon CHEBI:33310 neon atom A radioactive metallic element discovered in 1898 by Marie Sklodowska Curie and named after her home country, Poland (Latin Polonia). 钋 Polonium polonium polonio polonio 0 Po InChI=1S/Po HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 209.00000 209.00000 [Po] CAS:7440-08-6 Gmelin:40435 WebElements:Po polonium chebi_ontology 84Po Po polonio polonium CHEBI:33313 polonium atom 氡 Radon radon radón radon 0 Rn InChI=1S/Rn SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 222.00000 222.00000 [Rn] CAS:10043-92-2 Gmelin:16242 WebElements:Rn radon chebi_ontology 86Rn Rn niton radium emanation radon CHEBI:33314 radon atom group 13 elements chebi_ontology Element der Borgruppe boron group element boron group elements group III elements CHEBI:33317 boron group element atom An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table. main group elements chebi_ontology Hauptgruppenelement Hauptgruppenelemente main group element CHEBI:33318 main group element atom lanthanoids chebi_ontology Lanthanoid Lanthanoide Lanthanoidengruppe Lanthanoidenreiche Ln lanthanide lanthanides lanthanoid CHEBI:33319 lanthanoid atom actinoids chebi_ontology Actinoid Actinoide Actinoidenelemente Actinoidengruppe Aktinoide Aktinoidenelemente An actinide actinides actinoid CHEBI:33320 actinoid atom rare earth metals chebi_ontology rare earth metal CHEBI:33321 rare earth metal atom 铷 Rubidium rubidium rubidio rubidio 0 Rb InChI=1S/Rb IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 85.46780 84.91179 [Rb] CAS:7440-17-7 DrugBank:DB06749 Gmelin:16244 WebElements:Rb rubidium chebi_ontology 37Rb Rb rubidio rubidium CHEBI:33322 rubidium atom 钫 Franzium francium francio francio 0 Fr InChI=1S/Fr KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 223.00000 223.00000 [Fr] CAS:7440-73-5 Gmelin:40458 WebElements:Fr francium chebi_ontology 87Fr Fr Franzium francio francium CHEBI:33323 francium atom 锶 Strontium strontium estroncio stronzio 0 Sr InChI=1S/Sr CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 87.62000 87.90561 [Sr] CAS:7440-24-6 WebElements:Sr strontium chebi_ontology 38Sr Sr estroncio strontium CHEBI:33324 strontium atom 镭 Radium radium radio radio 0 Ra InChI=1S/Ra HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 226.00000 226.00000 [Ra] CAS:7440-14-4 WebElements:Ra radium chebi_ontology 88Ra Ra radio radium CHEBI:33325 radium atom 钪 Skandium scandium escandio scandio 0 Sc InChI=1S/Sc SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 44.95591 44.95591 [Sc] CAS:7440-20-2 WebElements:Sc scandium chebi_ontology 21Sc Sc Skandium escandio scandium CHEBI:33330 scandium atom 钇 Yttrium yttrium itrio ittrio 0 Y InChI=1S/Y VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 88.90585 88.90584 [Y] CAS:7440-65-5 Gmelin:16319 WebElements:Y yttrium chebi_ontology 39Y Y ytrio yttrium CHEBI:33331 yttrium atom group 3 elements chebi_ontology scandium group element scandium group elements CHEBI:33335 scandium group element atom 镧 Lanthan lanthane lantano lantanio 0 La InChI=1S/La FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 138.90550 138.90636 [La] CAS:7439-91-0 Gmelin:16203 WebElements:La lanthanum chebi_ontology 57La La Lanthan lantano lanthane lanthanum CHEBI:33336 lanthanum atom 锕 Aktinium actinium actinio attinio 0 Ac InChI=1S/Ac QQINRWTZWGJFDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 227.00000 227.00000 [Ac] CAS:7440-34-8 WebElements:Ac actinium chebi_ontology 89Ac Ac Aktinium actinio actinium CHEBI:33337 actinium atom group 12 elements chebi_ontology zinc group element zinc group elements CHEBI:33340 zinc group element atom 钛 Titan titane titanio titanio 0 Ti InChI=1S/Ti RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 47.86700 47.94794 [Ti] CAS:7440-32-6 WebElements:Ti titanium chebi_ontology 22Ti Ti Titan titane titanio titanium CHEBI:33341 titanium atom 锆 Zirkonium zirconium circonio zirconio 0 Zr InChI=1S/Zr QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 91.22400 89.90470 [Zr] CAS:7440-67-7 WebElements:Zr zirconium chebi_ontology 40Zr Zirkonium Zr circonio zirconio zirconium CHEBI:33342 zirconium atom 铪 Hafnium hafnium hafnio hafnio 0 Hf InChI=1S/Hf VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 178.49000 179.94656 [Hf] CAS:7440-58-6 WebElements:Hf hafnium chebi_ontology 72Hf Hf hafnio hafnium CHEBI:33343 hafnium atom 铌 Niob niobium niobio niobio 0 Nb InChI=1S/Nb GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 92.90638 92.90637 [Nb] CAS:7440-03-1 WebElements:Nb niobium chebi_ontology 41Nb Nb Niob columbio columbium niobio niobium CHEBI:33344 niobium atom group 4 elements chebi_ontology titanium group element titanium group elements CHEBI:33345 titanium group element atom 钅卢 Rutherfordium rutherfordium ruterfordio rutherfordio 0 Rf InChI=1S/Rf YGPLJIIQQIDVFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 261.00000 267.00000 [Rf] WebElements:Rf rutherfordium chebi_ontology 104Rf Ku Rf Unq kurchatovium rutherfordio rutherfordium unnilquadium CHEBI:33346 rutherfordium atom group 5 elements chebi_ontology vanadium group element vanadium group elements CHEBI:33347 vanadium group element atom 钽 Tantal tantale tántalo tantalio 0 Ta InChI=1S/Ta GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 180.94790 180.94800 [Ta] CAS:7440-25-7 WebElements:Ta tantalum chebi_ontology 73Ta Ta Tantal tantale tantalo tantalum CHEBI:33348 tantalum atom 钅杜 Dubnium dubnium dubnio dubnio 0 Db 262.00000 270.00000 [Db] WebElements:Db dubnium chebi_ontology 105Db Db Ha Ns Unp dubnio dubnium hahnium nielsbohrium unnilpentium CHEBI:33349 dubnium atom group 6 elements chebi_ontology chromium group element chromium group elements CHEBI:33350 chromium group element atom  钅喜 Seaborgium seaborgium seaborgio seaborgio 0 Sg 263.00000 271.00000 [Sg] WebElements:Sg seaborgium chebi_ontology 106Sg Sg Unh seaborgio seaborgium unnilhexium CHEBI:33351 seaborgium atom group 7 elements chebi_ontology manganese group element manganese group elements CHEBI:33352 manganese group element atom 锝 Technetium technétium tecnecio tecnezio 0 Tc InChI=1S/Tc GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 98.00000 97.00000 [Tc] CAS:7440-26-8 Gmelin:16310 WebElements:Tc technetium chebi_ontology 43Tc Tc Technetium technetium tecnecio CHEBI:33353 technetium atom 钅波 Bohrium bohrium bohrio bohrio 0 Bh 264.00000 270.00000 [Bh] WebElements:Bh bohrium chebi_ontology 107Bh Bh Ns Uns bohrio bohrium nielsbohrium unnilseptium CHEBI:33355 bohrium atom group 8 elements chebi_ontology iron group element iron group elements CHEBI:33356 iron group element atom 钅黑 Hassium hassium hassio hassio 0 Hs 265.00000 277.00000 [Hs] WebElements:Hs hassium chebi_ontology 108Hs Ha Hs Uno hahnium hassio hassium unniloctium CHEBI:33357 hassium atom group 9 elements chebi_ontology cobalt group element cobalt group elements CHEBI:33358 cobalt group element atom A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45. 铑 Rhodium rhodium rodio rodio 0 Rh InChI=1S/Rh MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 102.90550 102.90550 [Rh] CAS:7440-16-6 PMID:2936374 WebElements:Rh Wikipedia:Rhodium rhodium chebi_ontology 45Rh Rh rhodium rodio CHEBI:33359 rhodium atom 钅麦 Meitnerium meitnérium meitnerio meitnerio 0 Mt 0.00000 0.00000 [Mt] WebElements:Mt meitnerium chebi_ontology 109Mt Mt Une meitnerio meitnerium unnilennium CHEBI:33361 meitnerium atom group 10 elements chebi_ontology nickel group element nickel group elements CHEBI:33362 nickel group element atom Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46. 钯 Palladium palladium paladio palladio 0 Pd InChI=1S/Pd KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 106.42000 105.90348 [Pd] CAS:7440-05-3 PMID:25097477 Reaxys:4937491 WebElements:Pd Wikipedia:Palladium palladium chebi_ontology 46Pd Pd paladio CHEBI:33363 palladium 铂 Platin platine platino platino 0 Pt InChI=1S/Pt BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 195.078 194.96479 [Pt] CAS:7440-06-4 WebElements:Pt platinum chebi_ontology 78Pt Platin Pt platine platino CHEBI:33364 platinum chebi_ontology PGM Platinmetalle Platinoide platinoid platinum group metal platinum group metals platinum metals CHEBI:33365 platinum group metal atom group 11 elements chebi_ontology coinage metals copper group element copper group elements CHEBI:33366 copper group element atom  钅达  Darmstadtium darmstadtium darmstadtio darmstadtio 0 Ds 0.00000 0.00000 WebElements:Ds darmstadtium chebi_ontology 110Ds Ds Uun darmstadtio ununnilium CHEBI:33367 darmstadtium A copper group element atom with atomic number 111. The the ninth member of the 6d series of transition metals, it is an extremely radioactive, synthetic element. Average mass is around 281. 錀 Roentgentium roentgentium roentgentio roentgentio 0 Rg InChI=1S/Rg LJROPTGWFUZRDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 0.00000 [Rg] WebElements:Rg Wikipedia:Roentgenium roentgenium chebi_ontology 111Rg Rg Roentgenium Uuu roentgenio roentgenium unununium CHEBI:33368 roentgenium atom 铈 Zer cérium cerio cerio 0 Ce InChI=1S/Ce GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 140.11600 139.90544 [Ce] CAS:7440-45-1 Gmelin:16275 WebElements:Ce cerium chebi_ontology 58Ce Ce Cer Zer cerio CHEBI:33369 cerium 钕 Neodym néodyme neodimio neodimio 0 Nd InChI=1S/Nd QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 144.24000 141.90773 [Nd] CAS:7440-00-8 Gmelin:16212 WebElements:Nd neodymium chebi_ontology 60Nd Nd Neodym neodimio neodyme neodymium CHEBI:33372 neodymium atom 钷 Promethium prométhium promecio promezio 0 Pm InChI=1S/Pm VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 145.00000 145.00000 [Pm] CAS:7440-12-2 Gmelin:16237 WebElements:Pm promethium chebi_ontology 61Pm Pm Promethium promethium prometio CHEBI:33373 promethium atom 钐 Samarium samarium samario samario 0 Sm InChI=1S/Sm KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 150.36000 151.91974 [Sm] CAS:7440-19-9 Gmelin:16301 WebElements:Sm samarium chebi_ontology 62Sm Sm samario samarium CHEBI:33374 samarium atom 钆 Gadolinium gadolinium gadolineo gadolinio 0 Gd InChI=1S/Gd UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 157.25000 157.92411 [Gd] CAS:7440-54-2 Gmelin:16286 WebElements:Gd gadolinium chebi_ontology 64Gd Gd gadolinio gadolinium CHEBI:33375 gadolinium atom 铽 Terbium terbium terbio terbio 0 Tb InChI=1S/Tb GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 158.92534 158.92535 [Tb] CAS:7440-27-9 Gmelin:16311 WebElements:Tb terbium chebi_ontology 65Tb Tb terbio terbium CHEBI:33376 terbium atom 镝 Dysprosium dysprosium disprosio disprosio 0 Dy InChI=1S/Dy KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 162.50000 163.92918 [Dy] CAS:7429-91-6 Gmelin:16278 WebElements:Dy dysprosium chebi_ontology 66Dy Dy disprosio dysprosium CHEBI:33377 dysprosium atom 铒 Erbium erbium erbio erbio 0 Er InChI=1S/Er UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 167.26000 165.93030 [Er] CAS:7440-52-0 Gmelin:16280 WebElements:Er erbium chebi_ontology 68Er Er erbio CHEBI:33379 erbium 铥 Thulium thulium tulio tulio 0 Tm InChI=1S/Tm FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 168.93421 168.93422 [Tm] CAS:7440-30-4 Gmelin:16307 WebElements:Tm thulium chebi_ontology 69Tm Tm thulium tulio CHEBI:33380 thulium atom 镱 Ytterbium ytterbium iterbio itterbio 0 Yb InChI=1S/Yb NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 173.04000 173.93887 [Yb] CAS:7440-64-4 Gmelin:16320 WebElements:Yb ytterbium chebi_ontology 70Yb Yb yterbio CHEBI:33381 ytterbium 镥 Lutetium lutécium lutecio lutezio 0 Lu InChI=1S/Lu OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 174.96700 174.94078 [Lu] CAS:7439-94-3 Gmelin:16202 WebElements:Lu lutetium chebi_ontology 71Lu Cassiopeium Lu Lutetium cassiopium lutecio lutecium lutetium CHEBI:33382 lutetium atom 钍 Thorium thorium torio torio 0 Th InChI=1S/Th ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 232.03810 232.03806 [Th] CAS:7440-29-1 KEGG:C19157 WebElements:Th thorium chebi_ontology 90Th Th torio CHEBI:33385 thorium 镤 Protaktinium protactinium protactinio protoattinio 0 Pa InChI=1S/Pa XLROVYAPLOFLNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 231.03588 231.03589 [Pa] CAS:7440-13-3 WebElements:Pa protactinium chebi_ontology 91Pa Pa brevium protactinio protactinium protoactinium CHEBI:33386 protactinium atom 镎 Neptunium neptunium neptunio nettunio 0 Np InChI=1S/Np LFNLGNPSGWYGGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 237.00000 237.00000 [Np] CAS:7439-99-8 WebElements:Np neptunium chebi_ontology 93Np Np neptunio neptunium CHEBI:33387 neptunium atom 钚 Plutonium plutonium plutonio plutonio 0 Pu InChI=1S/Pu OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 244.00000 244.00000 [Pu] CAS:7440-07-5 KEGG:C19159 WebElements:Pu plutonium chebi_ontology 94Pu Pu plutonio plutonium CHEBI:33388 plutonium atom 镅 Amerizium américium americio americio 0 Am InChI=1S/Am LXQXZNRPTYVCNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 243.00000 243.00000 [Am] CAS:7440-35-9 WebElements:Am americium chebi_ontology 95Am Am Americium Amerizium americio americium CHEBI:33389 americium atom 锔 Kurium curium curio curio 0 Cm InChI=1S/Cm NIWWFAAXEMMFMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 247.00000 247.00000 [Cm] CAS:7440-51-9 WebElements:Cm curium chebi_ontology 96Cm Cm curio curium CHEBI:33390 curium atom 锫 Berkelium berkélium berkelio berkelio 0 Bk InChI=1S/Bk PWVKJRSRVJTHTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 247.00000 247.00000 [Bk] CAS:7440-40-6 WebElements:Bk berkelium chebi_ontology 97Bk Berkelium Bk berkelio berkelium CHEBI:33391 berkelium atom 锎 Kalifornium californium californio californio 0 Cf InChI=1S/Cf HGLDOAKPQXAFKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 251.00000 251.00000 [Cf] CAS:7440-71-3 WebElements:Cf californium chebi_ontology 98Cf Cf Kalifornium californio californium CHEBI:33392 californium atom 锿 Einsteinium einsteinium einstenio einstenio 0 Es InChI=1S/Es CKBRQZNRCSJHFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 252.00000 252.00000 [Es] CAS:7429-92-7 WebElements:Es einsteinium chebi_ontology 99Es Es einsteinio einsteinium CHEBI:33393 einsteinium atom 镄 Fermium fermium fermio fermio 0 Fm InChI=1S/Fm MIORUQGGZCBUGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 257.00000 257.00000 [Fm] CAS:7440-72-4 WebElements:Fm fermium chebi_ontology 100Fm Fm fermio CHEBI:33394 fermium 钔 Mendelevium mendélévium mendelevio mendelevio 0 Md InChI=1S/Md MQVSLOYRCXQRPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 258.00000 258.00000 [Md] CAS:7440-11-1 WebElements:Md mendelevium chebi_ontology 101Md Md Mendelevium Unu mendelevio mendelevium unnilunium CHEBI:33395 mendelevium atom 锘 Nobelium nobélium nobelio nobelio 0 No InChI=1S/No ORQBXQOJMQIAOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 259.00000 259.00000 [No] CAS:10028-14-5 WebElements:No Nobelium nobelium chebi_ontology 102No No Unb nobelio unnilbium CHEBI:33396 nobelium 铹 Lawrencium lawrencium lawrencio laurenzio 0 Lr InChI=1S/Lr CNQCVBJFEGMYDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 262.00000 262.00000 [Lr] CAS:22537-19-5 WebElements:Lr lawrencium chebi_ontology 103Lr Lr Unt laurencio lawrencio lawrencium unniltrium CHEBI:33397 lawrencium atom A zinc group element atom with a symbol Cn and atomic number 112. All its isotopes are intensely radioactive. Prior to its discovery, it had the placeholder name ununbium (in accordance with IUPAC recommendations). Following its discovery (in Darmstadt, 1996) and subsequent confirmation, the name copernicium was adopted in 2010. 鎶 Kopernikum copérnicum copernico copernico 0 Cn InChI=1S/Cn NOTIIDSZELDPOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N NaN 0.00000 [Cn] Wikipedia:Copernicium copernicium chebi_ontology 112Cn 112Cp 112Uub Cn Uub ununbium CHEBI:33517 copernicium atom An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity. CHEBI:25217 CHEBI:6788 KEGG:C00050 PMID:21784043 Wikipedia:Metal chebi_ontology elemental metal elemental metals metal element metal elements metals CHEBI:33521 metal atom chebi_ontology s-block element s-block elements CHEBI:33559 s-block element atom Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table. chebi_ontology p-block element p-block elements CHEBI:33560 p-block element atom chebi_ontology d-block element d-block elements CHEBI:33561 d-block element atom chebi_ontology f-block element f-block elements CHEBI:33562 f-block element atom A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. chebi_ontology main group compounds main group molecular entities CHEBI:33579 main group molecular entity chebi_ontology CHEBI:33937 macronutrient Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek lambdaepsilonpitauomicronsigma (small, thin). chebi_ontology leptons CHEBI:36338 lepton Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek betaalpharhoupsilonsigma (heavy). chebi_ontology baryons CHEBI:36339 baryon Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. Fermions are named after Enrico Fermi. fermion chebi_ontology fermions CHEBI:36340 fermion A particle smaller than an atom. chebi_ontology subatomic particles CHEBI:36342 subatomic particle A subatomic particle known to have substructure (i.e. consisting of smaller particles). chebi_ontology composite particles CHEBI:36343 composite particle Hadron is a subatomic particle which experiences the strong force. chebi_ontology hadrons CHEBI:36344 hadron A nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states. nuclear particle chebi_ontology CHEBI:36347 nuclear particle 氩 Argon argon argón argo 0 Ar InChI=1S/Ar XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 39.94800 39.96238 [Ar] CHEBI:33311 CAS:7440-37-1 WebElements:Ar argon chebi_ontology 18Ar Ar argon CHEBI:49475 argon atom A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq. 镓 Gallium gallium galio gallio 0 Ga InChI=1S/Ga GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 69.72300 68.92557 [Ga] CHEBI:33326 CHEBI:49630 CAS:7440-55-3 WebElements:Ga gallium chebi_ontology 31Ga Ga galio gallium CHEBI:49631 gallium atom 1 氢 Wasserstoff hydrogène hidrógeno idrogeno 0 H InChI=1S/H YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1.00794 1.00783 [H] CHEBI:24634 CHEBI:49636 WebElements:H hydrogen chebi_ontology 1H H Wasserstoff hidrogeno hydrogen hydrogene CHEBI:49637 hydrogen atom 钬 Holmium holmium holmio olmio 0 Ho InChI=1S/Ho KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 164.93032 164.93033 [Ho] CHEBI:33378 CHEBI:49647 CAS:7440-60-0 Gmelin:16291 WebElements:Ho holmium chebi_ontology 67Ho Ho holmio holmium CHEBI:49648 holmium atom 铱 Iridium iridium iridio iridio 0 Ir InChI=1S/Ir GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 192.21700 192.96292 [Ir] CHEBI:33360 CHEBI:49665 CAS:7439-88-5 WebElements:Ir iridium chebi_ontology 77Ir Ir iridio iridium CHEBI:49666 iridium atom 氪 Krypton krypton criptón kripto 0 Kr InChI=1S/Kr DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 83.80000 83.91150 [Kr] CHEBI:33312 CAS:7439-90-9 WebElements:Kr krypton chebi_ontology 36Kr Kr cripton kripton krypton CHEBI:49696 krypton atom 镨 Praseodym praséodyme prosedimio praseodimio 0 Pr InChI=1S/Pr PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 140.90765 140.90766 [Pr] CHEBI:33370 CHEBI:49827 CAS:7440-10-0 WebElements:Pr praseodymium chebi_ontology 59Pr Pr Praseodym praseodimio praseodyme praseodymium CHEBI:49828 praseodymium atom 铼 Rhenium rhénium renio renio 0 Re InChI=1S/Re WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 186.20700 186.95575 [Re] CHEBI:33354 CHEBI:49879 CAS:7440-15-5 WebElements:Re rhenium chebi_ontology 75Re Re Rhenium renio rhenium CHEBI:49882 rhenium atom 氙 Xenon xénon xenón xeno 0 Xe InChI=1S/Xe FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 131.29000 131.90416 [Xe] CHEBI:32305 CAS:7440-63-3 Gmelin:16318 KEGG:C13373 WebElements:Xe xenon chebi_ontology 54Xe Xe Xenon xenon CHEBI:49957 xenon atom A role played by a chemical compound which is known to induce a process of carcinogenesis by corrupting normal cellular pathways, leading to the acquistion of tumoral capabilities. chebi_ontology agente carcinogeno cancerigene cancerogene carcinogen carcinogene carcinogenic agents carcinogeno carcinogens CHEBI:50903 carcinogenic agent A chemical compound, or part thereof, which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy. Wikipedia:Allergen chebi_ontology alergeno allergene allergenic agent CHEBI:50904 allergen A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. chebi_ontology CHEBI:50906 role A biological role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biochemical context. chebi_ontology CHEBI:52206 biochemical role A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process. chebi_ontology etiopathogenetic agent etiopathogenetic role CHEBI:52209 aetiopathogenetic role chebi_ontology CHEBI:52211 physiological role Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. CHEBI:33293 CHEBI:33294 chebi_ontology farmaco medicament pharmaceuticals CHEBI:52217 pharmaceutical The biological role played by a material entity when bound by a receptor of the adaptive immune system. Specific site on an antigen to which an antibody binds. chebi_ontology antigenic determinant epitope function epitope role CHEBI:53000 epitope Any pharmacological or immunological agent that modifies the effect of other agents such as drugs or vaccines while having few if any direct effects when given by itself. chebi_ontology adjuvants CHEBI:60809 adjuvant Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in eukaryotes, the taxon that include members of the fungi, plantae and animalia kingdoms. chebi_ontology eukaryotic metabolites CHEBI:75763 eukaryotic metabolite Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in animals that include diverse creatures from sponges, insects to mammals. CHEBI:77721 CHEBI:77743 chebi_ontology animal metabolites CHEBI:75767 animal metabolite Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in mammals. CHEBI:77464 CHEBI:77744 chebi_ontology mammalian metabolites CHEBI:75768 mammalian metabolite Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). CHEBI:76949 CHEBI:76951 chebi_ontology S. cerevisiae metabolite S. cerevisiae metabolites S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites baker's yeast metabolite baker's yeast metabolites baker's yeast secondary metabolite baker's yeast secondary metabolites CHEBI:75772 Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in prokaryotes, the taxon that include members of domains such as the bacteria and archaea. chebi_ontology prokaryotic metabolites CHEBI:75787 prokaryotic metabolite Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds. CHEBI:75765 CHEBI:76947 chebi_ontology fungal metabolites CHEBI:76946 fungal metabolite Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria. CHEBI:75760 CHEBI:76970 chebi_ontology CHEBI:76969 bacterial metabolite Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli. chebi_ontology E.coli metabolite E.coli metabolites Escherichia coli metabolites CHEBI:76971 Escherichia coli metabolite Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens). CHEBI:75770 CHEBI:77123 chebi_ontology H. sapiens metabolite H. sapiens metabolites Homo sapiens metabolite Homo sapiens metabolites CHEBI:77746 human metabolite Any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. chebi_ontology dietary component dietary components food components CHEBI:78295 food component Any metal which causes the onset of an allergic reaction. chebi_ontology allergenic metal allergenic metals metal allergens CHEBI:88184 metal allergen The valence shell is the outermost shell of an atom. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shell Oliver He, Kaiyong Liu valence shell A valence electron is an outer shell electron that is associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond if the outer shell is not closed; in a single covalent bond, both atoms in the bond contribute one valence electron in order to form a shared pair. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_electron Oliver He, Kaiyong Liu valence electron A quality of material that, when freshly prepared, polished, or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electricity and heat relatively well. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal Oliver He, Kaiyong Liu metal quality A quality of material that conducts spontaneous nuclear decay. radioactivity https://opentextbc.ca/introductorychemistry/chapter/radioactivity-2/ radioactive quality Nihonium is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Nh and atomic number 113. It is extremely radioactive; its most stable known isotope, nihonium-286, has a half-life of about 10 seconds. In the periodic table, nihonium is a transactinide element in the p-block. It is a member of period 7 and group 13 (boron group). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihonium 钅尔 Nihonium nihonium nihonio nihonio Nh nihonium nihonium atom An orbit followed by electrons around an atom's nucleus. The closest shell to the nucleus is called the "1 shell" (also called the "K shell"), followed by the "2 shell" (or "L shell"), then the "3 shell" (or "M shell"), and so on farther and farther from the nucleus. The shells correspond to the principal quantum numbers (n = 1, 2, 3, 4 ...) or are labeled alphabetically with the letters used in X-ray notation (K, L, M, …). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shell Oliver He, Kaiyong Liu electron shell An element classied in the IUACP group in the periodic table IUACP group element https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(periodic_table) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table Oliver He, Kaiyong Liu International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUACP) Under an international naming convention, the groups are numbered numerically from 1 to 18 from the leftmost column (the alkali metals) to the rightmost column (the noble gases). element atom in IUACP group part of an electron shell. For example, the first (K) shell has one subshell, called 1s; the second (L) shell has two subshells, called 2s and 2p; the third shell has 3s, 3p, and 3d; the fourth shell has 4s, 4p, 4d and 4f; the fifth shell has 5s, 5p, 5d, and 5f and can theoretically hold more in the 5g subshell that is not occupied in the ground-state electron configuration of any known element. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shell subshell A subshell that has a maxium of 10 electrons and is contained in the 3rd shell and higher. diffuse subshell https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_orbital https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shell#Subshells d subshell A subshell that has a maxium of 2 electrons and is contained in every shell https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_orbital https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shell#Subshells s subshell A subshell that has a maxium of 18 electrons and is contained in the 5th shell and higher. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_orbital https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shell#Subshells g subshell A subshell that has a maxium of 22 electrons with 11 atomic orbitals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_orbital https://socratic.org/questions/how-many-atomic-orbitals-are-there-in-an-h-subshell h subshell A subshell that has a maxium of 14 electrons and is contained in the 4th shell and higher. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_orbital https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shell#Subshells f subshell A subshell that has a maxium of 6 electrons and is contained in the 2nd shell and higher. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_orbital https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shell#Subshells p subshell 1 1 an element atom in group 1 of the periodic table according to the IUACP classification https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)#Group_1 IUACP group 1 element atom 2 2 an element atom in group 2 of the periodic table according to the IUACP classification https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(periodic_table) IUACP group 2 element atom 3 3 an element atom in group 3 of the periodic table according to the IUACP classification https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(periodic_table) IUACP group 3 element atom 4 4 an element atom in group 4 of the periodic table according to the IUACP classification https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(periodic_table) IUACP group 4 element atom 5 5 an element atom in group 5 of the periodic table according to the IUACP classification https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(periodic_table) IUACP group 5 element atom 6 6 an element atom in group 6 of the periodic table according to the IUACP classification https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(periodic_table) IUACP group 6 element atom 7 7 an element atom in group 7 of the periodic table according to the IUACP classification https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(periodic_table) IUACP group 7 element atom 8 8 an element atom in group 8 of the periodic table according to the IUACP classification https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(periodic_table) IUACP group 8 element atom 9 9 an element atom in group 9 of the periodic table according to the IUACP classification https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(periodic_table) IUACP group 9 element atom 10 10 an element atom in group 10 of the periodic table according to the IUACP classification https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(periodic_table) IUACP group 10 element atom 11 11 an element atom in group 11 of the periodic table according to the IUACP classification https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(periodic_table) IUACP group 11 element atom A quality of material that mostly lacks the characteristics of a metal. Physically, a nonmetal tends to have a relatively low melting point, boiling point, and density. A nonmetal is typically brittle when solid and usually has poor thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. Chemically, nonmetals tend to have relatively high ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity. They gain or share electrons when they react with other elements and chemical compounds. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonmetal Kaiyong Liu, Oliver He nonmetal quality 12 12 an element atom in group 12 of the periodic table according to the IUACP classification https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(periodic_table) IUACP group 12 element atom 3 3 an element atom in group 13 of the periodic table according to the IUACP classification https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(periodic_table) IUACP group 13 element atom 4 4 an element atom in group 14 of the periodic table according to the IUACP classification https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(periodic_table) IUACP group 14 element atom 5 5 an element atom in group 15 of the periodic table according to the IUACP classification https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(periodic_table) IUACP group 15 element atom 6 6 an element atom in group 16 of the periodic table according to the IUACP classification https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(periodic_table) IUACP group 16 element atom 7 7 an element atom in group 17 of the periodic table according to the IUACP classification https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(periodic_table) Group VIIA IUACP group 17 element atom 0 0 7 an element atom in group 18 of the periodic table according to the IUACP classification https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(periodic_table) IUACP group 18 element atom An atom that is classified as a chemical element in a period (or row) in the periodic table. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_(periodic_table) Oliver He, Kaiyong Liu element atom in period 1 an element atom in period 1 of the periodic table https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)#Period_1 period 1 element atom 2 an element atom in period 2 of the periodic table https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)#Period_2 period 2 element atom 3 an element atom in period 3 of the periodic table https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)#Period_3 period 3 element atom 4 an element atom in period 4 of the periodic table https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)#Period_4 period 4 element atom 5 an element atom in period 5 of the periodic table https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)#Period_5 period 5 element atom 7 4 Flerovium is a superheavy artificial chemical element with the symbol Fl and atomic number 114. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element. The element is named after the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, where the element was discovered in 1998. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flerovium 钅夫 Flerovium flerovium flerovio flerovio Fl flerovium flerovium atom Moscovium is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Mc and atomic number 115. It was first synthesized in 2003 by a joint team of Russian and American scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia. In December 2015, it was recognized as one of four new elements by the Joint Working Party of international scientific bodies IUPAC and IUPAP. On 28 November 2016, it was officially named after the Moscow Oblast, in which the JINR is situated. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscovium 镆 Moscovium moscovium moscovio moscovio Mc moscovium moscovium atom 6 an element atom in period 6 of the periodic table https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)#Period_6 period 6 element atom 7 an element atom in period 7 of the periodic table https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)#Period_7 period 7 element atom 8 an element atom in period 8 of the periodic table https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)#Period_8 period 8 element atom 7 6 Livermorium is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Lv and has an atomic number of 116. It is an extremely radioactive element that has only been created in the laboratory and has not been observed in nature. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium 鉝 Livermorium livermorium livermorio livermorio Lv livermorium The element is named after the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the United States, which collaborated with the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia to discover livermorium during experiments made between 2000 and 2006. The name of the laboratory refers to the city of Livermore, California where it is located, which in turn was named after the rancher and landowner Robert Livermore. The name was adopted by IUPAC on May 30, 2012. Four isotopes of livermorium are known, with mass numbers between 290 and 293 inclusive; the longest-lived among them is livermorium-293 with a half-life of about 60 milliseconds. A fifth possible isotope with mass number 294 has been reported but not yet confirmed. livermorium atom Tennessine is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Ts and atomic number 117. It is the second-heaviest known element and the penultimate element of the 7th period of the periodic table. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessine 石田 Tennessine tennessine tennessio tennessio Ts tennessine tennessine atom Oganesson is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Og and atomic number 118. It was first synthesized in 2002 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, near Moscow, Russia, by a joint team of Russian and American scientists. In December 2015, it was recognized as one of four new elements by the Joint Working Party of the international scientific bodies IUPAC and IUPAP. It was formally named on 28 November 2016 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oganesson 气奥 Oganesson oganesson oganessio oganessio Og oganesson oganesson atom An atom that has an unstable nucleus and the unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_decay Oliver He, Kaiyong Liu radioactive atom A metal quality of material that is shiny, silvery-white, somewhat reactive at standard temperature and pressure. The alkaline earth metals are six chemical elements in group 2 of the periodic table. They are beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal Kaiyong Liu, Oliver He alkaline earth metal quality A quality of material that has properties in between, or that is a mixture of, those of metals and nonmetals. There is neither a standard definition of a metalloid nor complete agreement on the elements appropriately classified as such. Despite the lack of specificity, the term remains in use in the literature of chemistry. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalloid Kaiyong Liu, Oliver He metalloid quality A metal quality of material that is rare on earth. As defined by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, a rare earth metal element is one of a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, specifically the fifteen lanthanides, as well as scandium and yttrium. Despite their name, rare-earth elements are – with the exception of the radioactive promethium – relatively plentiful in Earth's crust, with cerium being the 25th most abundant element at 68 parts per million, more abundant than copper. However, because of their geochemical properties, rare-earth elements are typically dispersed and not often found concentrated in rare-earth minerals; as a result economically exploitable ore deposits are less common. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rare-earth_element Kaiyong Liu, Oliver He The first rare-earth mineral discovered (1787) was gadolinite, a mineral composed of cerium, yttrium, iron, silicon, and other elements. This mineral was extracted from a mine in the village of Ytterby in Sweden; four of the rare-earth elements bear names derived from this single location. rare earth metal quality A nonmetal quality of material that isodorless, colorless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity under standard conditions. The noble gases are historically also called the inert gases and sometimes referred to as aerogens. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_gas Kaiyong Liu, Oliver He noble gas quality A metal quality of material that is shiny, soft, highly reactive at standard temperature and pressure and readily lose their outermost electron to form cations with charge +1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal Kaiyong Liu, Oliver He alkali metal quality Leonard Jacuzzo Janna Hastings Barry Smith The BSD license on the BFO project site refers to code used to build BFO. Pierre Grenon David Osumi-Sutherland Selja Seppälä Werner Ceusters Jie Zheng Thomas Bittner Mathias Brochhausen This BFO 2.0 version represents a major update to BFO and is not strictly backwards compatible with BFO 1.1. The previous OWL version of BFO, version 1.1.1 will remain available at http://ifomis.org/bfo/1.1 and will no longer be updated. The BFO 2.0 OWL is a classes-only specification. The incorporation of core relations has been held over for a later version. Mauricio Almeida Please see the project site https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO, the bfo2 owl discussion group http://groups.google.com/group/bfo-owl-devel, the bfo2 discussion group http://groups.google.com/group/bfo-devel, the tracking google doc http://goo.gl/IlrEE, and the current version of the bfo2 reference http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/dev/bfo2-reference.docx. This ontology is generated from a specification at https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO/tree/master/src/ontology/owl-group/specification/ and with the code that generates the OWL version in https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO/tree/master/src/tools/. A very early version of BFO version 2 in CLIF is at http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/dev/bfo.clif. Melanie Courtot Bjoern Peters Yongqun "Oliver" He James A. Overton Jonathan Bona Holger Stenzhorn Fabian Neuhaus Randall Dipert Stefan Schulz Larry Hunter BFO 2 Reference: BFO's treatment of continuants and occurrents - as also its treatment of regions, rests on a dichotomy between space and time, and on the view that there are two perspectives on reality - earlier called the 'SNAP' and 'SPAN' perspectives, both of which are essential to the non-reductionist representation of reality as we understand it from the best available science. Chris Mungall Ron Rudnicki BFO 2 Reference: BFO does not claim to provide complete coverage of entities of all types. It seeks only to provide coverage of those entities studied by empirical science together with those entities which affect or are involved in human activities such as data processing and planning - coverage that is sufficiently broad to provide assistance to those engaged in building domain ontologies for purposes of data annotation. Mark Ressler Albert Goldfain BFO 2 Reference: For both terms and relational expressions in BFO, we distinguish between primitive and defined. 'Entity' is an example of a primitive term. Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms that are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms. Alan Ruttenberg Bill Duncan Ludger Jansen 1.2 For any queries contact chebi-help@ebi.ac.uk Author: ChEBI curation team developed by Michael Ashburner & Pankaj Jaiswal. ChEBI Release version 184 ChEBI subsumes and replaces the Chemical Ontology first 27:01:2020 18:45