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=encoding UTF-8

=head1 NAME

ProductOpener::Nutriscore - compute the Nutriscore grade of a food product

=head1 SYNOPSIS

C<ProductOpener::Nutriscore> is used to compute the Nutriscore score and grade
of a food product.

    use ProductOpener::Nutriscore qw/:all/;

	my $nutriscore_data_ref = {
		# Nutrients
		energy =>  518,	# in kJ
		sugars => 3,
		saturated_fat => 0.7,
		saturated_fat_ratio => 0.7 / 3 * 100,
		sodium => 0.61 / 2.5 * 1000,	# in mg, sodium = salt divided by 2.5
		fruits_vegetables_nuts_colza_walnut_olive_oils => 20,	# in %
		fiber => 2.2,
		proteins => 6.7,

		# The Nutri-Score computation is different for beverages, waters, cheeses and fats
		is_beverage => 1,
		is_water => 0,
		is_cheese => 0,
		is_fat => 1, # for 2021 version
		is_fat_oil_nuts_seed => 1, # for 2023 version
	};

	my ($nutriscore_score, $nutriscore_grade) = compute_nutriscore_score_and_grade(
		$nutriscore_data_ref
	);

	print "Rounded value for sugars: " . $nutriscore_data_ref->{sugars_value} . "\n";
	print "Points for sugars: " . $nutriscore_data_ref->{sugars_points}. "\n";

=head1 DESCRIPTION

The modules implements the Nutri-Score computation as defined by Santé publique France.

Input values for nutrients are rounded according to the Nutri-Score definition and added
to the hash passed in parameter with the corresponding amount of positive or negative points.

=cut

package ProductOpener::Nutriscore;

use ProductOpener::PerlStandards;

use Exporter qw< import >;

use Log::Any qw($log);

BEGIN {
	use vars qw(@ISA @EXPORT_OK %EXPORT_TAGS);
	@EXPORT_OK = qw(

		%points_thresholds

		&compute_nutriscore_score_and_grade
		&compute_nutriscore_grade

		&get_value_with_one_less_negative_point_2023
		&get_value_with_one_more_positive_point_2023

	);    # symbols to export on request
	%EXPORT_TAGS = (all => [@EXPORT_OK]);
}

use vars @EXPORT_OK;

use ProductOpener::Numbers qw/round_to_max_decimal_places/;

=head1 FUNCTIONS

Note: a significantly different Nutri-Score algorithm has been published in 2022 and 2023
(respectively for foods and beverages).

The functions related to the previous algorithm are suffixed with _2021,
and functions for the new algorithm are suffixed with _2023.

We will keep both algorithms for a transition period, and we will be able to remove the
2021 algorithm and related functions after.

=cut

sub compute_nutriscore_score_and_grade ($nutriscore_data_ref, $version = "2021") {

	if ($version eq "2023") {
		return compute_nutriscore_score_and_grade_2023($nutriscore_data_ref);
	}
	return compute_nutriscore_score_and_grade_2021($nutriscore_data_ref);
}

# methods for an easy switch from version 2021 to version 2023.
sub get_value_with_one_less_negative_point ($nutriscore_data_ref, $nutrient) {
	return get_value_with_one_less_negative_point_2023($nutriscore_data_ref, $nutrient);
}

sub get_value_with_one_more_positive_point ($nutriscore_data_ref, $nutrient) {
	return get_value_with_one_more_positive_point_2023($nutriscore_data_ref, $nutrient);
}

sub compute_nutriscore_grade ($nutrition_score, $is_beverage, $is_water, $version = "2021") {
	if ($version eq "2023") {
		return compute_nutriscore_grade_2023($nutrition_score, $is_beverage, $is_water);
	}
	return compute_nutriscore_grade_2021($nutrition_score, $is_beverage, $is_water);
}

# 2021 algorithm

=head2 compute_nutriscore_score_and_grade_2021( $nutriscore_data_ref )

Computes the Nutri-Score score and grade
of a food product, and also returns the details of the points for each nutrient.

=head3 Arguments: $nutriscore_data_ref

Hash reference used for both input and output:

=head4 Input keys: data to compute Nutri-Score

The hash must contain values for the following keys:

- energy -> energy in kJ / 100g or 100ml
- sugars -> sugars in g / 100g or 100ml
- saturated_fat -> saturated fats in g / 100g or 100ml
- saturated_fat_ratio -> saturated fat divided by fat * 100 (in %)
- sodium -> sodium in mg / 100g or 100ml (if sodium is computed from salt, it needs to use a sodium = salt / 2.5 conversion factor)
- fruits_vegetables_nuts_colza_walnut_olive_oils -> % of fruits, vegetables, nuts, and colza / walnut / olive oils
- fiber -> fiber in g / 100g or 100ml
- proteins -> proteins in g / 100g or 100ml

The values will be rounded according to the Nutri-Score rules, they do not need to be rounded before being passed as arguments.

If the product is a beverage, water, cheese, or fat, it must contain a positive value for the corresponding keys:
- is_beverage
- is_water
- is_cheese
- is_fat

=head4 Output keys: details of the Nutri-Score computation

Returned values:

- [nutrient]_value -> rounded values for each nutrient according to the Nutri-Score rules
- [nutrient]_points -> points for each nutrient
- negative_points -> sum of negative nutrients points
- positive_points -> sum of positive nutrients points

The nutrients that are counted for the negative and positive points depend on the product type
(if it is a beverage, cheese or fat) and on the values for some of the nutrients.

=head3 Return values

The function returns a list of 2 values:

- Nutri-Score score from -15 to 40
- Corresponding Nutri-Score letter grade from a to e (in lowercase)

The letter grade depends on the score and on whether the product is a beverage, or is a water.

=cut

sub compute_nutriscore_score_and_grade_2021 ($nutriscore_data_ref) {

	# We will pass a %point structure to get the details of the computation
	# so that it can be returned
	my %points = ();

	my $nutrition_score = compute_nutriscore_score_2021($nutriscore_data_ref);

	my $nutrition_grade = compute_nutriscore_grade_2021(
		$nutrition_score,
		$nutriscore_data_ref->{is_beverage},
		$nutriscore_data_ref->{is_water}
	);

	return ($nutrition_score, $nutrition_grade);
}

my %points_thresholds_2021 = (

	# negative points

	energy => [335, 670, 1005, 1340, 1675, 2010, 2345, 2680, 3015, 3350],    # kJ / 100g
	energy_beverages => [0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270],    # kJ /100g or 100ml
	sugars => [4.5, 9, 13.5, 18, 22.5, 27, 31, 36, 40, 45],    # g / 100g
	sugars_beverages => [0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, 7.5, 9, 10.5, 12, 13.5],    # g / 100g or 100ml
	saturated_fat => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10],    # g / 100g
	saturated_fat_ratio => [10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 40, 46, 52, 58, 64],    # %
	sodium => [90, 180, 270, 360, 450, 540, 630, 720, 810, 900],    # mg / 100g

	# positive points

	fruits_vegetables_nuts_colza_walnut_olive_oils => [40, 60, 80, 80, 80],    # %
	fruits_vegetables_nuts_colza_walnut_olive_oils_beverages => [40, 40, 60, 60, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80],
	fiber => [0.9, 1.9, 2.8, 3.7, 4.7],    # g / 100g - AOAC method
	proteins => [1.6, 3.2, 4.8, 6.4, 8.0]    # g / 100g
);

=head2 get_value_with_one_less_negative_point_2021 ( $nutriscore_data_ref, $nutrient )

For a given Nutri-Score nutrient value, return the highest smaller value that would result in less negative points.
e.g. for a sugars value of 15 (which gives 3 points), return 13.5 (which gives 2 points).

The value corresponds to the highest smaller threshold.

Return undef is the input nutrient value already gives the minimum amount of points (0).

=cut

sub get_value_with_one_less_negative_point_2021 ($nutriscore_data_ref, $nutrient) {

	my $nutrient_threshold_id = $nutrient;
	if (    (defined $nutriscore_data_ref->{is_beverage})
		and ($nutriscore_data_ref->{is_beverage})
		and (defined $points_thresholds_2021{$nutrient_threshold_id . "_beverages"}))
	{
		$nutrient_threshold_id .= "_beverages";
	}

	my $lower_threshold;

	foreach my $threshold (@{$points_thresholds_2021{$nutrient_threshold_id}}) {
		# The saturated fat ratio table uses the greater or equal sign instead of greater
		if (   (($nutrient eq "saturated_fat_ratio") and ($nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient . "_value"} >= $threshold))
			or (($nutrient ne "saturated_fat_ratio") and ($nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient . "_value"} > $threshold)))
		{
			$lower_threshold = $threshold;
		}
	}

	return $lower_threshold;
}

=head2 get_value_with_one_more_positive_point_2021 ( $nutriscore_data_ref, $nutrient )

For a given Nutri-Score nutrient value, return the smallest higher value that would result in more positive points.
e.g. for a proteins value of 2.0 (which gives 1 point), return 3.3 (which gives 2 points)

The value corresponds to the smallest higher threshold + 1 increment so that it strictly greater than the threshold.

Return undef is the input nutrient value already gives the maximum amount of points.

=cut

sub get_value_with_one_more_positive_point_2021 ($nutriscore_data_ref, $nutrient) {

	my $nutrient_threshold_id = $nutrient;
	if (    (defined $nutriscore_data_ref->{is_beverage})
		and ($nutriscore_data_ref->{is_beverage})
		and (defined $points_thresholds_2021{$nutrient_threshold_id . "_beverages"}))
	{
		$nutrient_threshold_id .= "_beverages";
	}

	my $higher_threshold;

	foreach my $threshold (@{$points_thresholds_2021{$nutrient_threshold_id}}) {
		if ($nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient . "_value"} < $threshold) {
			$higher_threshold = $threshold;
			last;
		}
	}

	# The return value needs to be stricly greater than the threshold

	my $return_value = $higher_threshold;

	if ($return_value) {
		if ($nutrient eq "fruits_vegetables_nuts_colza_walnut_olive_oils") {
			$return_value += 1;
		}
		else {
			$return_value += 0.1;
		}
	}

	return $return_value;
}

sub compute_nutriscore_score_2021 ($nutriscore_data_ref) {

	# If the product is in fats and oils category,
	# the saturated fat points are replaced by the saturated fat / fat ratio points

	my $saturated_fat = "saturated_fat";
	if ($nutriscore_data_ref->{is_fat}) {
		$saturated_fat = "saturated_fat_ratio";
	}

	# The values must be rounded with one more digit than the thresolds.
	# Undefined values are counted as 0 (it can be the case in particular for waters that have different nutrients listed)

	# Note (2023/08/08): there used to be a rounding rule (e.g. in the Nutri-Score specification UPDATED 12/05/2020):
	# "Points are assigned for a given nutrient based on the content of the nutrient in question in the food, with a
	# rounded value corresponding to one additional number with regard to the point attribution threshold."
	#
	# This rule has been changed (e.g. in spec UPDATED 27/09/2022):
	# Points are assigned according to the values indicated on the mandatory nutritional declaration.
	# To determine number of decimals needed, we recommend the use of the European guidance document
	# with regards to the settings of tolerances for nutrient values for labels. For optional nutrients, in accordance
	# with Article 30-2 of the INCO regulation 1169/2011, such as fibre, rounding guidelines from the previous
	# document are also recommended.

	# Round with 1 digit after the comma for energy, saturated fat, saturated fat ratio, sodium and fruits

	foreach my $nutrient ("energy", $saturated_fat, "sodium", "fruits_vegetables_nuts_colza_walnut_olive_oils") {
		if (defined $nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient}) {
			$nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient . "_value"} = 0 + int($nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient} * 10 + 0.5) / 10;
		}
		else {
			$nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient . "_value"} = 0;
		}
	}

	# Round with 2 digits for sugars, fiber and proteins

	foreach my $nutrient ("sugars", "fiber", "proteins") {
		if (defined $nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient}) {
			$nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient . "_value"} = 0 + int($nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient} * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
		}
		else {
			$nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient . "_value"} = 0;
		}
	}

	# Special case for sugar: we need to round to 2 digits if we are close to a threshold defined with 1 digit (e.g. 4.5)
	# but if the threshold is defined with 0 digit (e.g. 9) we need to round with 1 digit.
	if (   (($nutriscore_data_ref->{"sugars_value"} - int($nutriscore_data_ref->{"sugars_value"})) > 0.9)
		or (($nutriscore_data_ref->{"sugars_value"} - int($nutriscore_data_ref->{"sugars_value"})) < 0.1))
	{
		$nutriscore_data_ref->{"sugars_value"} = 0 + int(($nutriscore_data_ref->{"sugars"} // 0) * 10 + 0.5) / 10;
	}

	# Compute the negative and positive points

	foreach
		my $nutrient ("energy", "sugars", $saturated_fat, "sodium", "fruits_vegetables_nuts_colza_walnut_olive_oils",
		"fiber", "proteins")
	{

		my $nutrient_threshold_id = $nutrient;
		if (    (defined $nutriscore_data_ref->{is_beverage})
			and ($nutriscore_data_ref->{is_beverage})
			and (defined $points_thresholds_2021{$nutrient_threshold_id . "_beverages"}))
		{
			$nutrient_threshold_id .= "_beverages";
		}

		$nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient . "_points"} = 0;

		foreach my $threshold (@{$points_thresholds_2021{$nutrient_threshold_id}}) {
			# The saturated fat ratio table uses the greater or equal sign instead of greater
			if (
				(($nutrient eq "saturated_fat_ratio") and ($nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient . "_value"} >= $threshold))
				or (    ($nutrient ne "saturated_fat_ratio")
					and ($nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient . "_value"} > $threshold))
				)
			{
				$nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient . "_points"}++;
			}
		}
	}

	# negative points

	$nutriscore_data_ref->{negative_points} = 0;
	foreach my $nutrient ("energy", "sugars", $saturated_fat, "sodium") {
		$nutriscore_data_ref->{negative_points} += $nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient . "_points"};
	}

	# If the sum of negative points is greater or equal to 11
	# and if the fruits points are less than the maximum (5 or 10 for beverages)
	# then proteins do not count

	# If the product is a cheese, always count the proteins points

	$nutriscore_data_ref->{positive_points} = 0;

	my @positive_nutrients = qw(fruits_vegetables_nuts_colza_walnut_olive_oils fiber);

	if (
		   ($nutriscore_data_ref->{negative_points} < 11)
		or ((defined $nutriscore_data_ref->{is_cheese}) and ($nutriscore_data_ref->{is_cheese}))
		or (    ((defined $nutriscore_data_ref->{is_beverage}) and ($nutriscore_data_ref->{is_beverage}))
			and ($nutriscore_data_ref->{fruits_vegetables_nuts_colza_walnut_olive_oils_points} == 10))
		or (    ((not defined $nutriscore_data_ref->{is_beverage}) or (not $nutriscore_data_ref->{is_beverage}))
			and ($nutriscore_data_ref->{fruits_vegetables_nuts_colza_walnut_olive_oils_points} == 5))
		)
	{
		push @positive_nutrients, "proteins";
	}

	foreach my $nutrient (@positive_nutrients) {
		$nutriscore_data_ref->{positive_points} += $nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient . "_points"};
	}

	my $score = $nutriscore_data_ref->{negative_points} - $nutriscore_data_ref->{positive_points};

	return $score;
}

sub compute_nutriscore_grade_2021 ($nutrition_score, $is_beverage, $is_water) {

	my $grade = "";

	if (not defined $nutrition_score) {
		return '';
	}

	if ($is_beverage) {

		if ($is_water) {
			$grade = 'a';
		}
		elsif ($nutrition_score <= 1) {
			$grade = 'b';
		}
		elsif ($nutrition_score <= 5) {
			$grade = 'c';
		}
		elsif ($nutrition_score <= 9) {
			$grade = 'd';
		}
		else {
			$grade = 'e';
		}
	}
	else {

		if ($nutrition_score <= -1) {
			$grade = 'a';
		}
		elsif ($nutrition_score <= 2) {
			$grade = 'b';
		}
		elsif ($nutrition_score <= 10) {
			$grade = 'c';
		}
		elsif ($nutrition_score <= 18) {
			$grade = 'd';
		}
		else {
			$grade = 'e';
		}
	}
	return $grade;
}

# 2022 / 2023 algorithm

=head2 compute_nutriscore_score_and_grade_2023( $nutriscore_data_ref )

Computes the Nutri-Score score and grade
of a food product, and also returns the details of the points for each nutrient.

=head3 Arguments: $nutriscore_data_ref

Hash reference used for both input and output:

=head4 Input keys: data to compute Nutri-Score

The hash must contain values for the following keys:

- energy -> energy in kJ / 100g or 100ml
- sugars -> sugars in g / 100g or 100ml
- saturated_fat -> saturated fats in g / 100g or 100ml
- saturated_fat_ratio -> saturated fat divided by fat * 100 (in %)
- salt -> ???
- sodium -> sodium in mg / 100g or 100ml (if sodium is computed from salt, it needs to use a sodium = salt / 2.5 conversion factor
- fruits_vegetables_legumes -> % of fruits, vegetables, nuts, and colza / walnut / olive oils
- fiber -> fiber in g / 100g or 100ml
- proteins -> proteins in g / 100g or 100ml

The values will be rounded according to the Nutri-Score rules, they do not need to be rounded before being passed as arguments.

If the product is a beverage, water, cheese, or fat, it must contain a positive value for the corresponding keys:
- is_beverage
- is_water
- is_cheese
- is_fat_oil_nuts_seeds
- is_red_meat_product

=head4 Output keys: details of the Nutri-Score computation

Returned values:

- [nutrient]_value -> rounded values for each nutrient according to the Nutri-Score rules
- [nutrient]_points -> points for each nutrient
- [nutrient]_points_max -> maximum number of points that can be allocated for each specific nutrient
- negative_nutrients -> list of nutrients that are counted in negative points
- negative_points -> sum of negative nutrients points
- positive_nutrients -> list of nutrients that are counted in positive points
- positive_points -> sum of positive nutrients points
- count_proteins -> indicates if proteins are counted in the positive points
- count_proteins_reason ->  indicates why proteins are counted

The nutrients that are counted for the negative and positive points depend on the product type
(if it is a beverage, cheese or fat) and on the values for some of the nutrients.

=head3 Return values

The function returns a list of 2 values:

- Nutri-Score score from -15 to 40
- Corresponding Nutri-Score letter grade from a to e (in lowercase)

The letter grade depends on the score and on whether the product is a beverage, or is a water.

=cut

sub compute_nutriscore_score_and_grade_2023 ($nutriscore_data_ref) {

	# We will pass a %point structure to get the details of the computation
	# so that it can be returned
	my %points = ();

	my $nutrition_score = compute_nutriscore_score_2023($nutriscore_data_ref);

	my $nutrition_grade = compute_nutriscore_grade_2023(
		$nutrition_score,
		$nutriscore_data_ref->{is_beverage},
		$nutriscore_data_ref->{is_water},
		$nutriscore_data_ref->{is_fat_oil_nuts_seeds},
	);

	return ($nutrition_score, $nutrition_grade);
}

my %points_thresholds_2023 = (

	# negative points

	energy => [335, 670, 1005, 1340, 1675, 2010, 2345, 2680, 3015, 3350],    # kJ / 100g
	energy_beverages => [30, 90, 150, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330, 360, 390],    # kJ /100g or 100ml
	sugars => [3.4, 6.8, 10, 14, 17, 20, 24, 27, 31, 34, 37, 41, 44, 48, 51],    # g / 100g
	sugars_beverages => [0.5, 2, 3.5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11],    # g / 100g or 100ml
	saturated_fat => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10],    # g / 100g
	salt => [0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 3, 3.2, 3.4, 3.6, 3.8, 4],    # g / 100g

	# for fats
	energy_from_saturated_fat => [120, 240, 360, 480, 600, 720, 840, 960, 1080, 1200],    # g / 100g
	saturated_fat_ratio => [10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 40, 46, 52, 58, 64],    # %

	# positive points
	fruits_vegetables_legumes => [40, 60, 80, 80, 80],    # %
	fruits_vegetables_legumes_beverages => [40, 40, 60, 60, 80, 80],
	fiber => [3.0, 4.1, 5.2, 6.3, 7.4],    # g / 100g - AOAC method
	proteins => [2.4, 4.8, 7.2, 9.6, 12, 14, 17],    # g / 100g
	proteins_beverages => [1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2.1, 2.4, 2.7, 3.0],    # g / 100g
);

=head2 get_value_with_one_less_negative_point_2023 ($is_beverage, $nutrient, $current_value)

For a given Nutri-Score nutrient value, return the highest smaller value that would result in less negative points.
e.g. for a sugars value of 15 (which gives 3 points), return 13.5 (which gives 2 points).

The value corresponds to the highest smaller threshold.

Return undef if the input nutrient value already gives the minimum amount of points (0).

=cut

sub get_value_with_one_less_negative_point_2023 ($is_beverage, $nutrient, $current_value) {

	my $nutrient_threshold_id = $nutrient;
	if ($is_beverage
		and (defined $points_thresholds_2023{$nutrient_threshold_id . "_beverages"}))
	{
		$nutrient_threshold_id .= "_beverages";
	}

	my $lower_threshold;

	foreach my $threshold (@{$points_thresholds_2023{$nutrient_threshold_id}}) {
		if ($current_value > $threshold) {
			$lower_threshold = $threshold;
		}
	}

	return $lower_threshold;
}

=head2 get_value_with_one_more_positive_point_2023 ($is_beverage, $nutrient, $current_value)

For a given Nutri-Score nutrient value, return the smallest higher value that would result in more positive points.
e.g. for a proteins value of 2.0 (which gives 1 point), return 3.3 (which gives 2 points)

The value corresponds to the smallest higher threshold + 1 increment so that it strictly greater than the threshold.

Return undef if the input nutrient value already gives the maximum amount of points.

=cut

sub get_value_with_one_more_positive_point_2023 ($is_beverage, $nutrient, $current_value) {

	my $nutrient_threshold_id = $nutrient;
	if ($is_beverage
		and (defined $points_thresholds_2023{$nutrient_threshold_id . "_beverages"}))
	{
		$nutrient_threshold_id .= "_beverages";
	}

	my $higher_threshold;

	foreach my $threshold (@{$points_thresholds_2023{$nutrient_threshold_id}}) {
		if ($current_value < $threshold) {
			$higher_threshold = $threshold;
			last;
		}
	}

	# The return value needs to be strictly greater than the threshold

	my $return_value = $higher_threshold;

	if ($return_value) {
		if ($nutrient eq "fruits_vegetables_legumes") {
			$return_value += 1;
		}
		else {
			$return_value += 0.1;
		}
	}

	return $return_value;
}

sub add_units_to_positive_and_negative_nutriscore_components ($nutriscore_data_ref) {

	foreach my $type (qw/positive negative/) {
		my $components_ref = $nutriscore_data_ref->{components}{$type};

		foreach my $component_ref (@$components_ref) {
			# Compute the unit.
			my $unit;
			if ($component_ref->{id} eq 'non_nutritive_sweeteners') {
				$unit = 'number';
			}
			elsif (($component_ref->{id} eq 'fruits_vegetables_legumes')
				or ($component_ref->{id} eq 'saturated_fat_ratio'))
			{
				$unit = '%';
			}
			else {
				if ($component_ref->{id} =~ /^energy/) {
					$unit = 'kJ';
				}
				else {
					$unit = 'g';
				}
			}
			$component_ref->{unit} = $unit;
		}
	}

	return;
}

sub compute_nutriscore_score_2023 ($nutriscore_data_ref) {

	# The values must be rounded with one more digit than the thresholds.
	# Undefined values are counted as 0 (it can be the case in particular for waters that have different nutrients listed)

	# The Nutri-Score FAQ has been updated (UPDATED 27/09/2022 or earleier),
	# and there is now no rounding of nutrient values

	# Points are assigned according to the values indicated on the mandatory nutritional declaration.
	# To determine number of decimals needed, we recommend the use of the European guidance document
	# with regards to the settings of tolerances for nutrient values for labels. For optional nutrients, in accordance
	# with Article 30-2 of the INCO regulation 1169/2011, such as fibre, rounding guidelines from the previous
	# document are also recommended.

	# Compute the negative and positive points

	# If the product is in fats, oils, nuts and seeds category,
	# the energy points are replaced by the energy from saturates points, and
	# the saturated fat points are replaced by the saturated fat / fat ratio points

	my $energy = "energy";
	my $saturated_fat = "saturated_fat";
	if ($nutriscore_data_ref->{is_fat_oil_nuts_seeds}) {
		$saturated_fat = "saturated_fat_ratio";
		$energy = "energy_from_saturated_fat";
	}

	foreach my $nutrient ($energy, "sugars", $saturated_fat, "salt", "fruits_vegetables_legumes", "fiber", "proteins") {

		my $nutrient_threshold_id = $nutrient;
		if (    (defined $nutriscore_data_ref->{is_beverage})
			and ($nutriscore_data_ref->{is_beverage})
			and (defined $points_thresholds_2023{$nutrient_threshold_id . "_beverages"}))
		{
			$nutrient_threshold_id .= "_beverages";
		}

		$nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient . "_points"} = 0;

		# If the nutrient value is defined, assign points according to the thresholds
		if (defined $nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient}) {
			foreach my $threshold (@{$points_thresholds_2023{$nutrient_threshold_id}}) {
				# The saturated fat ratio table uses the greater or equal sign instead of greater
				if (   (($nutrient eq "saturated_fat_ratio") and ($nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient} >= $threshold))
					or (($nutrient ne "saturated_fat_ratio") and ($nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient} > $threshold)))
				{
					$nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient . "_points"}++;
				}
			}
		}

		# max number of squares in the gauge we will display to user for this nutrient
		$nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient . "_points_max"} = scalar @{$points_thresholds_2023{$nutrient_threshold_id}};
	}

	# For red meat products, the number of maximum protein points is set at 2 points
	# Red meat products qualifying for this specific rule are products from beef, veal, swine and lamb,
	# though they include also game/venison, horse, donkey, goat, camel and kangaroo.

	if (($nutriscore_data_ref->{is_red_meat_product}) and ($nutriscore_data_ref->{proteins_points} > 2)) {
		$nutriscore_data_ref->{proteins_points} = 2;
		$nutriscore_data_ref->{proteins_points_limited_reason} = "red_meat_product";
	}

	# Store the lists of negative and positive components retained for the Nutri-Score of the product

	$nutriscore_data_ref->{components} = {
		negative => [],
		positive => [],
	};

	# negative points
	# We need to compute negative points first, as proteins may not be counted in the positive points
	# depending on the total of negative points

	my $negative_components = [$energy, "sugars", $saturated_fat, "salt"];

	# Beverages with non-nutritive sweeteners have 4 extra negative points
	if ($nutriscore_data_ref->{is_beverage}) {
		push @$negative_components, "non_nutritive_sweeteners";
		$nutriscore_data_ref->{non_nutritive_sweeteners_points_max} = 4;
		# If we don't have ingredients, assume the product does not contain non-nutritive sweeteners
		if (    (defined $nutriscore_data_ref->{non_nutritive_sweeteners})
			and ($nutriscore_data_ref->{non_nutritive_sweeteners} > 0))
		{
			$nutriscore_data_ref->{non_nutritive_sweeteners_points} = 4;
		}
		else {
			$nutriscore_data_ref->{non_nutritive_sweeteners_points} = 0;
		}
	}

	$nutriscore_data_ref->{negative_points} = 0;

	foreach my $nutrient (@$negative_components) {
		my $points = ($nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient . "_points"} || 0);
		my $points_max = $nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient . "_points_max"};
		push @{$nutriscore_data_ref->{components}{negative}},
			{
			id => $nutrient,
			value => round_to_max_decimal_places($nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient}, 2),
			points => $points,
			points_max => $points_max,
			};
		$nutriscore_data_ref->{negative_points} += $points;
		$nutriscore_data_ref->{negative_points_max} += $points_max;
	}

	# positive points

	$nutriscore_data_ref->{positive_points} = 0;
	$nutriscore_data_ref->{positive_nutrients} = ["fiber", "fruits_vegetables_legumes"];

	# positive points for proteins are counted in the following 3 cases:
	# - the product is a beverage
	# - the product is not in the fats, oils, nuts and seeds category
	# and the negative points are less than 11 or the product is a cheese
	# - the product is in the fats, oils, nuts and seeds category
	# and the negative points are less than 7

	$nutriscore_data_ref->{count_proteins} = 0;
	if ($nutriscore_data_ref->{is_beverage}) {
		$nutriscore_data_ref->{count_proteins} = 1;
		$nutriscore_data_ref->{count_proteins_reason} = "beverage";
	}
	elsif ($nutriscore_data_ref->{is_cheese}) {
		$nutriscore_data_ref->{count_proteins} = 1;
		$nutriscore_data_ref->{count_proteins_reason} = "cheese";
	}
	else {
		if ($nutriscore_data_ref->{is_fat_oil_nuts_seeds}) {
			if ($nutriscore_data_ref->{negative_points} < 7) {
				$nutriscore_data_ref->{count_proteins} = 1;
				$nutriscore_data_ref->{count_proteins_reason} = "negative_points_less_than_7";
			}
			else {
				$nutriscore_data_ref->{count_proteins_reason} = "negative_points_greater_than_or_equal_to_7";
			}
		}
		else {
			if ($nutriscore_data_ref->{negative_points} < 11) {
				$nutriscore_data_ref->{count_proteins} = 1;
				$nutriscore_data_ref->{count_proteins_reason} = "negative_points_less_than_11";
			}
			else {
				$nutriscore_data_ref->{count_proteins_reason} = "negative_points_greater_than_or_equal_to_11";
			}
		}
	}

	if ($nutriscore_data_ref->{count_proteins}) {
		unshift @{$nutriscore_data_ref->{positive_nutrients}}, "proteins";
	}

	foreach my $nutrient (@{$nutriscore_data_ref->{positive_nutrients}}) {
		my $points = ($nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient . "_points"} || 0);
		my $points_max = $nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient . "_points_max"};
		push @{$nutriscore_data_ref->{components}{positive}},
			{
			id => $nutrient,
			value => round_to_max_decimal_places($nutriscore_data_ref->{$nutrient}, 2),
			points => $points,
			points_max => $points_max,
			};
		$nutriscore_data_ref->{positive_points} += $points;
		$nutriscore_data_ref->{positive_points_max} += $points_max;
	}

	# Add units for the retained positive and negative components
	# We add the units directly in the data instead of computing them at runtime when needed
	# in order to make the data more easily understood by itself
	add_units_to_positive_and_negative_nutriscore_components($nutriscore_data_ref);

	# Delete input nutrient values, keep only values inside the retained positive and negative components
	foreach my $key (keys %$nutriscore_data_ref) {
		if ($key
			=~ /^(energy|energy_from_saturated_fat|sugars|fat|saturated_fat|saturated_fat_ratio|salt|non_nutritive_sweeteners|fruits_vegetables_legumes|fiber|proteins)$/
			)
		{
			delete $nutriscore_data_ref->{$key};
			delete $nutriscore_data_ref->{$key . "_points"};
			delete $nutriscore_data_ref->{$key . "_points_max"};
		}
	}

	my $score = $nutriscore_data_ref->{negative_points} - $nutriscore_data_ref->{positive_points};

	return $score;
}

sub compute_nutriscore_grade_2023 ($nutrition_score, $is_beverage, $is_water, $is_fat_oil_nuts_seeds) {

	my $grade = "";

	if (not defined $nutrition_score) {
		return '';
	}

	# Beverages
	if ($is_beverage) {

		if ($is_water) {
			$grade = 'a';
		}
		elsif ($nutrition_score <= 2) {
			$grade = 'b';
		}
		elsif ($nutrition_score <= 6) {
			$grade = 'c';
		}
		elsif ($nutrition_score <= 9) {
			$grade = 'd';
		}
		else {
			$grade = 'e';
		}
	}
	# Fats, oils, nuts and seeds
	elsif ($is_fat_oil_nuts_seeds) {
		if ($nutrition_score <= -6) {
			$grade = 'a';
		}
		elsif ($nutrition_score <= 2) {
			$grade = 'b';
		}
		elsif ($nutrition_score <= 10) {
			$grade = 'c';
		}
		elsif ($nutrition_score <= 18) {
			$grade = 'd';
		}
		else {
			$grade = 'e';
		}
	}
	# Other foods
	else {

		if ($nutrition_score <= -0) {
			$grade = 'a';
		}
		elsif ($nutrition_score <= 2) {
			$grade = 'b';
		}
		elsif ($nutrition_score <= 10) {
			$grade = 'c';
		}
		elsif ($nutrition_score <= 18) {
			$grade = 'd';
		}
		else {
			$grade = 'e';
		}
	}
	return $grade;
}

%points_thresholds = %points_thresholds_2021;

1;