Amit Acharya Carlo Torniai Dan Caplan Mei Song Melissa Haendel Pedro Hernandez Cott The Oral Health and Disease Ontology (OHD) is an OBO Foundry ontology used for representing oral-health maladies, their diagnosis, and treatment. It is has been used to represent the content of dental practice health records and is intended to be further developed for use in translation medicine. It demonstrates a principled split between billing codes as information entities and what the codes are about, such as dental procedures, materials, and patients. Oral Health and Disease Ontology 2026-10-01 Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification. Really of interest to developers only BFO OWL specification label Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2 Person:Alan Ruttenberg Really of interest to developers only BFO CLIF specification label editor preferred label editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English) PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> editor preferred label editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label example example of usage A phrase describing how a class name should be used. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding of a class semantics, such as widely known prototypical subclasses or instances of the class. Although essential for high level terms, examples for low level terms (e.g., Affymetrix HU133 array) are not A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> example of usage example of usage in branch An annotation property indicating which module the terms belong to. This is currently experimental and not implemented yet. GROUP:OBI OBI_0000277 in branch has curation status PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bill Bug PERSON:Melanie Courtot OBI_0000281 has curation status has curation status definition definition textual definition A property representing the English language definitions of what NCI means by the concept. They may also include information about the definition's source and attribution in a form that can easily be interpreted by software. English language definitions of what NCI means by the concept. These are limited to 1024 characters. They may also include information about the definition's source and attribution in a form that can easily be interpreted by software. The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> DEFINITION definition definition textual definition A property representing the English language definitions of what NCI means by the concept. They may also include information about the definition's source and attribution in a form that can easily be interpreted by software. NCI DEFINITION PT NCI editor note An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obfoundry.org/obo/obi> GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi> IAO:0000116 uberon editor_note true editor_note editor note editor note term editor Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See http://code.google.com/p/information-artifact-ontology/issues/detail?id=115. 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition editor definition editor term editor term editor alternative label A label for a class or property that can be used to refer to the class or property instead of the preferred rdfs:label. Alternative labels should be used to indicate community- or context-specific labels, abbreviations, shorthand forms and the like. OBO Operations committee PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> Consider re-defing to: An alternative name for a class or property which can mean the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent, narrow, broad or related). alternative label alternative term alternative term definition source Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 PERSON:Daniel Schober Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> 2023-08-04T14:22:13Z definition source definition source has obsolescence reason Relates an annotation property to an obsolescence reason. The values of obsolescence reasons come from a list of predefined terms, instances of the class obsolescence reason specification. PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot has obsolescence reason curator note An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg IAO:0000232 uberon curator_notes true curator_notes curator note curator note curator notes term tracker item the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/ the URL for an ontology term tracker issue, such as https://github.com/monarch-initiative/mondo/issues/7588 A URL for a request or discussion of an ontology term. An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg IAO:0000233 external term_tracker_item true true term_tracker_item The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term. term tracker item term tracker item ontology term requester The name of the person, project, or organization that motivated inclusion of an ontology term by requesting its addition. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg The 'term requester' can credit the person, organization or project who request the ontology term. ontology term requester is denotator type Relates an class defined in an ontology, to the type of it's denotator In OWL 2 add AnnotationPropertyRange('is denotator type' 'denotator type') Alan Ruttenberg is denotator type imported from For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> imported from imported from expand expression to ObjectProperty: RO_0002104 Label: has plasma membrane part Annotations: IAO_0000424 "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#GO_0005886 and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)" A macro expansion tag applied to an object property (or possibly a data property) which can be used by a macro-expansion engine to generate more complex expressions from simpler ones Chris Mungall expand expression to expand assertion to ObjectProperty: RO??? Label: spatially disjoint from Annotations: expand_assertion_to "DisjointClasses: (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?X) (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)" A macro expansion tag applied to an annotation property which can be expanded into a more detailed axiom. Chris Mungall expand assertion to first order logic expression PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg first order logic expression antisymmetric property part_of antisymmetric property xsd:true Use boolean value xsd:true to indicate that the property is an antisymmetric property Alan Ruttenberg antisymmetric property OBO foundry unique label An alternative name for a class or property which is unique across the OBO Foundry. The intended usage of that property is as follow: OBO foundry unique labels are automatically generated based on regular expressions provided by each ontology, so that SO could specify unique label = 'sequence ' + [label], etc. , MA could specify 'mouse + [label]' etc. Upon importing terms, ontology developers can choose to use the 'OBO foundry unique label' for an imported term or not. The same applies to tools . The intended usage of that property is as follow: OBO foundry unique labels are automatically generated based on regular expressions provided by each ontology, so that SO could specify unique label = 'sequence ' + [label], etc. , MA could specify 'mouse + [label]' etc. Upon importing terms, ontology developers can choose to use the 'OBO foundry unique label' for an imported term or not. The same applies to tools . PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters PERSON:Chris Mungall PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBO Foundry <http://obofoundry.org/> OBO foundry unique label has ID digit count Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO" Relates an ontology used to record id policy to the number of digits in the URI. The URI is: the 'has ID prefix" annotation property value concatenated with an integer in the id range (left padded with "0"s to make this many digits) Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID digit count has ID range allocated Datatype: idrange:1 Annotations: 'has ID range allocated to': "Chris Mungall" EquivalentTo: xsd:integer[> 2151 , <= 2300] Relates a datatype that encodes a range of integers to the name of the person or organization who can use those ids constructed in that range to define new terms Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID range allocated to has ID policy for Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO" Relating an ontology used to record id policy to the ontology namespace whose policy it manages Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID policy for has ID prefix Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO" Relates an ontology used to record id policy to a prefix concatenated with an integer in the id range (left padded with "0"s to make this many digits) to construct an ID for a term being created. Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID prefix elucidation person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Barry Smith Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms elucidation has associated axiom(nl) Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg An axiom associated with a term expressed using natural language has associated axiom(nl) has associated axiom(fol) Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg An axiom expressed in first order logic using CLIF syntax has associated axiom(fol) is allocated id range Relates an ontology IRI to an (inclusive) range of IRIs in an OBO name space. The range is give as, e.g. "IAO_0020000-IAO_0020999" PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology is allocated id range retired from use as of relates a class of CRID to the date after which further instances should not be made, according to the central authority In OWL 2 add AnnotationPropertyRange xsd:dateTimeStamp Alan Ruttenberg retired from use as of has ontology root term Ontology annotation property. Relates an ontology to a term that is a designated root term of the ontology. Display tools like OLS can use terms annotated with this property as the starting point for rendering the ontology class hierarchy. There can be more than one root. Nicolas Matentzoglu has ontology root term may be identical to A annotation relationship between two terms in an ontology that may refer to the same (natural) type but where more evidence is required before terms are merged. David Osumi-Sutherland #40 VFB Edges asserting this should be annotated with to record evidence supporting the assertion and its provenance. may be identical to scheduled for obsoletion on or after Used when the class or object is scheduled for obsoletion/deprecation on or after a particular date. Chris Mungall, Jie Zheng https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/15532 https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/32 GO ontology scheduled for obsoletion on or after has axiom id Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg A URI that is intended to be unique label for an axiom used for tracking change to the ontology. For an axiom expressed in different languages, each expression is given the same URI axiom id has axiom label term replaced by Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology term replaced by ISA alternative term An alternative term used by the ISA tools project (http://isa-tools.org). Requested by Alejandra Gonzalez-Beltran https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3603413&group_id=177891&atid=886178 Person: Alejandra Gonzalez-Beltran Person: Philippe Rocca-Serra ISA tools project (http://isa-tools.org) ISA alternative term IEDB alternative term An alternative term used by the IEDB. PERSON:Randi Vita, Jason Greenbaum, Bjoern Peters IEDB IEDB alternative term An annotation property that relates an individual to the data source that was used to extract information about the individual. Bill Duncan data source An alternative label for human teeth designated by the American Dental Association. ADA universal tooth number An alternative label for human teeth designated by the American Dental Association. https://www.ada.org/-/media/project/ada-organization/ada/ada-org/files/publications/cdt/ada_utds_value_set_v1_2022_aug.pdf This annotation is used to indicate that an individual is asserted to be a member of a class. This is useful when needing to find only the non-inferred type of an individual, and not the all the inferred types. For example, suppose x is a member of the class 'material entity' and 'material entity' is a subclass of 'independent continuant'. This entails that x will be a member of 'independent continuant'. However, by using this annotation to assert that x is a member of 'material entity', you can query for x's 'asserted type' and ignore the other inferred types in the class hierarchy. Titus Schleyer 1/1/2014: Need to understand this property from an ontological construction perspective. asserted type A property indicating whether a representational unit is duplicative of another. This property is an application property, used for intermediate calculations when cleaning data. Alan Ruttenberg mark true for representational units that are duplicate/conflict others duplicated dental fear and anxiety Alternative label for a chemical adhering to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature of organic, inorganic, or polymer chemistry . 2026-06-07T19:26:12Z IUPAC name Alternative label for a chemical adhering to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature of organic, inorganic, or polymer chemistry . https://iupac.org/what-we-do/nomenclature/brief-guides/ An alternative label for orofacial pain-related terms used by the International Classification of Orofacial Pain (ICOP), 1st edition. 2026-06-08T00:48:39Z ICOP number An alternative label for orofacial pain-related terms used by the International Classification of Orofacial Pain (ICOP), 1st edition. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0333102419893823 This subset property pulls out terms related to the International Classification of Orofacial Pain, 1st edition. PMID: 32103673 PMID:32103673 ICOP This is an annotation used on an object property to indicate a logical characterstic beyond what is possible in OWL. OBO Operations call logical characteristic of object property 'part disjoint with' 'defined by construct' """ PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> PREFIX : <http://example.org/ CONSTRUCT { [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :part_of ; owl:someValuesFrom ?a ; owl:disjointWith [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :part_of ; owl:someValuesFrom ?b ] ] } WHERE { ?a :part_disjoint_with ?b . } Links an annotation property to a SPARQL CONSTRUCT query which is meant to provide semantics for a shortcut relation. defined by construct The property is intended to be used exclusively on synonym assertions, to express that the synonym in question is the preference of a specific community. For example, one community may prefer to say call a disease "A" and another one "B" (but they are the same thing). A provenance property that denotes a synonym to be the preferred one for a specific community. 2025-06-02 preferred label for community CHEBI:26523 (reactive oxygen species) has an exact synonym (ROS), which is of type OMO:0003000 (abbreviation) A synonym type for describing abbreviations or initialisms 2023-03-03 abbreviation A synonym type for describing ambiguous synonyms 2023-03-03 ambiguous synonym A synonym type for describing dubious synonyms 2023-03-03 dubious synonym EFO:0006346 (severe cutaneous adverse reaction) has an exact synonym (scar), which is of the type OMO:0003003 (layperson synonym) A synonym type for describing layperson or colloquial synonyms 2023-03-03 layperson synonym CHEBI:23367 (molecular entity) has an exact synonym (molecular entities), which is of the type OMO:0003004 (plural form) A synonym type for describing pluralization synonyms 2023-03-03 plural form CHEBI:16189 (sulfate) has an exact synonym (sulphate), which is of the type OMO:0003005 (UK spelling synonym) A synonym type for describing UK spelling variants 2023-03-03 UK spelling synonym A synonym type for common misspellings 2023-03-03 misspelling A synonym type for misnomers, i.e., a synonym that is not technically correct but is commonly used anyway 2023-03-03 misnomer MAPT, the gene that encodes the Tau protein, has a previous name DDPAC. Note: in this case, the name type is more specifically the gene symbol. A synonym type for names that have been used as primary labels in the past. 2023-07-25 previous name The legal name for Harvard University (https://ror.org/03vek6s52) is President and Fellows of Harvard College A synonym type for the legal entity name 2023-07-27 legal name CHEBI:46195 has been assigned the english International Nonproproprietary Name (INN) "paracetamol". In some cases such as this one, the INN might be the same as the ontology's primary label The International Nonproprietary Name (INN) is a standardize name for a pharmaceutical drug or active ingredient issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) meant to address the issues with country- or language-specific brand names. These are issued in several languages, including English, Latin, French, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, and Chinese. 2023-09-30 INN International Nonproprietary Name nasopharynx (UBERON:0001728) has the latin name "pars nasalis pharyngis A synonym type for describing Latin term synonyms. 2023-10-12 latin term NASA is an word acronym for the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration because the acronym is pronounced. FBI is an initialism (also known as alphabetism) for the US Federal Bureau of Investigation since the letters are pronounced one at a time. JPEG is an acronym for Joint Photographic Experts Group but does not count as a word acronym nor an initialism since it is mixed how it is pronounced. A synonym type for describing abbreviations that are a part of the full name's words, such as initialisms or alphabetisms. 2023-11-01 acronym The Developing Mouse Brain Atlas Ontology (DBMA) ontology uses part-of in its hierarchy, so this would correspond to the following turtle: `<https://purl.brain-bican.org/ontology/dmbao/dmbao.owl> a owl:Ontology; OMO:0003014 rdfs:subClassOf, BFO:0000050`. Relates an ontology to predicates/properties that should be used by user interfaces to render the hierarchical structure of the ontology. Typically, this is rdfs:subClassOf, but in ontologies that are partonomies, this might also include BFO:0000050 (part of). Tools like OLS can use predicates annotated with this property for rendering the ontology class hierarchy. There can be more than one hierarchical property. In the absence of any, it should be assumed that it is rdfs:subClassOf. 2025-09-17 has ontology hierarchical property A serial number such as "12324X"; a stop sign; a written proper name such as "OBI An information content entity that is a mark(s) or character(s) used as a conventional representation of another entity. 2024-03-25 has symbol An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context. temporal interpretation logical macro assertion on an annotation property relation p is the direct form of relation q iff p is a subPropertyOf q, p does not have the Transitive characteristic, q does have the Transitive characteristic, and for all x, y: x q y -> exists z1, z2, ..., zn such that x p z1 ... z2n y The general property hierarchy is: "directly P" SubPropertyOf "P" Transitive(P) Where we have an annotation assertion "directly P" "is direct form of" "P" If we have the annotation P is-direct-form-of Q, and we have inverses P' and Q', then it follows that P' is-direct-form-of Q' is direct form of part-of is homeomorphic for independent continuants. R is homemorphic for C iff (1) there exists some x,y such that x R y, and x and y instantiate C and (2) for all x, if x is an instance of C, and there exists some y some such that x R y, then it follows that y is an instance of C. 2018-10-21T19:46:34Z R homeomorphic-for C expands to: C SubClassOf R only C. Additionally, for any class D that is disjoint with C, we can also expand to C DisjointWith R some D, D DisjointWith R some C. is homeomorphic for This annotation is used for the labels of the CDT codes provided by the American Dental Association. contributor date created subset_property created by creation date creation_date has_alternative_id An alternative label for a class or property which has a more general meaning than the preferred name/primary label. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/18 has broad synonym has_broad_synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/18 disease characteristic (MONDO:0021125) has cross-reference (http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDbXref) "NCIT:C41009"^^xsd:string An annotation property that links an ontology entity or a statement to a prefixed identifier or URI. 2024-03-18 database_cross_reference has cross-reference A property representing a fully qualified synonym, contains the string, term type, source, and an optional source code if appropriate. Each subfield is deliniated to facilitate interpretation by software. An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20 FULL_SYN Synonym with Source Data has exact synonym has exact synonym has_exact_synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20 A property representing a fully qualified synonym, contains the string, term type, source, and an optional source code if appropriate. Each subfield is deliniated to facilitate interpretation by software. NCI FULL_SYN PT NCI Synonym with Source Data SY NCI An alternative label for a class or property which has a more specific meaning than the preferred name/primary label. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/19 has narrow synonym has_narrow_synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/19 disease_ontology has_obo_namespace An alternative label for a class or property that has been used synonymously with the primary term name, but the usage is not strictly correct. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/21 has related synonym has_related_synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/21 id in_subset shorthand is defined by is defined by This is an experimental annotation label label label label rdfs:label has broader match has close match has exact match has narrower match is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. part_of BFO:0000050 external quality part_of part_of part of part of part_of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of https://wiki.geneontology.org/Part_of has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. has_part BFO:0000051 external quality has_part has_part has part has part has_part inheres_in inheres in bearer of bearer_of is bearer of realized in this disease is realized in this disease course this fragility is realized in this shattering this investigator role is realized in this investigation is realized by realized_in [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realized in realizes this disease course realizes this disease this investigation realizes this investigator role this shattering realizes this fragility Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realizes preceded by x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. is preceded by preceded_by http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by preceded by precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. precedes occurs in b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs_in unfolds in unfolds_in Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant occurs in https://wiki.geneontology.org/Occurs_in site of [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant contains process s_depends_on s depends on This document is about information artifacts and their representations A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity. is_about is a (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity. 7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic. person:Alan Ruttenberg Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy is about has_material_basis_in has specified input has_specified_input see is_input_of example_of_usage A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of. The inverse property of is specified input of 8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Larry Hunter PERSON: Melanie Coutot has specified input has_specified_input is specified input of is_specified_input_of some Autologous EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed B-LCL (B lymphocyte cell line) is_input_for instance of Chromum Release Assay described at https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of. Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters is specified input of is_specified_input_of has specified output has_specified_output A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. The inverse property of is specified output of PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Larry Hunter PERSON: Melanie Courtot has specified output has_specified_output is specified output of is_specified_output_of A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters is specified output of is_specified_output_of achieves_planned_objective A cell sorting process achieves the objective specification 'material separation objective' This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process. This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process. BP, AR, PPPB branch PPPB branch derived modified according to email thread from 1/23/09 in accordince with DT and PPPB branch achieves_planned_objective This relation holds between some restorative material and some part of a tooth in which the restorative material restores or replaces lost tooth structure, oral tissues, tooth (structural) integrity, or tooth functioning. Bill Duncan 6/27/2012: This relation is intended to capture the relationship between restorative materials, such as amalagam, and the tooth (or teeth) that is being repaired. Some examples in which this relation obtains include fillings, crowns, bridges, and inlays. It is going to be a shortcut relation between the material, the tooth in which the material is located, and the site formed for the restoration (e.g., a hole formed by drilling). The details of this still need to be worked out. Titus Schleyer 1/1/2014: nice definition! PERSON: Bill Duncan Adapted from: Mosby's Dental Dictionary, 2nd Edition. page 580. Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_restoration is dental restoration of Relates a health care encounter such as a inpatient, outpatient, or hospital stay to the next such encounter for the same patient. precedes is too general as it doesn't have any constraint on continuity of participants. However it is the case a visit precedes the next one. relation added as a convenience for survival analysis queries. Alan Ruttenberg next visit Relates a health care encounter such as a inpatient, outpatient, or hospital stay to any subsequent such encounter for the same patient. relation added as a convenience for survival analysis queries. Alan Ruttenberg later visit Relation between a process that is a symptom and the disease it is a symptom of. 2025-05-13T21:41:20Z symptom of Brain freeze is a brief, intense pain experienced in the forehead. A relation between a nervous system process and a cognitive process in which a physical sensation is subjectively experienced as occurring in an anatomical entity, site, or a site where an anatomical entity is usually located. 2025-04-28T16:36:53Z experienced in chest pain of myocardial infarction experienced in referred site left arm headache pain of a cold-stimulus response (brain freeze) experienced in referred site forehead A relation between a physical sensation and an anatomical entity or site, distinct from the site of the causal stimulus underlying the sensation, in which the sensation is subjectively experienced as occurring in the anatomical entity or site. 2026-09-10T22:40:49Z experienced in referred site inheres in this fragility inheres in this vase this fragility is a characteristic of this vase this red color inheres in this apple this red color is a characteristic of this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists. inheres_in Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing. characteristic of inheres in bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility Inverse of characteristic_of a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of bearer of has characteristic participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process this investigator participates in this investigation a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in participates in has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant has participant A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant or process, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant or process in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes. is concretized as A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant or process and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes can concretize the same generically dependent continuant. concretizes this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. function_of is function of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. function of this red color is a quality of this apple a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists. is quality of quality_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. quality of this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. has_function has function this apple has quality this red color a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. has_quality has quality this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. has_role has role a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has disposition inverse of has disposition This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. disposition of is location of my head is the location of my brain this cage is the location of this rat a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ location_of RO:0001015 location_of location_of location of location of located in my brain is located in my head this rat is located in this cage a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ located_in http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in RO:0001025 located_in located_in located in located in https://wiki.geneontology.org/Located_in David Osumi-Sutherland X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after David Osumi-Sutherland starts_at_end_of X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately preceded by David Osumi-Sutherland ends_at_start_of meets X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes David Osumi-Sutherland io X starts_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (start(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) starts during David Osumi-Sutherland d during X happens_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) happens during https://wiki.geneontology.org/Happens_during David Osumi-Sutherland o overlaps X ends_during Y iff: ((start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)) AND end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y). ends during x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y x overlaps y iff they have some part in common. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) RO:0002131 overlaps overlaps "(forall (x y) (iff (overlaps x y) (exists (z) (and (part of z x) (part of z y)))))" CLIF [] overlaps overlaps x overlaps y iff they have some part in common. BSPO:cjm A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common There are two ways to encode this as a shortcut relation. The other possibility to use an annotation assertion between two classes, and expand this to a disjointness axiom. Note that it would be possible to use the relation to label the relationship between a near infinite number of structures - between the rings of saturn and my left earlobe. The intent is that this is used for parsiomoniously for disambiguation purposes - for example, between siblings in a jointly exhaustive pairwise disjointness hierarchy spatially disjoint from https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Part-disjointness-Design-Pattern A relationship that holds between a biological entity and a phenotype. Here a phenotype is construed broadly as any kind of quality of an organism part, a collection of these qualities, or a change in quality or qualities (e.g. abnormally increased temperature). The subject of this relationship can be an organism (where the organism has the phenotype, i.e. the qualities inhere in parts of this organism), a genomic entity such as a gene or genotype (if modifications of the gene or the genotype causes the phenotype), or a condition such as a disease (such that if the condition inheres in an organism, then the organism has the phenotype). has phenotype mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974) osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption' A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. has function realized in For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)". capable of c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. has function in capable of part of x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x RO:0002219 surrounded_by surrounded_by surrounded by surrounded by A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. The epidermis layer of a vertebrate is adjacent to the dermis. The plasma membrane of a cell is adjacent to the cytoplasm, and also to the cell lumen which the cytoplasm occupies. The skin of the forelimb is adjacent to the skin of the torso if these are considered anatomical subdivisions with a defined border. Otherwise a relation such as continuous_with would be used. x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary. This relation acts as a join point with BSPO RO:0002220 adjacent_to adjacent_to adjacent to adjacent to A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. inverse of surrounded by RO:0002221 surrounds surrounds surrounds surrounds Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporally related to p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. consumes has input https://wiki.geneontology.org/Has_input p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p. produces has output https://wiki.geneontology.org/Has_output Any portion of roundup 'has active ingredient' some glyphosate A relationship that holds between a substance and a chemical entity, if the chemical entity is part of the substance, and the chemical entity forms the biologically active component of the substance. has active substance has active pharmaceutical ingredient has active ingredient A gene product that has some activity, where that activity may be a part of a pathway or upstream of the pathway. c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process. affects acts upstream of or within https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of_or_within p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical entity and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss). This property and its subproperties are being used primarily for the definition of GO developmental processes. The property hierarchy mirrors the core GO hierarchy. In future we may be able to make do with a more minimal set of properties, but due to the way GO is currently structured we require highly specific relations to avoid incorrect entailments. To avoid this, the corresponding genus terms in GO should be declared mutually disjoint. results in developmental progression of an annotation of gene X to anatomical structure formation with results_in_formation_of UBERON:0000007 (pituitary gland) means that at the beginning of the process a pituitary gland does not exist and at the end of the process a pituitary gland exists. every "endocardial cushion formation" (GO:0003272) results_in_formation_of some "endocardial cushion" (UBERON:0002062) GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013 results in formation of anatomical entity q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of characteristic of part of inheres in part of characteristic of part of A mereological relationship or a topological relationship Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships mereotopologically related to A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502) Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving organismal development developmentally related to a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity c enables p iff c is capable of p and c acts to execute p. catalyzes executes has is catalyzing is executing This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized. enables https://wiki.geneontology.org/Enables A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function functionally related to c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p actively involved in enables part of involved in https://wiki.geneontology.org/Involved_in inverse of enables enabled by https://wiki.geneontology.org/Enabled_by inverse of has input input of inverse of has output output of formed as result of 'protein catabolic process' SubClassOf has_direct_input some protein p has direct input c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. directly consumes This is likely to be obsoleted. A candidate replacement would be a new relation 'has bound input' or 'has substrate' has direct input inverse of upstream of causally downstream of relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative? The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causally related to relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q. causally upstream of p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q. influences (processual) affects causally upstream of or within inverse of causally upstream of or within causally downstream of or within c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union involved in or reguates involved in or involved in regulation of A relation that holds between a disease or an organism and a phenotype has symptom 'otolith organ' SubClassOf 'composed primarily of' some 'calcium carbonate' x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y. RO:0002473 composed_primarily_of composed_primarily_of composed primarily of A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in process p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q. causal relation between processes depends on The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between entities causally influenced by (entity-centric) causally influenced by The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size). causally influences (entity-centric) causally influences A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between material entity and a process The genetic variant 'NM_007294.3(BRCA1):c.110C>A (p.Thr37Lys)' casues or contributes to the disease 'familial breast-ovarian cancer'. An environment of exposure to arsenic causes or contributes to the phenotype of patchy skin hyperpigmentation, and the disease 'skin cancer'. A relationship between an entity (e.g. a genotype, genetic variation, chemical, or environmental exposure) and a condition (a phenotype or disease), where the entity has some causal or contributing role that influences the condition. Note that relationships of phenotypes to organisms/strains that bear them, or diseases they are manifest in, should continue to use RO:0002200 ! 'has phenotype' and RO:0002201 ! 'phenotype of'. Genetic variations can span any level of granularity from a full genome or genotype to an individual gene or sequence alteration. These variations can be represented at the physical level (DNA/RNA macromolecules or their parts, as in the ChEBI ontology and Molecular Sequence Ontology) or at the abstract level (generically dependent continuant sequence features that are carried by these macromolecules, as in the Sequence Ontology and Genotype Ontology). The causal relations in this hierarchy can be used in linking either physical or abstract genetic variations to phenotypes or diseases they cause or contribute to. Environmental exposures include those imposed by natural environments, experimentally applied conditions, or clinical interventions. causes or contributes to condition A relationship between an entity (e.g. a genotype, genetic variation, chemical, or environmental exposure) and a condition (a phenotype or disease), where the entity has some contributing role that influences the condition. contributes to condition 2017-11-05T03:20:01Z realizable has basis in 2017-11-05T03:26:47Z disease has basis in A relation that holds between the disease and a material entity where the physical basis of the disease is a disorder of that material entity that affects its function. disease has basis in dysfunction of (disease to anatomical structure) 2017-11-05T03:29:32Z disease has basis in dysfunction of Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all of which have a disease as the subject. 2017-11-05T03:50:54Z causal relationship with disease as subject q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. different in magnitude relative to q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. This relation is used to determine the 'directionality' of relative qualities such as 'increased strength', relative to the parent type, 'strength'. increased in magnitude relative to q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 q1 decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) < magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. This relation is used to determine the 'directionality' of relative qualities such as 'decreased strength', relative to the parent type, 'strength'. decreased in magnitude relative to q1 decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) < magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a set of relations regarding presentation of phenotypes and disease. 2021-11-05T17:30:14Z has phenotype or disease https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/issues/478 This relation groups relations between diseases and any other kind of entity. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, in which the subject or object is a disease. 2018-09-26T00:00:32Z disease relationship A data property that relates an individual patient to the literal string that represents the patient's id. patient ID A data property that relates either: 1. A finding to the date on which it was recorded 2. A process to the date on which it occrred Bill Duncan 5/23/2012: There is a problem with occurrence date. The date on which an event occurred and the date on which it the event was recorded do not always match up. This will eventually need to be fixed. occurrence date A data property that relates an individual to the date on which the individual was born. birth date A data property in which the values provide information as to whether a patient is actively being cared for by the practicet; takes values "active" and "inactive". 2022-12-06T01:11:57Z has patient activity status A data property used to record the date of a patient's first dental visit. 2022-12-06T01:22:17Z first dental visit date A data property used to record the last date on which a patient had a dental visit. 2022-12-06T01:23:31Z last dental visit date A data property whose value is an ADA universal tooth number that represents a tooth which is missing from a dentition. Bill Duncan 01/03/2017: This data property provides a means to query for missing teeth. Since a missing tooth is not a tooth, it is wrong represent a missing tooth as an instance of a tooth. Rather, we represent a missing tooth by respresenting the instance of the dentition and then specify with this data property that the dentition is missing a tooth designated by the universtal tooth number. 2017-01-03T18:37:35Z missing tooth number A data property whose value is an ADA universal tooth number that represents the tooth associated with a tooth root that is missing from a dentition. Bill Duncan 10/18/2017: This data property provides a means to query for missing tooth roots. Since a missing tooth root is not a tooth root, it is wrong represent a missing tooth root as an instance of a tooth root. Rather, we represent a missing tooth root by respresenting the instance of the dentition and then specify with this data property that the dentition is missing a tooth root that is associated with the tooth designated by the universtal tooth number. 2017-10-18T20:39:14Z missing tooth root number entity Entity Julius Caesar Verdi’s Requiem the Second World War your body mass index BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81 Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) entity Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf per discussion with Barry Smith An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) continuant Continuant An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240 Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] continuant Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] occurrent Occurrent An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players. Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. processual entity (BFO) An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] occurrent Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. per discussion with Barry Smith Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] ic IndependentContinuant a chair a heart a leg a molecule a spatial region an atom an orchestra. an organism the bottom right portion of a human torso the interior of your mouth A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) anatomical entity (BFO) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. independent continuant b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] s-region SpatialRegion BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes. Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] spatial region Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. per discussion with Barry Smith A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] t-region TemporalRegion Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001]) All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001]) Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002]) (forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001] (forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001] temporal region (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001] (forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001] Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional per discussion with Barry Smith A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001]) All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001]) Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002]) (forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002] 2d-s-region TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion an infinitely thin plane in space. the surface of a sphere-shaped part of space A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001]) (forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001] two-dimensional spatial region A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001]) (forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001] st-region SpatiotemporalRegion the spatiotemporal region occupied by a human life the spatiotemporal region occupied by a process of cellular meiosis. the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001]) All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001]) Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001]) Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001]) Every spatiotemporal region occupies_spatiotemporal_region itself. Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002]) (forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002] (forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001] (forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001] spatiotemporal region A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001]) All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001]) Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001]) Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001]) Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002]) (forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002] (forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001] (forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001] process Process a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart a process of meiosis a process of sleeping the course of a disease the flight of a bird the life of an organism your process of aging. An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] source BFO:0000015 An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. process process p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] disposition Disposition an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways. the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type. b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] disposition b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] realizable RealizableEntity the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity. the disposition of your blood to coagulate the function of your reproductive organs the role of being a doctor the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] realizable entity To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] 0d-s-region ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001] zero-dimensional spatial region A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001] quality Quality the ambient temperature of this portion of air the color of a tomato the length of the circumference of your waist the mass of this piece of gold. the shape of your nose the shape of your nostril a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] quality a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] sdc SpecificallyDependentContinuant Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates. the disposition of this fish to decay the function of this heart: to pump blood the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79 the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center the role of being a doctor the shape of this hole. the smell of this portion of mozzarella A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004] (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. specifically dependent continuant b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. per discussion with Barry Smith (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004] (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] role Role John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. the priest role the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories the role of a building in serving as a military target the role of a stone in marking a property boundary the role of subject in a clinical trial the student role A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives. b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] role b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] fiat-object-part FiatObjectPart or with divisions drawn by cognitive subjects for practical reasons, such as the division of a cake (before slicing) into (what will become) slices (and thus member parts of an object aggregate). However, this does not mean that fiat object parts are dependent for their existence on divisions or delineations effected by cognitive subjects. If, for example, it is correct to conceive geological layers of the Earth as fiat object parts of the Earth, then even though these layers were first delineated in recent times, still existed long before such delineation and what holds of these layers (for example that the oldest layers are also the lowest layers) did not begin to hold because of our acts of delineation.Treatment of material entity in BFOExamples viewed by some as problematic cases for the trichotomy of fiat object part, object, and object aggregate include: a mussel on (and attached to) a rock, a slime mold, a pizza, a cloud, a galaxy, a railway train with engine and multiple carriages, a clonal stand of quaking aspen, a bacterial community (biofilm), a broken femur. Note that, as Aristotle already clearly recognized, such problematic cases – which lie at or near the penumbra of instances defined by the categories in question – need not invalidate these categories. The existence of grey objects does not prove that there are not objects which are black and objects which are white; the existence of mules does not prove that there are not objects which are donkeys and objects which are horses. It does, however, show that the examples in question need to be addressed carefully in order to show how they can be fitted into the proposed scheme, for example by recognizing additional subdivisions [29 the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body. the Western hemisphere of the Earth the division of the brain into regions the division of the planet into hemispheres the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body the upper and lower lobes of the left lung BFO 2 Reference: Most examples of fiat object parts are associated with theoretically drawn divisions b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004]) (forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004] fiat object part b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004]) (forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004] 1d-s-region OneDimensionalSpatialRegion an edge of a cube-shaped portion of space. A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001] one-dimensional spatial region A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001] object-aggregate ObjectAggregate a collection of cells in a blood biobank. a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds a symphony orchestra an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team) defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint the aggregate of blood cells in your body the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere the restaurants in Palo Alto your collection of Meissen ceramic plates. An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee). ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] object aggregate An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] 3d-s-region ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion a cube-shaped region of space a sphere-shaped region of space, A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001]) (forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001] three-dimensional spatial region A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001]) (forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001] site Site Manhattan Canyon) a hole in the interior of a portion of cheese a rabbit hole an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport the Grand Canyon the Piazza San Marco the cockpit of an aircraft the hold of a ship the interior of a kangaroo pouch the interior of the trunk of your car the interior of your bedroom the interior of your office the interior of your refrigerator the lumen of your gut your left nostril (a fiat part – the opening – of your left nasal cavity) b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002]) (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002] site b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002]) (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002] object Object atom cell cells and organisms engineered artifacts grain of sand molecule organelle organism planet solid portions of matter star BFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting. BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below). BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47 BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entity BFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74 b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001]) object b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001]) gdc GenericallyDependentContinuant The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity. the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] generically dependent continuant b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] function Function the function of a hammer to drive in nails the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc. A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] function A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] p-boundary ProcessBoundary the boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life. p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001]) Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002]) (forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002] (iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001] process boundary p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001]) Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002]) (forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002] (iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001] 1d-t-region OneDimensionalTemporalRegion the temporal region during which a process occurs. BFO 2 Reference: A temporal interval is a special kind of one-dimensional temporal region, namely one that is self-connected (is without gaps or breaks). A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001] one-dimensional temporal region A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001] material MaterialEntity a flame a forest fire a human being a hurricane a photon a puff of smoke a sea wave a tornado an aggregate of human beings. an energy wave an epidemic the undetached arm of a human being An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60 BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity. BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here. Elucidation: An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] material entity material entity A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] cf-boundary ContinuantFiatBoundary b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001]) BFO 2 Reference: In BFO 1.1 the assumption was made that the external surface of a material entity such as a cell could be treated as if it were a boundary in the mathematical sense. The new document propounds the view that when we talk about external surfaces of material objects in this way then we are talking about something fiat. To be dealt with in a future version: fiat boundaries at different levels of granularity.More generally, the focus in discussion of boundaries in BFO 2.0 is now on fiat boundaries, which means: boundaries for which there is no assumption that they coincide with physical discontinuities. The ontology of boundaries becomes more closely allied with the ontology of regions. BFO 2 Reference: a continuant fiat boundary is a boundary of some material entity (for example: the plane separating the Northern and Southern hemispheres; the North Pole), or it is a boundary of some immaterial entity (for example of some portion of airspace). Three basic kinds of continuant fiat boundary can be distinguished (together with various combination kinds [29 Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions. Every continuant fiat boundary is located at some spatial region at every time at which it exists (iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001] continuant fiat boundary b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001]) Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions. (iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001] immaterial ImmaterialEntity BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10 immaterial entity 1d-cf-boundary OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary The Equator all geopolitical boundaries all lines of latitude and longitude the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin. the median sulcus of your tongue a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001]) (iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001] one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001]) (iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001] process-profile ProcessProfile On a somewhat higher level of complexity are what we shall call rate process profiles, which are the targets of selective abstraction focused not on determinate quality magnitudes plotted over time, but rather on certain ratios between these magnitudes and elapsed times. A speed process profile, for example, is represented by a graph plotting against time the ratio of distance covered per unit of time. Since rates may change, and since such changes, too, may have rates of change, we have to deal here with a hierarchy of process profile universals at successive levels One important sub-family of rate process profiles is illustrated by the beat or frequency profiles of cyclical processes, illustrated by the 60 beats per minute beating process of John’s heart, or the 120 beats per minute drumming process involved in one of John’s performances in a rock band, and so on. Each such process includes what we shall call a beat process profile instance as part, a subtype of rate process profile in which the salient ratio is not distance covered but rather number of beat cycles per unit of time. Each beat process profile instance instantiates the determinable universal beat process profile. But it also instantiates multiple more specialized universals at lower levels of generality, selected from rate process profilebeat process profileregular beat process profile3 bpm beat process profile4 bpm beat process profileirregular beat process profileincreasing beat process profileand so on.In the case of a regular beat process profile, a rate can be assigned in the simplest possible fashion by dividing the number of cycles by the length of the temporal region occupied by the beating process profile as a whole. Irregular process profiles of this sort, for example as identified in the clinic, or in the readings on an aircraft instrument panel, are often of diagnostic significance. The simplest type of process profiles are what we shall call ‘quality process profiles’, which are the process profiles which serve as the foci of the sort of selective abstraction that is involved when measurements are made of changes in single qualities, as illustrated, for example, by process profiles of mass, temperature, aortic pressure, and so on. b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002]) b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005]) (forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005] (iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002] process profile b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002]) b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005]) (forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005] (iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002] r-quality RelationalQuality John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. a marriage bond, an instance of requited love, an obligation between one person and another. b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001]) (iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001] relational quality b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001]) (iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001] 2d-cf-boundary TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001]) (iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001] two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001]) (iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001] 0d-cf-boundary ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary the geographic North Pole the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system. the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001]) (iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001] zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. requested by Melanie Courtot a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001]) (iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001] 0d-t-region ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion a temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary right now the moment at which a child is born the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident the moment of death. temporal instant. A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001] zero-dimensional temporal region A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001] history History A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001]) history A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001]) An evaluation performed on a patient of record to determine any changes in the patients dental and medical health status since a previous comprehensive or periodic evaluation. This includes an oral cancer evaluation and periodontal screening where indicated, and may require interpretation of information acquired through additional diagnostic procedures. Report additional diagnostic procedures separately. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 periodic oral evaluation - established patient D0120 billing code D0120: periodic oral evaluation - established patient An evaluation limited to a specific oral health problem or complaint. This may require interpretation of information acquired through additional diagnostic procedures. Report additional diagnostic procedures separately. Definitive procedures may be required on the same date as the evaluation. Typically, patients receiving this type of evaluation present with a specific problem and/or dental emergencies, trauma, acute infections, etc. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 limited oral evaluation - problem focused D0140 billing code D0140: limited oral evaluation - problem focused Used by a general dentist and/or a specialist when evaluating a patient comprehensively. This applies to new patients; established patients who have had a significant change in health conditions or other unusual circumstances, by report, or established patients who have been absent from active treatment for three or more years. It is a thorough evaluation and recording of the extraoral and intraoral hard and soft tissues. It may require interpretation of information acquired through additional diagnostic procedures. Additional diagnostic procedures should be reported separately. This includes an evaluation for oral cancer where indicated, the evaluation and recording of the patients dental and medical history and a general health assessment. It may include the evaluation and recording of dental caries, missing or unerupted teeth, restorations, existing prostheses, occlusal relationships, periodontal conditions (including periodontal screening and/or charting), hard and soft tissue anomalies, etc. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 comprehensive oral evaluation - new or established patient D0150 billing code D0150: comprehensive oral evaluation - new or established patient A detailed and extensive problem focused evaluation entails extensive diagnostic and cognitive modalities based on the findings of a comprehensive oral evaluation. Integration of more extensive diagnostic modalities to develop a treatment plan for a specific problem is required. The condition requiring this type of evaluation should be described and documented. Examples of conditions requiring this type of evaluation may include dentofacial anomalies, complicated perio-prosthetic conditions, complex temporomandibular dysfunction, facial pain of unknown origin, conditions requiring multi-disciplinary consultation, etc. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 A narrative explaining the treatment provided must be included with a claim submission that uses this code. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 detailed and extensive oral evaluation - problem focused, by report D0160 billing code D0160: detailed and extensive oral evaluation - problem focused, by report This procedure is indicated for patients showing signs or symptoms of periodontal disease and for patients with risk factors such as smoking or diabetes. It includes evaluation of periodontal conditions, probing and charting, evaluation and recording of the patients dental and medical history and general health assessment. It may include the evaluation and recording of dental caries, missing or unerupted teeth, restorations, occlusal relationships and oral cancer evaluation. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 comprehensive periodontal evaluation - new or established patient D0180 billing code D0180: comprehensive periodontal evaluation - new or established patient Mechanically and/or chemically prepared enamel surface sealed to prevent decay. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 sealant - per tooth D1351 billing code D1351: sealant - per tooth Conservative restoration of an active cavitated lesion in a pit or fissure that does not extend into dentin; includes placement of a sealant in any radiating non-carious fissures or pits. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 preventive resin restoration in a moderate to high caries risk patient - permanent tooth D1352 billing code D1352: preventive resin restoration in a moderate to high caries risk patient - permanent tooth 1 amalgam - one surface, primary or permanent D2140 billing code D2140: amalgam - one surface, primary or permanent 2 amalgam - two surfaces, primary or permanent D2150 billing code D2150: amalgam - two surfaces, primary or permanent 3 amalgam - three surfaces, primary or permanent D2160 billing code D2160: amalgam - three surfaces, primary or permanent 4 amalgam - four or more surfaces, primary or permanent D2161 billing code D2161: amalgam - four or more surfaces, primary or permanent resin-based composite - one surface, anterior D2330 billing code D2330: resin-based composite - one surface, anterior resin-based composite - two surfaces, anterior D2331 billing code D2331: resin-based composite - two surfaces, anterior resin-based composite - three surfaces, anterior D2332 billing code D2332: resin-based composite - three surfaces, anterior Incisal angle to be defined as one of the angles formed by the junction of the incisal and the mesial or distal surface of an anterior tooth. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 resin-based composite - four or more surfaces or involving incisal angle (anterior) D2335 billing code D2335: resin-based composite - four or more surfaces or involving incisal angle (anterior) Full resin-based composite coverage of tooth. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 resin-based composite crown, anterior D2390 billing code D2390: resin-based composite crown, anterior Used to restore a carious lesion into the dentin or a deeply eroded area into the dentin. Not a preventive procedure. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 resin-based composite - one surface, posterior D2391 billing code D2391: resin-based composite - one surface, posterior resin-based composite - two surfaces, posterior D2392 billing code D2392: resin-based composite - two surfaces, posterior resin-based composite - three surfaces, posterior D2393 billing code D2393: resin-based composite - three surfaces, posterior resin-based composite - four or more surfaces, posterior D2394 billing code D2394: resin-based composite - four or more surfaces, posterior 1 gold foil - one surface D2410 billing code D2410: gold foil - one surface 2 gold foil - two surfaces D2420 billing code D2420: gold foil - two surfaces 3 gold foil - three surfaces D2430 billing code D2430: gold foil - three surfaces inlay - metallic - one surface D2510 billing code D2510: inlay - metallic - one surface inlay - metallic - two surfaces D2520 billing code D2520: inlay - metallic - two surfaces inlay - metallic - three or more surfaces D2530 billing code D2530: inlay - metallic - three or more surfaces onlay - metallic - two surfaces D2542 billing code D2542: onlay - metallic - two surfaces onlay - metallic - three surfaces D2543 billing code D2543: onlay - metallic - three surfaces onlay - metallic - four or more surfaces D2544 billing code D2544: onlay - metallic - four or more surfaces inlay - porcelain/ceramic - one surface D2610 billing code D2610: inlay - porcelain/ceramic - one surface inlay - porcelain/ceramic - two surfaces D2620 billing code D2620: inlay - porcelain/ceramic - two surfaces inlay - porcelain/ceramic - three or more surfaces D2630 billing code D2630: inlay - porcelain/ceramic - three or more surfaces onlay - porcelain/ceramic - two surfaces D2642 billing code D2642: onlay - porcelain/ceramic - two surfaces onlay - porcelain/ceramic - three surfaces D2643 billing code D2643: onlay - porcelain/ceramic - three surfaces onlay - porcelain/ceramic - four or more surfaces D2644 billing code D2644: onlay - porcelain/ceramic - four or more surfaces inlay - resin-based composite - one surface D2650 billing code D2650: inlay - resin-based composite - one surface inlay - resin-based composite - two surfaces D2651 billing code D2651: inlay - resin-based composite - two surfaces inlay - resin-based composite - three or more surfaces D2652 billing code D2652: inlay - resin-based composite - three or more surfaces onlay - resin-based composite - two surfaces D2662 billing code D2662: onlay - resin-based composite - two surfaces onlay - resin-based composite - three surfaces D2663 billing code D2663: onlay - resin-based composite - three surfaces onlay - resin-based composite - four or more surfaces D2664 billing code D2664: onlay - resin-based composite - four or more surfaces Unfilled or non-reinforced resin crowns should be reported using D2999. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 crown - resin-based composite (indirect) D2710 billing code D2710: crown - resin-based composite (indirect) This code does not include facial veneers. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 crown - 3/4 resin-based composite (indirect) D2712 billing code D2712: crown - 3/4 resin-based composite (indirect) crown - resin with high noble metal D2720 billing code D2720: crown - resin with high noble metal crown - resin with predominantly base metal D2721 billing code D2721: crown - resin with predominantly base metal crown - resin with noble metal D2722 billing code D2722: crown - resin with noble metal crown - porcelain/ceramic substrate D2740 billing code D2740: crown - porcelain/ceramic substrate crown - porcelain fused to high noble metal D2750 billing code D2750: crown - porcelain fused to high noble metal crown - porcelain fused to predominantly base metal D2751 billing code D2751: crown - porcelain fused to predominantly base metal crown - porcelain fused to noble metal D2752 billing code D2752: crown - porcelain fused to noble metal crown - 3/4 cast high noble metal D2780 billing code D2780: crown - 3/4 cast high noble metal crown - 3/4 cast predominantly base metal D2781 billing code D2781: crown - 3/4 cast predominantly base metal crown - 3/4 cast noble metal D2782 billing code D2782: crown - 3/4 cast noble metal This code does not include facial veneers. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 crown - 3/4 porcelain/ceramic D2783 billing code D2783: crown - 3/4 porcelain/ceramic crown - full cast high noble metal D2790 billing code D2790: crown - full cast high noble metal crown - full cast predominantly base metal D2791 billing code D2791: crown - full cast predominantly base metal crown - full cast noble metal D2792 billing code D2792: crown - full cast noble metal crown - titanium D2794 billing code D2794: crown - titanium Crown utilized as an interim restoration of at least six months duration during restorative treatment to allow adequate time for healing or completion of other procedures. This includes, but is not limited to changing vertical dimension, completing periodontal therapy or cracked-tooth syndrome. This is not to be used as a temporary crown for a routine prosthetic restoration. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 provisional crown D2799 billing code D2799: provisional crown prefabricated stainless steel crown - permanent tooth D2931 billing code D2931: prefabricated stainless steel crown - permanent tooth prefabricated resin crown D2932 billing code D2932: prefabricated resin crown Open-face stainless steel crown with aesthetic resin facing or veneer. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 prefabricated stainless steel crown with resin window D2933 billing code D2933: prefabricated stainless steel crown with resin window Direct placement of a temporary restorative material to protect tooth and/ or tissue form. This procedure may be used to relieve pain, promote healing, or prevent further deterioration. Not to be used for endodontic access closure, or as a base or liner under a restoration. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 protective restoration D2940 billing code D2940: protective restoration Refers to building up of anatomical crown when restorative crown will be placed, whether or not pins are used. A material is placed in the tooth preparation for a crown when there is insufficient tooth strength and retention for the crown procedure. This should not be reported when the procedure only involves a filler to eliminate any undercut, box form, or concave irregularity in the preparation. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 core buildup, including any pins D2950 billing code D2950: core buildup, including any pins Post and core are custom fabricated as a single unit. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 post and core in addition to crown, indirectly fabricated D2952 billing code D2952: post and core in addition to crown, indirectly fabricated Core is built around a prefabricated post. This procedure includes the core material. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 prefabricated post and core in addition to crown D2954 billing code D2954: prefabricated post and core in addition to crown Refers to labial/facial direct resin bonded veneers. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 labial veneer (resin laminate) - chairside D2960 billing code D2960: labial veneer (resin laminate) - chairside Refers to labial/facial indirect resin bonded veneers. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 labial veneer (resin laminate) - laboratory D2961 billing code D2961: labial veneer (resin laminate) - laboratory Refers also to facial veneers that extend interproximally and/or cover the incisal edge. Porcelain/ceramic veneers presently include all ceramic and porcelain veneers. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 labial veneer (porcelain laminate) - laboratory D2962 billing code D2962: labial veneer (porcelain laminate) - laboratory Usually a preformed artificial crown, which is fitted over a damaged tooth as an immediate protective device. This is not to be used as temporization during crown fabrication. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 temporary crown (fractured tooth) D2970 billing code D2970: temporary crown (fractured tooth) Pulpotomy is the surgical removal of a portion of the pulp with the aim of maintaining the vitality of the remaining portion by means of an adequate dressing. To be performed on primary or permanent teeth. This is not to be construed as the first stage of root canal therapy. Not to be used for apexogenesis. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 therapeutic pulpotomy (excluding final restoration) - removal of pulp coronal to the dentinocemental junction and application of medicament D3220 billing code D3220: therapeutic pulpotomy (excluding final restoration) - removal of pulp coronal to the dentinocemental junction and application of medicament Pulpal debridement for the relief of acute pain prior to conventional root canal therapy. This procedure is not to be used when endodontic treatment is completed on the same day. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 pulpal debridement, primary and permanent teeth D3221 billing code D3221: pulpal debridement, primary and permanent teeth Removal of a portion of the pulp and application of a medicament with the aim of maintaining the vitality of the remaining portion to encourage continued physiological development and formation of the root. This procedure is not to be construed as the first stage of root canal therapy. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 partial pulpotomy for apexogenesis - permanent tooth with incomplete root development D3222 billing code D3222: partial pulpotomy for apexogenesis - permanent tooth with incomplete root development endodontic therapy, anterior tooth (excluding final restoration) D3310 billing code D3310: endodontic therapy, anterior tooth (excluding final restoration) endodontic therapy, bicuspid tooth (excluding final restoration) D3320 billing code D3320: endodontic therapy, bicuspid tooth (excluding final restoration) endodontic therapy, molar (excluding final restoration) D3330 billing code D3330: endodontic therapy, molar (excluding final restoration) retreatment of previous root canal therapy - anterior D3346 billing code D3346: retreatment of previous root canal therapy - anterior retreatment of previous root canal therapy - bicuspid D3347 billing code D3347: retreatment of previous root canal therapy - bicuspid retreatment of previous root canal therapy - molar D3348 billing code D3348: retreatment of previous root canal therapy - molar For surgery on root of anterior tooth. Does not include placement of retrograde filling material. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 apicoectomy/periradicular surgery - anterior D3410 billing code D3410: apicoectomy/periradicular surgery - anterior For surgery on one root of a bicuspid. Does not include placement of retrograde filling material. If more than one root is treated, see D3426. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 apicoectomy/periradicular surgery - bicuspid (first root) D3421 billing code D3421: apicoectomy/periradicular surgery - bicuspid (first root) For surgery on one root of a molar tooth. Does not include placement of retrograde filling material. If more than one root is treated, see D3426. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 apicoectomy/periradicular surgery - molar (first root) D3425 billing code D3425: apicoectomy/periradicular surgery - molar (first root) Root resection of a multi-rooted tooth while leaving the crown. If the crown is sectioned, see D3920. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 root amputation - per root D3450 billing code D3450: root amputation - per root Includes separation of a multi-rooted tooth into separate sections containing the root and the overlying portion of the crown. It may also include the removal of one or more of those sections. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 hemisection (including any root removal), not including root canal therapy D3920 billing code D3920: hemisection (including any root removal), not including root canal therapy Not to be used as a temporary or provisional prosthesis. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 pontic - indirect resin based composite D6205 billing code D6205: pontic - indirect resin based composite pontic - cast high noble metal D6210 billing code D6210: pontic - cast high noble metal pontic - cast predominantly base metal D6211 billing code D6211: pontic - cast predominantly base metal pontic - cast noble metal D6212 billing code D6212: pontic - cast noble metal pontic - titanium D6214 billing code D6214: pontic - titanium pontic - porcelain fused to high noble metal D6240 billing code D6240: pontic - porcelain fused to high noble metal pontic - porcelain fused to predominantly base metal D6241 billing code D6241: pontic - porcelain fused to predominantly base metal pontic - porcelain fused to noble metal D6242 billing code D6242: pontic - porcelain fused to noble metal pontic - porcelain/ceramic D6245 billing code D6245: pontic - porcelain/ceramic pontic - resin with high noble metal D6250 billing code D6250: pontic - resin with high noble metal pontic - resin with predominantly base metal D6251 billing code D6251: pontic - resin with predominantly base metal pontic - resin with noble metal D6252 billing code D6252: pontic - resin with noble metal Pontic utilized as an interim of at least six months duration during restorative treatment to allow adequate time for healing or completion of other procedures. This is not to be used as a temporary pontic for routine prosthetic fixed partial dentures. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 provisional pontic D6253 billing code D6253: provisional pontic Pontic used as an interim restoration for a duration of less than six months when a final impression is not made to allow adequate time for healing or completion of definitive treatment planning. This is not a temporary pontic for routine prosthetic fixed partial denture restoration. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 interim pontic D6254 billing code D6254: interim pontic retainer - cast metal for resin bonded fixed prosthesis D6545 billing code D6545: retainer - cast metal for resin bonded fixed prosthesis retainer - porcelain/ceramic for resin bonded fixed prosthesis D6548 billing code D6548: retainer - porcelain/ceramic for resin bonded fixed prosthesis inlay - porcelain/ceramic, two surfaces D6600 billing code D6600: inlay - porcelain/ceramic, two surfaces inlay - porcelain/ceramic, three or more surfaces D6601 billing code D6601: inlay - porcelain/ceramic, three or more surfaces inlay - cast high noble metal, two surfaces D6602 billing code D6602: inlay - cast high noble metal, two surfaces inlay - cast high noble metal, three or more surfaces D6603 billing code D6603: inlay - cast high noble metal, three or more surfaces inlay - cast predominantly base metal, two surfaces D6604 billing code D6604: inlay - cast predominantly base metal, two surfaces inlay - cast predominantly base metal, three or more surfaces D6605 billing code D6605: inlay - cast predominantly base metal, three or more surfaces inlay - cast noble metal, two surfaces D6606 billing code D6606: inlay - cast noble metal, two surfaces inlay - cast noble metal, three or more surfaces D6607 billing code D6607: inlay - cast noble metal, three or more surfaces onlay -porcelain/ceramic, two surfaces D6608 billing code D6608: onlay -porcelain/ceramic, two surfaces onlay - porcelain/ceramic, three or more surfaces D6609 billing code D6609: onlay - porcelain/ceramic, three or more surfaces onlay - cast high noble metal, two surfaces D6610 billing code D6610: onlay - cast high noble metal, two surfaces onlay - cast high noble metal, three or more surfaces D6611 billing code D6611: onlay - cast high noble metal, three or more surfaces onlay - cast predominantly base metal, two surfaces D6612 billing code D6612: onlay - cast predominantly base metal, two surfaces onlay - cast predominantly base metal, three or more surfaces D6613 billing code D6613: onlay - cast predominantly base metal, three or more surfaces onlay - cast noble metal, two surfaces D6614 billing code D6614: onlay - cast noble metal, two surfaces onlay - cast noble metal, three or more surfaces D6615 billing code D6615: onlay - cast noble metal, three or more surfaces inlay - titanium D6624 billing code D6624: inlay - titanium onlay - titanium D6634 billing code D6634: onlay - titanium Not to be used as a temporary or provisional prosthesis. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 crown - indirect resin based composite D6710 billing code D6710: crown - indirect resin based composite crown - resin with high noble metal D6720 billing code D6720: crown - resin with high noble metal crown - resin with predominantly base metal D6721 billing code D6721: crown - resin with predominantly base metal crown - resin with noble metal D6722 billing code D6722: crown - resin with noble metal crown - porcelain/ceramic D6740 billing code D6740: crown - porcelain/ceramic crown - porcelain fused to high noble metal D6750 billing code D6750: crown - porcelain fused to high noble metal crown - porcelain fused to predominantly base metal D6751 billing code D6751: crown - porcelain fused to predominantly base metal crown - porcelain fused to noble metal D6752 billing code D6752: crown - porcelain fused to noble metal crown - 3/4 cast high noble metal D6780 billing code D6780: crown - 3/4 cast high noble metal crown - 3/4 cast predominantly base metal D6781 billing code D6781: crown - 3/4 cast predominantly base metal crown - 3/4 cast noble metal D6782 billing code D6782: crown - 3/4 cast noble metal crown - 3/4 porcelain/ceramic D6783 billing code D6783: crown - 3/4 porcelain/ceramic crown - full cast high noble metal D6790 billing code D6790: crown - full cast high noble metal crown - full cast predominantly base metal D6791 billing code D6791: crown - full cast predominantly base metal crown - full cast noble metal D6792 billing code D6792: crown - full cast noble metal Retainer crown utilized as an interim of at least six months duration during restorative treatment to allow adequate time for healing or completion of other procedures. This is not to be used as a temporary retainer crown for routine prosthetic fixed partial dentures. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 provisional retainer crown D6793 billing code D6793: provisional retainer crown crown - titanium D6794 billing code D6794: crown - titanium Retainer crown used as an interim restoration for a duration of less than six months when a final impression is not made to allow adequate time for healing or completion of definitive treatment planning. This is not a temporary retainer crown for routine prosthetic fixed partial denture restoration. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 interim retainer crown D6795 billing code D6795: interim retainer crown Post and core are custom fabricated as a single unit. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 post and core in addition to fixed partial denture retainer, indirectly fabricated D6970 billing code D6970: post and core in addition to fixed partial denture retainer, indirectly fabricated prefabricated post and core in addition to fixed partial denture retainer D6972 billing code D6972: prefabricated post and core in addition to fixed partial denture retainer core build up for retainer, including any pins D6973 billing code D6973: core build up for retainer, including any pins For information on the datetimestamp formate see: http://www.schemacentral.com/sc/xsd11/t-xsd_dateTimeStamp.html 2003-01-01T00:00:00-5:00 single tooth D7110 billing code D7110: single tooth For information on the datetimestamp formate see: http://www.schemacentral.com/sc/xsd11/t-xsd_dateTimeStamp.html To be reported for an additional extraction in the same quadrant at the same visit. cdt3 users manual: current dental terminology version 2000 2003-01-01T00:00:00-5:00 each additional tooth D7120 billing code D7120: each additional tooth Includes routine removal of tooth structure, minor smoothing of socket bone, and closure, as necessary. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 extraction, erupted tooth or exposed root (elevation and/or forceps removal) D7140 billing code D7140: extraction, erupted tooth or exposed root (elevation and/or forceps removal) Includes related cutting of gingiva and bone, removal of tooth structure, minor smoothing of socket bone and closure. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 surgical removal of erupted tooth requiring removal of bone and/or sectioning of tooth, and including elevation of mucoperiosteal flap if indicated D7210 billing code D7210: surgical removal of erupted tooth requiring removal of bone and/or sectioning of tooth, and including elevation of mucoperiosteal flap if indicated This is typically reported on a per visit basis for emergency treatment of dental pain. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 palliative (emergency) treatment of dental pain - minor procedure This is typically reported on a "per visit" basis for emergency treatment of dental pain. D9110 billing code D9110: palliative (emergency) treatment of dental pain - minor procedure This is typically reported on a "per visit" basis for emergency treatment of dental pain. A current dental terminology code is a centrally registered identifier that is maintained by the American Dental Association and used for recording dental services provided. It is typically used on the patient record, and when reporting procedures on a paper or electronic submission. current dental terminology code Tooth preparation, all adhesives (including amalgam bonding agents), liners and bases are included as part of the restoration. If pins are used, they should be reported separately (see D2951). ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 amalgam restorations (including polishing) billing code for amalgam restorations (including polishing) inlay/onlay restorations - metallic billing code for inlay/onlay restorations - metallic fixed partial denture pontics billing code for fixed partial denture pontics Each retainer and each pontic constitutes a unit in a fixed partial denture. Local anesthesia is usually considered to be part of Fixed Prosthodontic procedures. The term 'fixed partial denture' replaces the words 'bridge' and 'bridgework' throughout this section. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 prosthodontics, fixed billing code for prosthodontics, fixed fixed partial denture retainers - crowns billing code for fixed partial denture retainers - crowns adjunctive general services billing code for adjunctive general services inlay/onlay restorations billing code for inlay/onlay restorations other endodontic procedures billing code for other endodontic procedures Resin-based composite inlays/onlays must utilize indirect technique. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 inlay/onlay restorations - resin-based composite billing code for inlay/onlay restorations - resin-based composite Includes primary teeth without succedaneous teeth and permanent teeth. Complete root canal therapy; pulpectomy is part of root canal therapy. Includes all appointments necessary to complete treatment; also includes intra-operative radiographs. Does not include diagnostic evaluation and necessary radiographs/diagnostic images. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 endodontic therapy (including treatment plan, clinical procedures and follow-up care) billing code for endodontic therapy (including treatment plan, clinical procedures and follow-up care) other fixed partial denture services billing code for other fixed partial denture services Resin-based composite refers to a broad category of materials including but not limited to composites. May include bonded composite, light-cured composite, etc. Tooth preparation, acid etching, adhesives (including resin bonding agents), liners and bases and curing are included as part of the restoration. Glass ionomers, when used as restorations, should be reported with these codes. If pins are used, they should be reported separately (see D2951). ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 resin-based composite restorations - direct billing code for resin-based composite restorations - direct Porcelain/ceramic inlays/onlays include all indirect ceramic and porcelain type inlays/onlays. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 inlay/onlay restorations - porcelain/ceramic billing code for inlay/onlay restorations - porcelain/ceramic The codes in this section recognize the cognitive skills necessary for patient evaluation. The collection and recording of some data and components of the dental examination may be delegated; however, the evaluation, which includes diagnosis and treatment planning, is the responsibility of the dentist. As with all ADA procedure codes, there is no distinction made between the evaluations provided by general practitioners and specialists. Report additional diagnostic and/or definitive procedures separately. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 clinical oral evaluations billing code for clinical oral evaluations surgical extractions (includes local anesthesia, suturing, if needed, and routine postoperative care) billing code for surgical extractions (includes local anesthesia, suturing, if needed, and routine postoperative care) Local anesthesia is usually considered to be part of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical procedures. For dental benefit reporting purposes a quadrant is defined as four or more contiguous teeth and/or teeth spaces distal to the midline. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 oral and maxillofacial surgery billing code for oral and maxillofacial surgery fixed partial denture retainers - inlays/onlays billing code for fixed partial denture retainers - inlays/onlays gold foil restorations billing code for gold foil restorations pulpotomy billing code for pulpotomy unclassified treatment billing code for unclassified treatment Local anesthesia is usually considered to be part of Restorative procedures. A one-surface posterior restoration is one in which the restoration involves only one of the five surface classifications (mesial, distal, occlusal, lingual, or facial, including buccal and labial). A two-surface posterior restoration is one in which the restoration extends to two of the five surface classifications. A three-surface posterior restoration is one in which the restoration extends to three of the five surface classifications. A four-or-more surface posterior restoration is one in which the restoration extends to four or more of the five surface classifications. A one-surface anterior proximal restoration is one in which neither the lingual nor the facial margins of the restoration extend beyond the line angle. A two-surface anterior proximal restoration is one in which either the lingual or facial margin of the restoration extends beyond the line angle. A three-surface anterior proximal restoration is one in which both the lingual and facial margins of the restorations extend beyond the line angle. A four-or-more surface anterior restoration is one in which both the lingual and facial margins extend beyond the line angle and the incisal angle is involved. This restoration might also involve all four surfaces of an anterior tooth and not involve the incisal angle. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 restorative billing code for restorative Classification of Materials Classification of Metals (Source: ADA Council on Scientific Affairs) The noble metal classification system has been adopted as a more precise method of reporting various alloys used in dentistry. The alloys are defined on the basis of the percentage of metal content: high noble - Gold (Au), Palladium (Pd), and/or Platinum (Pt) greater than or equql to 60% (with at least 40% Au); titanium and titanium alloys - Titanium (Ti) greater than 85%; noble - Gold (Au), Palladium (Pd), and/or Platinum (Pt) greater than or equal to 25%; predominantly base - Gold (Au), Palladium (Pd), and/or Platinum (Pt) less than 25% Porcelain/ceramic Refers to those non-metal, non-resin inorganic refractory compounds processed at high temperatures (600¬∫C/1112¬∫F and above) and pressed, polished or milled - including porcelains, glasses, and glass-ceramics. Resin Refers to any resin-based composite, including fiber or ceramic reinforced polymer compounds. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 crowns - single restorations only billing code for crowns - single restorations only preventative billing code for preventative other preventive services billing code for other preventive services other restorative services billing code for other restorative services diagnostic billing code for diagnostic Periradicular surgery is a term used to describe surgery to the root surface (e.g., apicoectomy), repair of a root perforation or resorptive defect, exploratory curettage to look for root fractures, removal of extruded filling materials or instruments, removal of broken root fragments, sealing of accessory canals, etc. This does not include retrograde filling material placement. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 apicoectomy/periradicular services billing code for apicoectomy/periradicular services This procedure may include the removal of a post, pin(s), old root canal filling material, and the procedures necessary to prepare the canals and place the canal filling. This includes complete root canal therapy. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 endodontic retreatment billing code for endodontic retreatment Local anesthesia is usually considered to be part of Endodontic procedures. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 endodontics billing code for endodontics extractions (includes local anesthesia, suturing, if needed, and routine postoperative care) billing code for extractions (includes local anesthesia, suturing, if needed, and routine postoperative care) A hard, amorphous, brittle, inorganic, usually transparent, polymerous silicate of basic oxides, usually potassium or sodium. wikipedia.en:Glass chebi_ontology CHEBI:131189 glass wikipedia.en:Glass wikipedia.en An inorganic oxide that is an oxide of any metal. chebi_ontology metal oxides CHEBI:133331 metal oxide metal oxides chebi An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products. cas:1332-58-7 drugbank:DB01575 kegg.drug:D03244 ppdb:1306 pubmed:32322315 reaxys:11323021 vsdb:1306 chebi_ontology Bolus alba China clay argilla porcelain clay white bole CHEBI:140503 kaolin 0 Al2O7Si2.2H2O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1S/2Al.O5Si2.2H2O.2O/c;;1-6(2)5-7(3)4;;;;/h;;;2*1H2;;/q2*+1;-2;;;; 258.159 257.90246 O.O.[O]=[Al][O][Si](=O)O[Si](=O)[O][Al]=[O] cas:1332-58-7 cas drugbank:DB01575 drugbank kegg.drug:D03244 kegg.drug ppdb:1306 ppdb pubmed:32322315 pubmed reaxys:11323021 reaxys vsdb:1306 vsdb Bolus alba chemidplus China clay chemidplus argilla chemidplus porcelain clay chemidplus white bole chemidplus chebi_ontology CHEBI:190496 titanium(3+) 3 Ti CMWCOKOTCLFJOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1S/Ti/q+3 47.867 47.9463 [Ti+3] Any benzenoid aromatic compound consisting of the benzene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. chebi_ontology CHEBI:22712 benzenes chebi_ontology calcium compounds calcium molecular entities calcium molecular entity CHEBI:22985 calcium molecular entity calcium compounds chebi calcium molecular entities chebi calcium molecular entity chebi Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. molecular entity chebi_ontology entidad molecular entidades moleculares entite moleculaire molecular entities molecular entity molekulare Entitaet CHEBI:23367 molecular entity molecular entity IUPAC entidad molecular iupac entidades moleculares iupac entite moleculaire iupac molecular entities iupac molecular entity iupac molekulare Entitaet chebi A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. chebi_ontology chemical entity CHEBI:24431 chemical entity chemical entity uniprot_ft Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH<small>^−</small>). chebi_ontology CHEBI:24651 hydroxides A molecular entity that contains no carbon. chebi_ontology anorganische Verbindungen inorganic compounds inorganic entity inorganic molecular entities inorganics CHEBI:24835 inorganic molecular entity anorganische Verbindungen chebi inorganic compounds chebi inorganic entity chebi inorganic molecular entities chebi inorganics chebi chebi_ontology inorganic oxides CHEBI:24836 inorganic oxide inorganic oxides chebi A salt is an assembly of cations and anions. salt chebi_ontology Salz Salze ionic compound ionic compounds sal sales salt salts sel sels CHEBI:24866 salt salt IUPAC Salz chebi Salze chebi ionic compound chebi ionic compounds chebi sal chebi sales chebi salt iupac salts chebi sel chebi sels chebi A molecular entity having a net electric charge. ion chebi_ontology Ion Ionen ion iones ions CHEBI:24870 ion ion IUPAC Ion chebi Ionen chebi ion chebi ion iupac iones chebi ions chebi Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology Molekuel molecula molecule molecules neutral molecular compounds CHEBI:25367 molecule Molekuel chebi molecula iupac molecule iupac molecules iupac neutral molecular compounds iupac chebi_ontology oxygen molecular entities oxygen molecular entity CHEBI:25806 oxygen molecular entity oxygen molecular entities chebi oxygen molecular entity chebi An element whose atom has an incomplete d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell. transition element chebi_ontology Uebergangselement Uebergangsmetalle metal de transicion metal de transition metales de transicion metaux de transition transition element transition elements transition metal transition metals CHEBI:27081 transition element atom transition element IUPAC Uebergangselement chebi Uebergangsmetalle chebi metal de transicion chebi metal de transition chebi metales de transicion chebi metaux de transition chebi transition element chebi transition element iupac transition elements chebi transition metal chebi transition metals chebi A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27. CHEBI:23335 CHEBI:3788 cas:7440-48-4 kegg.compound:C00175 kegg.compound:C19171 pdb-ccd:3CO webelements:Co Cobalt cobalt chebi_ontology 27Co Co Cobalt Kobalt cobalt cobalto cobaltum CHEBI:27638 cobalt atom 0 Co GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1S/Co 58.933 58.93319 [Co] cas:7440-48-4 cas kegg.compound:C00175 kegg.compound kegg.compound:C19171 kegg.compound pdb-ccd:3CO pdb-ccd webelements:Co webelements Cobalt KEGG_COMPOUND cobalt IUPAC 27Co iupac Co iupac Co uniprot_ft Cobalt kegg.compound Kobalt nist cobalt chebi cobalt iupac cobalto chebi cobaltum chebi A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24. CHEBI:23235 CHEBI:3678 cas:7440-47-3 kegg.compound:C06268 webelements:Cr Chromium chromium chebi_ontology 24Cr Chrom Chromium Cr chrome chromium cromo CHEBI:28073 chromium atom 0 Cr VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1S/Cr 51.996 51.94051 [Cr] cas:7440-47-3 cas kegg.compound:C06268 kegg.compound webelements:Cr webelements Chromium KEGG_COMPOUND chromium IUPAC 24Cr iupac Chrom chemidplus Chromium kegg.compound Cr iupac Cr kegg.compound chrome chebi chromium chebi chromium iupac cromo chebi Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28. CHEBI:25515 CHEBI:7552 cas:7440-02-0 gmelin:16229 kegg.compound:C00291 pubmed:12756270 pubmed:14634084 pubmed:14734778 pubmed:15165199 pubmed:19828094 pubmed:20477134 pubmed:22762130 pubmed:23142754 pubmed:23317102 pubmed:23692032 pubmed:23692035 pubmed:23723488 pubmed:23834453 pubmed:23857010 pubmed:23895079 pubmed:23909687 pubmed:9060994 pubmed:9886425 reaxys:4122946 webelements:Ni wikipedia.en:Nickel nickel chebi_ontology 28Ni Ni Nickel Raney alloy niccolum nickel niquel CHEBI:28112 nickel atom 0 Ni PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1S/Ni 58.693 57.93534 [Ni] cas:7440-02-0 cas gmelin:16229 gmelin kegg.compound:C00291 kegg.compound pubmed:12756270 pubmed pubmed:14634084 pubmed pubmed:14734778 pubmed pubmed:15165199 pubmed pubmed:19828094 pubmed pubmed:20477134 pubmed pubmed:22762130 pubmed pubmed:23142754 pubmed pubmed:23317102 pubmed pubmed:23692032 pubmed pubmed:23692035 pubmed pubmed:23723488 pubmed pubmed:23834453 pubmed pubmed:23857010 pubmed pubmed:23895079 pubmed pubmed:23909687 pubmed pubmed:9060994 pubmed pubmed:9886425 pubmed reaxys:4122946 reaxys webelements:Ni webelements wikipedia.en:Nickel wikipedia.en nickel IUPAC 28Ni iupac Ni iupac Ni uniprot_ft Nickel chebi Raney alloy chemidplus niccolum chebi nickel chebi nickel iupac niquel chebi cas:1344-28-1 gmelin:11099 aluminium(III) oxide dialuminium trioxide chebi_ontology Al2O3 Aluminiumoxid Tonerde alumina aluminium(III) oxide aluminum oxide dialuminium trioxide CHEBI:30187 aluminium oxide 0 Al2O3 101.961 101.94782 cas:1344-28-1 cas gmelin:11099 gmelin aluminium(III) oxide IUPAC dialuminium trioxide IUPAC Al2O3 iupac Aluminiumoxid chebi Tonerde chebi alumina nist aluminium(III) oxide iupac aluminum oxide chemidplus dialuminium trioxide iupac cas:7440-22-4 webelements:Ag silver chebi_ontology 47Ag Ag Silber argent argentum plata silver CHEBI:30512 silver atom 0 Ag BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1S/Ag 107.868 106.9051 [Ag] cas:7440-22-4 cas webelements:Ag webelements silver IUPAC 47Ag iupac Ag iupac Silber chemidplus argent chebi argentum iupac plata chebi silver chebi silver iupac A silicon oxide made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a silicon atom is covalently bonded to two oxygens. bpdb:2487 cas:7631-86-9 drugcentral:4284 gmelin:200274 kegg.compound:C19572 molbase:887 ppdb:282 pubmed:8991630 reaxys:3902804 vsdb:2487 silicon dioxide silicon(IV) oxide chebi_ontology (SiO2)n Kieselsaeureanhydrid SiO2 Silica, amorphous Siliziumdioxid [SiO2] silica silicic anhydride silicon dioxide silicon(IV) oxide CHEBI:30563 silicon dioxide 0 O2Si VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1S/O2Si/c1-3-2 60.084 59.96676 O=[Si]=O bpdb:2487 bpdb cas:7631-86-9 cas drugcentral:4284 drugcentral gmelin:200274 gmelin kegg.compound:C19572 kegg.compound molbase:887 molbase ppdb:282 ppdb pubmed:8991630 pubmed reaxys:3902804 reaxys vsdb:2487 vsdb silicon dioxide IUPAC silicon(IV) oxide IUPAC (SiO2)n chebi Kieselsaeureanhydrid chebi SiO2 iupac Silica, amorphous kegg.compound Siliziumdioxid chebi [SiO2] molbase silica chebi silicic anhydride nist silicon dioxide iupac silicon(IV) oxide iupac cas:1305-62-0 gmelin:846915 kegg.compound:C12277 kegg.drug:D01083 ppdb:110 calcium dihydroxide calcium hydroxide calcium(2+) hydroxide calcium(II) hydroxide chebi_ontology Ca(OH)2 Calcium hydroxide Kalziumhydroxid Loeschkalk calcium dihydroxide calcium hydrate calcium(2+) hydroxide calcium(II) hydroxide geloeschter Kalk hydralime hydrated lime slaked lime CHEBI:31341 calcium dihydroxide 0 Ca.2HO AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L InChI=1S/Ca.2H2O/h;2*1H2/q+2;;/p-2 74.092 73.96807 [Ca+2].[OH-].[OH-] cas:1305-62-0 cas gmelin:846915 gmelin kegg.compound:C12277 kegg.compound kegg.drug:D01083 kegg.drug ppdb:110 ppdb calcium dihydroxide IUPAC calcium(2+) hydroxide IUPAC calcium(II) hydroxide IUPAC Ca(OH)2 iupac Calcium hydroxide kegg.compound Kalziumhydroxid chebi Loeschkalk chebi calcium dihydroxide iupac calcium hydrate nist calcium(2+) hydroxide iupac calcium(II) hydroxide iupac geloeschter Kalk chebi hydralime chemidplus hydrated lime nist slaked lime nist A member of the class of calcium oxides of calcium and oxygen in a 1:1 ratio. 2025-01-30T14:51:10Z cas:1305-78-8 drugbank:DB15648 foodb.food:FDB015401 gmelin:485425 kegg.compound:C13140 kegg.drug:D01679 pubmed:17913574 pubmed:21559188 pubmed:22030481 pubmed:33147815 reaxys:8129996 wikipedia.en:Calcium_oxide calcium oxide chebi_ontology Aetzkalk Branntkalk Calcium oxide Kalziumoxid Lime burnt lime calcium monoxide calcium oxide calx caustic lime gebrannter Kalk limestone quicklime CHEBI:31344 calcium oxide 0 Ca.O BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1S/Ca.O/q+2;-2 56.077 55.95751 [Ca+2].[O-2] cas:1305-78-8 cas drugbank:DB15648 drugbank foodb.food:FDB015401 foodb.food gmelin:485425 gmelin kegg.compound:C13140 kegg.compound kegg.drug:D01679 kegg.drug pubmed:17913574 pubmed pubmed:21559188 pubmed pubmed:22030481 pubmed pubmed:33147815 pubmed reaxys:8129996 reaxys wikipedia.en:Calcium_oxide wikipedia.en calcium oxide IUPAC Aetzkalk chebi Branntkalk chebi Calcium oxide kegg.compound Kalziumoxid chebi Lime kegg.compound burnt lime chemidplus calcium monoxide nist calcium oxide iupac calx nist caustic lime nist gebrannter Kalk chebi limestone chebi quicklime nist A titanium oxide with the formula TiO<small>₂</small>. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications. cas:13463-67-7 drugcentral:4237 gmelin:833511 gmelin:9354 kegg.compound:C13409 kegg.drug:D01931 molbase:272 ppdb:1311 pubmed:29079364 wikipedia.en:Titanium_Dioxide bis(oxido)titanium titanium dioxide titanium(IV) oxide chebi_ontology E 171 TiO2 Titandioxid Titanium dioxide Titanium oxide [TiO2] bis(oxido)titanium dioxido de titanio dioxyde de titane oxido de titanio(IV) titania titanium dioxide titanium(IV) oxide CHEBI:32234 titanium dioxide 0 O2Ti GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1S/2O.Ti 79.865 79.93778 [O]=[Ti]=[O] cas:13463-67-7 cas drugcentral:4237 drugcentral gmelin:833511 gmelin gmelin:9354 gmelin kegg.compound:C13409 kegg.compound kegg.drug:D01931 kegg.drug molbase:272 molbase ppdb:1311 ppdb pubmed:29079364 pubmed wikipedia.en:Titanium_Dioxide wikipedia.en bis(oxido)titanium IUPAC titanium dioxide IUPAC titanium(IV) oxide IUPAC E 171 chebi TiO2 iupac Titandioxid chemidplus Titanium dioxide kegg.compound Titanium oxide kegg.compound [TiO2] molbase bis(oxido)titanium iupac dioxido de titanio chebi dioxyde de titane chebi oxido de titanio(IV) chebi titania chemidplus titanium dioxide iupac titanium(IV) oxide chemidplus titanium(IV) oxide iupac A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. CHEBI:22671 CHEBI:23907 atom chebi_ontology atom atome atomo atoms atomus element elements CHEBI:33250 atom atom IUPAC atom iupac atome iupac atomo iupac atoms chebi atomus chebi element chebi elements chebi A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. chebi_ontology heteroorganic entities organoelement compounds CHEBI:33285 heteroorganic entity heteroorganic entities chebi organoelement compounds chebi A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal. chebi_ontology alkali metal molecular entities CHEBI:33296 alkali metal molecular entity alkali metal molecular entities chebi An alkaline earth molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkaline earth metal. chebi_ontology alkaline earth compounds alkaline earth molecular entities alkaline earth molecular entity alkaline-earth compounds CHEBI:33299 alkaline earth molecular entity alkaline earth compounds chebi alkaline earth molecular entities chebi alkaline earth molecular entity chebi alkaline-earth compounds chebi Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. chebi_ontology chalcogen compounds chalcogen molecular entities chalcogen molecular entity CHEBI:33304 chalcogen molecular entity chalcogen compounds chebi chalcogen molecular entities chebi chalcogen molecular entity chebi cas:7440-24-6 webelements:Sr strontium chebi_ontology 38Sr Sr estroncio strontium CHEBI:33324 strontium atom 0 Sr CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1S/Sr 87.62 87.90561 [Sr] cas:7440-24-6 cas webelements:Sr webelements strontium IUPAC 38Sr iupac Sr iupac estroncio chebi strontium chebi strontium iupac A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a transition element. chebi_ontology transition element molecular entities transition metal molecular entity CHEBI:33497 transition element molecular entity transition element molecular entities chebi transition metal molecular entity chebi An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity. CHEBI:25217 CHEBI:6788 kegg.compound:C00050 pubmed:21784043 wikipedia.en:Metal chebi_ontology elemental metal elemental metals metal element metal elements metals CHEBI:33521 metal atom kegg.compound:C00050 kegg.compound pubmed:21784043 pubmed wikipedia.en:Metal wikipedia.en elemental metal chebi elemental metals chebi metal element chebi metal elements chebi metals chebi chebi_ontology d-block element d-block elements CHEBI:33561 d-block element atom d-block element chebi d-block elements chebi A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. chebi_ontology main group compounds main group molecular entities CHEBI:33579 main group molecular entity main group compounds chebi main group molecular entities chebi chebi_ontology carbon group molecular entities carbon group molecular entity CHEBI:33582 carbon group molecular entity carbon group molecular entities chebi carbon group molecular entity chebi Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring. wikipedia.en:Cyclic_compound chebi_ontology cyclic compounds CHEBI:33595 cyclic compound wikipedia.en:Cyclic_compound wikipedia.en cyclic compounds chebi A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of the same element only. homocyclic compound homocyclic compounds chebi_ontology homocyclic compound homocyclic compounds isocyclic compounds CHEBI:33597 homocyclic compound homocyclic compound IUPAC homocyclic compounds IUPAC homocyclic compound iupac homocyclic compounds iupac isocyclic compounds iupac A homocyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms. carbocyclic compound carbocyclic compounds chebi_ontology carbocycle carbocyclic compound carbocyclic compounds CHEBI:33598 carbocyclic compound carbocyclic compound IUPAC carbocyclic compounds IUPAC carbocycle chebi carbocyclic compound iupac carbocyclic compounds iupac chebi_ontology organic aromatic compounds CHEBI:33659 organic aromatic compound organic aromatic compounds chebi An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. chebi_ontology s-block compounds s-block molecular entities s-block molecular entity CHEBI:33674 s-block molecular entity s-block compounds chebi s-block molecular entities chebi s-block molecular entity chebi A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. chebi_ontology p-block compounds p-block molecular entities p-block molecular entitiy CHEBI:33675 p-block molecular entity p-block compounds chebi p-block molecular entities chebi p-block molecular entitiy chebi A d-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a d-block element. chebi_ontology d-block compounds d-block molecular entities d-block molecular entity CHEBI:33676 d-block molecular entity d-block compounds chebi d-block molecular entities chebi d-block molecular entity chebi Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring. chebi_ontology organic cyclic compounds CHEBI:33832 organic cyclic compound organic cyclic compounds chebi An enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol. CHEBI:53441 cas:868-77-9 gmelin:936557 kegg.compound:C14530 pubmed:10444249 pubmed:11714252 pubmed:15186380 pubmed:22886489 pubmed:22889382 pubmed:23137186 pubmed:23157270 pubmed:23182953 pubmed:23275084 pubmed:23305206 pubmed:23360228 pubmed:23370864 pubmed:23399173 pubmed:23466546 pubmed:23516576 pubmed:23587005 pubmed:23611114 pubmed:23670604 pubmed:23673616 reaxys:1071583 wikipedia.en:(Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate chebi_ontology (hydroxyethyl)methacrylate 1,2-Ethanediol mono(2-methyl)-2-propenoate 2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethanol 2-Hydroxyethyl 2-methylacrylate 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylate 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate Ethylene glycol methacrylate Ethylene glycol monomethacrylate Glycol methacrylate Glycol monomethacrylate HEMA Hydroxyethyl methacrylate beta-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate CHEBI:34288 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate 0 C6H10O3 WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1S/C6H10O3/c1-5(2)6(8)9-4-3-7/h7H,1,3-4H2,2H3 130.143 130.06299 C=C(C)C(=O)OCCO cas:868-77-9 cas gmelin:936557 gmelin kegg.compound:C14530 kegg.compound pubmed:10444249 pubmed pubmed:11714252 pubmed pubmed:15186380 pubmed pubmed:22886489 pubmed pubmed:22889382 pubmed pubmed:23137186 pubmed pubmed:23157270 pubmed pubmed:23182953 pubmed pubmed:23275084 pubmed pubmed:23305206 pubmed pubmed:23360228 pubmed pubmed:23370864 pubmed pubmed:23399173 pubmed pubmed:23466546 pubmed pubmed:23516576 pubmed pubmed:23587005 pubmed pubmed:23611114 pubmed pubmed:23670604 pubmed pubmed:23673616 pubmed reaxys:1071583 reaxys wikipedia.en:(Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate wikipedia.en 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate IUPAC (hydroxyethyl)methacrylate chebi 1,2-Ethanediol mono(2-methyl)-2-propenoate nist 2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethanol chemidplus 2-Hydroxyethyl 2-methylacrylate nist 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate kegg.compound 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylate chemidplus 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate iupac Ethylene glycol methacrylate chemidplus Ethylene glycol monomethacrylate chemidplus Glycol methacrylate chemidplus Glycol monomethacrylate chemidplus HEMA kegg.compound Hydroxyethyl methacrylate chemidplus beta-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate nist A bornane monoterpenoid that is bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane substituted by methyl groups at positions 1, 7 and 7 and oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. cas:10373-78-1 cas:465-29-2 gmelin:482102 kegg.compound:C14515 lipidmaps:LMPR0102120030 pubmed:24430338 reaxys:1909463 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dione bornane-2,3-dione chebi_ontology 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dione 2,3-bornanedione Camphorquinone bornane-2,3-dione camphoquinone camphor quinone camphoroquinone CHEBI:34607 bornane-2,3-dione 0 C10H14O2 VNQXSTWCDUXYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1S/C10H14O2/c1-9(2)6-4-5-10(9,3)8(12)7(6)11/h6H,4-5H2,1-3H3 166.22 166.09938 CC12CCC(C(=O)C1=O)C2(C)C cas:10373-78-1 cas cas:465-29-2 cas gmelin:482102 gmelin kegg.compound:C14515 kegg.compound lipidmaps:LMPR0102120030 lipidmaps pubmed:24430338 pubmed reaxys:1909463 reaxys 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dione IUPAC bornane-2,3-dione IUPAC 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dione iupac 2,3-bornanedione nist Camphorquinone kegg.compound bornane-2,3-dione iupac camphoquinone nist camphor quinone chemidplus camphoroquinone chemidplus Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic entities CHEBI:36357 polyatomic entity polyatomic entities chebi 2025-01-30T15:15:43Z CHEBI:30186 CHEBI:32311 cas:1314-13-2 drugcentral:4240 gmelin:13738 kegg.drug:D01170 ppdb:1321 wikipedia.en:Zinc_Oxide zinc oxide chebi_ontology Zinkoxid ZnO oxido de cinc oxyde de zinc zinc oxide CHEBI:36560 zinc oxide zinc oxide 0 OZn XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1S/O.Zn 81.389 79.92406 [O]=[Zn] cas:1314-13-2 cas drugcentral:4240 drugcentral gmelin:13738 gmelin kegg.drug:D01170 kegg.drug ppdb:1321 ppdb wikipedia.en:Zinc_Oxide wikipedia.en zinc oxide IUPAC Zinkoxid chebi ZnO iupac oxido de cinc chebi oxyde de zinc chebi zinc oxide iupac A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton. CHEBI:23058 CHEBI:3473 kegg.compound:C01373 Cation cation chebi_ontology Cation Kation Kationen cation cationes cations CHEBI:36916 cation kegg.compound:C01373 kegg.compound Cation KEGG_COMPOUND cation IUPAC Cation kegg.compound Kation chebi Kationen chebi cation chebi cation iupac cationes chebi cations chebi An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. pubmed:17586126 chebi_ontology organooxygen compound organooxygen compounds CHEBI:36963 organooxygen compound pubmed:17586126 pubmed organooxygen compound chebi organooxygen compounds chebi A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. chebi_ontology chemical compound heteroatomic molecular entities CHEBI:37577 heteroatomic molecular entity chemical compound chebi heteroatomic molecular entities chebi An aminotoluene in which the amino substituent is <em>para</em> to the methyl group. cas:106-49-0 pubmed:24285397 pubmed:24428433 reaxys:471281 4-methylaniline chebi_ontology 4-Aminotoluene 4-Methylbenzenamine 4-Toluidine 4-aminotoluene 4-methylaniline p-Methylbenzenamine p-Tolylamine CHEBI:37825 p-toluidine 0 C7H9N RZXMPPFPUUCRFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1S/C7H9N/c1-6-2-4-7(8)5-3-6/h2-5H,8H2,1H3 107.156 107.0735 Cc1ccc(N)cc1 cas:106-49-0 cas pubmed:24285397 pubmed pubmed:24428433 pubmed reaxys:471281 reaxys 4-methylaniline IUPAC 4-Aminotoluene chemidplus 4-Methylbenzenamine chebi 4-Toluidine chemidplus 4-aminotoluene uniprot_ft 4-methylaniline iupac p-Methylbenzenamine chemidplus p-Tolylamine chebi In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals'). wikipedia.en:Mineral chebi_ontology Minerale mineral minerales minerals mineraux CHEBI:46662 mineral wikipedia.en:Mineral wikipedia.en Minerale chebi mineral chebi minerales chebi minerals chebi mineraux chebi cas:14808-60-7 kegg.compound:C16459 chebi_ontology Quartz Quarz Tiefquarz alpha-quartz silicon oxide CHEBI:46727 quartz 0 O2Si 60.084 59.96676 cas:14808-60-7 cas kegg.compound:C16459 kegg.compound Quartz chemidplus Quartz kegg.compound Quarz chebi Tiefquarz chebi alpha-quartz chemidplus silicon oxide nist Silicate minerals that contain aluminium, silicon, and oxygen, together with other ions. They are a major component of clay minerals. wikipedia.en:Aluminosilicate chebi_ontology Alumosilikat Alumosilikate aluminosilicates aluminosilicato CHEBI:48730 aluminosilicate mineral wikipedia.en:Aluminosilicate wikipedia.en Alumosilikat chebi Alumosilikate chebi aluminosilicates chebi aluminosilicato chebi chebi_ontology Feldspat Feldspate feldespato feldespatos feldspar feldspars feldspath CHEBI:48733 feldspar Feldspat chebi Feldspate chebi feldespato chebi feldespatos chebi feldspar chebi feldspars chebi feldspath chebi A phenylpropanoid formally derived from guaiacol with an allyl chain substituted <em>para</em> to the hydroxy group. It is a major component of clove essential oil, and exhibits antibacterial, analgesic and antioxidant properties. It has been widely used in dentistry to treat toothache and pulpitis. bpdb:2008 cas:97-53-0 chemspider:13876103 drugcentral:4648 foodb.food:FDB012171 hmdb:HMDB0005809 kegg.compound:C10453 kegg.drug:D04117 knapsack:C00000619 lincs.smallmolecule:LSM-2720 metacyc.compound:CPD-6481 pdb-ccd:EOL pubmed:11033063 pubmed:11806158 pubmed:14745850 pubmed:15574415 pubmed:18218839 pubmed:20809147 pubmed:22075131 pubmed:22923067 pubmed:23181601 pubmed:23261812 pubmed:23264268 pubmed:2329164 pubmed:23313798 pubmed:23325490 pubmed:23422484 pubmed:23422489 pubmed:23444040 pubmed:23594212 pubmed:23666640 pubmed:23677922 pubmed:23707945 pubmed:23768603 pubmed:23768604 pubmed:23791894 pubmed:23837051 pubmed:23841789 pubmed:23852671 pubmed:28044068 pubmed:29079364 pubmed:32737935 pubmed:33291666 pubmed:33916044 pubmed:8596779 pubmed:9084914 reaxys:1366759 wikipedia.en:Eugenol 2-methoxy-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)phenol chebi_ontology 1,3,4-Eugenol 1-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-allylbenzene 1-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-prop-2-enylbenzene 1-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-propenylbenzene 1-allyl-3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzene 1-allyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzene 2-Hydroxy-5-allylanisole 2-Methoxy-1-hydroxy-4-allylbenzene 2-Methoxy-4-(2-propen-1-yl)phenol 2-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenol 2-Methoxy-4-allylphenol 2-Methoxy-4-prop-2-enylphenol 2-methoxy-4-(2-propen-1-yl)phenol 2-methoxy-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)phenol 2-methoxy-4-prop-2-enyl-phenol 4-Allyl-1-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzene 4-Allyl-2-methoxyphenol 4-Allylcatechol-2-methyl ether 4-Allylguaiacol 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-1-allylbenzene 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol Allylguaiacol Caryophyllic acid Eugenic acid Eugenol eugenol p-Allylguaiacol p-Eugenol CHEBI:4917 eugenol 0 C10H12O2 RRAFCDWBNXTKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1S/C10H12O2/c1-3-4-8-5-6-9(11)10(7-8)12-2/h3,5-7,11H,1,4H2,2H3 164.204 164.08373 C=CCc1ccc(O)c(OC)c1 bpdb:2008 bpdb cas:97-53-0 cas chemspider:13876103 chemspider drugcentral:4648 drugcentral foodb.food:FDB012171 foodb.food hmdb:HMDB0005809 hmdb kegg.compound:C10453 kegg.compound kegg.drug:D04117 kegg.drug knapsack:C00000619 knapsack lincs.smallmolecule:LSM-2720 lincs.smallmolecule metacyc.compound:CPD-6481 metacyc.compound pdb-ccd:EOL pdb-ccd pubmed:11033063 pubmed pubmed:11806158 pubmed pubmed:14745850 pubmed pubmed:15574415 pubmed pubmed:18218839 pubmed pubmed:20809147 pubmed pubmed:22075131 pubmed pubmed:22923067 pubmed pubmed:23181601 pubmed pubmed:23261812 pubmed pubmed:23264268 pubmed pubmed:2329164 pubmed pubmed:23313798 pubmed pubmed:23325490 pubmed pubmed:23422484 pubmed pubmed:23422489 pubmed pubmed:23444040 pubmed pubmed:23594212 pubmed pubmed:23666640 pubmed pubmed:23677922 pubmed pubmed:23707945 pubmed pubmed:23768603 pubmed pubmed:23768604 pubmed pubmed:23791894 pubmed pubmed:23837051 pubmed pubmed:23841789 pubmed pubmed:23852671 pubmed pubmed:28044068 pubmed pubmed:29079364 pubmed pubmed:32737935 pubmed pubmed:33291666 pubmed pubmed:33916044 pubmed pubmed:8596779 pubmed pubmed:9084914 pubmed reaxys:1366759 reaxys wikipedia.en:Eugenol wikipedia.en 2-methoxy-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)phenol IUPAC 1,3,4-Eugenol nist 1-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-allylbenzene chemidplus 1-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-prop-2-enylbenzene chemidplus 1-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-propenylbenzene chemidplus 1-allyl-3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzene chebi 1-allyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzene chebi 2-Hydroxy-5-allylanisole nist 2-Methoxy-1-hydroxy-4-allylbenzene chemidplus 2-Methoxy-4-(2-propen-1-yl)phenol chemidplus 2-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenol hmdb 2-Methoxy-4-allylphenol chemidplus 2-Methoxy-4-prop-2-enylphenol chemidplus 2-methoxy-4-(2-propen-1-yl)phenol chebi 2-methoxy-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)phenol iupac 2-methoxy-4-prop-2-enyl-phenol pdb-ccd 4-Allyl-1-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzene chemidplus 4-Allyl-2-methoxyphenol hmdb 4-Allylcatechol-2-methyl ether nist 4-Allylguaiacol chemidplus 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-1-allylbenzene chemidplus 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol iupac Allylguaiacol chemidplus Caryophyllic acid chemidplus Eugenic acid chemidplus Eugenol kegg.compound eugenol uniprot_ft p-Allylguaiacol chemidplus p-Eugenol chemidplus CHEBI:33383 CHEBI:49979 cas:18923-27-8 gmelin:16014 pdb-ccd:YB ytterbium(3+) ytterbium(3+) ion ytterbium(III) cation chebi_ontology YTTERBIUM (III) ION Yb(3+) ytterbium(3+) ytterbium(3+) ion ytterbium(III) cation ytterbium, ion(3+) CHEBI:49980 ytterbium(3+) 3 Yb AWSFICBXMUKWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1S/Yb/q+3 173.04 173.93722 [Yb+3] cas:18923-27-8 cas gmelin:16014 gmelin pdb-ccd:YB pdb-ccd ytterbium(3+) IUPAC ytterbium(3+) ion IUPAC ytterbium(III) cation IUPAC YTTERBIUM (III) ION pdb-ccd Yb(3+) iupac ytterbium(3+) iupac ytterbium(3+) ion iupac ytterbium(III) cation iupac ytterbium, ion(3+) chemidplus Any molecular entity that contains carbon. CHEBI:25700 CHEBI:33244 chebi_ontology organic compounds organic entity organic molecular entities CHEBI:50860 organic molecular entity organic compounds chebi organic entity chebi organic molecular entities chebi An acrylic macromolecule, composed of acrylic acid repeating units. beilstein:8187762 cas:9003-01-4 kegg.compound:C19501 kegg.drug:D03392 poly(1-carboxyethylene) chebi_ontology PAA Polyacrylsaeure Polyakrylsaeure poly(1-carboxyethylene) polyacrylic acid CHEBI:51133 poly(acrylic acid) macromolecule 0 (C3H4O2)n 72.063 72.02113 *CC(*)C(=O)O beilstein:8187762 beilstein cas:9003-01-4 cas kegg.compound:C19501 kegg.compound kegg.drug:D03392 kegg.drug poly(1-carboxyethylene) IUPAC PAA chebi Polyacrylsaeure chebi Polyakrylsaeure chebi poly(1-carboxyethylene) iupac polyacrylic acid chemidplus A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca<small>₅</small>(PO<small>₄</small>)<small>₃</small>F. cas:1306-05-4 chebi_ontology fluoroapatite CHEBI:52257 fluorapatite 0 Ca5FP3O12 504.303 503.67162 cas:1306-05-4 cas fluoroapatite chebi A tin oxide compound consisting of tin(IV) covalently bound to two oxygen atoms. cas:1317-45-9 cas:18282-10-5 gmelin:9355 tin dioxide tin(IV) oxide chebi_ontology Cassiterite Flowers of tin Stannic anhydride Stannic dioxide Stannic oxide Tin Oxide Tin Peroxide White tin oxide stannic oxide tin dioxide tin(IV) oxide CHEBI:52991 tin dioxide 0 O2Sn XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1S/2O.Sn 150.709 151.89202 [O]=[Sn]=[O] cas:1317-45-9 cas cas:18282-10-5 cas gmelin:9355 gmelin tin dioxide IUPAC tin(IV) oxide IUPAC Cassiterite chemidplus Flowers of tin chemidplus Stannic anhydride chemidplus Stannic dioxide chemidplus Stannic oxide chemidplus Tin Oxide chemidplus Tin Peroxide chemidplus White tin oxide chemidplus stannic oxide submitter tin dioxide iupac tin(IV) oxide iupac tin(IV) oxide submitter A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types. chebi_ontology Chemische Substanz CHEBI:59999 chemical substance Chemische Substanz chebi A mixture is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, at least two of which are of a different kind. chebi_ontology Mischung CHEBI:60004 mixture Mischung chebi Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. chebi_ontology organic compound organic compounds organic molecules CHEBI:72695 organic molecule organic compound chebi organic compounds chebi organic molecules chebi Any organic molecular entity that contains at least one C=C bond. chebi_ontology olefinic compounds CHEBI:78840 olefinic compound olefinic compounds chebi Any metal which causes the onset of an allergic reaction. chebi_ontology allergenic metal allergenic metals metal allergens CHEBI:88184 metal allergen allergenic metal chebi allergenic metals chebi metal allergens chebi A metal oxide with formula K<small>₂</small>O. cas:12136-45-7 reaxys:8129997 wikipedia.en:Potassium_oxide potassium oxide chebi_ontology K2O dipotassium monoxide dipotassium oxide potash potassium oxide potassium oxidopotassium CHEBI:88321 potassium oxide 0 2K.O CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1S/2K.O/q2*+1;-2 94.195 93.92233 [K+].[K+].[O-2] cas:12136-45-7 cas reaxys:8129997 reaxys wikipedia.en:Potassium_oxide wikipedia.en potassium oxide IUPAC K2O chebi dipotassium monoxide chemidplus dipotassium oxide nist potash chemidplus potassium oxide iupac potassium oxidopotassium iupac characteristic An exposure to chemical role. chemical role exposure exposure to chemical with chemical role A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to characteristic. characteristic exposure exposure to environmental quality An exposure to acid. acid exposure exposure to acids A behavioral response that includes overt action, cognitive response, verbal response, or physiological reaction in response to a situation or event, or internal process which evokes positive feelings, negative feelings, or surprise (i.e., emotional experiences). emotion process (EMRO) 2025-11-24T20:50:19Z emotion emotion process http://opendata.inrae.fr/PO2/Ontology/TransformON/c_5qTfIv http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GECKO_0000121 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C54266 http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000276 http://snomed.info/id/285854004 A cognitive process during which an organism is aware of something either internal or external to itself. phenomenal cognitive experience (EMRO) 2025-11-24T20:52:17Z phenomenal cognitive experience A cognitive process during which an organism is aware of something either internal or external to itself. https://dictionary.apa.org/consciousness A phenomenal cognitive experience evaluated as pleasant or unpleasant. emotional experience (EMRO) 2025-11-24T20:52:39Z emotional experience A phenomenal cognitive experience evaluated as pleasant or unpleasant. https://dictionary.apa.org/feeling An emotion process that is a response that occurs more distally in time or physical space with regard to threatening stimuli. Anxiety typically involves worrying about experiencing threats that could or will be experienced in the future. anxiety process (EMRO) 2025-11-24T20:56:47Z anxiousness social anxiety anxiety process http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D001007 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000739 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000028 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011918 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C26696 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0002401 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SYMP_0000412 http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000815 http://snomed.info/id/48694002 An emotion process that is an in-the-moment response to a perceived threat. Fear is typically associated with organized, robust visceral arousal. fear process (EMRO) 2025-11-24T20:57:08Z fear frightened threat cue threat sensitivity fear process http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005239 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000026 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C77960 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0006459 http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000837 http://snomed.info/id/1402001 A phenomenal cognitive experience produced by the parts of the nervous sysem involved in awareness of the external world (i.e., external stimulus) or changes to internal organs. A sensory experience does not necessarily entail the existence phenomenon experiences (e.g., hallucinations). sensory experience (EMRO) 2025-11-24T20:59:47Z sensory experience A phenomenal cognitive experience produced by the parts of the nervous sysem involved in awareness of the external world (i.e., external stimulus) or changes to internal organs. A sensory experience does not necessarily entail the existence phenomenon experiences (e.g., hallucinations). https://dictionary.apa.org/sensation A motor behavior that happens as a response to an emotion process. The motoric response includes muscle contractions that may move parts of the body or prevent the body from moving (e.g., freezing). motoric response to emotion (EMRO) 2025-11-24T21:02:42Z motoric response to emotion A psychophysiological process that is part of an emotion process. psychophysiological response to emotion (EMRO) 2025-11-24T21:10:13Z psychophysiological response to emotion Sweat screation that happens as a response to an emotion process. sweat secretion response to emotion (EMRO) 2025-11-24T22:22:47Z sweat secretion response to emotion Muscle contraction that happens as a response to an emotion process. muscle tension response to emotion (EMRO) 2025-11-24T22:36:17Z muscle tension response to emotion A heart process during which the rate at which the heart beats increases as a response to an emotion process. increased heart response to emotion (EMRO) 2025-11-24T22:39:24Z increased heart response to emotion A respiratory system process during which the rate at which an organism moves air in and out of its lungs increases as a response to an emotion process. increased breathing rate response to emotion (EMRO) 2025-11-24T22:44:09Z increased breathing rate response to emotion A cognitive process that happens as a response to an emotion process. cognitive response to emotion (EMRO) 2025-12-17T17:11:45Z cognitive response to emotion A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone that happens as a result of an emotion process. syncope response to emotion (EMRO) 2026-03-05T11:54:16Z fainting syncope fainting response to emotion vasovagal syncope syncope response to emotion A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone that happens as a result of an emotion process. Adapted from MeSH definition for syncope. See https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D013575 or http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/271594007. Muscle contraction that happens as a response to a fear process. muscle tension response to fear (EMRO) 2026-03-05T21:16:30Z muscle tension response to fear psychophysiological response to emotion that is part of a fear process. psychophysiological response to fear (EMRO) 2026-03-05T21:20:49Z psychophysiological response to fear psychophysiological response to emotion that is part of an anxiety process. psychophysiological response to anxiety (EMRO) 2026-03-05T21:21:09Z psychophysiological response to anxiety Muscle contraction that happens as a response to an anxiety process. muscle tension response to anxiety (EMRO) 2026-03-05T21:24:05Z muscle tension response to anxiety A cognitive process that happens as a response to fear process. cognitive response to fear (EMRO) 2026-03-05T21:26:16Z cognitive response to fear A cognitive process that happens as a response to an anxiety process. cognitive response to anxiety (EMRO) 2026-03-05T21:26:25Z cognitive response to anxiety Sweat screation that happens as a response to a fear process. sweat secretion response to fear (EMRO) 2026-03-05T21:31:28Z sweat secretion response to fear Sweat screation that happens as a response to an anxiety process. sweat secretion response to anxiety (EMRO) 2026-03-05T21:31:36Z sweat secretion response to anxiety A heart process during which the rate at which the heart beats increases as a response to a fear process. increased heart response to fear (EMRO) 2026-03-05T21:32:52Z increased heart response to fear A heart process during which the rate at which the heart beats increases as a response to an anxiety process. increased heart response to anxiety (EMRO) 2026-03-05T21:33:04Z increased heart response to anxiety A respiratory system process during which the rate at which an organism moves air in and out of its lungs increases as a response to a fear process. increased breathing rate response to fear (EMRO) 2026-03-05T21:34:20Z increased breathing rate response to fear A respiratory system process during which the rate at which an organism moves air in and out of its lungs increases as a response to an anxiety process. increased breathing rate response to anxiety (EMRO) 2026-03-05T21:34:30Z increased breathing rate response to anxiety A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone that happens as a result of a fear process. syncope response to fear (EMRO) 2026-03-05T21:42:51Z syncope response to fear A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone that happens as a result of a fear process. Adapted from MeSH definition for syncope. See https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D013575 or http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/271594007. A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone that happens as a result of an anxiety process. syncope response to anxiety (EMRO) 2026-03-05T21:43:01Z syncope response to anxiety A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone that happens as a result of an anxiety process. Adapted from MeSH definition for syncope. See https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D013575 or http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/271594007. A motor behavior that happens as a response to a fear process. motoric response to fear (EMRO) 2026-03-05T22:03:57Z motoric response to fear A motor behavior that happens as a response to an anxiety process. motoric response to anxiety (EMRO) 2026-03-05T22:04:12Z motoric response to anxiety A behavioral defense response in which an organism seeks to avoid an encounter with a potential external threat. avoidance behavior (EMRO) 2026-05-04T20:41:52Z avoidance behavior An emotional experience generated when events reflect on the worth or value of the self in one’s own or others’ eyes. self-conscious emotional experience (EMRO) 2026-05-04T20:44:41Z self-conscious emotional experience An emotional experience generated when events reflect on the worth or value of the self in one’s own or others’ eyes. https://dictionary.apa.org/self-conscious-emotion A self-conscious emotional experience in which a person feels awkward or flustered in other people’s company or because of the attention of others, as, for example, when being observed engaging in actions that are subject to mild disapproval from others. embarrassment (EMRO) 2026-05-04T20:47:27Z embarrassment http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000078385 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000054 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C62187 A self-conscious emotional experience in which a person feels awkward or flustered in other people’s company or because of the attention of others, as, for example, when being observed engaging in actions that are subject to mild disapproval from others. https://dictionary.apa.org/embarrassment A biome is an ecosystem to which resident ecological communities have evolved adaptations. EcoLexicon:biome LTER:173 major habitat type EcosytemType There has been some concern raised (see Issue #143) about the usefulness of the assertion that organisms have evolved within a given biome. They may have evolved adaptations elsewhere and demonstrating one or the other is often not feasible. Consider relabelling to "environmental system determined by an ecological community" or similar. biome A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. 2013-09-23T16:04:08Z EcoLexicon:environment environment In ENVO's alignment with the Basic Formal Ontology, this class is being considered as a subclass of a proposed BFO class "system". The relation "environed_by" is also under development. Roughly, a system which includes a material entity (at least partially) within its site and causally influences that entity may be considered to environ it. Following the completion of this alignment, this class' definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised. environmental system Silica-based glass is a glass composed primarily of silicon dioxide, the primary constituent of sand. glass Silica-based glasses are the most common manufactured variety of glass. silica-based glass An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components. This class will be primarily filled by inference, any environmental system which necessarily includes living parts should be autoclassified here. ecosystem An interaction between an exposure stressor and an exposure_receptor. cmattin 2010-09-21T02:47:00Z exposure_event ExO:0000002 exposure event An interaction between an exposure stressor and an exposure_receptor. CTD:curators An acute behavioral change resulting from a perceived external threat. behavioural fear response biological_process GO:0001662 behavioral fear response An acute behavioral change resulting from a perceived external threat. GOC:dph PMID:9920659 A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an perceived external threat to that organism. behavioural defense response biological_process GO:0002209 behavioral defense response A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an perceived external threat to that organism. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. Wikipedia:Immune_system biological_process GO:0002376 Note that this term is a direct child of 'biological_process ; GO:0008150' because some immune system processes are types of cellular process (GO:0009987), whereas others are types of multicellular organism process (GO:0032501). immune system process Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 An inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus, which can be include any number of T cell or B cell epitopes. biological_process GO:0002437 inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus An inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus, which can be include any number of T cell or B cell epitopes. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 An acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response. biological_process GO:0002438 acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus An acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 An inflammatory response to an exogenous environmental antigen or an endogenous antigen initiated by the adaptive immune system. Wikipedia:Hypersensitivity biological_process hypersensitivity response GO:0002524 hypersensitivity An inflammatory response to an exogenous environmental antigen or an endogenous antigen initiated by the adaptive immune system. GOC:jal ISBN:0781735149 hypersensitivity response ISBN:0781735149 Inflammation which comprises a rapid, short-lived, relatively uniform response to acute injury or antigenic challenge and is characterized by accumulations of fluid, plasma proteins, and granulocytic leukocytes. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response. biological_process GO:0002526 acute inflammatory response Inflammation which comprises a rapid, short-lived, relatively uniform response to acute injury or antigenic challenge and is characterized by accumulations of fluid, plasma proteins, and granulocytic leukocytes. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective. organ system process biological_process GO:0003008 system process A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective. GOC:mtg_cardio An organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers. biological_process muscle physiological process GO:0003012 muscle system process An organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers. GOC:mtg_cardio An organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an organ system that moves extracellular fluids to and from tissue within a multicellular organism. Wikipedia:Circulatory_system biological_process GO:0003013 circulatory system process An organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an organ system that moves extracellular fluids to and from tissue within a multicellular organism. GOC:mtg_cardio A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. biological_process cardiac process GO:0003015 heart process A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. GOC:mtg_cardio A process carried out by the organs or tissues of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is an organ system responsible for respiratory gaseous exchange. GO:0010802 respiratory gaseous exchange biological_process GO:0003016 respiratory system process A process carried out by the organs or tissues of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is an organ system responsible for respiratory gaseous exchange. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_cardio GOC:tb The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or a transporter complex, a pore or a motor protein. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/20292 jl 2012-12-13T16:25:32Z GO:0015457 GO:0015460 GO:0044765 Reactome:R-HSA-382551 biological_process single-organism transport GO:0006810 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term, for e.g. to transmembrane transport, to microtubule-based transport or to vesicle-mediated transport. transport The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or a transporter complex, a pore or a motor protein. GOC:dos GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah Reactome:R-HSA-382551 Transport of small molecules A process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Reactome:R-HSA-445355 Wikipedia:Muscle_contraction biological_process GO:0006936 muscle contraction A process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. GOC:ef GOC:mtg_muscle ISBN:0198506732 Reactome:R-HSA-445355 Smooth Muscle Contraction Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26810 biological_process response to abiotic stress response to biotic stress GO:0006950 response to stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). GOC:mah Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack. GO:0002217 GO:0042829 defence response physiological defense response biological_process antimicrobial peptide activity defense/immunity protein activity GO:0006952 defense response Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack. GOC:curators Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack. GOC:go_curators The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. inflammation Wikipedia:Inflammation biological_process GO:0006954 inflammatory response The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0198506732 Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. biological_process GO:0006955 immune response immune response Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 The process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms. breathing respiration biological_process GO:0007585 respiratory gaseous exchange by respiratory system The process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms. ISBN:0198506732 The controlled release of a fluid by a cell or tissue in an animal. biological_process GO:0007589 body fluid secretion The controlled release of a fluid by a cell or tissue in an animal. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. Reactome:R-HSA-9709957 Wikipedia:Perception biological_process GO:0007600 sensory perception The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. GOC:ai GOC:dph Reactome:R-HSA-9709957 Sensory Perception The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity. jl 2012-09-20T14:06:08Z GO:0023032 GO:0044708 GO:0044709 Wikipedia:Behavior behavioral response to stimulus behaviour behavioural response to stimulus biological_process single-organism behavior GO:0007610 1. Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation reviews. 2. While a broader definition of behavior encompassing plants and single cell organisms would be justified on the basis of some usage (see PMID:20160973 for discussion), GO uses a tight definition that limits behavior to animals and to responses involving the nervous system, excluding plant responses that GO classifies under development, and responses of unicellular organisms that has general classifications for covering the responses of cells in multicellular organisms (e.g. cell chemotaxis). behavior behavioral response to stimulus The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity. GOC:ems GOC:jl ISBN:0395448956 PMID:20160973 A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24968 jl 2012-09-19T15:05:24Z GO:0000004 GO:0007582 GO:0044699 Wikipedia:Biological_process biological process physiological process biological_process single organism process single-organism process GO:0008150 Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. biological_process A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. GOC:pdt The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. A painful stimulus is any physical or chemical event that has the potential to cause tissue damage (actual or perceived) and activates the nociceptive system. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/29807 Wikipedia:Nociception perception of physiological pain biological_process nociception GO:0019233 sensory perception of pain The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. A painful stimulus is any physical or chemical event that has the potential to cause tissue damage (actual or perceived) and activates the nociceptive system. GOC:curators Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/27189 jl 2012-09-19T16:07:47Z GO:0044707 GO:0050874 organismal physiological process biological_process single-multicellular organism process GO:0032501 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. multicellular organismal process Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function. GOC:curators GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete GOC:tb The controlled release of a substance by a tissue. tissue secretion biological_process expulsion of gland contents GO:0032941 secretion by tissue The controlled release of a substance by a tissue. GOC:mah expulsion of gland contents GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a multicellular organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). biological_process GO:0033555 multicellular organismal response to stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a multicellular organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). GOC:mah Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another. biological_process GO:0040011 locomotion Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another. GOC:dgh The response of an organism to a perceived external threat. GO:0001663 physiological fear response biological_process GO:0042596 fear response The response of an organism to a perceived external threat. GOC:go_curators The controlled release of a substance by a cell or a tissue. biological_process GO:0046903 secretion The controlled release of a substance by a cell or a tissue. GOC:ai An organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the neurological system. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13824 neurological system process neurophysiological process biological_process pan-neural process GO:0050877 nervous system process An organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the neurological system. GOC:ai GOC:mtg_cardio Any process that modulates the levels of body fluids. biological_process GO:0050878 regulation of body fluid levels Any process that modulates the levels of body fluids. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:tb The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory. Wikipedia:Cognition biological_process GO:0050890 cognition cognitive process The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory. ISBN:0721619908 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. GO:0051869 physiological response to stimulus biological_process GO:0050896 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. GOC:ai GOC:bf Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location. In the case of substances, localization may also be achieved via selective degradation. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/27052 jl 2013-12-18T13:51:04Z GO:1902578 establishment and maintenance of localization establishment and maintenance of position localisation establishment and maintenance of cellular component location establishment and maintenance of substance location establishment and maintenance of substrate location biological_process single organism localization single-organism localization GO:0051179 localization Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location. In the case of substances, localization may also be achieved via selective degradation. GOC:ai GOC:dos localisation GOC:mah single organism localization GOC:TermGenie Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24200 Gene Ontology: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/go.owl establishment of localisation biological_process GO:0051234 establishment of localization Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. GOC:ai GOC:dos establishment of localisation GOC:mah The specific neuromuscular movement of a single organism in response to external or internal stimuli. dph 2015-11-09T12:43:11Z biological_process GO:0061744 motor behavior The specific neuromuscular movement of a single organism in response to external or internal stimuli. GOC:PARL GOC:bf PMID:25318560 Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. regulation biological_process GO:0065007 biological regulation Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete GOC:mah GOC:pr GOC:vw Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/30599 regulation of biological attribute regulation of biological characteristic biological_process GO:0065008 regulation of biological quality Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc. GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete GOC:mah GOC:pr GOC:vw The regulated release of sweat from the sweat glands. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/30274. rynl 2025-05-19T20:55:14Z perspiration perspiring sweating biological_process GO:0160269 sweat secretion The regulated release of sweat from the sweat glands. PMID:1778649 objective specification In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction. A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved. 2009-03-16: original definition when imported from OBI read: "objective is an non realizable information entity which can serve as that proper part of a plan towards which the realization of the plan is directed." 2014-03-31: In the example of usage ("In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction") there is a protocol which is the ChIP assay protocol. In addition to being concretized on paper, the protocol can be concretized as a realizable entity, such as a plan that inheres in a person. The objective specification is the part that says that some protein and DNA interactions are identified. This is a specification of a process endpoint: the boundary in the process before which they are not identified and after which they are. During the realization of the plan, the goal is to get to the point of having the interactions, and participants in the realization of the plan try to do that. Answers the question, why did you do this experiment? PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Barry Smith PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Jennifer Fostel goal specification OBI Plan and Planned Process/Roles Branch OBI_0000217 objective specification Pour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2 A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take. Alan Ruttenberg OBI Plan and Planned Process branch action specification datum label A label is a symbol that is part of some other datum and is used to either partially define the denotation of that datum or to provide a means for identifying the datum as a member of the set of data with the same label http://www.golovchenko.org/cgi-bin/wnsearch?q=label#4n GROUP: IAO 9/22/11 BP: changed the rdfs:label for this class from 'label' to 'datum label' to convey that this class is not intended to cover all kinds of labels (stickers, radiolabels, etc.), and not even all kind of textual labels, but rather the kind of labels occuring in a datum. datum label data item Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries. An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. 2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers. 2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum. 2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym. 2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/ JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Chris Stoeckert PERSON: Jonathan Rees data data item symbol a serial number such as "12324X" a stop sign a written proper name such as "OBI" An information content entity that is a mark(s) or character(s) used as a conventional representation of another entity. 20091104, MC: this needs work and will most probably change 2014-03-31: We would like to have a deeper analysis of 'mark' and 'sign' in the future (see https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/154). PERSON: James A. Overton PERSON: Jonathan Rees based on Oxford English Dictionary symbol information content entity Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs. A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. 2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907). Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity. PERSON: Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000142 information content entity An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process. 2009-03-16: provenance: a term realizable information entity was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000337) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was "is the specification of a process that can be concretized and realized by an actor" with alternative term "instruction".It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term. 2013-05-30 Alan Ruttenberg: What differentiates a directive information entity from an information concretization is that it can have concretizations that are either qualities or realizable entities. The concretizations that are realizable entities are created when an individual chooses to take up the direction, i.e. has the intention to (try to) realize it. 8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Changed label from "information entity about a realizable" after discussions at ICBO Werner pushed back on calling it realizable information entity as it isn't realizable. However this name isn't right either. An example would be a recipe. The realizable entity would be a plan, but the information entity isn't about the plan, it, once concretized, *is* the plan. -Alan PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters directive information entity plan specification PMID: 18323827.Nat Med. 2008 Mar;14(3):226.New plan proposed to help resolve conflicting medical advice. A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts, and that may be concretized as a realizable entity that, if realized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified. 2009-03-16: provenance: a term a plan was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000344) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was " a plan is a specification of a process that is realized by an actor to achieve the objective specified as part of the plan". It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term. 2014-03-31: A plan specification can have other parts, such as conditional specifications. 2022-01-16 Updated definition to that proposed by Clint Dowloand, IAO Issue 231. Alternative previous definition: a plan is a set of instructions that specify how an objective should be achieved Alan Ruttenberg Clint Dowland OBI Plan and Planned Process branch OBI_0000344 2/3/2009 Comment from OBI review. Action specification not well enough specified. Conditional specification not well enough specified. Question whether all plan specifications have objective specifications. Request that IAO either clarify these or change definitions not to use them plan specification https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/231#issuecomment-1010455131 The sentence "The article has Pubmed ID 12345." contains a CRID that has two parts: one part is the CRID symbol, which is '12345'; the other part denotes the CRID registry, which is Pubmed. A symbol that is part of a CRID and that is sufficient to look up a record from the CRID's registry. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bill Hogan PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Melanie Courtot CRID symbol Original proposal from Bjoern, discussions at IAO calls centrally registered identifier symbol The sentence "The article has Pubmed ID 12345." contains a CRID that has two parts: one part is the CRID symbol, which is '12345'; the other part denotes the CRID registry, which is Pubmed. An information content entity that consists of a CRID symbol and additional information about the CRID registry to which it belongs. 2014-05-05: In defining this term we take no position on what the CRID denotes. In particular do not assume it denotes a *record* in the CRID registry (since the registry might not have 'records'). Alan, IAO call 20101124: potentially the CRID denotes the instance it was associated with during creation. Note, IAO call 20101124: URIs are not always CRID, as not centrally registered. We acknowledge that CRID is a subset of a larger identifier class, but this subset fulfills our current needs. OBI PURLs are CRID as they are registered with OCLC. UPCs (Universal Product Codes from AC Nielsen)are not CRID as they are not centrally registered. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bill Hogan PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Melanie Courtot CRID Original proposal from Bjoern, discussions at IAO calls centrally registered identifier identifier An information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity. Justin Whorton Mathias Brochhausen proper name https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/237 Mathias Brochhausen Sep 29, 2016: The current definition has been amended from the previous version: "A proper name is an information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity." to more accuratly reflect the necessary and sufficient condition on the class. (MB) identifier A disease whose physical basis is an infectious disorder. Albert Goldfain Alexander Diehl Lindsay Cowell tranmissible disease The disposition is realized in an infectious disease course. infectious disease A disposition to initiate processes that result in a disorder. Albert Goldfain Alexander Diehl Lindsay Cowell pathogenicity A pathogenic disposition is realized in processes that create a disorder. The use of 'initiates' is intended to convey that a pathogenic disposition is realized when processes resulting in a disorder begin because of some action on the part of the bearer of the disposition. By this interpretation of 'initiates', disorder-causing entities such as glass, UV light, and toxins do not have a pathogenic disposition. pathogenic disposition A pathogenic disposition that inheres in an organism and is a disposition for that organism (1) to be transmitted to a host, (2) to establish itself in the host, (3) to initiate processes that result in a disorder in the host, and (4) to become part of that disorder. Albert Goldfain Alexander Diehl Lindsay Cowell The disposition is realized in a process that has as part a transmission process, an establishment in host process, a process that results in a disorder, and a process in which the bearer of the disposition becomes part of that disorder. The infectious disposition has a complementary disposition that inheres in an organism and is the capability to be host to an organism with an infectious disposition and to undergo processes initiated by that infectious organism that result in a disorder. infectious disposition A disease course that is the realization of an infectious disease. Albert Goldfain Alexander Diehl Lindsay Cowell infectious disease course An infection that is clinically abnormal. Albert Goldfain Alexander Diehl Lindsay Cowell infectious disorder A material entity with a pathogenic disposition. Albert Goldfain Alexander Diehl Lindsay Cowell pathogen A part of an extended organism that itself has as part a population of one or more infectious agents and that (1) exists as a result of processes initiated by members of the infectious agent population and is (2) clinically abnormal in virtue of the presence of this infectious agent population, or (3) has a disposition to bring clinical abnormality to immunocompetent organisms of the same Species as the host (the organism corresponding to the extended organism) through transmission of a member or offspring of a member of the infectious agent population. Albert Goldfain Alexander Diehl Lindsay Cowell The organism corresponding to the extended organism is host to the infectious agents. By this definition, parts of the host can be considered part of the infection. infection An organism that has an infectious disposition. Albert Goldfain Alexander Diehl Lindsay Cowell infectious agent An establishment of localization process in which a material entity reaches a site in an organism in which it can survive, grow, multiply, or mature. Requested addition of this term to the GO. Albert Goldfain Alexander Diehl Lindsay Cowell An organism begins bearing a particular host role as soon as the extended organism contains the relevant material entity, regardless of that entity's location in the extended organism. An establishment process is any process by which the entity reaches a location in the extended organism in which it can persist and continue its lifecycle. For example, an organism is host to a virus as soon as any part of the extended organism is occupied by virus particles. During an establishment process, virus particles enter host cells of the relevant type, and viral DNA is integrated into host DNA. establishment of localization in host A process by which a disorder comes into existence. Albert Goldfain Alexander Diehl Lindsay Cowell appearance of disorder A mental process which is a) produced by a causal process involving a part of the environment of the organism, and b) is experienced by the organism as being so caused, and c) in which the relevant part of the environment is thereby represented to the organism. Examples for 'causal processes involving a part of the environment of an organism' that can be perceived are light rays and air vibrations. perception A bodily process that occurs in the brain, and that can of itself be conscious, or can give rise to a process that can of itself be conscious or can give rise to behaviour. A 'mental process' is a subclass of 'bodily process', as mental processes occur within the body, specifically involving the brain. A bodily process which brings into being, sustains or modifies a cognitive representation or a behavior inducing state. Examples include thinking, feeling pain, remembering and emotion as occurrent experiences. Mental processes can varying in the degree to which they involve consciousness. mental process GO:0050890, cognition, defined as `The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory.' Seeing (visual perception) is a mental process that is a) produced by a causal process involving light rays from a part of the environment of the subject being absorbed by photoreceptors in the retina, and b) is experienced by the subject as being so caused, and c) in which the relevant part of the environment is thereby represented to the subject act of seeing visual perception seeing Hearing (auditory perception) is a mental process that is a) produced by a causal process involving sound waves from a part of the environment of the subject being absorbed by detectors in the ear, and b) is experienced by the subject as being so caused, and c) in which the relevant part of the environment is thereby represented to the subject act of hearing auditory perception hearing Taste perception is a mental process which is a) produced by a causal process involving xenobiotic molecules from a part of the environment of the subject binding with specialized sensory cells in the tongue and nasal cavity, and b) is experienced by the subject as being so caused, and c) in which the relevant part of the environment is thereby represented to the subject act of tasting tasting Smelling (olfactory perception) is a mental process which is a) produced by a causal process involving xenobiotic molecules from a part of the environment of the subject binding with specialized sensory cells in the nasal cavity, and b) is experienced by the subject as being so caused, and c) in which the relevant part of the environment is thereby represented to the subject act of smelling olfactory perception smelling Touching (tactile perception) is a mental process which is a) produced by a causal process involving pressure on the organism’s skin from a part of the environment of the subject, and b) is experienced by the subject as being so caused, and c) in which the relevant part of the environment is thereby represented to the subject act of touching touching Import from NBO temp: mouth movement true human man Homo sapiens planned process Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. 'Plan' includes a future direction sense. That can be problematic if plans are changed during their execution. There are however implicit contingencies for protocols that an agent has in his mind that can be considered part of the plan, even if the agent didn't have them in mind before. Therefore, a planned process can diverge from what the agent would have said the plan was before executing it, by adjusting to problems encountered during execution (e.g. choosing another reagent with equivalent properties, if the originally planned one has run out.) We are only considering successfully completed planned processes. A plan may be modified, and details added during execution. For a given planned process, the associated realized plan specification is the one encompassing all changes made during execution. This means that all processes in which an agent acts towards achieving some objectives is a planned process. Bjoern Peters branch derived 6/11/9: Edited at workshop. Used to include: is initiated by an agent This class merges the previously separated objective driven process and planned process, as they the separation proved hard to maintain. (1/22/09, branch call) planned process processed material Examples include gel matrices, filter paper, parafilm and buffer solutions, mass spectrometer, tissue samples Is a material entity that is created or changed during material processing. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg processed material evaluant role When a specimen of blood is assayed for glucose concentration, the blood has the evaluant role. When measuring the mass of a mouse, the evaluant is the mouse. When measuring the time of DNA replication, the evaluant is the DNA. When measuring the intensity of light on a surface, the evaluant is the light source. a role that inheres in a material entity that is realized in an assay in which data is generated about the bearer of the evaluant role Role call - 17nov-08: JF and MC think an evaluant role is always specified input of a process. Even in the case where we have an assay taking blood as evaluant and outputting blood, the blood is not the specified output at the end of the assay (the concentration of glucose in the blood is) examples of features that could be described in an evaluant: quality.... e.g. "contains 10 pg/ml IL2", or "no glucose detected") GROUP: Role Branch OBI Feb 10, 2009. changes after discussion at OBI Consortium Workshop Feb 2-6, 2009. accepted as core term. evaluant role assay Assay the wavelength of light emitted by excited Neon atoms. Count of geese flying over a house. A planned process that has the objective to produce information about a material entity (the evaluant) by examining it. 12/3/12: BP: the reference to the 'physical examination' is included to point out that a prediction is not an assay, as that does not require physical examiniation. Discussion on OBI call 2023-05-01 resulted in an agreement to revise the textual definition of 'assay'. https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1683. PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch measuring scientific observation OBI branch derived study assay any method assay patient role a hospitalized person; a person with controlled diabetes; the patient's role http://www.fertilityjourney.com/testingAndDiagnosis/theRightDoctor/thePatientsRole/index.asp?C=55245395146924652778 a role which inheres in a person and is realized by the process of being under the care of a physician or health care provider See also OMRSE:00000011 'patient role' GROUP:Role Branch patient OBI, CDISC CDISC definition: patient. Person under a physician's care for a particular disease or condition. NOTE: A subject in a clinical trial is not necessarily a patient, but a patient in a clinical trial is a subject. See also subject, trial subject, healthy volunteer. Often used interchangeably patient role material processing A cell lysis, production of a cloning vector, creating a buffer. A planned process which results in physical changes in a specified input material PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Frank Gibson PERSON: Jennifer Fostel PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON: Philippe Rocca Serra material transformation OBI branch derived material processing organization PMID: 16353909.AAPS J. 2005 Sep 22;7(2):E274-80. Review. The joint food and agriculture organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives and its role in the evaluation of the safety of veterinary drug residues in foods. An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members. An organization is a continuant entity which can play roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members. BP: The definition summarizes long email discussions on the OBI developer, roles, biomaterial and denrie branches. It leaves open if an organization is a material entity or a dependent continuant, as no consensus was reached on that. The current placement as material is therefore temporary, in order to move forward with development. Here is the entire email summary, on which the definition is based: 1) there are organization_member_roles (president, treasurer, branch editor), with individual persons as bearers 2) there are organization_roles (employer, owner, vendor, patent holder) 3) an organization has a charter / rules / bylaws, which specify what roles there are, how they should be realized, and how to modify the charter/rules/bylaws themselves. It is debatable what the organization itself is (some kind of dependent continuant or an aggregate of people). This also determines who/what the bearer of organization_roles' are. My personal favorite is still to define organization as a kind of 'legal entity', but thinking it through leads to all kinds of questions that are clearly outside the scope of OBI. Interestingly enough, it does not seem to matter much where we place organization itself, as long as we can subclass it (University, Corporation, Government Agency, Hospital), instantiate it (Affymetrix, NCBI, NIH, ISO, W3C, University of Oklahoma), and have it play roles. This leads to my proposal: We define organization through the statements 1 - 3 above, but without an 'is a' statement for now. We can leave it in its current place in the is_a hierarchy (material entity) or move it up to 'continuant'. We leave further clarifications to BFO, and close this issue for now. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra PERSON: Susanna Sansone GROUP: OBI organization adding a material entity into a target Injecting a drug into a mouse. Adding IL-2 to a cell culture. Adding NaCl into water. is a process with the objective to place a material entity bearing the 'material to be added role' into a material bearing the 'target of material addition role'. Class was renamed from 'administering substance', as this is commonly used only for additions into organisms. BP branch derived adding a material entity into a target material to be added role drug added to a buffer contained in a tube; substance injected into an animal; A role of a material entity that is realized in an "adding a material entity into a target" process where the bearer of the role is added into another material entity (the target). Role Branch OBI 9 March 09 from discussion with PA branch material to be added role adding material objective creating a mouse infected with LCM virus is the specification of an objective to add a material into a target material. The adding is asymmetric in the sense that the target material largely retains its identity BP adding material objective assay objective the objective to determine the weight of a mouse. an objective specification to determine a specified type of information about an evaluated entity (the material entity bearing evaluant role) PPPB branch PPPB branch assay objective target of material addition role peritoneum of an animal receiving an interperitoneal injection; solution in a tube receiving additional material; location of absorbed material following a dermal application. A role of a material entity that is realized in an "adding a material entity into a target" process where the bearer of the role (the target) receives the addition of another material entity. From Branch discussion with BP, AR, MC -- there is a need for the recipient to interact with the administered material. for example, a tooth receiving a filling was not considered to be a target role. GROUP: Role Branch OBI target of material addition role material transformation objective The objective to create a mouse infected with LCM virus. The objective to create a defined solution of PBS. an objective specifiction that creates an specific output object from input materials. PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Frank Gibson PERSON: Jennifer Fostel PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra artifact creation objective GROUP: OBI PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch material transformation objective material combination Mixing two fluids. Adding salt into water. Injecting a mouse with PBS. is a material processing with the objective to combine two or more material entities as input into a single material entity as output. created at workshop as parent class for 'adding material into target', which is asymmetric, while combination encompasses all addition processes. bp bp material combination material combination objective is an objective to obtain an output material that contains several input materials. PPPB branch bp material combination objective material maintenance objective An objective specification maintains some or all of the qualities of a material over time. PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Bjoern Peters material maintenance objective A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. organism data transformation The application of a clustering protocol to microarray data or the application of a statistical testing method on a primary data set to determine a p-value. A planned process that produces output data from input data. Elisabetta Manduchi Helen Parkinson James Malone Melanie Courtot Philippe Rocca-Serra Richard Scheuermann Ryan Brinkman Tina Hernandez-Boussard data analysis data processing Branch editors data transformation autoimmune disease Is a disease characterized by an immune response of an organism against parts of itself IEDB IEDB autoimmune disease A representation that is either the output of a clinical history taking or a physical examination or an image finding, or some combination thereof. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2010-07-19T10:18:02Z clinical finding A series of statements representing health-relevant qualities of a patient and of a patient's family. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2010-07-19T10:18:59Z clinical history A representation of clinically significant bodily components, dispositions, and/or bodily processes of a human being that is inferred from relevant clinical findings. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2010-07-19T10:20:20Z clinical picture A representation of an image that supports an inference to an assertion about some quality of a patient. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T10:21:10Z image finding A representation of a quality of a specimen that is the output of a laboratory test and that can support an inference to an assertion about some quality of the patient. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T10:21:58Z laboratory finding A representation of a quality of a patient that is (1) recorded by a clinician because the quality is hypothesized to be of clinical significance and (2) refers to qualities obtaining in the patient prior to their becoming detectable in a clinical history taking or physical examination. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T10:22:44Z preclinical finding A quality of a patient that is (a) a deviation from clinical normality that exists in virtue of the realization of a disease and (b) is observable. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:12:33Z manifestation of a disease A (combination of) quality(ies) of an organism determined by the interaction of its genetic make-up and environment that differentiates specific instances of a species from other instances of the same species. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2010-07-19T11:13:49Z phenotype true A manifestation of a disease that is detectable in a clinical history taking or physical examination. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:15:43Z clinical manifestation of a disease A manifestation of a disease that exists prior to the time at which it would be detected in a clinical history taking or physical examination, if the patient were to present to a clinician. A realization of a disease that exists prior to its becoming detectable in a clinical history taking or physical examination. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:16:50Z preclinical manifestation of a disease A clinically abnormal phenotype. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:18:05Z clinical phenotype A clinically abnormal phenotype that is characteristic of a single disease. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:18:39Z disease phenotype A physical sign in which a non-zero value is standardly considered to be an indication that the organism is alive. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:19:17Z vital sign A disposition in an organism that constitutes an increased risk of the organism's subsequently developing the disease X. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:20:25Z predisposition to disease of type X disease A disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:21:20Z disease Albert Goldfain creation date: 2009-06-23T11:22:01Z homeostasis A predisposition to disease of type X whose physical basis is a constitutional abnormality in an organism's genome. This abnormality is the physical basis for the increased risk of acquiring the disease X. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:23:07Z genetic predisposition to disease of type X A disease whose physical basis is an acquired genetic disorder. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:24:05Z acquired genetic disease A disease whose physical basis is a constitutional genetic disorder. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:24:59Z constitutional genetic disease Homeostasis that is clinically abnormal for an organism of a given type and age in a given environment. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:26:44Z abnormal homeostasis Homeostasis of a type that is not clinically abnormal. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:27:28Z normal homeostasis A quality which is an spatial arrangement or distribution of a(n) independent continuant(s) across a Three Dimensional Region. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:36:24Z configuration A configuration which deviates in some way from a canonical configuration for a particular organism. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:36:58Z pathological physical configuration A material entity which is clinically abnormal and part of an extended organism. Disorders are the physical basis of disease. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:39:44Z disorder A disorder whose etiology involves (1) a modification to the patient's genomic DNA which leads to alterations in the normal expression pattern of the genome, but is (2) not a change in the nucleotide sequence. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:40:27Z epigenetic disorder A disorder whose etiology involves an abnormality in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's genome. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:41:14Z genetic disorder A genetic disorder acquired by a single cell in an organism that leads to a population of cells within the organism bearing the disorder. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:43:09Z acquired genetic disorder A genetic disorder inherited during conception that is part of all cells in the organism. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:43:44Z constitutional genetic disorder A health care process in which a clinician elicits a description of previous sign and symptoms of disease from a patient or from a third party who is reporting on behalf of the patient. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:49:16Z clinical history taking A measurement assay that has as input a patient-derived specimen and as output a data item that is about a quality of the specimen. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:49:49Z clinical laboratory test A sequence of acts of observing and measuring qualities of a patient performed by a clinician; measurements may occur with and without elicitation. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2010-07-19T11:50:18Z physical examination A process in an organism that leads to a subsequent disorder. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:53:07Z etiological process A process in which at least one bodily component of an organsim participates. Albert Goldfain http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/1/10 creation date: 2009-06-23T11:53:49Z From OGMS: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000060 bodily process A bodily process that is clinically abnormal. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:54:29Z pathological bodily process The totality of all processes through which a given disease instance is realized. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:55:44Z disease course A disease course that (a) does not terminate in a return to normal homeostasis and (b) would, absent intervention, fall within abnormal homeostatic range. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:56:26Z 10212020 for definition use: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001863 chronic disease course A disease course that (a) does not terminate in a return to normal homeostasis and (b) would, absent intervention, involve an increasing deviation from homeostasis. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:57:09Z progressive disease course A disease course that terminates in a return to normal homeostasis. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:57:44Z transient disease course Albert Goldfain creation date: 2009-06-23T11:58:22Z _undefined primitive term Albert Goldfain creation date: 2009-06-23T11:59:24Z clinically abnormal Albert Goldfain creation date: 2009-06-23T12:00:09Z physical basis Albert Goldfain creation date: 2009-06-23T12:00:39Z realization The representation of a conclusion of a diagnostic process. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T12:42:23Z diagnosis A value for a quality reported in a lab report and asserted by the testing lab or the kit manufacturer to be normal based on a statistical treatment of values from a reference population. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-26T10:31:34Z normal value TODO: Define, relate to disorder, and place in the OGMS hierarchy. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bio/ISMB/ISMB_Bio-ontologies.pdf creation date: 2009-07-13T02:14:59Z pathological formation An anatomical structure (FMA) is pathological whenever (1) it has come into being as a result of changes in some pre-existing canonical anatomical structure, (2) through processes other than the expression of the normal complement of genes of an organism of the given type, and (3) is predisposed to have health-related consequences for the organism in question manifested by symptoms and signs. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bio/ISMB/ISMB_Bio-ontologies.pdf creation date: 2009-07-13T02:14:05Z pathological anatomical structure TODO: Define, relate to disorder, and place in the OGMS hierarchy. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bio/ISMB/ISMB_Bio-ontologies.pdf creation date: 2009-07-13T02:15:17Z portion of pathological body substance A pathological bodily process in which a canonical anatomical structure becomes a pathological anatomical structure. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bio/ISMB/ISMB_Bio-ontologies.pdf creation date: 2009-07-13T02:17:07Z pathological transformation A pathological bodily process in which matter is reorganized in such a way as to give rise to new pathological formations which take the place of entities existing earlier. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bio/ISMB/ISMB_Bio-ontologies.pdf creation date: 2009-07-13T02:17:24Z pathological derivation TODO: Define. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bio/ISMB/ISMB_Bio-ontologies.pdf creation date: 2009-07-13T02:17:47Z pathological invasion TODO: Define. Albert Goldfain http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail?id=26 creation date: 2009-11-24T04:51:11Z physical examination finding An aggregate of organisms of the same type. Albert Goldfain http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail?id=33 creation date: 2009-11-24T04:51:11Z organism population A pattern of signs and symptoms that typically co-occur. Albert Goldfain http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail?id=32 creation date: 2009-11-24T04:51:11Z syndrome An object aggregate consisting of an organism and all material entities located within the organism, overlapping the organism, or occupying sites formed in part by the organism. Albert Goldfain http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail?id=3 creation date: 2010-01-25T04:51:11Z extended organism A communication from a patient about something they perceive as being abnormal about their body or life. Albert Goldfain http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail?id=12 creation date: 2010-01-25T04:51:11Z patient symptom report A structurally anomalous part of an organism acquired during fetal development and present at birth (but not necessarily hereditary) which is hypothesized to be harmful for the organism. Albert Goldfain congenital malformation http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail?id=28 creation date: 2010-03-31T04:51:11Z congenital disorder A planned process whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to eliminate, prevent, or alleviate a disorder, the signs and symptoms of a disorder, or a pathological process Albert Goldfain http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail?id=35 creation date: 2010-03-31T04:51:11Z treatment A processual entity during which a patient participating in a disease course gradually returns to participating in a canonical life course. Albert Goldfain http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail?id=35 creation date: 2010-03-31T04:51:11Z convalescence A process which has as parts all the processes in which a given organism is participant. Albert Goldfain Richard Scheuermann Sagar Jain http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail?id=38 creation date: 2010-03-31T04:51:11Z EDIT: 10 NOV 2015 life course A hypothesis about some future part of a disease course. Albert Goldfain http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail?id=35 creation date: 2010-03-31T12:42:23Z prognosis A disease course with an acute onset Albert Goldfain http://code.google.com/p/ogms/wiki/Meeting_notes_20100513 creation date: 2010-07-19T11:57:44Z 10212020 for definition use http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000389 acute disease course A bodily process caused by some disorder that results in recruitment of leukocytes into a localized tissue site, typically causing localized pain and swelling. Albert Goldfain Richard Scheuermann Sagar Jain http://code.google.com/p/ogms/wiki/Meeting_notes_20100513 creation date: 2010-07-19T11:57:44Z Updated: 10 NOV 2015 inflammatory process A planned process with the objective to improve the health status of a patient that directly involves the treatment, diagnosis, or prevention of disease or injury of a patient Albert Goldfain Sagar Jain http://groups.google.com/group/ogms-discuss/browse_thread/thread/a2dbc2ed1dff99d6 creation date: 2011-02-21T09:57:44Z editor date: 2017-04-18 health care process A temporally-connected health care process that has as participants an organization or person realizing the health care provider role and a person realizing the patient role. The health care provider role and patient are realized during the health care encounter Albert Goldfain http://groups.google.com/group/ogms-discuss/browse_thread/thread/a2dbc2ed1dff99d6 creation date: 2011-02-21T09:57:44Z health care encounter TODO Albert Goldfain http://groups.google.com/group/ogms-discuss/browse_thread/thread/a2dbc2ed1dff99d6 creation date: 2011-02-21T09:57:44Z 09/16/2020 Is this same as admission? Is this the same as inpatient encounter? hospitalization TODO Albert Goldfain http://groups.google.com/group/ogms-discuss/browse_thread/thread/a2dbc2ed1dff99d6 creation date: 2011-02-21T09:57:44Z outpatient encounter A health care encounter involving a patient who has been admitted to a health care facility and remains in a hospital facility for at least one night. Albert Goldfain http://groups.google.com/group/ogms-discuss/browse_thread/thread/a2dbc2ed1dff99d6 creation date: 2011-02-21T09:57:44Z inpatient encounter A health care encounter in which care is provided for undifferentiated and unscheduled patients with illnesses or injuries requiring immediate medical attention. Albert Goldfain http://groups.google.com/group/ogms-discuss/browse_thread/thread/a2dbc2ed1dff99d6 creation date: 2011-02-21T09:57:44Z emergency department encounter A disorder that involves some structural damage that is immediately caused by a catastrophic external force. At the scale of organism (as opposed to the cellular scale or the population scale), an injury is typically the result of a catastrophic event. Consider the implications of making 'injury' a subtype of 'disorder'. Note: Adopted subtype of disorder, and injury can occur at the scale of organism down to cellular level. Albert Goldfain Sagar Jain http://groups.google.com/group/ogms-discuss/browse_thread/thread/ca0ad373f27774c5 OGMS call adoption- 16 SEPT 2015 https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iiV1-fTS7BUUSzDw3N_Afx42698YWf54-FOTY2NkAxo/edit creation date: 2011-09-20T09:57:44Z edited date: 30 SEPT 2015 injury A planned process whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to reduce the risk of developing a disorder or the signs and symptoms of a disorder. Whether or not 'prophylaxis' and 'treatment' classes are disjoint is an open question. Albert Goldfain http://groups.google.com/group/ogms-discuss/browse_thread/thread/e42bde79218ee34e creation date: 2011-09-20T09:57:44Z disease prophylaxis A health care process that involves the interpretation of a clinical picture from a given patient (input) and the assertion to the effect that the patient has a disease, disorder, or syndrome of a certain type, or none of these (output). Albert Goldfain http://groups.google.com/group/ogms-discuss/browse_thread/thread/2a7008f311fac766/e7de486c94dfd82e creation date: 2011-09-20T09:57:44Z diagnostic process A health care process with the objective to produce information about the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies. creation: 16MAY2017 Sagar Jain health care process assay A data item that is about a patient and is the specified output of a health care process assay or diagnostic process creation date: 2018-11-27 clinical data item An abnormal material entity that is part of a patient and hypothesized to be clinically relevant. Example: an abnormal growth, an inflammatory infiltrate, swollen tissue, distension physical sign A processed material that bears a dental restoration material role. restoration material dental restoration material A metal dental restoration material that consists of alloy that is formed by reacting mercury with silver, copper, tin and sometimes palladium, zinc and other elements to improve handling characteristics and clinical performance. Titus Schleyer 1/14/2014: updated definition Color depends on which metal is in the alloy at what % (e.g. if copper is more, amalgam become blackish). amalgam dental restoration material A metal dental restoration material that consists of alloy that is formed by reacting mercury with silver, copper, tin and sometimes palladium, zinc and other elements to improve handling characteristics and clinical performance. ISBN: 978-1-4377-2418-9 A healthcare encounter that realizes a dental patient role in which the patient undergoes a diagnostic or therapeutic process. A healthcare encounter that realizes a dental patient role in which the patient undergoes a diagnostic or therapeutic process. Bill Duncan 5/12/2015: Changed "A specific healthcare activity" to "A health care encounter in which" Titus Schleyer 1/14/14: adapted definition slightly PERSON:Pedro Cott dental procedure A dental procedure that is performed on the pulp chamber and/or root canal of a tooth, or a part thereof. Titus Schleyer 1/14/2014: adapted definition PERSON:Pedro Cott endodontic procedure true A dental procedure in which either a whole tooth or a part of a tooth is replaced by dental restoration material in order to reestablish the tooth's anatomical and functional form and function. A dental procedure in which either a whole tooth or a part of a tooth is replaced by dental restoration material in order to reestablish the tooth's anatomical and functional form and function. Bill Duncan 12/16/2014: Updated definition. Original defintion: A dental procedure in which a part of a tooth that has been lost due to disease, trauma or other causes is replaced by dental restoration material in order to reestablish the tooth's anatomical form and function. A tooth restoration procedure achieves some tooth restoration objective specification. 1. Added "either a whole tooth or part of a tooth", since implants and pontics are also restoration procedures. 2. Removed "that has been lost due to disease, trauma or other causes". This is information about why a restoration procedure may be performed, not necessarily what such a procedure is. Bill Duncan: Removed axiom for tooth restoration procedure that has specified output some "has_part some (Tooth and ('has role' some 'tooth to be restored role'))". My reasons for doing this are: 1) the 'has role' axiom looks wrong. The restoration process realizes the role, but it sounds odd for the process to output the role. 2) Since the tooth restoration process outputs a restored tooth, a restored tooth by definition/axiom has part some (tooth and dental restoration material). Mosby's Dental Dictionary 2nd ed Titus Schleyer 3/14/2014: slightly edited definition PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Pedro Cott tooth restoration procedure A series of steps followed in a regular, orderly, definite way, performed by a physician, dentist or surgeon by manual operation. Titus Schleyer 3/4/2014: adapted definition PERSON:Pedro Cott Mosby's Dental Dictionary 2nd ed surgical procedure A tooth restoration procedure in which a dental restoration material is placed into a site that is located in the crown of the tooth. Titus Schleyer 1/14/2014: updated definition PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg filling restoration intracoronal restoration procedure A target of material addition role that inheres in a tooth and is realized by a tooth restoration procedure during which the tooth bearing the role is restored to health. tooth to be restored role A tooth to be restored role that is realized by an intracoronal restoration procedure tooth to be filled role An outpatient encounter during which a dental health care professional and a patient meet for the purpose of evaluating, treating disorders of, or preventing deterioration of the patient's oral health. Titus Schleyer 1/14/14: adapted definition PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg Adapted from Mosby's Dental Dictionary dental visit A clinical finding is a specified output of a dental exam and is about the oral cavity, maxillofacial area, and/or the adjacent and associated structures, or their parts, or pathological anatomical entities derived from them. The finding has a part that is about when the exam that led to the finding occured well as other data items specifying the nature of the finding. Alan Ruttenberg 4/12/2012: First version of adapted definition by Bill: A dental observation regarding (or about) the evaluation, diagnosis, and/or treatment (nonsurgical, surgical, or related procedures) of diseases, disorders, and/or conditions of the oral cavity, maxillofacial area, and/or the adjacent and associated structures and their impact on the body; provided by dental professionals, within the scope of his/her education, training , and experience, in accordance with the ethics of the profession and applicable law Alan Ruttenberg 4/12/2012: The part of the finding that is specification of the time when it was created, is currently represented using the data property 'occurence date'. Titus Schleyer1/14/2014: made a minor modification to the definition. This particular definition brings up the issue of language. This one is written in a very "ontology-compliant" way ("... specified output of ..."). The question is to what degree this would be understandable to the layman. Person:Alan Ruttenberg Adapted from Mosby's definition of dentistry: The evaluation, diagnosis, and/or treatment (nonsurgical, surgical, or related procedures) of diseases, disorders, and/or conditions of the oral cavity, maxillofacial area, and/or the adjacent and associated structures and their impact on the body; provided by dental professionals, within the scope of his/her education, training, and experience, in accordance with the ethics of the profession and applicable law. (Mosby. Mosby's Dental Dictionary, 2nd Edition. Mosby, 102007. p. 173). replace tooth in logical def with dentition or mouth when it's been imported. dental finding A diagnostic process in which a physician engages in a medical evaluation of teeth, gums, and other structures closely related to mastication. should use obi class with modifications to not include restriction that has specified output is a diagnosis, and/or subclass the obi class Should use obi class with modifications to not include restriction that has specified output is a diagnosis, and/or subclass the obi class. performing a dental clinical assessment A Homo sapiens that bears some dental patient role. Bill Duncan human dental patient An organization that is focused on maintaining and improving the oral health of a population. Titus Schleyer 1/14/14: adapted definition PERSON: Bill Duncan dental healthcare organization A dental health care provider role that inheres in a person who is a licensed dental professional that specializes in preventative care. Bill Duncan 09/30/2015: Professional prophylaxis, radiographs, sealants, and nonsurgical periodontal therapy are among the procedures performed by a hygienist. Most are licensed to administer local anesthesia, depending on applicable regulations in their area. They usually work for a dentist in a dental office or clinic under a form of supervision. In some locations hygienists are allowed to practice without a dentist's supervision. Mosby. Mosby's Dental Dictionary, 2nd Edition. Mosby, 2008. VitalBook file. p. 325. dental hygienist role A dental health care provider role that inheres in a person who is qualified by training and licensed by a state or region to diagnose and treat abnormalities of the teeth, gums, and underlying bone, including conditions caused by disease, trauma, and heredity. Mosby. Mosby's Dental Dictionary, 2nd Edition. Mosby, 2008. VitalBook file. p. 173. dentist role A dental health care provider that bears a dentist role. Bill Duncan dentist A conversational, visual and tactile examination in which the clinician evaluates the status of the patient's medical, dental and oral health. Melissa Haendel 4/12/2012: There can be more than one dental exam that occurs during a dental visit. Titus Schleyer 1/1/2014: original definition was too narrow, now expanded Mellisa Haendel Person:Alan Ruttenberg dental exam A dental health care provider that bears a dental hygienist role. Bill Duncan dental hygienist A tooth disorder that affects a tooth that includes both the infectious organisms, the material they generate from the tooth, any immune effectors that are a response to the presence of the disorder and the physical changes to the tooth (i.e., demineralization or a cavity) resulting from the disorder. It is the physical basis for the disease "dental caries." Titus Schleyer 1/14/2014: updated definition Titus Schleyer is caries a material entity or a quality? carious tooth lesion An inlay restoration procedure that uses metal to restore the tooth. metallic inlay restoration metallic inlay restoration procedure true A dental finding that a tooth has been restored. 2022-12-06T01:37:27Z restored tooth finding A dental finding that indicates a carious lesion of a tooth Titus Schleyer 1/14/2014: How about this as an alternative definition: "A dental finding that indicates a carious lesion of a tooth"? caries finding A dental exam which includes a complete examination of hard tissues, specifically the teeth. It is performed tooth by tooth and documents aspects such as whether the tooth is missing or not, and its condition. A tooth is typically considered healthy if it is in a virgin state, or has one or more restorations that restore it to full morphology and function. Pathological conditions may include carious lesions, fractures, defective restorations, excessive wear and malpositions. Titus Schleyer 1/14/14: essentially rewrote definition and removed outdated citation to source Person:Alan Ruttenberg hard tissue exam 1 A dental finding that notes the absence of a tooth that is canonically found, as identified by the universal tooth number. The criteria for determing that a tooth is missing includes its absence in a visual exam, a radiographic exam or both. Thus, an unerrupted tooth seen in a radiograph is not considered missing. Bill Duncan 4/12/2012: To think about: There are two cases at least - one where the tooth was never formed in the mouth and the other where the tooth was lost through some process. Presently we do not distinquish between these cases. Bill Duncan 5/14/2012: Our criteria for determing that a tooth is missing is stronger than the clinical criterion. Clinically, a tooth is missing if it is not visible in the oral cavity, in which case an unerrupted tooth is considered missing. However, we include the added criterion that the tooth must also not be present in a radiograph. Thus, if such an exam reveals the presence of such a tooth, the tooth is not considered to be missing. Bill Duncan 5/14/2012: We have added the necessary condtion that a missing tooth finding is about 'exactly 1 Secondary Dentition'. Titus Schleyer 1/14/2014: This might be a minor point, but clinically the two cases of "tooth missing on visual clinical inspection" and "tooth missing on visual clinical inspection AND on radiograph" might often be conflated in clinical documentation. For instance, if a practitioner does not obtain radiographs, she cannot really find the "ground truth." to think about the proper logical definition: probably there is lacks_part to be fixed missing tooth finding A tooth restoration procedure in which a thin layer of material (i.e., a veneer) is placed over one or more surfaces of the tooth either to improve the aesthetics of the tooth or to protect the tooth's surface from damage Adapted from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneer_%28dentistry%29 veneer restoration procedure A missing tooth finding in which tooth 14 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 14 finding A calcareous tooth with a split or break in the enamel and/or dentin and/or cementum. fractured tooth A calcareous tooth with a split or break in the enamel and/or dentin and/or cementum. https://www.aae.org/specialty/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/12/ecfe-2022-edition-FINAL.pdf A dental finding that is about some fractured tooth. fractured tooth finding An infectious disease realized in a disease course during which a carious lesion develops in a tooth, resulting in demineralization, loss of tooth structure/appearance of a cavity or other structural damage to the tooth. Alan Ruttenberg 4/12/2012: We need to hook up the disease with the material basis, and possible a representation of the disease course. However we don't have the 'has material basis' relation yet, and its not clear that it is useful to represent the disease course. Bill Duncan 6/26/2015: The old uri was DOID_216. I assume this class is intended to be an import from the disease ontology. The uri was changed for backward compatabilty in the r21 study. Titus Schleyer 3/4/2014: definition updated. dental caries A dental exam which focuses on soft tissue in and near the mouth. Alan Ruttenberg soft tissue exam A tooth restoration procedure whereby an artificial crown replaces all or part of the natural dental crown. Titus Schleyer 1/14/2014: adapted definition crown restoration procedure A metal dental restoration material in which the principal ingredient is gold. Bill Duncan 12/11/2014: updated defintion Titus Schleyer 3/13/2014: slightly updated definition gold foil dental restoration material obsolete porcelain dental restoration material true A dental restoration material that is primarily composed of highly cross-linked organic polymeric matrix reinforced by filler particles and/or short fibers bound to the matrix by coupling agents and set by light and or chemically activated polymerization reaction. Titus Schleyer 3/13/2014: updated definition Bill D. 08-04-2023: Not all resins are tooth colored. Some are cream colored. Also, updated definition source Craig's restorative Dental Material. resin-based composite dental restoration material A dental restoration material that is primarily composed of highly cross-linked organic polymeric matrix reinforced by filler particles and/or short fibers bound to the matrix by coupling agents and set by light and or chemically activated polymerization reaction. Craig's restorative Dental Material ISBN:0323478212 A material combination in which a moldable restorative material is placed directly into or on the tooth. The material then hardens and becomes (essentially) part of the tooth. Bill Duncan 12/11/2014: Moved from this class from being a subtype of tooth restoration procedure to being a subclass of material combination. Titus Schleyer 1/1/2014: made definition clearer Bill Duncan direct dental material insertion process A material combination in which a rigid piece of restoration material is attached to a tooth. The restoration is attached to the tooth by mechanical forces or some form of cement or glue. Bill Duncan 12/11/2014: Moved from this class from being a subtype of tooth restoration procedure to being a subclass of material combination. Bill Duncan 12/16/2014: Updated definition. Original definition: A material combination in which a rigid restoration, such as a gold inlay, is attached to a tooth. The restoration is attached to the tooth by some form of cement or glue. 1. Removed "such as a gold inlay". 2. Added that the material may be held in place by mechanical forces Titus Schleyer 1/14/2014: made the definition consistent with that of direct restoration Bill Duncan dental material tooth attachment process An intracoronal restoration procedure that uses gold foil to restore the tooth. gold filling restoration gold foil intracoronal restoration procedure gold filling restoration procedure true A 3/4 crown restoration procedure that uses noble metal to restore the tooth. 3/4 noble metal crown restoration procedure true An intracoronal restoration procedure that uses amalgam to restore the tooth. amalgam filling restoration amalgam intracoronal restoration procedure amalgam filling restoration procedure true An intracoronal restoration procedure that uses resin to restore the tooth. resin filling restoration resin intracoronal restoration procedure resin filling restoration procedure true A disposition of the tooth that is realized in an experience of pain derived from exposed dentin. A disposition of the tooth that is realized in an experience of pain derived from exposed dentin. 2024-06-21T14:26:11Z dentin hypersensitivity A disposition of the tooth that is realized in an experience of pain derived from exposed dentin. PMID:24724135 A disposition of the tooth that is realized in an experience of pain derived from exposed dentin. PMID:24724135 A dental procedure that consists of series of steps followed in a regular, orderly, definite way, performed by a dentist or dental surgeon by manual operation on some part of the mouth. Titus Schleyer 1/14/14:checked definition, adapted it slightly Mosby's Dental Dictionary 2nd ed surgical dental procedure A veneer restoration procedure that uses resin laminate to restore the tooth. resin laminate veneer restoration resin laminate veneer restoration procedure A veneer restoration procedure that uses porcelain laminate to restore the tooth. porcelain laminate veneer restoration porcelain laminate veneer restoration procedure A tooth to be restored role that is realized by a veneer restoration procedure tooth to undergo veneer procedure role A dental restoration material that consists mostly of metal and metal alloys. Use CHEBI:33521 'metal ion' in a complete definition. Figure out how to say "mostly" first, however. metal dental restoration material A human dental patient that bears a female gender role. Bill Duncan female dental patient A health care provider that bears a dental health care provider role. Bill Duncan dental healthcare provider A health care provider role that inheres in a person who is licensed to provide dental health care. dental healthcare provider role A human dental patient that bears a male gender role. Bill Duncan male dental patient A tooth to be restored role that is realized by a crown restoration procedure tooth to be crowned role A role that inheres in a tooth and is realized by a tooth extraction procedure during which the tooth bearing the role is extracted. tooth to be extracted role A surgical dental procedure that removes a tooth from the oral cavity. Titus Schleyer 1/14/2014: I think the instrumentation (" ... by means of elevators and/or forceps") is not relevant to this definition. I have extracted certain teeth with two fingers. Mosby. Mosby's Dental Dictionary, 2nd Edition. Mosby, 102007. p. 238 tooth extraction procedure A role that inheres in a tooth and is realized by an endodontic procedure performed on the tooth bearing the role. tooth to undergo endodontic procedure role A missing tooth finding in which tooth 1 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 1 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 2 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 2 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 3 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 3 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 4 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 4 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 5 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 5 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 6 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 6 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 7 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 7 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 8 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 8 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 9 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 9 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 10 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 10 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 11 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 11 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 12 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 12 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 13 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 13 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 15 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 15 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 16 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 16 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 17 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 17 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 18 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 18 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 19 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 19 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 20 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 20 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 21 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 21 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 22 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 22 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 23 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 23 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 24 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 24 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 25 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 25 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 26 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 26 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 27 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 27 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 28 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 28 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 29 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 29 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 30 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 30 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 31 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 31 finding A missing tooth finding in which tooth 32 is found to be missing. Bill Duncan missing tooth 32 finding A dental finding that a tooth was present during a clinical exam. tooth clinically present finding An inlay restoration procedure that uses ceramic to restore the tooth. ceramic inlay restoration ceramic inlay restoration procedure true An onlay restoration procedure that uses ceramic to restore the tooth. ceramic onlay restoration ceramic onlay restoration procedure true An inlay restoration procedure that uses resin to restore the tooth. Bill Duncan resin inlay restoration resin inlay restoration procedure A tooth to be restored role that is realized by an inlay restoration procedure tooth to undergo inlay procedure role true A tooth to be restored role that is realized by an onlay restoration procedure tooth to undergo onlay procedure role true A label naming a type of secondary tooth canonically found in humans, adopted by the American Dental Association, and commonly used as labels on odontograms (toothcharts) and clinical notes. The Universal Numbering System uses No. 1 through 32 for the 32 teeth in the permanent dentition, starting with 1 for the maxillary right third molar, going around the arch to the maxillary left third molar as 16; dropping down on the same side, the left mandibular third molar becomes 17, and then the numbers increase around the lower arch to 32, which is the lower right third molar. Bill Duncan 4/12/2012: From the book: "The Universal Numbering System was first suggested by Parreidt in 1882, and officially adopted by the American Dental Association in 1975. It is accepted by third-party providers and is endorsed by the American Society of Forensic Odontology." Titus Schleyer 1/1/2014: slightly updated definition Book:Scheid, Rickne. Woelfel's Dental Anatomy, 8th Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 01/2011. pp. i - ii). obsolete Universal tooth number true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 1 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 2 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 3 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 4 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 5 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 6 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 7 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 8 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 9 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 10 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 11 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 12 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 13 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 14 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 15 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 16 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 17 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 18 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 19 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 20 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 21 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 22 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 23 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 24 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 25 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 26 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 27 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 28 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 29 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 30 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 31 true Use replaced with ADA universal tooth number annotation. obsolete 32 true An intracoronal restoration procedure in which dental restoration material is placed within the grooves and pits of the occlusal surface of a tooth. inlay restoration procedure A crown restoration procedure in which the dental restoration material either replaces the cusp or overlays the cusp. onlay restoration procedure A dental restoration material that has a nonmetallic inorganic structure consisting primarily of compounds containing oxygen combined with one or more metallic or semi-metallic elements that are processed at high temperatures, pressed, and polished or milled. ceramic dental restoration material A dental restoration material that has a nonmetallic inorganic structure consisting primarily of compounds containing oxygen combined with one or more metallic or semi-metallic elements that are processed at high temperatures, pressed, and polished or milled. ISBN: 9780323697552 A metal dental restoration material that contains 85% or more titanium. titanium dental restoration material A metal dental restoration material that contains 85% or more titanium. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 A metal dental restoration material in which the principal ingredient is stainless steel. stainless steel dental restoration material An onlay restoration procedure that uses metal to restore the tooth. metallic onlay restoration metallic onlay restoration procedure true A crown restoration procedure in which the artificial crown used to restore the tooth is formed by covering all or some of a predominantly base metal substrate with resin. https://www.patientconnect365.com/DentalHealthTopics/Article/Crown__Resin_With_Predominately_Base_Metal__Dental_Procedure_Code_Description resin with predominantly base metal crown restoration procedure true A crown restoration procedure that uses titanium to restore the tooth. titanium crown restoration procedure true Bill Duncan 6/26/2015: There is not a dental restoration material of this kind. The class needs to be made obsolete. Bill Duncan obsolete resin with predominantly base metal dental restoration true A crown restoration procedure that uses noble metal to restore the tooth. noble metal crown restoration procedure true Bill Duncan 6/26/2015: There is not a dental restoration material of this kind. The class needs to be made obsolete. Bill Duncan obsolete porcelain fused to noble metal dental restoration material true Bill Duncan 6/26/2015: There is not a dental restoration material of this kind. The class needs to be made obsolete. Bill Duncan obsolete porcelain fused to high noble metal dental restoration material true Bill Duncan 6/26/2015: There is not a dental restoration material of this kind. The class needs to be made obsolete. Bill Duncan obsolete porcelain fused to predominantly base metal dental restoration material true A metal dental restoration material that is composed of a metallic alloy that contains 25% or more (by weight) of noble metal elements. Noble metal elements include Gold, Palladium, Platinum, Rhodium, Ruthenium, Iridium, and Osmium. noble metal dental restoration material A metal dental restoration material that is composed of a metallic alloy that contains 25% or more (by weight) of noble metal elements. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 A noble metal dental restoration material that is composed of a metallic alloy that contains 40% by weight or more of gold and 60% by weight or more noble metal elements. high noble metal dental restoration material A noble metal dental restoration material that is composed of a metallic alloy that contains 40% by weight or more of gold and 60% by weight or more noble metal elements. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 A resin with noble metal crown restoraton procedure that uses high noble metal as a substrate. https://www.patientconnect365.com/DentalHealthTopics/Article/Crown__Resin_With_High_Noble_Metal__Dental_Procedure_Code_Description resin with high noble metal crown restoration procedure A 3/4 crown restoration procedure that uses resin to restore the tooth. 3/4 resin crown restoration procedure true A 3/4 noble metal crown restoration procedure that uses high noble metal to restore the tooth. 3/4 high noble metal crown restoration procedure true A 3/4 crown restoration procedure that uses predominantly base metal to restore the tooth. 3/4 predominantly base metal crown restoration procedure true A 3/4 crown restoration procedure that uses ceramic to restore the tooth. 3/4 ceramic crown restoration procedure true A metallic onlay restoration procedure that uses noble metal to restore the tooth. noble metal onlay restoration procedure true A crown restoration procedure that uses resin to restore the tooth. resin crown restoration procedure A crown restoration procedure that uses ceramic to restore the tooth. ceramic crown restoration procedure true A metal dental restoration material that is composed of group of cast metals that rely on Chromium for corrosion resistance. predominantly base metal dental restoration material A metal dental restoration material that is composed of group of cast metals that rely on Chromium for corrosion resistance. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 A noble metal crown restoration procedure that uses high noble metal to restore the tooth. Bill Duncan high noble metal crown restoration procedure A procelain fused to nobal metal crown restoration procedure that uses high noble metal as a substrate. https://www.patientconnect365.com/DentalHealthTopics/Article/Crown__Porcelain_Fused_To_High_Noble_Metal__Dental_Procedure_Code_Description porcelain fused to high noble metal crown restoration procedure A noble metal onlay restoration procedure that uses high noble metal to restore the tooth. A noble metal onlay restoration procedure that uses high noble metal to restore the tooth. high noble metal onlay restoration procedure true A crown restoration procedure in which the artificial crown used to restore the tooth is formed by fusing porcelain to a substrate composed of noble metal. https://www.patientconnect365.com/DentalHealthTopics/Article/Crown__Porcelain_Fused_To_Noble_Metal__Dental_Procedure_Code_Description porcelain fused to noble metal crown restoration procedure true A crown restoration procedure in which the artificial crown used to restore the tooth is formed by fusing porcelain to a substrate composed of predominatly base metal. https://www.patientconnect365.com/DentalHealthTopics/Article/Crown__Porcelain_Fused_To_Predominately_Base_Metal__Dental_Procedure_Code_Description porcelain fused to predominantly base metal crown restoration procedure true A crown restoration material that uses predominantly base metal to restore the crown. predominantly base metal crown restoration procedure true A crown restoration procedure that uses stainless steel to restore the tooth. stainless steel crown restoration procedure true A crown restoration procedure in which the artificial crown used to restore the tooth is formed by cutting a window into a stainless steel prosthetic crown and filling the window with resin. http://www.dentalcare.com/en-US/dental-education/continuing-education/ce379/ce379.aspx?ModuleName=coursecontent&PartID=3&SectionID=-1 https://www.patientconnect365.com/DentalHealthTopics/Article/Crown__Prefabricated_Stainless_Steel_with_Resin__Dental_Procedure_Code_Description stainless steel with resin window crown restoration procedure true A dental health care provider role that inheres in a person who is a an auxiliary to the dental operator. Mosby. Mosby's Dental Dictionary, 2nd Edition. Mosby, 2008. VitalBook file. p. 55. dental assistant role A crown restoration procedure in which the artificial crown used to restore the tooth is formed by covering all or some of a noble metal substrate with resin. https://www.patientconnect365.com/DentalHealthTopics/Article/Crown__Resin_With_Noble_Metal__Dental_Procedure_Code_Description resin with noble metal crown restoration procedure true A metallic inlay restoration procedure that uses noble metal to restore the tooth. A metallic inlay restoration procedure that uses noble metal to restore the tooth. noble metal inlay restoration procedure A dental finding that a tooth has not errupted. unerupted tooth finding An onlay restoration procedure that uses resin to restore the tooth. resin onlay restoration resin onlay restoration procedure true A dentist role that inheres in a person a dentist who practices as part of the dental team to provide educational, clinical and therapeutic patient services; and can provide basic preventive and restorative treatment to children and adults, and extractions of primary (baby) teeth under the supervision of a dentist. http://dentistry.umn.edu/programs-admissions/dental-therapy/index.htm dental therapist role A dentist role that inheres in a person who specializes in performing endodontic procedures. endodontist role A dentist role that inheres in a person who specializes in performing oral surgery. oral surgeon role A dentist role that inheres in a person who has received specialized training in treating disorders that cause orofacial pain, such as TMJ disorder (TMD). orofacial pain dentist role A dentist role that inheres in a person who specializes in the prevention and correction of irregular teeth, as by means of braces. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/orthodontist orthodontist role A dentist role that inheres in a person who specializes in children's oral health. http://www.aapd.org pediatric dentist role A dentist role that inheres in a person who specializes in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontal disease, oral inflammation, and in the placement of dental implants. https://www.perio.org/consumer/periodontist2.htm periodontist role A dentist role that inheres in a person who specializes in the aesthetic (cosmetic) restoration and replacement of teeth. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosthodontics prosthodontist role A health care provider role that inheres in a person who specializes in the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations. http://www.nursingworld.org/EspeciallyForYou/What-is-Nursing registered nurse role A Homo sapiens that bears a health care provider role. Bill Duncan healthcare provider A health care provider that bears a registered nurse role. Bill Duncan registered nurse A dental health care provider that bears a dental therapist role. Bill Duncan dental therapist A dentist that bears a endodontist role. Bill Duncan endodontist A dentist that bears an oral surgeon role. Bill Duncan oral surgeon A dentist that bears an orofacial pain dentist role. Bill Duncan orofacial pain dentist A dentist that bears an orthodontist role. Bill Duncan orthodontist A dentist that bears a pediatric dentist role. Bill Duncan pediatric dentist A dentist that bears a periodontist role. Bill Duncan periodontist Bill Duncan 6/26/2015: There is not a dental restoration material of this kind. The class needs to be made obsolete. Bill Duncan obsolete stainless steel with resin window dental restoration material true A tooth that has been restored by using dental restoration material to replace decayed or missing parts of the tooth. Bill Duncan 12/29/2017: A restored tooth typically results when a tooth with some type of pathological defect is restored. Titus Schleyer 1/1/2014: updated definition Alan Ruttenberg restored tooth A patient role that is realized by the process of being under the care of a dental health care provider. Alan Ruttenberg Bill Duncan dental patient role A material to be added role that is born by a portion of material and is realized during a process in which the material plays a role in restoring the tooth. Dental restoration material roles are realized in processes that restore teeth. Bill Duncan 12/11/2014: Changed definition to read that a "portion of dental restoration material" is realized by a "tooth restoration procedure". Bill Duncan 2023-10-17: A 'tooth' in the definition may be natural or artificial. Also, the material bearing the role does not necessarily have to become part of the tooth. Bill Duncan 2023-10-17: Widened the definition to include other materials used in restoration processes (e.g., luting agents). Titus Schleyer 1/1/2014: updated definition dental restoration material role An inlay restoration procedure that uses high noble metal to restore the tooth. An inlay restoration procedure that uses high noble metal to restore the tooth. high noble metal inlay restoration procedure An onlay restoration procedure that uses predominantly base metal to restore the tooth. predominantly base metal onlay restoration procedure true true An inlay restoration procedure that uses predominantly base metal to restore the tooth. predominantly base metal inlay restoration procedure true A metallic onlay restoration procedure that uses titanium to restore the tooth. titanium onlay restoration procedure true A metallic inlay restoration procedure that uses titanium to restore the tooth. titanium inlay restoration procedure A visual and tactile examination in which the clinician evaluates the status of the patient's oral cavity and related areas. An oral evaluation is performed as part of a dental exam. The examination may also include the results of tests, such as radiographs, pulp vitality, etc. This class was created in order to associate oral evaluations with dental findings that came about as the result of a dental exam. The data source I am working with has records that show multiple oral evalutions were performed on the same day. For example, the data source may have records that show a periodic oral evaluation, comprehensive oral evaluation, and comprehensive periodontal evaluation are performed on the same day. However, the finding(s) for these evaluations is/are stored in a separate table with only the patient id and date to associate the finding with the exam. There is no information to link the finding to a particular evaluation. As a work around (i.e., hack!), I've made oral evaluations be part of the dental examination. There is a case to be made that oral evaluations should be a subclass of dental exam, but, such a representation, would make representing the finding information (associated with a particular oral evaluation) difficult. Titus Schleyer 1/14/2014: updated definition Also, regarding Bill's comment on the fact that multiple examinations can occur on the same day (e.g. periodic oral evaluation, comprehensive oral evaluation and comprehensive periodontal evaluation): From a billing and clinical perspective, these are separate. For instance, a comprehensive oral evaluation has a larger scope than a periodic oral evaluation, while a comprehensive periodontal evaluation is focused primarily on gums and supporting tissues. oral evaluation An oral evaluation performed on a patient of record (at an interval specified by the dentist) to determine any changes in the patients dental and medical health status since a previous evaluation. It includes an oral cancer evaluation and periodontal screening where indicated, and may require interpretation of information acquired through additional diagnostic procedures. Titus Schleyer 1/1/2014: updated definition ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 periodic oral evaluation A resin crown restoration procedure in which the artificial crown has been produced beforehand. prefabricated resin crown restoration procedure A dental finding in which there were no oral health issues were reported. The intent of the class is to represent those case in which a dental exam is performed on patient, no finding is reported for the exam. This could mean that the patients mouth is healthy; the patient had an issue but the examiner failed to report it; or (perhaps) that the patient has some oral health issue, but there are no new issues to report. The label of the class may need to be changed. Titus Schleyer 1/14/2014: added "issue" to definition Bill Duncan PERSON: Bill Duncan a role that inheres in a person who licensed to provide health care no oral health issues reported An oral evaluation limited to a specific oral health problem or complaint. This may require interpretation of information acquired through additional diagnostic procedures. Typically, patients receiving this type of evaluation present with a specific problem and/or dental emergencies, trauma, acute infections, etc. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 limited oral evaluation An oral evaluation that is performed on new patients; established patients who have had a significant change in health conditions or other unusual circumstances; or established patients who have been absent from active treatment for three or more years. It is a thorough evaluation and recording of the extraoral and intraoral hard and soft tissues. It may require interpretation of information acquired through additional diagnostic procedures. This includes an evaluation for oral cancer where indicated, the evaluation and recording of the patients dental and medical history and a general health assessment. It may include the evaluation and recording of dental caries, missing or unerupted teeth, restorations, existing prostheses, occlusal relationships, periodontal conditions (including periodontal screening and/or charting), hard and soft tissue anomalies, etc. Titus Schleyer 1/1/2014: checked definition, looks okay ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 comprehensive oral evaluation An oral evaluation performed on patients showing signs or symptoms of periodontal disease and for patients with risk factors for such disease, such as smoking or diabetes. It includes evaluation of periodontal conditions, probing and charting, evaluation and recording of the patients dental and medical history and general health assessment. It may include the evaluation and recording of dental caries, missing or unerupted teeth, restorations and occlusal relationships. Titus Schleyer 1/1/2014: slightly updated definition ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 comprehensive periodontal evaluation A physical examination of the soft tissue of the mouth, including the lips, mucosa, hard and soft palate, tongue, and floor of mouth. technically I don't need to include giniva since it is mucosa, but felt like it in the interest of avoiding questions Alan Ruttenberg http://www.dentistry.utoronto.ca/dpes/diagnostic/patients/extraoral-and-intraoral-soft-tissue-examination-patient intraoral soft tissue exam A physical examination of the soft tissue of the head and neck with attention to the temporomandibular joint area. Alan Ruttenberg http://www.dentistry.utoronto.ca/dpes/diagnostic/patients/extraoral-and-intraoral-soft-tissue-examination-patient extraoral soft tissue exam A natural, modified or prosthetic tooth Alan Ruttenberg functional tooth A target of material addition role that inheres in some part of a tooth and is realized in a process where dental material forms a new surface Can't say the role inheres in a surface as the problem may be that the particular surface isn't present before the restoration. Alan Ruttenberg tooth surface to be restored role A processed material that is part of a restored tooth and forms the part of a restored tooth where a the surface enamel of the restored tooth used to be. Alan Ruttenberg restored tooth surface A dental health care provider that bears a dental assistant role. Bill Duncan a dental health care provider that bears a dental assistant role dental assistant A physical structure, such as a building, in which dental care is provided by licensed providers. 2022-12-06T01:28:31Z dental practice facility A role that inheres in a person who is licensed to provide health care. healthcare provider role A dentist that bears a prosthodontist role. Bill Duncan prosthodontist A role borne by a person who is employed by health care organization. 2022-12-06T01:30:55Z healthcare organization employee role A healthcare organization employee role born by a person who works as office in a healthcare organization. 2022-12-06T01:32:39Z healthcare office staff role A dental finding that one or more surfaces of a tooth have been restored. 2022-12-06T01:39:35Z restored tooth surface finding A dental finding that a dental procedure has been performed on a patient's mouth. Bill Duncan 12/27/2016: This finding can indicate that a procedure was performed even when the output is not observable. For example, by looking a dental record, a provider may find that the last time a patient's teeth were cleaned was two years ago. 2016-12-27T01:45:45Z dental procedure finding A restored tooth surface that forms the buccal surface of a restored tooth. 2022-12-06T02:41:02Z restored buccal surface true A restored tooth surface that forms the distal surface of a restored tooth. 2022-12-06T02:41:41Z restored distal surface A restored tooth surface that forms the incisal surface of a restored tooth. 2022-12-06T02:44:18Z restored incisal surface A restored tooth surface that forms the labial surface of a restored tooth. 2022-12-06T02:47:52Z restored labial surface true A restored tooth surface that forms the lingual surface of a restored tooth. 2022-12-06T02:49:31Z restored lingual surface A restored tooth surface that forms the mesial surface of a restored tooth. 2022-12-06T02:50:33Z restored mesial surface A restored tooth surface that forms the occlusal surface of a restored tooth. 2022-12-06T02:51:08Z restored occlusal surface A surgical endodontic procedure involving a multi-root tooth in which the decayed root and its related coronal portion are removed to the furcation (area of bone loss). Bill Duncan 12/29/2016: Typically the removal of root/crown/bone is followed by the placement of an indirect restoration. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hemisection 2022-12-06T02:30:43Z hemisection procedure A restored tooth in which the tooth's pulp is removed and replaced by dental restoration material. root canal treatment procedure 2022-12-06T02:21:35Z endodontic treatment procedure A tooth in which inflamed pulp has been removed by a pulp debridement procedure. A tooth that has been modified in some way as the result of some surgical dental procedure. Bill Duncan 12/29/2016: The intent of this class is to represent teeth that have undergone some kind of surgical procedure, but which are not restored in the sense of having dental restoration material placed in them; e.g, a pulp debridement procedure. 2022-12-06T02:12:10Z surgically modified tooth A surgical endodontic procedure in which infected pulp is removed from a tooth in order to give the remaining pulp room to swell. Bill Duncan 12/29/2016: This procedure relieves some of the pain, allowing a root canal patient to wait longer before having the full procedure performed. http://www.ehow.com/facts_7478434_pulpal-debridement.html 2022-12-06T02:32:55Z pulpal debridement procedure A tooth that has been surgically extracted from a patient's mouth. Bill Duncan 12/29/2016: This class represents those teeth which are extracted from a patient. After all, an extracted tooth is still a tooth. It just isn't part of the patient anymore. This class provides us with a convient way to represent those teeth that have been extracted. 2022-12-06T02:15:20Z extracted tooth A restored tooth surface that forms the lip-facing or cheek-facing surface of a restored tooth. Bill Duncan 01/05/2017: Some dental EHR systems use the letter "F" for facial surfaces rather than "L" for labial surfaces. The reason is that "L" is also used for the lingual surface. Gopikrishnan M. Chandrasekharan 07/12/2023: We decided that the facial surface should subsume both labial and buccal surfaces. 2022-12-06T02:42:40Z restored facial surface A restored tooth in which some portion of the tooth's root or pulp has been replaced by dental restoration material as a result of the tooth undergoing an endodontic restorative procedure. 2022-12-06T02:00:27Z endodontically restored tooth A restored tooth in which some portion of enamel in the tooth's crown has been restored by dental restoration material as the result of the tooth undergoing either a crown procedure or intracoronal restoration procedure. 2022-12-06T01:55:01Z coronally restored tooth A coronally restored tooth in which all or part of the natural dental crown is repalced by an artificial crown as a result of the tooth undergoing an crown procedure. 2022-12-06T01:56:50Z extracoronally restored tooth A coronally restored tooth in which dental restoration material is placed into a site that is located in the crown of the tooth as the result of the tooth undergoing an intracoronal restoration procedure. 2022-12-06T01:57:51Z intracoronally restored tooth A coronally restored tooth in which a thin layer of material (i.e., a veneer) has been placed over one or more surfaces of the tooth as a result of the tooth undergoing a veneer restoration procedure. 2022-12-06T01:59:02Z veneer surface restored tooth An endodontic restorative procedure during which a tooth's root tip is removed and a root end cavity is prepared and filled with dental restoration material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apicoectomy 2022-12-06T02:20:26Z apicoectomy procedure A tooth restoration procedure during which some portion of the tooth's root or pulp is replaced by dental restoration material. 2022-12-06T01:52:43Z endodontic restorative procedure true A surgical dental procedure that is performed on the pulp chamber and/or root canal of a tooth, or a part thereof. 2022-12-06T02:26:59Z surgical endodontic procedure true A surgical endodontic procure during which a root is removed from a multi-root tooth. 2022-12-06T02:35:48Z root amputation procedure A dental procedure during which some part of the mouth is replaced by or fitted for a prothesis. 2022-12-06T01:49:03Z prosthodontics procedure A prosthodontics procedure during which a prosthesis is permanently attached to some part of the mouth. 2022-12-06T04:06:45Z fixed prosthodontics procedure A prosthodontics procedure during which a removable prosthesis is either constructed or fitted to the patient's mouth. 2022-12-06T04:08:52Z removable prosthodontics procedure A fixed prosthodontics procedure in which a dental implant is permanently attached to the jaw. 2022-12-06T04:37:27Z dental implant procedure A removable prosthodontics procedure in which the prosthesis being constructed or fitted replaces all of the patient's teeth. 2022-12-06T04:10:46Z complete denture procedure A removable prosthodontics procedure in which the prosthesis being constructed or fitted replaces some but not all of the patient's teeth. 2022-12-06T04:12:21Z removable partial denture procedure A fixed partial denture that is suppored and retained by underlying tissue and one or more dental implants. 2022-12-06T03:41:04Z implant supported partial denture A partial denture that is designed and constructed to be removed readily from the mouth. 2022-12-06T03:54:24Z removable partial denture A prosthesis that replaces all the natural teeth and associated structures in either the maxilla or mandible (or both). 2022-12-06T03:32:49Z complete denture A complete denture that can be easily removed from a mouth. 2022-12-06T03:35:25Z complete removable denture A complete denture that is perminately attached to the mouth. 2022-12-06T03:33:42Z complete fixed denture A complete denture that replaces all the natural teeth and associated structures in both the maxilla and mandible. 2022-12-06T03:34:14Z complete full denture A complete denture that replaces all the natural teeth and associated structures in the mandible. 2022-12-06T03:34:47Z complete lower denture A progressive disease course wherein teeth break down due to acids produced by bacteria 2023-06-06T21:29:59Z tooth decay A progressive disease course wherein teeth break down due to acids produced by bacteria https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooth_decay A prosthetic tooth with an anchoring structure surgically implanted beneath the mucosal or periosteal layer or in the bone. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/tooth+implant 2022-12-06T04:03:18Z dental implant A disorder that is part of a tooth. A disorder that is part of a tooth. 2023-06-06T21:30:39Z tooth disorder A mechanical tooth lesion formed as a result of the tooth being fatigued, flexed, and deformed by biomechanical loading of the tooth. Tooth abfactions are primarily found in the cervical region of the tooth. Tooth abfractions are usually wedge-shaped lesions with sharp-line angles, but sometimes circular invaginations on occlusal surfaces. 2023-06-06T21:30:59Z tooth abfraction lesion SCTID:109750005 A mechanical tooth lesion formed as a result of the tooth being fatigued, flexed, and deformed by biomechanical loading of the tooth. Tooth abfactions are primarily found in the cervical region of the tooth. SNOMED CT "Abfraction (disorder)" (SCTID: 109750005) A tooth friction lesion that is caused by either the functional (e.g., mastication) or parafunctional movement of the jaws (e.g., bruxism). The lesion are primarily found on the occlusal and incisal surfaces of the teeth, however it can be found on the proximal surfaces as well. 2023-06-06T21:31:20Z tooth attrition lesion A non-carious tooth lesion that is formed as result of the tooth being exposed to acids. 2023-06-06T21:31:50Z dental erosion tooth erosive lesion A tooth friction lesion that is formed as result of some abrasive process. 2023-06-06T21:33:29Z tooth abrasive lesion A carious tooth lesion that resulted from some tooth decay but the infected region is not currently decaying. 2023-06-06T21:37:28Z arrested carious lesion A carious tooth lesion that is currently undergoing the process of tooth decay. 2023-06-06T21:37:54Z active carious lesion A carious tooth lesion that is found only within the enamel. 2023-06-06T21:38:37Z enamel carious lesion A carious tooth legion that has extended to the dentine. 2023-06-06T21:39:01Z dentine carious lesion A carious tooth lesion that is either wholly or partially part of the tooth root. 2023-06-06T21:39:44Z root caries tooth root carious lesion A tooth disorder that is not formed by tooth decay. 2023-06-07T14:15:31Z non-carious tooth lesion A tooth lesion caused by brushing too hard. A tooth lesion caused by bruxism. A non-carious tooth lesion that is the result of functional or parafunctional activity of the jaws or a process of friction or an abrasive process 2023-06-08T16:19:59Z mechanical tooth lesion A patient-reported outcome that reports a favorable outcome in regards to the patient's health. 2025-01-17T15:47:18Z patient-reported favorable outcome A process during which the surface of the tooth is cleaned. 2023-06-08T16:56:25Z tooth cleaning process A tooth cleaning process during which an object is used to clean the tooth (or teeth) by applying a powder, paste, or liquid (i.e., dentifrice). 2023-06-08T16:59:29Z toothbrushing true A bruxism that occurs during sleep and is characterised by rhythmic (phasic) or non-rhythmic (tonic) movements of the jaw. 2023-06-06T21:39:37Z sleep bruxism A bruxism that occurs during sleep and is characterised by rhythmic (phasic) or non-rhythmic (tonic) movements of the jaw. PMCID: PMC6287494 A tooth disorder that is an outcome of a ruture or break of some part of the tooth. 2023-06-08T17:13:14Z tooth fracture A prosthesis that forms the part of a prosthetic tooth that is in direct contact with the bone and actually provides the fixation to the bone. http://www.ptcdental.com/dentaldictionary/i/implant-body/ 2022-12-06T04:22:55Z dental implant body A prosthesis that forms the part of a prosthetic tooth to which the restoration is attached and supports the restoration. Bill Duncan 07/26/2017: Implant abutments are conical-shaped, and are screwed into a dental implant integrated into the jawbone. Today, the most common form of implant abutments are made of tooth colored material to add a more natural look to the crown that covers the abutment. This type of abutment allows the crown to blend more appropriately with adjacent teeth as is the case with the high noble metal resin crowns and porcelain-fused to noble metal crowns. (https://www.patientconnect365.com/DentalHealthTopics/Article/Abutment__Dental_Procedure_Code_Description) Bill Duncan 7/26/2017: Most often the dental implant abutment is an intermediate component between the implant body and the restoration. http://www.ptcdental.com/dentaldictionary/a/abutment/ 2022-12-06T04:19:43Z dental implant abutment A prosthesis that forms the part of a prosthetic tooth which provides the prosthetic tooth with the functionallity and appearance of a natural tooth. 2022-12-06T04:27:20Z dental implant crown A prosthesis that is permanently attached attached to some part of the mouth. Bill Duncan 07/26/2017: This class is used to group dental implants and fixed dentures under one term. 2022-12-06T04:00:32Z fixed prothesis A process during which the tooth is affected by an abrasive material. 2023-06-09T16:17:51Z tooth abrasive process A dental implant body fabricated to fit the supporting areas of mandible or maxilla with permucosal extensions for support and attachment of abutments. http://dentalimplants.uchc.edu/about/types.html http://implantdirect.co/ai/implantcatalogpdf/glossary.pdf 2022-12-06T04:25:20Z subperiosteal implant framework A material entity of a certain hardness and density that helps remove material from the surface of an entity. 2023-06-09T16:29:17Z abrasive material A dental implant body that is less that 3mm in diameter. 2022-12-06T04:24:40Z mini dental implant body An endodontic restorative procedure during which material is placed over exposed or nearly dental pulp in order to protect and promote healing of the dental pulp. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulp_capping 2022-12-06T02:23:54Z pulp capping procedure A bruxism that occurs during wakeful-ness and is characterised by repetitive or sustained tooth contact and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible. 2023-06-06T21:38:37Z awake bruxism A bruxism that occurs during wakeful-ness and is characterised by repetitive or sustained tooth contact and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible. PMCID: PMC6287494 A patient-reported outcome that reports an ufavorable outcome in regards to the patient's health. 2025-01-17T15:48:15Z patient-reported unfavorable outcome A surgical endodontic procedure during which medications are placed inside the pulp chamber in order to induce the formation of living replacement tissue. http://www.neendosol.com/procedures/pulpal-regeneration/ 2022-12-06T02:34:17Z pulpal regeneration procedure A mechnical tooth lesion that formed as a result of some friction process. A tooth friction lesion is caused by a friction process involving an external object. For example, the clasp of an ill-fitting denture, pipe stem of a tobacco pipe, friction lesion of the interproximal areas caused by vigorous use of a tooth pick etc. An abrasive material is not involved in creating the friction lesion. 2023-06-22T21:30:59Z tooth friction lesion A removable partial denture procedure in which the prosthesis being constructed or fitted replaces some but not all of the patient's maxillary teeth. 2022-12-06T04:15:55Z removable maxillary partial denture procedure A removable partial denture procedure in which the prosthesis being constructed or fitted replaces some but not all of the patient's mandibular teeth. 2022-12-06T04:15:07Z removable mandibular partial denture procedure A dental implant body that is placed in the mouth for short duration of time in order to allow adequate time for healing or completion of definitive treatment planning. 2022-12-06T04:24:01Z interim dental implant body A dental implant crown constructed out of ceramic. 2022-12-06T04:28:56Z ceramic implant crown A dental implant crown made out of porcelain fused to metal. 2022-12-06T04:32:56Z porcelain fused to metal implant crown A fixed prosthodontics procedure during which an artificial crown is attached to an dental implant abutment. 2022-12-06T04:43:23Z dental implant crown attachment procedure true A dental implant crown attachment procedure in which the implant crown is composed of ceramic. 2022-12-06T04:44:43Z ceramic dental implant crown attachement procedure A dental implant crown attachment procedure in which the implant crown is composed of porcelain fused to metal. 2022-12-06T04:46:37Z porcelain fused to metal dental implant crown attachement procedure A fixed prosthodontics procedure during which an abutment is attached to an implant body. 2022-12-06T04:39:09Z dental implant abutment attachement procedure true A dental implant abutment attachment procedure during which a retainer for a fixed partial denture is attached to an implant body. 2022-12-06T04:40:12Z dental implant retainer attachement procedure for fixed partial denture A processed material that bears a prothetic role. Bill Duncan prosthesis A prosthesis that has been fabricated for use as a substitute for a natural tooth. usually made of porcelain or plastic Bill Duncan Mosby. Mosby's Dental Dictionary, 2nd Edition. Mosby, 2008. VitalBook file. p. 689 prosthetic tooth true A tooth restoration procedure in which the dental restoration material is placed in the tooth via some direct dental restoration material combination process. direct restoration procedure A tooth restoration procedure in which the dental restoration material is placed in the tooth via some dental material tooth attachment process. indirect restoration procedure A crown restoration procedure in which 3 of the 4 surfaces on an anterior tooth is restored. The dental restoration material extends to (or almost to) the gum line. 3/4 crown restoration procedure A dental material combination process in which one or more materials forms a substructure and then one or more materials are fused (or baked) onto this substructure. Bill Duncan dental material fusion process A tooth that is either an incisor or a canine. Bill Duncan Anterior Tooth A tooth that is either a molar or premolar. Bill Duncan Posterior Tooth true A dental implant retainer attachement procedure for fixed partial denture in which the retainer being attached to the implant body is to be used as a retainer for a ceramic fixed partial denture. 2022-12-06T04:41:10Z dental implant retainer attachement procedure for ceramic fixed partial denture partial denture A prosthesis that replaces one or more, but less than all, of the natural teeth and associated structures. Bill Duncan partial dental prothesis Mosby. Mosby's Dental Dictionary, 2nd Edition. Mosby, 2008. VitalBook file. p. 175 partial denture A fixed partial denture that is suppored and retained by underlying tissue and some or all of the remaining teeth. Dan Caplan 12/13/2014: Mosby's definition is not quite corrrect. The support could also include other teeth that are not adjacent to the endentulous area. The important point is that the prosthesis is supported by existing teeth (wherever they are in the arch), and not by the gingiva. Bill Duncan Mosby. Mosby's Dental Dictionary, 2nd Edition. Mosby, 2008. VitalBook file. p. 175-176 tooth-supported partial denture A partial denture that is permanently attached to prepared natural teeth, roots, or implants. bridge Mosby. Mosby's Dental Dictionary, 2nd Edition. Mosby, 2008. VitalBook file. p. 175 fixed partial denture A tooth restoration procedure in which a fixed partial denture (i.e., bridge) is attached to the supporting teeth. A tooth restoration procedure in which a fixed partial denture (i.e., bridge) is attached to the supporting teeth. bridge restoration procedure fixed partial denture restoration procedure A glass eye (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocular_prosthesis) A prothetic hand (see http://bebionic.com) A material to be added role that inheres in a material entity that replaces some missing body part. Bill Duncan / Alan Ruttenber 12/16/2014: Prosthics may be either functional for non-functional. For example, a glass eye bears a prosthetic role, but it does not see. Alan Ruttenberg Bill Dunan prosthetic role A prosthic hand A prosthetic role that is realized by activities in which the material entity (bearing the role) is used a manner that is similar to how the body part that the prosthesis replaces would be used. Alan Ruttenberg Bill Duncan functional prosthetic role A prothetic tooth that is part of a fixed partial denture. Bill Duncan pontic A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a right upper third secondary molar tooth (tooth 1). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 1 prosthetic right upper third secondary molar tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a right upper second secondary molar tooth (tooth 2). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 2 prosthetic right upper second secondary molar tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a right upper first secondary molar tooth (tooth 3). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 3 prosthetic right upper first secondary molar tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a right upper second secondary premolar tooth (tooth 4). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 4 prosthetic right upper second secondary premolar tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a right upper first secondary premolar tooth (tooth 5). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 5 prosthetic right upper first secondary premolar tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a right upper secondary canine tooth (tooth 6). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 6 prosthetic right upper secondary canine tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a right upper lateral secondary incisor tooth (tooth 7). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 7 prosthetic right upper lateral secondary incisor tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a right upper central secondary incisor tooth (tooth 8). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 8 prosthetic right upper central secondary incisor tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a left upper central secondary incisor tooth (tooth 9). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 9 prosthetic left upper central secondary incisor tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a left upper lateral secondary incisor tooth (tooth 10). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 10 prosthetic left upper lateral secondary incisor tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a left upper secondary canine tooth (tooth 11). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 11 prosthetic left upper secondary canine tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a left upper first secondary premolar tooth (tooth 12). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 12 prosthetic left upper first secondary premolar tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a left upper second secondary premolar tooth (tooth 13). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 13 prosthetic left upper second secondary premolar tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a left upper first secondary molar tooth (tooth 14). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 14 prosthetic left upper first secondary molar tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a left upper second secondary molar tooth (tooth 15). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 15 prosthetic left upper second secondary molar tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a left upper third secondary molar tooth (tooth 16). Bill Duncan prothetic tooth 16 prosthetic left upper third secondary molar tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a left lower third secondary molar tooth (tooth 17). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 17 prosthetic left lower third secondary molar tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a left lower second secondary molar tooth (tooth 18). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 18 prosthetic left lower second secondary molar tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a left lower first secondary molar tooth (tooth 19). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 19 prosthetic left lower first secondary molar tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a left lower second secondary premolar tooth (tooth 20). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 20 prosthetic left lower second secondary premolar tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a left lower first secondary premolar tooth (tooth 21). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 21 prosthetic left lower first secondary premolar tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a left lower secondary canine tooth (tooth 22). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 22 prosthetic left lower secondary canine tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a left lower lateral secondary incisor tooth (tooth 23). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 23 prosthetic left lower lateral secondary incisor tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a left lower central secondary incisor tooth (tooth 24). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 24 prosthetic left lower central secondary incisor tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a right lower central secondary incisor tooth (tooth 25). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 25 prosthetic right lower central secondary incisor tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a right lower lateral secondary incisor tooth (tooth 26). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 26 prosthetic right lower lateral secondary incisor tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a right lower secondary canine tooth (tooth 27). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 27 prosthetic right lower secondary canine tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a right lower first secondary premolar tooth (tooth 28). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 28 prosthetic right lower first secondary premolar tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a right lower second secondary premolar tooth (tooth 29). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 29 prosthetic right lower second secondary premolar tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a right lower first secondary molar tooth (tooth 30). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 30 prosthetic right lower first secondary molar tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a right lower second secondary molar tooth (tooth 31). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 31 prosthetic right lower second secondary molar tooth A prosthetic tooth that is used a substitute for a right lower third secondary molar tooth (tooth 32). Bill Duncan prosthetic tooth 32 prosthetic right lower third secondary molar tooth A material combination in which two or more dental restoration materials are combined. Bill Duncan dental material combination process provisional crown A prosthetic role that is borne by a material entity which is serves as a temporary replacement for some body part in order to allow adequate time for healing or completion of other procedures. Bill Duncan temporary prosthetic role A dental implant retainer attachement procedure for fixed partial denture in which the retainer being attached to the implant body is to be used as a retainer for a porcelain fused to metal fixed partial denture. 2022-12-06T04:42:02Z dental implant retainer attachement procedure for porcelain fused to metal fixed partial denture A fixed partial denture constructed out of ceramic. 2022-12-06T03:39:55Z ceramic fixed partial denture A fixed partial denture constructed out of porcelain fused to metal. 2022-12-06T03:43:52Z porcelain fused to metal fixed partial denture An implant supported fixed partial denture constructed out of ceramic. 2022-12-06T03:42:00Z ceramic implant supported partial denture An implant supported fixed partial denture constructed out of porcelain fused to metal. 2022-12-06T03:42:38Z porcelain fused to metal implant supported partial denture A tooth supported fixed partial denture constructed out of porcelain fused to metal. 2022-12-06T03:51:56Z porcelain fused to metal tooth supported partial denture A tooth supported fixed partial denture constructed out of ceramic. 2022-12-06T03:51:23Z ceramic tooth supported partial denture A dental implant abutment that serves as a retainer for a fixed partial denture. 2022-12-06T04:22:08Z dental implant fixed partial denture retainer A dental implant crown constructed out of high noble metal. 2022-12-06T04:30:02Z high noble metal implant crown A caries finding in which the caries lesion is found to be in the tooth's crown. 2017-11-09T22:29:25Z coronal caries finding A caries finding in which the caries lesion is found to be in the tooth's root. 2017-11-09T22:30:09Z tooth root caries finding 1 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 1. 2017-11-10T03:42:18Z secondary dentition missing tooth 1 2 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 2. 2017-11-10T03:49:27Z secondary dentition missing tooth 2 3 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 3. 2017-11-10T03:49:34Z secondary dentition missing tooth 3 4 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 4. 2017-11-10T03:49:39Z secondary dentition missing tooth 4 5 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 5. 2017-11-10T03:49:48Z secondary dentition missing tooth 5 6 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 6. 2017-11-10T03:49:54Z secondary dentition missing tooth 6 7 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 7. 2017-11-10T03:50:01Z secondary dentition missing tooth 7 8 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 8. 2017-11-10T03:50:08Z secondary dentition missing tooth 8 9 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 9. 2017-11-10T03:50:29Z secondary dentition missing tooth 9 10 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 10. 2017-11-10T03:50:36Z secondary dentition missing tooth 10 11 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 11. 2017-11-10T03:50:44Z secondary dentition missing tooth 11 12 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 12. 2017-11-10T03:50:49Z secondary dentition missing tooth 12 13 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 13. 2017-11-10T03:50:55Z secondary dentition missing tooth 13 14 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 14. 2017-11-10T03:51:02Z secondary dentition missing tooth 14 15 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 15. 2017-11-10T03:51:11Z secondary dentition missing tooth 15 16 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 16, 2017-11-10T03:51:17Z secondary dentition missing tooth 16 17 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 17. 2017-11-10T03:51:23Z secondary dentition missing tooth 17 18 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 18. 2017-11-10T03:51:28Z secondary dentition missing tooth 18 19 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 19. 2017-11-10T03:51:33Z secondary dentition missing tooth 19 20 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 20. 2017-11-10T03:51:38Z secondary dentition missing tooth 20 21 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 21. 2017-11-10T03:51:45Z secondary dentition missing tooth 21 22 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 22. 2017-11-10T03:52:02Z secondary dentition missing tooth 22 23 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 23. 2017-11-10T03:52:06Z secondary dentition missing tooth 23 24 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 24. 2017-11-10T03:52:13Z secondary dentition missing tooth 24 25 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 25. 2017-11-10T03:52:16Z secondary dentition missing tooth 25 26 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 26. 2017-11-10T03:52:20Z secondary dentition missing tooth 26 27 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 27. 2017-11-10T03:52:25Z secondary dentition missing tooth 27 28 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 28. 2017-11-10T03:52:36Z secondary dentition missing tooth 28 29 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 29. 2017-11-10T03:52:40Z secondary dentition missing tooth 29 30 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 30. 2017-11-10T03:52:48Z secondary dentition missing tooth 30 31 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 31. 2017-11-10T03:52:54Z secondary dentition missing tooth 31 32 A secondary dentition that is missing tooth 32. 2017-11-10T03:52:59Z secondary dentition missing tooth 32 A dental finding procedure that an endodontic procedure was performed on the patient. 2017-11-21T03:27:27Z endodontic procedure finding A dental finding procedure that procedure a prosthodontics procedure was performed on the patient. 2017-11-21T03:27:44Z prosthodontics procedure finding A dental finding procedure that a surgical dental procedure was performed on the patient. 2017-11-21T03:28:02Z surgical dental procedure finding A dental finding procedure that tooth restoration procedure was performed on the patient. 2017-11-21T03:28:33Z tooth restoration procedure finding A dental finding procedure that a crown restoration procedure was performed on the patient. 2017-11-21T03:28:47Z crown restoration procedure finding A dental finding procedure that an intracoronal restoration procedure was performed on the patient. 2017-11-21T03:29:24Z intracoronal restoration procedure finding A dental finding procedure that a veneer restoration procedure was performed on the patient. 2017-11-21T03:29:54Z veneer restoration procedure finding A dental finding that is about an oral evaluation. 2017-11-21T03:30:30Z oral evaluation finding A disease that is a characteristic of a mouth. A disease that is a characteristic of a mouth. 2025-01-17T19:58:44Z mouth disease A dentin hypersensitivity in which dentin is hypersensitive to temperature stimuli. 2024-06-21T14:48:22Z thermal dentin hypersensitivity Mouth breathing Teeth grinding and clenching Tongue thrusting A pathological process that involves the mouth and can contribute to some disorder of the head and neck region. An oral parafunction can include tongue thrusting, mouth breathing, bruxism etc. oral parafunction true A masticatory muscle activity that may result in a disorder within the head and neck region. Involuntary holding of the teeth together and tightening of the jaw muscles or grinding of the teeth. 2023-06-06T21:27:37Z bruxism true A dentin hypersensitivity in which dentin is hypersensitive to touch or pressure stimuli. 2024-06-21T14:53:42Z tactile dentin hypersensitivity A dentin hypersensitivity in which dentin is hypersensitive to chemical stimuli. 2024-06-21T14:54:01Z chemical dentin hypersensitivity A tooth disorder in which enamel is worn down such that dentin is exposed. This can potentially result in tooth sensitivity or pain. 2024-06-21T14:56:09Z exposed dentin A thermal dentin hypersensitivity in which dentin is hypersensitive to heat stimuli. 2024-06-21T14:58:12Z thermal dentin hypersensitivity due to heat A thermal dentin hypersensitivity in which dentin is hypersensitive to cold stimuli. 2024-06-21T14:58:20Z thermal dentin hypersensitivity due to cold A tooth fracture in which dentin is exposed. 2024-06-21T15:02:39Z tooth fracture with exposed dentin A disorder that is part of a mouth. A disorder that is part of a mouth. 2025-01-17T20:08:15Z mouth disorder An information content entity that contains multiple structured collections of data items. 2025-04-13T21:18:24Z data collection A set of records in which each record contains a patient's demographic information. A data collection that consists of multiple records or tables which contain records. Although a dataset may contain single record or table, a dataset does not have to be organized as rows and columns and is often saved as a single file. 2025-04-13T21:18:30Z dataset A set of fields that contain information about a patient, such as the patient's first name, last name, and birthdate. A data collection that consists of one or more data fields and structures the data fields as a logical unit. 2025-04-13T21:18:38Z data record A microbiome that is located in the mouth. oral microbiome A data collection in which the data items are organized into rows and columns. 2025-04-13T21:19:03Z data table An infectious disorder that is the result of an imbalance or disruption of the microorganisms which normally exist within the mouth. 2025-03-12T22:52:42Z oral dysbiosis oral microbial dysbiosis An infectious disorder that is the result of an imbalance or disruption of the microorganisms which normally exist within the mouth. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10304820 A Dental Fear Survey (DFS) question asking "Has fear of dental work ever caused you to put off making an appointment?" 2025-02-15T18:42:53Z DFS 01. Has fear of dental work ever caused you to put off making an appointment? true A Dental Fear Survey (DFS) question asking "Has fear of dental work ever caused you to cancel or not appear for an appointment?" 2025-02-15T18:43:08Z DFS 02. Has fear of dental work ever caused you to cancel or not appear for an appointment? true A Dental Fear Survey (DFS) question prompting users with "My muscles become tense." 2025-02-15T18:43:22Z DFS 03. My muscles become tense. true A Dental Fear Survey (DFS) question prompting users with "My breathing rate increases." 2025-02-15T18:43:32Z DFS 04. My breathing rate increases. true The birthdate field in a record containing patient information. A data item that is part of a record and serves as a single unit of information within the record. 2025-04-13T21:19:13Z data field A Dental Fear Survey (DFS) question prompting users with "I perspire." 2025-02-15T18:51:13Z DFS 05. I perspire. true A Dental Fear Survey (DFS) question prompting users with "I feel nauseated and sick to my stomach." 2025-02-15T18:51:33Z DFS 06. I feel nauseated and sick to my stomach. true A Dental Fear Survey (DFS) question prompting users with "My heart beats faster." 2025-02-15T18:52:23Z DFS 07. My heart beats faster. true A Dental Fear Survey (DFS) question prompting users with "Making an appointment for dentistry." 2025-02-15T18:53:00Z DFS 08. Making an appointment for dentistry. true A Dental Fear Survey (DFS) question prompting users with "Approaching the dentist’s office." 2025-02-15T18:53:10Z DFS 09. Approaching the dentist’s office. true A Dental Fear Survey (DFS) question prompting users with "Sitting in the waiting room." 2025-02-15T18:53:25Z DFS 10. Sitting in the waiting room. true true A Dental Fear Survey (DFS) question prompting users with "Being seated in the dental chair." 2025-02-15T18:53:41Z DFS 11. Being seated in the dental chair. true A Dental Fear Survey (DFS) question prompting users with "The smell of the dentist’s office." 2025-02-15T18:53:56Z DFS 12. The smell of the dentist’s office. true A Dental Fear Survey (DFS) question prompting users with "Seeing the dentist walk in." 2025-02-15T18:54:08Z DFS 13. Seeing the dentist walk in. true A Dental Fear Survey (DFS) question prompting users with "Seeing the anesthetic needle." 2025-02-15T18:54:22Z DFS 14. Seeing the anesthetic needle. true A Dental Fear Survey (DFS) question prompting users with "Feeling the needle injected." 2025-02-15T18:54:43Z DFS 15. Feeling the needle injected. true A Dental Fear Survey (DFS) question prompting users with "Seeing the drill." 2025-02-15T18:54:54Z DFS 16. Seeing the drill. true true A Dental Fear Survey (DFS) question prompting users with "Hearing the drill." 2025-02-15T18:55:07Z DFS 17. Hearing the drill. true true A Dental Fear Survey (DFS) question prompting users with "Feeling the vibrations of the drill." 2025-02-15T18:55:19Z DFS 18. Feeling the vibrations of the drill. true true A Dental Fear Survey (DFS) question prompting users with "Having your teeth cleaned." 2025-02-15T18:55:32Z DFS 19. Having your teeth cleaned. true true A Dental Fear Survey (DFS) question asking "All things considered, how fearful are you of having dental work done?" 2025-02-15T18:55:46Z DFS 20. All things considered, how fearful are you of having dental work done? A pathological bodily process during which tooth mineral is solubilized by acid produced by certain bacteria that adhere to the tooth surface in bacterial communities known as dental plaque. 2025-03-12T23:20:57Z bacterial tooth demineralization process A pathological bodily process during which tooth mineral is solubilized by acid produced by certain bacteria that adhere to the tooth surface in bacterial communities known as dental plaque. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8259 An infectious disease course that realizes dental caries. 2025-03-12T23:02:32Z dental caries disease course A dental fear and anxiety assessment instrument initially described by Humphris et al. (1995) that was developed to improve the psychometrics and content validity of the original Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) by adding an item about receiving dental injections, and ordering the potential answers to each item so that they range from least to greatest level of anxiety. 2025-02-15T19:01:50Z Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) A dental fear and anxiety assessment instrument initially described by Humphris et al. (1995) that was developed to improve the psychometrics and content validity of the original Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) by adding an item about receiving dental injections, and ordering the potential answers to each item so that they range from least to greatest level of anxiety. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1472-6831-9-20 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/1472-6831-8-29.pdf A question that appears in the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). 2025-02-15T19:02:06Z Questions downloaded from https://dentalanxiety.wp.st-andrews.ac.uk. Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) question A Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) question asking "If you went to your Dentist for TREATMENT TOMORROW, how would you feel?" 2025-02-15T19:02:30Z MDAS 1. If you went to your Dentist for TREATMENT TOMORROW, how would you feel? A Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) question asking "If you were sitting in the WAITING ROOM (waiting for treatment), how would you feel?" 2025-02-15T19:02:44Z MDAS 2. If you were sitting in the WAITING ROOM (waiting for treatment), how would you feel? true A Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) question asking "If you were about to have a TOOTH DRILLED, how would you feel?" 2025-02-15T19:02:54Z MDAS 3. If you were about to have a TOOTH DRILLED, how would you feel? true A Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) question asking "If you were about to have your TEETH SCALED AND POLISHED, how would you feel?" 2025-02-15T19:03:14Z MDAS 4. If you were about to have your TEETH SCALED AND POLISHED, how would you feel? true A Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) question asking "If you were about to have a LOCAL ANAESTHETIC INJECTION in your gum, above an upper back tooth, how would you feel?" 2025-02-15T19:27:40Z MDAS 5. If you were about to have a LOCAL ANAESTHETIC INJECTION in your gum, above an upper back tooth, how would you feel? A touching process in which vibrations from a dental drill are perceived. 2025-05-14T01:31:15Z feeling dental drill vibrations A dental occlusion finding that follows the classificatons defined by Dr. Edward Hartley. 2026-06-15T19:29:13Z Angle's classification finding A dental occlusion finding that follows the classificatons defined by Dr. Edward Hartley. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK592395/ A alignment quality that characterizes how at least one upper tooth and at least one lower tooth spatialy relate to one another during static or dynamic maximal contact. 2026-06-10T22:48:05Z occlusion tooth occlusal quality A alignment quality that characterizes how at least one upper tooth and at least one lower tooth spatialy relate to one another during static or dynamic maximal contact. https://aaoinfo.org/resources/glossary-of-orthodontic-terms/ https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11624512/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK570625/ An Angle's classification finding in which the back molars meet properly, but the front teeth may appear to be crowded together or spaced apart. 2026-06-10T22:54:55Z The maxillary teeth are slightly forward of the mandibular teeth, and the jaw is aligned properly. With a Class I Malocclusion, there may be an overbite, an openbite, a posterior (back) crossbite or an anterior (front) crossbite. Class I occlusion finding An Angle's classification finding in which the back molars meet properly, but the front teeth may appear to be crowded together or spaced apart. https://aaoinfo.org/resources/glossary-of-orthodontic-terms/ https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11340269/ An Angle's classification finding in which the positioning of the upper front teeth further forward than the lower teeth. Also known as an overbite. 2026-06-10T22:55:03Z The maxillary teeth are significantly forward of the mandibular teeth, and the jaw is underdeveloped. Class II occlusion finding An Angle's classification finding in which the positioning of the upper front teeth further forward than the lower teeth. Also known as an overbite. https://aaoinfo.org/resources/glossary-of-orthodontic-terms/ https://sequenceorthodontics.com/orthodontic-dictionary/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK592395/ An Angle's classification finding in which the positioning of the lower front teeth further forward than the upper teeth. Also known as an underbite. 2026-06-10T22:55:11Z The mandibular teeth are significantly forward of the maxillary teeth, and the jaw is overdeveloped. Class III occlusion finding An Angle's classification finding in which the positioning of the lower front teeth further forward than the upper teeth. Also known as an underbite. https://aaoinfo.org/resources/glossary-of-orthodontic-terms/ https://sequenceorthodontics.com/orthodontic-dictionary/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK592395/ A Class I occlusion finding that is about the teeth on the right side of the mouth. 2026-06-10T22:56:36Z right Class I dental occlusal finding true A Class I occlusion finding that is about the teeth on the left side of the mouth. 2026-06-10T22:56:45Z left Class I dental occlusal finding true A Class II occlusion finding that is about the teeth on the rght side of the mouth. 2026-06-10T22:57:00Z right Class II dental occlusal finding true A Class II occlusion finding that is about the teeth on the left side of the mouth. 2026-06-10T22:57:09Z left Class II dental occlusal finding true A Class III occlusion finding that is about the teeth on the right side of the mouth. 2026-06-10T22:57:20Z right Class III dental occlusal finding true A Class Iii occlusion finding that is about the teeth on the left side of the mouth. 2026-06-10T22:57:36Z left Class III dental occlusal finding true A dental finding that is about the alignment of the upper and lower teeth when the jaws are closed. 2026-06-10T23:30:27Z dental occlusion finding A dental finding that is about the alignment of the upper and lower teeth when the jaws are closed. https://aaoinfo.org/resources/glossary-of-orthodontic-terms/ https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11624512/ https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4762337/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK570625/ A dental occlusion finding that is about teeth which do not fit together properly. 2026-06-10T23:43:30Z malocclusion finding A dental occlusion finding that is about teeth which do not fit together properly. https://aaoinfo.org/resources/glossary-of-orthodontic-terms/ https://sequenceorthodontics.com/orthodontic-dictionary/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK592395/ A data item which is an answer to a question appearing in a dental fear survey. 2025-02-15T20:24:23Z dental fear survey answer A dental fear survey assessment instrument answer which answers a question appearing in the Dental Fear Survey (DFS). 2025-02-15T20:45:59Z Dental Fear Survey (DFS) answer A Dental Fear Survey (DFS) answer which expresses the frequency at which something occurs. 2025-02-15T20:47:20Z DFS - frequency answer A Dental Fear Survey (DFS) answer which expresses the level of fear, anxiety, or unpleasantness experienced by the respondant. 2025-02-15T20:48:21Z DFS - level of fear, anxiety, or unpleasantness answer A DFS - frequency answer which expresses that something occurs never. 2025-02-15T20:50:03Z value 1 DFS - never A DFS - frequency answer which expresses that something occurs once or twice. 2025-02-15T20:50:24Z value 2 DFS - once or twice A DFS - frequency answer which expresses that something occurs a few times. 2025-02-15T20:50:46Z value 3 DFS - a few times A DFS - frequency answer which expresses that something occurs often. 2025-02-15T20:51:11Z value 4 DFS - often A DFS - frequency answer which expresses that something occurs nearly every time. 2025-02-15T20:51:37Z value 5 DFS - nearly every time A DFS - level of fear, anxiety, or unpleasantness answer which expresses that some fear, anxiety, or unpleasantness is experienced by the respondant none at all. 2025-02-15T20:52:16Z value 1 DFS - none at all A DFS - level of fear, anxiety, or unpleasantness answer which expresses that some fear, anxiety, or unpleasantness is experienced by the respondant a little. 2025-02-15T20:52:39Z value 2 DFS - a little A DFS - level of fear, anxiety, or unpleasantness answer which expresses that some fear, anxiety, or unpleasantness is experienced by the respondant somewhat. 2025-02-15T20:53:05Z value 3 DFS - somewhat A DFS - level of fear, anxiety, or unpleasantness answer which expresses that some fear, anxiety, or unpleasantness is experienced by the respondant much. 2025-02-15T20:53:28Z value 4 DFS - much A DFS - level of fear, anxiety, or unpleasantness answer which expresses that some fear, anxiety, or unpleasantness is experienced by the respondant very much. 2025-02-15T20:53:45Z value 5 DFS - very much A dental fear survey assessment instrument answer which answers a question appearing in the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). 2025-02-15T20:54:42Z Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) answer A Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) answer which expresses the respondant not feeling anxious in some circumstance. 2025-02-15T20:56:06Z value 1 MDAS - Not anxious A Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) answer which expresses the respondant feeling slightly anxious in some circumstance. 2025-02-15T20:56:25Z value 2 MDAS - Slightly anxious A Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) answer which expresses the respondant feeling fairly anxious in some circumstance. 2025-02-15T20:57:12Z value 3 MDAS - Fairly anxious A Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) answer which expresses the respondant feeling very anxious in some circumstance. 2025-02-15T20:57:39Z value 4 MDAS - Very anxious A Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) answer which expresses the respondant feeling extremely anxious in some circumstance. 2025-02-15T20:58:02Z value 5 MDAS - Extremely anxious A dental restoration material that primarily consists of tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate (similar to Portland cement), calcium aluminate, gypsum, radiopacifiers and set by hydration of silicates in the presence of moisture. 2023-10-12T21:52:17Z It is used in pulp capping, apexification, pulpotomy, and treatment of perforation. mineral trioxide aggregate cement dental restoration material A dental restoration material that primarily consists of tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate (similar to Portland cement), calcium aluminate, gypsum, radiopacifiers and set by hydration of silicates in the presence of moisture. Chang, S.W., 2012. Chemical characteristics of mineral trioxide aggregate and its hydration reaction. Restorative dentistry & endodontics, 37(4), pp.188-193. A dental restoration material that contains methacrylate monomers, fillers and activator initiator system to facilitate light activated and/or chemically activated polymerization reactions. 2023-08-07T15:16:39Z It is intended for use in the cementation or fixation of restorations and appliances. resin-based cement dental restoration material A dental restoration material that contains methacrylate monomers, fillers and activator initiator system to facilitate light activated and/or chemically activated polymerization reactions. ISBN:0323478212 https://www.iso.org/standard/42898.html An acid-base cement dental restoration material containing basic ion-leachable glass (fluoroaluminosilicate glass) as a powder component with polymeric water-soluble acid (polyacrylic acid, polyprotic carboxylic acid) as liquid component to complete the acid-base reaction. Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) glass polyalkenoate cement doi:10.3390/jfb7030016 2023-07-19T15:23:33Z glass ionomer cement dental restoration material A zinc-oxide cement dental restoration material containing eugenol as a liquid component to complete the acid-base reaction. ISBN:0323478212 2023-07-21T13:58:36Z zinc oxide eugenol cement dental restoration material A dental restoration material containing calcium aluminate, polyacrylic acid with basic ion-leachable glass particles as powder component with water as liquid component to complete the acid-base reaction of glass ionomer and hydration of calcium aluminate cement. 2024-02-08T11:22:23Z calcium aluminate glass ionomer hybrid cement dental restoration material A zinc-oxide cement dental restoration material containing aliphatic acid or butyric acid to substitute the eugenol as a liquid component to complete the acid-base reaction. 2023-07-31T12:05:19Z zinc oxide non-eugenol cement dental restoration material A zinc-oxide cement dental restoration material containing aliphatic acid or butyric acid to substitute the eugenol as a liquid component to complete the acid-base reaction. ISBN:0323478212 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9689175/ A resin-based composite dental restoration material that enables the restoration to be built up in thick layers of up to 4 mm and are recommended by manufacturers to simplify clinical technique and save time compared to traditional incremental placement. 2023-07-31T12:07:09Z bulk-filled resin-based composite dental restoration material A resin-based composite dental restoration material that enables the restoration to be built up in thick layers of up to 4 mm and are recommended by manufacturers to simplify clinical technique and save time compared to traditional incremental placement. Craig's restorative Dental Material A resin-based composite dental restoration material that has low-viscosity and is recommended for cervical lesions, restorations in deciduous teeth, and other small, low- or non-stress bearing restorations. 2023-07-31T12:07:24Z flowable resin-based composite dental restoration material A resin-based composite dental restoration material that has low-viscosity and is recommended for cervical lesions, restorations in deciduous teeth, and other small, low- or non-stress bearing restorations. Craig's restorative Dental Material A resin-based composite dental restoration material that contains macrosize filler particles. 2023-07-31T12:08:04Z macrofilled resin-based composite dental restoration material A resin-based composite dental restoration material that contains macrosize filler particles. Craig's restorative Dental Material A resin-based composite dental restoration material which is composed of dimethacrylate resins with 0.04-m colloidal silica fillers and prepolymerized resins, which are sometimes filled with colloidal silica. 2023-07-31T12:08:13Z microfilled resin-based composite dental restoration material A resin-based composite dental restoration material which is composed of dimethacrylate resins with 0.04-m colloidal silica fillers and prepolymerized resins, which are sometimes filled with colloidal silica. Craig's restorative Dental Material A resin-based composite dental restoration material that contains nanometer-sized filler particles (1 to 100 nm) throughout the resin matrix. 2023-07-31T12:08:41Z nano filled resin-based composite dental restoration material A resin-based composite dental restoration material that contains nanometer-sized filler particles (1 to 100 nm) throughout the resin matrix. Craig's restorative Dental Material A resin-based composite dental restoration material which consist of large particles (0.4 to 5 m) with added nanometer-sized filler particles. Thus they are hybrid materials, not true nanofilled composites. Craig's restorative Dental Material 2023-07-31T12:08:57Z nano hybrid resin-based composite dental restoration material A resin-based composite dental restoration material which consist of large particles (0.4 to 5 m) with added nanometer-sized filler particles. Thus they are hybrid materials, not true nanofilled composites. Craig's restorative Dental Material A resin-based composite dental restoration material that contains fluoride-releasing silicate glass filler phase and a methacrylate based matrix with carboxylic acid functional groups. polyacid-modified glass ionomer cement 2023-07-31T12:09:12Z ISBN:978-81-312-3488-4 compomer resin-based composite dental restoration material A resin-based composite dental restoration material that contains fluoride-releasing silicate glass filler phase and a methacrylate based matrix with carboxylic acid functional groups. Craig's restorative Dental Material ISBN: 978-1-4377-2418-9 An acid-base cement dental restoration material where in glass ionomer cements the glasses are fused with metals such as gold, silver, titanium, and silver to improve their strength. cermet dental restoration material ISBN:0323478212 2023-07-31T15:40:29Z metal modified glass ionomer dental restoration material A dental restoration material containing acid and liquid components in powder liquid form. ISBN:0323478212 acid-base cement dental restoration material An acid-base cement dental restoration material containing zinc-oxide as a powder component with some specific liquid component to complete the acid-base reaction. ISBN:0323478212 https://www.iso.org/standard/84407.html 2023-08-05T15:44:55Z zinc oxide cement dental restoration material An acid-base cement dental restoration material with modification of glass ionomer cement with some monomer component and associated activator initiator system to facilitate light and chemically activated polymerization reaction. doi: 10.3390/jfb7030016 2023-08-08T12:27:23Z The monomer is typically 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, HEMA, and the initiator is camphorquinone. Resin-modified glass-ionomers set by the twin processes of neutralization (acid-base reaction) and addition polymerization, and the resulting material has a complicated structure based on the combined products of these two reactions. resin-modified glass ionomer dental restoration material A ceramic dental restoration material that contains crystallized ceramic portions which are uniformally distributed within a glass phase. 2024-08-30T13:39:47Z glass matrix ceramic dental restoration material A ceramic dental restoration material that contains crystallized ceramic portions which are uniformally distributed within a glass phase. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16247541 A ceramic dental restoration material that contains small crystals, also known as grains, that are separated by grain boundaries and present a random crystallographic orientation , that do not contain a glass phase. 2024-08-30T13:41:52Z polycrystalline ceramic dental restoration material A polycrystalline ceramic dental restoration material that contains Zirconia which is partially stabilized zirconium oxide usually in the tetragonal phase. 2024-08-30T13:42:45Z zirconia polycrystalline ceramic dental restoration material A polycrystalline ceramic dental restoration material that contains Zirconia which is partially stabilized zirconium oxide usually in the tetragonal phase. ISBN: 9780323697552 A zirconia polycrystalline ceramic dental restoration material that contains the first generation of dental zirconia fully stabilized with yttria (Y2O3) which are chiefly composed of the tetragonal phase (tetragonal zirconia polycrystals : TZPs) and are stabilized at room temperature with the addition of 3 mol% of yttrium oxide (3Y-TZP). 2024-08-30T13:43:04Z 3Y-TZP zirconia ceramic dental restoration material A zirconia polycrystalline ceramic dental restoration material that contains the next generation of dental zirconia with the addition of transparent, non-birefringent, cubic-phase stabilized with higher yttrium oxide (of approximately 25% of the cubic phase achieved with 4 mol% of yttrium oxide) with increased translucency in relation to 3Y-TZP for monolithic applications. 2024-08-30T13:43:16Z 4Y-PSZ zirconia ceramic dental restoration material A zirconia polycrystalline ceramic dental restoration material that contains zirconia with increased yttrium oxide (5-8% mol) ultra translucent zironia 2024-08-30T13:43:35Z 5Y-PSZ zirconia ceramic dental restoration material A zirconia polycrystalline ceramic dental restoration material that contains additions of layers of different pigments to provide a graded shade between the cervical and the incisal portion of the restoration to mimic the natural tooth appearance. 2024-08-30T13:43:50Z multichromatic zirconia ceramic dental restoration material A zirconia polycrystalline ceramic dental restoration material that contains layered structure composed of different compositions of dental zirconias to provide graded structures that mimic not only the shade, but the translucency and esthetic appearance of natural teeth. 2024-08-30T13:44:12Z multilayered zirconia ceramic dental restoration material A polycrystalline ceramic dental restoration material that combines different cryatalline phases to improve specific properties. 2024-08-30T13:44:39Z polycrystalline composite ceramic dental restoration material A polycrystalline ceramic dental restoration material that combines different cryatalline phases to improve specific properties. doi: 10.3390/ma16247541 A polycrystalline composite ceramic dental restoration material that combines zirconium to increase the material's mechanical and esthetic properties. 2024-08-30T13:44:55Z zirconia toughened alumina ceramic dental restoration material An acid-base cement dental restoration material containing zinc-oxide and magnesium oxide as a powder component with phosphoric acid as liquid component to complete the acid-base reaction. ISBN:0323478212 2023-09-14T16:34:50Z zinc phosphate cement dental restoration material An acid-base cement dental restoration material containing zinc-oxide and magnesium oxide as a powder component with polyacrylic acid and water as liquid component to complete the acid-base reaction. ISBN:0323478212 2023-09-14T16:35:15Z zinc polycarboxylate cement dental restoration material A dental restoration material role that is borne by a portion of dental restoration material in association with bulk restoration and is realized in a tooth restoration procedure in which the restoration material becomes part of a restored tooth. 2023-10-12T11:44:24Z dental prosthesis support role A dental restoration material that contains calcium hydroxide as a chief ingredient and is suspended in a solvent carrier with a thickening agent. 2023-10-12T12:11:12Z calcium hydroxide cement dental restoration material A polycrystalline composite ceramic dental restoration material that combine alumina to increase materials strength and toughness. 2024-08-30T13:45:12Z alumina toughened zirconia ceramic dental restoration material A ceramic dental restoration material that consists of a ceramic network infiltrated with a polymer resin to integrate the mechanical properties of ceramics with the improved elasticity of resins. 2024-08-30T13:45:40Z resin matrix ceramic dental restoration material A resin matrix ceramic dental restoration material that contains nano ceramic filler, typically to improve esthetics, strength, and wear resistance. 2024-08-30T13:46:29Z resin nano ceramic dental restoration material A resin matrix ceramic dental restoration material that contains either lithium disilicate or leucite-reinforced glass ceramic filler, typically to improve esthetics, strength, and wear resistance. 2024-08-30T13:46:51Z resin matrix glass ceramic dental restoration material A resin matrix ceramic dental restoration material that contains zirconia or silica based ceramic filler, typically to improve esthetics, strength, and wear resistance. 2024-08-30T13:47:07Z resin matrix zirconia silica ceramic dental restoration material A glass matrix ceramic dental restoration material that primarily contains a ternary material system composed of kaolin (hydrated aluminosilicate), silica, and naturally occurring feldspar (a mixture of potassium and sodium aluminosilicates). 2024-08-30T13:47:42Z feldspathic glass matrix ceramic dental restoration material A glass matrix ceramic dental restoration material that contains synthetic materials which varies among manufacturers, but commonly includes silicon dioxide (SiO2), potassium oxide (K2O), sodium oxide (Na2O), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3). 2024-08-30T13:47:59Z synthetic glass matrix ceramic dental restoration material A synthetic glass matrix ceramic that contains a leucite (K2OAl2O34SiO2) crystalline phase dispersed in a glass matrix. 2024-08-30T13:48:16Z leucite based synthetic glass matrix ceramic dental restoration material A synthetic glass matrix ceramic that contains a lithium disilicate system (SiO2-Li2O-K2O-ZnO-P2O5 Al2O3-[zirconium dioxide] ZrO2). 2024-08-30T13:48:33Z lithia based synthetic glass matrix ceramic dental restoration material A synthetic glass matrix ceramic in which the glass phases may be combined with apatite crystals, in addition to leucite, for thermal expansion compatibility with metals and for improved strength. 2024-08-30T13:48:47Z fluorapatite based synthetic glass matrix ceramic dental restoration material A metal oxide which contain sodium and oxygen. Compound CID: 73971 https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/73971 disodium;oxygen(2-) 2025-01-30T15:10:11Z sodium oxide A metal oxide which contain barium and oxigen. PubChem CID 62392 https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/62392 barium monoxide oxobarium 2025-01-30T15:12:24Z barium oxide A metal oxide which contain zirconium and oxygen. PubChem CID 6452892 https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Zirconium-oxide oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) 2025-01-30T15:38:39Z zirconium oxide A metal oxide which contains yttrium and oxygen. oxygen(2-);yttrium(3+) 2025-01-30T15:42:14Z https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/159374 yttrium oxide A metal oxide which contain lithium and oxygen. Compound CID: 166630 https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/166630 dilithium;oxygen(2-) 2025-01-30T15:42:45Z lithium oxide A dental restoration material which is a hydrophilic monomer used in dental adhesives, and primers. HEMA 2025-03-13T15:59:18Z hydroxyethyl methacrylate dental restoration material A dental restoration material which is a hydrophilic monomer used in dental adhesives, and primers. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188111 A predominantly base metal dental restoration material this is primarly composed of cobalt chromium. 2025-06-20T14:52:41Z cobalt chromium metal dental resotration material A predominantly base metal dental restoration material that is primarily composed of nickel chromium. 2025-06-20T14:49:56Z nickel chromium metal dental restoration material A noble metal dental restoration material that is composed of predominantly silver in composition and at least 25% by weight of palladium to provide nobility of the alloy. 2025-06-20T14:47:05Z silver-palladium alloy metal dental restoration material A titanium dental restoration material that contain pure titanium with minimum impurities. cp-titanium 2025-06-20T14:58:36Z The maximum elemental mass fractions of impurities are: nitrogen 0.012–0.05 mass%, carbon 0.03–0.08 mass%, hydrogen 0.0125 mass%, oxygen 0.1–0.4 mass%, and iron 0.1–0.5 mass% contents. commercially pure titanium dental restoration material A titanium dental restoration material that contains titanium with incorporation of alpha or beta microstructural stabilizers. Common microstructural stabilizers include aluminum, vanadium, niobium, cobalt, copper, nickel, or molybdenum. 2025-06-20T15:00:37Z titanium alloy dental restoration material A bodily process that involves the masticatory muscles of the head and neck region. 2023-06-06T21:30:37Z masticatory muscle activity A data item that comes directly from a patient about how they function or feel in relation to the patient's health. A patient reported outcome can include subjective feelings regarding symptoms, functions in daily life, physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, and social well-being, and satisfaction with the health care that has been received. This term should be imported from more general ontology like OGMS. patient-reported outcome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C95401 A data item that comes directly from a patient about how they function or feel in relation to the patient's health. A patient reported outcome can include subjective feelings regarding symptoms, functions in daily life, physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, and social well-being, and satisfaction with the health care that has been received. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/patient-reported-outcome https://www.pcori.org/sites/default/files/UMD-NORD-Telecon-Two-Patient-Reported-Outcomes.pdf A patient reported outcome regarding a dental condition or treatment. patient-reported dental outcome A patient reported dental outcome that is favorable and related to a dental condition or treatment. patient-reported favorable dental outcome true A patient-reported outcome that indicates an unfavorable experience or result related to a dental condition or treatment patient-reported unfavorable dental outcome true A behavioral defense response in which an organism seeks to avoid an encounter with a potential external threat. 2025-02-10T00:00:00Z obsolete avoidance behavior true true http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000228 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/EMRO_0003000 Avoidance behavior that involves delay in seeking healthcare treatment due to fear, anxiety, or other psychological factors. 2025-02-10T18:00:21Z health encounter avoidance behavior A healthcare visit avoidance behavior that involves delay in seeking dental treatment. 2025-02-10T18:03:15Z dental visit avoidance behavior A health care encounter avoidance behavior that involves delay in scheduling a health care appointment due to fear, anxiety, or other psychological factors. 2025-02-12T15:44:15Z health care encounter avoidance behavior that involves delay in scheduling a health care appointment A dental visit avoidance behavior that involves delay in scheduling a dental appointment due to fear, anxiety, or other psychological factors. 2025-02-12T15:53:10Z dental visit avoidance behavior that involves delay in scheduling a dental appointment A dental visit avoidance behavior that involves canceling or not showing up for a dental appointment due to fear, anxiety, or other psychological factors. 2025-02-12T15:53:59Z dental visit avoidance behavior that involves canceling or not showing up for a dental appointment A dental visit avoidance behavior that involves canceling a dental appointment due to fear, anxiety, or other psychological factors. 2025-02-12T15:54:27Z dental visit avoidance behavior that involves canceling a dental appointment A dental visit avoidance behavior that involves not showing up for a dental appointment due to fear, anxiety, or other psychological factors. 2025-02-12T15:54:56Z dental visit avoidance behavior that involves not showing up for a dental appointment An information content entity that is used to gather evidence or assess some entity. 2025-05-05T13:22:39Z evaluative information entity A question that appears in the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C+). 2025-03-10T12:47:59Z Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C+) Question A seeing process in which light waves from a dental drill are perceived. 2025-05-13T21:34:58Z seeing dental drill A question that appears in the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS). 2025-03-10T12:48:45Z Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) question A dataset that is about dental fear and anxiety where the dataset is produced by some study. 2025-03-10T12:49:35Z dental fear and anxiety study dataset A hearing process in which sound waves from a dental drill are perceived. 2025-05-13T21:39:33Z hearing dental drill OBSOLETE. A relation between a physical sensation and an anatomical entity or site where an anatomical entity is usually located in which the sensation is subjectively experienced as occurring in the anatomical entity or site. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PAIN_0000062 2025-09-26T23:11:39Z obsolete experienced in true A question that is about either avoidance behavior or fear in anticipation of some event. 2025-10-14T18:14:24Z Class based on the COHRA 'AvoidanceAnticipatoryFear' score sum slot. avoidance or anticipatory fear question true An evaluative information entity used to measure dental fear and anxiety. 2025-03-10T12:50:42Z dental fear and anxiety assessment instrument A question that appears in an assessment instrument. 2025-03-10T12:52:45Z assessment question A question that appears in the Dental Fear Survey (DFS). 2025-03-10T12:53:00Z Dental Fear Survey (DFS) question An information content entity whose purpose is to elicit information. 2025-03-14T01:58:29Z question https://ontobee.org/ontology/SIO?iri=http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000085 A dental fear survey answer which answers a question in a dental fear assessment instrument. 2025-03-15T15:49:58Z dental fear survey assessment instrument answer A dental fear survey answer which answers a question in a dental fear study. 2025-03-15T15:50:51Z dental fear survey study answer A dental fear survey assessment instrument answer which answers a question appearing in the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS). 2025-03-15T15:57:25Z Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) answer A dental fear survey assessment instrument answer which answers a question appearing in the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C+). 2025-03-15T15:58:05Z Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C+) answer A smelling process in which a dentist office is olfactorially perceived. 2025-05-14T01:24:25Z smelling dentist office A dental assessment instrument developed by Armfield (2010) to measure the four components of anxiety (emotional, behavioural, physiological, cognitive), which provides a screening measure for the psychiatric anxiety diagnosis of specific phobia of dentistry, and which comprises common dental anxiety triggers relevant to both clinicians and research. 2025-03-10T13:28:37Z Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C+) A dental assessment instrument developed by Armfield (2010) to measure the four components of anxiety (emotional, behavioural, physiological, cognitive), which provides a screening measure for the psychiatric anxiety diagnosis of specific phobia of dentistry, and which comprises common dental anxiety triggers relevant to both clinicians and research. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/eos.12731 https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/2010-10892-008 A dental fear and anxiety assessment instrument initially described by Kleinknecht et al. (1973) used to identify specific fear stimuli such as seeing the needle and smelling the smell of the dental office, as well as to measure patients’ reactions concerning the avoidance of dentistry and physiological arousal during a dental appointment. 2025-03-10T13:28:59Z Dental Fear Survey (DFS) A dental fear and anxiety assessment instrument initially described by Kleinknecht et al. (1973) used to identify specific fear stimuli such as seeing the needle and smelling the smell of the dental office, as well as to measure patients’ reactions concerning the avoidance of dentistry and physiological arousal during a dental appointment. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4144391/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0002817773640275 A dental fear and anxiety assessment instrument initially described by Corah (1969) which measures the degree of anxiety related to dental treatment via a four item multiple choice questionnaire. 2025-03-10T13:30:01Z Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) A dental fear and anxiety assessment instrument initially described by Corah (1969) which measures the degree of anxiety related to dental treatment via a four item multiple choice questionnaire. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00220345690480041801 https://peerj.com/articles/2978.pdf A question that assesses some avoidance behavior. 2025-03-15T16:22:39Z avoidance behavior question A question that assesses some avoidance behavior directed at a health encounter. 2025-03-15T16:25:28Z health encounter avoidance question A question that assesses some avoidance behavior directed at a dental visit. 2025-03-15T16:26:49Z dental visit avoidance question A question that assesses some cancellation or failure to appear for a dental appointment. 2025-03-15T16:30:10Z question about canceling or not showing up for a dental appointment A question that assesses some delay in scheduling a dental appointment. 2025-03-15T16:31:41Z question about delay in scheduling a dental appointment A seeing process in which light waves from a dentist are perceived. 2025-05-14T01:26:29Z seeing dentist A seeing process in which light waves from an anesthetic needle are perceived. 2025-05-14T01:28:06Z seeing anesthetic needle A process in which a patient sits in a waiting room. 2025-03-28T00:44:02Z patient sitting in waiting room true A dental procedure in which a drill is used to effect a tooth. 2025-03-28T00:56:24Z tooth drilling procedure A question that is about a patient sitting in a waiting room. 2025-03-28T01:11:07Z question about patient sitting in a waiting room true A question that is about some tooth drilling procedure. 2025-03-28T01:21:29Z question about tooth drilling A dental procedure in which a physician chips or scrapes away plaque from the surface of a patient's tooth. 2025-03-28T01:27:41Z tooth scaling procedure A dental procedure in which a physician smooths the surface of a patient's tooth. 2025-03-28T01:28:01Z tooth polishing procedure A health care encounter in which a health care provider injects an anaesthetic which is intended to numb a portion of the body. 2025-03-28T01:50:32Z local anaesthetic injection A tooth cleaning process performed by a physician on a patient. 2025-03-28T01:53:03Z tooth cleaning procedure true A question that is about some tooth cleaning procedure. 2025-03-28T01:55:49Z question about a tooth cleaning procedure A touching process in which a needle injection is perceived. 2025-03-28T12:48:08Z 2025-05-14T01:29:07Z feeling needle injection A process that happens before a dental visit and concerns some dental encounter. 2025-05-14T01:31:15Z process before dental visit A bodily process during which an individual remains in a seated position. 2025-03-28T12:51:19Z 2025-05-20T17:31:22Z sitting process A process that happens during a dental visit and involves the patient participating in the dental visit. A process that happens during a dental visit and involves the patient participating in the dental visit. 2025-03-28T12:51:33Z process during dental visit A process that happens after a dental visit and concerns some dental encounter. 2025-03-28T12:52:05Z process after dental visit A question asking about something which happens before a dental visit. 2025-03-28T12:54:40Z question about prior to dental visit A question asking about something which happens during a dental visit. 2025-03-28T12:56:37Z question about during dental visit A question asking about something which happens after a dental visit. 2025-03-28T12:57:13Z question about after dental visit A question that is about some dental procedure. 2025-03-28T13:26:13Z dental procedure question true A question about fear of some specific dental stimuli. 2025-10-14T18:32:31Z Class based on the COHRA 'FearOfSpecificDentalStimuli' score sum slot. fear of specific dental stimuli question A question that is about a change in bodily state or activity as a result of a stimulus. 2025-04-04T13:05:36Z question about physiological arousal A question that is about some fear of pain. 2025-10-14T18:47:04Z Class based on the COHRA1 'FearOfPainScore' sum slot. fear of pain question A bodily process in which the rate at which an organism moves air in and out of its lungs increases. 2025-04-04T13:22:01Z obsolete increased breathing rate true true http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/EMRO_0000012 A question about an individual's fear of experiencing a minor degree of pain. 2025-10-14T18:50:51Z Class based on the COHRA 'FearOfMinorPain' score sum slot. fear of minor pain question Apathological bodily process experienced as a feeling of sickness or discomfort in the stomach that may come with an urge to vomit. 2025-04-04T13:29:32Z We're not using the symptom ontology 'nausea' class, since this makes nausea a type of symptom, and this doesn't give a good way of stating what it's a symptom of. We prefer to use a 'symptom of' relation. We also don't like the definition they give of symptom, since symptoms are not necessarily perceived or reported. nausea Apathological bodily process experienced as a feeling of sickness or discomfort in the stomach that may come with an urge to vomit. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/nausea A bodily process in which the rate at which an organism's heart beats increases. 2025-04-04T13:31:33Z obsolete increased heart rate true true http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/EMRO_0000011 A question about an individual's fear of experiencing a severe degree of pain. 2025-10-14T18:51:06Z Class based on the COHRA 'FearOfSeverePain' score sum slot. fear of severe pain question A question about an individual's fear of undergoing a medical procedure. 2025-10-14T18:51:35Z Class based on the COHRA 'FearOfMedical' score sum slot. fear of medical procedure question IDAF-4C+ 1 question asking to what degree respondants agree they feel anxious shortly before going to the dentist. 2025-10-22T16:50:58Z IDAF-4C+ 1a. I feel anxious shortly before going to the dentist. true IDAF-4C+ 1 question asking to what degree respondants agree they generally avoid going to the dentist due to this being an unpleasant or distressing experience. 2025-10-22T16:53:04Z IDAF-4C+ 1b. I generally avoid going to the dentist because I find the experience unpleasant or distressing. true IDAF-4C+ 1 question asking to what degree respondants agree they get nervous or edgy about upcoming dental visits. 2025-10-22T16:53:57Z IDAF-4C+ 1c. I get nervous or edgy about upcoming dental visits. IDAF-4C+ 1 question asking to what degree respondants agree they believe something really bad would happen to themself if they go ti the dentist. 2025-10-22T16:54:38Z IDAF-4C+ 1d. I think that something really bad would happen to me if I were to visit a dentist. IDAF-4C+ 1 question asking to what degree respondants agree they feel afraid or fearful when they go to the dentist. 2025-10-22T16:55:08Z IDAF-4C+ 1e. I feel afraid or fearful when visiting the dentist. true IDAF-4C+ 1 question asking to what degree respondants agree their heart beats faster when they go to the dentist. 2025-10-22T16:55:42Z IDAF-4C+ 1f. My heart beats faster when I go to the dentist. true IDAF-4C+ 1 question asking to what degree respondants agree they delay making appointments to visit the dentist. 2025-10-22T16:56:12Z IDAF-4C+ 1g. I delay making appointments to go to the dentist. true IDAF-4C+ 1 question asking to what degree respondants agree they often think about things that might go wrong before they go to the dentist. 2025-10-22T16:57:09Z IDAF-4C+ 1h. I often think about all the things that might go wrong prior to going to the dentist. true IDAF-4C+ 2 question asking if respondants agree they either actively avoid going to the dentist or endure it with intense fear or anxiety. 2025-10-22T16:59:39Z IDAF-4C+ 2a. Going to the dentist is actively avoided or else endured with intense fear or anxiety. true IDAF-4C+ 2 question asking if respondants agree their fear of going to the dentist has been present for at least 6 months. 2025-10-22T17:00:11Z IDAF-4C+ 2b. My fear of going to the dentist has been present for at least 6 months. IDAF-4C+ 2 question asking if respondants agree their fear, anxiety, or avoidance of going to the dentist significantly affects their life. 2025-10-22T17:01:12Z IDAF-4C+ 2c. My fear, anxiety or avoidance of going to the dentist significantly affects my life in some way (dental pain, avoiding eating some foods, embarrassed or self-conscious about appearance of teeth or mouth, etc.). true true IDAF-4C+ 2 question asking if respondants agree they are afraid of going to the dentist due to being concerned they may have a panic attack. 2025-10-22T17:35:33Z IDAF-4C+ 2d. I am afraid of going to the dentist because I am concerned I may have a panic attack (abrupt fear with sweating, pounding heart, fear of dying or losing control, chest pain etc.). true IDAF-4C+ 2 question asking if respondants agree they are afraid of going to the dentist due to being generally highly self-conscious or concerned about being watched or judged in social situations. 2025-10-22T17:36:30Z IDAF-4C+ 2e. I am afraid of going to the dentist because I am generally highly self-conscious or concerned about being watched or judged in social situations. true IDAF-4C+ 3 question asking to what extent respondants are anxious about painful or uncomfortable procedures when going to the dentist. 2025-10-22T17:38:15Z IDAF-4C+ 3a. Painful or uncomfortable procedures. true IDAF-4C+ 3 question asking to what extent respondants are anxious about feeling embarrassed or ashamed when going to the dentist. 2025-10-22T17:38:45Z IDAF-4C+ 3b. Feeling embarrassed or ashamed. true true IDAF-4C+ 3 question asking to what extent respondants are anxious about not being in control of what is happening when going to the dentist. 2025-10-22T17:39:05Z IDAF-4C+ 3c. Not being in control of what is happening. true IDAF-4C+ 3 question asking to what extent respondants are anxious about feeling sick, quesy or disgusted when going to the dentist. 2025-10-22T17:39:29Z IDAF-4C+ 3d. Feeling sick, quesy or disgusted. IDAF-4C+ 3 question asking to what extent respondants are anxious about numbness caused by the anesthetic when going to the dentist. 2025-10-22T17:39:53Z IDAF-4C+ 3e. Numbness caused by the anesthetic. IDAF-4C+ 3 question asking to what extent respondants are anxious about not knowing what the dentist is going to do when going to the dentist. 2025-10-22T17:40:25Z IDAF-4C+ 3f. Not knowing what the dentist is going to do. IDAF-4C+ 3 question asking to what extent respondants are anxious about the cost of dental treatment when going to the dentist. 2025-10-22T17:40:47Z IDAF-4C+ 3g. The cost of dental treatment. IDAF-4C+ 3 question asking to what extent respondants are anxious about needles or injections when going to the dentist. 2025-10-22T17:41:09Z IDAF-4C+ 3h. Needles or injections. true IDAF-4C+ 3 question asking to what extent respondants are anxious about gagging or choking when going to the dentist. 2025-10-22T17:41:26Z IDAF-4C+ 3i. Gagging or choking. true IDAF-4C+ 3 question asking to what extent respondants are anxious about having an unsympathetic or unkind dentist when going to the dentist. 2025-10-22T17:41:48Z IDAF-4C+ 3j. Having an unsympathetic or unkind dentist. true IDAF-4C+ question asking about the degree to which respondants agree with some questions. 2025-10-22T17:42:29Z IDAF-4C+ 1. How much do you agree with the following statements? IDAF-4C+ question asking whether or not some statements are true of the respondants. 2025-10-22T17:44:27Z IDAF-4C+ 2. Do the following statements apply to you? IDAF-4C+ question asking about the extent to which respondants are anxious about some phenomena in the context of visiting the dentist. 2025-10-22T17:45:44Z IDAF-4C+ 3. To what extent are you anxious about the following things when you go the dentist. A tooth cleaning process that relies on the use of dental floss or thread to clean and remove plaque between teeth and below the gumline. 2026-07-05T23:49:42Z dental flossing A tooth cleaning process that relies on the use of dental floss or thread to clean and remove plaque between teeth and below the gumline. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_floss https://www.tabers.com/tabersonline/view/Tabers-Dictionary/729945/0/floss?q=TO A fear process that occurs during dental care, such as during a tooth restoration procedure. 2026-09-01T17:42:03Z dental care-related fear process An anxiety process that is in response to some perceived future dental-related threat, such as an upcoming dental appointment or pain anticipated as part of a dental procedure. 2026-09-01T17:42:15Z dental care-related anxiety process A question asking about an individual's experience with embarrassment, or lack thereof. 2026-09-02T17:25:57Z question about embarrassment true OBSOLETE. Pain originating in the orofacial region, which includes the mouth and face. PMID:32103673 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PAIN_0000090 2025-04-04T15:42:46Z obsolete orofacial pain true OBSOLETE. Orofacial pain caused by lesions or disorders affecting one or more teeth or their immediately surrounding and supporting structures: the tooth pulp, periodontium and gingivae. PMID:32103673 2025-04-04T15:48:49Z ICOP term 1.1 obsolete dental pain true OBSOLETE. Dental pain caused by a lesion or disorder involving the tooth pulp. PMID:32103673 https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102419893823 2025-04-04T15:57:09Z ICOP term 1.1.1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001754 obsolete pulpal pain true OBSOLETE. Orofacial pain involving the masticatory muscles. PMID:32103673 https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102419893823 2025-04-08T14:15:24Z ICOP term: 2. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FMA_74060 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003681 obsolete myofascial orofacial pain true OBSOLETE. Orofacial pain involving the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). PMID:32103673 https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102419893823 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PAIN_0000000 2025-04-08T14:26:28Z http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003700 obsolete temporomandibular joint pain true OBSOLETE. Dental pain caused by a lesion or disorder involving the periodontium. PMID:32103673 https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102419893823 2025-04-08T14:31:12Z periodontal pain due to local non-inflammatory cause ICOP term: 1.1.2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001758 related ICOP number: 1.1.2.2 obsolete periodontal pain true OBSOLETE. Dental pain caused by a lesion or disorder involving the gingival tissues. PMID:32103673 2025-04-08T14:34:14Z ICOP term: 1.1.3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001828 obsolete gingival pain true OBSOLETE. Dental pain due to a lesion or disorder involving the jaw bone tissue. PMID:32103673 https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102419893823 2025-04-08T14:38:30Z mandible pain maxilla pain ICOP term: 1.2.3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0012360 obsolete jaw bone pain true OBSOLETE. Pulpal pain due to hypersensitivity occurring in clinically normal pulp. PMID:32103673 https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102419893823 2025-06-05T14:10:57Z ICOP term: 1.1.1.1 contributing factor: sensory hypersensitivity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001754 obsolete pulpal pain due to hypersensitivity true A disposition to decreased tolerance to sensory stimuli that triggers emotional or physical distress. A disposition to decreased tolerance to sensory stimuli that triggers emotional or physical distress. 2025-06-05T14:17:34Z sensory hypersensitivity A tooth fracture involving a crack in the enamel which may or may not involve exposure of dentin. A crack typically appears as a line on the surface of the tooth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-05T14:26:09Z crack in enamel Sensory hypersensitivity involving a tooth. Sensory hypersensitivity involving a tooth. 2025-06-05T14:34:40Z dental sensory hypersensitivity Dental sensory hypersensitivity related a crack in the enamel of a tooth. Dental sensory hypersensitivity related a crack in the enamel of a tooth. 2025-06-05T14:40:56Z sensory hypersensitivity due to crack in enamel OBSOLETE. Pulpal pain due to hypersensitivity resulting from a crack or incomplete fracture of the affected tooth, involving the enamel with at least one of the following: sharp pain upon biting, pain on release of occlusal biting pressure or external application of force, or cold hypersensitivity. PMID:32103673 https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102419893823 2025-06-05T14:48:49Z ICOP term: 1.1.1.1.1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001754 obsolete pulpal pain due to crack in enamel true Dentin hypersensitivity related to exposed dentin on a tooth. Dentin hypersensitivity related to exposed dentin on a tooth. 2025-06-05T14:53:38Z dentine hypersensitivity due to exposed dentine dentin hypersensitivity due to exposed dentin OBSOLETE. Pulpal pain due to hypersensistivity resulting from an exposed dentin surface. PMID:32103673 https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102419893823 2025-06-05T14:57:43Z ICOP term: 1.1.1.1.2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001754 obsolete pulpal pain due to exposed dentin true Dentin hypersensitivity related to wear or abrasion of a tooth resulting in exposed dentin. Dentin hypersensitivity related to wear or abrasion of a tooth resulting in exposed dentin. 2025-06-05T15:03:12Z dentin hypersensitivity due to tooth wear or abrasion OBSOLETE. Pulpal pain due to exposed dentin resulting from wear or abrasion on the affected tooth. PMID:32103673 https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102419893823 2025-06-05T15:06:33Z ICOP term: 1.1.1.1.2.1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001754 obsolete pulpal pain due to tooth wear or abrasion true Dentin hypersensitivity due to exposed dentin resulting from a tooth fracture. Dentin hypersensitivity due to exposed dentin resulting from a tooth fracture. 2025-06-05T15:17:38Z dentin hypersensitivity due to a fracture resulting in exposed dentin OBSOLETE. Pulpal pain due to exposed dentin resulting from a fracture of the affected tooth involving the enamel, root cementum, dentin, or any combination thereof. PMID:32103673 https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102419893823 2025-06-05T15:21:45Z ICOP term: 1.1.1.1.2.2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001754 obsolete pulpal pain due to a fracture resulting in exposed dentin true Pulpitis that has not yet progressed to being permanent. Pulpitis that has not yet progressed to being permanent. PMID:32103673 reversible pulpitis reversible pulpitis Periodontitis due to injury occuring because of an operation. Periodontitis due to injury occuring because of an operation. PMID:32103673 2025-06-19T18:48:48Z periodontitis due to operation OBSOLETE. Pain due to a disease or disorder involving the oral mucosa. PMID:32103673 2025-06-06T20:08:07Z obsolete oral mucosal pain true OBSOLETE. Pain due to a lesion or disorder involving the salivary glands. PMID:32103673 2025-06-06T20:10:46Z salivary gland pain due to other cause related ICOP number: 1.2.2.5 obsolete salivary gland pain true OBSOLETE. Gingival pain due to gingival inflammation. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T17:57:43Z gingival pain due to gingival inflammation resulting from another cause related ICOP number: 1.1.3.1.5 obsolete gingival pain due to gingivitis true A gingival disorder involving inflammation of the gingival tissue. A gingival disorder involving inflammation of the gingival tissue. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T17:58:35Z gingivitis Gingivitis due to an infection. Gingivitis due to an infection. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T18:08:21Z gingivitis due to infection OBSOLETE. Gingival pain due to gingivitis due to an infection of the gingival tissue. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T18:15:01Z obsolete gingival pain due to infection true A tooth disorder invovling the exposure of dental pulp. A tooth disorder invovling the exposure of dental pulp. PMID:32103673 2025-06-23T19:47:27Z exposed dental pulp Gingivitis due to a bacterial infection. Gingivitis due to a bacterial infection. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T18:30:06Z gingivitis due to bacterial infection OBSOLETE. Gingival pain due to infection resulting form bacteria. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T18:37:15Z obsolete gingival pain due to bacterial infection true An infectious disorder caused by viruses. An infectious disorder caused by viruses. 2025-06-10T18:41:27Z viral infection Gingivitis due to a viral infection. Gingivitis due to a viral infection. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T18:44:24Z gingivitis due to viral infection OBSOLETE. Gingival pain due to infection resulting from a virus. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T18:45:56Z obsolete gingival pain due to viral infection true An infectious disorder caused by fungi. An infectious disorder caused by fungi. 2025-06-10T19:01:22Z fungal infection Gingivitis due to a fungal infection. Gingivitis due to a fungal infection. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T19:02:08Z gingivitis due to fungal infection OBSOLETE. Gingival pain due to infection resulting from a fungus. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T19:03:53Z obsolete gingival pain due to fungal infection true OBSOLETE. Salivary gland pain due to infection of the salivary glands. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T19:25:03Z obsolete salivary gland pain due to infection true OBSOLETE. Salivary gland pain due to bacterial infection. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T19:27:44Z obsolete salivary gland pain due to bacterial infection true OBSOLETE. Salivary gland pain due to viral infection. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T19:29:37Z obsolete salivary gland pain due to viral infection true OBSOLETE. Oral mucosal pain due to oral mucosal inflammation resulting from an infection of the oral mucosa. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T19:33:29Z ICOP term: 1.2.1.1.2 obsolete oral mucosal pain due to infection true OBSOLETE. Oral mucosa pain due to inflamation of the oral mucosa, with pain that has developed in close temporal relation to the inflammation. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T19:36:10Z oral mucosal pain due to oral mucosal inflammation due to other cause related ICOP number: 1.2.1.1.5 obsolete oral mucosal pain due to oral mucosal inflammation true An inflammatory response causing inflammation in the oral mucosa. An inflammatory response causing inflammation in the oral mucosa. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T19:39:13Z oral mucosal inflammation Oral mucosal inflammation occuring due to an infection within the oral mucosa. Oral mucosal inflammation occuring due to an infection within the oral mucosa. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T19:44:06Z oral mucosal inflammation due to infection Oral mucosal inflammation occuring due to a bacterial infection within the oral mucosa. Oral mucosal inflammation occuring due to a bacterial infection within the oral mucosa. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T19:51:14Z oral mucosal inflammation due to bacterial infection OBSOLETE. Oral mucosal pain due to bacterial infection. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T19:54:47Z obsolete oral mucosal pain due to bacterial infection true Oral mucosal inflammation occuring due to a viral infection within the oral mucosa. Oral mucosal inflammation occuring due to a viral infection within the oral mucosa. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T19:57:38Z oral mucosal inflammation due to viral infection OBSOLETE. Oral mucosal pain due to viral infection. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T19:59:20Z ICOP term: 1.2.1.1.2.2 obsolete oral mucosal pain due to viral infection true Oral mucosal inflammation occuring due to a fungal infection within the oral mucosa. Oral mucosal inflammation occuring due to a viral infection within the oral mucosa. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T20:03:18Z oral mucosal inflammation due to fungal infection OBSOLETE. Oral mucosal pain due to fungal infection. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T20:04:32Z obsolete oral mucosal pain due to fungal infection true OBSOLETE. Jaw bone pain due to an infection of the jaw bone. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T17:28:40Z obsolete jaw bone pain due to infection true OBSOLETE. Jaw bone pain due to a bacterial infection in the jaw bone. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T17:30:16Z obsolete jaw bone pain due to bacterial infection true OBSOLETE. Jaw bone pain due to a viral infection in the jaw bone. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T17:31:51Z obsolete jaw bone pain due to viral infection true OBSOLETE. Jaw bone pain due to a fungal infection in the jaw bone. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T17:33:07Z obsolete jaw bone pain due to fungal infection true Gingivitis caused by structural damage to the gingival tissue from an external force. Gingivitis caused by structural damage to the gingival tissue from an external force. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T17:45:20Z gingivitis due to injury OBSOLETE. Gingival pain due to gingivitis due to resulting from trauma or injury with pain localizaed to the traumatized tissue that develops within minutes or days after the trauma. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T17:49:38Z obsolete gingival pain due to injury true Oral mucosal inflammation caused by structural damage to the oral mucosa from an external force. Oral mucosal inflammation caused by structural damage to the oral mucosa from an external force. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T17:53:05Z oral mucosal inflammation due to injury OBSOLETE. Oral mucosal pain due to oral mucose inflammation resulting from tauma to the oral mucosa tissue with pain that is localized to the traumatized tissue and developed within minutes to days after the trauma. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T17:54:47Z obsolete oral mucosal pain due to injury true OBSOLETE. Jaw bone pain due to trauma or injury involving the jaw bone. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T17:57:52Z obsolete jaw bone pain due to injury true OBSOLETE. Orofacial pain attributed to lesion or disease of the trigeminal nerve. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T18:05:48Z ICOP numuber: 4.1 obsolete pain due to lesion or disease of the trigeminal nerve true An inflammatory response causing inflammation of the pulpal tissue. An inflammatory response causing inflammation of the pulpal tissue. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T18:15:26Z pulpitis OBSOLETE. Pulpal pain due to diagnosed pulpitis in affected tooth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T18:17:44Z pulpal pain due to pulpitis resulting from another cause related ICOP number: 1.1.1.3.5 obsolete pulpal pain due to pulpitis true A disorder that has not yet progressed to being permanent. 2025-06-11T18:26:01Z reversible disorder A disorder that is permanent. 2025-06-11T18:31:46Z irreversible disorder Pulpitis that is permanent. Pulpitis that is permanent. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T18:32:32Z irreversible pulpitis An infection occuring within the dentin. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T18:46:27Z dentin infection Reverisble pulpitis due to an infection within the dentin. Reverisble pulpitis due to an infection within the dentin. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T18:50:51Z reversible pulpitis due to dentin infection OBSOLETE. Pulpal pain due to pulpitis that is reversible due to an infection in the dentin. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T18:54:11Z obsolete pulpal pain due to reversible pulpitis resulting from a dentin infection true Irreverisble pulpitis due to an infection within the dentin. Irreverisble pulpitis due to an infection within the dentin. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T18:57:00Z irreversible pulpitis due to dentin infection OBSOLETE. Pulpal pain attributed to pulpitis that is reversible due to an infection in the dentin. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T18:59:55Z obsolete pulpal pain due to irreversible pulpitis resulting from a dentin infection true A periodontal disorder that results from inflammation of the periodontium. A periodontal disorder that results from inflammation of the periodontium. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T19:03:19Z periodontitis OBSOLETE. Periodontal pain due to periodontal inflammation PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T19:06:58Z obsolete periodontal pain due to periodontitis true Periodontitis caused by structural damage to the periodontium from an external force. Periodontitis caused by structural damage to the periodontium from an external force. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T19:56:24Z periodontitis due to injury OBSOLETE. Periodontal pain attributed to periodontitis because of trauma or injury that has occured to the periodontal tissue. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T19:58:44Z periodontal pain due to other trauma or injury related ICOP term: 1.1.2.1.1.4 obsolete periodontal pain due to injury-induced periodontitis true A tooth disorder resulting in a developmental defect of a tooth involving the enamel, root cementum or dentin. PMID:32103673 2025-06-12T16:47:16Z developmental dental hard tissue defect Dentin hypersensitivity due to exposed dentin resulting from a developmental dental hard tissue defect. dentin hypersensitivity due to exposed dentin resulting from a developmental dental hard tissue defect. 2025-06-12T16:52:56Z dentin hypersensitivity due to developmental dental hard tissue defect OBSOLETE. Pulpal pain due to a developmental defect of the affected tooth involving the enamel, root cementum, or dentin. PMID:32103673 2025-06-12T16:56:25Z obsolete pulpal pain due to developmental dental hard tissue defect true Dentin hypersensitivity related to a dental procedure. 2025-06-12T17:28:02Z dentin hypersensitivity due to dental procedure OBSOLETE. Pulpal pain due to hypersensitivity resulting from a recent dental procedure to the affected tooth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-12T17:30:59Z obsolete pulpal pain due to dental procedure true Dental caries that have not extended into the dental pulp. 2025-06-12T18:00:10Z dental caries not extending to the pulp Reversible pulpitis due dental caries that have not extended to the dental pulp. Reversible pulpitis due dental caries that have not extended to the dental pulp. PMID:32103673 2025-06-12T18:12:50Z reversible pulpitis due to dental caries not extending to the pulp OBSOLETE. Pulpal pain cuased by reversible pulpitis due to an infection of the dentin with no clinical or radiographic evidence of extension to the pulp. PMID:32103673 2025-06-12T18:16:30Z obsolete pulpal pain due to reversible pulpitis resulting from caries not extending to the pulp true Reversible pulpitis dental hard-tissue fracture involving exposed dentin. Reversible pulpitis dental hard-tissue fracture involving exposed dentin. PMID:32103673 2025-06-12T18:26:48Z reversible pulpitis due to dental hard tissue fracture with exposed dentin OBSOLETE. Pulpal pain caused by reversible pulpitis due to infection of the dentin with clinical and/or radiographic evidence of a fracture of the following in the affected tooth, with exposure of dentin: enamel alone, enamel and dentin, root cementum alone, root cementum and dentin, enamel, or root cementum and dentin. PMID:32103673 2025-06-12T18:39:15Z obsolete pulpal pain due to reversible pulpitis resulting from dental hard-tissue defect with exposed dentin true Dental caries that have extended into the dental pulp. 2025-06-12T19:01:28Z dental caries extending to the pulp Irreversible pulpitis due dental caries that have extended into the dental pulp. PMID:32103673 2025-06-12T19:09:08Z irreversible pulpitis due to dental caries extending to the pulp OBSOLETE. Pulpal pain attributed to irreversible pulpitis due to infection of dentin because of deep caries in the affected tooth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-12T19:15:53Z obsolete pulpal due to irreversible pulpitis resulting from caries extending to the pulp true OBSOLETE. Periodontal pain due to traumatically induced periodontal inflammation which has been caused by surgical intervention. PMID:32103673 2025-06-19T18:52:23Z obsolete postoperative periodontal pain true Periodontitis occuring around the apex of the affected tooth. Periodontitis occuring around the apex of the affected tooth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-19T19:04:30Z apical periodontitis A mouth disease occuring within the tooth pulp. 2025-06-19T19:08:06Z endodontic disease Apical periodontitis occuring because of a diagnosed endodontic disease. Apical periodontitis occuring because of a diagnosed endodontic disease. PMID:32103673 2025-06-19T19:09:00Z apical periodontitis due to endodontic disease OBSOLETE. Periodontal pain due to periodontits that is apical occuring becayse of an endodontic disease. PMID:32103673 2025-06-19T19:11:03Z obsolete periodontal pain due to apical periodontitis resulting from endodontic disease true Exposed dental pulp occuring because of some dental injury. PMID:32103673 2025-06-23T19:50:16Z Exposed dental pulp occuring because of some dental injury. exposed dental pulp due to dental injury OBSOLETE. Pulpal pain due to dental trauma that has exposes vital pulp tissue in the affected tooth because of any of the following: fracture involving enamel, dentin and pulp (complicated crown fracture), fracture involving root cementum, dentin and pulp (complicated root fracture), and fracture involving enamel, root cementum, dentin and pulp (complicated crown-root fracture) and occurs within minutes to hours after the trauma. PMID:32103673 2025-06-23T19:54:50Z obsolete pulpal pain due to pulp exposure resulting from dental trauma true A tooth fracture that is not complete, meaning the tooth is still intact. PMID:32103673 2025-06-23T20:10:14Z tooth crack A tooth crack that does not involve any loss of enamel or dentin. PMID:32103673 2025-06-23T20:12:54Z tooth crack without evidence of missing tooth substance An infectious disorder caused by bacteria. An infectious disorder caused by bacteria. 2025-06-16T14:52:46Z bacterial infection An infection that occurs within the dental pulp. PMID:32103673 2025-06-16T18:25:26Z dental pulp infection Irreversible pulpitis occuring due to an infection within the dental pulp. Irreversible pulpitis occuring due to an infection within the dental pulp. PMID:32103673 2025-06-16T18:27:39Z irreversible pulpitis due to dental pulp infection OBSOLETE. Pulpal pain due to irreversible pulpitis caused by an infection in the pulp of the affected tooth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-16T18:30:41Z obsolete pulpal pain due to irreversible pulpitis resulting from an infection of the dental pulp true A mouth disease occuring within the periodontium. A mouth disease occuring within the periodontium. 2025-06-16T18:34:32Z periodontal disease Periodontitis resulting from a disease within the periodontium. PMID:32103673 2025-06-16T18:37:16Z periodontitis due to periodontal disease OBSOLETE. Periodontal pain due to periodontitis resulting from a periodontal disease that has been diagnosed. PMID:32103673 2025-06-16T18:38:33Z obsolete periodontal pain due to periodontal disease true Periodontitis that invovles slowly progressing attachment loss, sometimes with periods of more rapid progression. Periodontitis that invovles slowly progressing attachment loss, sometimes with periods of more rapid progression. PMID:32103673 2025-06-16T18:42:35Z chronic periodontitis Periodontal disease resulting from chronic periodontitis. 2025-06-16T18:44:27Z periodontal disease due to chronic periodontitis OBSOLETE. Periodontal pain due to periodontal disease resulting from chronic periodontitis. Chronic periodontitis is characterized by slowly progressing attachment loss, sometimes with periods of more rapid progression. PMID:32103673 2025-06-16T18:46:46Z obsolete periodontal pain due to chronic periodontitis true OBSOLETE. Pulpal pain due to a dental procedure involving a recent placement of a direct or indirect dental restoration in the affected tooth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-17T18:03:25Z obsolete pulpal pain due to placement of a restoration true Reversible pulpitits due to a tooth crack without evidence of missing tooth substances. Reversible pulpitits due to a tooth crack without evidence of missing tooth substances. PMID:32103673 2025-06-23T20:17:04Z reversible pulpitis due to tooth crack without evidence of missing tooth substance OBSOLETE. Pulpal pain caused by reversible pulpitis due to infection of dentin because of a crack or incomplete fracture of the affected tooth, involving the enamel or enamel and dentin. Has evidence of at least one of the following: sharp pain upon biting, pain on release of occlusal biting pressure or external application of force, and cold hypersensitivity. PMID:32103673 2025-06-23T20:21:16Z obsolete pulpal pain due to reversible pulpitis resulting from tooth crack without evidence of missing tooth substance. true Periodontitis characterized by rapidly progressing attachment loss and, sometimes, onset at a young age. PMID:32103673 2025-06-17T18:35:54Z aggressive periodontitis Periodontal disease resulting from aggressive periodontitis. Periodontal disease resulting from aggressive periodontitis. 2025-06-17T18:38:52Z periodontal disease due to aggressive periodontitis OBSOLETE. Periodontal pain due to periodontal disease resulitng from aggressive periodontitis. PMID:32103673 2025-06-17T18:40:51Z obsolete periodontal pain due to aggressive periodontitis true Periodontitis that causes soft tissue destruction, as well as loss of attachment and alveolar bone. PMID:32103673 2025-06-17T18:44:54Z necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis Periodontal disease resulting from necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis. Periodontal disease resulting from necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis. 2025-06-17T18:50:48Z periodontal disease due to necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis OBSOLETE. Periodontal pain due to periodontal disease resulting from necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, with the development of pain within hours to days of onset of the ulcerations. PMID:32103673 2025-06-17T18:55:03Z ICOP term: 1.1.2.1.3.4 obsolete periodontal pain due to necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis true A mouth disorder that is part of the gingival tissue. A mouth disorder that is part of the gingival tissue. 2025-06-18T17:06:36Z gingival disorder A mouth disorder that is part of the mucosa. A mouth disorder that is part of the mucosa. 2025-06-18T17:16:52Z oral mucosal disorder A mouth disorder that is part of the periodontium. A mouth disorder that is part of the periodontium. 2025-06-18T17:20:17Z periodontal disorder OBSOLETE. Temporomandibular pain localized to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), occurring at rest or during jaw movement or palpation, with no known causative disorder. The diagnosis corresponds fully to the DC/TMD diagnosis temporomandibular joint pain. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:28:17Z obsolete primary temporomandibular joint pain true OBSOLETE. Primary temporomandibular joint pain with onset within the last 3 months. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:29:46Z obsolete acute primary temporomandibular joint pain true OBSOLETE. Primary temporomandibular pain with onset more than 3 months. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:31:29Z obsolete chronic primary temporomandibular joint pain true OBSOLETE. Chronic primary temporomandibular joint pain occuring less than one day a month. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:34:26Z obsolete chronic infrequent primary temporomandibular joint pain true OBSOLETE. Chronic primary temporomandibular joint pain occuring one to 14 days a month for an avergae of more than 3 months. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:35:41Z obsolete chronic frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain true OBSOLETE. Chronic frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain with temporomandibular joint palpation pain localizaed to the immediate site of palpatation. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:38:56Z obsolete chronic frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain without pain referral true OBSOLETE. Chronic frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain with TMJ palpatation beyond the area of the joint. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:39:52Z obsolete chronic frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain with pain referral true OBSOLETE. Chronic primary temporomandibular joint pain occuring on more than 15 days a month on average for more than 3 months. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:41:31Z obsolete chronic highly frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain true OBSOLETE. Chronic highly frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain on temporomandibular joint palpation localized to the immediate site of palpation. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:42:50Z obsolete chronic highly frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain without pain referral true OBSOLETE. Chronic highly frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain on temporomandibular joint palpation beyond the area of the joint. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:44:03Z obsolete chronic highly frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain with pain referral true OBSOLETE. Pain localized to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and caused by another identified disorder, such as inflammation (due, for example, to trauma, infection, crystal deposition or autoimmune disorder), sensitization of the tissues, structural changes (such as osteoarthrosis, disc displacement or subluxation) or injury. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:46:47Z obsolete secondary temporomandibular joint pain true OBSOLETE. Orofacial pain experienced as unilateral brief electric shock-like pains, abrupt in onset and termination, limited to the distribution of one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve and triggered by innocuous stimuli. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:50:39Z trigeminal neuralgia trigeminal neuralgia attributed to other cause Trigeminal neuralgic pain may develop without apparent cause or be a result of another disorder. Additionally, there may or may not be concomitant continuous pain of moderate intensity within the affected division(s). related ICOP number: 4.1.1.2.3 obsolete trigeminal neuralgic pain true OBSOLETE. Trigeminal neuralgia developing without apparent cause other than neurovascular compression. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:51:40Z obsolete classic trigeminal neuralgia true OBSOLETE. Trigeminal neuralgia caused by an underlying disease. Clinical examination shows sensory changes in a substantial percentage of these patients. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:53:30Z obsolete secondary trigeminal neuralgia true OBSOLETE. Orofacial pain attributed to lesion or disease of the glossopharyngeal nerve. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:55:16Z glossopharyngeal nerve associated pain obsolete pain due to lesion or disease of the glossopharyngeal nerve true OBSOLETE. A disorder characterized by unilateral brief stabbing pain, abrupt in onset and termination, in the distributions not only of the glossopharyngeal nerve but also of the auricular and pharyngeal branches of the vagus nerve. Pain is experienced in the ear, base of the tongue, tonsillar fossa and/or beneath the angle of the jaw. It is commonly provoked by swallowing, talking or coughing and may remit and relapse in the fashion of Trigeminal neuralgia. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:56:55Z obsolete glossopharyngeal neuralgia true OBSOLETE. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia with recurrent paroxysms of unilateral pain with the demonstration of magnetic resonance imaging. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:58:02Z obsolete classical glossopharyngeal neuralgia true OBSOLETE. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia caused by an underlying disease. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:59:32Z obsolete secondary glossopharyngeal neuralgia true OBSOLETE. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia with recurrent paroxysms of unilateral pain without neurovascular compression or an underlying disease know to cause secondary glossopharyngeal neuralgia. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T18:01:40Z obsolete idiopathic glossopharyngeal neuralgia true OBSOLETE. Pulpal pain due to a dental procedure involving a restorative procedure which has caused the affected tooth to be in hyperocclusion or hyperarticulation. PMID:32103673 2025-06-24T15:28:57Z obsolete pulpal pain due to hyperocclusion or hyperarticulation following dental restorative procedure true OBSOLETE. Pulpal pain due to a dental procedure involving a restorative procedure which has caused the affected tooth to be in hyperocclusion. PMID:32103673 2025-06-24T15:29:21Z obsolete pulpal pain due to hyperocclusion following dental restorative procedure true OBSOLETE. Pulpal pain due to a dental procedure involving a restorative procedure which has caused the affected tooth to be in hyperarticulation. PMID:32103673 2025-06-24T15:29:40Z obsolete pulpal pain due to hyperarticulation following dental restorative procedure true OBSOLETE. Pain that is onset within the last 3 months http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PAIN_0000053 2025-06-25T18:14:29Z obsolete acute pain true OBSOLETE. Pain that is onset for more than three months. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PAIN_0000040 2025-06-25T18:15:03Z obsolete chronic pain true OBSOLETE. Orofacial pain due to lesisoin or disease of the cranial nerves. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T18:18:22Z obsolete orofacial pain due to lesion or disease of the cranial nerves true A tooth disorder resulting in a tooth making excessive contact with an opposing tooth, enroaching on the intercostal space. A tooth disorder resulting in a tooth making excessive contact with and opposing tooth, enroaching on the intercostal space. 2025-06-25T18:29:47Z hyperocclusion 2025-06-25T18:32:17Z hyperarticulation Hyperocclusion occuring after a dental restorative procedure. Hyperocclusion occuring after a dental restorative procedure. 2025-06-25T18:49:54Z hyperocclusion following dental restorative procedure Hyperarticulation occuring after a dental restoative procedure. Hyperarticulation occuring after a dental restoative procedure. 2025-06-25T18:50:29Z hyperarticulation following dental restorative procedure OBSOLETE. Pulpal pain due to a dental procedure resulting in the removal of dentin from the affected tooth, which was wide, deep, or both. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T18:55:26Z obsolete pulpal pain due to extensive removal of dentin true An injury occuring within the the tooth pulp, periodontium or gingivae. An injury occuring within the the tooth pulp, periodontium or gingivae. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T18:59:05Z dental injury A tooth fracture occuring within the enamel, root cementum, or dentin. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T19:11:48Z dental hard tissue fracture A dental hard tissue fracture that does not involve the exposure of dental pulp. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T19:13:46Z dental hard tissue fracture without pulp exposure Irreversible pulpitis due to a dental hard tissue fracture without pulp exposure. Irreversible pulpitis due to a dental hard tissue fracture without pulp exposure. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T19:15:09Z irreversible pulpitis due to dental hard tissue fracture without pulp exposure OBSOLETE. Pulpal pain attributed to irreversible pulpitis due to infection of dentin with evidence of a fracture in one of the following: enamel and dentin (uncomplicated crown fracture), root cementum and dentin (uncomplicated root fracture), or enamel, root cementum and dentin (uncomplicated crown-root fracture). PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T19:18:31Z obsolete pulpal pain due to irreversible pulpitis resulting from a dental hard-tissue fracture without pulp exposure true Reversible pulpitis due to dentin infection occuring because of a tooth crack Reversible pulpitis due to dentin infection occuring because of a tooth crack PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T19:22:26Z reversible pulpitis due to tooth crack Irreversible pulpitis due to dentin infection occuring becayse of a dental hard tissude fracture. Irreversible pulpitis due to dentin infection occuring becayse of a dental hard tissude fracture. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T19:23:53Z irreversible pulpitis due to dental hard tissue fracture Reversible pulpitis due to dentin infection resulting from a dental hard tissue fracture. Reversible pulpitis due to dentin infection resulting from a dental hard tissue fracture. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T19:26:50Z reversible pulpitis due to dental hard tissue fracture Dental hard tissue fracture involving the enamel, root cementum, dentin, or any combination thereof and resulting in exposed dentin. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T19:30:44Z dental hard tissue fracture with exposed dentin true Reversible pulpitis due to dentin infection occuring because of dental caries. Reversible pulpitis due to dentin infection occuring because of dental caries. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T19:34:08Z reversible pulpitis due to dental caries Irreversible pulpitis due to dentin infection occuring because of dental caries. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T19:35:31Z irreversible pulpitis due to dental caries Irreversible pulpitis due to a dentin infection occuring because of a tooth crack. Irreversible pulpitis due to a dentin infection occuring because of a tooth crack. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T19:38:43Z irreversible pulpitis due to tooth crack Irreversible pulpitits due to a tooth crack without evidence of missing tooth substances. Irreversible pulpitits due to a tooth crack without evidence of missing tooth substances. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T19:39:40Z irreversible pulpitis due to tooth crack without evidence of missing tooth substance OBSOLETE. Pulpal pain attributed to irreversible pulpitis due to infection of dentin because of a crack or incompletel fracture in the enamel or enamel dentin, along with at least one of the following: sharp pain upon biting, pain on release of occlusal biting pressure or external application of force, and cold hypersensitivity. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T19:41:39Z obsolete pulpal pain due to irreversible pulpitis resulting from tooth crack without evidence of missing tooth substance true A dental hard tissue fracture that does involve the exposure of dental pulp. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T19:55:44Z dental hard tissue fracture with pulp exposure Irreversible pulpitis due to dental pulp infection uccring because of a dental hard tissue fracture involving the exposure of dental pulp. Irreversible pulpitis due to dental pulp infection uccring because of a dental hard tissue fracture involving the exposure of dental pulp. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T19:57:58Z irreversible pulpitis due to dental hard tissue fracture with pulp exposure OBSOLETE. Pulpal pain attirbuted to irreversible pulpitis due to infection of the dental pulp with evidence of a fracture in one of the following: enamel and dentin (uncomplicated crown fracture), root cementum and dentin (uncomplicated root fracture), or enamel, root cementum and dentin (uncomplicated crown-root fracture) along with pain that has developed in close temporal relation to the fracture with pain developing in close temporal relation to the fracture. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T19:59:42Z obsolete pulpal pain due to irreversible pulpitis resulting from a dental hard-tissue fracture with pulp exposure true A pathological bodily process that abnormally occurs when dentin is resorbed by osteoclastic activity. A pathological bodily process that abnormally occurs when dentin is resorbed by osteoclastic activity. 2025-06-26T18:19:19Z external cervical root resorption process OBSOLETE. Pulpal pain attributed to pulpitis with an external cervical root resorption with pain that has developed in temporal relation to onset of the resorption. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:22:36Z obsolete pulpal pain due to pulpitis resulting from an external cervical root resorption true OBSOLETE. Periodontal pain attributed to traumatically induced periodontal inflammation because of a change in occlusal conditions that has occurred, with resultant hyperocclusion or hyperarticulation identified by at least one of the following: primary contact affecting a tooth in occlusion or articulation or hypermobility of a tooth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:26:26Z obsolete periodontal pain due to hyperocclusion or hyperarticulation true OBSOLETE. Periodontal pain attributed to traumatically induced periodontal inflammation because of a change in occlusal conditions that has occurred, with resultant hyperocclusion identified by primary contact affecting a tooth in occlusion or hypermobility of a tooth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:26:36Z obsolete periodontal pain due to hyperocclusion true OBSOLETE. Periodontal pain attributed to traumatically induced periodontal inflammation because of a change in occlusal conditions that has occurred, with resultant hyperarticulation identified by primary contact affecting a tooth in articulation or hypermobility of a tooth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:26:45Z obsolete periodontal pain due to hyperarticulation true OBSOLETE. Periodontal pain attributed to traumatically induced periodontal inflammation because of accidental trauma with evidence of one of the following: concussion, subluxation, lateral luxation, intrusion, extrusion, avulsion, or root fracture. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:31:30Z obsolete periodontal pain due to accidental dental injury true OBSOLETE. Periodontal pain attributed to apical periodontitis due to endodontic disease because of pulpitis that has been diagnosed because of one of the following: evidence of dental disorder involving the affected tooth or vital pulp evidenced by response to pulp vitality testing. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:33:57Z obsolete periodontal pain due to pulpal inflammation true An infectious disorer occuring within the tooth pulp. An infectious disorer occuring within the tooth pulp. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:36:01Z endodontic infection OBSOLETE. Periodontal pain attributed to apical periodontitis due to endodontic disease because of partial or total pulp necrosis and endodontic infection that have been diagnosed by: non-vital pulp, evidenced by either: direct inspection, or non-response to pulp vitality testing or a previously debrided root canal or clinical or radiographic evidence of apical inflammation. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:37:38Z obsolete periodontal pain due to endodontic infection true An endodontic infection occuring within the root canal system of the affected tooth. An endodontic infection occuring within the root canal system of the affected tooth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:41:03Z intraradicular endodontic infection OBSOLETE. Periodontal pain due to endodontic infection resulting from to a tooth that has a root canal infection. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:44:16Z obsolete periodontal pain due to intraradicular endodontic infection true An endodontic infection of extraradicular tissue caused by infection of the pulp spreading to it. 2025-06-26T18:45:35Z extraradicular endodontic infection OBSOLETE. Periodontal pain attributed to endodontic infection due to an extraradicular infection around one or more teeth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:47:51Z obsolete periodontal pain due to extraradicular endodontic infection true OBSOLETE. Periodontal pain due to periodontal disease that results from a systematic disorder. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:53:25Z periodontal pain due to unspecified systemic disorder related ICOP term: 1.1.2.1.3.3.3 obsolete periodontal pain due to periodontitis as a manifestation of a systemic disorder true OBSOLETE. Periodontal pain due to periodontitis as a manifestion of a systematic genetic disorder. Genetic disorders which can result in periodontitis include familial and cyclic neutropenia, Down syndrome, leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndromes, Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome, Chediak–Higashi syndrome, histiocytosis syndromes, glycogen storage disease, infantile genetic agranulocytosis, Cohen syndrome, Ehler–Danlos syndrome (types IV and VIII), and hypophosphatasia. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:54:59Z obsolete periodontal pain due to genetic disorder true A hematological disorder caused by an infectious disorder. A hematological disorder caused by an infectious disorder. 2025-06-26T18:58:07Z The disorder might arise from an infection, but is not necessarily an infection. hematological disorder due to infectious disorder OBSOLETE. Periodontal pain due to periodontitis as a manifestation of a systematic haematological disorder. Haematological disorders which can result in periodontitis include acquired neutropenia and leukaemia. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:59:27Z obsolete periodontal pain due to haematological disorder true OBSOLETE. Periodontal pain due to periodontal disease resulting from either or both of the following: acute inflammation and loss of attatchement, or marginal and periradicular bone resorption. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T19:02:46Z obsolete periodontal pain due to periodontal abscess true An infectious disorder occuring within the periodontium, characterized by a collection of pus. An infectious disorder occuring within the periodontium, characterized by a collection of pus. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T19:07:48Z periodontal abscess A disorder characterized by the presence of malignant cells. A disorder characterized by the presence of malignant cells. 2025-06-26T19:20:29Z malignant lesion OBSOLETE. Gingival pain due to a malignant lesion of the gingival tissues. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T19:22:46Z obsolete gingival pain due to malignant lesion true OBSOLETE. Pain due to a lesion or disorder affecting the non-dental oral and peri-oral tissues: the oral mucosa, the salivary glands and the jaw bone tissues. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T19:24:13Z obsolete oral mucosal, salivary gland and jaw bone pains true A disorder of the hematopoietic system. A disorder of the hematopoietic system. 2025-06-27T14:46:19Z haematological disorder hematological disorder A periodontal disorder resulting in inflammation surronding a dental implant. A periodontal disorder resulting in inflammation surronding a dental implant. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T17:03:00Z peri-implantitis Peri-implantitis resulting from an infectious disorder. Peri-implantitis resulting from an infectious disorder. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T17:05:04Z infective peri-implantitis OBSOLETE. Periodontal paind due to periodontitis, with the exception that it involves an implant and not a natural tooth, resulitng from a peri-implant infection with casuation from anatomical, functional, or temporal association. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T17:05:54Z obsolete periodontal pain due to infective peri-implantitis true Periodontitis affecting the tissue of the affected tooth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T17:08:45Z marginal periodontitis OBSOLETE. Periodontal pain due to periodontitis resulting from partial or total pulp necrosis or periodontal disease. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T17:16:38Z obsolete periodontal pain due to apical and marginal periodontitis resulting from combined endodontic infection and periodontal disease true Exposed dental pulp resulting from dental caries. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T17:27:09Z carious pulp exposure Irreversible pulpitis due to infection of the dental pulp because of deep dental caries in the affected tooth. Irreversible pulpitis due to infection of the dental pulp because of deep dental caries in the affected tooth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T17:31:17Z irreversible pulpitis due to carious pulp exposure and dental pulp infection OBSOLETE. Pulpal pain due to irreversible pulpitis resulting from an infection of the dental pulp because of deep caries in the affected tooth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T17:32:59Z obsolete pulpal pain due to irreversible pulpitis resulting from carious pulp exposure and infection of the pulp true An injury that may be mechanical, thermal, or chemical, and accidental or non-accidental, inflicted by others or self-inflicted. 2025-06-30T17:45:08Z non-iatrogenic injury Oral mucosal inflammation due to an injury that is non-iatrogenic. Oral mucosal inflammation due to an injury that is non-iatrogenic. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T17:46:25Z oral mucosal inflammation due to non-iatrogenic injury OBSOLETE. Oral mucosal pain due to oral mucosal inflammation resulting from non-iatrogenic injury. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T17:47:50Z obsolete oral mucosal pain due to non-iatrogenic injury true Oral mucosal inflammation due to injury resulting from radiation or chemotherapy. Oral mucosal inflammation due to injury resulting from radiation or chemotherapy. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T17:51:49Z oral mucosal inflammation due to radiation or chemotherapy OBSOLETE. Oral mucosal pain due to injury from radiation or chemotherapy PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T17:53:15Z obsolete oral mucosal pain due to radiation or chemotherapy true OBSOLETE. Oral mucoal pain due to meoplasia of the oral mucosa. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T17:57:07Z obsolete oral mucosal pain due to malignant lesion true A mouth disorder that is part of the salivary glands. A mouth disorder that is part of the salivary glands. 2025-06-30T18:02:18Z salivary gland disorder A salivary gland disorder occuring within the parotid glands. A salivary gland disorder occuring within the parotid glands. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:03:40Z parotid disorder A parotid disorder involving inflammation of the parotid glands. A parotid disorder involving inflammation of the parotid glands. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:06:41Z parotitis Parotitis occuring in children ages 2-10 years old and occuring about eight times a year. Parotitis occuring in children ages 2-10 years old and occuring about eight times a year. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:07:42Z recurrent juvenile parotitis OBSOLETE. Salivary gland pain due to recurrent juvenile parotitis. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:10:29Z obsolete salivary gland pain due to recurrent juvenile parotitis true OBSOLETE. Jaw bone pain that results from a primary or seconday malignant lesion. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:16:50Z obsolete jaw bone pain due to malignant lesion true A disorder characterized by a non-cancerous growth. A disorder characterized by a non-cancerous growth. 2025-06-30T18:19:03Z local benign lesion OBSOLETE. Jaw bone pain that results from a local benign lesion. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:22:25Z obsolete jaw bone pain due to local benign lesion true A malignant lesion that is confined to where the malignant cells began. A malignant lesion that is confined to where the malignant cells began. 2025-06-30T18:25:59Z local malignancy OBSOLETE. Jaw bone pain due to a primary malignant lesion. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:27:19Z obsolete jaw bone pain due to local malignancy true A malignant lesion that has spread from where teh malignant cells first began. A malignant lesion that has spread from where teh malignant cells first began. 2025-06-30T18:28:29Z remote malignancy OBSOLETE. Jaw bone pain due to a remote malignant lesion. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:29:32Z obsolete jaw bone pain due to remote malignancy true OBSOLETE. Jaw bone pain due to a theraputic intervention that has resulted in a lesion. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:30:41Z obsolete jaw bone pain due to therapy true OBSOLETE. Pain in masticatory muscles, with or without functional impairment, not attributable to another disorder. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:37:54Z obsolete primary myofascial orofacial pain true OBSOLETE. Mild to moderate levels of deep aching or pressing pain in the masticatory muscles, occurring episodically or unremittingly, often associated with functional impairment such as perceived difficulties in moving the lower jaw, chewing and/or yawning, etc., and with onset within the last 3 months. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:38:53Z obsolete acute primary myofascial orofacial pain true OBSOLETE. Mild to moderate levels of deep aching or pressing pain in the masticatory muscles, occurring episodically or unremittingly, often associated with functional impairment such as perceived difficulties in moving the lower jaw, chewing and/or yawning, etc., and with onset more than 3 months ago. It is often associated with psychosocial distress. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:39:42Z obsolete chronic primary myofascial orofacial pain true OBSOLETE. Chronic primary myofascial orofacial pain occurring on less than one day a month. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:41:37Z obsolete chronic infrequent primary myofascial orofacial pain true OBSOLETE. Chronic primary myofascial pain occurring 1-14 days a month for more than 3 months. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:42:07Z obsolete chronic frequent primary myofascial orofacial pain true Chronic pain that occurs 1-14 days a month. OBSOLETE. Chronic pain that occurs 1-14 days a month. PMID:32103673 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PAIN_0010220 2025-07-01T17:11:00Z chronic frequent pain obsolete chronic frequent pain true Chronic pain that occurs less than one day a month. OBSOLETE. Chronic pain that occurs less than one day a month. PMID:32103673 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PAIN_0010221 2025-07-01T17:13:04Z chronic infrequent pain obsolete chronic infrequent pain true Chronic frequent pain that occurs beyond the affected site. OBSOLETE. Chronic frequent pain that occurs beyond the affected site. PMID:32103673 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PAIN_0010222 2025-07-01T17:14:42Z chronic frequent pain with pain referral obsolete chronic frequent pain with pain referral true Chronic frequent pain that s localized to the affected area. OBSOLETE. Chronic frequent pain that s localized to the affected area. PMID:32103673 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PAIN_0010223 2025-07-01T17:15:41Z chronic frequent pain without pain referral obsolete chronic frequent pain without pain referral true OBSOLETE. Chronic frequent primary myofascial pain with no report of pain at a site beyond the boundary of the muscle (temporalis or masseter) being palpated. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T17:18:27Z obsolete chronic frequent primary myofascial orofacial pain without pain referral true OBSOLETE. Chronic frequent primary myofascial pain with a report of pain at a site beyond the boudary of the muscle being palpated. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T17:20:22Z obsolete chronic frequent primary myofascial orofacial pain with pain referral true Chronic pain that occurs more than 15 days a month for more than 4 months. OBSOLETE. Chronic pain that occurs more than 15 days a month for more than 4 months. PMID:32103673 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PAIN_0010226 2025-07-01T17:22:21Z chronic highly frequent pain obsolete chronic highly frequent pain true OBSOLETE. Chronic primary myofascial pain occuring more than 15 days a month for an average of more than 4 months. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T17:25:28Z obsolete chronic highly frequent primary myofascial orofacial pain true OBSOLETE. Chronic highly frequent primary myofascial orofacial pain with no report of pain at a site beyond the boundary of the muscle (temporalis or masseter) being palpated. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T17:31:39Z obsolete chronic highly frequent primary myofascial orofacial pain without pain referral true Chronic highly frequent pain that is localized to the affected area. OBSOLETE. Chronic highly frequent pain that is localized to the affected area. PMID:32103673 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PAIN_0010229 2025-07-01T17:35:37Z chronic highly frequent pain without pain referral obsolete chronic highly frequent pain without pain referral true Chronic highly frequent pain with pain referral that occurs beyond the affected area. OBSOLETE. Chronic highly frequent pain with pain referral that occurs beyond the affected area. PMID:32103673 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PAIN_0010230 2025-07-01T17:37:56Z chronic highly frequent pain with pain referral obsolete chronic highly frequent pain with pain referral true OBSOLETE. Chronic highly frequent primary myofascial orofascial pain with a report of pain at a site beyond the boundary of the muscle being palpated. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T17:39:54Z obsolete chronic highly frequent primary myofascial orofacial pain with pain referral true OBSOLETE. Myofascial pain caused by an underlying disorder (inflammation, infection or muscle spasm). PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T17:44:16Z obsolete secondary myofascial orofacial pain true OBSOLETE. Pain of tendon origin, affected by jaw movement, function or parafunction and replicated by provocation-testing of the relevant masticatory tendon. Limitation of mandibular movement(s) secondary to pain may be present. The temporalis tendon is a common site of tendonitis and may refer pain to the teeth and other nearby structures. Tendonitis can also occur in other masticatory muscle tendons. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T17:46:19Z obsolete myofascial orofacial pain attributed to tendonitis true OBSOLETE. Pain caused by myositis affecting one or more masticatory muscles, with clinical characteristics of inflammation or infection: oedema, erythema and/or increased temperature. It generally arises acutely following direct trauma of the muscle or from infection, or chronically with autoimmune disease. Limitation of unassisted mandibular movements secondary to pain is often present. Calcification of the muscle can occur (i.e. myositis ossificans). PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T17:48:14Z obsolete myofascial orofacial pain attributed to myositis true OBSOLETE. Pain caused by sudden, involuntary, reversible tonic contraction of a muscle. Such spasm may affect any of the masticatory muscles. Acute malocclusion may be present. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T17:49:34Z obsolete myofascial orofacial pain attributed to muscle spasm true OBSOLETE. TMJ pain caused by persistent inflammation of articular tissues (due, for example, to trauma, infection, crystal deposition or autoimmune disorder). TMJ pain is common in TMJ arthritis, but TMJ arthritis can be present without pain. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T17:52:37Z obsolete temporomandibular joint pain attributed to arthritis true OBSOLETE. Temporomandibular joint pain due to arthritis with evidence of systemic inflammatory joint disease but not evidence that associates it with the TMJ pain or no evidence of rheumatological disease. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T17:53:36Z obsolete temporomandibular joint pain attributed to non-systemic arthritis true OBSOLETE. Temporomandibular joint due to arthritis with evidence of systemic inflammatory joint disease, pain developed in close temporal relation to other symptoms, and either the pain has significantly worsened in parallel with worsening of the systemic inflammatory joint disease or the pain has significantly improved or resolved with treatment of the systemic inflammatory joint disease. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T17:54:43Z obsolete temporomandibular joint pain attributed to systemic arthritis true OBSOLETE. TMJ pain caused by TMJ disc displacement in the absence of TMJ arthritis. TMJ pain can here be due to mechanical derangements within the joint. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T17:58:05Z obsolete temporomandibular joint pain attributed to disc displacement true OBSOLETE. Secondary temporomandibular joint pain due to TMJ disc displacement with reduction that any TMJ noise on jaw movement or function have been reported and clicking, popping, or snapping noises detected with palpation on the jaw opening and closing. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T18:01:04Z obsolete temporomandibular joint pain attributed to disc displacement with reduction true OBSOLETE. Temporomandibular joint pain due to disc displacement with reduction with intermittent jaw locking with limited mouth opening. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T18:02:56Z obsolete temporomandibular joint pain attributed to disc displacement with reduction, with intermittent locking true OBSOLETE. Secondary temporomandibulare join pain due to TMJ disc displacement without reduction, which has been diagnosed by jaw locking or limitation of jaw opening. Along with evidence of pain developing in close temporal relation to the disc dsiplacement, a significant worsening in pain paralelle. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T18:04:14Z obsolete temporomandibular joint pain attributed to disc displacement without reduction true OBSOLETE. TMJ pain caused by degenerative joint disorder (osteoarthrosis, osteoarthritis) in the absence of TMJ arthritis. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T18:06:11Z obsolete temporomandibular joint pain due to degenerative joint disease true OBSOLETE. TMJ pain caused by subluxation, in the absence of TMJ arthritis. It is usually acute, and probably due to overstretching of tissues. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T18:06:56Z obsolete temporomandibular joint pain due to subluxation true OBSOLETE. Trigeminal neuralgia with neither electrophysiological tests nor MRI showing significant abnormalities. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T18:12:38Z ICOP term: 4.1.1.3 obsolete idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia true OBSOLETE. Trigeminal neuralgia caused by a multiple sclerosis (MS) plaque or plaques in the pons or trigeminal root entry zone, and associated with other symptoms and/or clinical or laboratory findings of MS. PMID:32103673 2025-07-02T19:04:21Z obsolete trigeminal neuralgia due to multiple sclerosis true OBSOLETE. Trigeminal neuralgia caused by contact between the affected trigeminal nerve and a space-occupying lesion. PMID:32103673 2025-07-02T19:07:10Z obsolete trigeminal neuralgia due to space-occupying lesion true OBSOLETE. Pain that is persistently occuring in the background. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PAIN_0000001 2025-07-02T19:13:19Z obsolete concomitant continuous pain true OBSOLETE. Classical trigeminal neuralgia with persistent background pain. PMID:32103673 2025-07-02T19:15:13Z obsolete classical trigeminal neuralgia with concomitant continuous pain true OBSOLETE. Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia with recurrent paroxysms of unilateral facial pain that is concomitant continuous of near-continuous pain between attacks in the affected trigeminal distirbution. PMID:32103673 2025-07-02T19:16:21Z obsolete idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia with concomitant continuous pain true OBSOLETE. Pain with no identifiable cause. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PAIN_0000037 2025-07-02T19:20:02Z obsolete idiopathic pain true OBSOLETE. Pain cause by damage to nerve fibers. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PAIN_0000044 2025-07-02T19:21:25Z obsolete neuropathic pain true OBSOLETE. Glossopharyngeal nerve associated pain that occurs within the distribution of the glossopharyngeal nerve (posterior part of the tongue, tonsillar fossa, pharynx or beneath the angle of the lower jaw). In addition, pain is commonly perceived in the ipsilateral ear. The primary pain is usually continuous or near-continuous, and commonly described as burning or squeezing, or likened to pins and needles. Brief paroxysms may be superimposed but they are not the predominant pain type. This combination distinguishes 4.2.2 Glossopharyngeal neuropathic pain from 4.2.1 Glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Sensory deficits may be present in the ipsilateral posterior part of the tongue and tonsillar fossa, and the gag reflex may be weak or missing. PMID:32103673 2025-07-02T19:24:40Z glossopharyngeal neuropathic pain due to a known cause realted ICOP number: 4.2.2.1 obsolete glossopharyngeal neuropathic pain true OBSOLETE. Unilateral continuous or near-continuous pain, with or without superimposed brief paroxysms, in the distribution(s) of the glossopharyngeal nerve and of unknown aetiology. PMID:32103673 2025-07-02T19:28:43Z obsolete idiopathic glossopharyngeal neuropathic pain true OBSOLETE. Orofacial pains resembling presentations of primary headaches. PMID:32103673 2025-07-02T19:31:48Z obsolete orofacial pain with headache presentation true OBSOLETE. Episodic or chronic pain exclusively in the orofacial region, without head pain, with the characteristics and associated features of 1. Migraine described in ICHD-3. PMID:32103673 2025-07-02T19:32:24Z obsolete orofacial migraine true OBSOLETE. Recurrent orofacial pain (OFP) attacks, without head pain, lasting 4–72 hours. Typical characteristics of the pain are unilateral location, pulsating quality, moderate or severe intensity, aggravation by routine physical activity and association with nausea and/or photophobia and phonophobia. PMID:32103673 2025-07-02T19:33:53Z obsolete episodic orofacial migraine true OBSOLETE. Facial or oral pain occurring on 15 or more days per month for more than 3 months, which has the features of migraine on at least 8 days per month. PMID:32103673 2025-07-02T19:34:44Z obsolete chronic orofacial migraine true OBSOLETE. Episodic or chronic pain exclusively in the orofacial region, without head pain, with the characteristics and associated features of 2. Tension-type headache described in the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd Edition, which can include pressing or tightening with mild to moderate intensity with bilateral location. PMID:32103673 2025-07-02T19:36:31Z obsolete tension-type orofacial pain true OBSOLETE. Attacks of pain, exclusively in the orofacial region, without head pain, with the characteristics and associated features of a disorder described under 3. Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias in the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd Edition, which include conjunctival injection and/or lacrimation, nasal congestion and/or rhinorrhoea, eyelid oedema, forehead and facial sweating, miosis and/or ptosis. PMID:32103673 2025-07-02T19:37:03Z obsolete trigeminal autonomic orofacial pain true OBSOLETE. Attacks of severe, strictly unilateral facial and/or oral pain, without head pain, lasting 15–180 minutes and occurring from once every other day to eight times a day. The pain is associated with ipsilateral conjunctival injection, lacrimation, nasal congestion, rhinorrhoea, forehead and facial sweating, miosis, ptosis and/or eyelid oedema, and/or with restlessness or agitation. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:16:21Z obsolete orofacial cluster attacks true OBSOLETE. Orofacial cluster attacks occurring in periods lasting from 7 days to 1 year, separated by pain-free periods lasting at least 3 months. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:16:59Z obsolete episodic orofacial cluster attacks true OBSOLETE. Orofacial cluster attacks occurring for more than 1 year without remission, or with remission periods lasting less than 3 months. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:17:49Z obsolete chronic orofacial cluster attacks true OBSOLETE. Attacks of severe, strictly hemifacial pain, without head pain, lasting 2–30 minutes and occurring several or many times a day. The attacks may be associated with ipsilateral conjunctival injection, lacrimation, nasal congestion, rhinorrhoea, forehead and facial sweating, miosis, ptosis and/or eyelid oedema. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:18:22Z obsolete paroxysmal hemifacial pain true OBSOLETE. Attacks of paroxysmal hemifacial pain occurring in periods lasting from 7 days to 1 year, separated by pain-free periods lasting at least 3 months. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:19:05Z obsolete episodic paroxysmal hemifacial pain true OBSOLETE. Pain occuring from 7 days to 1 year, separated by pain-free periods lasting at least 3 months. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PAIN_0000038 2025-07-07T17:20:14Z obsolete episodic pain true OBSOLETE. Attacks of paroxysmal hemifacial pain occurring for more than 1 year without remission, or with remission periods lasting less than 3 months. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:22:04Z obsolete chronic paroxysmal hemifacial pain true OBSOLETE. Attacks of moderate or severe, strictly unilateral oral and/or facial pain, without head pain, lasting seconds to minutes, occurring at least once a day and usually associated with prominent lacrimation and redness of the ipsilateral eye and/or other local autonomic symptoms and/or signs. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:23:06Z obsolete short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform facial pain attacks with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNFA) true OBSOLETE. Attacks of SUNFA occurring in periods lasting from 7 days to 1 year, separated by pain-free periods lasting at least 3 months. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:26:23Z obsolete episodic SUNFA true OBSOLETE. Attacks of SUNFA occurring for more than 1 year without remission, or with remission periods lasting less than 3 months. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:26:56Z obsolete chronic SUNFA true OBSOLETE. While no isolated facial equivalent of 3.4 Hemicrania continua, described in International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd Edition,, has so far been clearly established, extension of pain into the face in hemicrania continua has been described. Thus, pain referral and/or radiation to oral and/or facial structures may cause diagnostic difficulties. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:27:44Z obsolete hemifacial continuous pain with autonomic symptoms true OBSOLETE. Attacks of variable duration of moderate or severe intraoral pain, without head pain, often accompanied by toothache-like symptoms, with mild autonomic and/or migrainous symptoms. Two subforms are represented by patients with relatively short attacks (1–4 hours) and those with longer attacks (>4 hours). PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:28:50Z obsolete neurovascular orofacial pain true OBSOLETE. Neurovascular orofacial pain that lasts between 1-4 hours. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:30:01Z obsolete short-lasting neurovascular orofacial pain true OBSOLETE. Neurovascular orofacial pain that lasts more than 4 hours. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:30:34Z obsolete long-lasting neurovascular orofacial pain true OBSOLETE. Orofacial pain involving unilateral or bilateral intraoral or facial pain in the distribution(s) of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve(s) for which the aetiology is unknown. The pain is usually persistent, of moderate intensity, poorly localized and described as dull, pressing or of burning character. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:31:21Z obsolete idiopathic orofacial pain true OBSOLETE. An intraoral burning or dysaesthetic sensation, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months, without evident causative lesions on clinical examination and investigation. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:32:34Z obsolete burning mouth syndrome (BMS) true OBSOLETE. An intraoral burning or dysaesthetic sensation, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months, unaccompanied by somatosensory changes and without evident causative lesions on clinical examination and investigation. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:33:11Z obsolete burning mouth syndrome without somatosensory changes true OBSOLETE. An intraoral burning or dysaesthetic sensation, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months and accompanied by negative and/or positive somatosensory changes, without evident causative lesion(s) on clinical examination and investigation. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:34:39Z obsolete burning mouth syndrome with somatosensory changes true OBSOLETE. An intraoral burning or dysaesthetic sensation, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day but for less than 3 months, without evident causative lesions on clinical examination and investigation. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:35:50Z obsolete probable burning mouth syndrome true OBSOLETE. Persistent facial pain, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months, in the absence of clinical neurological deficit or preceding causative event. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:36:33Z obsolete persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP) true OBSOLETE. Persistent facial pain, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months, unaccompanied by somatosensory changes and in the absence of clinical neurological deficit or preceding causative event. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:37:25Z obsolete persistent idiopathic facial pain without somatosensory changes true OBSOLETE. Persistent facial pain, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months and accompanied by negative and/or positive somatosensory changes, in the absence of clinical neurological deficit or preceding causative event. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:38:09Z obsolete persistent idiopathic facial pain with somatosensory changes true OBSOLETE. Facial pain, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day but for less than 3 months, in the absence of clinical neurological deficit or preceding causative event. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:38:41Z obsolete probable persistent idiopathic facial pain true OBSOLETE. Persistent unilateral intraoral dentoalveolar pain, rarely occurring in multiple sites, with variable features but recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months, in the absence of any preceding causative event. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:39:28Z obsolete persistent idiopathic dentoalveolar pain true OBSOLETE. Persistent unilateral intraoral dentoalveolar pain, rarely occurring in multiple sites, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months, unaccompanied by somatosensory changes and in the absence of any preceding causative event. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:41:16Z obsolete persistent idiopathic dentoalveolar pain without somatosensory changes true OBSOLETE. Persistent unilateral intraoral dentoalveolar pain, rarely occurring in multiple sites, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months and accompanied by negative and/or positive somatosensory changes, in the absence of any preceding causative event. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:41:53Z obsolete persistent idiopathic dentoalveolar pain with somatosensory changes true OBSOLETE. Unilateral intraoral dentoalveolar pain, rarely occurring in multiple sites, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day but for less than 3 months, in the absence of any preceding causative event. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:42:36Z obsolete probable persistent idiopathic dentoalveolar pain true OBSOLETE. Constant (unremitting) dull unilateral facial pain of mild to moderate intensity, accompanied by distinct attacks of moderate to severe pain in the same location lasting 10--30 minutes. There are no typical autonomic and/or migrainoid features accompanying either the constant pain or the additional pain attacks. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:43:15Z obsolete constant unilateral facial pain with additional attacks (CUFPA) true A disorder in a tissue or organ that is marked by capillary dilatation, leukocytic infiltration, redness, heat, pain, swelling, and often loss of function, which is a response cellular injury or infection. A disorder in a tissue or organ that is marked by capillary dilatation, leukocytic infiltration, redness, heat, pain, swelling, and often loss of function, which is a response cellular injury or infection. ISBN:978-0-8153-4505-3 2025-07-14T15:26:18Z inflammation A disease course in which periodontal disease is realized. 2025-07-16T14:31:57Z periodontal disease course A disorder of a tendon caused by inflammation. A disorder of a tendon caused by inflammation. 2025-07-07T18:48:59Z tendonitis OBSOLETE. Gingival pain due to gingivitis resulting from an autoimmune disease or disorder. PMID:32103673 2025-07-08T17:26:49Z obsolete gingival pain due to autoimmunity true OBSOLETE. GIngival pain due to gingivitis resulting from a hypersensitivity or allergic reaction in the gingival tissues. PMID:32103673 2025-07-08T17:28:26Z obsolete gingival pain attributed to hypersensitivity or allergic reaction true OBSOLETE. Oral mucosal pain due to oralmucosal inflammation resulting from an autoimmue disease. PMID:32103673 2025-07-08T17:29:51Z obsolete oral mucosal pain due to autoimmunity true OBSOLETE. Oral mucosal pain due to oral mucosal inflammation resulting from a hypersensitivity or allergic reaction in the oral mucosa. PMID:32103673 2025-07-08T17:31:05Z obsolete oral mucosal pain due to hypersensitivity or allergic reaction true OBSOLETE. Salivary gland pain due to an immunologically mediated disorder. PMID:32103673 2025-07-08T17:37:30Z obsolete salivary gland pain due to immunologically mediated disorder true OBSOLETE. Salivary gland pain due to an obstruction of the salivary duct. PMID:32103673 2025-07-08T17:38:39Z obsolete salivary gland pain due to obstructive cause true OBSOLETE. Orofacial pain in the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. The primary pain is usually continuous or near-continuous, and commonly described as burning, squeezing, aching or likened to pins and needles. PMID:32103673 2025-07-08T17:40:50Z trigeminal neuropathic pain attributed to other disorder Superimposed brief pain paroxysms may occur but these are not the predominant pain type. This combination is distinct from that of 4.1.1 Trigeminal neuralgia. There are clinically detectable somatosensory changes within the trigeminal distribution, and mechanical allodynia and cold hyperalgesia/allodynia are common, fulfilling the IASP criteria for neuropathic pain. Allodynic areas may be much larger than the punctate trigger zones present in 4.1.1 Trigeminal neuralgia. related ICOP number: 4.1.2.4 obsolete trigeminal neuropathic pain true OBSOLETE. Unilateral facial pain of less than 3 months’ duration in the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve, caused by, and associated with other symptoms and/or clinical signs of, acute herpes zoster. PMID:32103673 2025-07-08T17:41:58Z obsolete trigeminal neuropathic pain attributed to herpes zoster true OBSOLETE. Unilateral facial pain persisting or recurring for at least 3 months in the distribution(s) of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve, with variable sensory changes, caused by herpes zoster. PMID:32103673 2025-07-08T17:42:37Z obsolete trigeminal postherpetic neuralgia true OBSOLETE. Unilateral or bilateral facial or oral pain following and caused by trauma to the trigeminal nerve(s), with other symptoms and/or clinical signs of trigeminal nerve dysfunction, and persisting or recurring for more than 3 months. PMID:32103673 2025-07-08T17:43:22Z obsolete post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathic pain true OBSOLETE. Post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathic pain without a diagnostic test confirmation of a lesion of the peripheral trieminal nerve explaining the pain. PMID:32103673 2025-07-08T17:43:57Z obsolete probable post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathic pain true OBSOLETE. Unilateral or bilateral facial pain in the distribution(s) of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve, indicative of neural damage and persisting or recurring for more than 3 months, but of unknown aetiology. PMID:32103673 2025-07-08T17:45:22Z obsolete idiopathic trigeminal neuropathic pain true A disorder of a muscle caused by inflammation. A disorder of a muscle caused by inflammation. 2025-07-08T18:08:24Z myositis A disorder of a joint caused by inflammation. A disorder of a joint caused by inflammation. 2025-07-08T18:10:02Z inflammatory arthritis Arthritis that primarily affects the joints. Arthritis that primarily affects the joints. 2025-07-08T18:11:28Z non-systemic inflammatory arthritis Arthritis that affects the joints and causes inflammation within the rest of the body. Arthritis that affects the joints and causes inflammation within the rest of the body. 2025-07-08T18:13:59Z systemic inflammatory arthritis A disease in which the cartilage around the joint is gradually worn away. A disease in which the cartilage around the joint is gradually worn away. 2025-07-08T18:18:25Z degenerative joint disease A microbiome located in a human body JZ, YH https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3418802/ human microbiome A biome that consists of a collection of microorganisms (i.e., microbiota) and the surrounding environment where the microorganisms reside. Oliver He, Jie Zheng, Jihad Obeid, Anna Maria Masci https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4520061/ microbiome a human microbiome that is located in a human oral system JO, AA, YH microbiome in human oral true A human social role borne by a human being being realized in behaviour which is considered socially appropriate for individuals of a specific sex in the context of a specific culture. Mathias Brochhausen http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_role gender role A gender role borne by a human being that is realized in behaviour which is considered socially appropriate for individuals of the male sex in the context of the culture in question. Mathias Brochhausen male gender male gender role A gender role borne by a human being that is realized in behaviour which is considered socially appropriate for individuals of the female sex in the context of the culture in question. Mathias Brochhausen female gender female gender role organization role Pain that is experienced in the temporomandibular joint. temporomandibular joint pain (PAIN) 2026-03-17T13:10:32Z TMJ pain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PAIN_0010296 temporomandibular joint pain Persistent background pain that occurs alongside paroxysmal pain attacks, characteristic of conditions such as trigeminal neuralgia. concomitant continuous pain (PAIN) 2026-04-08T16:42:44Z concomitant continuous pain Persistent background pain that occurs alongside paroxysmal pain attacks, characteristic of conditions such as trigeminal neuralgia. PMID:32791919 https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2023.1277654/full An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage. pain (PAIN) 2024-06-13T18:46:52Z Six key notes and etymology: - Pain is always a personal experience that is influenced to varying degrees by biological, psychological, and social factors. - Pain and nociception are different phenomena. Pain cannot be inferred solely from activity in sensory neurons. - Through their life experiences, individuals learn the concept of pain. - A person’s report of an experience as pain should be respected. - Although pain usually serves an adaptive role, it may have adverse effects on function and social and psychological well-being. - Verbal description is only one of several behaviors to express pain; inability to communicate does not negate the possibility that a human or a nonhuman animal experiences pain. The "emotional" part of pain captures the affective (i.e., unpleasant) dimension of experiencing pain. pain - The Revised IASP definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7680716/ - Merskey H, Albe-Fessard DG, Bonica JJ, et al: Pain terms: A list with definitions and notes on usage. Recommended by the IASP Subcommittee on Taxonomy. Pain 1979; 6:249-252. http://www.iasp-pain.org/source/eforums. An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage. https://www.iasp-pain.org/resources/terminology/ Pain without known cause or of spontaneous origin. idiopathic pain (PAIN) 2026-04-08T17:09:41Z idiopathic pain Pain without known cause or of spontaneous origin. PMID:41307755 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_disease Acute transient pain that is severe and has an intensity that flares over baseline. episodic pain (PAIN) 2026-04-08T17:10:12Z breakthrough pain intermittent pain episodic pain Acute transient pain that is severe and has an intensity that flares over baseline. PMID:16675817 Pain that persists or recurs for longer than 3 months, in which each incidence of pain is attributed to the same underlying condition. chronic pain (PAIN) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-1899 2022-11-24T06:02:26Z In many cases, the pain is initially caused by tissue damage or disease. The continuation of the pain is often the result of pathological changes in the central nervous system. chronic pain Pain that persists or recurs for longer than 3 months, in which each incidence of pain is attributed to the same underlying condition. https://www.iasp-pain.org/advocacy/definitions-of-chronic-pain-syndromes/ Pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. neuropathic pain (PAIN) 2024-06-13T18:47:32Z neuropathic pain Neuropathic pain is a clinical description (and not a diagnosis) which requires a demonstrable lesion or a disease that satisfies established neurological diagnostic criteria. The term lesion is commonly used when diagnostic investigations (e.g. imaging, neurophysiology, biopsies, lab tests) reveal an abnormality or when there was obvious trauma. Somatosensory refers to information about the body per se including visceral organs, rather than information about the external world (e.g., vision, hearing, or olfaction). The presence of symptoms or signs (e.g., touch-evoked pain) alone does not justify the use of the term neuropathic. Some disease entities, such as trigeminal neuralgia, are currently defined by their clinical presentation rather than by objective diagnostic testing. Other diagnoses such as postherpetic neuralgia are normally based upon the history. It is common when investigating neuropathic pain that diagnostic testing may yield inconclusive or even inconsistent data. In such instances, clinical judgment is required to reduce the totality of findings in a patient into one putative diagnosis or concise group of diagnoses. Pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. https://www.iasp-pain.org/resources/terminology/ damaged neural tissue (PAIN) 2024-06-13T20:45:30Z damaged neural tissue Pain of recent onset and probable limited duration, usually having an identifiable temporal and causal relationship to injury or disease. acute pain (PAIN) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-1899 2022-11-24T06:02:26Z Acute pain is caused by injury, surgery, illness, trauma, or painful medical procedures and generally lasts from a few minutes to less than six months. Acute pain usually disappears whenever the underlying cause is treated or healed. acute pain Pain of recent onset and probable limited duration, usually having an identifiable temporal and causal relationship to injury or disease. https://www.iasp-pain.org/resources/topics/acute-pain/ Pain that is experienced in an area different from the area stimulated. referred pain (PAIN) 2024-06-13T21:22:52Z referred pain Pain that is experienced in an area different from the area stimulated. PMID:37448749 https://dictionary.apa.org/referred-sensation Pain that is confined or restricted to a particular anatomical area (or zone) of the body. localized pain (PAIN) 2024-06-13T21:27:59Z localized pain Pain that is confined or restricted to a particular anatomical area (or zone) of the body. PMID:18077092 https://ospinamedical.com/orthopedic-blog/localized-vs-radicular-pain-decoding-your-discomfort Pain that is experienced in the head. head pain (PAIN) 2025-06-23T17:02:29Z head pain Pain that is experienced in the orofacial region, which includes the mouth and face. PMID:32103673 orofacial pain (PAIN) 2025-04-04T15:42:46Z 2025-04-04T15:42:46Z orofacial pain Pain that is experienced in the orofacial region, which includes the mouth and face. PMID:32103673 Pain that is persistently present without pain-free intervals. continuous pain (PAIN) 2026-07-01T17:07:58Z concomitant continuous pain continuous pain http://snomed.info/id/426206001 Orofacial pain that is experienced in the face. facial pain (PAIN) 2026-07-01T20:00:46Z facial pain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C79594 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0006381 http://snomed.info/id/95668009 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0009625 Orofacial pain that is experienced in the jaw. jaw pain (PAIN) 2026-07-01T20:49:02Z jaw pain A characteristic of an entity whose causal origin has not been identified. It usually characterizes diseases whose etiology are obscure. 2026-09-10T23:52:19Z idiopathic A characteristic of an entity whose causal origin has not been identified. It usually characterizes diseases whose etiology are obscure. https://dictionary.apa.org/idiopathic Pain that is characterized by its temporal features, such as its duration, its frequency of occurrence, or its pattern of occurrence over time. temporally specified pain (PAIN) 2026-09-14T16:26:40Z temporally specified pain Pain that is characterized by its spatial features, such as the location at which it is experienced, its spatial extent, or the spatial relation between where it is experienced and where it originates. spatially specified pain (PAIN) 2026-09-14T16:27:16Z spatially specified pain Pain that is characterized by the neurobiological mechanism by which it arises, such as activation of nociceptors, damaged neural tissue, a lesion or disease of the nervous system, or altered nociceptive processing. neurobiological pain process (PAIN) 2026-09-14T16:27:45Z neurobiological pain process Orofacial pain caused by lesions or disorders affecting one or more teeth or their immediately surrounding and supporting structures: the tooth pulp, periodontium and gingivae. PMID:32103673 2025-04-04T15:48:49Z ICOP term 1.1 dental pain Dental pain caused by a lesion or disorder involving the tooth pulp. PMID:32103673 https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102419893823 2025-04-04T15:57:09Z ICOP term 1.1.1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001754 pulpal pain Orofacial pain involving the masticatory muscles. PMID:32103673 https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102419893823 2025-04-08T14:15:24Z ICOP term: 2. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FMA_74060 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003681 myofascial orofacial pain Dental pain caused by a lesion or disorder involving the periodontium. PMID:32103673 https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102419893823 2025-04-08T14:31:12Z periodontal pain due to local non-inflammatory cause ICOP term: 1.1.2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001758 related ICOP number: 1.1.2.2 periodontal pain Dental pain caused by a lesion or disorder involving the gingival tissues. PMID:32103673 2025-04-08T14:34:14Z ICOP term: 1.1.3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001828 gingival pain Dental pain due to a lesion or disorder involving the jaw bone tissue. PMID:32103673 https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102419893823 2025-04-08T14:38:30Z mandible pain maxilla pain ICOP term: 1.2.3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0012360 jaw bone pain Pulpal pain due to hypersensitivity occurring in clinically normal pulp. PMID:32103673 https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102419893823 2025-06-05T14:10:57Z ICOP term: 1.1.1.1 contributing factor: sensory hypersensitivity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001754 pulpal pain due to hypersensitivity Pulpal pain due to hypersensitivity resulting from a crack or incomplete fracture of the affected tooth, involving the enamel with at least one of the following: sharp pain upon biting, pain on release of occlusal biting pressure or external application of force, or cold hypersensitivity. PMID:32103673 https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102419893823 2025-06-05T14:48:49Z ICOP term: 1.1.1.1.1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001754 pulpal pain due to crack in enamel Pulpal pain due to hypersensistivity resulting from an exposed dentin surface. PMID:32103673 https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102419893823 2025-06-05T14:57:43Z ICOP term: 1.1.1.1.2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001754 pulpal pain due to exposed dentin Pulpal pain due to exposed dentin resulting from wear or abrasion on the affected tooth. PMID:32103673 https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102419893823 2025-06-05T15:06:33Z ICOP term: 1.1.1.1.2.1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001754 pulpal pain due to tooth wear or abrasion Pulpal pain due to exposed dentin resulting from a fracture of the affected tooth involving the enamel, root cementum, dentin, or any combination thereof. PMID:32103673 https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102419893823 2025-06-05T15:21:45Z ICOP term: 1.1.1.1.2.2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001754 pulpal pain due to a fracture resulting in exposed dentin Pain due to a disease or disorder involving the oral mucosa. PMID:32103673 2025-06-06T20:08:07Z ICOP number: 1.2.1 oral mucosal pain Pain due to a lesion or disorder involving the salivary glands. PMID:32103673 2025-06-06T20:10:46Z salivary gland pain due to other cause ICOP number: 1.2.2 related ICOP number: 1.2.2.5 salivary gland pain PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T17:57:43Z gingival pain due to gingival inflammation resulting from another cause ICOP number: 1.1.3.1 related ICOP number: 1.1.3.1.5 gingival pain due to gingivitis Gingival pain due to gingivitis due to an infection of the gingival tissue. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T18:15:01Z ICOP number: 1.1.3.1.2 gingival pain due to infection Gingival pain due to infection resulting form bacteria. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T18:37:15Z ICOP number: 1.1.3.1.2.1 gingival pain due to bacterial infection Gingival pain due to infection resulting from a virus. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T18:45:56Z ICOP number: 1.1.3.1.2.2 gingival pain due to viral infection Gingival pain due to infection resulting from a fungus. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T19:03:53Z ICOP number: 1.1.3.1.2.3 gingival pain due to fungal infection Salivary gland pain due to infection of the salivary glands. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T19:25:03Z ICOP number: 1.2.2.2 salivary gland pain due to infection Salivary gland pain due to bacterial infection. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T19:27:44Z ICOP number: 1.2.2.2.1 salivary gland pain due to bacterial infection Salivary gland pain due to viral infection. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T19:29:37Z ICOP number: 1.2.2.2.2 salivary gland pain due to viral infection Oral mucosal pain due to oral mucosal inflammation resulting from an infection of the oral mucosa. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T19:33:29Z ICOP term: 1.2.1.1.2 oral mucosal pain due to infection Oral mucosa pain due to inflamation of the oral mucosa, with pain that has developed in close temporal relation to the inflammation. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T19:36:10Z oral mucosal pain due to oral mucosal inflammation due to other cause ICOP number: 1.2.1.1 related ICOP number: 1.2.1.1.5 oral mucosal pain due to oral mucosal inflammation Oral mucosal pain due to bacterial infection. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T19:54:47Z ICOP number: 1.2.1.1.2.1 oral mucosal pain due to bacterial infection Oral mucosal pain due to viral infection. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T19:59:20Z ICOP term: 1.2.1.1.2.2 oral mucosal pain due to viral infection Oral mucosal pain due to fungal infection. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T20:04:32Z ICOP number: 1.2.1.1.2.3 oral mucosal pain due to fungal infection Jaw bone pain due to an infection of the jaw bone. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T17:28:40Z ICOP number: 1.2.3.2 jaw bone pain due to infection Jaw bone pain due to a bacterial infection in the jaw bone. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T17:30:16Z ICOP number: 1.2.3.2.1 jaw bone pain due to bacterial infection Jaw bone pain due to a viral infection in the jaw bone. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T17:31:51Z ICOP number: 1.2.3.2.2 jaw bone pain due to viral infection Jaw bone pain due to a fungal infection in the jaw bone. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T17:33:07Z ICOP number: 1.2.3.2.3 jaw bone pain due to fungal infection Gingival pain due to gingivitis due to resulting from trauma or injury with pain localizaed to the traumatized tissue that develops within minutes or days after the trauma. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T17:49:38Z ICOP number: 1.1.3.1.1 gingival pain due to injury Oral mucosal pain due to oral mucose inflammation resulting from tauma to the oral mucosa tissue with pain that is localized to the traumatized tissue and developed within minutes to days after the trauma. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T17:54:47Z ICOP number: 1.2.1.1.1 oral mucosal pain due to injury Jaw bone pain due to trauma or injury involving the jaw bone. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T17:57:52Z ICOP number: 1.2.3.1 jaw bone pain due to injury Orofacial pain attributed to lesion or disease of the trigeminal nerve. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T18:05:48Z ICOP numuber: 4.1 pain due to lesion or disease of the trigeminal nerve Pulpal pain due to diagnosed pulpitis in affected tooth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T18:17:44Z pulpal pain due to pulpitis resulting from another cause ICOP number: 1.1.1.3 related ICOP number: 1.1.1.3.5 pulpal pain due to pulpitis Pulpal pain due to pulpitis that is reversible due to an infection in the dentin. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T18:54:11Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.3.1 pulpal pain due to reversible pulpitis resulting from a dentin infection Pulpal pain attributed to pulpitis that is reversible due to an infection in the dentin. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T18:59:55Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.3.2 pulpal pain due to irreversible pulpitis resulting from a dentin infection Periodontal pain due to periodontal inflammation PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T19:06:58Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1 periodontal pain due to periodontitis Periodontal pain attributed to periodontitis because of trauma or injury that has occured to the periodontal tissue. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T19:58:44Z periodontal pain due to other trauma or injury ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.1 related ICOP term: 1.1.2.1.1.4 periodontal pain due to injury-induced periodontitis Pulpal pain due to a developmental defect of the affected tooth involving the enamel, root cementum, or dentin. PMID:32103673 2025-06-12T16:56:25Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.1.2.3 pulpal pain due to developmental dental hard tissue defect Pulpal pain due to hypersensitivity resulting from a recent dental procedure to the affected tooth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-12T17:30:59Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.1.3 pulpal pain due to dental procedure ICOP number: 1.1.1.3.1.1 Pulpal pain cuased by reversible pulpitis due to an infection of the dentin with no clinical or radiographic evidence of extension to the pulp. PMID:32103673 2025-06-12T18:16:30Z pulpal pain due to reversible pulpitis resulting from caries not extending to the pulp Pulpal pain caused by reversible pulpitis due to infection of the dentin with clinical and/or radiographic evidence of a fracture of the following in the affected tooth, with exposure of dentin: enamel alone, enamel and dentin, root cementum alone, root cementum and dentin, enamel, or root cementum and dentin. PMID:32103673 2025-06-12T18:39:15Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.3.1.2 pulpal pain due to reversible pulpitis resulting from dental hard-tissue defect with exposed dentin Pulpal pain attributed to irreversible pulpitis due to infection of dentin because of deep caries in the affected tooth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-12T19:15:53Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.3.2.1 pulpal due to irreversible pulpitis resulting from caries extending to the pulp Periodontal pain due to traumatically induced periodontal inflammation which has been caused by surgical intervention. PMID:32103673 2025-06-19T18:52:23Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.1.2 postoperative periodontal pain Periodontal pain due to periodontits that is apical occuring becayse of an endodontic disease. PMID:32103673 2025-06-19T19:11:03Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.2 periodontal pain due to apical periodontitis resulting from endodontic disease Pulpal pain due to dental trauma that has exposes vital pulp tissue in the affected tooth because of any of the following: fracture involving enamel, dentin and pulp (complicated crown fracture), fracture involving root cementum, dentin and pulp (complicated root fracture), and fracture involving enamel, root cementum, dentin and pulp (complicated crown-root fracture) and occurs within minutes to hours after the trauma. PMID:32103673 2025-06-23T19:54:50Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.2 pulpal pain due to pulp exposure resulting from dental trauma Pulpal pain due to irreversible pulpitis caused by an infection in the pulp of the affected tooth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-16T18:30:41Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.3.3 pulpal pain due to irreversible pulpitis resulting from an infection of the dental pulp Periodontal pain due to periodontitis resulting from a periodontal disease that has been diagnosed. PMID:32103673 2025-06-16T18:38:33Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.3 periodontal pain due to periodontal disease Periodontal pain due to periodontal disease resulting from chronic periodontitis. Chronic periodontitis is characterized by slowly progressing attachment loss, sometimes with periods of more rapid progression. PMID:32103673 2025-06-16T18:46:46Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.3.1 periodontal pain due to chronic periodontitis Pulpal pain due to a dental procedure involving a recent placement of a direct or indirect dental restoration in the affected tooth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-17T18:03:25Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.1.3.2 pulpal pain due to placement of a restoration Pulpal pain caused by reversible pulpitis due to infection of dentin because of a crack or incomplete fracture of the affected tooth, involving the enamel or enamel and dentin. Has evidence of at least one of the following: sharp pain upon biting, pain on release of occlusal biting pressure or external application of force, and cold hypersensitivity. PMID:32103673 2025-06-23T20:21:16Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.3.1.3 pulpal pain due to reversible pulpitis resulting from tooth crack without evidence of missing tooth substance. Periodontal pain due to periodontal disease resulitng from aggressive periodontitis. PMID:32103673 2025-06-17T18:40:51Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.3.2 periodontal pain due to aggressive periodontitis Periodontal pain due to periodontal disease resulting from necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, with the development of pain within hours to days of onset of the ulcerations. PMID:32103673 2025-06-17T18:55:03Z ICOP term: 1.1.2.1.3.4 periodontal pain due to necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis Temporomandibular pain localized to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), occurring at rest or during jaw movement or palpation, with no known causative disorder. The diagnosis corresponds fully to the DC/TMD diagnosis temporomandibular joint pain. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:28:17Z ICOP number: 3.1 primary temporomandibular joint pain Primary temporomandibular joint pain with onset within the last 3 months. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:29:46Z ICOP number: 3.1.1 acute primary temporomandibular joint pain Primary temporomandibular pain with onset more than 3 months. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:31:29Z ICOP number: 3.1.2 chronic primary temporomandibular joint pain Chronic primary temporomandibular joint pain occuring less than one day a month. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:34:26Z ICOP number: 3.1.2.1 chronic infrequent primary temporomandibular joint pain Chronic primary temporomandibular joint pain occuring one to 14 days a month for an avergae of more than 3 months. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:35:41Z ICOP number: 3.1.2.2 chronic frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain Chronic frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain with temporomandibular joint palpation pain localizaed to the immediate site of palpatation. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:38:56Z ICOP number: 3.1.2.2.1 chronic frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain without pain referral Chronic frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain with TMJ palpatation beyond the area of the joint. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:39:52Z ICOP number: 3.1.2.2.2 chronic frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain with pain referral Chronic frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain occuring on more than 15 days a month on average for more than 3 months. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:41:31Z ICOP number: 3.1.2.3 chronic highly frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain Chronic highly frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain on temporomandibular joint palpation localized to the immediate site of palpation. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:42:50Z ICOP number: 3.1.2.3.1 chronic highly frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain without pain referral Chronic highly frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain on temporomandibular joint palpation beyond the area of the joint. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:44:03Z ICOP number: 3.1.2.3.2 chronic highly frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain with pain referral Pain localized to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and caused by another identified disorder, such as inflammation (due, for example, to trauma, infection, crystal deposition or autoimmune disorder), sensitization of the tissues, structural changes (such as osteoarthrosis, disc displacement or subluxation) or injury. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:46:47Z ICOP number: 3.2 secondary temporomandibular joint pain Orofacial pain experienced as unilateral brief electric shock-like pains, abrupt in onset and termination, limited to the distribution of one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve and triggered by innocuous stimuli. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:50:39Z trigeminal neuralgia trigeminal neuralgia attributed to other cause ICOP number: 4.1.1 Trigeminal neuralgic pain may develop without apparent cause or be a result of another disorder. Additionally, there may or may not be concomitant continuous pain of moderate intensity within the affected division(s). related ICOP number: 4.1.1.2.3 trigeminal neuralgic pain Trigeminal neuralgia developing without apparent cause other than neurovascular compression. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:51:40Z ICOP number: 4.1.1.1 classic trigeminal neuralgia Trigeminal neuralgia caused by an underlying disease. Clinical examination shows sensory changes in a substantial percentage of these patients. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:53:30Z ICOP number: 4.1.1.2 secondary trigeminal neuralgia Orofacial pain attributed to lesion or disease of the glossopharyngeal nerve. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:55:16Z glossopharyngeal nerve associated pain ICOP number: 4.2 pain due to lesion or disease of the glossopharyngeal nerve A disorder characterized by unilateral brief stabbing pain, abrupt in onset and termination, in the distributions not only of the glossopharyngeal nerve but also of the auricular and pharyngeal branches of the vagus nerve. Pain is experienced in the ear, base of the tongue, tonsillar fossa and/or beneath the angle of the jaw. It is commonly provoked by swallowing, talking or coughing and may remit and relapse in the fashion of Trigeminal neuralgia. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:56:55Z ICOP number: 4.2.1 glossopharyngeal neuralgia Glossopharyngeal neuralgia with recurrent paroxysms of unilateral pain with the demonstration of magnetic resonance imaging. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:58:02Z ICOP number: 4.2.1.1 classical glossopharyngeal neuralgia Glossopharyngeal neuralgia caused by an underlying disease. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T17:59:32Z ICOP number: 4.2.1.2 secondary glossopharyngeal neuralgia Glossopharyngeal neuralgia with recurrent paroxysms of unilateral pain without neurovascular compression or an underlying disease know to cause secondary glossopharyngeal neuralgia. PMID:32103673 2025-06-18T18:01:40Z ICOP number: 4.2.1.3 idiopathic glossopharyngeal neuralgia Pulpal pain due to a dental procedure involving a restorative procedure which has caused the affected tooth to be in hyperocclusion or hyperarticulation. PMID:32103673 2025-06-24T15:28:57Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.1.3.3 pulpal pain due to hyperocclusion or hyperarticulation following dental restorative procedure Pulpal pain due to a dental procedure involving a restorative procedure which has caused the affected tooth to be in hyperocclusion. PMID:32103673 2025-06-24T15:29:21Z pulpal pain due to hyperocclusion following dental restorative procedure Pulpal pain due to a dental procedure involving a restorative procedure which has caused the affected tooth to be in hyperarticulation. PMID:32103673 2025-06-24T15:29:40Z pulpal pain due to hyperarticulation following dental restorative procedure Orofacial pain due to lesisoin or disease of the cranial nerves. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T18:18:22Z ICOP number: 4 orofacial pain due to lesion or disease of the cranial nerves Pulpal pain due to a dental procedure resulting in the removal of dentin from the affected tooth, which was wide, deep, or both. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T18:55:26Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.1.3.1 pulpal pain due to extensive removal of dentin pulpal pain attributed to irreversible pulpitis due to infection of dentin with evidence of a fracture in one of the following: enamel and dentin (uncomplicated crown fracture), root cementum and dentin (uncomplicated root fracture), or enamel, root cementum and dentin (uncomplicated crown-root fracture). PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T19:18:31Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.3.2.2 pulpal pain due to irreversible pulpitis resulting from a dental hard-tissue fracture without pulp exposure Pulpal pain attributed to irreversible pulpitis due to infection of dentin because of a crack or incompletel fracture in the enamel or enamel dentin, along with at least one of the following: sharp pain upon biting, pain on release of occlusal biting pressure or external application of force, and cold hypersensitivity. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T19:41:39Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.3.2.3 pulpal pain due to irreversible pulpitis resulting from tooth crack without evidence of missing tooth substance pulpal pain attirbuted to irreversible pulpitis due to infection of the dental pulp with evidence of a fracture in one of the following: enamel and dentin (uncomplicated crown fracture), root cementum and dentin (uncomplicated root fracture), or enamel, root cementum and dentin (uncomplicated crown-root fracture) along with pain that has developed in close temporal relation to the fracture with pain developing in close temporal relation to the fracture. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T19:59:42Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.3.3.2 pulpal pain due to irreversible pulpitis resulting from a dental hard-tissue fracture with pulp exposure Pulpal pain attributed to pulpitis with an external cervical root resorption with pain that has developed in temporal relation to onset of the resorption. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:22:36Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.3.4 pulpal pain due to pulpitis resulting from an external cervical root resorption Periodontal pain attributed to traumatically induced periodontal inflammation because of a change in occlusal conditions that has occurred, with resultant hyperocclusion or hyperarticulation identified by at least one of the following: primary contact affecting a tooth in occlusion or articulation or hypermobility of a tooth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:26:26Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.1.1 periodontal pain due to hyperocclusion or hyperarticulation periodontal pain attributed to traumatically induced periodontal inflammation because of a change in occlusal conditions that has occurred, with resultant hyperocclusion identified by primary contact affecting a tooth in occlusion or hypermobility of a tooth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:26:36Z periodontal pain due to hyperocclusion periodontal pain attributed to traumatically induced periodontal inflammation because of a change in occlusal conditions that has occurred, with resultant hyperarticulation identified by primary contact affecting a tooth in articulation or hypermobility of a tooth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:26:45Z periodontal pain due to hyperarticulation Periodontal pain attributed to traumatically induced periodontal inflammation because of accidental trauma with evidence of one of the following: concussion, subluxation, lateral luxation, intrusion, extrusion, avulsion, or root fracture. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:31:30Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.1.3 periodontal pain due to accidental dental injury Periodontal pain attributed to apical periodontitis due to endodontic disease because of pulpitis that has been diagnosed because of one of the following: evidence of dental disorder involving the affected tooth or vital pulp evidenced by response to pulp vitality testing. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:33:57Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.2.1 periodontal pain due to pulpal inflammation Periodontal pain attributed to apical periodontitis due to endodontic disease because of partial or total pulp necrosis and endodontic infection that have been diagnosed by: non-vital pulp, evidenced by either: direct inspection, or non-response to pulp vitality testing or a previously debrided root canal or clinical or radiographic evidence of apical inflammation. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:37:38Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.2.2 periodontal pain due to endodontic infection Periodontal pain due to endodontic infection resulting from to a tooth that has a root canal infection. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:44:16Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.2.2.1 periodontal pain due to intraradicular endodontic infection Periodontal pain attributed to endodontic infection due to an extraradicular infection around one or more teeth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:47:51Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.2.2.2 periodontal pain due to extraradicular endodontic infection Periodontal pain due to periodontal disease that results from a systematic disorder. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:53:25Z periodontal pain due to unspecified systemic disorder ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.3.3 related ICOP term: 1.1.2.1.3.3.3 periodontal pain due to periodontitis as a manifestation of a systemic disorder Periodontal pain due to periodontitis as a manifestion of a systematic genetic disorder. Genetic disorders which can result in periodontitis include familial and cyclic neutropenia, Down syndrome, leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndromes, Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome, Chediak–Higashi syndrome, histiocytosis syndromes, glycogen storage disease, infantile genetic agranulocytosis, Cohen syndrome, Ehler–Danlos syndrome (types IV and VIII), and hypophosphatasia. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:54:59Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.3.3.2 periodontal pain due to genetic disorder Periodontal pain due to periodontitis as a manifestation of a systematic haematological disorder. Haematological disorders which can result in periodontitis include acquired neutropenia and leukaemia. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:59:27Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.3.3.1 periodontal pain due to haematological disorder Periodontal pain due to periodontal disease resulting from either or both of the following: acute inflammation and loss of attatchement, or marginal and periradicular bone resorption. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T19:02:46Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.3.5 periodontal pain due to periodontal abscess Gingival pain due to a malignant lesion of the gingival tissues. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T19:22:46Z ICOP number: 1.1.3.2 gingival pain due to malignant lesion Pain due to a lesion or disorder affecting the non-dental oral and peri-oral tissues: the oral mucosa, the salivary glands and the jaw bone tissues. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T19:24:13Z ICOP number: 1.2 oral mucosal, salivary gland and jaw bone pains Periodontal paind due to periodontitis, with the exception that it involves an implant and not a natural tooth, resulitng from a peri-implant infection with casuation from anatomical, functional, or temporal association. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T17:05:54Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.5 periodontal pain due to infective peri-implantitis Periodontal pain due to periodontitis resulting from partial or total pulp necrosis or periodontal disease. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T17:16:38Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.4 periodontal pain due to apical and marginal periodontitis resulting from combined endodontic infection and periodontal disease pulpal pain due to irreversible pulpitis resulting from an infection of the dental pulp because of deep caries in the affected tooth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T17:32:59Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.3.3.1 pulpal pain due to irreversible pulpitis resulting from carious pulp exposure and infection of the pulp Oral mucosal pain due to oral mucosal inflammation resulting from non-iatrogenic injury. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T17:47:50Z ICOP number: 1.2.1.1.1.1 oral mucosal pain due to non-iatrogenic injury Oral mucosal pain due to injury from radiation or chemotherapy PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T17:53:15Z ICOP number: 1.2.1.1.1.3 oral mucosal pain due to radiation or chemotherapy Oral mucoal pain due to meoplasia of the oral mucosa. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T17:57:07Z ICOP number: 1.2.1.2 oral mucosal pain due to malignant lesion Salivary gland pain due to recurrent juvenile parotitis. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:10:29Z ICOP number: 1.2.2.3 salivary gland pain due to recurrent juvenile parotitis Jaw bone pain that results from a primary or seconday malignant lesion. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:16:50Z ICOP number: 1.2.3.4 jaw bone pain due to malignant lesion Jaw bone pain that results from a local benign lesion. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:22:25Z ICOP number: 1.2.3.3 jaw bone pain due to local benign lesion Jaw bone pain due to a primary malignant lesion. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:27:19Z ICOP number: 1.2.3.4.1 jaw bone pain due to local malignancy Jaw bone pain due to a remote malignant lesion. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:29:32Z ICOP number: 1.2.3.4.2 jaw bone pain due to remote malignancy Jaw bone pain due to a theraputic intervention that has resulted in a lesion. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:30:41Z ICOP number: 1.2.3.5 jaw bone pain due to therapy Pain in masticatory muscles, with or without functional impairment, not attributable to another disorder. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:37:54Z ICOP number: 2.1 primary myofascial orofacial pain Mild to moderate levels of deep aching or pressing pain in the masticatory muscles, occurring episodically or unremittingly, often associated with functional impairment such as perceived difficulties in moving the lower jaw, chewing and/or yawning, etc., and with onset within the last 3 months. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:38:53Z ICOP number: 2.1.1 acute primary myofascial orofacial pain Mild to moderate levels of deep aching or pressing pain in the masticatory muscles, occurring episodically or unremittingly, often associated with functional impairment such as perceived difficulties in moving the lower jaw, chewing and/or yawning, etc., and with onset more than 3 months ago. It is often associated with psychosocial distress. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:39:42Z ICOP number: 2.1.2 chronic primary myofascial orofacial pain Chronic primary myofascial orofacial pain occurring on less than one day a month. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:41:37Z ICOP number: 2.1.2.1 chronic infrequent primary myofascial orofacial pain Chronic primary myofascial pain occurring 1-14 days a month for more than 3 months. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:42:07Z ICOP number: 2.1.2.2 chronic frequent primary myofascial orofacial pain Chronic frequent primary myofascial pain with no report of pain at a site beyond the boundary of the muscle (temporalis or masseter) being palpated. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T17:18:27Z ICOP number: 2.1.2.2.1 chronic frequent primary myofascial orofacial pain without pain referral Chronic frequent primary myofascial pain with a report of pain at a site beyond the boudary of the muscle being palpated. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T17:20:22Z ICOP number: 2.1.2.2.2 chronic frequent primary myofascial orofacial pain with pain referral Chronic frequent primary myofascial pain occuring more than 15 days a month for an average of more than 3 months. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T17:25:28Z ICOP number: 2.1.2.3 chronic highly frequent primary myofascial orofacial pain Chronic highly frequent primary myofascial orofacial pain with no report of pain at a site beyond the boundary of the muscle (temporalis or masseter) being palpated. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T17:31:39Z ICOP number: 2.1.2.3.1 chronic highly frequent primary myofascial orofacial pain without pain referral Chronic highly frequent primary myofascial orofascial pain with a report of pain at a site beyond the boundary of the muscle being palpated. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T17:39:54Z ICOP number: 2.1.2.3.2 chronic highly frequent primary myofascial orofacial pain with pain referral Myofascial pain caused by an underlying disorder (inflammation, infection or muscle spasm). PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T17:44:16Z ICOP number: 2.2 secondary myofascial orofacial pain Pain of tendon origin, affected by jaw movement, function or parafunction and replicated by provocation-testing of the relevant masticatory tendon. Limitation of mandibular movement(s) secondary to pain may be present. The temporalis tendon is a common site of tendonitis and may refer pain to the teeth and other nearby structures. Tendonitis can also occur in other masticatory muscle tendons. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T17:46:19Z ICOP number: 2.2.1 myofascial orofacial pain attributed to tendonitis Pain caused by myositis affecting one or more masticatory muscles, with clinical characteristics of inflammation or infection: oedema, erythema and/or increased temperature. It generally arises acutely following direct trauma of the muscle or from infection, or chronically with autoimmune disease. Limitation of unassisted mandibular movements secondary to pain is often present. Calcification of the muscle can occur (i.e. myositis ossificans). PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T17:48:14Z ICOP number: 2.2.2 myofascial orofacial pain attributed to myositis Pain caused by sudden, involuntary, reversible tonic contraction of a muscle. Such spasm may affect any of the masticatory muscles. Acute malocclusion may be present. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T17:49:34Z ICOP number: 2.2.3 myofascial orofacial pain attributed to muscle spasm TMJ pain caused by persistent inflammation of articular tissues (due, for example, to trauma, infection, crystal deposition or autoimmune disorder). TMJ pain is common in TMJ arthritis, but TMJ arthritis can be present without pain. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T17:52:37Z ICOP number: 3.2.1 temporomandibular joint pain attributed to arthritis Temporomandibular joint pain due to arthritis with evidence of systemic inflammatory joint disease but not evidence that associates it with the TMJ pain or no evidence of rheumatological disease. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T17:53:36Z ICOP number: 3.2.1.1 temporomandibular joint pain attributed to non-systemic arthritis Temporomandibular joint due to arthritis with evidence of systemic inflammatory joint disease, pain developed in close temporal relation to other symptoms, and either the pain has significantly worsened in parallel with worsening of the systemic inflammatory joint disease or the pain has significantly improved or resolved with treatment of the systemic inflammatory joint disease. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T17:54:43Z ICOP number: 3.2.1.2 temporomandibular joint pain attributed to systemic arthritis TMJ pain caused by TMJ disc displacement in the absence of TMJ arthritis. TMJ pain can here be due to mechanical derangements within the joint. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T17:58:05Z ICOP number: 3.2.2 temporomandibular joint pain attributed to disc displacement Secondary temporomandibular joint pain due to TMJ disc displacement with reduction that any TMJ noise on jaw movement or function have been reported and clicking, popping, or snapping noises detected with palpation on the jaw opening and closing. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T18:01:04Z ICOP number: 3.2.2.1 temporomandibular joint pain attributed to disc displacement with reduction Temporomandibular joint pain due to disc displacement with reduction with intermittent jaw locking with limited mouth opening. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T18:02:56Z ICOP number: 3.2.2.1.1 temporomandibular joint pain attributed to disc displacement with reduction, with intermittent locking Secondary temporomandibulare join pain due to TMJ disc displacement without reduction, which has been diagnosed by jaw locking or limitation of jaw opening. Along with evidence of pain developing in close temporal relation to the disc dsiplacement, a significant worsening in pain paralelle. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T18:04:14Z ICOP number: 3.2.2.2 temporomandibular joint pain attributed to disc displacement without reduction TMJ pain caused by degenerative joint disorder (osteoarthrosis, osteoarthritis) in the absence of TMJ arthritis. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T18:06:11Z ICOP number: 3.2.3 temporomandibular joint pain due to degenerative joint disease TMJ pain caused by subluxation, in the absence of TMJ arthritis. It is usually acute, and probably due to overstretching of tissues. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T18:06:56Z ICOP number: 3.2.4 temporomandibular joint pain due to subluxation Trigeminal neuralgia with neither electrophysiological tests nor MRI showing significant abnormalities. PMID:32103673 2025-07-01T18:12:38Z ICOP term: 4.1.1.3 idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia Trigeminal neuralgia caused by a multiple sclerosis (MS) plaque or plaques in the pons or trigeminal root entry zone, and associated with other symptoms and/or clinical or laboratory findings of MS. PMID:32103673 2025-07-02T19:04:21Z ICOP number: 4.1.1.2.1 trigeminal neuralgia due to multiple sclerosis Trigeminal neuralgia caused by contact between the affected trigeminal nerve and a space-occupying lesion. PMID:32103673 2025-07-02T19:07:10Z ICOP number: 4.1.1.2.2 trigeminal neuralgia due to space-occupying lesion Classical trigeminal neuralgia with persistent background pain. PMID:32103673 2025-07-02T19:15:13Z ICOP number: 4.1.1.1.2 classical trigeminal neuralgia with concomitant continuous pain Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia with recurrent paroxysms of unilateral facial pain that is concomitant continuous of near-continuous pain between attacks in the affected trigeminal distirbution. PMID:32103673 2025-07-02T19:16:21Z ICOP number: 4.1.1.3.2 idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia with concomitant continuous pain Glossopharyngeal nerve associated pain that occurs within the distribution of the glossopharyngeal nerve (posterior part of the tongue, tonsillar fossa, pharynx or beneath the angle of the lower jaw). In addition, pain is commonly perceived in the ipsilateral ear. The primary pain is usually continuous or near-continuous, and commonly described as burning or squeezing, or likened to pins and needles. Brief paroxysms may be superimposed but they are not the predominant pain type. This combination distinguishes 4.2.2 Glossopharyngeal neuropathic pain from 4.2.1 Glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Sensory deficits may be present in the ipsilateral posterior part of the tongue and tonsillar fossa, and the gag reflex may be weak or missing. PMID:32103673 2025-07-02T19:24:40Z glossopharyngeal neuropathic pain due to a known cause ICOP number: 4.2.2 realted ICOP number: 4.2.2.1 glossopharyngeal neuropathic pain Unilateral continuous or near-continuous pain, with or without superimposed brief paroxysms, in the distribution(s) of the glossopharyngeal nerve and of unknown aetiology. PMID:32103673 2025-07-02T19:28:43Z ICOP number: 4.2.2.2 idiopathic glossopharyngeal neuropathic pain Orofacial pains resembling presentations of primary headaches. PMID:32103673 2025-07-02T19:31:48Z ICOP number: 5 orofacial pain with headache presentation Episodic or chronic pain exclusively in the orofacial region, without head pain, with the characteristics and associated features of 1. Migraine described in ICHD-3. PMID:32103673 2025-07-02T19:32:24Z ICOP number: 5.1 orofacial migraine Recurrent orofacial pain (OFP) attacks, without head pain, lasting 4–72 hours. Typical characteristics of the pain are unilateral location, pulsating quality, moderate or severe intensity, aggravation by routine physical activity and association with nausea and/or photophobia and phonophobia. PMID:32103673 2025-07-02T19:33:53Z ICOP number: 5.1.1 episodic orofacial migraine Facial or oral pain occurring on 15 or more days per month for more than 3 months, which has the features of migraine on at least 8 days per month. PMID:32103673 2025-07-02T19:34:44Z ICOP number: 5.1.2 chronic orofacial migraine Episodic or chronic pain exclusively in the orofacial region, without head pain, with the characteristics and associated features of 2. Tension-type headache described in the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd Edition, which can include pressing or tightening with mild to moderate intensity with bilateral location. PMID:32103673 2025-07-02T19:36:31Z ICOP number: 5.2 tension-type orofacial pain Attacks of pain, exclusively in the orofacial region, without head pain, with the characteristics and associated features of a disorder described under 3. Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias in the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd Edition, which include conjunctival injection and/or lacrimation, nasal congestion and/or rhinorrhoea, eyelid oedema, forehead and facial sweating, miosis and/or ptosis. PMID:32103673 2025-07-02T19:37:03Z ICOP number: 5.3 trigeminal autonomic orofacial pain Attacks of severe, strictly unilateral facial and/or oral pain, without head pain, lasting 15–180 minutes and occurring from once every other day to eight times a day. The pain is associated with ipsilateral conjunctival injection, lacrimation, nasal congestion, rhinorrhoea, forehead and facial sweating, miosis, ptosis and/or eyelid oedema, and/or with restlessness or agitation. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:16:21Z ICOP number: 5.3.1 orofacial cluster attacks Orofacial cluster attacks occurring in periods lasting from 7 days to 1 year, separated by pain-free periods lasting at least 3 months. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:16:59Z ICOP number: 5.3.1.1 episodic orofacial cluster attacks Orofacial cluster attacks occurring for more than 1 year without remission, or with remission periods lasting less than 3 months. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:17:49Z ICOP number: 5.3.1.2 chronic orofacial cluster attacks Attacks of severe, strictly hemifacial pain, without head pain, lasting 2–30 minutes and occurring several or many times a day. The attacks may be associated with ipsilateral conjunctival injection, lacrimation, nasal congestion, rhinorrhoea, forehead and facial sweating, miosis, ptosis and/or eyelid oedema. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:18:22Z ICOP number: 5.3.2 paroxysmal hemifacial pain Attacks of paroxysmal hemifacial pain occurring in periods lasting from 7 days to 1 year, separated by pain-free periods lasting at least 3 months. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:19:05Z ICOP number: 5.3.2.1 episodic paroxysmal hemifacial pain Attacks of paroxysmal hemifacial pain occurring for more than 1 year without remission, or with remission periods lasting less than 3 months. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:22:04Z ICOP number: 5.3.2.2 chronic paroxysmal hemifacial pain Attacks of moderate or severe, strictly unilateral oral and/or facial pain, without head pain, lasting seconds to minutes, occurring at least once a day and usually associated with prominent lacrimation and redness of the ipsilateral eye and/or other local autonomic symptoms and/or signs. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:23:06Z ICOP number: 5.3.3 short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform facial pain attacks with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNFA) Attacks of SUNFA occurring in periods lasting from 7 days to 1 year, separated by pain-free periods lasting at least 3 months. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:26:23Z ICOP number: 5.3.3.1 episodic SUNFA Attacks of SUNFA occurring for more than 1 year without remission, or with remission periods lasting less than 3 months. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:26:56Z ICOP number: 5.3.3.2 chronic SUNFA While no isolated facial equivalent of 3.4 Hemicrania continua, described in International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd Edition,, has so far been clearly established, extension of pain into the face in hemicrania continua has been described. Thus, pain referral and/or radiation to oral and/or facial structures may cause diagnostic difficulties. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:27:44Z ICOP number: 5.3.4 hemifacial continuous pain with autonomic symptoms Attacks of variable duration of moderate or severe intraoral pain, without head pain, often accompanied by toothache-like symptoms, with mild autonomic and/or migrainous symptoms. Two subforms are represented by patients with relatively short attacks (1–4 hours) and those with longer attacks (>4 hours). PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:28:50Z ICOP number: 5.4 neurovascular orofacial pain Neurovascular orofacial pain that lasts between 1-4 hours. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:30:01Z ICOP number: 5.4.1 short-lasting neurovascular orofacial pain Neurovascular orofacial pain that lasts more than 4 hours. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:30:34Z ICOP number: 5.4.2 long-lasting neurovascular orofacial pain Orofacial pain involving unilateral or bilateral intraoral or facial pain in the distribution(s) of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve(s) for which the aetiology is unknown. The pain is usually persistent, of moderate intensity, poorly localized and described as dull, pressing or of burning character. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:31:21Z ICOP number: 6 idiopathic orofacial pain An intraoral burning or dysaesthetic sensation, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months, without evident causative lesions on clinical examination and investigation. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:32:34Z ICOP number: 6.1 burning mouth syndrome (BMS) An intraoral burning or dysaesthetic sensation, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months, unaccompanied by somatosensory changes and without evident causative lesions on clinical examination and investigation. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:33:11Z ICOP number: 6.1.1 burning mouth syndrome without somatosensory changes An intraoral burning or dysaesthetic sensation, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months and accompanied by negative and/or positive somatosensory changes, without evident causative lesion(s) on clinical examination and investigation. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:34:39Z ICOP number: 6.1.2 burning mouth syndrome with somatosensory changes An intraoral burning or dysaesthetic sensation, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day but for less than 3 months, without evident causative lesions on clinical examination and investigation. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:35:50Z ICOP number: 6.1.3 probable burning mouth syndrome Persistent facial pain, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months, in the absence of clinical neurological deficit or preceding causative event. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:36:33Z ICOP number: 6.2 persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP) Persistent facial pain, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months, unaccompanied by somatosensory changes and in the absence of clinical neurological deficit or preceding causative event. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:37:25Z ICOP number: 6.2.1 persistent idiopathic facial pain without somatosensory changes Persistent facial pain, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months and accompanied by negative and/or positive somatosensory changes, in the absence of clinical neurological deficit or preceding causative event. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:38:09Z ICOP number: 6.2.2 persistent idiopathic facial pain with somatosensory changes Facial pain, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day but for less than 3 months, in the absence of clinical neurological deficit or preceding causative event. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:38:41Z ICOP number: 6.2.3 probable persistent idiopathic facial pain Persistent unilateral intraoral dentoalveolar pain, rarely occurring in multiple sites, with variable features but recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months, in the absence of any preceding causative event. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:39:28Z ICOP number: 6.3 persistent idiopathic dentoalveolar pain Persistent unilateral intraoral dentoalveolar pain, rarely occurring in multiple sites, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months, unaccompanied by somatosensory changes and in the absence of any preceding causative event. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:41:16Z ICOP number: 6.3.1 persistent idiopathic dentoalveolar pain without somatosensory changes Persistent unilateral intraoral dentoalveolar pain, rarely occurring in multiple sites, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months and accompanied by negative and/or positive somatosensory changes, in the absence of any preceding causative event. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:41:53Z ICOP number: 6.3.2 persistent idiopathic dentoalveolar pain with somatosensory changes Unilateral intraoral dentoalveolar pain, rarely occurring in multiple sites, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day but for less than 3 months, in the absence of any preceding causative event. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:42:36Z ICOP number: 6.3.3 probable persistent idiopathic dentoalveolar pain Constant (unremitting) dull unilateral facial pain of mild to moderate intensity, accompanied by distinct attacks of moderate to severe pain in the same location lasting 10--30 minutes. There are no typical autonomic and/or migrainoid features accompanying either the constant pain or the additional pain attacks. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:43:15Z ICOP number: 6.4 constant unilateral facial pain with additional attacks (CUFPA) Gingival pain due to gingivitis resulting from an autoimmune disease or disorder. PMID:32103673 2025-07-08T17:26:49Z ICOP number: 1.1.3.1.3 gingival pain due to autoimmunity GIngival pain due to gingivitis resulting from a hypersensitivity or allergic reaction in the gingival tissues. PMID:32103673 2025-07-08T17:28:26Z ICOP number: 1.1.3.1.4 gingival pain attributed to hypersensitivity or allergic reaction Oral mucosal pain due to oralmucosal inflammation resulting from an autoimmue disease. PMID:32103673 2025-07-08T17:29:51Z ICOP number: 1.2.1.1.3 oral mucosal pain due to autoimmunity Oral mucosal pain due to oral mucosal inflammation resulting from a hypersensitivity or allergic reaction in the oral mucosa. PMID:32103673 2025-07-08T17:31:05Z ICOP number: 1.2.1.1.4 oral mucosal pain due to hypersensitivity or allergic reaction Salivary gland pain due to an immunologically mediated disorder. PMID:32103673 2025-07-08T17:37:30Z ICOP number: 1.2.2.4 salivary gland pain due to immunologically mediated disorder Salivary gland pain due to an obstruction of the salivary duct. PMID:32103673 2025-07-08T17:38:39Z ICOP number: 1.2.2.1 salivary gland pain due to obstructive cause Orofacial pain in the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. The primary pain is usually continuous or near-continuous, and commonly described as burning, squeezing, aching or likened to pins and needles. PMID:32103673 2025-07-08T17:40:50Z trigeminal neuropathic pain attributed to other disorder ICOP number: 4.1.2 Superimposed brief pain paroxysms may occur but these are not the predominant pain type. This combination is distinct from that of 4.1.1 Trigeminal neuralgia. There are clinically detectable somatosensory changes within the trigeminal distribution, and mechanical allodynia and cold hyperalgesia/allodynia are common, fulfilling the IASP criteria for neuropathic pain. Allodynic areas may be much larger than the punctate trigger zones present in 4.1.1 Trigeminal neuralgia. related ICOP number: 4.1.2.4 trigeminal neuropathic pain Unilateral facial pain of less than 3 months’ duration in the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve, caused by, and associated with other symptoms and/or clinical signs of, acute herpes zoster. PMID:32103673 2025-07-08T17:41:58Z ICOP number: 4.1.2.1 trigeminal neuropathic pain attributed to herpes zoster Unilateral facial pain persisting or recurring for at least 3 months in the distribution(s) of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve, with variable sensory changes, caused by herpes zoster. PMID:32103673 2025-07-08T17:42:37Z ICOP number: 4.1.2.2 trigeminal postherpetic neuralgia Unilateral or bilateral facial or oral pain following and caused by trauma to the trigeminal nerve(s), with other symptoms and/or clinical signs of trigeminal nerve dysfunction, and persisting or recurring for more than 3 months. PMID:32103673 2025-07-08T17:43:22Z ICOP number: 4.1.2.3 post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathic pain Post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathic pain without a diagnostic test confirmation of a lesion of the peripheral trieminal nerve explaining the pain. PMID:32103673 2025-07-08T17:43:57Z ICOP number: 4.1.2.3.1 probable post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathic pain Unilateral or bilateral facial pain in the distribution(s) of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve, indicative of neural damage and persisting or recurring for more than 3 months, but of unknown aetiology. PMID:32103673 2025-07-08T17:45:22Z ICOP number: 4.1.2.5 idiopathic trigeminal neuropathic pain A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities PATO:0000072 quality PATO:0000001 quality A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities PATOC:GVG A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's orientation in space. quality PATO:0000039 TODO: consider merging with angular placement. direction A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's orientation in space. thesaurus.maths:thesaurus.maths A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the number of the bearer's repetitive actions in a particular time. quality PATO:0000044 frequency A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the number of the bearer's repetitive actions in a particular time. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/frequency A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. quality PATO:0000051 morphology A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. PATOC:GVG A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence. PATO:0000156 PATO:0000158 temporal incidence quality PATO:0000057 occurrence A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence. PATOC:GVG A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting repetition of placement of its parts. PATO:0000132 PATO:0001565 distribution quality pattern PATO:0000060 spatial pattern A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting repetition of placement of its parts. PATOC:GVG A quality of an entity that is descriptive or observational, typically not represented numerically. quality PATO:0000068 TODO: define this or obsolete it and move children somewhere else. qualitative A quality of an entity that is descriptive or observational, typically not represented numerically. https://libguides.macalester.edu/c.php?g=527786&p=3608639 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470395/ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average. quality PATO:0000069 deviation (from_normal) A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average. PATOC:GVG A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity. PATO:0001032 PATO:0001631 location placement relational spatial quality quality PATO:0000140 position A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity. PATOC:GVG A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. PATO:0001452 conformation relational structural quality quality PATO:0000141 structure A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. PATOC:GVG conformation VT:1000738 A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence per unit time. quality PATO:0000161 rate A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence per unit time. PATOC:melissa A directional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's direction that is similar to the direction of an object to the north when it faces east. quality PATO:0000366 left A directional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's direction that is similar to the direction of an object to the north when it faces east. PATOC:GVG A directional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's direction that is similar to the direction of an object to the north when it faces west. quality PATO:0000367 right A directional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's direction that is similar to the direction of an object to the north when it faces west. PATOC:GVG A frequency which is relatively high. high frequency quality frequent PATO:0000380 increased frequency A frequency which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A frequency which is relatively low. low frequency quality infrequent PATO:0000381 decreased frequency A frequency which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a sudden onset, sharp rise, and short course. quality PATO:0000389 acute A quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a sudden onset, sharp rise, and short course. dictionary:reference A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting no deviation from normal or average. quality average PATO:0000461 normal A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting no deviation from normal or average. PATOC:GVG A spatial pattern quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being confined or restricted to a particular location. focal localised quality PATO:0000627 localized A spatial pattern quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being confined or restricted to a particular location. WordNet:WordNet A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being uninterrupted in time, sequence, substance, or extent. PATO:0000429 uninterrupted quality PATO:0000689 continuous A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being uninterrupted in time, sequence, substance, or extent. thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com A rate which is relatively low. slow rate quality PATO:0000911 decreased rate A rate which is relatively low. PATO:GVG A rate which is relatively high. fast rate high rate quality PATO:0000912 increased rate A rate which is relatively high. PATO:GVG A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. PATO:0002079 Wikipedia:Physical_property relational physical quality quality PATO:0001018 physical quality A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. PATOC:GVG A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer has been harmed or injured or spoiled. quality PATO:0001020 damage A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer has been harmed or injured or spoiled. WordNet:WordNet A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being harmed or injured or spoiled, such that its functionality is impaired. quality PATO:0001167 damaged A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being harmed or injured or spoiled, such that its functionality is impaired. WordNet:WordNet A quality which inheres in an process. PATO:0001239 PATO:0001240 quality of a process quality of occurrent quality of process relational quality of occurrent quality PATO:0001236 See comments of relational quality of a physical entity. process quality A quality which inheres in an process. PATOC:GVG A quality which inheres in a continuant. PATO:0001237 PATO:0001238 snap:Quality monadic quality of a continuant multiply inhering quality of a physical entity quality of a continuant quality of a single physical entity quality of an object quality of continuant monadic quality of an object monadic quality of continuant quality PATO:0001241 Relational qualities are qualities that hold between multiple entities. Normal (monadic) qualities such as the shape of a eyeball exist purely as a quality of that eyeball. A relational quality such as sensitivity to light is a quality of that eyeball (and connecting nervous system) as it relates to incoming light waves/particles. physical object quality A quality which inheres in a continuant. PATOC:GVG A process quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of the temporal extent between the starting and ending point. PATO:0000081 period quality time PATO:0001309 duration A process quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of the temporal extent between the starting and ending point. PATOC:mellybelly A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer includes all its components. quality PATO:0001442 wholeness A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer includes all its components. thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's components no longer being in a single contiguous unit. PATO:0001443 PATO:0001820 fragmented fractured quality cracked hemorrhaged split torn PATO:0001444 broken A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's components no longer being in a single contiguous unit. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4606-0597 A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial positioning with respect to an additional entity. quality PATO:0001652 alignment A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial positioning with respect to an additional entity. PATOC:GVG An alignment quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being in a proper spatial positioning with respect to an additional entity. aligned quality aligned to PATO:0001653 aligned with An alignment quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being in a proper spatial positioning with respect to an additional entity. PATO:GVG A duration quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having slow progressive course of indefinite duration. quality PATO:0001863 chronic A duration quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having slow progressive course of indefinite duration. PATOC:cjm 2009-06-05T09:16:46Z quality PATO:0002062 physical quality of a process A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. 2011-06-16T06:39:43Z quality PATO:0002300 increased quality A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. 2011-06-16T06:40:15Z quality PATO:0002301 decreased quality A quality that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality of a process that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. 2011-06-16T06:50:59Z quality PATO:0002302 decreased process quality A quality of a process that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality of a process that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. 2011-06-16T06:53:08Z quality PATO:0002304 increased process quality A quality of a process that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A temporal distribution pattern of process occurrences within a regulation/reference process. 2011-11-22T01:12:28Z quality PATO:0002323 temporal distribution quality A temporal distribution pattern of process occurrences within a regulation/reference process. PATOC:LC An occurrence quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a course that occurs occasionally. 2014-05-26T06:50:16Z quality PATO:0002630 episodic An occurrence quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a course that occurs occasionally. PATO:MAH A broken quality where an entity is cracked or broken, usually a bone. Replace with PATO term quality PATO:0040034 fractured A broken quality where an entity is cracked or broken, usually a bone. https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html The number of repeated events per unit time, occurring in a repeating series. (e.g. the number of heart beats occurring over 1 minute) quality PATO:0050000 rate of occurence The number of repeated events per unit time, occurring in a repeating series. (e.g. the number of heart beats occurring over 1 minute) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9943-9018 A rate of occurrence that is relatively high. 2020-08-19T09:23:19Z quality PATO:0055003 increased rate of occurrence A rate of occurrence that is relatively high. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4148-4606 A rate of occurrence that is relatively low. 2020-08-19T09:24:35Z quality PATO:0055004 decreased rate of occurrence A rate of occurrence that is relatively low. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4148-4606 An exposure event in which a human is exposed to particulate matter in the air. Here the exposure stimulus/stress is the particulate matter, the receptor is the airways and lungs of the human, An exposure event in which a plant is provided with fertilizer. The exposure receptor is the root system of the plant, the stimulus is the fertilizing chemical, the route is via the soil, possibly mediated by symbotic microbes. A process occurring within or in the vicinity of an organism that exerts some causal influence on the organism via the interaction between an exposure stimulus and an exposure receptor. The exposure stimulus may be a process, material entity or condition (for example, lack of nutrients). The exposure receptor can be an organism, organism population or a part of an organism. This class is intended as a grouping for various domain and species-specific exposure classes. The ExO class http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ExO_0000002 'exposure event' assumes that all exposures involve stressors, which limits the applicability of this class to 'positive' exposures, e.g. exposing a plant to beneficial growing conditions. 2017-06-05T17:55:39Z exposure event or process https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/pull/173 A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated. May be replaced by a BFO class, as discussed in http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 Chris Mungall http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 system A process that is the means during which the pathogen is transmitted directly or indirectly from its natural reservoir, a susceptible host or source to a new host. Suggested definition: A process by which a pathogen passes from one host organism to a second host organism of the same Species. Suggested label: pathogen transmission process Transmission Ontology: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/trans.owl transmission process A layer of dense irregular connective tissue that lines organs and supports the mucosa, as well as joins the mucosa to the bulk of underlying smooth muscle. [WP,unvetted]. submucosal BTO:0002107 FMA:85391 FMA:85392 NCIT:C13167 SCTID:68439008 UMLS:C0225344 Wikipedia:Submucosa organ submucosa region of submucosa submucosa of organ submucosa of region of organ submucous layer tela submucosa tunica submucosa UBERON:0000009 submucosa http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Ens.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Ens.png/200px-Ens.png A layer of dense irregular connective tissue that lines organs and supports the mucosa, as well as joins the mucosa to the bulk of underlying smooth muscle. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Submucosa UMLS:C0225344 ncithesaurus:Submucosa organ submucosa FMA:85391 region of submucosa FMA:85392 submucosa of organ FMA:85391 submucosa of region of organ FMA:85392 submucous layer BTO:0002107 tela submucosa BTO:0002107 An organ that is capable of transducing sensory stimulus to the nervous system. AEO:0000094 BSA:0000121 BTO:0000202 CALOHA:TS-2043 EHDAA2:0001824 EHDAA:500 EMAPA:35955 FBbt:00005155 GAID:63 HAO:0000930 MA:0000017 MESH:D012679 NCIT:C33224 SCTID:244485009 UMLS:C0935626 VHOG:0001407 WBbt:0006929 organ of sense organ system organ of sensory organ system organ of sensory system sense organ system organ sensory organ sensory organ system organ sensory system organ sensillum Sinnesorgan sensor UBERON:0000020 sense organ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Gray722.png An organ that is capable of transducing sensory stimulus to the nervous system. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/549 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 FBbt:00005155 UMLS:C0935626 ncithesaurus:Organ_of_the_Special_Sense organ of sense organ system OBOL:accepted organ of sensory organ system OBOL:accepted organ of sensory system OBOL:accepted sense organ system organ OBOL:automatic sensory organ system organ OBOL:automatic sensory system organ OBOL:accepted sensillum WBbt:0006929 Sinnesorgan BTO:0000202 Any of the rounded masses of lymphoid tissue that are surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue, are distributed along the lymphatic vessels, and contain numerous lymphocytes which filter the flow of lymph. Lymph nodes that are associated with the lymphatic system have evolved in mammals.[well established][VHOG] BTO:0000784 CALOHA:TS-0579 EFO:0000872 EMAPA:35523 EV:0100050 FMA:5034 GAID:947 MA:0000139 MAT:0000442 MESH:D008198 NCIT:C12745 NCIT:C33027 SCTID:181756000 TAO_RETIRED:0005318 UMLS:C0024204 VHOG:0001273 Wikipedia:Lymph_node ZFA_RETIRED:0005318 galen:Lymphnode lymph gland nodus lymphaticus UBERON:0000029 lymph node https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/650 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Illu_lymph_node_structure.png Any of the rounded masses of lymphoid tissue that are surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue, are distributed along the lymphatic vessels, and contain numerous lymphocytes which filter the flow of lymph. BTO:0000784 Lymph nodes that are associated with the lymphatic system have evolved in mammals.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001273 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.630 http://bgee.unil.ch/ UMLS:C0024204 ncithesaurus:Lymph_Node lymph gland VHOG:0001273 nodus lymphaticus Wikipedia:Lymph_node A thin layer of loose connective tissue which lies beneath the epithelium and together with the epithelium constitutes the mucosa[WP]. The lamina propria contains capillaries and a central lacteal (lymph vessel) in the small intestine, as well as lymphoid tissue. Lamina propria also contains glands with the ducts opening on to the mucosal epithelium, that secrete mucus and serous secretions. BTO:0002330 FMA:62517 NCIT:C32918 SCTID:298225002 UMLS:C1179187 Wikipedia:Lamina_propria lamina propria mucosa lamina propria mucosae tunica propria UBERON:0000030 lamina propria https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/GI_Organization.svg A thin layer of loose connective tissue which lies beneath the epithelium and together with the epithelium constitutes the mucosa[WP]. The lamina propria contains capillaries and a central lacteal (lymph vessel) in the small intestine, as well as lymphoid tissue. Lamina propria also contains glands with the ducts opening on to the mucosal epithelium, that secrete mucus and serous secretions. Wikipedia:Lamina_propria UMLS:C1179187 ncithesaurus:Lamina_Propria tunica propria BTO:0002330 Multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer (mesothelium) and a connective tissue layer. A multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer.[TAO] a smooth membrane consisting of a thin layer of cells which excrete serous fluid. Serous membranes line and enclose several body cavities, known as serous cavities, where they secrete a lubricating fluid which reduces friction from muscle movement. Serosa is not to be confused with adventitia, a connective tissue layer which binds together structures rather than reducing friction between them. Each serous membrane is composed of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer underneath. The epithelial layer, known as mesothelium, consists of a single layer of avascular flat nucleated cells (cuboidal epithelium) which produce the lubricating serous fluid. This fluid has a consistency similar to thin mucus. These cells are bound tightly to the underlying connective tissue. The connective tissue layer provides the blood vessels and nerves for the overlying secretory cells, and also serves as the binding layer which allows the whole serous membrane to adhere to organs and other structures.[WP] in FMA, SM = mesothelium + connective tissue. It excludes the cavity. Serous sac = SM + cavity. Note that the SM is a subtype of wall in FMA. FMA:9581 GAID:19 MESH:D012704 NCIT:C13169 SCTID:362878009 TAO:0005425 UMLS:C0036760 Wikipedia:Serous_membrane ZFA:0005425 tunica serosa wall of serous sac serosa UBERON:0000042 serous membrane http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Ens.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Ens.png/200px-Ens.png Multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer (mesothelium) and a connective tissue layer. Wikipedia:Serous_membrane https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86 A multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0005425 TAO Wikipedia:Serous_membrane a smooth membrane consisting of a thin layer of cells which excrete serous fluid. Serous membranes line and enclose several body cavities, known as serous cavities, where they secrete a lubricating fluid which reduces friction from muscle movement. Serosa is not to be confused with adventitia, a connective tissue layer which binds together structures rather than reducing friction between them. Each serous membrane is composed of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer underneath. The epithelial layer, known as mesothelium, consists of a single layer of avascular flat nucleated cells (cuboidal epithelium) which produce the lubricating serous fluid. This fluid has a consistency similar to thin mucus. These cells are bound tightly to the underlying connective tissue. The connective tissue layer provides the blood vessels and nerves for the overlying secretory cells, and also serves as the binding layer which allows the whole serous membrane to adhere to organs and other structures.[WP] Wikipedia:Serous_membrane in FMA, SM = mesothelium + connective tissue. It excludes the cavity. Serous sac = SM + cavity. Note that the SM is a subtype of wall in FMA. FMA UMLS:C0036760 ncithesaurus:Serosa tunica serosa FMA:9581 wall of serous sac FMA:9581 serosa Wikipedia:Serous_membrane Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone[VSAO]. Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.[VSAO] Phylogenetically, tendinous tissue first appears in the invertebrate chordate Branchiostoma as myosepta. This two-dimensional array of collagen fibers is highly organized, with fibers running along two primary axes. In hagfish the first linear tendons appear and the myosepta have developed specialized regions with unidirectional fiber orientation - a linear tendon within the flat sheet of myoseptum.[well established][VHOG] in FMA, tendon is an organ component that with parts dense-irregular-connective-tissue of tendon and dense-irregular-connective-tissue of tendon sheath; we follow VSAO in making it a subtype of the former. In VSAO tendons connect muscle to bone; in WP the def states integument (e.g. auricular muscles) - but JB confirms this is not actually tendon but aponeurosis AEO:0000091 BTO:0001356 CALOHA:TS-1021 EHDAA2:0003091 EMAPA:35854 EV:0100149 FMA:9721 GAID:276 MA:0000115 MESH:D013710 NCIT:C13045 SCTID:256667004 UMLS:C0039508 VHOG:0001286 VSAO:0000073 Wikipedia:Tendon XAO:0000173 ZFA:0005647 galen:Tendon sinew tendo UBERON:0000043 tendon http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Achilles-tendon.jpg Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone[VSAO]. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:0000073 Wikipedia:Tendon http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000073 VSAO PSPUB:0000170 Phylogenetically, tendinous tissue first appears in the invertebrate chordate Branchiostoma as myosepta. This two-dimensional array of collagen fibers is highly organized, with fibers running along two primary axes. In hagfish the first linear tendons appear and the myosepta have developed specialized regions with unidirectional fiber orientation - a linear tendon within the flat sheet of myoseptum.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001286 VHOG DOI:10.1016/S1095-6433(02)00241-6 Summers AP, Koob TJ, The evolution of tendon - morphology and material properties. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology (2002) http://bgee.unil.ch/ in FMA, tendon is an organ component that with parts dense-irregular-connective-tissue of tendon and dense-irregular-connective-tissue of tendon sheath; we follow VSAO in making it a subtype of the former. In VSAO tendons connect muscle to bone; in WP the def states integument (e.g. auricular muscles) - but JB confirms this is not actually tendon but aponeurosis FMA UMLS:C0039508 ncithesaurus:Tendon sinew Wikipedia:Tendon tendo Wikipedia:Tendon Organ component adjacent to an organ cavity and which consists of a maximal aggregate of organ component layers. in FMA, serosa is a wall UBERON:0009915 wall FMA:82482 galen:Wall wall of organ organ wall UBERON:0000060 anatomical wall Organ component adjacent to an organ cavity and which consists of a maximal aggregate of organ component layers. FMA:82482 in FMA, serosa is a wall FMA wall of organ FMA:82482 organ wall FMA:82482 Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. AAO:0010825 AEO:0000003 BILA:0000003 CARO:0000003 EHDAA2:0003003 EMAPA:0 FAO:0000001 FBbt:00007001 FMA:305751 FMA:67135 GAID:781 HAO:0000003 MA:0003000 MESH:D000825 SCTID:362889002 TAO:0000037 TGMA:0001823 VHOG:0001759 XAO:0003000 ZFA:0000037 http://dbpedia.org/ontology/AnatomicalStructure biological structure connected biological structure UBERON:0000061 anatomical structure anatomical structure Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. CARO:0000003 FBbt:00007001 connected biological structure CARO:0000003 Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. CARO v1 does not include a generic 'organ' class, only simple and compound organ. CARO v2 may include organ, see https://github.com/obophenotype/caro/issues/4 BIRNLEX:4 CARO:0020004 EFO:0000634 EMAPA:35949 ENVO:01000162 FMA:67498 MA:0003001 NCIT:C13018 SCTID:272625005 UMLS:C0178784 WBbt:0003760 Wikipedia:Organ_(anatomy) anatomical unit body organ element UBERON:0000062 organ Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. Wikipedia:Organ_(anatomy) Wikipedia Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. GO:0048513 UMLS:C0178784 ncithesaurus:Organ element http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A part of an organ that constitutes a distinct modular sub-unit. In some cases, the organ may also contain other sub-units of identical or similar types, in other cases this may be a distinct entity. FMA distinguishes segment from zone by whether the fiat boundaries are fixed/anchored (segments) or floating (zone). It's not completely clear how to apply this distinction Organ region with one or more anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyeball. Organ region with one or more fixed or anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyebal. FMA:86140 organ region with fixed fiat boundary organ segment segment of organ UBERON:0000063 organ subunit A part of an organ that constitutes a distinct modular sub-unit. In some cases, the organ may also contain other sub-units of identical or similar types, in other cases this may be a distinct entity. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Organ region with one or more anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyeball. FMA:86140 3 Organ region with one or more fixed or anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyebal. FMA:86140 1 organ region with fixed fiat boundary FMA:86140 organ segment FMA:86140 segment of organ FMA:86140 A multicellular structure that is a part of an organ. currently defined in a very broad sense, may be replaced by more specific classes in the future AAO:0011124 BIRNLEX:16 EFO:0000635 FMA:82472 SCTID:113343008 SCTID:91717005 cardinal organ part regional part of organ UBERON:0000064 organ part A multicellular structure that is a part of an organ. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cardinal organ part FMA:82472 regional part of organ BIRNLEX:16 Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. UBERON:0010322 FMA:85544 NCIT:C34076 SCTID:118966000 UMLS:C1519343 galen:ComplexSkeletalStructure skeletal system subdivision skeletal system part UBERON:0000075 subdivision of skeletal system Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. UBERONREF:0000003 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 UMLS:C1519343 ncithesaurus:Skeletal_System_Part skeletal system subdivision FMA:85544 Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue organized into a sheet which interconnects two or more organs, separates two or more body spaces from one another, or surrounds an organ or body part. Examples: interosseous membrane of forearm, obturator membrane, tympanic membrane, fibrous pericardium, fascia lata, dura mater. [FMA]. 2009-07-30T05:19:13Z membrane FMA:7145 membrane of organ UBERON:0000094 membrane organ Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue organized into a sheet which interconnects two or more organs, separates two or more body spaces from one another, or surrounds an organ or body part. Examples: interosseous membrane of forearm, obturator membrane, tympanic membrane, fibrous pericardium, fascia lata, dura mater. [FMA]. FMA:7145 A thin sheet or layer of pliable tissue, serving as a covering or envelope of a part, as the lining of a cavity, as a partition or septum, or to connect two structures. membrane FMA:30322 FMA:82500 MESH:D008566 NCIT:C12749 membranous organ component UBERON:0000158 membranous layer A thin sheet or layer of pliable tissue, serving as a covering or envelope of a part, as the lining of a cavity, as a partition or septum, or to connect two structures. ncithesaurus:Membrane membranous organ component FMA:82500 The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate. Typically also includes the teeth, except where these occur elsewhere (e.g. pharyngeal jaws) or protrude from the mouth (tusks). Cavity in which food is initially ingested and generally contains teeth, tongue and glands.[AAO] Molecular and developmental cell lineage data suggest that the acoel mouth opening is homologous to the mouth of protostomes and deuterostomes and that the last common ancestor of the Bilateria (the 'urbilaterian') had only this single digestive opening.[well established][VHOG] oral some AOs place this as developing from the stomodeum but we weaken this to developmental contribution, as the mouth includes non-ectodermal derivatives in FMA, the tongue, palate etc are part of the mouth which is itself a subdivision of the face. ZFA includes a separate class 'oral region' which is part of the mouth, but excludes tongue and lips AAO:0010355 BTO:0001090 BTO:0004698 CALOHA:TS-1315 EFO:0000825 EHDAA2:0001326 EHDAA:542 EMAPA:16262 FBbt:00003126 FMA:49184 GAID:75 MA:0000341 MA:0002474 MAT:0000038 MESH:D009055 MIAA:0000038 SCTID:21082005 TADS:0000040 TAO:0000547 TAO:0000590 TGMA:0000131 VHOG:0000280 VHOG:0000812 Wikipedia:Mouth XAO:0003029 ZFA:0000547 ZFA:0000590 galen:Mouth http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/images/lamprey_sucker_rosava_3238889218.jpg regio oralis adult mouth cavital oralis cavitas oris cavum oris mouth cavity oral region oral vestibule rima oris stoma stomatodaeum trophic apparatus vestibule of mouth vestibulum oris UBERON:0000165 mouth https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/661 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Mouth_illustration-Otis_Archives.jpg https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-female/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-f-mouth.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-male/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-m-mouth.glb The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate. Typically also includes the teeth, except where these occur elsewhere (e.g. pharyngeal jaws) or protrude from the mouth (tusks). Wikipedia:Mouth https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-digestive-tract Cavity in which food is initially ingested and generally contains teeth, tongue and glands.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010355 AAO AAO:BJB Molecular and developmental cell lineage data suggest that the acoel mouth opening is homologous to the mouth of protostomes and deuterostomes and that the last common ancestor of the Bilateria (the 'urbilaterian') had only this single digestive opening.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000812 VHOG DOI:10.1038/nature07309 Hejnol A, Martindale MQ, Acoel development indicates the independent evolution of the bilaterian mouth and anus. Nature (2008) http://bgee.unil.ch/ in FMA, the tongue, palate etc are part of the mouth which is itself a subdivision of the face. ZFA includes a separate class 'oral region' which is part of the mouth, but excludes tongue and lips FMA FBbt:00003126 regio oralis BTO:0004698 FMA:49184 FMA:TA cavital oralis Wikipedia:Mouth cavitas oris BTO:0001090 cavum oris BTO:0001090 mouth cavity BTO:0001090 oral region EHDAA2:0001326 oral vestibule BTO:0001090 rima oris BTO:0001090 stomatodaeum VHOG:0000812 trophic apparatus http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 vestibule of mouth BTO:0001090 vestibulum oris BTO:0001090 Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ. Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi by connective tissue. Examples: sutural ligament, radiate sternocostal ligament, ligament of liver, ovarian ligament[FMA][FMA:21496]. Portion of connective tissue that connects bone or cartilage.[TAO] Compared with their Ediacarian predecessor, Cambrian animals in general were characterized by their much stouter bodies. The stoutness of the body is likely due to the formation of ligaments and tendons, which in turn requires the crosslinking of collagen triple helices.[well established][VHOG] this groups both skeletal and non-skeletal ligaments. What is called a 'ligament' in many AOs is actually a skeletal ligament CALOHA:TS-2145 EFO:0001966 EMAPA:35493 FMA:21496 FMA:30319 MA:0000113 MESH:D008022 NCIT:C13046 SCTID:182358004 TAO:0001682 UMLS:C0023685 VHOG:0001272 Wikipedia:Ligament XAO:0004031 ZFA:0001675 galen:Ligament ligament organ UBERON:0000211 ligament https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Knee_diagram.svg Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:0000073 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi by connective tissue. Examples: sutural ligament, radiate sternocostal ligament, ligament of liver, ovarian ligament[FMA][FMA:21496]. FMA:21496 Portion of connective tissue that connects bone or cartilage.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001682 TAO TAO:wd Compared with their Ediacarian predecessor, Cambrian animals in general were characterized by their much stouter bodies. The stoutness of the body is likely due to the formation of ligaments and tendons, which in turn requires the crosslinking of collagen triple helices.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001272 VHOG PMID:8710894 Ohno S, The notion of the Cambrian pananimalia genome. PNAS (1996) http://bgee.unil.ch/ UMLS:C0023685 ncithesaurus:Ligament ligament organ FMA:21496 A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP]. mucosal FMA has mucosa vs region of mucosa; these are subtypes of Mucosa: Mucosa of gallbladder, tongue, .... The following are subtypes of Region of mucosa: Mucosa of zone of stomach, trachea, bronchus, dorsum of tongue.... Depends on whether the covered area is an organ or organ component. Uberon does not regard organ vs organ component as crucial distinction and thus collapses these into a single class deliberately AEO:0000199 BTO:0000886 CALOHA:TS-2031 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003234 EV:0100382 FMA:85355 FMA:85358 GAID:297 MESH:D009092 NCIT:C13166 SCTID:361693009 UMLS:C0026724 Wikipedia:Mucous_membrane galen:Mucosa mucosa of organ mucosa of organ part mucosal region mucous membrane organ mucosa region of mucosa tunica mucosa UBERON:0000344 mucosa http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Ens.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Ens.png/200px-Ens.png A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP]. Wikipedia:Mucous_membrane FMA has mucosa vs region of mucosa; these are subtypes of Mucosa: Mucosa of gallbladder, tongue, .... The following are subtypes of Region of mucosa: Mucosa of zone of stomach, trachea, bronchus, dorsum of tongue.... Depends on whether the covered area is an organ or organ component. Uberon does not regard organ vs organ component as crucial distinction and thus collapses these into a single class deliberately FMA UMLS:C0026724 ncithesaurus:Mucosa mucosa of organ FMA:85355 mucosa of organ part FMA:85358 mucosal region FMA:85358 mucous membrane FMA:85355 organ mucosa FMA:85355 region of mucosa FMA:85358 tunica mucosa BTO:0000886 Wikipedia:Mucous_membrane The muscular portion of the tongue. The lamprey head contains another group of muscles, the epi- and hypo-branchial muscles (EBM and HBM), derivatives of anterior trunk myotomes. (...) The origin and the migration pattern of HBM precursors are very similar to that of the gnathostome MPP, especially to that of the tongue muscle precursors. Other evidence of homology of lamprey HBM to the gnathostome tongue muscle is that HBM is innervated by the nerve termed the hypoglossal nerve based on its morphological position associated with the head/trunk interface. (...) The HBM-specific expression of the LampPax3/7 gene is consistent with the homology of this muscle to the gnathostome tongue muscle, or to the hypobranchial series as a whole (including the infrahyoid and possibly the diaphragm in mammals).[well established][VHOG] BTO:0001386 EHDAA2:0002065 EHDAA:9146 EMAPA:17883 FMA:46689 MA:0001596 NCIT:C49301 NCIT:C52707 SCTID:244781004 UMLS:C0448325 UMLS:C1710437 VHOG:0001390 Wikipedia:Muscles_of_tongue muscle of tongue muscle organ of tongue skeletal muscle tissue of tongue tongue skeletal muscle tongue skeletal muscle tissue musculi linguae UBERON:0000378 tongue muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Gray1019.png The muscular portion of the tongue. MP:0004136 Wikipedia:Muscles_of_tongue The lamprey head contains another group of muscles, the epi- and hypo-branchial muscles (EBM and HBM), derivatives of anterior trunk myotomes. (...) The origin and the migration pattern of HBM precursors are very similar to that of the gnathostome MPP, especially to that of the tongue muscle precursors. Other evidence of homology of lamprey HBM to the gnathostome tongue muscle is that HBM is innervated by the nerve termed the hypoglossal nerve based on its morphological position associated with the head/trunk interface. (...) The HBM-specific expression of the LampPax3/7 gene is consistent with the homology of this muscle to the gnathostome tongue muscle, or to the hypobranchial series as a whole (including the infrahyoid and possibly the diaphragm in mammals).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001390 VHOG DOI:10.1002/dvdy.20587 Kusakabe R, Kuratani S, Evolution and developmental patterning of the vertebrate skeletal muscles: perspectives from the lamprey. Developmental Dynamics (2005) http://bgee.unil.ch/ UMLS:C0448325 ncithesaurus:Tongue_Muscle UMLS:C1710437 ncithesaurus:Tongue_Skeletal_Muscle_Tissue muscle of tongue FMA:46689 muscle organ of tongue OBOL:accepted skeletal muscle tissue of tongue OBOL:automatic tongue skeletal muscle OBOL:automatic tongue skeletal muscle tissue OBOL:automatic musculi linguae Wikipedia:Muscles_of_tongue Any of the large papillae, which have multiple taste buds in the trough surrounding the papillae, located near the base and on the dorsal side of the tongue. Any one of the largest papilla of the tongue, 8 to 12 in number, arranged in the form of a V anterior to the sulcus terminalis of the tongu[BTO:0001705, Wikipedia:Vallate_papilla]e UBERON:0002927 BIRNLEX:4106_2 BTO:0001705 EMAPA:18271 FMA:54822 MA:0001594 NCIT:C32322 SCTID:69517000 UMLS:C0226965 UMLS:C1182961 UMLS:C1267555 Wikipedia:Vallate_papilla circumvallate papilla circumvallate papilla of tongue papilla vallatae vallate papilla of tongue circumvallate papillae UBERON:0000396 vallate papilla http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Gray1015.png https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-female/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-f-mouth.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-male/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-m-mouth.glb Any of the large papillae, which have multiple taste buds in the trough surrounding the papillae, located near the base and on the dorsal side of the tongue. MGI:smb MP:0006258 Any one of the largest papilla of the tongue, 8 to 12 in number, arranged in the form of a V anterior to the sulcus terminalis of the tongu[BTO:0001705, Wikipedia:Vallate_papilla]e BTO:0001705, Wikipedia:Vallate_papilla UMLS:C0226965 BIRNLEX:4106_2 UMLS:C1182961 BIRNLEX:4106_2 ncithesaurus:Circumvallate_Papilla UMLS:C1267555 BIRNLEX:4106_2 circumvallate papilla MA:0001594 circumvallate papilla of tongue FMA:54822 papilla vallatae FMA:71449 FMA:TA circumvallate papillae The upturned perpendicular extremity of the mandible. BTO:0001751 EMAPA:25100 FMA:52828 MA:0002815 SCTID:361739000 Wikipedia:Ramus_of_the_mandible mandible ramus ramus of mandible lower ramus rami mandibulae ramus mandibulae UBERON:0000401 mandibular ramus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray176.png The upturned perpendicular extremity of the mandible. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0010150 mandible ramus MA:0002815 ramus of mandible FMA:52828 lower ramus Wikipedia:Ramus_of_the_mandible rami mandibulae Wikipedia:Ramus_of_the_mandible ramus mandibulae Wikipedia:Ramus_of_the_mandible A portion of organism substance that is produced by exocrine glands. BTO has two distunct classes, with exocrine glandular secretion a subtype of secretion - however, all examples in BTO directly under secretion appear to be exocrine gland secretions UBERON:0006540 secretion AEO:0001005 BTO:0002977 BTO:0002979 EMAPA:36535 FMA:9675 MA:0002504 MESH:D012634 NCIT:C34062 UMLS:C1516992 galen:Secretion bodily secretion exocrine gland fluid/secretion secreted substance exocrine gland fluid exocrine gland fluid or secretion exocrine gland secretion external secretion UBERON:0000456 secretion of exocrine gland A portion of organism substance that is produced by exocrine glands. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 BTO has two distunct classes, with exocrine glandular secretion a subtype of secretion - however, all examples in BTO directly under secretion appear to be exocrine gland secretions BTO secretion FMA:9675 UMLS:C1516992 ncithesaurus:Exocrine_Gland_Fluid_or_Secretion bodily secretion MESH:D012634 exocrine gland fluid/secretion MA:0002504 external secretion BTO:0002977 Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. AAO:0010839 AEO:0000004 BILA:0000004 CALOHA:TS-2101 CARO:0000004 EHDAA2:0003004 EMAPA:35178 FBbt:00007019 FMA:9669 HAO:0000004 MA:0002450 NCIT:C13236 SPD:0000008 TAO:0001487 TGMA:0001824 VHOG:0001726 XAO:0004001 ZFA:0001487 galen:BodySubstance body fluid or substance body substance organism substance portion of body substance portion of organism substance UBERON:0000463 organism substance Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 FBbt:00007019 body fluid or substance MA:0002450 body substance FMA:9669 organism substance CARO:0000004 portion of body substance FMA:9669 portion of organism substance ZFA:0001487 Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. lumen space AAO:0010110 AEO:0000005 BILA:0000005 CARO:0000005 EHDAA2:0003005 FBbt:00007017 FMA:5897 HAO:0000005 NCIT:C94478 TAO:0001668 TGMA:0001825 UMLS:C0524461 VHOG:0001728 XAO:0003190 ZFA:0001643 lumen space anatomical spaces UBERON:0000464 anatomical space Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 FBbt:00007017 UMLS:C0524461 ncithesaurus:Lumen_Space anatomical spaces ZFA:0001643 Anatomical entity that has mass. AAO:0010264 AEO:0000006 BILA:0000006 CARO:0000006 EHDAA2:0003006 FBbt:00007016 FMA:67165 HAO:0000006 TAO:0001836 TGMA:0001826 VHOG:0001721 UBERON:0000465 material anatomical entity material anatomical entity Anatomical entity that has mass. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 FBbt:00007016 Anatomical entity that has no mass. AAO:0010265 AEO:0000007 BILA:0000007 CARO:0000007 EHDAA2:0003007 FBbt:00007015 FMA:67112 HAO:0000007 TAO:0001835 TGMA:0001827 VHOG:0001727 immaterial physical anatomical entity UBERON:0000466 immaterial anatomical entity Anatomical entity that has no mass. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 FBbt:00007015 immaterial physical anatomical entity FMA:67112 Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. system AAO:0000007 AEO:0000011 BILA:0000011 BIRNLEX:14 BSA:0000049 CALOHA:TS-2088 CARO:0000011 EHDAA2:0003011 EHDAA:392 EMAPA:16103 EV:0100000 FBbt:00004856 FMA:7149 HAO:0000011 IDOMAL:0002460 MA:0000003 NCIT:C12919 SCTID:278195005 TAO:0001439 TGMA:0001831 UMLS:C0460002 VHOG:0001725 WBbt:0005746 WBbt:0005763 Wikipedia:Organ_system XAO:0003002 ZFA:0001439 galen:AnatomicalSystem body system connected anatomical system organ system anatomical systems UBERON:0000467 anatomical system Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. CARO:0000011 system GO:0048731 FBbt:00004856 IDOMAL:0002460 UMLS:C0460002 ncithesaurus:Organ_System body system BIRNLEX:14 connected anatomical system CARO:0000011 anatomical systems ZFA:0001439 Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument. AAO:0010053 AEO:0000032 BILA:0000032 BIRNLEX:7 CALOHA:TS-2084 CARO:0000032 EFO:0000808 EHDAA2:0003032 EMAPA:36031 FBbt:00007009 FMA:7153 HAO:0000032 MA:0002433 MAT:0000293 MESH:D001829 MIAA:0000293 NCIT:C32221 TAO:0001308 TGMA:0001840 UMLS:C0229962 VHOG:0001758 Wikipedia:Body_part XAO:0003013 ZFA:0001308 galen:BodyPart anatomic region body part body region cardinal body part UBERON:0000475 organism subdivision Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument. CARO:0000032 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 FBbt:00007009 UMLS:C0229962 ncithesaurus:Body_Part anatomic region MA:0002433 body region FMA:7153 cardinal body part FMA:7153 Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. AAO:0010268 AEO:0000040 BILA:0000040 CARO:0000040 EHDAA2:0003040 FBbt:00007013 FMA:63863 HAO:0000040 TAO:0000382 TGMA:0001841 XAO:0003162 ZFA:0000382 acellular anatomical structures UBERON:0000476 acellular anatomical structure Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 FBbt:00007013 acellular anatomical structures ZFA:0000382 Anatomical group whose component anatomical structures lie in close proximity to each other. FBbt:00007277 VHOG:0001737 UBERON:0000477 anatomical cluster Anatomical group whose component anatomical structures lie in close proximity to each other. FBbt:00007277 FBbt:00007277 Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. changed label and definition to reflect CARO2 AAO:0000607 AAO:0010054 AEO:0000043 BILA:0000043 BIRNLEX:19 CALOHA:TS-2090 CARO:0000043 EHDAA2:0003043 EMAPA:35868 FBbt:00007003 FMA:9637 HAO:0000043 MA:0003002 MESH:D014024 NCIT:C12801 TAO:0001477 TGMA:0001844 UMLS:C0040300 VHOG:0001757 WBbt:0005729 XAO:0003040 ZFA:0001477 galen:Tissue portion of tissue tissue portion simple tissue UBERON:0000479 tissue Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. CARO:0000043 FBbt:00007003 UMLS:C0040300 ncithesaurus:Tissue portion of tissue CARO:0000043 simple tissue AEO:0000043 Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types. AAO:0010048 AEO:0000055 BILA:0000055 CARO:0000055 EHDAA2:0003055 FBbt:00007010 HAO:0000055 TAO:0001488 TGMA:0001847 VHOG:0001762 XAO:0003037 ZFA:0001488 multi-tissue structures UBERON:0000481 multi-tissue structure Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types. CARO:0000055 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 FBbt:00007010 multi-tissue structures ZFA:0001488 Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]. The two basic types of metazoan tissue are epithelial and connective. The simplest metazoans, and developmental stages of many primitive invertebrates, consist solely of these two layers. Thus, epithelial and connective tissues may be the primary (original) tissues of metazoans, and both are important in the functional organization of animals.[well established][VHOG] epithelial AAO:0000144 AAO:0010055 AEO:0000066 BILA:0000066 BTO:0000416 CALOHA:TS-0288 CARO:0000066 EHDAA2:0003066 EMAPA:32738 FBbt:00007005 FMA:9639 GAID:402 HAO:0000066 MA:0003060 MESH:D004848 NCIT:C12710 SCTID:31610004 TAO:0001486 UMLS:C0014609 VHOG:0000387 Wikipedia:Epithelium XAO:0003045 ZFA:0001486 epithelial tissue portion of epithelium UBERON:0000483 Editor note: surface epithelium may contain non-epithelial cells, such as melanocytes, lymphocytes and dendritic cells, within the sheet of epithelial cells. Do we consider these part of the epithelium, or located-in it? epithelium https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Illu_epithelium.jpg Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]. Wikipedia:Epithelium http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 The two basic types of metazoan tissue are epithelial and connective. The simplest metazoans, and developmental stages of many primitive invertebrates, consist solely of these two layers. Thus, epithelial and connective tissues may be the primary (original) tissues of metazoans, and both are important in the functional organization of animals.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000387 VHOG ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.59 http://bgee.unil.ch/ FBbt:00007005 UMLS:C0014609 ncithesaurus:Epithelium portion of epithelium FMA:9639 Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA]. Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells.[CARO] AAO:0010059 AEO:0000069 BILA:0000069 BTO:0002074 CARO:0000069 EHDAA2:0003069 FMA:45562 HAO:0000069 NCIT:C33622 SCTID:309044005 TAO:0001494 UMLS:C0682575 Wikipedia:Stratified_epithelium XAO:0004006 ZFA:0001494 stratified epithelium laminated epithelium UBERON:0000486 multilaminar epithelium Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA]. FMA:FMA Wikipedia:Stratified_epithelium http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells.[CARO] 2012-06-20 CARO:0000069 CARO FMA:45562 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 UMLS:C0682575 ncithesaurus:Stratified_Epithelium laminated epithelium BTO:0002074 Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. this class was introduced for consistency with CARO, however, it has yet to be used in this or other ontologies. It may be retired in the future AAO:0010016 AEO:0000072 BILA:0000072 CARO:0000072 EHDAA2:0003072 FMA:55671 HAO:0000072 TAO:0001490 TGMA:0001857 VHOG:0001730 XAO:0003165 ZFA:0001490 cavitated organ cavitated compound organs UBERON:0000489 cavitated compound organ Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 cavitated organ FMA:55671 cavitated compound organs ZFA:0001490 Compound organ that does not contain macroscopic anatomical spaces. this class was introduced for consistency with CARO, however, it has yet to be used in this or other ontologies. It may be retired in the future. Note also that we place the FMA class 'solid organ' here, and the FMA includes many glands plus the liver as solid organs, which some may find confusing AAO:0010019 AEO:0000074 BILA:0000074 CARO:0000074 EHDAA2:0003074 FMA:55670 HAO:0000074 TAO:0001491 TGMA:0001859 XAO:0003164 ZFA:0001491 solid compound organs solid organ UBERON:0000491 solid compound organ Compound organ that does not contain macroscopic anatomical spaces. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 solid compound organs ZFA:0001491 solid organ FMA:55670 A muscle that acts on the pharynx[WP, vetted]. A pharyngeal muscle is any muscle that forms part of the pharynx[GO]. BTO:0001048 EFO:0003504 FMA:46619 GAID:154 MA:0001797 MESH:D010609 NCIT:C13075 SCTID:244798004 TAO:0000172 UMLS:C0031346 Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_muscles ZFA:0000172 branchial muscle muscle of pharynx muscle organ of pharynx pharyngeal muscle pharynx muscle pharynx muscle organ branchial muscles musculi pharyngis musculus pharyngis tunica muscularis pharyngis UBERON:0000933 Innervation notes: They are innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the Vagus nerve (CN X) with the exception of the stylopharyngeus muscle which is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX).[WP] chordate pharyngeal muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Gray1030.png A muscle that acts on the pharynx[WP, vetted]. Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_muscles https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A pharyngeal muscle is any muscle that forms part of the pharynx[GO]. 2012-06-30 GO:0043282 does not quite work for some muscles such as stylopharyngeus GO GOC:go_curators UMLS:C0031346 ncithesaurus:Pharyngeal_Muscle branchial muscle ZFA:0000172 muscle organ of pharynx OBOL:automatic pharynx muscle organ OBOL:automatic branchial muscles TAO:0000172 musculi pharyngis Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_muscles musculus pharyngis BTO:0001048 tunica muscularis pharyngis Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_muscles Anatomical structure that consists of two or more adjacent skeletal structures, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue[VSAO]. Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[VSAO] Anatomical cluster which consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[TAO] articulation joint AEO:0000182 BTO:0001686 CALOHA:TS-2023 EFO:0000948 EMAPA:35456 FMA:7490 GAID:102 MA:0000319 MAT:0000188 MESH:D007596 MIAA:0000188 NCIT:C13044 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003182 SCTID:302536002 TAO:0000367 UMLS:C0022417 VHOG:0001276 VSAO:0000101 Wikipedia:Joint XAO:0000171 ZFA:0001596 galen:Joint articular joint joints UBERON:0000982 skeletal joint Anatomical structure that consists of two or more adjacent skeletal structures, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue[VSAO]. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:0000101 Wikipedia:Joint http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000101 VSAO PSPUB:0000170 Anatomical cluster which consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000367 TAO TAO:pem articulation VSAO:0000101 joint FMA:7490 VSAO:0000101 UMLS:C0022417 ncithesaurus:Joint articular joint BTO:0001686 joints ZFA:0001596 A subdivision of the muscular system corresponding to a subdisivision of an organism. In FMA this is classified as a set of organs. ZFA musculature system has subtypes, so it is classified here. WBbt muscular system has subtypes so it goes here. Note that we use the MA term set of skeletal muscles here as it seems most appropriate (*not* MA:musculature). AAO is generally confused here. BTO:0000887 EFO:0001949 EMAPA:35577 FMA:32558 MA:0000165 NCIT:C13056 TAO:0000548 UMLS:C0026845 VSAO:0005038 WBbt:0005737 Wikipedia:Muscular_system ZFA:0000548 muscle group muscles set musculature musculi set of muscles set of skeletal muscles muscle system muscles musculature system UBERON:0001015 musculature http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Muscles_anterior_labeled.png A subdivision of the muscular system corresponding to a subdisivision of an organism. Wikipedia:Muscular_system https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 In FMA this is classified as a set of organs. ZFA musculature system has subtypes, so it is classified here. WBbt muscular system has subtypes so it goes here. Note that we use the MA term set of skeletal muscles here as it seems most appropriate (*not* MA:musculature). AAO is generally confused here. FMA UMLS:C0026845 ncithesaurus:Muscle musculi FMA:32558 FMA:TA set of muscles FMA:32558 set of skeletal muscles MA:0000165 Saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity[GO]. currently we define saliva and salivary glands very generally in functional terms but it may be more appropriate to split this class. From WP: In most vertebrates, saliva does not contain any enzymes, consisting of mucus and water only, and its primary function is to moisten food while eating. As a result, true salivary glands are rarely found in fish or aquatic tetrapods, although there are often individual mucus-secreting cells. Amphibians have a single salivary gland, the intermaxillary gland, located in the forward part of the palate. Reptiles and birds normally have only very small glands on the lips, palate, and base of the mouth, although there are some birds with large glands, which produce a sticky saliva that helps in nest-building. The distinct parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are only developed in mammals. A gland that produces the saliva. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-25, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] In air-feeding animals, the lack of water column to lubricate the food has been compensated for by the evolution of the salivary glands. These glands are present only in amniotes and are controlled by the parasympathetic system.[well established][VHOG] The salivary glands in mammals are exocrine glands, glands with ducts, that produce saliva. They also secrete amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose. In other organisms such as insects, salivary glands are often used to produce biologically important proteins like silk or glues, and fly salivary glands contain polytene chromosomes that have been useful in genetic research. The salivary glands of some species are modified to produce enzymes; salivary amylase is found in many, but by no means all, bird and mammal species (including humans, as noted above). Furthermore, the venom glands of poisonous snakes, Gila monsters, and some shrews, are modified salivary glands BTO:0001203 CALOHA:TS-0892 EFO:0000859 EHDAA2:0001775 EHDAA:7987 EMAPA:17751 EV:0100059 FBbt:00005382 FMA:9597 GAID:937 MA:0000346 MAT:0000079 MESH:D012469 MIAA:0000079 NCIT:C12426 SCTID:181236000 UMLS:C0036098 VHOG:0000376 Wikipedia:Salivary_gland galen:SalivaryGland salivary gland glandulae salivariae UBERON:0001044 saliva-secreting gland http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Illu_quiz_hn_02.jpg Saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity[GO]. GO:0007431 Wikipedia:Salivary_gland currently we define saliva and salivary glands very generally in functional terms but it may be more appropriate to split this class. From WP: In most vertebrates, saliva does not contain any enzymes, consisting of mucus and water only, and its primary function is to moisten food while eating. As a result, true salivary glands are rarely found in fish or aquatic tetrapods, although there are often individual mucus-secreting cells. Amphibians have a single salivary gland, the intermaxillary gland, located in the forward part of the palate. Reptiles and birds normally have only very small glands on the lips, palate, and base of the mouth, although there are some birds with large glands, which produce a sticky saliva that helps in nest-building. The distinct parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are only developed in mammals. 3 A gland that produces the saliva. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-25, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000376 VHOG http://bgee.unil.ch/ In air-feeding animals, the lack of water column to lubricate the food has been compensated for by the evolution of the salivary glands. These glands are present only in amniotes and are controlled by the parasympathetic system.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000376 VHOG ISBN:978-0471210054 Butler AB and Hodos W, Comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptationm(2005) p.211 http://bgee.unil.ch/ FBbt:00005382 UMLS:C0036098 ncithesaurus:Salivary_Gland salivary gland MA:0000346 glandulae salivariae Wikipedia:Salivary_gland Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. AAO:0010841 AEO:0000000 BFO:0000004 BILA:0000000 BIRNLEX:6 CARO:0000000 EHDAA2:0002229 FBbt:10000000 FMA:62955 HAO:0000000 MA:0000001 NCIT:C12219 TAO:0100000 TGMA:0001822 UMLS:C1515976 WBbt:0000100 XAO:0000000 ZFA:0100000 UBERON:0001062 anatomical entity anatomical entity Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. FMA:62955 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 FBbt:10000000 UMLS:C1515976 ncithesaurus:Anatomic_Structure_System_or_Substance Secretion produced by a sweat gland. BTO:0001254 ENVO:02000025 FMA:12275 GAID:1172 MA:0002539 MESH:D013542 NCIT:C13280 UMLS:C0038984 Wikipedia:Sweat skin exudate UBERON:0001089 sweat Secretion produced by a sweat gland. FMA:12275 UMLS:C0038984 ncithesaurus:Sweat skin exudate BTO:0001254 Joint fluid is a transudate of plasma that is actively secreted by synovial cells. Portion of organism substance that is a clear fluid that occupies the space in synovial joints.[TAO] It provides nutrients and lubrication for articular cartilage The fluid contains hyaluronan secreted by fibroblast-like cells in the synovial membrane, lubricin (proteoglycan 4; PRG4) secreted by the surface chondrocytes of the articular cartilage and interstitial fluid filtered from the blood plasma BTO:0001339 CALOHA:TS-0996 ENVO:02000039 FMA:12277 GAID:265 MA:0002544 MESH:D013582 NCIT:C33718 TAO:0005154 UMLS:C0039097 Wikipedia:Synovial_fluid ZFA:0005154 galen:SynovialFluid joint fluid UBERON:0001090 synovial fluid Joint fluid is a transudate of plasma that is actively secreted by synovial cells. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK274/ Portion of organism substance that is a clear fluid that occupies the space in synovial joints.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0005154 TAO ZFIN:curator UMLS:C0039097 ncithesaurus:Synovial_Fluid joint fluid https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK274/ Skeletal element within the mouth (or in some species, upper part of the digestive tract) that is composed of dentine and is used in procuring or masticating food. The ancestor of recent vertebrate teeth was a tooth-like structure on the outer body surface of jawless fishes.[well established][VHOG] dental absent in living platypus, present in toothed Miocene platypus Obduron dicksoni AEO:0000220 BTO:0000397 CALOHA:TS-1055 EFO:0000839 EHDAA2:0004605 EMAPA:32906 EV:0100063 FMA:12516 GAID:1260 MA:0000348 MAT:0000041 MESH:D014070 MIAA:0000041 NCIT:C12506 SCTID:302214001 TAO:0001625 UMLS:C0040426 VHOG:0001733 Wikipedia:Tooth XAO:0000431 dental element dentine containing tooth tooth vertebrate tooth UBERON:0001091 EDITOR_NOTE we place ZFA ctb 5 tooth here for now. Consider changing name from calcaeeous tooth. Note that sea cucumbers develop calcareous tooth-like structures calcareous tooth http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Teeth_by_David_Shankbone.jpg true Skeletal element within the mouth (or in some species, upper part of the digestive tract) that is composed of dentine and is used in procuring or masticating food. Wikipedia:Tooth_(animal) http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Wikipedia PMID:10210685 The ancestor of recent vertebrate teeth was a tooth-like structure on the outer body surface of jawless fishes.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001733 VHOG PMID:19266065 Koussoulakou DS, Margaritis LH, Koussoulakos SL, A curriculum vitae of teeth: evolution, generation, regeneration. International Journal of Biological Sciences (2009) http://bgee.unil.ch/ absent in living platypus, present in toothed Miocene platypus Obduron dicksoni PMID:10210685 UMLS:C0040426 ncithesaurus:Tooth dental element http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Incisors are the first kind of tooth in heterodont mammals. They are located in the premaxilla above and mandible below. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0001741 EHDAA:8011 EHDAA:8047 EMAPA:32889 FMA:12823 GAID:1263 MA:0000349 MESH:D007180 NCIT:C32769 SCTID:420856006 UMLS:C0021156 Wikipedia:Incisor_tooth incisor UBERON:0001098 Humans normally have eight (8) incisors; Among other animals, some other primates, cats and horses have twelve. Rodents have four, while Foxes have nine. Rabbits and hares (lagomorphs) were once considered rodents, but are distinguished by having eight - one small pair, called 'peg teeth', is located directly behind the most anterior pair. Incisors are used to bite off tough foods, such as red meat incisor tooth http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Gray997.png true Incisors are the first kind of tooth in heterodont mammals. They are located in the premaxilla above and mandible below. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Incisor_tooth https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/221 UMLS:C0021156 ncithesaurus:Incisor incisor MA:0000349 Muscle tissue that consists primarily of skeletal muscle fibers. TODO - add skeletal muscle organ? See GO:0060538 skeletal muscle organ development. Todo - group FBbt:00005073 - somatic muscle. Muscle, composed of long cylindrical, multinucleated cells that attaches to the skeleton via tendons.[TAO] Tissue which consists of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by endomysium. Examples: Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps, Skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm[FMA] This result implies the following views in terms of evolutionary differentiation: (1) Arthropod striated muscle and vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles share a common ancestor. In other words, they did not evolve independently (...) (5) The divergence of vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles/vertebrate smooth muscle and nonmuscle is at least before that of vertebrates/arthropods. In other words, emergence of skeletal and cardiac musle type tissues preceded the vertebrate/arthropod divergence (ca. 700 MYA).[well established][VHOG] skeletal muscle EMAPA:32716 FMA:14069 MA:0002439 NCIT:C13050 SCTID:426215008 UMLS:C0242692 Wikipedia:Skeletal_striated_muscle skeletal muscle system somatic muscle UBERON:0001134 skeletal muscle tissue https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Skeletal_muscle.jpg Muscle tissue that consists primarily of skeletal muscle fibers. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/324 Muscle, composed of long cylindrical, multinucleated cells that attaches to the skeleton via tendons.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0005277 TAO ZFIN:curator Tissue which consists of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by endomysium. Examples: Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps, Skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm[FMA] FMA:14069 FMA This result implies the following views in terms of evolutionary differentiation: (1) Arthropod striated muscle and vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles share a common ancestor. In other words, they did not evolve independently (...) (5) The divergence of vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles/vertebrate smooth muscle and nonmuscle is at least before that of vertebrates/arthropods. In other words, emergence of skeletal and cardiac musle type tissues preceded the vertebrate/arthropod divergence (ca. 700 MYA).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000319 VHOG PMID:10368962 Oota S, Saitou N, Phylogenetic relationship of muscle tissues deduced from superimposition of gene trees. Mol Biol Evol (1999) http://bgee.unil.ch/ UMLS:C0242692 ncithesaurus:Skeletal_Muscle_Tissue skeletal muscle system BTO:0001103 somatic muscle BTO:0001103 FMA:24218 SCTID:123852005 XAO:0000040 head subdivision head region region of head UBERON:0001444 subdivision of head A subdivision of the head that has as parts the layers deep to the surface of the anterior surface, including the mouth, eyes, and nose (when present). In vertebrates, this includes the facial skeleton and structures superficial to the facial skeleton (cheeks, mouth, eyeballs, skin of face, etc). Subdivision of head which consists of the viscerocranium and all layers superficial to it. Examples: There is only one face. The area that extends from the median ocellus to the oral foramen[HAO]. facial The face develops from outward growth of tissue located rostral to the cranium & pharynx. The lower jaw and most of the upper jaw are formed by growth of the first pharyngeal (branchial) arch. The upper incisor region and the nose and forehead (frontal region) are formed from tissue located rostral to the neural tube (frontonasal prominence) BTO:0003369 CALOHA:TS-2216 EMAPA:32763 FMA:24728 GAID:64 HAO:0000316 MA:0002473 MESH:D005145 NCIT:C13071 SCTID:302549007 UMLS:C0015450 Wikipedia:Face galen:Face facia/facies visage UBERON:0001456 face http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Mona_Lisa_headcrop.jpg A subdivision of the head that has as parts the layers deep to the surface of the anterior surface, including the mouth, eyes, and nose (when present). In vertebrates, this includes the facial skeleton and structures superficial to the facial skeleton (cheeks, mouth, eyeballs, skin of face, etc). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Subdivision of head which consists of the viscerocranium and all layers superficial to it. Examples: There is only one face. FMA:24728 The area that extends from the median ocellus to the oral foramen[HAO]. HAO:0000316 http://api.hymao.org/api/ref/67791 NCBITaxon:7399 The face develops from outward growth of tissue located rostral to the cranium & pharynx. The lower jaw and most of the upper jaw are formed by growth of the first pharyngeal (branchial) arch. The upper incisor region and the nose and forehead (frontal region) are formed from tissue located rostral to the neural tube (frontonasal prominence) vanat.cvm.umn.edu/TFFlectPDFs/LectFaceDevelop.pdf UMLS:C0015450 ncithesaurus:Face facia/facies Wikipedia:Face visage BTO:0003369 Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue. Also called osseous tissue, (Latin: os). Is a type of hard endoskeletal connective tissue found in many vertebrate animals. Bone is the main tissue of body organs that support body structures, protect internal organs, (in conjunction with muscles) facilitate movement; and are involved with cell formation, calcium metabolism, and mineral storage.[AAO] Portion of tissue which is calcified connective tissue making up the structural elements of the skeletal system.[TAO] Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.[VSAO] relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] The 'new animal phylogeny' reveals that many of the groups known to biomineralize sit among close relatives that do not, and it favours an interpretation of convergent or parallel evolution for biomineralization in animals. (...) Whether this 'biomineralization toolkit'of genes reflects a parallel co-option of a common suite of genes or the inheritance of a skeletogenic gene regulatory network from a biomineralizing common ancestor remains an open debate.[debated][VHOG] AAO:0000047 AEO:0000082 BTO:0000140 CALOHA:TS-0088 EFO:0000298 EHDAA2:0003082 EMAPA:32782 ENVO:00002039 EV:0100140 FMA:30317 FMA:5018 GAID:92 MA:0001459 MAT:0000299 MIAA:0000299 NCIT:C12366 SCTID:90780006 TAO:0001514 UMLS:C0262950 VHOG:0001190 VSAO:0000057 Wikipedia:Bone XAO:0000169 ZFA:0001514 galen:Bone bone organ bone bones UBERON:0001474 bone element Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000057 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/277 Also called osseous tissue, (Latin: os). Is a type of hard endoskeletal connective tissue found in many vertebrate animals. Bone is the main tissue of body organs that support body structures, protect internal organs, (in conjunction with muscles) facilitate movement; and are involved with cell formation, calcium metabolism, and mineral storage.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000047 AAO AAO:LAP Portion of tissue which is calcified connective tissue making up the structural elements of the skeletal system.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001514 TAO ZFIN:curator Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000057 VSAO PSPUB:0000170 relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000047 AAO The 'new animal phylogeny' reveals that many of the groups known to biomineralize sit among close relatives that do not, and it favours an interpretation of convergent or parallel evolution for biomineralization in animals. (...) Whether this 'biomineralization toolkit'of genes reflects a parallel co-option of a common suite of genes or the inheritance of a skeletogenic gene regulatory network from a biomineralizing common ancestor remains an open debate.[debated][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001190 VHOG DOI:10.1159/000324245 Murdock DJ, Donoghue PC, Evolutionary Origins of Animal Skeletal Biomineralization. Cells Tissues Organs (2011) http://bgee.unil.ch/ UMLS:C0262950 ncithesaurus:Bone bone organ FMA:5018 bone AEO:0000082 BTO:0000140 MA:0001459 VHOG:0001190 bones ZFA:0001514 An articular capsule (or joint capsule) is an envelope surrounding a synovial joint. [WP,unvetted]. check ncita EMAPA:37621 FMA:34836 GAID:263 MA:0001519 MESH:D017746 NCIT:C32259 NCIT:C84388 SCTID:182238002 UMLS:C0206207 Wikipedia:Articular_capsule galen:JointCapsule capsula articularis fibrous capsule of joint joint capsule joint fibrous capsule capsulae articulares UBERON:0001484 articular capsule http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Joint.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Gray299.png An articular capsule (or joint capsule) is an envelope surrounding a synovial joint. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Articular_capsule check ncita ncit EMAPA:37621 MA:th UMLS:C0206207 ncithesaurus:Joint_Capsule capsula articularis FMA:34836 FMA:TA capsulae articulares Wikipedia:Articular_capsule FMA:45733 organ neck UBERON:0001560 neck of organ Either of a pair of lingual muscles with origin in the mandible, with insertion to the lingual fascia below the mucous membrane and epiglottis, with nerve supply from the hypoglossal nerve, and whose action depresses and protrudes the tongue. Either of a pair of lingual muscles with origin in the mandible, with insertion to the lingual fascia below the mucous membrane and epiglottis, with nerve supply from the hypoglossal nerve, and whose action depresses and protrudes the tongue. [TFD][VHOG] Makes up bulk of tongue in frogs and salamanders; makes up entire tongue in caecilians.[AAO] see Intrinsic Tongue.[FEED] relationship loss: subclass hyobranchial muscles (AAO:0000224)[AAO] The lamprey head contains another group of muscles, the epi- and hypo-branchial muscles (EBM and HBM), derivatives of anterior trunk myotomes. (...) The origin and the migration pattern of HBM precursors are very similar to that of the gnathostome MPP, especially to that of the tongue muscle precursors. Other evidence of homology of lamprey HBM to the gnathostome tongue muscle is that HBM is innervated by the nerve termed the hypoglossal nerve based on its morphological position associated with the head/trunk interface. (...) The HBM-specific expression of the LampPax3/7 gene is consistent with the homology of this muscle to the gnathostome tongue muscle, or to the hypobranchial series as a whole (including the infrahyoid and possibly the diaphragm in mammals).[well established][VHOG] Makes up bulk of tongue in frogs and salamanders; makes up entire tongue in caecilians. AAO:0010660 EHDAA2:0000704 EHDAA:9150 EMAPA:18276 FMA:46690 MA:0002307 NCIT:C52928 SCTID:244784007 UMLS:C0224194 VHOG:0000847 Wikipedia:Genioglossus_muscle genioglossus m. genioglossus musculus genioglossus UBERON:0001571 genioglossus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Genioglossus.png Either of a pair of lingual muscles with origin in the mandible, with insertion to the lingual fascia below the mucous membrane and epiglottis, with nerve supply from the hypoglossal nerve, and whose action depresses and protrudes the tongue. VHOG:0000847 Wikipedia:Genioglossus_muscle Either of a pair of lingual muscles with origin in the mandible, with insertion to the lingual fascia below the mucous membrane and epiglottis, with nerve supply from the hypoglossal nerve, and whose action depresses and protrudes the tongue. [TFD][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000847 VHOG http://bgee.unil.ch/ http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/genioglossus Makes up bulk of tongue in frogs and salamanders; makes up entire tongue in caecilians.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010660 AAO AAO:BMZ see Intrinsic Tongue.[FEED] 2012-07-02 FEED http://www.feedexp.org relationship loss: subclass hyobranchial muscles (AAO:0000224)[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010660 AAO The lamprey head contains another group of muscles, the epi- and hypo-branchial muscles (EBM and HBM), derivatives of anterior trunk myotomes. (...) The origin and the migration pattern of HBM precursors are very similar to that of the gnathostome MPP, especially to that of the tongue muscle precursors. Other evidence of homology of lamprey HBM to the gnathostome tongue muscle is that HBM is innervated by the nerve termed the hypoglossal nerve based on its morphological position associated with the head/trunk interface. (...) The HBM-specific expression of the LampPax3/7 gene is consistent with the homology of this muscle to the gnathostome tongue muscle, or to the hypobranchial series as a whole (including the infrahyoid and possibly the diaphragm in mammals).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000847 VHOG DOI:10.1002/dvdy.20587, DOI:10.1186/1471-213X-8-24 Table 7 http://bgee.unil.ch/ Makes up bulk of tongue in frogs and salamanders; makes up entire tongue in caecilians. AAO:0010660 UMLS:C0224194 ncithesaurus:Genioglossus A muscle that attaches to the hyopid bone and to the tongue and is innervated by cranial nerve XII. Makes up part of the tongue in frogs and salamanders.[AAO] The hyoglossus is a muscle that attaches to the hyoid and tongue and is innervated by Cranial Nerve XII.[FEED] relationship loss: subclass hyobranchial muscles (AAO:0000224)[AAO] AAO:0010663 EMAPA:18277 FMA:46691 MA:0002317 MFMO:0000064 NCIT:C53161 SCTID:244785008 UMLS:C0224196 Wikipedia:Hyoglossus_muscle hyoglossus m. hyoglossus UBERON:0001572 hyoglossus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Hyoglossus.png A muscle that attaches to the hyopid bone and to the tongue and is innervated by cranial nerve XII. FEED:rd Makes up part of the tongue in frogs and salamanders.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010663 AAO AAO:BMZ The hyoglossus is a muscle that attaches to the hyoid and tongue and is innervated by Cranial Nerve XII.[FEED] 2012-07-02 FEED http://www.feedexp.org relationship loss: subclass hyobranchial muscles (AAO:0000224)[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010663 AAO UMLS:C0224196 ncithesaurus:Hyoglossus_Muscle hyoglossus Wikipedia:Hyoglossus The Styloglossus, the shortest and smallest of the three styloid muscles, arises from the anterior and lateral surfaces of the styloid process, near its apex, and from the stylomandibular ligament. Passing downward and forward between the internal and external carotid arteries, it divides upon the side of the tongue near its dorsal surface, blending with the fibers of the Longitudinalis inferior in front of the Hyoglossus; the other, oblique, overlaps the Hyoglossus and decussates with its fibers. [WP,unvetted]. Styloglossus is a muscle that attaches to the tongue and stylohyal and is innervated by Cranial Nerve XII.[FEED] EMAPA:18279 FMA:46692 MA:0002387 NCIT:C53071 UMLS:C0224195 Wikipedia:Styloglossus syloglossus muscle musculus styloglossus UBERON:0001573 styloglossus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Styloglossus.png The Styloglossus, the shortest and smallest of the three styloid muscles, arises from the anterior and lateral surfaces of the styloid process, near its apex, and from the stylomandibular ligament. Passing downward and forward between the internal and external carotid arteries, it divides upon the side of the tongue near its dorsal surface, blending with the fibers of the Longitudinalis inferior in front of the Hyoglossus; the other, oblique, overlaps the Hyoglossus and decussates with its fibers. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Styloglossus Styloglossus is a muscle that attaches to the tongue and stylohyal and is innervated by Cranial Nerve XII.[FEED] 2012-07-02 FEED http://www.feedexp.org UMLS:C0224195 ncithesaurus:Styloglossus musculus styloglossus Wikipedia:Styloglossus The palatoglossus, glossopalatinus, or palatoglossal muscle is a small fleshy fasciculus, narrower in the middle than at either end, forming, with the mucous membrane covering its surface, the glossopalatine arch. It arises from the anterior surface of the soft palate, where it is continuous with the muscle of the opposite side, and passing downward, forward, and lateralward in front of the palatine tonsil, is inserted into the side of the tongue, some of its fibers spreading over the dorsum, and others passing deeply into the substance of the organ to intermingle with the Transversus linguæ. [WP,unvetted]. Palatoglossus is a muscle that attaches to the soft palate and the tongue and is innervated by Cranial Nerve X via the pharyngeal plexus.[FEED] EMAPA:18278 FMA:46697 MA:0002351 NCIT:C53170 SCTID:244783001 UMLS:C1704249 Wikipedia:Palatoglossus_muscle palatoglossal palatoglossal muscle palatoglossus musculus palatoglossus UBERON:0001574 palatoglossus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Gray1014.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Gray1028.png The palatoglossus, glossopalatinus, or palatoglossal muscle is a small fleshy fasciculus, narrower in the middle than at either end, forming, with the mucous membrane covering its surface, the glossopalatine arch. It arises from the anterior surface of the soft palate, where it is continuous with the muscle of the opposite side, and passing downward, forward, and lateralward in front of the palatine tonsil, is inserted into the side of the tongue, some of its fibers spreading over the dorsum, and others passing deeply into the substance of the organ to intermingle with the Transversus linguæ. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Palatoglossus_muscle Palatoglossus is a muscle that attaches to the soft palate and the tongue and is innervated by Cranial Nerve X via the pharyngeal plexus.[FEED] 2012-07-02 FEED http://www.feedexp.org UMLS:C1704249 ncithesaurus:Palatoglossus_Muscle musculus palatoglossus Wikipedia:Palatoglossus_muscle A muscle organ that attaches the tongue to some other structure. The lamprey head contains another group of muscles, the epi- and hypo-branchial muscles (EBM and HBM), derivatives of anterior trunk myotomes. (...) The origin and the migration pattern of HBM precursors are very similar to that of the gnathostome MPP, especially to that of the tongue muscle precursors. Other evidence of homology of lamprey HBM to the gnathostome tongue muscle is that HBM is innervated by the nerve termed the hypoglossal nerve based on its morphological position associated with the head/trunk interface. (...) The HBM-specific expression of the LampPax3/7 gene is consistent with the homology of this muscle to the gnathostome tongue muscle, or to the hypobranchial series as a whole (including the infrahyoid and possibly the diaphragm in mammals).[well established][VHOG] main functions are altering the tongue's position allowing for protrusion, retraction, and side-to-side movement All intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue are supplied by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), except for one of the extrinsic muscles, palatoglossus, which is innervated by the Vagus nerve CN X of the pharyngeal plexus. EHDAA2:0002063 EHDAA:9148 EMAPA:18275 FMA:46699 MA:0002296 SCTID:244782006 VHOG:0000825 extrinsic lingual muscle extrinsic tongue muscle UBERON:0001575 extrinsic muscle of tongue A muscle organ that attaches the tongue to some other structure. Wikipedia:Muscles_of_tongue https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/331 The lamprey head contains another group of muscles, the epi- and hypo-branchial muscles (EBM and HBM), derivatives of anterior trunk myotomes. (...) The origin and the migration pattern of HBM precursors are very similar to that of the gnathostome MPP, especially to that of the tongue muscle precursors. Other evidence of homology of lamprey HBM to the gnathostome tongue muscle is that HBM is innervated by the nerve termed the hypoglossal nerve based on its morphological position associated with the head/trunk interface. (...) The HBM-specific expression of the LampPax3/7 gene is consistent with the homology of this muscle to the gnathostome tongue muscle, or to the hypobranchial series as a whole (including the infrahyoid and possibly the diaphragm in mammals).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000825 VHOG DOI:10.1002/dvdy.20587 Kusakabe R, Kuratani S, Evolution and developmental patterning of the vertebrate skeletal muscles: perspectives from the lamprey. Developmental Dynamics (2005) http://bgee.unil.ch/ main functions are altering the tongue's position allowing for protrusion, retraction, and side-to-side movement WP All intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue are supplied by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), except for one of the extrinsic muscles, palatoglossus, which is innervated by the Vagus nerve CN X of the pharyngeal plexus. WP The intrinsic tongue muscles are an integral part of the tongue and completely contained within the tongue that are innervated by Cranial Nerve XII. The intrinsic tongue muscles are an integral part of the tongue that are innervated by Cranial Nerve XII.[FEED] The lamprey head contains another group of muscles, the epi- and hypo-branchial muscles (EBM and HBM), derivatives of anterior trunk myotomes. (...) The origin and the migration pattern of HBM precursors are very similar to that of the gnathostome MPP, especially to that of the tongue muscle precursors. Other evidence of homology of lamprey HBM to the gnathostome tongue muscle is that HBM is innervated by the nerve termed the hypoglossal nerve based on its morphological position associated with the head/trunk interface. (...) The HBM-specific expression of the LampPax3/7 gene is consistent with the homology of this muscle to the gnathostome tongue muscle, or to the hypobranchial series as a whole (including the infrahyoid and possibly the diaphragm in mammals).[well established][VHOG] The main function of the intrinsic muscles is to provide shape. They are not involved with changing the position of the tongue and are not attached to bone EHDAA2:0002064 EHDAA:9152 EMAPA:18280 FMA:46701 MA:0002327 SCTID:244788005 VHOG:0000748 intrinsic lingual muscle intrinsic tongue muscle UBERON:0001576 intrinsic muscle of tongue The intrinsic tongue muscles are an integral part of the tongue and completely contained within the tongue that are innervated by Cranial Nerve XII. http://www.feedexp.org/wiki/Mammalian_Muscle_Ontology_Workshop The intrinsic tongue muscles are an integral part of the tongue that are innervated by Cranial Nerve XII.[FEED] 2012-07-02 FEED http://www.feedexp.org The lamprey head contains another group of muscles, the epi- and hypo-branchial muscles (EBM and HBM), derivatives of anterior trunk myotomes. (...) The origin and the migration pattern of HBM precursors are very similar to that of the gnathostome MPP, especially to that of the tongue muscle precursors. Other evidence of homology of lamprey HBM to the gnathostome tongue muscle is that HBM is innervated by the nerve termed the hypoglossal nerve based on its morphological position associated with the head/trunk interface. (...) The HBM-specific expression of the LampPax3/7 gene is consistent with the homology of this muscle to the gnathostome tongue muscle, or to the hypobranchial series as a whole (including the infrahyoid and possibly the diaphragm in mammals).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000748 VHOG DOI:10.1002/dvdy.20587 Kusakabe R, Kuratani S, Evolution and developmental patterning of the vertebrate skeletal muscles: perspectives from the lamprey. Developmental Dynamics (2005) http://bgee.unil.ch/ The main function of the intrinsic muscles is to provide shape. They are not involved with changing the position of the tongue and are not attached to bone WP Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work[GO]. Portion of tissue composed of contractile fibers.[TAO] It seems clear that the metazoan ancestor inherited from its unicellular descendants an actin cytoskeleton and motor-proteins of the myosin superfamily. Within metazoans, these two molecules were arranged into effective contractile units, the muscles. The basic trends for muscle evolution are already expressed in the diploblastic taxa.[well established][VHOG] muscular muscle EMAPA:37474 EV:0100146 FMA:5022 GAID:131 MA:0000015 SCTID:71616004 TAO:0005145 VHOG:0001245 XAO:0000172 ZFA:0005145 galen:Muscle UBERON:0001630 muscle organ Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work[GO]. GO:0007517 Portion of tissue composed of contractile fibers.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0005145 TAO ZFIN:curator It seems clear that the metazoan ancestor inherited from its unicellular descendants an actin cytoskeleton and motor-proteins of the myosin superfamily. Within metazoans, these two molecules were arranged into effective contractile units, the muscles. The basic trends for muscle evolution are already expressed in the diploblastic taxa.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001245 VHOG ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.75 http://bgee.unil.ch/ muscle ZFA:0005145 EMAPA:37474 MA:th A dentary bone that is the only bone in one of the lateral halves of the lower jaw skeleton. consider merging with dentary - for now we make it a mammal-specific subclass. mandibular Note in ZFA 'mandible' is a syn for the ventral mandibular arch, which is a portion of the 1st pharyngeal arch; however the term 'mandibular symphysis' refers to the dentary 'mandible' also refers to either the upper OR lower part of the beak in birds lower jaw lower jaw bone BTO:0001748 CALOHA:TS-2225 EFO:0001965 EHDAA2:0001059 EHDAA:8007 EMAPA:18290 FMA:52748 GAID:68 MA:0001487 MESH:D008334 NCIT:C12290 SCTID:181812008 UMLS:C0024687 Wikipedia:Human_mandible galen:Mandible inferior maxillary bone mammaliam mandible mandibulla lower mandibula mandibula mandibular series UBERON:0001684 mandible http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray176.png A dentary bone that is the only bone in one of the lateral halves of the lower jaw skeleton. Wikipedia:Human_mandible Wikipedia:Mandible Note in ZFA 'mandible' is a syn for the ventral mandibular arch, which is a portion of the 1st pharyngeal arch; however the term 'mandibular symphysis' refers to the dentary ZFA lower jaw lower jaw bone UMLS:C0024687 ncithesaurus:Mandible lower mandibula Wikipedia:Mandible mandibula BTO:0001748 Wikipedia:Human_mandible mandibular series ZFA:0001273 Subdivision of skeleton which includes upper and lower jaw skeletons. TODO - move ZFA:0001227 (it is the entire jaw skeleton). Skeletal and cartilage elements of the first pharyngeal arch.[TAO] There are cellular contributions from all three embryonic germ layers: pharyngeal mesoderm, endoderm and neural crest that migrates out of the ectoderm (Noden, 1983). in FMA, the jaw is an organism subdivision cluster, and includes mucosal tissue such as the gingiva as parts. It appears to be skeletal in MA (and has teeth as parts). It is reasonable to assume that ZFA and XAO consider the upper and lower jaws to be skeletal elements or clusters. EHDAA2 also considers these clusters. TODO - follow EHDAA2 model. These arbitrary differences in terminology and classification have to be reconciled with the genuine well-known biological differences in the skeletal elements across vertebrates AAO:0000988 BTO:0001749 EMAPA:35455 FMA:54396 GAID:214 MA:0001905 MESH:D007568 NCIT:C48821 SCTID:181811001 TAO:0001227 UMLS:C0022359 Wikipedia:Jaw ZFA:0001227 galen:Jaw jaw jaw cartilage mandibular arch skeleton anterior splanchnocranium jaws mandibular arch oral jaw skeleton pharyngeal arch 1 skeleton visceral arch 1 UBERON:0001708 jaw skeleton Subdivision of skeleton which includes upper and lower jaw skeletons. Wikipedia:Jaw https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Skeletal and cartilage elements of the first pharyngeal arch.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001227 TAO ZFIN:curator in FMA, the jaw is an organism subdivision cluster, and includes mucosal tissue such as the gingiva as parts. It appears to be skeletal in MA (and has teeth as parts). It is reasonable to assume that ZFA and XAO consider the upper and lower jaws to be skeletal elements or clusters. EHDAA2 also considers these clusters. TODO - follow EHDAA2 model. These arbitrary differences in terminology and classification have to be reconciled with the genuine well-known biological differences in the skeletal elements across vertebrates FMA UMLS:C0022359 ncithesaurus:Jaw jaw MA:0001905 jaw cartilage ZFA:0001227 mandibular arch skeleton ZFA:0001227 mandibular arch TAO:0001227 Subdivision of head that consists of the upper jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]. Superior maxillary arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull.[AAO] Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] Note isa/partof difference MA/FMA AAO:0000620 EHDAA2:0002118 EHDAA2:0004607 EHDAA:8025 EMAPA:17924 FMA:59399 SCTID:362636001 VHOG:0000454 Wikipedia:Upper_jaw ncithesaurus:Upper_Jaw maxillary part of mouth alveolodental arch of bimaxilla dorsal mandibular arch dorsal pharyngeal arch 1 maxillary part of mouth proper palatoquadrate arch upper pharyngeal jaws UBERON:0001709 See notes for jaw w.r.t skeletal element vs subdivision of head. upper jaw region http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Gray189.png Subdivision of head that consists of the upper jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]. Wikipedia:Upper_jaw http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Superior maxillary arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000620 AAO AAO:LAP Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000454 VHOG DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) http://bgee.unil.ch/ Note isa/partof difference MA/FMA MA maxillary part of mouth FMA:59399 alveolodental arch of bimaxilla FMA:59399 dorsal pharyngeal arch 1 maxillary part of mouth proper FMA:59399 palatoquadrate arch Subdivision of head that consists of the lower jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]. Inferior mandibular arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull.[AAO] Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] Note isa/partof difference MA/FMA AAO:0000272 EFO:0003660 EHDAA2:0001018 EHDAA:7995 EMAPA:17906 FMA:59398 MESH:D008334 SCTID:362637005 VHOG:0000453 Wikipedia:Lower_jaw ncithesaurus:Lower_Jaw mandibular part of mouth lower part of mouth mandibular series UBERON:0001710 See notes for jaw w.r.t skeletal element vs subdivision of head lower jaw region http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray176.png Subdivision of head that consists of the lower jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]. Wikipedia:Lower_jaw Inferior mandibular arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000272 AAO AAO:LAP Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000453 VHOG DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) http://bgee.unil.ch/ Note isa/partof difference MA/FMA MA mandibular part of mouth FMA:59398 A muscular organ in the floor of the mouth. in MA the tongue is part of the oral region, which in uberon is treated as the oral opening. consider revising oral opening - oral region equivalence. A mobile mass of muscular tissue that is covered with mucous membrane, occupies much of the cavity of the mouth, forms part of its floor, bears the organ of taste, and assists in chewing and swallowing. [TFD][VHOG] Muscular organ in the floor of the mouth.[FEED] The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in many other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech[GO][GO:0043586]. Most adult amphibians have a tongue, as do all known reptiles, birds and mammals. Thus it is likely that the tongue appeared with the establishment of tetrapods and this structure seems to be related, to some extant, to the terrestrial lifestyle.[well established][VHOG] glossal lingual Many species of fish have small folds at the base of their mouths that might informally be called tongues, but they lack a muscular structure like the true tongues found in most tetrapods The tongue has contributions from all pharyngeal arches which changes with time. The tongue initially begins as swelling rostral to foramen cecum, the median tongue bud.. tongue muscles derive from the somites - http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Tongue_Development#Pharyngeal_Arch_Contributions AAO:0010360 BTO:0001385 CALOHA:TS-1050 EFO:0000833 EHDAA2:0002062 EHDAA:9144 EMAPA:17185 EV:0100058 FMA:54640 GAID:816 MA:0000347 MAT:0000040 MESH:D014059 MIAA:0000040 NCIT:C12422 SCTID:181226008 TAO:0005333 UMLS:C0040408 VHOG:0000419 Wikipedia:Tongue XAO:0000446 ZFA:0005333 glossus UBERON:0001723 tongue http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Tongue.agr.jpg https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-female/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-f-mouth.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-male/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-m-mouth.glb A muscular organ in the floor of the mouth. FEED:rd https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/256 A mobile mass of muscular tissue that is covered with mucous membrane, occupies much of the cavity of the mouth, forms part of its floor, bears the organ of taste, and assists in chewing and swallowing. [TFD][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000419 VHOG http://bgee.unil.ch/ http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/tongue Muscular organ in the floor of the mouth.[FEED] 2012-07-02 FEED http://www.feedexp.org The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in many other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech[GO][GO:0043586]. GO:0043586 Most adult amphibians have a tongue, as do all known reptiles, birds and mammals. Thus it is likely that the tongue appeared with the establishment of tetrapods and this structure seems to be related, to some extant, to the terrestrial lifestyle.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000419 VHOG DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00073.x Iwasaki S, Evolution of the structure and function of the vertebrate tongue. J Anat (2002) http://bgee.unil.ch/ UMLS:C0040408 ncithesaurus:Tongue glossus Wikipedia:Tongue BIRNLEX:4102 EMAPA:32777 FMA:54819 MA:0001593 NCIT:C33258 SCTID:368728006 UMLS:C0226964 UMLS:C1289183 lingual papilla tongue papilla UBERON:0001726 papilla of tongue UMLS:C0226964 BIRNLEX:4102 ncithesaurus:Papilla_of_the_Tongue UMLS:C1289183 BIRNLEX:4102 Collagen-rich odontogenic tissue characteristic of teeth and tooth-like skeletal elements (e.g., odontodes); mature dentine is mineralized and develops from predentine tissue; often (but not always) tubular and acellular. Mineralized collagen containing substance that forms the tooth structure.[TAO] Dentine is a bona fide vertebrate novelty, and dentine-secreting odontoblasts represent a cell type that is exclusively derived from the neural crest.[well established][VHOG] dentinal Dentine is found in the fossil record as early as the late Cambrian, in fish, where it may have had a role in electrochemical sensing of the environment as well as assisting in defense[WP] BTO:0003453 EMAPA:35281 FMA:55628 GAID:1272 MA:0002542 MESH:D003804 NCIT:C32453 SCTID:362112004 TAO:0005143 UMLS:C0011429 VHOG:0001589 VSAO:0000069 Wikipedia:Dentin XAO:0004051 ZFA:0005143 dentin dentine of tooth predentin UBERON:0001751 . dentine Collagen-rich odontogenic tissue characteristic of teeth and tooth-like skeletal elements (e.g., odontodes); mature dentine is mineralized and develops from predentine tissue; often (but not always) tubular and acellular. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000069 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 Mineralized collagen containing substance that forms the tooth structure.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0005143 TAO ZFIN:curator Dentine is a bona fide vertebrate novelty, and dentine-secreting odontoblasts represent a cell type that is exclusively derived from the neural crest.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001589 VHOG DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01495.x Hall BK, Gillis JA, Incremental evolution of the neural crest, neural crest cells and neural crest-derived skeletal tissues. J Anat (2012) http://bgee.unil.ch/ UMLS:C0011429 ncithesaurus:Dentin dentin MA:0002542 ZFA:0005143 predentin GO:0070468 A dentine-like hypermineralized substance that covers the tooth tip. Enamel's primary mineral is hydroxylapatite, which is a crystalline calcium phosphate. Unlike dentin and bone, enamel does not contain collagen. Instead, it has two unique classes of proteins called amelogenins and enamelins[WP]. current classification under substance of tooth may be turned into taxon GCI (e.g. sharks have enamel in dermal denticles) Skeletal tissue that consists of an avascular, noncollagenous, hypermineralized matrix that is deposited by ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix. Enamel develops from organic pre-enamel tissue that is replaced by a largely inorganic matrix.[VSAO] part_of tooth enamel organ in MA BTO:0001844 CALOHA:TS-1057 EMAPA:35303 FMA:55629 MA:0002543 MESH:D003743 NCIT:C32505 SCTID:362113009 UMLS:C0011350 VSAO:0000065 Wikipedia:Enamel_organ XAO:0004198 enamel of tooth enamel tissue tooth enamel enameloid UBERON:0001752 enamel http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Enamelorgan11-17-05.jpg A dentine-like hypermineralized substance that covers the tooth tip. Enamel's primary mineral is hydroxylapatite, which is a crystalline calcium phosphate. Unlike dentin and bone, enamel does not contain collagen. Instead, it has two unique classes of proteins called amelogenins and enamelins[WP]. Wikipedia:Enamel_organ ZFIN:curator PMID:19730686 PMID:19730686 Skeletal tissue that consists of an avascular, noncollagenous, hypermineralized matrix that is deposited by ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix. Enamel develops from organic pre-enamel tissue that is replaced by a largely inorganic matrix.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000065 VSAO PSPUB:0000170 part_of tooth enamel organ in MA MA UMLS:C0011350 ncithesaurus:Enamel enamel tissue VSAO:curator Odontoid tissue that is deposited by cementoblasts onto dentine tissue and functions to attach teeth, odontodes and other odontogenic derivatives to bone tissue and the integument. Odontoid tissue that is deposited by cementoblasts onto dentine tissue and functions to attach teeth, odontodes and other odontogenic derivatives to bone tissue and the integument.[VSAO] Substance of tooth produced by cementoblasts; surrounds the dentine of the root of the tooth[FMA:55630]. Cementum, the supporting tissue that anchors mammalian and crocodylian teeth into their sockets, differs among species and can have features of dentine, of bone, and of calcified cartilage, as well as unique features. Cementum is deposited by cementoblasts onto existing dentine. As in bone and dentine, cementoblasts produce an organic matrix, the main constituent of which is collagen type I (Bosshardt, 2005), but cementum, dentine, and bone also share a number of important noncollagenous matrix components such as osteopontin, osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, a2-HS- glycoprotein, dentine matrix protein, dentine sialoprotein, and den- tine phosphoprotein (McKee et al., 1996; Bosshardt, 2005). it has been argued that in all rodents and ruminants, cementum is a form of calcified cartilage[H&W] BTO:0002525 CALOHA:TS-2163 EMAPA:35203 FMA:55630 MA:0002541 MESH:D003739 NCIT:C32276 SCTID:362114003 UMLS:C0011343 VSAO:0000062 Wikipedia:Cementum XAO:0004196 cement cement of tooth cementum cementum of tooth bone of attachment UBERON:0001753 cementum https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/The_Periodontium.jpg Odontoid tissue that is deposited by cementoblasts onto dentine tissue and functions to attach teeth, odontodes and other odontogenic derivatives to bone tissue and the integument. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000062 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 Odontoid tissue that is deposited by cementoblasts onto dentine tissue and functions to attach teeth, odontodes and other odontogenic derivatives to bone tissue and the integument.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000062 VSAO PSPUB:0000170 Substance of tooth produced by cementoblasts; surrounds the dentine of the root of the tooth[FMA:55630]. FMA:55630 UMLS:C0011343 ncithesaurus:Cementum cement FMA:55630 bone of attachment VSAO:0000062 The part in the center of a tooth made up of living soft tissue and cells called odontoblasts[WP]. Material in the center of the dentine of the mature tooth. In secondary teeth the pulp contains blood vessels and odontoblast.[TAO] The oral cavity of vertebrates is generally thought to arise as an ectodermal invagination. Consistent with this, oral teeth are proposed to arise exclusively from ectoderm, contributing to tooth enamel epithelium, and from neural crest derived mesenchyme, contributing to dentin and pulp (reference 1); Teeth and tooth-like structures, together named odontodes, are repeated organs thought to share a common evolutionary origin. These structures can be found in gnathostomes at different locations along the body: oral teeth in the jaws, teeth and denticles in the oral-pharyngeal cavity, and dermal denticles on elasmobranch skin (reference 2).[uncertain][VHOG] BTO:0000339 CALOHA:TS-0195 EMAPA:35274 FMA:55631 GAID:1270 MA:0001599 MESH:D003782 NCIT:C32451 SCTID:362110007 TAO:0005141 UMLS:C0011399 VHOG:0001469 Wikipedia:Dental_pulp ZFA:0005141 pulp of tooth tooth pulp dental pulp cell UBERON:0001754 dental pulp https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Tooth_Section.svg The part in the center of a tooth made up of living soft tissue and cells called odontoblasts[WP]. Wikipedia:Dental_pulp Material in the center of the dentine of the mature tooth. In secondary teeth the pulp contains blood vessels and odontoblast.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0005141 TAO ZFIN:curator The oral cavity of vertebrates is generally thought to arise as an ectodermal invagination. Consistent with this, oral teeth are proposed to arise exclusively from ectoderm, contributing to tooth enamel epithelium, and from neural crest derived mesenchyme, contributing to dentin and pulp (reference 1); Teeth and tooth-like structures, together named odontodes, are repeated organs thought to share a common evolutionary origin. These structures can be found in gnathostomes at different locations along the body: oral teeth in the jaws, teeth and denticles in the oral-pharyngeal cavity, and dermal denticles on elasmobranch skin (reference 2).[uncertain][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001469 VHOG DOI:10.1038/nature07304 Soukup V, Epperlein HH, Horacek I, Cerny R, Dual epithelial origin of vertebrate oral teeth. Nature (2008), DOI:10.1186/1471-2148-11-307 The homology of odontodes in gnathostomes: insights from Dlx gene expression in the dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2011) http://bgee.unil.ch/ UMLS:C0011399 ncithesaurus:Dental_Pulp tooth pulp ZFA:0005141 dental pulp cell BTO:0000339 The tissues that invest or help to invest and support the teeth, including the periodontal ligament, gingivae, cementum, and alveolar and supporting bone[BTO]. FMA treats periodontium and periodontal ligament as the same BTO:0001021 CALOHA:TS-2380 GAID:216 MESH:D010519 NCIT:C33304 UMLS:C0031093 Wikipedia:Periodontium paradentium periodontal ligament periodontal membrane tooth supporting structure UBERON:0001758 periodontium https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/The_Periodontium.jpg The tissues that invest or help to invest and support the teeth, including the periodontal ligament, gingivae, cementum, and alveolar and supporting bone[BTO]. BTO:0001021 Wikipedia:Periodontium FMA treats periodontium and periodontal ligament as the same FMA UMLS:C0031093 ncithesaurus:Periodontium paradentium MESH:A14.254.646 periodontal ligament FMA:56665 periodontal membrane MA:0002467 tooth supporting structure MESH:A14.254.646 One of the paired paranasal sinuses, located in the body of the maxilla, communicating with the middle meatus of the nasal cavity. CALOHA:TS-2231 FMA:57715 GAID:358 MA:0001794 MESH:D008443 NCIT:C12275 SCTID:181204007 UMLS:C0024957 Wikipedia:Maxillary_sinus antrum of Highmore sinus maxilliaris Highmore antrum maxillary antrum UBERON:0001764 maxillary sinus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Gray1199.png One of the paired paranasal sinuses, located in the body of the maxilla, communicating with the middle meatus of the nasal cavity. MESH:A04.531.621.578 Wikipedia:Maxillary_sinus UMLS:C0024957 ncithesaurus:Maxillary_Sinus sinus maxilliaris Wikipedia:Maxillary_sinus Highmore antrum MESH:A04.531.621.578 maxillary antrum MESH:A04.531.621.578 The paired air-filled cavities surrounded by the bones of the face that are lined by mucous membranes and are continuous with the nasal cavity. Arise as epithelial lined diverticula of the lining of the nasal cavity. The extent of sinus development varies with species, most of the development occurs postnatally sinus CALOHA:TS-2082 EHDAA:6489 EMAPA:35662 EV:0100038 FMA:59679 GAID:355 MA:0000431 MESH:D010256 NCIT:C12763 SCTID:181203001 UMLS:C0030471 Wikipedia:Paranasal_sinuses nasal sinus UBERON:0001825 paranasal sinus https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Nnh_front.svg The paired air-filled cavities surrounded by the bones of the face that are lined by mucous membranes and are continuous with the nasal cavity. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0002240 UMLS:C0030471 ncithesaurus:Paranasal_Sinus nasal sinus GAID:355 The fibrous investing tissue, covered by keratinized epithelium, that immediately surrounds a tooth and is contiguous with its periodontal ligament and with the mucosal tissues of the mouth[Glossary of Periodontal Terms 2001]. FMA has a 3-level breakdown of jaws into: region, jaw (skeleton+gums), skeleton. gingival BTO:0000519 CALOHA:TS-2074 EFO:0001925 EMAPA:35945 EV:0100064 FMA:59762 GAID:1257 MA:0000342 MESH:D005881 NCIT:C32677 SCTID:181224006 UMLS:C0017562 VHOG:0001269 Wikipedia:Gingiva galen:Gingiva gum gum tissue gums gingival mucosa UBERON:0001828 gingiva https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-female/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-f-mouth.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-male/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-m-mouth.glb https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Tooth_Section.svg The fibrous investing tissue, covered by keratinized epithelium, that immediately surrounds a tooth and is contiguous with its periodontal ligament and with the mucosal tissues of the mouth[Glossary of Periodontal Terms 2001]. ISBN:0013002015 Wikipedia:Gingiva UMLS:C0017562 ncithesaurus:Gingiva gum FMA:59762 gum tissue https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance. Cartilage (tissue) which consists of chondrocytes and collagen, the intercellular matrix of which is an amorphous gel with a perichondrium[FMA:64783]. Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance.[VSAO] EMAPA:35414 FMA:64783 MA:0000109 NCIT:C32746 SCTID:39298000 UMLS:C0225362 VSAO:0000094 Wikipedia:Hyaline_cartilage XAO:0004029 hyaline cartilage chondroid cartilage UBERON:0001994 hyaline cartilage tissue http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Gray292.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Hypertrophic_Zone_of_Epiphyseal_Plate.jpg Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000094 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 Cartilage (tissue) which consists of chondrocytes and collagen, the intercellular matrix of which is an amorphous gel with a perichondrium[FMA:64783]. FMA:64783 Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000094 VSAO PSPUB:0000170 UMLS:C0225362 ncithesaurus:Hyaline_Cartilage hyaline cartilage MA:0000109 chondroid cartilage http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Soft tissue that lines the non-cartilaginous surfaces within joints with cavities (synovial joints). Phylogenetically, synovium is one of the newer attributes of the vertebrate locomotor apparatus. The first synovial joints developed in the piscine jaw of ancestors of modern lungfish by an evolutionary process that modified preexisting fibrous and cartilaginous joints, which were the predominant articulation of the early sea- and land-dwelling vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] synovial layer synovial membrane synovium AEO:0000181 BTO:0001823 EFO:0001393 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003181 EMAPA:37476 EV:0100143 FMA:9865 GAID:264 MA:0000114 MESH:D013583 NCIT:C12473 SCTID:361828005 UMLS:C0039099 VHOG:0001282 Wikipedia:Synovial_membrane galen:SynovialMembrane membrana synovialis (capsula articularis) membrana synovialis capsulae articularis stratum synoviale stratum synoviale (capsula articularis) synovial layer of articular capsule of synovial joint synovial membrane of articular capsule of synovial joint synovium of articular capsule of synovial joint UBERON:0002018 synovial membrane of synovial joint http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Joint.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Synovium.png Soft tissue that lines the non-cartilaginous surfaces within joints with cavities (synovial joints). Wikipedia:Synovial_membrane Phylogenetically, synovium is one of the newer attributes of the vertebrate locomotor apparatus. The first synovial joints developed in the piscine jaw of ancestors of modern lungfish by an evolutionary process that modified preexisting fibrous and cartilaginous joints, which were the predominant articulation of the early sea- and land-dwelling vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001282 VHOG PMID:11068553 O'Connel JX, Pathology of the synovium. American Journal of Clinical Pathology (2000) http://bgee.unil.ch/ synovial layer FMA:66762 synovial membrane AEO:0000181 synovium BTO:0001823 VHOG:0001282 EMAPA:37476 MA:th UMLS:C0039099 ncithesaurus:Synovial_Membrane membrana synovialis (capsula articularis) FMA:9865 FMA:TA membrana synovialis capsulae articularis Wikipedia:Synovial_membrane stratum synoviale FMA:66762 FMA:TA stratum synoviale (capsula articularis) FMA:9865 FMA:TA synovial layer of articular capsule of synovial joint FMA:9865 synovial membrane of articular capsule of synovial joint FMA:9865 synovium of articular capsule of synovial joint FMA:9865 Muscle tissue that contains fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations. Voluntary muscle tissue arranged in bundles of fibers.[AAO] AAO:0010762 AEO:0000140 CALOHA:TS-2047 EHDAA2:0003140 EMAPA:36390 FMA:67905 MA:0002438 NCIT:C12436 UMLS:C1331262 WBbt:0005779 Wikipedia:Striated_muscle galen:StriatedMuscle striated muscle UBERON:0002036 striated muscle tissue Muscle tissue that contains fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations. CL:0000737 GOC:dph GOC:mtg_muscle Voluntary muscle tissue arranged in bundles of fibers.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010762 AAO AAO:CAM UMLS:C1331262 ncithesaurus:Striated_Muscle_Tissue An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism[ZFA]. Examples: vasculature of lung, vasculature of face. see also: vascular system. Consider merging? vascular BTO:0003718 FMA:69050 TAO:0005249 ZFA:0005249 vascular network UBERON:0002049 vasculature http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Circulatory_System_en.svg An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism[ZFA]. Examples: vasculature of lung, vasculature of face. ZFA:0005249 vascular network FMA:69050 Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by an articular capsule which encloses a synovial membrane and a synovial cavity. Examples: Temporomandibular joint, knee joint.[FMA]. Is a joint that is located at the point of contact of articulating bones allowing movement. The joint has a capsule containing synovial fluid surrounding the articulating bone surfaces.[TAO] AEO:0000183 CALOHA:TS-2138 EHDAA2:0003183 FMA:7501 MA:0000322 NCIT:C32461 SCTID:113234001 TAO:0005153 Wikipedia:Synovial_joint ZFA:0005153 galen:SynovialJoint articulatio synoviale diarthroses diarthrosis diarthrosis joint diarthrodial joints UBERON:0002217 synovial joint Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by an articular capsule which encloses a synovial membrane and a synovial cavity. Examples: Temporomandibular joint, knee joint.[FMA]. FMA:7501 Wikipedia:Synovial_joint Is a joint that is located at the point of contact of articulating bones allowing movement. The joint has a capsule containing synovial fluid surrounding the articulating bone surfaces.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0005153 TAO ZFIN:Curator diarthroses ZFA:0005153 diarthrodial joints ZFA:0005153 A gland that secretes products (excluding hormones and other chemical messengers) into ducts (duct glands) which lead directly into the external environment[WP]. Typical exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas. Currently this is logically defined by the system it belongs to, but a better system may be base this on presence/absence of ducts. However, the dual nature of the liver should be taken into consideration here. Consider adding subclasses AEO:0000097 BTO:0000765 CALOHA:TS-2012 EHDAA2:0003097 EMAPA:35327 FMA:9596 GAID:34 MA:0002564 MESH:D005088 NCIT:C12712 SCTID:115976003 UMLS:C0015282 Wikipedia:Exocrine_gland ducted gland glandula exocrina UBERON:0002365 exocrine gland A gland that secretes products (excluding hormones and other chemical messengers) into ducts (duct glands) which lead directly into the external environment[WP]. Typical exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas. Wikipedia:Exocrine_gland UMLS:C0015282 ncithesaurus:Exocrine_Gland ducted gland AEO:0000097 glandula exocrina Wikipedia:Exocrine_gland Any skeletal muscle that is part of the head region. UBERON:0003899 AAO:0000107 BTO:0000021 EFO:0003524 EHDAA2:0000322 EMAPA:18172 FMA:9616 MA:0000578 SCTID:244718003 ZFA:0001652 cephalic muscle cephalic musculature head muscle head muscle organ muscle of head muscle organ of adult head muscle organ of head musculus caput adult head muscle organ cranial muscle head muscles UBERON:0002376 defined generically so could in theory encompass FBbt:00003260 'skeletal muscle of head', or the muscle of a starfish Aristotle's lantern, but we restrict this to craniates. Skeletal muscles of the head originate from the non-segmented head mesoderm (Noden, 1983; Wachtler et al., 1984) cranial muscle Any skeletal muscle that is part of the head region. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cephalic muscle ZFA:0001652 head muscle MA:0000578 head muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle of head FMA:9616 muscle organ of adult head OBOL:automatic muscle organ of head OBOL:automatic adult head muscle organ OBOL:automatic cranial muscle ZFA:0001652 Any muscle that is part of the cervical (neck) region. FMA:9617 GAID:149 MA:0000587 MESH:D009334 NCIT:C33163 UMLS:C0027532 muscle organ of neck muscle organ of neck (volume) neck (volume) muscle organ neck muscle neck muscle organ UBERON:0002377 muscle of neck Any muscle that is part of the cervical (neck) region. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 UMLS:C0027532 ncithesaurus:Neck_Muscle muscle organ of neck OBOL:automatic muscle organ of neck (volume) OBOL:automatic neck (volume) muscle organ OBOL:automatic neck muscle organ OBOL:automatic Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance. One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. It is largely a category of exclusion rather than one with a precise definition, but there are certain characteristics shared by all or most tissues in this category, such as involvement in structure and support, derived from mesoderm, and characterized largely by the traits of non-living tissue.[AAO] Portion of tissue that consists of mesodermally derived cells and intercellular matrix comprised of protein fibers and carbohydrates, which supports, ensheathes and binds together other tissues.[TAO] Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance.[VSAO] MA also has set of connective tissues AAO:0000098 BTO:0000421 CALOHA:TS-2009 EFO:0000952 EMAPA:35251 FMA:9640 GAID:100 MA:0000011 MAT:0000301 MESH:D003238 MIAA:0000301 NCIT:C12374 SCTID:361919005 TAO:0001641 UMLS:C0009780 VSAO:0000017 XAO:0001017 ZFA:0001632 galen:ConnectiveTissue portion of connective tissue textus connectivus Bindegewebe UBERON:0002384 connective tissue Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000017 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/23 One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. It is largely a category of exclusion rather than one with a precise definition, but there are certain characteristics shared by all or most tissues in this category, such as involvement in structure and support, derived from mesoderm, and characterized largely by the traits of non-living tissue.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000098 AAO AAO:LAP Portion of tissue that consists of mesodermally derived cells and intercellular matrix comprised of protein fibers and carbohydrates, which supports, ensheathes and binds together other tissues.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001641 TAO TAO:wd Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000017 VSAO GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 PSPUB:0000170 MA also has set of connective tissues MA UMLS:C0009780 ncithesaurus:Connective_Tissue portion of connective tissue FMA:9640 Bindegewebe BTO:0000421 Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO]. One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Tissue that contains cells with contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. Muscle tissue also is separated into three distinct categories.[AAO] AAO:0000306 AEO:0000122 CALOHA:TS-0642 EHDAA2:0003122 EMAPA:32715 FMA:9641 MA:0002437 MESH:D009132 NCIT:C12435 SCTID:91727004 UMLS:C2328219 Wikipedia:Muscle_tissue galen:MuscleTissue muscular tissue portion of muscle tissue textus muscularis UBERON:0002385 Vertebrate muscle is categorized into three major muscle types defined by their structural and functional properties: skeletal, cardiac and smooth. In Dmel the counterparts are somatic, heart/cardiac and visceral. Here we take a cell type based approach. muscle tissue Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO]. GO:0060537 Wikipedia:Muscle_tissue https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=2801266&group_id=36855&atid=440764 One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Tissue that contains cells with contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. Muscle tissue also is separated into three distinct categories.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000306 AAO AAO:LAP UMLS:C2328219 ncithesaurus:Muscle_Tissue muscular tissue portion of muscle tissue FMA:9641 The bone which normally forms the lateral upper jaw in osteichthyans, including tetrapods. Dermal bone that forms part of the upper jaw, located antero-ventral to the premaxilla. The maxilla is a paired bone.[TAO] Paired, intramembranous bone located on the lateral sides of the skull, posterior to the premaxillae.[AAO] relationship loss: overlaps autopalatine-maxillary joint (TAO:0001942)[TAO] relationship loss: overlaps premaxillary-maxillary joint (TAO:0002260)[TAO] In some teleosts, the maxilla is located postero-ventral to the supramaxilla. Commonly, the articular process of the maxilla articulates with the autopalatine and ethmoidal region antero-medially. The maxilla is usually the largest bone in the upper jaw assemblage.[TAO] maxillary upper jaw bone AAO:0000285 BTO:0006516 CALOHA:TS-2217 EHDAA2:0001068 EHDAA:8043 EMAPA:17639 FMA:9711 GAID:220 MA:0001491 MESH:D008437 NCIT:C26470 SCTID:181813003 TAO:0000270 UMLS:C0024947 VHOG:0001021 VSAO:0000207 Wikipedia:Maxilla ZFA:0000270 galen:Maxilla maxillae maxillary bone UBERON:0002397 Fusion of maxilla + premaxilla maxilla http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Gray189.png The bone which normally forms the lateral upper jaw in osteichthyans, including tetrapods. Wikipedia:Maxilla http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryM.html Dermal bone that forms part of the upper jaw, located antero-ventral to the premaxilla. The maxilla is a paired bone.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000270 TAO TAO:GA_TG Paired, intramembranous bone located on the lateral sides of the skull, posterior to the premaxillae.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000285 AAO AAO:LAP relationship loss: overlaps autopalatine-maxillary joint (TAO:0001942)[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000270 TAO relationship loss: overlaps premaxillary-maxillary joint (TAO:0002260)[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000270 TAO In some teleosts, the maxilla is located postero-ventral to the supramaxilla. Commonly, the articular process of the maxilla articulates with the autopalatine and ethmoidal region antero-medially. The maxilla is usually the largest bone in the upper jaw assemblage.[TAO] 2012-09-06 TAO:0000270 TAO Curator BTO:0006516 UMLS:C0024947 ncithesaurus:Maxilla maxillae maxillary bone Wikipedia:Maxilla Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts. A type of dense connective tissue. It is composed of cells called chondrocytes which are dispersed in a firm gel-like ground substance, called the matrix. Cartilage is avascular (contains no blood vessels) and nutrients are diffused through the matrix. Cartilage is found in the joints, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, in the throat and between intervertebral disks. It makes up virtually the entire skeleton in chondrichthyes.[AAO] Portion of tissue which is connective tissue composed of collagen and/or elastin fibers and chondrocytes. Cartilage is avascular and provides both skeletal functions and a framework upon which bone is deposited.[TAO] Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts.[VSAO] relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] Phylogenetic analysis suggests that cartilage arose independently in cnidarians, hemichordates, vertebrates, arthropods, annelids, brachiopods, and molluscs - or a common ancestor of brachiopods and molluscs (...). Analyses of cartilage as a tissue and of the development of invertebrate cartilages are consistent with homology between invertebrate and vertebrate cartilage. From the discussion above, it will be clear that understanding genetic changes underlying cartilage evolution is key to determining whether the multiple origins of cartilage represent parallel evolution.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0000060 AEO:0000087 BTO:0000206 EFO:0000949 EHDAA2:0003087 EMAPA:32730 EV:0100141 FMA:37377 GAID:99 MA:0000104 MAT:0000189 MESH:D002356 MIAA:0000189 NCIT:C12373 NCIT:C32268 SCTID:309312004 TAO:0001501 UMLS:C0007301 VHOG:0001207 VSAO:0000040 Wikipedia:Cartilage XAO:0000170 ZFA:0005622 galen:Cartilage cartilage tissue cartilaginous tissue chondrogenic tissue cartilage cartilages portion of cartilage tissue UBERON:0002418 Previous: "A portion of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate[GO]. Regular connective tissue, which consists of chondrocytes and related cells, the intercellular matrix of which is chondrified. Examples: hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage[FMA]. an avascular supporting and articular skeletal tissue. It also functions as the primary endoskeletal support in vertebrate embryos. Cartilage is deposited by and is composed of chondroblasts and chondrocytes separated by an extracellular matrix, which may or may not mineralize depending on cartilage type, age, or taxon[Hall and Witten]." See also FMA:71500 Set of cartilages, FMA:55107 Cartilage organ, FMA:12264 Articular cartilage. // elements made from cartilage, cartilage-like, or chondroid tissues evolved in invertebrates[H&W] cartilage tissue http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Hypertrophic_Zone_of_Epiphyseal_Plate.jpg Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000040 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/37 https://sourceforge.net/p/obo/vertebrate-skeletal-anatomy-vsao-term-requests/5 A type of dense connective tissue. It is composed of cells called chondrocytes which are dispersed in a firm gel-like ground substance, called the matrix. Cartilage is avascular (contains no blood vessels) and nutrients are diffused through the matrix. Cartilage is found in the joints, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, in the throat and between intervertebral disks. It makes up virtually the entire skeleton in chondrichthyes.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000060 AAO AAO:LAP Portion of tissue which is connective tissue composed of collagen and/or elastin fibers and chondrocytes. Cartilage is avascular and provides both skeletal functions and a framework upon which bone is deposited.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001501 TAO ZFIN:curator Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000040 VSAO GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 PSPUB:0000170 relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000060 AAO Phylogenetic analysis suggests that cartilage arose independently in cnidarians, hemichordates, vertebrates, arthropods, annelids, brachiopods, and molluscs - or a common ancestor of brachiopods and molluscs (...). Analyses of cartilage as a tissue and of the development of invertebrate cartilages are consistent with homology between invertebrate and vertebrate cartilage. From the discussion above, it will be clear that understanding genetic changes underlying cartilage evolution is key to determining whether the multiple origins of cartilage represent parallel evolution.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001207 VHOG DOI:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2011.00520.x Hall BK, Parallelism, deep homology, and evo-devo. Evolution and Development (2012) http://bgee.unil.ch/ UMLS:C0007301 ncithesaurus:Cartilage cartilage tissue FMA:37377 chondrogenic tissue VSAO:0000040 cartilages VHOG:0001207 portion of cartilage tissue FMA:37377 An epithelium that is part of the mouth and lines the oral cavity, typically stratified squamous, and may be para-, ortho- or non- keratinized. Primary barrier between oral environment and deeper tissues. consider including separate class for developmental structure (adult human is stratified; in EHDAA2 is unilaminar) The epithelium that lines the oral cavity. The oral epithelium epithelial cells with many short microvilli as well as mucous cells, rodlet cells and taste buds[ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-060921-12, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-091204-24]. the avian oral epithelium has the developmental capacity to initiate tooth developmental programs with underlying grafts of non-avian oral ectomesenchyme AAO:0010357 BTO:0001775 CALOHA:TS-0715 EHDAA2:0001325 EHDAA:2187 EMAPA:16839 EMAPA:26942 FMA:265152 MA:0000344 NCIT:C49595 TAO:0000816 UMLS:C1709332 VHOG:0000187 XAO:0003201 ZFA:0000816 epithelium of mucosa of mouth epithelium of oral mucosa UBERON:0002424 oral epithelium An epithelium that is part of the mouth and lines the oral cavity, typically stratified squamous, and may be para-, ortho- or non- keratinized. Primary barrier between oral environment and deeper tissues. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The epithelium that lines the oral cavity. The oral epithelium epithelial cells with many short microvilli as well as mucous cells, rodlet cells and taste buds[ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-060921-12, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-091204-24]. ZFA:0000816 the avian oral epithelium has the developmental capacity to initiate tooth developmental programs with underlying grafts of non-avian oral ectomesenchyme PMID:16488870 UMLS:C1709332 ncithesaurus:Oral_Cavity_Epithelium epithelium of mucosa of mouth FMA:265152 epithelium of oral mucosa FMA:265152 Cervical lymph nodes are lymph nodes found in the neck. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:61213 MA:0000736 NCIT:C32298 SCTID:181757009 UMLS:C0588054 Wikipedia:Cervical_lymph_nodes lymph node of neck UBERON:0002429 cervical lymph node http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Lymph_node_regions.jpg Cervical lymph nodes are lymph nodes found in the neck. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Cervical_lymph_node UMLS:C0588054 ncithesaurus:Cervical_Lymph_Node Any of the mushroom-shaped papillae, which have a single taste bud at the tip, located mostly on the dorsal anterior portion of the tongue. The fungiform papillae are mushroom shaped e (projections) on the tongue. They are located on the top (dorsal) surface of the tongue, scattered throughout the filiform papilla but mainly at the tip and lateral margins of the tongue. They have taste buds on their superior (upper) surface which can distinguish the five tastes: sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami. They have a core of connective tissue. They are innervated by the seventh cranial nerve, more specifically via the submandibular ganglion, chorda tympani, and geniculate ganglion ascending to the solitary nucleus (the sensory component of the Vagus nerve in the brainstem). [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Fungiform_papilla]. In the mouse, Fungiform and palatal taste buds are innervated by the geniculate ganglion cells of the facial nerve[DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5142-05.2006] BIRNLEX:4106 EMAPA:18272 FMA:54821 MA:0001595 NCIT:C32644 SCTID:80673002 UMLS:C0226968 UMLS:C0545784 UMLS:C1267558 Wikipedia:Fungiform_papilla fungiform papilla of tongue fungiform papillae fungiform papillae set papillae fungiformes UBERON:0002448 fungiform papilla http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Gray1014.png https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-female/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-f-mouth.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-male/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-m-mouth.glb Any of the mushroom-shaped papillae, which have a single taste bud at the tip, located mostly on the dorsal anterior portion of the tongue. MGI:smb MP:0006257 The fungiform papillae are mushroom shaped e (projections) on the tongue. They are located on the top (dorsal) surface of the tongue, scattered throughout the filiform papilla but mainly at the tip and lateral margins of the tongue. They have taste buds on their superior (upper) surface which can distinguish the five tastes: sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami. They have a core of connective tissue. They are innervated by the seventh cranial nerve, more specifically via the submandibular ganglion, chorda tympani, and geniculate ganglion ascending to the solitary nucleus (the sensory component of the Vagus nerve in the brainstem). [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Fungiform_papilla]. Wikipedia:Fungiform_papilla UMLS:C0226968 BIRNLEX:4106 UMLS:C0545784 BIRNLEX:4106 ncithesaurus:Fungiform_Papilla UMLS:C1267558 BIRNLEX:4106 fungiform papilla of tongue FMA:54821 fungiform papillae fungiform papillae set papillae fungiformes Wikipedia:Fungiform_papilla The filiform papillae are thin, long 'V'-shaped cones that don't contain taste buds but are the most numerous. These papillae are mechanical and not involved in gustation covering most of the dorsum (upper surface). They are small and arranged in lines parallel to the V-shaped row of circumvallate papillae, except at the tip of the tongue where they are aligned transversely. Projecting from their apices are numerous filamentous processes, or secondary papillae. These are of a whitish tint, owing to the thickness and density of the epithelium of which they are composed. This epithelium has undergone a peculiar modification as the cells have become cornified and elongated into dense, imbricated, brush-like processes. They contain also a number of elastic fibers, which render them firmer and more elastic than the papillae of mucous membrane generally. The larger and longer papillae of this group are sometimes termed papillae conicae. Fungiform papillae are found dispersed throughout the filiform papillae. [WP,unvetted]. BIRNLEX:4104 EMAPA:18873 FMA:54820 MA:0002678 NCIT:C32604 SCTID:58743008 UMLS:C0226966 UMLS:C0545782 UMLS:C1267556 Wikipedia:Filiform_papilla filiform papilla of tongue filiform papillae filiform papillae set papillae filiformes UBERON:0002467 filiform papilla http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Gray1016.png The filiform papillae are thin, long 'V'-shaped cones that don't contain taste buds but are the most numerous. These papillae are mechanical and not involved in gustation covering most of the dorsum (upper surface). They are small and arranged in lines parallel to the V-shaped row of circumvallate papillae, except at the tip of the tongue where they are aligned transversely. Projecting from their apices are numerous filamentous processes, or secondary papillae. These are of a whitish tint, owing to the thickness and density of the epithelium of which they are composed. This epithelium has undergone a peculiar modification as the cells have become cornified and elongated into dense, imbricated, brush-like processes. They contain also a number of elastic fibers, which render them firmer and more elastic than the papillae of mucous membrane generally. The larger and longer papillae of this group are sometimes termed papillae conicae. Fungiform papillae are found dispersed throughout the filiform papillae. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Filiform_papilla UMLS:C0226966 BIRNLEX:4104 UMLS:C0545782 BIRNLEX:4104 ncithesaurus:Filiform_Papilla UMLS:C1267556 BIRNLEX:4104 filiform papilla of tongue FMA:54820 papillae filiformes Wikipedia:Filiform_papilla Any of the papillae located on the sides of the tongue. Taste-buds, the end-organs of the gustatory sense, are scattered over the mucous membrane of the mouth and tongue at irregular intervals. They occur especially in the sides of the vallate papillae. There is a localized area at the side of the base of the tongue, the foliate papillae, in which they are especially abundant. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Foliate_papilla]. BIRNLEX:4105 EMAPA:32788 FMA:54823 MA:0002679 NCIT:C32619 SCTID:362098003 UMLS:C0226969 UMLS:C0545785 Wikipedia:Foliate_papilla foliate papilla of tongue foliate papillae foliate papillae set papillae foliatae UBERON:0002468 foliate papilla http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Gray1021.png Any of the papillae located on the sides of the tongue. ISBN:0-8036-0655-9 MGI:smb MP:0006259 Taste-buds, the end-organs of the gustatory sense, are scattered over the mucous membrane of the mouth and tongue at irregular intervals. They occur especially in the sides of the vallate papillae. There is a localized area at the side of the base of the tongue, the foliate papillae, in which they are especially abundant. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Foliate_papilla]. Wikipedia:Foliate_papilla UMLS:C0226969 BIRNLEX:4105 UMLS:C0545785 BIRNLEX:4105 ncithesaurus:Foliate_Papilla foliate papilla of tongue FMA:54823 papillae foliatae Wikipedia:Foliate_papilla Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts. see https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/27 Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts.[VSAO] CALOHA:TS-2011 EMAPA:35179 FMA:224804 MA:0002780 MESH:D001842 NCIT:C13076 UMLS:C0391978 VSAO:0000047 Wikipedia:Bone_tissue XAO:0004040 ZFA:0005621 galen:BoneTissue calcium tissue osseous tissue osteogenic tissue mineralized bone tissue bone portion of bone tissue UBERON:0002481 bone tissue Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000047 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000047 VSAO GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 PSPUB:0000170 UMLS:C0391978 ncithesaurus:Bone_Tissue osteogenic tissue VSAO:curator mineralized bone tissue XAO:0004040 bone MESH:A02.835.232 portion of bone tissue FMA:224804 The central hollow space of a tooth. FMA:55660 MA:0002792 MESH:D003786 SCTID:362105008 Wikipedia:Tooth_cavity cavitas dentis cavitas pulparis lumen of tooth pulp cavity pulp cavity of tooth cavity of tooth tooth pulp cavity UBERON:0002487 tooth cavity The central hollow space of a tooth. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0002819 cavitas pulparis FMA:55660 FMA:TA cavity of tooth MA:0002792 tooth pulp cavity MA:0002792 Bone tissue forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP]. Bone that forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues.[TAO] [In TAO], This term was made obsolete because it is considered a synonym of membrane bone (VSAO:0000023).[TAO] EMAPA:36615 TAO:0001644 Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification ZFA:0001635 intramembranous bones membrane bone UBERON:0002514 intramembranous bone Bone tissue forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP]. GO:0001957 Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/267 Bone that forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001644 TAO TAO:wd [In TAO], This term was made obsolete because it is considered a synonym of membrane bone (VSAO:0000023).[TAO] 2012-09-06 TAO:0001644 TAO Curator intramembranous bones ZFA:0001635 membrane bone AEO:0000085 The thick fibrous membrane that closely invests the entire surface of a bone except the articular cartilage at synovial joints. periosteal BTO:0001022 EMAPA:35681 FMA:24041 GAID:925 MA:0002838 MESH:D010521 NCIT:C13184 SCTID:33840008 UMLS:C0031110 Wikipedia:Periosteum galen:PeriOsteum UBERON:0002515 periosteum https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Bone_growth.png The thick fibrous membrane that closely invests the entire surface of a bone except the articular cartilage at synovial joints. ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0010971 UMLS:C0031110 ncithesaurus:Periosteum The submandibular lymph nodes (submaxillary glands in older texts), three to six in number, are placed beneath the body of the mandible in the submaxillary triangle, and rest on the superficial surface of the submaxillary salivary gland. One gland, the middle gland of Stahr, which lies on the external maxillary artery as it turns over the mandible, is the most constant of the series; small lymph glands are sometimes found on the deep surface of the submaxillary salivary glands. The afferents of the submaxillary glands drain the medial palpebral commissure, the cheek, the side of the nose, the upper lip, the lateral part of the lower lip, the gums, and the anterior part of the margin of the tongue. Efferent vessels from the facial and submental glands also enter the submaxillary glands. Their efferent vessels pass to the superior deep cervical glands. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0000769 FMA:61224 MA:0002843 NCIT:C77650 SCTID:245319003 UMLS:C0229722 Wikipedia:Submandibular_lymph_node submandibular node mandibular lymph node nodi lymphoidei submandibulares UBERON:0002520 submandibular lymph node http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Illu_quiz_hn_03.jpg The submandibular lymph nodes (submaxillary glands in older texts), three to six in number, are placed beneath the body of the mandible in the submaxillary triangle, and rest on the superficial surface of the submaxillary salivary gland. One gland, the middle gland of Stahr, which lies on the external maxillary artery as it turns over the mandible, is the most constant of the series; small lymph glands are sometimes found on the deep surface of the submaxillary salivary glands. The afferents of the submaxillary glands drain the medial palpebral commissure, the cheek, the side of the nose, the upper lip, the lateral part of the lower lip, the gums, and the anterior part of the margin of the tongue. Efferent vessels from the facial and submental glands also enter the submaxillary glands. Their efferent vessels pass to the superior deep cervical glands. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Submandibular_lymph_node UMLS:C0229722 ncithesaurus:Submandibular_Lymph_Node mandibular lymph node nodi lymphoidei submandibulares BTO:0000769 An organ that functions as a secretory or excretory organ. glandular AAO:0000212 AEO:0000096 BTO:0000522 EFO:0000797 EHDAA2:0003096 EHDAA:2161 EMAPA:18425 FBbt:00100317 FMA:7146 FMA:86294 HAO:0000375 MA:0003038 MAT:0000021 MIAA:0000021 NCIT:C13319 SCTID:134358001 UMLS:C1285092 Wikipedia:Gland WikipediaCategory:Glands galen:Gland glandular organ Druese glandula UBERON:0002530 gland http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Gray1026.png An organ that functions as a secretory or excretory organ. MGI:csmith MP:0002163 FBbt:00100317 UMLS:C1285092 ncithesaurus:Gland glandular organ http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Druese BTO:0000522 glandula BTO:0000522 Wikipedia:Gland Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina. cavity BIRNLEX:1011 EMAPA:37442 FMA:67552 MA:0002447 NCIT:C34007 galen:Cavity UBERON:0002553 anatomical cavity Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina. FMA:67552 EMAPA:37442 MA:th BIRNLEX:1019 FMA:12237 SCTID:362606005 cavity of organ UBERON:0002558 organ cavity cavity of organ FMA:12237 Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism. consider obsoleting. See issue/1305 Organism subdivision which is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface.[ZFA] AAO:0010337 AEO_RETIRED:0000010 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003010 TAO:0000292 VSAO:0000001 Wikipedia:Surface_structure XAO:0003028 ZFA:0000292 galen:SurfaceRegion anatomical surface feature surface feature surface region surface structures UBERON:0003102 surface structure Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/24 Organism subdivision which is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface.[ZFA] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000292 TAO ZFIN:curator anatomical surface feature EHDAA2:0003010 surface structures ZFA:0000292 Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types. this class was introduced for consistency with CARO. However, in this ontology we typically classify organs directly under 'organ' rather than subdividing into compound and simple organs AAO:0010015 AEO:0000024 BILA:0000024 CARO:0000024 EHDAA2:0003024 HAO:0000024 TADS:0000598 TAO:0000496 TGMA:0001837 VHOG:0001723 XAO:0003041 ZFA:0000496 organ UBERON:0003103 compound organ Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types. CARO:0000024 Anatomical structure that is part of the head consisting entirely of cranium and mandible[WP]. in FMA the skull is divided into orbit, neurocranium (8 parts), viscerocranium (26 parts). Here we have a separate overlapping division into cranium and mandible. in many ontologies, the structure called the cranium is inclusive of the mandible/lower jaw skeleton A skull that is missing a mandible is only a cranium; this is the source of a very commonly made error in terminology. Those animals having skulls are called craniates BTO:0001295 CALOHA:TS-2344 EHDAA2:0000325 EMAPA:17680 FMA:46565 GAID:82 MESH:D012886 NCIT:C12789 SCTID:110530005 UMLS:C0037303 Wikipedia:Skull WikipediaCategory:Skull galen:Skull cranial skeleton skeletal system of head UBERON:0003129 skull Anatomical structure that is part of the head consisting entirely of cranium and mandible[WP]. PMID:11523816 Wikipedia:Skull http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2962656&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 in FMA the skull is divided into orbit, neurocranium (8 parts), viscerocranium (26 parts). Here we have a separate overlapping division into cranium and mandible. FMA A skull that is missing a mandible is only a cranium; this is the source of a very commonly made error in terminology. Those animals having skulls are called craniates WP UMLS:C0037303 ncithesaurus:Skull A calcareous tooth that is part of the upper jaw region. In mammals, the upper jaw teeth are attached to the maxilla. Note that we follow EHDAA2 and consider teeth part of the jaw skeleton EHDAA:8045 EMAPA:17938 MA:0001909 NCIT:C49792 SCTID:422279005 UMLS:C1710581 upper jaw tooth maxillary tooth UBERON:0003267 tooth of upper jaw A calcareous tooth that is part of the upper jaw region. In mammals, the upper jaw teeth are attached to the maxilla. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 UMLS:C1710581 ncithesaurus:Upper_Jaw_Tooth upper jaw tooth MA:0001909 maxillary tooth NCBITaxon:40674 A calcareous tooth that is part of the lower jaw region. In mammals, the lower jaw teeth are attached to the mandible (dentary). EHDAA:8009 EMAPA:17917 FMA:321647 MA:0001907 NCIT:C49582 SCTID:422032003 UMLS:C1708757 calcareous tooth of lower jaw lower jaw calcareous tooth lower jaw dentine containing tooth lower jaw tooth lower jaw vertebrate tooth mandibular tooth UBERON:0003268 tooth of lower jaw A calcareous tooth that is part of the lower jaw region. In mammals, the lower jaw teeth are attached to the mandible (dentary). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 UMLS:C1708757 ncithesaurus:Lower_Jaw_Tooth calcareous tooth of lower jaw OBOL:automatic lower jaw calcareous tooth OBOL:automatic lower jaw dentine containing tooth OBOL:automatic lower jaw tooth OBOL:automatic lower jaw vertebrate tooth OBOL:automatic mandibular tooth NCBITaxon:40674 A subdivision of the skeleton that corresponds to the upper part of the mouth. The lower jaw skeleton includes the following elements, when present: upper jaw teeth, the maxilla and other lower jaw bones. The jaw joint of all jawed vertebrates, except for mammals, involves the quadrate and articular bones, or the posterior ends of the palatoquadrate and mandibular cartilages; A correlate of the conversion of the articular and quadrate bones to the malleus and incus is that all adult mammals have a jaw joint that lies between the dentary of the lower jaw and the squamosal bone of the skull roof.[well established][VHOG] EMAPA/MA placement unclear. See https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/102 upper jaw AAO:0000622 EHDAA2:0002128 EHDAA:8041 EMAPA:17927 FMA:54397 MA:0001908 VHOG:0000429 XAO:0003087 upper jaw skeleton UBERON:0003277 skeleton of upper jaw A subdivision of the skeleton that corresponds to the upper part of the mouth. The lower jaw skeleton includes the following elements, when present: upper jaw teeth, the maxilla and other lower jaw bones. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The jaw joint of all jawed vertebrates, except for mammals, involves the quadrate and articular bones, or the posterior ends of the palatoquadrate and mandibular cartilages; A correlate of the conversion of the articular and quadrate bones to the malleus and incus is that all adult mammals have a jaw joint that lies between the dentary of the lower jaw and the squamosal bone of the skull roof.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000429 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.241 and p.101 http://bgee.unil.ch/ EMAPA/MA placement unclear. See https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/102 EMAPA upper jaw MA:0001908 A subdivision of the skeleton that corresponds to the lower part of the mouth. The lower jaw skeleton includes the following elements, when present: lower jaw teeth, the mandible and other lower jaw bones, and Meckel's cartilage. The ventral portion of the first pharyngeal arch, comprising the lower jaw.[TAO] The jaw joint of all jawed vertebrates, except for mammals, involves the quadrate and articular bones, or the posterior ends of the palatoquadrate and mandibular cartilages; A correlate of the conversion of the articular and quadrate bones to the malleus and incus is that all adult mammals have a jaw joint that lies between the dentary of the lower jaw and the squamosal bone of the skull roof.[well established][VHOG] Inclusion of the FMA class 'lower jaw' is debatable - this mostly corresponds to the lower jaw skeleton (with 'maxillary part of mouth' corresponding to the upper jaw region); however, the FMA class also includes gingiva. See also: https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/102 lower jaw mandible AAO:0000274 EHDAA2:0004606 EHDAA:8005 EMAPA:17910 FMA:54398 MA:0001906 TAO:0001273 VHOG:0000428 XAO:0003084 ZFA:0001273 lower jaw skeleton mandibles mandibular series UBERON:0003278 skeleton of lower jaw A subdivision of the skeleton that corresponds to the lower part of the mouth. The lower jaw skeleton includes the following elements, when present: lower jaw teeth, the mandible and other lower jaw bones, and Meckel's cartilage. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The ventral portion of the first pharyngeal arch, comprising the lower jaw.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001273 TAO ZFIN:curator The jaw joint of all jawed vertebrates, except for mammals, involves the quadrate and articular bones, or the posterior ends of the palatoquadrate and mandibular cartilages; A correlate of the conversion of the articular and quadrate bones to the malleus and incus is that all adult mammals have a jaw joint that lies between the dentary of the lower jaw and the squamosal bone of the skull roof.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000428 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.241 and p.101 http://bgee.unil.ch/ Inclusion of the FMA class 'lower jaw' is debatable - this mostly corresponds to the lower jaw skeleton (with 'maxillary part of mouth' corresponding to the upper jaw region); however, the FMA class also includes gingiva. See also: https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/102 FMA lower jaw MA:0001906 ZFA:0001273 mandible ZFA:0001273 lower jaw skeleton AAO:0000274 mandibles TAO:0001273 mandibular series ZFA:0001273 A layer of epithelial cells on the surface of the mucosa. BTO:0003752 lamina epithelialis mucosa lamina epithelialis mucosae UBERON:0003350 lies on top of lamina propria epithelium of mucosa A layer of epithelial cells on the surface of the mucosa. BTO:0003752 lamina epithelialis mucosa BTO:0003752 lamina epithelialis mucosae BTO:0003752 An epithelium that is part of a tongue [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0000992 CALOHA:TS-1051 EHDAA2:0004598 EMAPA:17881 FMA:284658 MA:0001592 NCIT:C49300 UMLS:C1710436 epithelial tissue of tongue tongue epithelial tissue tongue epithelium lingual epithelium UBERON:0003357 examples: tongue squamous epithelium, keratined, non-keratinized and parakeratinized epithelium, as well as gustatory epithelium. Note that not all these subtypes are named in individual anatomy ontologies. epithelium of tongue An epithelium that is part of a tongue [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic UMLS:C1710436 ncithesaurus:Tongue_Epithelium epithelial tissue of tongue OBOL:automatic tongue epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic tongue epithelium OBOL:automatic lingual epithelium BTO:0000992 A gland that is part of a digestive tract [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18815 MA:0003202 digestive tract gland gland of digestive tract gland of lower gastrointestinal tract gut gland lower gastrointestinal tract gland UBERON:0003408 gland of digestive tract A gland that is part of a digestive tract [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic digestive tract gland OBOL:automatic gland of digestive tract OBOL:automatic gland of lower gastrointestinal tract OBOL:automatic gut gland MA:0003202 lower gastrointestinal tract gland OBOL:automatic An incisor tooth that is part of a upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0002121 EMAPA:17939 FMA:321754 MA:0001601 NCIT:C49794 SCTID:421578001 UMLS:C1710579 incisor of palatoquadrate arch incisor of upper jaw incisor tooth of palatoquadrate arch incisor tooth of upper jaw palatoquadrate arch incisor palatoquadrate arch incisor tooth upper incisor upper jaw incisor tooth maxillary incisor tooth premaxillary tooth UBERON:0003450 upper jaw incisor An incisor tooth that is part of a upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic UMLS:C1710579 ncithesaurus:Upper_Jaw_Incisor incisor of palatoquadrate arch OBOL:automatic incisor of upper jaw OBOL:automatic incisor tooth of palatoquadrate arch OBOL:automatic incisor tooth of upper jaw OBOL:automatic palatoquadrate arch incisor OBOL:automatic palatoquadrate arch incisor tooth OBOL:automatic upper incisor OBOL:automatic https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 upper jaw incisor tooth OBOL:automatic maxillary incisor tooth FMA:55712 premaxillary tooth https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An incisor tooth that is part of a lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0001942 EHDAA2:0001021 EMAPA:17918 MA:0001600 NCIT:C49583 UMLS:C1708755 incisor of lower jaw incisor of ventral mandibular arch incisor tooth of lower jaw incisor tooth of ventral mandibular arch lower incisor lower jaw incisor tooth mandibular incisor ventral mandibular arch incisor ventral mandibular arch incisor tooth UBERON:0003451 lower jaw incisor An incisor tooth that is part of a lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic UMLS:C1708755 ncithesaurus:Lower_Jaw_Incisor incisor of lower jaw OBOL:automatic incisor of ventral mandibular arch OBOL:automatic incisor tooth of lower jaw OBOL:automatic incisor tooth of ventral mandibular arch OBOL:automatic lower incisor OBOL:automatic https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 lower jaw incisor tooth OBOL:automatic mandibular incisor BTO:0001942 ventral mandibular arch incisor OBOL:automatic ventral mandibular arch incisor tooth OBOL:automatic A bone that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35996 MA:0000576 SCTID:118646007 adult head bone adult head bone organ bone of adult head bone of head bone organ of adult head bone organ of head head bone organ craniofacial bone UBERON:0003457 Different sources vary regarding which bones are craniofacial; e.g. hyoid bone head bone A bone that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic adult head bone OBOL:automatic adult head bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of adult head OBOL:automatic bone of head OBOL:automatic bone organ of adult head OBOL:automatic bone organ of head OBOL:automatic head bone organ OBOL:automatic craniofacial bone http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A bone that is part of a facial skeleton [Automatically generated definition]. test whether 'facial bone' is an exact synonym EMAPA:19019 EMAPA:35924 MA:0001482 MA:0003159 MESH:D005147 NCIT:C63706 SCTID:181799005 UMLS:C0015455 bone of facial skeleton facial bone facial skeleton bone bone of viscerocranium viscerocranium bone UBERON:0003462 facial bone A bone that is part of a facial skeleton [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic MESH:D005147 UMLS:C0015455 ncithesaurus:Facial_Bone bone of facial skeleton OBOL:automatic facial bone EMAPA:19019 facial skeleton bone OBOL:automatic bone of viscerocranium OBOL:automatic viscerocranium bone OBOL:automatic Molars are the rearmost and most complicated kind of tooth in most mammals. Adult humans have twelve molars, in four groups of three at the back of the mouth. The third, rearmost molar in each group is called a wisdom tooth. It is the last tooth to appear, breaking through the surface of the gum at about the age of twenty, although this varies from individual to individual. Ethnicity can also have an impact on the age at which this occurs, with statistical variations between groups. The human mouth contains upper (maxillary) and lower (mandibular) molars. They are: maxillary first molar, maxillary second molar, maxillary third molar, mandibular first molar, mandibular second molar, and mandibular third molar. BTO:0001759 CALOHA:TS-0637 EMAPA:32897 FMA:55638 MA:0000350 MESH:D008963 NCIT:C33136 SCTID:362115002 UMLS:C0026367 Wikipedia:Molar_(tooth) dens molaris molaris molar UBERON:0003655 molar tooth true Molars are the rearmost and most complicated kind of tooth in most mammals. Wikipedia:Molar_(tooth) https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/221 UMLS:C0026367 ncithesaurus:Molar_Tooth dens molaris Wikipedia:Molar_(tooth) molaris BTO:0001759 molar MA:0000350 A molar tooth that is part of a upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0002125 EHDAA:8053 EMAPA:17942 MA:0001603 NCIT:C49795 UMLS:C1710580 molar tooth of upper jaw upper jaw molar tooth upper molar tooth maxillary secondary molar tooth upper molar upper permanent molar tooth upper secondary molar tooth UBERON:0003666 upper jaw molar A molar tooth that is part of a upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic UMLS:C1710580 ncithesaurus:Upper_Jaw_Molar molar tooth of upper jaw OBOL:automatic upper jaw molar tooth OBOL:automatic upper molar tooth https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 maxillary secondary molar tooth FMA:55720 upper molar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 upper permanent molar tooth FMA:55720 upper secondary molar tooth FMA:55720 A molar tooth that is part of a lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0001025 EHDAA:8017 EMAPA:17921 FMA:290267 MA:0001602 NCIT:C49584 UMLS:C1708756 lower jaw molar tooth lower molar tooth molar tooth of lower jaw lower molar UBERON:0003667 lower jaw molar A molar tooth that is part of a lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic UMLS:C1708756 ncithesaurus:Lower_Jaw_Molar lower jaw molar tooth OBOL:automatic lower molar tooth https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 molar tooth of lower jaw OBOL:automatic lower molar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A collection of teeth arranged in some pattern in the mouth or other part of the body. The arrangement may be a simple row, a collection of rows, or a more elaborate structure, such as a toooth whorl. Dentition refers to set of teeth, especially with regard to their number, kind, and arrangement, in the mouth.[AAO] The teeth collectively in the dental arch. Dentition ordinarily refers to the natural teeth in position in their alveoli. (MeSH[ncithesaurus:Dentition]) In FMA this is an anatomical set AAO:0000126 FMA:75150 GAID:1249 MESH:D003817 NCIT:C13072 SCTID:245543004 UMLS:C0011443 dentes set of teeth teeth teeth set collection of teeth teeth UBERON:0003672 dentition A collection of teeth arranged in some pattern in the mouth or other part of the body. The arrangement may be a simple row, a collection of rows, or a more elaborate structure, such as a toooth whorl. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Dentition refers to set of teeth, especially with regard to their number, kind, and arrangement, in the mouth.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000126 AAO AAO:LAP The teeth collectively in the dental arch. Dentition ordinarily refers to the natural teeth in position in their alveoli. (MeSH[ncithesaurus:Dentition]) ncithesaurus:Dentition In FMA this is an anatomical set FMA UMLS:C0011443 ncithesaurus:Dentition dentes FMA:75150 FMA:TA set of teeth FMA:75150 teeth FMA:75150 teeth set FMA:75150 A tooth that is typically long and pointed and bearing a single cusp. Most species that develop them normally have four per individual, two in the upper jaw and two in the lower, separated within each jaw by its incisors; humans and dogs are examples. In most animals, canines are the anterior-most teeth in the maxillary bone. The four canines in humans are the two maxillary canines and the two mandibular canines. canine FMA:55636 GAID:1262 MESH:D003481 NCIT:C32258 SCTID:420817000 SCTID:88719004 UMLS:C0010482 Wikipedia:Canine_tooth canine tooth cuspis dentis caniniform tooth canine (tooth) canine eminence canine teeth dens caninus dentes canini dogtooth (anatomy) eye teeth eye tooth eyeteeth eyetooth fang UBERON:0003674 cuspid https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Azawakh_K9.jpg true A tooth that is typically long and pointed and bearing a single cusp. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Although there are a few exceptions, the dental formula for the great majority of cricetids is 1.0.0.3 Wikipedia:Cricetidae UMLS:C0010482 ncithesaurus:Canine_Tooth canine tooth FMA:55636 cuspis dentis FMA:55636 FMA:TA canine (tooth) Wikipedia:Canine_tooth canine eminence Wikipedia:Canine_tooth canine teeth GAID:1262 Wikipedia:Canine_tooth dens caninus Wikipedia:Canine_tooth dentes canini Wikipedia:Canine_tooth dogtooth (anatomy) Wikipedia:Canine_tooth eye teeth Wikipedia:Canine_tooth eye tooth Wikipedia:Canine_tooth eyeteeth Wikipedia:Canine_tooth eyetooth Wikipedia:Canine_tooth fang Wikipedia:Canine_tooth The portion of the tooth covered by enamel. FMA:55623 GAID:1275 MESH:D019228 NCIT:C32375 SCTID:362106009 UMLS:C0226993 anatomical crown corona dentis crown of tooth tooth crown crown UBERON:0003675 tooth crown The portion of the tooth covered by enamel. ncithesaurus:Corona_Dentis UMLS:C0226993 ncithesaurus:Corona_Dentis anatomical crown FMA:55623 corona dentis ncithesaurus:Corona_Dentis crown of tooth FMA:55623 tooth crown FMA:55623 The part of a tooth that is implanted in the gum; the root is normally located below the neck of the tooth, covered by cementum rather than enamel, and attached by the periodontal ligament to the alveolar bone. EMAPA:37975 FMA:55624 GAID:1280 MESH:D014092 SCTID:245728004 radix corona root of tooth tooth root UBERON:0003677 tooth root The part of a tooth that is implanted in the gum; the root is normally located below the neck of the tooth, covered by cementum rather than enamel, and attached by the periodontal ligament to the alveolar bone. MP:0011165 EMAPA:37975 MA:th radix corona FMA:55624 root of tooth FMA:55624 tooth root FMA:55624 The muscles of the palate are the glossopalatine, palatoglossus, levator palati(ni), musculus uvulae, palatopharyngeus, and tensor palati(ni). consider extra class for fauces see also FMA:71438 ! set of muscles of soft palate and fauces EMAPA:37929 FMA:46726 GAID:151 MESH:D010156 NCIT:C33247 SCTID:244794002 SCTID:73711005 UMLS:C0030213 Wikipedia:Muscles_of_soft_palate_and_fauces muscle of palate musculi palati mollis et faucium palatal muscle palate muscle palatine muscle musculi palati mollis et faucium UBERON:0003682 palatal muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Gray1028.png The muscles of the palate are the glossopalatine, palatoglossus, levator palati(ni), musculus uvulae, palatopharyngeus, and tensor palati(ni). MESH:A02.633.567.750 Wikipedia:Muscles_of_soft_palate_and_fauces see also FMA:71438 ! set of muscles of soft palate and fauces FMA EMAPA:37929 MA:th UMLS:C0030213 ncithesaurus:Palatal_Muscle muscle of palate FMA:46726 palatal muscle FMA:46726 palate muscle FMA:46726 palatine muscle FMA:46726 musculi palati mollis et faucium Wikipedia:Muscles_of_soft_palate_and_fauces Dental alveolus (plural, alveoli) are sockets in the jaws in which the roots of teeth are held in the alveolar process of maxilla with the periodontal ligament. The lay term for dental alveoli is tooth sockets. A joint that connect the roots of the teeth and the alveolus are called gomphosis (plural gomphoses). In mammals, tooth sockets are found in the maxilla and the mandible. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:57490 GAID:217 MESH:D020390 NCIT:C94543 SCTID:288323008 UMLS:C0227130 Wikipedia:Dental_alveolus dental alveolus alveolus dentali alveolus dentalis dental alveolus UBERON:0003686 tooth socket https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Alveole_zahn.jpg Dental alveolus (plural, alveoli) are sockets in the jaws in which the roots of teeth are held in the alveolar process of maxilla with the periodontal ligament. The lay term for dental alveoli is tooth sockets. A joint that connect the roots of the teeth and the alveolus are called gomphosis (plural gomphoses). In mammals, tooth sockets are found in the maxilla and the mandible. [WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Dental_alveolus UMLS:C0227130 ncithesaurus:Tooth_Socket dental alveolus FMA:57490 alveolus dentali GAID:217 alveolus dentalis GAID:217 Wikipedia:Dental_alveolus dental alveolus GAID:217 A synovial joint of the jaw that connects the mandible to the temporal bone. BTO:0003674 EMAPA:19196 FMA:54832 GAID:272 MA:0002899 MESH:D013704 NCIT:C32888 SCTID:181814009 UMLS:C0039493 Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint TMJ temperomandibular joint articulatio temporomandibularis dentary-squamosal joint squamosal-dentary joint tempero-mandibular joint temporalmandibular joint temporomandibular temporomandibular articulation temporomandibular joint UBERON:0003700 There are two TMJs, one on either side, working in unison. The unique feature of the TMJs is the articular disc. The disc is composed of fibrocartilagenous tissue (like the firm and flexible elastic cartilage of the ear) which is positioned between the two bones that form the joint. The TMJs are one of the only synovial joints in the human body with an articular disc, another being the sternoclavicular joint. The disc divides each joint into two. The lower joint compartment formed by the mandible and the articular disc is involved in rotational movement -- this is the initial movement of the jaw when the mouth opens. The upper joint compartment formed by the articular disk and the temporal bone is involved in translational movement -- this is the secondary gliding motion of the jaw as it is opened widely. The part of the mandible which mates to the under-surface of the disc is the condyle and the part of the temporal bone which mates to the upper surface of the disk is the glenoid (or mandibular) fossa[WP]. temporomandibular joint http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Gray309.png A synovial joint of the jaw that connects the mandible to the temporal bone. Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint UMLS:C0039493 ncithesaurus:Jaw_Joint TMJ BTO:0003674 Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint temperomandibular joint HP:0010754 articulatio temporomandibularis Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint dentary-squamosal joint http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryT.html squamosal-dentary joint http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryT.html tempero-mandibular joint Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint temporalmandibular joint Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint temporomandibular Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint temporomandibular articulation Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint temporomandibular joint Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint Portion of tissue in the nervous system which consists of neurons and glial cells, and may also contain parts of the vasculature. One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Cells forming the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system.[AAO] FMA definition includes vasculature AAO:0000325 AEO:0000123 EHDAA2:0003123 FMA:9642 GAID:609 MESH:D009417 NCIT:C13052 SCTID:91728009 UMLS:C0027757 nerve tissue nervous tissue portion of neural tissue UBERON:0003714 neural tissue Portion of tissue in the nervous system which consists of neurons and glial cells, and may also contain parts of the vasculature. FMA:9642 One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Cells forming the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000325 AAO AAO:LAP FMA definition includes vasculature FMA UMLS:C0027757 ncithesaurus:Nervous_Tissue nerve tissue FMA:9642 nervous tissue FMA:9642 portion of neural tissue FMA:9642 A mucous membrane that lines the mouth. this is defined as any mucous membrane of the mouth - including palate, lips, uvula, etc. ncit split mouth/oral mucosa into lip and buccal. In future we may split into masticatory/keratinized (gingiva + hard palate) vs lining/non-keratinized (lips, cheeks, floor of mouth, soft palate). FMA distinguishes between mucosa of mouth and region of mouth (the latter including the buccal mucosa) the mucous membrane epithelium of the mouth. It can be divided into three categories: masticatory, lining, and specialized[Wikipedia:Oral_mucosa]. BTO:0002860 CALOHA:TS-0716 EMAPA:26937 FMA:59660 GAID:951 MA:0002794 MESH:D009061 NCIT:C77637 UMLS:C0026639 Wikipedia:Oral_mucosa mouth mucosa mouth mucous membrane mouth organ mucosa mucosa of mouth mucous membrane of mouth oral mucous membrane oral part of viscerocranial mucosa tunica mucosa oris buccal mucosa mucosal lining of mouth oral mucosa tunica mucosa oris UBERON:0003729 mouth mucosa A mucous membrane that lines the mouth. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 the mucous membrane epithelium of the mouth. It can be divided into three categories: masticatory, lining, and specialized[Wikipedia:Oral_mucosa]. Wikipedia:Oral_mucosa UMLS:C0026639 ncithesaurus:Oral_Mucosa mouth mucosa FMA:59660 mouth mucous membrane OBOL:accepted mouth organ mucosa OBOL:accepted mucosa of mouth OBOL:accepted mucous membrane of mouth FMA:59660 oral part of viscerocranial mucosa FMA:59660 tunica mucosa oris FMA:59660 FMA:TA buccal mucosa GAID:951 mucosal lining of mouth MA:0002794 oral mucosa GAID:951 tunica mucosa oris Wikipedia:Oral_mucosa Any muscle organ that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35733 MA:0001828 apparatus respiratorius muscle organ muscle organ of apparatus respiratorius muscle organ of respiratory system respiratory system muscle organ UBERON:0003831 respiratory system muscle Any muscle organ that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic muscle organ of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system muscle organ OBOL:automatic Hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food. HAO:0001019 tooth-like organ UBERON:0003913 see dermal denticle tooth-like structure Hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 tooth-like organ http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An epithelium that lines the lumen of the digestive tract. Epithelium lining the lumen of the gut.[TAO] BTO:0000956 EHDAA2:0004567 EMAPA:32928 FBbt:00047166 MA:0003201 NCIT:C12963 TAO:0005123 UMLS:C0836205 XAO:0003200 ZFA:0005123 digestive tract epithelial tissue epithelial tissue of digestive tract epithelial tissue of gut epithelium of digestive tract epithelium of gut gastrodermis gut epithelial tissue gut epithelium alimentary tract epithelium UBERON:0003929 digestive tract epithelium An epithelium that lines the lumen of the digestive tract. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Epithelium lining the lumen of the gut.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0005123 TAO ZFIN:curator FBbt:00047166 UMLS:C0836205 ncithesaurus:Gut_Epithelium digestive tract epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of digestive tract OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of gut OBOL:automatic epithelium of digestive tract OBOL:automatic epithelium of gut OBOL:automatic gastrodermis NCBITaxon:6073 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3308-6245 gut epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic gut epithelium EHDAA2:0004567 MA:0003201 ZFA:0005123 alimentary tract epithelium OBOL:automatic The part of a molar that is covered by enamel. EMAPA:37910 FMA:85301 crown of molar tooth molar tooth crown molar tooth tooth crown tooth crown of molar tooth UBERON:0003955 molar crown The part of a molar that is covered by enamel. MP:0003932 EMAPA:37910 MA:th crown of molar tooth FMA:85301 molar tooth crown FMA:85301 molar tooth tooth crown OBOL:automatic tooth crown of molar tooth OBOL:automatic The lymph nodes located outside the thoracic and abdominal cavities, such as the submandibular, prescapular, axillary, inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes. EMAPA:37938 UBERON:0003968 peripheral lymph node The lymph nodes located outside the thoracic and abdominal cavities, such as the submandibular, prescapular, axillary, inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes. MP:0008463 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/4 EMAPA:37938 MA:th One of the two jaw ridges either on the roof of the mouth between the upper teeth and the hard palate or on the bottom of the mouth behind the lower teeth[WP]. The alveolar ridges contain the sockets (alveoli) of the teeth[HP]. in BTO, this is part of an embryo BTO:0001383 EMAPA:35118 FMA:313923 GAID:215 MA:0003119 MESH:D000539 NCIT:C89749 SCTID:245790000 UMLS:C0447411 Wikipedia:Alveolar_ridge alveolar body alveolar bone alveolar margin alveolar process margo alveolaris UBERON:0004103 alveolar ridge One of the two jaw ridges either on the roof of the mouth between the upper teeth and the hard palate or on the bottom of the mouth behind the lower teeth[WP]. The alveolar ridges contain the sockets (alveoli) of the teeth[HP]. HP:0006477 Wikipedia:Alveolar_ridge in BTO, this is part of an embryo BTO UMLS:C0447411 ncithesaurus:Alveolar_Ridge alveolar body MP:0004189 alveolar bone MP:0004189 margo alveolaris Any tube, opening or passage that connects two distinct anatomical spaces. FMA has both conduit and conduit space. In EHDAA2 this is a surface feature AEO:0000080 EHDAA2:0003080 FMA:242873 SCTID:346902003 Wikipedia:Foramen foramen foramina opening ostia ostium UBERON:0004111 anatomical conduit Any tube, opening or passage that connects two distinct anatomical spaces. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 FMA has both conduit and conduit space. In EHDAA2 this is a surface feature FMA foramen EHDAA2:0003080 foramina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ostia An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm. Grouping term for query purposes mesodermal derivative UBERON:0004120 mesoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 mesodermal derivative FBbt:00025998 An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. Grouping term for query purposes ectodermal deriviative UBERON:0004121 ectoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ectodermal deriviative FBbt:00025990 Any collection of muscles that is part of a face. originally created to reflect the distinction drawn in FMA between a facial muscle and the entire musculature of the face. However, naming both does not serve any particular purpose FMA:71288 entire facial musculature facial muscles muscle group of face musculi faciei set of facial muscles set of muscles of face UBERON:0004473 musculature of face Any collection of muscles that is part of a face. OBOL:automatic entire facial musculature https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 facial muscles FMA:71288 muscle group of face FMA:71288 musculi faciei FMA:71288 FMA:TA set of facial muscles FMA:71288 set of muscles of face FMA:71288 The thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets on the maxilla. In humans, the tooth-bearing bones are the maxilla and the mandible. The mineral content of alveolar bone is mostly hydroxyapatite, which is also found in enamel as the main inorganic substance UBERON:0001696 AAO:0000396 FMA:52897 MA:0001492 SCTID:245795005 Wikipedia:Alveolar_process alveolar margin of maxilla alveolar part of maxilla alveolar process of maxilla alveolar ridge of maxilla lower alveolar ridge maxilla alveolar process pars dentalis of maxilla posterior alveolar ridge processus alveolaris (maxilla) processus alveolaris maxillae UBERON:0004527 alveolar process of maxilla http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Gray157.png The thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets on the maxilla. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 In humans, the tooth-bearing bones are the maxilla and the mandible. The mineral content of alveolar bone is mostly hydroxyapatite, which is also found in enamel as the main inorganic substance WP pars dentalis of maxilla AAO:0000396 processus alveolaris maxillae FMA:52897 FMA:TA The thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets on the mandible. FMA:52832 SCTID:245791001 Wikipedia:Alveolar_part_of_mandible alveolar margin of mandible alveolar part of mandible alveolar process of mandible anterior alveolar ridge pars alveolaris (mandibula) upper alveolar ridge alveolar arch of mandible pars alveolaris mandibulae UBERON:0004528 alveolar ridge of mandible http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Mandibule.jpg The thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets on the mandible. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 alveolar process of mandible FMA:52832 pars alveolaris (mandibula) FMA:52832 alveolar arch of mandible FMA:52832 pars alveolaris mandibulae Wikipedia:Alveolar_part_of_mandible A projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body or organ. should be declared disjoint from organ, but in some ontologies (e.g. ZFA), structures such as neural spines are classified as bones (and hence organs) Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, or tissue.[AAO] Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, tissue, fin, scale, etc.[TAO] Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, tissue, fin, scale, etc.[VSAO] anatomical process process AAO:0010278 FMA:67601 HAO:0000822 NCIT:C61549 TAO:0001834 VSAO:0000180 Wikipedia:Process_(anatomy) XAO:0004020 galen:Ridge processus projection flange flanges lamella lamellae lamina laminae organ process papilla process of organ processes projection projections ridge ridges shelf shelves anatomical protrusion protrusion spine UBERON:0004529 anatomical projection A projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body or organ. Wikipedia:Process_(anatomy) https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/39 Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, or tissue.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010278 AAO AAO:BJB Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, tissue, fin, scale, etc.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001834 TAO TAO:wd Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, tissue, fin, scale, etc.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000180 VSAO TAO:curator process VSAO:0000180 processus FMA:67601 FMA:TA flange VSAO:0000180 flanges VSAO:0000180 lamella VSAO:0000180 lamellae VSAO:0000180 lamina VSAO:0000180 laminae VSAO:0000180 processes VSAO:0000180 projection VSAO:0000180 projections VSAO:0000180 ridge VSAO:0000180 ridges VSAO:0000180 shelf VSAO:0000180 shelves VSAO:0000180 A keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that is part of a tongue. FMA:74865 MA:0002787 keratinized epithelium of tongue UBERON:0004650 tongue keratinized epithelium A keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that is part of a tongue. OBOL:automatic keratinized epithelium of tongue FMA:74865 Articular part of the mandible bone. BTO:0001750 EMAPA:36572 FMA:52836 GAID:219 MA:0002816 MESH:D008335 MFMO:0000056 Wikipedia:Condyloid_process condylar process of mandible condyle of the mandible mandibular condyle processus condylaris processus condylaris mandibulae condyle of mandible condyle of the mandible condyloid process mandibular condyloid process UBERON:0004657 mandible condylar process http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Processuscondylarismandibulae.PNG Articular part of the mandible bone. MFMO:0000056 condylar process of mandible FMA:52836 condyle of the mandible MFMO:0000056 mandibular condyle BTO:0001750 processus condylaris FMA:52836 processus condylaris mandibulae FMA:52836 FMA:TA condyle of mandible Wikipedia:Condyloid_process condyle of the mandible Wikipedia:Condyloid_process condyloid process Wikipedia:Condyloid_process mandibular condyloid process MA:0002816 FMA:59331 MA:0002817 SCTID:51354009 head of mandible mandibular head UBERON:0004658 mandible head head of mandible FMA:59331 mandibular head FMA:59331 FMA:59332 MA:0002818 SCTID:368875004 mandibular neck neck of mandible UBERON:0004659 mandible neck mandibular neck FMA:59332 neck of mandible FMA:59332 A dorsal process on the lower jaw associated with muscle attachment. It may be formed by a separate coronoid bone or as a process of the dentary. In most living (and many extinct) mammals, the most dorsal of the three proximal processes of the jaw. TAO:0001673 coronoid process, a bony projection on dentary coronoid FMA:52833 MA:0002819 SCTID:244691004 Wikipedia:Coronoid_process_of_the_mandible coronoid process of mandible processus coronoideus (mandibula) mandibular coronoid process processus coronoideus mandibulae UBERON:0004660 mandible coronoid process http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Processuscoronoideusmandibulae.PNG A dorsal process on the lower jaw associated with muscle attachment. It may be formed by a separate coronoid bone or as a process of the dentary. In most living (and many extinct) mammals, the most dorsal of the three proximal processes of the jaw. Wikipedia:Coronoid_process_of_the_mandible http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryCh.html#Coronoid%20process TAO:0001673 coronoid process, a bony projection on dentary TAO coronoid AAO:0000103 coronoid process of mandible FMA:52833 processus coronoideus (mandibula) FMA:52833 mandibular coronoid process MA:0002819 processus coronoideus mandibulae Wikipedia:Coronoid_process_of_the_mandible FMA:59484 MA:0002820 crista temporalis (mandibulae) crista temporalis mandibulae temporal crest of mandible mandibular temporal crest UBERON:0004661 mandible temporal crest crista temporalis (mandibulae) FMA:59484 crista temporalis mandibulae FMA:59484 FMA:TA temporal crest of mandible FMA:59484 mandibular temporal crest FMA:59484 The deep cervical lymph nodes are a group of cervical lymph nodes found near the internal jugular vein. They can be divided into upper and lower groups, or superior and inferior groups. Alternatively, they can be divided into deep anterior cervical lymph nodes and deep lateral cervical lymph nodes. They can also be divided into three groups: superior deep jugular, middle deep jugular, and 'inferior deep jugular'. EMAPA:37510 MA:0002885 NCIT:C32431 SCTID:279145002 UMLS:C0458298 Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_lymph_nodes lower jugular nodes middle jugular nodes upper jugular nodes UBERON:0004722 deep cervical lymph node http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Illu_lymph_chain02.jpg The deep cervical lymph nodes are a group of cervical lymph nodes found near the internal jugular vein. They can be divided into upper and lower groups, or superior and inferior groups. Alternatively, they can be divided into deep anterior cervical lymph nodes and deep lateral cervical lymph nodes. They can also be divided into three groups: superior deep jugular, middle deep jugular, and 'inferior deep jugular'. Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_lymph_nodes EMAPA:37510 MA:th UMLS:C0458298 ncithesaurus:Deep_Cervical_Lymph_Node lower jugular nodes Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_lymph_nodes middle jugular nodes Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_lymph_nodes upper jugular nodes Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_lymph_nodes The dentary is a dermal bone that forms the antero-lateral part of the lower jaw in fishes and amphibians, extending to the whole lower jaw in mammals[VHOG,modified]. Dermal bone that is usually the anteriormost bone of the lower jaw, and that articulates with the angular, or anguloarticular bone, posteriorly, and carries part of the mandibular sensory canal and pore openings of the mandibular sensory canal on its lateral surface. The dentary is a paired bone.[TAO] Ossified element of intramembranous origin that invests the lateral margin of Meckel's cartilage thereby forming the lateral side of the mandible in anurans and salamanders (Duellman & Trueb, 1994:293). In caecilians, the dentary is part of a compound bone termed the pseudodentary.[AAO] The dentary is a dermal bone that forms the antero-lateral part of the lower jaw in fishes and amphibians. In mammals the lower jaw consists entirely of the dentary bone. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Grande_L, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF, ZFA:0000191_and_Liem_KF, p.248][VHOG] relationship loss: overlaps dentary-anguloarticular joint (TAO:0001749)[TAO] Of all these bones [dentary, splenials, coronoids, angular, surangular and prearticular], only the dentary remains in the lower jaw of a mammal.[well established][VHOG] In lobe-finned fishes and the early fossil tetrapods, the bone homologous to the mandible of mammals is merely the largest of several bones in the lower jaw. In such animals, it is referred to as the dentary bone, and forms the body of the outer surface of the jaw. It is bordered below by a number of splenial bones, while the angle of the jaw is formed by a lower angular bone and a suprangular bone just above it. The inner surface of the jaw is lined by a prearticular bone, while the articular bone forms the articulation with the skull proper. Finally a set of three narrow coronoid bones lie above the prearticular bone. As the name implies, the majority of the teeth are attached to the dentary, but there are commonly also teeth on the coronoid bones, and sometimes on the prearticular as well. This complex primitive pattern has, however, been simplified to various degrees in the great majority of vertebrates, as bones have either fused or vanished entirely. In teleosts, only the dentary, articular, and angular bones remain, while in living amphibians, the dentary is accompanied only by the prearticular, and, in salamanders, one of the coronoids. The lower jaw of reptiles has only a single coronoid and splenial, but retains all the other primitive bones except the prearticular. AAO:0000124 EFO:0003508 TAO:0000191 VHOG:0001022 ZFA:0000191 http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/dermal/images/Dentary1.gif dentaries dentary bone dentale os dentale sur-angulaire UBERON:0004742 dentary The dentary is a dermal bone that forms the antero-lateral part of the lower jaw in fishes and amphibians, extending to the whole lower jaw in mammals[VHOG,modified]. VHOG:0001022 Dermal bone that is usually the anteriormost bone of the lower jaw, and that articulates with the angular, or anguloarticular bone, posteriorly, and carries part of the mandibular sensory canal and pore openings of the mandibular sensory canal on its lateral surface. The dentary is a paired bone.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000191 TAO TAO:GA_TG Ossified element of intramembranous origin that invests the lateral margin of Meckel's cartilage thereby forming the lateral side of the mandible in anurans and salamanders (Duellman & Trueb, 1994:293). In caecilians, the dentary is part of a compound bone termed the pseudodentary.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000124 AAO AAO:LAP The dentary is a dermal bone that forms the antero-lateral part of the lower jaw in fishes and amphibians. In mammals the lower jaw consists entirely of the dentary bone. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Grande_L, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF, ZFA:0000191_and_Liem_KF, p.248][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001022 VHOG http://bgee.unil.ch/ relationship loss: overlaps dentary-anguloarticular joint (TAO:0001749)[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000191 TAO Of all these bones [dentary, splenials, coronoids, angular, surangular and prearticular], only the dentary remains in the lower jaw of a mammal.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001022 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.248 http://bgee.unil.ch/ dentaries TAO:0000191 dentary bone ZFA:0000191 dentale AAO:0000124 os dentale AAO:0000124 sur-angulaire AAO:0000124 A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO]. A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO] EMAPA:37744 MA:0003047 SCTID:309311006 VSAO:0000015 XAO:0004038 ZFA:0005619 UBERON:0004755 Four classes of mineralized tissues are found in vertebrates: bone, cartilage, dentine, and enamel. We think of cartilage and bone as skeletal tissues and of enamel and dentine as dental tissues, but enamel and dentine arose evolutionarily together with bone as skeletal tissues in the dermal skeleton (exoskeleton) of early vertebrates. Scales and teeth of sharks are examples of dermal skeletal elements that are still composed of the three ancient components-enamel, dentine, and bone. Cartilage, on the other hand, provided the basis for the second vertebrate skeletal system, the endoskeleton (Smith and Hall, 1990; Hall, 1998a,b). some invertebrate skeletal tissues have surprisingly bone-like features. Examples include chondrocytes interconnected by cell processes in cephalopod cartilages (Cole and Hall, 2004a,b), and the calcium phosphate layer in the shells of brachiopods (Rodland et al., 2003). However, neither bone nor mineralized cartilage have been found in invertebrates. Editors notes: TODO - develops_from skeletal tissue A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO]. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000015 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/134 A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000015 taken from version of VSAO used in TAO and used directly in Uberon VSAO GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 PSPUB:0000170 EMAPA:37744 MA:th Dermis-derived entity that is made of skeletal tissue. dermal element UBERON:0004756 dermal skeletal element Dermis-derived entity that is made of skeletal tissue. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/206 dermal element VSAO:curator Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles. Organ entity that is typically involved in mechanical support and may have different skeletal tissue compositions at different stages.[VSAO] Organ entity that may have different tissue compositions at different stages and is typically involved in mechanical support.[TAO] AAO:0011129 TAO:0001890 VSAO:0000128 XAO:0004012 ZFA:0005494 galen:SkeletalStructure UBERON:0004765 skeletal element Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Organ entity that is typically involved in mechanical support and may have different skeletal tissue compositions at different stages.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000128 VSAO PSPUB:0000170 Organ entity that may have different tissue compositions at different stages and is typically involved in mechanical support.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001890 TAO TAO:VSAO_workshop Any bone that is part of the lower jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the dentary/mandible, the articular, the splenial, the suprangular. Do not manually classify under here - bones are automatically classified lower jaw bone UBERON:0004768 bone of lower jaw Any bone that is part of the lower jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the dentary/mandible, the articular, the splenial, the suprangular. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A group of nodes lying along the external jugular vein; they drain the skin and superficial structures over the region of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and anterior cervical regions. Efferent vessels drain to the deep cervical lymph nodes. Lymph nodes can be further subdivided into anterior and lateral groupings. EMAPA:37725 MA:0002886 NCIT:C33659 SCTID:279144003 UMLS:C0458297 Wikipedia:Superficial_cervical_lymph_nodes nodi lymphoidei cervicales prescapular lymph node UBERON:0004870 superficial cervical lymph node http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Illu_quiz_hn_03.jpg A group of nodes lying along the external jugular vein; they drain the skin and superficial structures over the region of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and anterior cervical regions. Efferent vessels drain to the deep cervical lymph nodes. Lymph nodes can be further subdivided into anterior and lateral groupings. CL:tm Wikipedia:Superficial_cervical_lymph_nodes https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/5 ref:Stedmans PMID:16624319 EMAPA:37725 MA:th UMLS:C0458297 ncithesaurus:Superficial_Cervical_Lymph_Node nodi lymphoidei cervicales Wikipedia:Superficial_cervical_lymph_nodes prescapular lymph node CL:tm Anatomical structure that connects two or more adjacent skeletal elements or hardened body parts. FBbt:00005811 joint UBERON:0004905 articulation Anatomical structure that connects two or more adjacent skeletal elements or hardened body parts. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 FBbt:00005811 A proximal-distal subdivision of the digestive tract. intended to denote both embryonic and adult structures. Note the FMA grouping here is not quite correct. FBbt:00100315 FMA:71131 alimentary system subdivision gut section intestinal tract segment of intestinal tract subdivision of alimentary system UBERON:0004921 subdivision of digestive tract A proximal-distal subdivision of the digestive tract. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 FBbt:00100315 alimentary system subdivision FMA:71131 gut section FBbt:00100315 subdivision of alimentary system FMA:71131 A part of a wall of an organ that forms a layer. FMA:82485 UBERON:0004923 organ component layer A part of a wall of an organ that forms a layer. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A mucosa that is part of a palate [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:59765 mucosa of oral roof mucosa of organ of oral roof mucosa of organ of palate mucosa of organ of roof of mouth mucosa of roof of mouth mucous membrane of oral roof mucous membrane of palate mucous membrane of roof of mouth oral roof mucosa oral roof mucosa of organ oral roof mucous membrane oral roof organ mucosa organ mucosa of oral roof organ mucosa of palate organ mucosa of roof of mouth palate mucosa palate mucosa of organ palate mucous membrane palate organ mucosa roof of mouth mucosa roof of mouth mucosa of organ roof of mouth mucous membrane roof of mouth organ mucosa UBERON:0005019 mucosa of palate A mucosa that is part of a palate [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic mucosa of oral roof OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of oral roof OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of palate OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of roof of mouth OBOL:automatic mucosa of roof of mouth OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of oral roof OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of palate OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of roof of mouth OBOL:automatic oral roof mucosa OBOL:automatic oral roof mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic oral roof mucous membrane OBOL:automatic oral roof organ mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of oral roof OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of palate OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of roof of mouth OBOL:automatic palate mucosa OBOL:automatic palate mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic palate mucous membrane OBOL:automatic palate organ mucosa OBOL:automatic roof of mouth mucosa OBOL:automatic roof of mouth mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic roof of mouth mucous membrane OBOL:automatic roof of mouth organ mucosa OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a tongue [Automatically generated definition]. EFO:0002553 FMA:54807 SCTID:362092002 lingual mucosa mucosa of organ of tongue mucous membrane of tongue organ mucosa of tongue tongue mucosa tongue mucosa of organ tongue mucous membrane tongue organ mucosa tunica mucosa linguae UBERON:0005020 mucosa of tongue A mucosa that is part of a tongue [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic lingual mucosa FMA:54807 mucosa of organ of tongue OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of tongue OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of tongue OBOL:automatic tongue mucosa OBOL:automatic tongue mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic tongue mucous membrane OBOL:automatic tongue organ mucosa OBOL:automatic tunica mucosa linguae FMA:54807 FMA:TA A mucosa that is part of a upper lip [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:59832 NCIT:C12224 SCTID:362088009 UMLS:C0226933 mucosa of organ of upper lip mucous membrane of upper lip organ mucosa of upper lip upper labial mucosa upper lip mucosa upper lip mucosa of organ upper lip mucous membrane upper lip organ mucosa UBERON:0005031 mucosa of upper lip A mucosa that is part of a upper lip [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic UMLS:C0226933 ncithesaurus:Mucosa_of_the_Upper_Lip mucosa of organ of upper lip OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of upper lip OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of upper lip OBOL:automatic upper labial mucosa UBERON:cjm upper lip mucosa OBOL:automatic upper lip mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic upper lip mucous membrane OBOL:automatic upper lip organ mucosa OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a lower lip [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:59833 NCIT:C12225 SCTID:362089001 UMLS:C0226939 lower labial mucosa lower lip mucosa lower lip mucosa of organ lower lip mucous membrane lower lip organ mucosa mucosa of organ of lower lip mucous membrane of lower lip organ mucosa of lower lip UBERON:0005032 mucosa of lower lip A mucosa that is part of a lower lip [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic UMLS:C0226939 ncithesaurus:Mucosa_of_the_Lower_Lip lower labial mucosa UBERON:cjm lower lip mucosa OBOL:automatic lower lip mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic lower lip mucous membrane OBOL:automatic lower lip organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of lower lip OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of lower lip OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of lower lip OBOL:automatic An organ that is part of a immune system [Automatically generated definition]. immune system organ UBERON:0005057 immune organ An organ that is part of a immune system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO]. in some organisms such as drosophila, muscles can be single cells. This class groups together all discrete muscle elements, from multicellular muscle organs in vertebrates, to individual single-cell muscles in drisophila FMA:30316 musculus muscle muscle element UBERON:0005090 muscle structure Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO]. GO:0061061 musculus FMA:30316 Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone, usually for passage of blood vessels or nerves. in FMA and ZFA this is a conduit space, not a conduit. Note there may be some additional disambiguation required: foramen is used loosely in the sense of any opening (e.g. foramen primum). FMA appears to use cranial conduit (undefined) in the sense of any foramen of the skull (includes mental foramen, which is not in the cranium proper). foramen AAO:0010438 TAO:0001736 VHOG:0001760 ZFA:0005386 UBERON:0005744 bone foramen http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gray193.png Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone, usually for passage of blood vessels or nerves. TAO:curator in FMA and ZFA this is a conduit space, not a conduit. Note there may be some additional disambiguation required: foramen is used loosely in the sense of any opening (e.g. foramen primum). FMA appears to use cranial conduit (undefined) in the sense of any foramen of the skull (includes mental foramen, which is not in the cranium proper). FMA foramen ZFA:0005386 A round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth on an anatomical surface, such as bones, skin, or within the lungs (in the case of tuberculosis). They are also found on the leading edge of Humpback Whale's flippers, improving fluid flow over the flipper's surface[WP]. AAO:0010605 BTO:0002173 FMA:75429 Wikipedia:Tubercle_(anatomy) tuber UBERON:0005813 tubercle A round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth on an anatomical surface, such as bones, skin, or within the lungs (in the case of tuberculosis). They are also found on the leading edge of Humpback Whale's flippers, improving fluid flow over the flipper's surface[WP]. Wikipedia:Tubercle_(anatomy) A thick, horizontal process of the maxilla. It forms the anterior three quarters of the hard palate, the horizontal plate of the palatine bone making up the rest. Lingual ledge on the inner surface of the maxilla. AAO:0000413 EMAPA:37932 FMA:52896 SCTID:368870009 Wikipedia:Palatine_process_of_maxilla pars palatina of maxilla processus palatinus (maxilla) lamina horizontalis palatal process palatine process processus palatinus maxillae processus palatinus ossis maxillae UBERON:0005871 palatine process of maxilla http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Gray160.png A thick, horizontal process of the maxilla. It forms the anterior three quarters of the hard palate, the horizontal plate of the palatine bone making up the rest. Wikipedia:Palatine_process_of_maxilla Lingual ledge on the inner surface of the maxilla. AAO:0000413, AAO:LAP EMAPA:37932 MA:th pars palatina of maxilla AAO:0000413 processus palatinus (maxilla) FMA:52896 lamina horizontalis AAO:0000413 palatal process Wikipedia:Palatine_process_of_maxilla palatine process Wikipedia:Palatine_process_of_maxilla processus palatinus maxillae Wikipedia:Palatine_process_of_maxilla processus palatinus ossis maxillae Wikipedia:Palatine_process_of_maxilla FMA:10483 bone organ zone UBERON:0005913 zone of bone organ bone organ zone FMA:10483 Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not. fluid BIRNLEX:20 EMAPA:37441 FMA:280556 GAID:266 MESH:D001826 Wikipedia:Body_fluid galen:BodyFluid body fluid UBERON:0006314 bodily fluid Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not. MESH:A12.207 Wikipedia:Body_fluid EMAPA:37441 MA:th body fluid GAID:266 A raised area of the biting surface of a tooth. this class may be obsoleted and split - the TAO class is generic, the mammalian class refers specifically to a molariform tooth Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, prominence, or point that is part of the surface of a tooth.[TAO] the elevated, somewhat pointed portions of the chewing surfaces on premolar and molar teeth cusp FMA:56481 NCIT:C94568 SCTID:362107000 TAO:0001973 UMLS:C0226994 ZFA:0005434 tooth cusp tooth cone UBERON:0006844 cusp of tooth A raised area of the biting surface of a tooth. ncithesaurus:Tooth_Cusp Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, prominence, or point that is part of the surface of a tooth.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001973 TAO TAO:wd the elevated, somewhat pointed portions of the chewing surfaces on premolar and molar teeth 2012-09-28 http://anthro.palomar.edu/primate/glossary.htm UMLS:C0226994 ncithesaurus:Tooth_Cusp tooth cusp FMA:56481 tooth cone ISBN:0073040584 A vasculature that is part of a organ. FMA:74612 organ vasculature set of blood vessels of organ UBERON:0006876 vasculature of organ A vasculature that is part of a organ. OBOL:automatic organ vasculature FMA:74612 set of blood vessels of organ FMA:74612 An epithelium characterised by its most superficial layer consisting of squamous epithelial cells. FBbt:00007028 (squamous epithelium) A type of epithelium that is made up of flattened cells which are arranged with their long axes in the plane of the epithelium BTO:0002072 NCIT:C12848 SCTID:40118003 UMLS:C0221909 Wikipedia:Squamous_epithelium UBERON:0006914 squamous epithelium An epithelium characterised by its most superficial layer consisting of squamous epithelial cells. Wikipedia:Squamous_epithelium FBbt:00007028 (squamous epithelium) A type of epithelium that is made up of flattened cells which are arranged with their long axes in the plane of the epithelium FBbt UMLS:C0221909 ncithesaurus:Squamous_Epithelium Multilaminar epithelium which consists of more than one layer of squamous cells only one layer of which is in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, epithelium of wall of esophagus.[FMA]. FMA:45563 NCIT:C13180 UMLS:C0836131 Wikipedia:Stratified_squamous_epithelium epithelium stratificatum squamosum UBERON:0006915 stratified squamous epithelium Multilaminar epithelium which consists of more than one layer of squamous cells only one layer of which is in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, epithelium of wall of esophagus.[FMA]. FMA:45563 Wikipedia:Stratified_squamous_epithelium UMLS:C0836131 ncithesaurus:Stratified_Squamous_Epithelium epithelium stratificatum squamosum FMA:45563 A non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that is part of a tongue. FMA:62130 UBERON:0006916 non-keratinized epithelium of tongue A non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that is part of a tongue. OBOL:automatic A squamous epithelium that is part of a tongue. this is a singleton subclass of tongue epithelium in MA MA:0002786 squamous epithelium of tongue UBERON:0006919 tongue squamous epithelium A squamous epithelium that is part of a tongue. OBOL:automatic this is a singleton subclass of tongue epithelium in MA MA squamous epithelium of tongue OBOL:automatic The inner lining of the cheeks and lips. BTO:0003833 CALOHA:TS-2349 FMA:59785 NCIT:C12505 SCTID:16811007 UMLS:C1578559 UBERON:0006956 buccal mucosa https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-female/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-f-mouth.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-male/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-m-mouth.glb The inner lining of the cheeks and lips. http://www.medterms.com/ UMLS:C1578559 ncithesaurus:Buccal_Mucosa One of the first set of teeth in the growth development of humans and many other mammals[WP]. FMA:55655 GAID:1266 MESH:D014094 NCIT:C33745 SCTID:245612004 UMLS:C0040455 Wikipedia:Deciduous_teeth primary tooth temporary tooth dentes decidui UBERON:0007115 GAT in FMA. deciduous tooth http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Deciduous_teeth_by_David_Shankbone.jpg One of the first set of teeth in the growth development of humans and many other mammals[WP]. Wikipedia:Deciduous_teeth UMLS:C0040455 ncithesaurus:Temporary_Tooth primary tooth FMA:55655 temporary tooth FMA:55655 dentes decidui Wikipedia:Deciduous_teeth The set of teeth first in order or time of development that will be replaced by permanent dentition upon their loss. FMA:75151 GAID:1252 MESH:D014094 baby teeth deciduous teeth dentes decidui milk teeth primary teeth set of deciduous teeth set of primary teeth tooth of primary dentition deciduous dentition UBERON:0007116 primary dentition The set of teeth first in order or time of development that will be replaced by permanent dentition upon their loss. MESH:A14.254.245 baby teeth FMA:75151 deciduous teeth FMA:75151 dentes decidui FMA:75151 FMA:TA milk teeth FMA:75151 primary teeth FMA:75151 GAID:1266 set of deciduous teeth FMA:75151 set of primary teeth FMA:75151 deciduous dentition GAID:1252 The premolar teeth or bicuspids are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth. In humans, there are two premolars per quadrant, making eight premolars total in the mouth. They have at least two cusps. Premolars can be considered as a 'transitional tooth' during chewing, or mastication. It has properties of both the anterior canines and posterior molars, and so food can be transferred from the canines to the premolars and finally to the molars for grinding, instead of directly from the canines to the molars. The premolars in humans are the maxillary first premolar, maxillary second premolar, mandibular first premolar, and the mandibular second premolar. There is always one large buccal cusp, especially so in the mandibular first premolar. The lower second premolar almost always presents with two lingual cusps. Premolar teeth by definition are permanent teeth distal to the canines preceded by deciduous molars. In primitive mammals there are four premolars per quadrant. The most mesial two have been lost in Catarrhines. Paleontologists refer to human premolars as Pm3 and Pm4 FMA:55637 GAID:1261 MESH:D001641 NCIT:C32201 SCTID:304572005 UMLS:C1704302 Wikipedia:Premolar secondary premolar tooth bicuspid bicuspid teeth bicuspid tooth bicuspids biscuspid dens premolaris dentes premolares mandibular bicuspid maxillary bicuspid maxillary premolar pm3 (dentistry) praemolares premolar premolar teeth premolar tooth premolars præmolares UBERON:0007120 premolar tooth http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Gray1003.png true The premolar teeth or bicuspids are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth. Wikipedia:Premolar Although there are a few exceptions, the dental formula for the great majority of cricetids is 1.0.0.3 Wikipedia:Cricetidae UMLS:C1704302 ncithesaurus:Bicuspid_Tooth secondary premolar tooth FMA:55637 bicuspid Wikipedia:Premolar bicuspid teeth Wikipedia:Premolar bicuspid tooth Wikipedia:Premolar bicuspids Wikipedia:Premolar biscuspid Wikipedia:Premolar dens premolaris Wikipedia:Premolar dentes premolares Wikipedia:Premolar mandibular bicuspid Wikipedia:Premolar maxillary bicuspid Wikipedia:Premolar maxillary premolar Wikipedia:Premolar pm3 (dentistry) Wikipedia:Premolar praemolares Wikipedia:Premolar premolar Wikipedia:Premolar premolar teeth Wikipedia:Premolar premolar tooth Wikipedia:Premolar premolars Wikipedia:Premolar præmolares Wikipedia:Premolar A thin, loose vascular connective tissue that makes up the membranes surrounding joints and the sheaths protecting tendons (particularly flexor tendons in the hands and feet) where they pass over bony prominences. Synovial tissue contains synovial cells, which secrete a viscous liquid called synovial fluid; this liquid contains protein and hyaluronic acid and serves as a lubricant and nutrient for the joint cartilage surfaces[BTO]. Synovial tissue can be found in tendons (tissues that connect muscle to bone), bursae (fluid-filled, cushioning sacs found in spaces between tendons, ligaments, and bones), and the cavity (hollow enclosed area) that separates the bones of a freely movable joint, such as the knee or elbow[BTO]. BTO:0001338 CALOHA:TS-0998 FMA:66762 synovium stratum synoviale synovial layer synovial membrane synovial tissue UBERON:0007616 layer of synovial tissue A thin, loose vascular connective tissue that makes up the membranes surrounding joints and the sheaths protecting tendons (particularly flexor tendons in the hands and feet) where they pass over bony prominences. Synovial tissue contains synovial cells, which secrete a viscous liquid called synovial fluid; this liquid contains protein and hyaluronic acid and serves as a lubricant and nutrient for the joint cartilage surfaces[BTO]. Synovial tissue can be found in tendons (tissues that connect muscle to bone), bursae (fluid-filled, cushioning sacs found in spaces between tendons, ligaments, and bones), and the cavity (hollow enclosed area) that separates the bones of a freely movable joint, such as the knee or elbow[BTO]. BTO:0001338 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/578563/synovial-tissue synovium CALOHA:TS-0998 stratum synoviale FMA:TA synovial layer FMA:66762 synovial membrane FMA:66762 synovial tissue BTO:0001338 An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a synovial joint. FMA:11356 articular cavity (synovial joint) cavitas articularis (junctura synovialis) cavity of synovial joint joint cavity synovial cavity UBERON:0007617 synovial cavity of joint An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a synovial joint. OBOL:automatic articular cavity (synovial joint) FMA:11356 cavitas articularis (junctura synovialis) FMA:11356 cavity of synovial joint FMA:11356 joint cavity FMA:11356 synovial cavity FMA:11356 An anatomical structure that connects two structures. junction FMA:5898 SCTID:91833003 anatomical junction UBERON:0007651 anatomical junction An anatomical structure that connects two structures. http://code.google.com/p/caro2/issues/detail?id=15 The teeth of adulthood that either replace or are added to the complement of deciduous teeth. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed). FMA:75152 GAID:1251 MESH:D019229 dentes permanentes permanent dentition permanent teeth set of permanent teeth set of secondary teeth adult dentition secondary dentition UBERON:0007774 secondary dentition The teeth of adulthood that either replace or are added to the complement of deciduous teeth. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed). MESH:A14.254.237 dentes permanentes FMA:75152 FMA:TA permanent dentition GAID:1251 permanent teeth FMA:75152 set of permanent teeth FMA:75152 set of secondary teeth FMA:75152 adult dentition GAID:1251 secondary dentition GAID:1251 A tooth that forms after a primary tooth. FMA:55654 NCIT:C33313 SCTID:245563006 UMLS:C0348070 Wikipedia:Permanent_teeth permanent tooth dentes permanentes UBERON:0007775 GAT in FMA secondary tooth http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Teeth_by_David_Shankbone.jpg A tooth that forms after a primary tooth. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 UMLS:C0348070 ncithesaurus:Permanent_Tooth permanent tooth FMA:55654 dentes permanentes Wikipedia:Permanent_teeth Any bodily fluid that has passed through a membrane such as the capillary wall, as a result of unbalanced hydrostatic and osmotic forces. transudative characteristically low in protein and cellular content (unless there has been secondary concentration) FMA:12276 GAID:1195 MESH:D005122 ncithesaurus:Transudate plasma ultrafiltrate UBERON:0007779 transudate Any bodily fluid that has passed through a membrane such as the capillary wall, as a result of unbalanced hydrostatic and osmotic forces. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/transudate Any fluid produced by a serous gland. serous fluid Wikipedia:Serous_fluid serosal fluid serous gland fluid UBERON:0007794 secretion of serous gland Any fluid produced by a serous gland. UBERON:cjm serosal fluid Wikipedia:Serous_fluid Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification. Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification.[VSAO] Intramembranous bone that forms deep in the organism.[TAO] AEO:0000085 EHDAA2:0003085 TAO:0001645 VSAO:0000023 XAO:0004014 ZFA:0001636 membrane bones UBERON:0007842 membrane bone Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:0000023 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/267 Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000023 VSAO GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 PSPUB:0000170 Intramembranous bone that forms deep in the organism.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001645 TAO TAO:wd membrane bones ZFA:0001636 Skeletal element that is composed of cartilage tissue and may be permanent or transient. TAO still mixes tissue and element AAO:0011130 CALOHA:TS-0118 FMA:55107 VSAO:0000000 XAO:0004013 ZFA:0001501 cartilage organ cartilaginous element chondrogenic element cartilage UBERON:0007844 cartilage element Skeletal element that is composed of cartilage tissue and may be permanent or transient. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000000 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 TAO still mixes tissue and element TAO cartilage organ FMA:55107 cartilaginous element https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 chondrogenic element VSAO:0000000 cartilage VSAO:0000000 Connective tissue, which consists of fibroblasts, the intercellular matrix of which contains a regular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: bone (tissue), cartilage (tissue), dense regular connective tissue. the connective tissue hierarchy largely follows FMA with definitions from VSAO. Note that in FMA, loose-CT is irregular-CT. This means regular-CT is necessarily equivalent to dense-regular-CT (assuming a JEPD classification). FMA:20103 UBERON:0007845 regular connective tissue Connective tissue, which consists of fibroblasts, the intercellular matrix of which contains a regular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: bone (tissue), cartilage (tissue), dense regular connective tissue. FMA:20103 Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts). Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts).[VSAO] Regular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which consists predominantly of collagen fiber bundles arranged in parallel arrays.[FMA] FMA:64781 NCIT:C33453 SCTID:22560007 UMLS:C0225333 VSAO:0000050 Wikipedia:Dense_regular_connective_tissue XAO:0004030 dense fibrous connective tissue dense regular collagenous connective tissue dense regular collagenous tissue regular dense connective tissue typus regularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus) UBERON:0007846 dense regular connective tissue Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts). GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000050 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts).[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000050 VSAO GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 PSPUB:0000170 Regular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which consists predominantly of collagen fiber bundles arranged in parallel arrays.[FMA] 2012-08-29 FMA:64781 FMA UMLS:C0225333 ncithesaurus:Regular_Dense_Connective_Tissue dense fibrous connective tissue FMA:64781 dense regular collagenous connective tissue FMA:64781 dense regular collagenous tissue FMA:64781 typus regularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus) FMA:64781 A bone that is part of a craniocervical region. EMAPA:37245 MA:0000569 head or neck bone cranial bone UBERON:0007914 bone of craniocervical region A bone that is part of a craniocervical region. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37245 MA:th head or neck bone MA:0000569 The irregular bones are bones which, from their peculiar form, cannot be grouped as long bone, short bone, flat bone or sesamoid bone. Irregular bones serve various purposes in the body, such as protection of nervous tissue, affording multiple anchor points for skeletal muscle attachment (as with the sacrum), and maintaining pharynx and trachea support, and tongue attachment (such as the hyoid bone). They consist of cancellous tissue enclosed within a thin layer of compact bone. The irregular bones are: the vertebrC&, sacrum, coccyx, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, inferior nasal concha, and hyoid. FMA:7477 NCIT:C32881 SCTID:421560006 UMLS:C0502414 Wikipedia:Irregular_bone os irregulare os irregulare UBERON:0008001 irregular bone The irregular bones are bones which, from their peculiar form, cannot be grouped as long bone, short bone, flat bone or sesamoid bone. Irregular bones serve various purposes in the body, such as protection of nervous tissue, affording multiple anchor points for skeletal muscle attachment (as with the sacrum), and maintaining pharynx and trachea support, and tongue attachment (such as the hyoid bone). They consist of cancellous tissue enclosed within a thin layer of compact bone. The irregular bones are: the vertebrC&, sacrum, coccyx, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, inferior nasal concha, and hyoid. Wikipedia:Irregular_bone UMLS:C0502414 ncithesaurus:Irregular_Bone os irregulare Wikipedia:Irregular_bone A bone that is hollow or contains many air cells, such as the mastoid process of the temporal bone[TMD]. subclasses of this should be checked for taxonomic consistency Skeletal pneumaticity is the presence of air spaces within bones. Skeletal pneumaticity exists only in synapsids and archosaurs. It is generally produced during development by excavation of bone by pneumatic diverticula (air sacs) from an air-filled space such as the lungs or nasal cavity. Pneumatization is highly variable between individuals, and bones not normally pneumatized can become pneumatized in pathological development. Pneumatization occurs in the skulls of mammals, crocodilians and birds among extant groups, as well as extinct archosaurs including the dinosaurs and pterosaurs. Pneumatic spaces include the paranasal sinuses and some of the mastoid cells[WP]. [Wikipedia:Skeletal_pneumaticity] FMA:7478 SCTID:333008005 Wikipedia:Skeletal_pneumaticity galen:PneumaticBone os pneumaticum pneumatic bone hollow bone UBERON:0008193 pneumatized bone A bone that is hollow or contains many air cells, such as the mastoid process of the temporal bone[TMD]. http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=11303 os pneumaticum FMA:7478 pneumatic bone FMA:7478 Musculature system of the pharyngeal and head regions. in MA this is restricted to skeletal muscles EMAPA:37259 MA:0000571 TAO:0000328 ZFA:0000328 head or neck muscle head muscles head or neck muscle UBERON:0008229 craniocervical region musculature Musculature system of the pharyngeal and head regions. ZFA:0000328 ZFA:curator in MA this is restricted to skeletal muscles MA EMAPA:37259 MA:th head or neck muscle MA:0000571 head muscles ZFA:0000328 head or neck muscle MA:0000571 The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the root of a tooth, separating it from and attaching it to the alveolar bone. It extends from the base of the gingival mucosa to the fundus of the bony socket, and its main function is to hold the tooth in its socket[BTO]. The collagen fibers, running from the cementum to the alveolar bone, that suspend a tooth in its socket; they include apical, oblique, horizontal, and alveolar crest fibers, indicating that the orientation of the fibers varies at different levels[http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html]. The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the root of a tooth, separating it from and attaching it to the alveolar bone. It extends from the base of the gingival mucosa to the fundus of the bony socket, and its main function is to hold the tooth in its socket[BTO]. It consist of cells, extracellular compartment of fibers. The cells are fibroblast, epithelial, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, bone and cementum cells. The extracellular compartment consists of collagen fibers bundles embedded in ground substance. The PDL substance has been estimated to be 70% water and is thought to have a significant effect on the tooth's ability to withstand stress loads[WP][BTO:0001020, Wikipedia:Periodontal_fiber, https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/21]. FMA treats periodontium and periodontal ligament as the same; it has a separate class desmodentium, which we place here even though it is classified as fetal in FMA BTO:0001020 CALOHA:TS-0763 EMAPA:35679 FMA:56665 GAID:1259 MA:0002467 MESH:D010513 SCTID:245775004 Wikipedia:Periodontal_fiber fibra periodontalis periodontal fiber periodontal fibre PDL alveolar periosteum alveolodental ligament alveolodental membrane desmodontium odontoperiosteum paradentium peridental membrane peridontal fiber peridontal fibre peridontal ligament peridontal ligament fiber peridontal ligament fibre peridontal membrane peridontium periodontium UBERON:0008266 periodontal ligament https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/The_Periodontium.jpg The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the root of a tooth, separating it from and attaching it to the alveolar bone. It extends from the base of the gingival mucosa to the fundus of the bony socket, and its main function is to hold the tooth in its socket[BTO]. BTO:0001020 Wikipedia:Periodontal_fiber https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1233 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/21 The collagen fibers, running from the cementum to the alveolar bone, that suspend a tooth in its socket; they include apical, oblique, horizontal, and alveolar crest fibers, indicating that the orientation of the fibers varies at different levels[http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html]. http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the root of a tooth, separating it from and attaching it to the alveolar bone. It extends from the base of the gingival mucosa to the fundus of the bony socket, and its main function is to hold the tooth in its socket[BTO]. It consist of cells, extracellular compartment of fibers. The cells are fibroblast, epithelial, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, bone and cementum cells. The extracellular compartment consists of collagen fibers bundles embedded in ground substance. The PDL substance has been estimated to be 70% water and is thought to have a significant effect on the tooth's ability to withstand stress loads[WP][BTO:0001020, Wikipedia:Periodontal_fiber, https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/21]. Wikipedia:Periodontal_fiber FMA treats periodontium and periodontal ligament as the same; it has a separate class desmodentium, which we place here even though it is classified as fetal in FMA FMA MESH:D010513 fibra periodontalis Wikipedia:Periodontal_ligament periodontal fiber Wikipedia:Periodontal_ligament periodontal fibre Wikipedia:Periodontal_ligament PDL Wikipedia:Periodontal_ligament alveolar periosteum BTO:0001020 alveolodental ligament BTO:0001020 alveolodental membrane BTO:0001020 desmodontium BTO:0001020 http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html odontoperiosteum BTO:0001020 paradentium BTO:0001020 peridental membrane BTO:0001020 peridontal fiber http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html peridontal fibre http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html peridontal ligament fiber http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html peridontal ligament fibre http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html peridontal membrane BTO:0001020 peridontium BTO:0001020 periodontium FMA:56665 Main, posterior part of hyoglossus muscle (vs. chondroglossus) arising from the greater horn of the hyoid bone. FMA:46720 ceratoglossus muscle musculus ceratoglossus UBERON:0008428 ceratoglossus Main, posterior part of hyoglossus muscle (vs. chondroglossus) arising from the greater horn of the hyoid bone. http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=56655 ceratoglossus muscle http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=56655 musculus ceratoglossus http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=56655 A muscle of the tongue that consists of a thin stratum of oblique and longitudinal fibers immediately underlying the mucous membrane on the dorsum of the tongue. FMA:46693 SCTID:244790006 Wikipedia:Superior_longitudinal_muscle_of_tongue musculus longitudinalis superior longitudinalis linguae superior longitudinalis linguæ superior musculus longitudinalis superior linguae superior lingualis superior longitudinal muscle UBERON:0008582 superior longitudinal muscle of tongue http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Musculuslongitudinalissuperiorlinguae.png A muscle of the tongue that consists of a thin stratum of oblique and longitudinal fibers immediately underlying the mucous membrane on the dorsum of the tongue. Wikipedia:Superior_longitudinal_muscle_of_tongue musculus longitudinalis superior FMA:46693 longitudinalis linguae superior Wikipedia:Superior_longitudinal_muscle_of_tongue longitudinalis linguæ superior Wikipedia:Superior_longitudinal_muscle_of_tongue musculus longitudinalis superior linguae Wikipedia:Superior_longitudinal_muscle_of_tongue superior lingualis Wikipedia:Superior_longitudinal_muscle_of_tongue superior longitudinal muscle Wikipedia:Superior_longitudinal_muscle_of_tongue A muscle of the tongue that consists of fibers which arise from the median fibrous septum and pass lateralward to be inserted into the submucous fibrous tissue at the sides of the tongue. EMAPA:18281 FMA:46695 MA:0002328 NCIT:C52706 SCTID:244792003 UMLS:C1708561 Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_tongue intrinsic tongue muscle transverse component transverse lingual muscle musculus transversus linguae transverse muscle transversus linguae transversus linguæ transversus muscle UBERON:0008583 transverse muscle of tongue http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Musculustransversuslinguae.png A muscle of the tongue that consists of fibers which arise from the median fibrous septum and pass lateralward to be inserted into the submucous fibrous tissue at the sides of the tongue. Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_tongue UMLS:C1708561 ncithesaurus:Intrinsic_Tongue_Muscle_Transverse_Component intrinsic tongue muscle transverse component MA:0002328 transverse lingual muscle FMA:46695 musculus transversus linguae Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_tongue transverse muscle Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_tongue transversus linguae Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_tongue transversus linguæ Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_tongue transversus muscle Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_tongue A muscle of the tongue that is found only at the borders of the forepart of the tongue. Its fibers extend from the upper to the under surface of the organ. EMAPA:18282 FMA:46696 MA:0002329 NCIT:C52708 SCTID:244793008 UMLS:C1708562 Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue intrinsic tongue muscle vertical component vertical lingual muscle musculus verticalis linguae vertical muscle verticalis linguae verticalis linguae muscle verticalis linguæ verticalis linguæ muscle verticalis muscle UBERON:0008584 vertical muscle of tongue http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Gray1020.png A muscle of the tongue that is found only at the borders of the forepart of the tongue. Its fibers extend from the upper to the under surface of the organ. Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue UMLS:C1708562 ncithesaurus:Intrinsic_Tongue_Muscle_Vertical_Component intrinsic tongue muscle vertical component MA:0002329 vertical lingual muscle FMA:46696 musculus verticalis linguae Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue vertical muscle Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue verticalis linguae Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue verticalis linguae muscle Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue verticalis linguæ Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue verticalis linguæ muscle Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue verticalis muscle Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements[VSAO,modified]. logical definition deliberately made strict to avoid classifying MA:spiral ligament as both nonskeletal and skeletal. see https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/71 Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ.[VSAO] Ligament organ that primarily consists of regular dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi; connects bone and cartilage organs. Examples: sutural ligament, ligament of pinna, tarsal ligament[FMA:25624]. ligament AAO:0010444 AEO:0000090 CALOHA:TS-2146 EHDAA2:0003232 EV:0100144 FMA:25624 GAID:118 MA:0003005 SCTID:410744003 VSAO:0000072 Wikipedia:Ligament#Articular_ligaments articular larua articular ligament true ligament UBERON:0008846 skeletal ligament https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Knee_diagram.svg Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements[VSAO,modified]. GO_REF:0000034 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000072 VSAO PSPUB:0000170 Ligament organ that primarily consists of regular dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi; connects bone and cartilage organs. Examples: sutural ligament, ligament of pinna, tarsal ligament[FMA:25624]. FMA:25624 ligament VSAO:0000072 ZFA:0001675 articular larua Wikipedia:Ligament articular ligament Wikipedia:Ligament true ligament Wikipedia:Ligament The part of a molar tooth that is implanted in the gum; mandibular and maxillary molars usually have two and three roots, respectively. EMAPA:37948 FMA:85302 molar root molar tooth root UBERON:0008854 root of molar tooth The part of a molar tooth that is implanted in the gum; mandibular and maxillary molars usually have two and three roots, respectively. MP:0011165 EMAPA:37948 MA:th molar root MP:0011166 molar tooth root FMA:85302 Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm[VSAO]. Intramembranous bone that forms superficially in the organism.[TAO] other AOs are not yet in sync with this classification AAO:0010769 TAO:0001590 VSAO:0000130 Wikipedia:Dermal_bone XAO:0004015 ZFA:0001590 dermal bones UBERON:0008907 dermal bone Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm[VSAO]. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:0000130 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/267 Intramembranous bone that forms superficially in the organism.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001590 TAO TAO:wd dermal bones ZFA:0001590 Anatomical cluster consisting of adjacent teeth constituting a row. FMA:59415 TAO:0001667 ZFA:0001642 dental arcade row of teeth tooth rows UBERON:0009678 tooth row https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-female/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-f-mouth.glb Anatomical cluster consisting of adjacent teeth constituting a row. ZFIN:curator dental arcade FMA:59415 row of teeth https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 tooth rows ZFA:0001642 A tooth row that is part of a skeleton of lower jaw. EHDAA2:0001029 FMA:55635 arcus dentalis inferior lower dental arcade lower jaw teeth set of all lower teeth mandibular dental arcade UBERON:0009679 set of lower jaw teeth https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-female/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-f-mouth.glb A tooth row that is part of a skeleton of lower jaw. OBOL:automatic arcus dentalis inferior FMA:TA lower dental arcade FMA:55635 lower jaw teeth EHDAA2:0001029 set of all lower teeth FMA:55635 mandibular dental arcade FMA:55635 A tooth row that is part of a skeleton of upper jaw. EHDAA2:0002129 FMA:55634 arcus dentalis superior set of all upper teeth upper dental arcade upper jaw teeth maxillary dental arcade UBERON:0009680 set of upper jaw teeth https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-female/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-f-mouth.glb A tooth row that is part of a skeleton of upper jaw. OBOL:automatic arcus dentalis superior FMA:TA set of all upper teeth FMA:55634 upper dental arcade FMA:55634 upper jaw teeth EHDAA2:0002129 maxillary dental arcade FMA:55634 An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. CARO:0010000 FBbt:00100313 multicellular structure UBERON:0010000 multicellular anatomical structure An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. CARO:0010000 FBbt:00100313 multicellular structure FBbt:00100313 The Posterior tongue, or pharyngeal part, is the part of the tongue behind the terminal sulcus. At its root, it is directed backward, and connected with the hyoid bone by the Hyoglossi and Genioglossi muscles and the hyoglossal membrane; with the epiglottis by three folds (glossoepiglottic) of mucous membrane; with the soft palate by the glossopalatine arches; and with the pharynx by the Constrictores pharyngis superiores and the mucous membrane. It is derived primarily from the third pharyngeal arch. (The second arch has a substantial contribution during fetal development, but this later atrophies. The fourth arch may also contribute, depending upon how the boundaries of the tongue are defined.). EMAPA:37438 FMA:54645 MA:0003031 NCIT:C12228 SCTID:362094001 UMLS:C0226958 Wikipedia:Posterior_tongue base of tongue pars posterior (dorsum linguae) pars posterior dorsi linguae pars posterior linguae pars postsulcalis (dorsum linguae) pharyngeal part of tongue pharyngeal portion of dorsum of tongue posterior part of dorsum of tongue postsulcal part of dorsum of tongue base of the tongue pharyngeal part of the tongue posterior 1/3 of the tongue posterior third of tongue radix linguae UBERON:0010033 posterior part of tongue https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-female/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-f-mouth.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-male/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-m-mouth.glb https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Illu04_tongue.jpg The Posterior tongue, or pharyngeal part, is the part of the tongue behind the terminal sulcus. At its root, it is directed backward, and connected with the hyoid bone by the Hyoglossi and Genioglossi muscles and the hyoglossal membrane; with the epiglottis by three folds (glossoepiglottic) of mucous membrane; with the soft palate by the glossopalatine arches; and with the pharynx by the Constrictores pharyngis superiores and the mucous membrane. It is derived primarily from the third pharyngeal arch. (The second arch has a substantial contribution during fetal development, but this later atrophies. The fourth arch may also contribute, depending upon how the boundaries of the tongue are defined.). Wikipedia:Posterior_tongue EMAPA:37438 MA:th UMLS:C0226958 ncithesaurus:Base_of_the_Tongue base of tongue Wikipedia:Posterior_tongue pars posterior (dorsum linguae) FMA:54645 pars posterior dorsi linguae Wikipedia:Posterior_tongue pars posterior linguae FMA:TA pars postsulcalis (dorsum linguae) FMA:54645 pharyngeal part of tongue FMA:54645 pharyngeal portion of dorsum of tongue FMA:54645 posterior part of dorsum of tongue FMA:54645 postsulcal part of dorsum of tongue FMA:54645 base of the tongue Wikipedia:Posterior_tongue pharyngeal part of the tongue Wikipedia:Posterior_tongue posterior 1/3 of the tongue Wikipedia:Posterior_tongue posterior third of tongue Wikipedia:Posterior_tongue radix linguae Wikipedia:Posterior_tongue Gland of the epithelium lining the oral cavity. The most common are the salivary glands. Note that Kardong classifies lacrimal glands here. EHDAA2 includes pituitary primordium, as this develops from oral mucosa UBERON:0003293 EHDAA2:0001327 EHDAA:2181 EMAPA:16572 EMAPA:16723 VHOG:0000652 buccal gland gland of oral opening gland of oral region mouth gland oral cavity gland oral region gland UBERON:0010047 oral gland Gland of the epithelium lining the oral cavity. The most common are the salivary glands. ISBN:0073040584 Note that Kardong classifies lacrimal glands here. EHDAA2 includes pituitary primordium, as this develops from oral mucosa EHDAA2 The palatopharyngeus or palatopharyngeal or pharyngopalatinus muscle is a long, fleshy fasciculus, narrower in the middle than at either end, forming, with the mucous membrane covering its surface, the palatopharyngeal arch. Palatopharyngeus is a muscle that attaches to the palatine bones, soft palate, and pharynx and is innervated by Cranial Nerve X via the pharyngeal plexus.[FEED] It is separated from the palatoglossus muscle by an angular interval, in which the palatine tonsil is lodged. It arises from the soft palate, where it is divided into two fasciculi by the levator veli palatini and musculus uvulae FMA:46666 SCTID:244796000 Wikipedia:Palatopharyngeus_muscle palatopharyngeal muscle palatopharyngeus pharyngopalatinus muscle musculus palatopharyngeus pharyngopalatinus UBERON:0010234 palatopharyngeus muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Musculuspalatopharyngeus.png The palatopharyngeus or palatopharyngeal or pharyngopalatinus muscle is a long, fleshy fasciculus, narrower in the middle than at either end, forming, with the mucous membrane covering its surface, the palatopharyngeal arch. Wikipedia:Palatopharyngeus_muscle Palatopharyngeus is a muscle that attaches to the palatine bones, soft palate, and pharynx and is innervated by Cranial Nerve X via the pharyngeal plexus.[FEED] 2012-07-02 FEED http://www.feedexp.org palatopharyngeus FMA:46666 pharyngopalatinus muscle Wikipedia:Palatopharyngeus_muscle musculus palatopharyngeus Wikipedia:Palatopharyngeus_muscle pharyngopalatinus Wikipedia:Palatopharyngeus_muscle Stratified squamous epithelium is a stratified squamous epithelium, the cells of which synthesizes but does not accumulate keratin. Examples: epithelium of vagina, epithelium of wall of esophagus. FMA:45569 Wikipedia:Stratified_squamous_epithelium#Nonkeratinized epithelium stratificatum squamosum noncornificatum nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelium UBERON:0010304 non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Stratified squamous epithelium is a stratified squamous epithelium, the cells of which synthesizes but does not accumulate keratin. Examples: epithelium of vagina, epithelium of wall of esophagus. FMA:45569 Wikipedia:Stratified_squamous_epithelium#Nonkeratinized epithelium stratificatum squamosum noncornificatum FMA:45569 nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium FMA:45569 stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelium http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An anatomical structure that develops from the neural crest. Grouping term for query purposes UBERON:0010313 neural crest-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops from the neural crest. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest. Grouping term for query purposes UBERON:0010314 structure with developmental contribution from neural crest An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Skeletal tissue that is part of the exoskeleton and derived from an odontogenic papilla. in many vertebrates, odontoid tissue is not restricted to the teeth Classified as a portion of organism substance in FMA UBERON:0001973 EMAPA:35872 FMA:63001 MA:0002540 NCIT:C33794 UMLS:C1519551 VSAO:0000063 XAO:0004046 ZFA:0005623 odontogenic tissue portion of substance of tooth substance of tooth tooth substance dental tissue tooth hard tissue tooth tissue UBERON:0010365 odontoid tissue Skeletal tissue that is part of the exoskeleton and derived from an odontogenic papilla. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000063 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 Classified as a portion of organism substance in FMA FMA UMLS:C1519551 ncithesaurus:Tooth_Tissue odontogenic tissue VSAO:curator portion of substance of tooth FMA:63001 substance of tooth FMA:63001 tooth substance MA:0002540 dental tissue VSAO:curator tooth hard tissue VT:0003930 Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements (i.e. bone elements, cartilage elements, cartilage condensations) that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. Excludes joints. Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements that are part of the skeleton.[VSAO] FMA:23879 SCTID:129140006 VSAO:0000042 skeletal subdivision subdivision of skeleton (in vivo) UBERON:0010912 subdivision of skeleton Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements (i.e. bone elements, cartilage elements, cartilage condensations) that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. Excludes joints. UBERONREF:0000003 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements that are part of the skeleton.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000042 incorrect VSAO VSAO:curator skeletal subdivision VSAO:0000042 subdivision of skeleton (in vivo) FMA:23879 belly venter FMA:9719 SCTID:29823001 belly of muscle UBERON:0010938 muscle belly belly FMA:9719 venter FMA:TA Any muscle organ that is part of either the head or the neck. NCIT:C32716 UMLS:C0448281 muscle of head or neck muscle of head and neck UBERON:0010959 craniocervical muscle Any muscle organ that is part of either the head or the neck. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 UMLS:C0448281 ncithesaurus:Head_and_Neck_Muscle A thin layer of cartilage, usually hyaline, on the articular surface of bones in synovial joints. AEO:0000179 BTO:0001572 CALOHA:TS-0055 EFO:0001902 EMAPA:35149 FMA:12264 GAID:101 MA:0000487 MESH:D002358 NCIT:C32144 SCTID:305026006 UMLS:C0007303 galen:ArticularCartilage articular cartilage cartilago articularis hyaline cartilage joint-associated cartilage UBERON:0010996 articular cartilage of joint A thin layer of cartilage, usually hyaline, on the articular surface of bones in synovial joints. BTO:0001572 UMLS:C0007303 ncithesaurus:Articular_Cartilage articular cartilage MA:0000487 cartilago articularis FMA:12264 hyaline cartilage BTO:0001572 joint-associated cartilage AEO:0000179 Subdivision of skull that consists of the facial bones. EHDAA2:0002206 EHDAA:8361 EMAPA:18022 FMA:53673 MA:0000318 Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton facial skeleton facial bone ossa facialia ossa faciei viscerocranium UBERON:0011156 facial skeleton http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Illu_facial_bones.jpg Subdivision of skull that consists of the facial bones. MP:0005274 Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton http://www.bartleby.com/107/37.html https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 facial skeleton FMA:53673 facial bone MA:0000318 ossa facialia Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton ossa faciei Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton viscerocranium MA:0000318 The skull can be divided into two: the neurocranium and the facial skeleton. FMA:54964 skull subdivision subdivision of skull UBERON:0011158 primary subdivision of skull The skull can be divided into two: the neurocranium and the facial skeleton. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 skull subdivision FMA:54964 subdivision of skull FMA:54964 Synovial joint that articulates bones of upper and lower jaw. Some synapsids retained two pairs of jaw joints - quadrate-articular and tempero-mandibular, but this unusual paired condition did not last long jaw joint craniomandibular joint UBERON:0011171 joint connecting upper and lower jaws Synovial joint that articulates bones of upper and lower jaw. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evograms_05 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Some synapsids retained two pairs of jaw joints - quadrate-articular and tempero-mandibular, but this unusual paired condition did not last long http://evolution.berkeley.edu A subdivision of an anatomical system. FBbt:00007330 FMA:67509 SCTID:91690000 UBERON:0011216 organ system subdivision A subdivision of an anatomical system. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 FBbt:00007330 A canal through the maxilla that is connects the infra-orbital groove and foramen and is the conduit for the passage of the infraorbital nerve and artery. infra-orbital canal infraorbital canal FMA:59048 Wikipedia:Infraorbital_canal canalis infra-orbitalis canalis infraorbitalis UBERON:0011245 infra-orbital canal of maxilla A canal through the maxilla that is connects the infra-orbital groove and foramen and is the conduit for the passage of the infraorbital nerve and artery. UBERON:cjm infra-orbital canal FMA:59048 infraorbital canal Wikipedia:Infraorbital_canal canalis infra-orbitalis FMA:59048 canalis infraorbitalis FMA:59048 The zone of the mandible that carries the teeth. FMA:52827 SCTID:244684002 Wikipedia:Body_of_mandible corpus mandibulae mandibular body body of the mandible UBERON:0011309 body of mandible The zone of the mandible that carries the teeth. http://www.avdc.org/Nomenclature.pdf corpus mandibulae http://www.avdc.org/Nomenclature.pdf mandibular body FMA:52827 body of the mandible Wikipedia:Body_of_mandible The articular capsule (capsular ligament) is a thin, loose envelope, attached above to the circumference of the mandibular fossa and the articular tubercle immediately in front; below, to the neck of the condyle of the mandible. FMA:57050 MFMO:0000046 SCTID:303404000 Wikipedia:Capsule_of_temporomandibular_joint articular capsule of temporomandibular joint capsula articularis articulationis temporomandibularis UBERON:0011318 capsule of temporomandibular joint The articular capsule (capsular ligament) is a thin, loose envelope, attached above to the circumference of the mandibular fossa and the articular tubercle immediately in front; below, to the neck of the condyle of the mandible. Wikipedia:Capsule_of_temporomandibular_joint articular capsule of temporomandibular joint FMA:57050 capsula articularis articulationis temporomandibularis Wikipedia:Capsule_of_the_temporomandibular_joint The fibrocartilaginous plate that separates the joint into upper and lower cavities. BTO:0003675 FMA:57059 MESH:D019224 SCTID:282433007 Wikipedia:Articular_disk_of_the_temporomandibular_joint articular disc of temporomandibular joint articular disk of temporomandibular joint discus articularis (articulatio temporomandibularis) discus articularis articulationis temporomandibularis temporomandibular articular disk articular disc of temporomandibular joint discus articularis temporomandibularis mandibular disk temporomandibular articular disk temporomandibular joint disk UBERON:0011319 disk of temporomandibular joint The fibrocartilaginous plate that separates the joint into upper and lower cavities. BTO:0003675 Wikipedia:Articular_disk_of_the_temporomandibular_joint articular disc of temporomandibular joint FMA:57059 articular disk of temporomandibular joint FMA:57059 discus articularis (articulatio temporomandibularis) FMA:57059 discus articularis articulationis temporomandibularis FMA:TA Wikipedia:Articular_disk_of_the_temporomandibular_joint temporomandibular articular disk BTO:0003675 articular disc of temporomandibular joint BTO:0003675 discus articularis temporomandibularis BTO:0003675 mandibular disk BTO:0003675 temporomandibular articular disk GAID:273 temporomandibular joint disk Wikipedia:Articular_disk_of_the_temporomandibular_joint FMA:57070 SCTID:127861009 Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint#Ligaments temporomandibular joint ligament UBERON:0011320 ligament of temporomandibular joint temporomandibular joint ligament FMA:57070 The Chondroglossus is sometimes described as a part of the Hyoglossus, but is separated from it by fibers of the Genioglossus, which pass to the side of the pharynx. It is about 2 cm. long, and arises from the medial side and base of the lesser cornu and contiguous portion of the body of the hyoid bone, and passes directly upward to blend with the intrinsic muscular fibers of the tongue, between the Hyoglossus and Genioglossus. FMA:46700 SCTID:244787000 Wikipedia:Chondroglossus chondroglossal chondroglossus chondroglossal muscle musculus chondroglossus UBERON:0011535 chondroglossus muscle The Chondroglossus is sometimes described as a part of the Hyoglossus, but is separated from it by fibers of the Genioglossus, which pass to the side of the pharynx. It is about 2 cm. long, and arises from the medial side and base of the lesser cornu and contiguous portion of the body of the hyoid bone, and passes directly upward to blend with the intrinsic muscular fibers of the tongue, between the Hyoglossus and Genioglossus. Wikipedia:Chondroglossus chondroglossal FMA:46700 chondroglossus FMA:46700 chondroglossal muscle Wikipedia:Chondroglossus musculus chondroglossus _muscle A tooth that is attached to a maxilla[TAO,modified]. this ontology also contains a class for 'tooth of upper jaw'. This is not equivalent to 'maxillary tooth' in a multi-species context, because many vertebrates have other tooth-bearing bones in the upper jaw[http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165] Tooth that is attached to the maxilla.[TAO] AAO:0000287 FMA:321646 TAO:0001627 Wikipedia:Tooth_(human) maxillary teeth UBERON:0011593 maxillary tooth A tooth that is attached to a maxilla[TAO,modified]. TAO:0001627 Tooth that is attached to the maxilla.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001627 TAO TAO:wd maxillary teeth AAO:0000287 Tooth that is attached to a dentary/mandible[TAO,modified]. Note that we treat dentary tooth and mandibular tooth as equivalent Tooth that is attached to the dentary.[TAO] relationship loss: part_of dentary tooth row (TAO:0001952)[TAO] AAO:0000125 AAO:0000641 SCTID:245547003 TAO:0001628 mandibular teeth mandibular tooth tooth of dentary UBERON:0011594 dentary tooth Tooth that is attached to a dentary/mandible[TAO,modified]. TAO:0001628 Tooth that is attached to the dentary.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001628 TAO TAO:wd relationship loss: part_of dentary tooth row (TAO:0001952)[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001628 TAO mandibular teeth AAO:0000641 A subdivision of the head that corresponds to the jaw skeleton, containing both soft tissue, skeleton and teeth (when present). The jaw region is divided into upper and lower regions. EMAPA:32905 NCIT:C114916 UBERON:0011595 jaw region http://eol.org/collections/11578 A subdivision of the head that corresponds to the jaw skeleton, containing both soft tissue, skeleton and teeth (when present). The jaw region is divided into upper and lower regions. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Any bone that is part of the upper jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the maxilla, the quadrate (in some species). Do not manually classify under here - bones are automatically classified upper jaw bone UBERON:0011597 bone of upper jaw Any bone that is part of the upper jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the maxilla, the quadrate (in some species). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A gingiva that is part of a upper jaw region. EMAPA:18970 FMA:59763 NCIT:C54205 SCTID:304703001 UMLS:C0227121 gum of maxilla gum of upper jaw upper gingiva upper jaw gingiva maxillary gum upper gum UBERON:0011601 gingiva of upper jaw https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-female/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-f-mouth.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-male/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-m-mouth.glb A gingiva that is part of a upper jaw region. OBOL:automatic gum of upper jaw EMAPA:18970 upper jaw gingiva FMA:59763 maxillary gum FMA:59763 A gingiva that is part of a lower jaw region. EMAPA:18967 FMA:59764 NCIT:C54204 SCTID:304704007 UMLS:C0227123 gum of lower jaw gum of mandible lower gingiva lower jaw gingiva lower gum lower jaw gum mandibular gum UBERON:0011602 gingiva of lower jaw https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-female/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-f-mouth.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-male/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-m-mouth.glb A gingiva that is part of a lower jaw region. OBOL:automatic gum of lower jaw EMAPA:18967 lower jaw gingiva FMA:59764 lower jaw gum FMA:59764 mandibular gum FMA:59764 Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. FMA:20107 UBERON:0011821 irregular connective tissue Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. FMA:20107 Dense connective tissue is mainly composed of collagen type I. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that manufacture the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than tendons. Dense connective tissue also make up the lower layers of the skin (dermis), where it is arranged in sheets. our OWL definition states that this is differentiated from other connective tissue types by virtue of the fact that the collage fiber component predominates, as opposed to cells and fluid. Connective tissue in which the fibrous component predominates. The cells, ground substance, and tissue fluid represent a minor component[NCIT] AAO:0000121 NCIT:C32450 UMLS:C1511770 Wikipedia:Dense_connective_tissue UBERON:0011823 dense connective tissue Dense connective tissue is mainly composed of collagen type I. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that manufacture the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than tendons. Dense connective tissue also make up the lower layers of the skin (dermis), where it is arranged in sheets. Wikipedia:Dense_connective_tissue Connective tissue in which the fibrous component predominates. The cells, ground substance, and tissue fluid represent a minor component[NCIT] 2012-08-29 ncithesaurus:Dense_Connective_Tissue NCIT UMLS:C1511770 ncithesaurus:Dense_Connective_Tissue Irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a sparse irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, neuroglial tissue, mucoid tissue. FMA:19783 NCIT:C33007 UMLS:C1253917 Wikipedia:Loose_connective_tissue textus connectivus collagenosus laxus textus connectivus laxus UBERON:0011825 loose connective tissue Irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a sparse irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, neuroglial tissue, mucoid tissue. FMA:19783 UMLS:C1253917 ncithesaurus:Loose_Connective_Tissue textus connectivus collagenosus laxus FMA:19783 FMA:TA textus connectivus laxus FMA:19783 FMA:TA FMA:85453 caput (musculus) caput musculi head of muscle organ muscular organ head proximal myotendinous region of muscle organ UBERON:0011906 muscle head caput (musculus) FMA:85453 caput musculi FMA:85453 head of muscle organ FMA:85453 muscular organ head FMA:85453 proximal myotendinous region of muscle organ FMA:85453 A cervical lymph nodes are found in proximity to an internal or external jugular vein. FMA:61232 SCTID:167763000 lateral cervical node UBERON:0012306 lateral cervical lymph node A cervical lymph nodes are found in proximity to an internal or external jugular vein. Wikipedia:Superficial_lateral_cervical_lymph_nodes https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/5 lateral cervical node FMA:61232 The anterior cervical lymph nodes are a group of nodes found on the anterior part of the neck. FMA:61230 SCTID:168259009 Wikipedia:Anterior_cervical_lymph_nodes anterior cervical node UBERON:0012307 anterior cervical lymph node The anterior cervical lymph nodes are a group of nodes found on the anterior part of the neck. Wikipedia:Anterior_cervical_lymph_nodes https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/5 The superficial lateral cervical lymph nodes are found in proximity to the external jugular vein. FMA:12769 SCTID:50679006 Wikipedia:Superficial_lateral_cervical_lymph_nodes superficial lateral cervical node UBERON:0012308 superficial lateral cervical lymph node The superficial lateral cervical lymph nodes are found in proximity to the external jugular vein. Wikipedia:Superficial_lateral_cervical_lymph_nodes superficial lateral cervical node FMA:12769 The superficial anterior cervical lymph nodes are found in proximity to the anterior jugular vein. FMA:12776 SCTID:22993006 Wikipedia:Superficial_anterior_cervical_lymph_nodes anterior jugular lymph node UBERON:0012309 superficial anterior cervical lymph node The superficial anterior cervical lymph nodes are found in proximity to the anterior jugular vein. Wikipedia:Superficial_anterior_cervical_lymph_nodes anterior jugular lymph node FMA:12776 The deep lateral cervical lymph nodes are found near the upper part of the internal jugular vein in the neck, lateral or posterior to the carotid sheath. FMA:12770 SCTID:61755005 Wikipedia:Deep_lateral_cervical_lymph_nodes deep lateral cervical node UBERON:0012310 deep lateral cervical lymph node The deep lateral cervical lymph nodes are found near the upper part of the internal jugular vein in the neck, lateral or posterior to the carotid sheath. Wikipedia:Deep_lateral_cervical_lymph_nodes deep lateral cervical node FMA:12770 The deep anterior cervical lymph nodes are found near the middle cricothyroid ligament and the trachea. FMA:12779 SCTID:52363008 Wikipedia:Deep_anterior_cervical_lymph_nodes UBERON:0012311 deep anterior cervical lymph node The deep anterior cervical lymph nodes are found near the middle cricothyroid ligament and the trachea. Wikipedia:Deep_anterior_cervical_lymph_nodes Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is a stratified squamous epithelium, the cells of which synthesize and accumulate keratin. FMA:45568 Wikipedia:Stratified_squamous_epithelium#Keratinized epithelium stratificatum squamosum cornificatum UBERON:0012329 keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is a stratified squamous epithelium, the cells of which synthesize and accumulate keratin. FMA:45568 Wikipedia:Stratified_squamous_epithelium#Keratinized epithelium stratificatum squamosum cornificatum FMA:45568 A bone element that is part of a jaw region. Do not manually classify under here - bones are automatically classified EMAPA:35453 MA:0003130 SCTID:369003004 jaw bone UBERON:0012360 bone of jaw A bone element that is part of a jaw region. OBOL:automatic The outer layer of the muscular coat. BTO:0005214 FMA:62900 longitudinal muscle layer longitudinal smooth muscle outer muscularis outer muscularis layer UBERON:0012369 longitudinal muscle layer of muscular coat The outer layer of the muscular coat. BTO:0005214 longitudinal smooth muscle BTO:0005214 outer muscularis FMA:62900 outer muscularis layer FMA:62900 A molar or premolar. postcanine tooth cheek tooth molariform UBERON:0013164 molariform tooth A molar or premolar. ISBN:0073040584 postcanine tooth http://www.termwiki.com/EN:postcanine_teeth cheek tooth ISBN:0073040584 molariform ISBN:0073040584 UBERON:0013522 subdivision of tube cingulid tooth cingulid UBERON:0013612 lower jaw cingulum A ridge that girdles the base of a upper molar tooth UBERON:0013613 upper jaw cingulum A ridge that girdles the base of a upper molar tooth http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cingulum TODO - logical definition FMA:84206 SCTID:368703003 deciduous molar tooth primary molar tooth temporary molar tooth UBERON:0013616 primary molar tooth deciduous molar tooth FMA:84206 primary molar tooth FMA:84206 temporary molar tooth FMA:84206 A primary molar tooth that is part of a upper jaw region. FMA:84210 SCTID:422318005 primary upper molar tooth upper deciduous molar upper deciduous molar tooth upper primary molar tooth UBERON:0013617 upper primary molar tooth A primary molar tooth that is part of a upper jaw region. OBOL:automatic upper deciduous molar tooth FMA:84210 upper primary molar tooth FMA:84210 FMA:84207 SCTID:421593002 permanent molar tooth secondary molar tooth UBERON:0013618 secondary molar tooth permanent molar tooth FMA:84207 secondary molar tooth FMA:84207 A secondary molar tooth that is part of a upper jaw region. FMA:55720 maxillary secondary molar tooth upper permanent molar tooth upper secondary molar tooth UBERON:0013619 upper secondary molar tooth A secondary molar tooth that is part of a upper jaw region. OBOL:automatic maxillary secondary molar tooth FMA:55720 upper permanent molar tooth FMA:55720 upper secondary molar tooth FMA:55720 A primary molar tooth that is part of a lower jaw region. FMA:84213 SCTID:421482001 lower deciduous molar tooth primary lower molar tooth UBERON:0013620 lower primary molar tooth A primary molar tooth that is part of a lower jaw region. OBOL:automatic lower deciduous molar tooth FMA:84213 A secondary molar tooth that is part of a lower jaw region. FMA:55721 lower permanent molar lower permanent molar tooth mandibular secondary molar tooth UBERON:0013621 lower secondary molar tooth A secondary molar tooth that is part of a lower jaw region. OBOL:automatic lower permanent molar tooth FMA:55721 mandibular secondary molar tooth FMA:55721 Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone of the skull. FMA:53165 SCTID:276742007 Wikipedia:Foramina_of_the_skull foramen of skull cranial conduit cranial foramen foramina of the skull UBERON:0013685 foramen of skull Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone of the skull. TAO:curator http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 foramen of skull Wikipedia:Foramina_of_the_skull cranial conduit FMA:53165 foramina of the skull Wikipedia:Foramina_of_the_skull An anatomical space which is the lumen of some anatomical conduit and connects two or more spaces together[FMA,modified]. FMA:9338 foramen space UBERON:0013686 anatomical conduit space An anatomical space which is the lumen of some anatomical conduit and connects two or more spaces together[FMA,modified]. FMA:9338 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements. EMAPA:37843 SCTID:272627002 digestive organ digestive system organ UBERON:0013765 digestive system element Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 EMAPA:37843 MA:th A plate of bone from the maxilla that that projects upward, medialward, and backward, by the side of the nose, forming part of its lateral boundary[WP,modified]. FMA:52894 SCTID:368869008 Wikipedia:Frontal_process_of_maxilla processus frontalis (maxilla) frontal appendage of maxilla frontal process of the maxilla nasal process of maxilla processus frontalis maxillae UBERON:0013767 frontal process of maxilla A plate of bone from the maxilla that that projects upward, medialward, and backward, by the side of the nose, forming part of its lateral boundary[WP,modified]. Wikipedia:Frontal_process_of_maxilla processus frontalis (maxilla) FMA:52894 frontal appendage of maxilla FMA:52894 frontal process of the maxilla Wikipedia:Frontal_process_of_maxilla nasal process of maxilla Wikipedia:Frontal_process_of_maxilla processus frontalis maxillae Wikipedia:Frontal_process_of_maxilla A papilla that contain taste buds, including the fungiform, foliate, and circumvallate papillae. gustatory papilla taste papilla gustatory papillae taste papillae UBERON:0014389 gustatory papilla of tongue A papilla that contain taste buds, including the fungiform, foliate, and circumvallate papillae. MGI:smb MP:0006256 gustatory papillae taste papillae A muscle organ that consists of skeletal muscle tissue ensheathed in epimysium, that develops from myotome and that is innervated by some somatic motor neuron. Skeletal muscles are typically attached (via a tendon) to a bone but there are exceptions (e.g. intrinsic tongue muscles). skeletal muscle AAO:0011099 BTO:0001103 CALOHA:TS-0933 EFO:0000888 EHDAA:5035 EHDAA:5043 EHDAA:5978 EHDAA:5984 EMAPA:35988 EV:0100377 GAID:141 MA:0003148 MAT:0000302 MESH:D018482 MIAA:0000302 TAO:0005277 VHOG:0000319 XAO:0000174 ZFA:0005277 UBERON:0014892 skeletal muscle organ, vertebrate A muscle organ that consists of skeletal muscle tissue ensheathed in epimysium, that develops from myotome and that is innervated by some somatic motor neuron. Skeletal muscles are typically attached (via a tendon) to a bone but there are exceptions (e.g. intrinsic tongue muscles). GOC:dos Any structure that is placed on one side of the left-right axis of a bilaterian. This class is primarily to implement taxon constraints. It may be removed in the future. UBERON:0015212 lateral structure Any structure that is placed on one side of the left-right axis of a bilaterian. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A lymph node found near the parotid gland. FMA:61216 MA:0003088 SCTID:279140007 Wikipedia:Parotid_lymph_nodes parotid node UBERON:0015857 parotid lymph node A lymph node found near the parotid gland. Wikipedia:Parotid_lymph_nodes parotid node FMA:61216 The retropharyngeal lymph nodes, from one to three in number, lie in the buccopharyngeal fascia, behind the upper part of the pharynx and in front of the arch of the atlas, being separated, however, from the latter by the Longus capitis. Their afferents drain the nasal cavities, the nasal part of the pharynx, and the auditory tubes. Their efferents pass to the superior deep cervical glands. They are in the retropharyngeal space. EMAPA:37724 FMA:61237 MA:0003070 NCIT:C77649 SCTID:167263004 UMLS:C0229737 Wikipedia:Retropharyngeal_lymph_nodes retropharyngeal node retropharyngeal glands retropharyngeal lymph node UBERON:0015869 retropharyngeal lymph node The retropharyngeal lymph nodes, from one to three in number, lie in the buccopharyngeal fascia, behind the upper part of the pharynx and in front of the arch of the atlas, being separated, however, from the latter by the Longus capitis. Their afferents drain the nasal cavities, the nasal part of the pharynx, and the auditory tubes. Their efferents pass to the superior deep cervical glands. They are in the retropharyngeal space. Wikipedia:Retropharyngeal_lymph_nodes EMAPA:37724 MA:th retropharyngeal node FMA:61237 retropharyngeal glands Wikipedia:Retropharyngeal_lymph_nodes retropharyngeal lymph node Wikipedia:Retropharyngeal_lymph_nodes A lymph node that is part of a head. FMA:61212 SCTID:155136006 UBERON:0015870 lymph node of head A lymph node that is part of a head. OBOL:automatic Any of the lymph nodes that are part of a face. In humans, these comprise three groups: (a) infraorbital or maxillary, scattered over the infraorbital region from the groove between the nose and cheek to the zygomatic arch; (b) buccinator, one or more placed on the Buccinator opposite the angle of the mouth; (c) supramandibular, on the outer surface of the mandible, in front of the Masseter and in contact with the external maxillary artery and anterior facial vein. FMA:61222 SCTID:279139005 Wikipedia:Facial_lymph_nodes buccal lymph node UBERON:0015871 facial lymph node Any of the lymph nodes that are part of a face. Wikipedia:Facial_lymph_nodes http://www.bartleby.com/107/177.html buccal lymph node FMA:61222 The mandibular lymph node is a lymph node found near the jaw. In mice, Rostromedial to the sublingual and mandibular salivary glands. FMA:61227 MA:0003067 SCTID:10664000 Wikipedia:Mandibular_lymph_node mandibular node nodus mandibularis lymphonodi mandibulares nodus lymphoideus mandibularis UBERON:0015872 Editor nodes: consider merging with submandibular, at least for mouse, see http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16624319 mandibular lymph node The mandibular lymph node is a lymph node found near the jaw. Wikipedia:Mandibular_lymph_node In mice, Rostromedial to the sublingual and mandibular salivary glands. PMID:16624319 NCBITaxon:10090 mandibular node FMA:61227 nodus mandibularis FMA:TA lymphonodi mandibulares Wikipedia:Mandibular_lymph_node nodus lymphoideus mandibularis Wikipedia:Mandibular_lymph_node A lymph node that is located close to the surface. FMA:12767 NCIT:C102716 UBERON:0015917 superficial lymph node A lymph node that is located close to the surface. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A lymph node that is located deeper within the organism, further from the surface. FMA:12768 UBERON:0015918 deep lymph node A lymph node that is located deeper within the organism, further from the surface. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A parotid lymph node that is located superficially. Rostromedial to the sublingual and mandibular salivary glands Dorsolateral to the mandibular lymph node Ventral to the external acoustic pore, caudal to the extraorbital lacrimal gland, cranioventral to the parotid salivary gland, dorsal to the junction between the superficial temporal vein (v.) and the maxillary v.. FMA:61217 SCTID:279141006 Wikipedia:Superficial_parotid_lymph_nodes superficial parotid node UBERON:0015923 superficial parotid lymph node A parotid lymph node that is located superficially. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Rostromedial to the sublingual and mandibular salivary glands Dorsolateral to the mandibular lymph node Ventral to the external acoustic pore, caudal to the extraorbital lacrimal gland, cranioventral to the parotid salivary gland, dorsal to the junction between the superficial temporal vein (v.) and the maxillary v.. PMID:16624319 NCBITaxon:10090 superficial parotid node FMA:61217 The mastoid lymph nodes (retroauricular lymph nodes, posterior auricular glands), usually two in number, are situated on the mastoid insertion of the Sternocleidomastoideus, beneath the Auricularis posterior. Their afferent vessels drain the posterior part of the temporoparietal region, the upper part of the cranial surface of the auricula or pinna, and the back of the external acoustic meatus; their efferents pass to the superior deep cervical glands. FMA:61215 SCTID:245328002 SCTID:279143009 Wikipedia:Mastoid_lymph_nodes mastoid node postauricular lymph node retro-auricular lymph node retro-auricular node mastoid glands posterior auricular glands retroauricular lymph nodes UBERON:0016392 mastoid lymph node The mastoid lymph nodes (retroauricular lymph nodes, posterior auricular glands), usually two in number, are situated on the mastoid insertion of the Sternocleidomastoideus, beneath the Auricularis posterior. Their afferent vessels drain the posterior part of the temporoparietal region, the upper part of the cranial surface of the auricula or pinna, and the back of the external acoustic meatus; their efferents pass to the superior deep cervical glands. Wikipedia:Mastoid_lymph_nodes mastoid node FMA:61215 postauricular lymph node UBERON:cjm retro-auricular lymph node FMA:61215 retro-auricular node FMA:61215 mastoid glands Wikipedia:Mastoid_lymph_nodes posterior auricular glands Wikipedia:Mastoid_lymph_nodes retroauricular lymph nodes Wikipedia:Mastoid_lymph_nodes The deep parotid lymph nodes are lymph nodes found below the parotid gland. The afferents of the subparotid glands drain the nasal part of the pharynx and the posterior parts of the nasal cavities. Their efferents pass to the superior deep cervical glands. FMA:61218 SCTID:279142004 Wikipedia:Deep_parotid_lymph_nodes deep parotid node UBERON:0016393 deep parotid lymph node The deep parotid lymph nodes are lymph nodes found below the parotid gland. The afferents of the subparotid glands drain the nasal part of the pharynx and the posterior parts of the nasal cavities. Their efferents pass to the superior deep cervical glands. Wikipedia:Deep_parotid_lymph_nodes PMID:16624319 deep parotid node FMA:61218 The preauricular deep parotid lymph nodes (anterior auricular glands or preauricular glands), from one to three in number, lie immediately in front of the tragus. Their afferents drain the lateral surface of the auricula and the skin of the adjacent part of the temporal region; their efferents pass to the superior deep cervical glands. FMA:61219 NCIT:C103429 SCTID:245327007 Wikipedia:Preauricular_deep_parotid_lymph_nodes pre-auricular lymph node pre-auricular node preauricular lymph node preauricular node anterior auricular glands pre-auricular lymph nodes preauricular glands UBERON:0016394 anterior auricular lymph node The preauricular deep parotid lymph nodes (anterior auricular glands or preauricular glands), from one to three in number, lie immediately in front of the tragus. Their afferents drain the lateral surface of the auricula and the skin of the adjacent part of the temporal region; their efferents pass to the superior deep cervical glands. Wikipedia:Preauricular_deep_parotid_lymph_nodes PMID:16624319 pre-auricular lymph node FMA:61219 pre-auricular node FMA:61219 preauricular node FMA:61219 anterior auricular glands Wikipedia:Preauricular_deep_parotid_lymph_nodes pre-auricular lymph nodes Wikipedia:Preauricular_deep_parotid_lymph_nodes preauricular glands Wikipedia:Preauricular_deep_parotid_lymph_nodes The infra-auricular deep parotid lymph nodes are a group of lymph nodes found underneath the ear. FMA:61220 SCTID:22509006 Wikipedia:Infra-auricular_deep_parotid_lymph_nodes infra-auricular deep node infra-auricular deep parotid lymph node infra-auricular deep parotid node infra-auricular node UBERON:0016395 infra-auricular lymph node The infra-auricular deep parotid lymph nodes are a group of lymph nodes found underneath the ear. Wikipedia:Infra-auricular_deep_parotid_lymph_nodes infra-auricular node FMA:61220 FMA:61221 intraglandular node UBERON:0016396 intraglandular lymph node intraglandular node FMA:61221 The submental lymph nodes (or suprahyoid) are situated between the anterior bellies of the Digastrici. Their afferents drain the central portions of the lower lip and floor of the mouth and the apex of the tongue. Their efferents pass partly to the submandibular lymph nodes and partly to a gland of the deep cervical group situated on the internal jugular vein at the level of the cricoid cartilage. FMA:61229 SCTID:245318006 Wikipedia:Submental_lymph_nodes level Ia neck node submental node submental glands suprahyoid glands UBERON:0016397 submental lymph node The submental lymph nodes (or suprahyoid) are situated between the anterior bellies of the Digastrici. Their afferents drain the central portions of the lower lip and floor of the mouth and the apex of the tongue. Their efferents pass partly to the submandibular lymph nodes and partly to a gland of the deep cervical group situated on the internal jugular vein at the level of the cricoid cartilage. Wikipedia:Submental_lymph_nodes PMID:16624319 level Ia neck node FMA:61229 submental node FMA:61229 submental glands Wikipedia:Submental_lymph_nodes suprahyoid glands Wikipedia:Submental_lymph_nodes FMA:55716 maxillary secondary premolar tooth upper permanent premolar tooth permanent upper premolar tooth secondary upper premolar tooth UBERON:0016452 upper secondary premolar tooth maxillary secondary premolar tooth FMA:55716 upper permanent premolar tooth FMA:55716 permanent upper premolar tooth FMA:55716 secondary upper premolar tooth FMA:55716 FMA:55717 lower permanent premolar tooth mandibular secondary premolar tooth permanent lower premolar tooth UBERON:0016453 lower secondary premolar tooth lower permanent premolar tooth FMA:55717 mandibular secondary premolar tooth FMA:55717 permanent lower premolar tooth FMA:55717 FMA:55722 maxillary central permanent incisor tooth maxillary central secondary incisor tooth secondary upper first incisor tooth upper central permanent incisor tooth I1 permanent upper central incisor tooth UBERON:0016454 upper central secondary incisor tooth maxillary central secondary incisor tooth FMA:55722 upper central permanent incisor tooth FMA:55722 I1 permanent upper central incisor tooth FMA:55722 FMA:55724 maxillary lateral secondary incisor tooth secondary upper second incisor tooth upper lateral permanent incisor tooth I2 UBERON:0016455 upper lateral secondary incisor tooth https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/557 maxillary lateral secondary incisor tooth FMA:55724 upper lateral permanent incisor tooth FMA:55724 I2 An incisor tooth that is part of a primary dentition. FMA:84200 SCTID:51528000 deciduous incisor tooth temporary incisor tooth UBERON:0016476 primary incisor tooth An incisor tooth that is part of a primary dentition. OBOL:automatic deciduous incisor tooth FMA:84200 temporary incisor tooth FMA:84200 The zygomatic process of the maxilla (malar process) is a rough triangular eminence, situated at the angle of separation of the anterior, zygomatic, and orbital surfaces. In front it forms part of the anterior surface. Behind it is concave, and forms part of the infratemporal fossa. Above it is rough and serrated for articulation with the zygomatic bone. Below it presents the prominent arched border which marks the division between the anterior and infratemporal surfaces. malar process FMA:52895 SCTID:272684007 Wikipedia:Zygomatic_process_of_maxilla malar process of maxilla processus zygomaticus (maxilla) processus zygomaticus maxillae zygomaticoorbital process of maxilla zygomatic appendage of maxilla UBERON:0016477 zygomatic process of maxilla The zygomatic process of the maxilla (malar process) is a rough triangular eminence, situated at the angle of separation of the anterior, zygomatic, and orbital surfaces. In front it forms part of the anterior surface. Behind it is concave, and forms part of the infratemporal fossa. Above it is rough and serrated for articulation with the zygomatic bone. Below it presents the prominent arched border which marks the division between the anterior and infratemporal surfaces. Wikipedia:Zygomatic_process_of_maxilla malar process Wikipedia:Zygomatic_process_of_maxilla malar process of maxilla Wikipedia:Zygomatic_process_of_maxilla processus zygomaticus (maxilla) FMA:52895 processus zygomaticus maxillae FMA:52895 FMA:TA zygomaticoorbital process of maxilla FMA:52895 zygomatic appendage of maxilla FMA:52895 FMA:59820 SCTID:264053009 frenulum labii labial frenulum lip frenulum medial labial frenulum UBERON:0016910 frenulum of lip https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-female/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-f-mouth.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-male/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-m-mouth.glb lip frenulum FMA:59820 medial labial frenulum FMA:59820 A frenulum of lip that is part of a upper lip. FMA:59821 SCTID:264488001 f. labii superioris frenulum labii superioris upper lip frenulum UBERON:0016912 frenulum of upper lip https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-female/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-f-mouth.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-male/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-m-mouth.glb A frenulum of lip that is part of a upper lip. OBOL:automatic f. labii superioris frenulum labii superioris upper lip frenulum FMA:59821 A frenulum of lip that is part of a lower lip. FMA:59822 SCTID:277191003 Wikipedia:Frenulum_of_lower_lip frenulum labii inferioris lower lip frenulum f. labii inferioris frenulum labii inferioris UBERON:0016913 frenulum of lower lip https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-female/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-f-mouth.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-male/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-m-mouth.glb A frenulum of lip that is part of a lower lip. OBOL:automatic lower lip frenulum FMA:59822 f. labii inferioris Wikipedia:Frenulum_of_lower_lip frenulum labii inferioris Wikipedia:Frenulum_of_lower_lip A linear flat evelation on a tooth. SCTID:245699009 crista of tooth tooth ridge UBERON:0016930 ridge of tooth A linear flat evelation on a tooth. Wikipedia:Dental_anatomy#Ridges UBERON:4200143 LP lower premolar tooth mandibular premolar tooth UBERON:0016943 lower premolar tooth LP UBERON:4200144 UP maxillary premolar tooth upper premolar tooth UBERON:0016944 upper premolar tooth UP SCTID:422038004 permanent premolar tooth secondary premolar secondary bicuspid UBERON:0017270 secondary premolar tooth The portion of the teeth, occurring on the lingual or palatal aspects, that forms a convex protuberance at the cervical third of the anatomic crown. It represents the lingual or palatal developmental lobe of these teeth. FMA has no definition but places this generically with upper, lower, canine, incisor subclasses. Wiktionary states cingulum is lower jaw molar only, and cingulid is upper molar only FMA:56731 SCTID:245650005 Wikipedia:Cingulum_(tooth) cingulum (dentis) cingulum dentis tooth cingulum UBERON:0017295 cingulum of tooth The portion of the teeth, occurring on the lingual or palatal aspects, that forms a convex protuberance at the cervical third of the anatomic crown. It represents the lingual or palatal developmental lobe of these teeth. Wikipedia:Cingulum_(tooth) cingulum (dentis) FMA:56731 cingulum dentis FMA:56731 FMA:TA tooth cingulum FMA:56731 FMA:56733 incisor tooth cingulum UBERON:0017296 cingulum of incisor tooth incisor tooth cingulum FMA:56733 FMA:56734 canine tooth cingulum UBERON:0017297 cingulum of canine tooth canine tooth cingulum FMA:56734 FMA:56736 cingulum of maxillary incisor tooth upper incisor tooth cingulum UBERON:0017298 cingulum of upper incisor tooth cingulum of maxillary incisor tooth FMA:56736 upper incisor tooth cingulum FMA:56736 FMA:56737 cingulum of mandibular incisor tooth lower incisor tooth cingulum UBERON:0017299 cingulum of lower incisor tooth cingulum of mandibular incisor tooth FMA:56737 lower incisor tooth cingulum FMA:56737 FMA:56752 cingulum of maxillary canine tooth upper canine tooth cingulum UBERON:0017312 cingulum of upper canine tooth cingulum of maxillary canine tooth FMA:56752 upper canine tooth cingulum FMA:56752 FMA:56753 cingulum of mandibular canine tooth lower canine tooth cingulum UBERON:0017313 cingulum of lower canine tooth cingulum of mandibular canine tooth FMA:56753 lower canine tooth cingulum FMA:56753 A primary incisor tooth that is part of a lower jaw region. FMA:84215 SCTID:420793009 lower deciduous incisor tooth primary lower incisor tooth deciduous lower incisor tooth UBERON:0017748 lower primary incisor tooth A primary incisor tooth that is part of a lower jaw region. OBOL:automatic lower deciduous incisor tooth FMA:84215 deciduous lower incisor tooth FMA:84215 The thinner portion of the muscle of the palatopharyngeal arch, originating in the region of the midline where its fibers interdigitate with the contralateral partner, then passing posterior to the levator veli palatini muscle to join the longitudinal layer of pharyngeal musculature; acts as a sort of sphincter, reducing the caliber of the isthmus of fauces at the palatopharyngeal arch. FMA:46684 SCTID:244801005 fasciculus posterior (musculus palatopharyngeus) fasciculus posterior musculus palatopharyngei musculus sphincter palatopharyngeus palatopharyngeal sphincter velopharyngeal sphincter UBERON:0018103 posterior fascicle of palatopharyngeus The thinner portion of the muscle of the palatopharyngeal arch, originating in the region of the midline where its fibers interdigitate with the contralateral partner, then passing posterior to the levator veli palatini muscle to join the longitudinal layer of pharyngeal musculature; acts as a sort of sphincter, reducing the caliber of the isthmus of fauces at the palatopharyngeal arch. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/velopharyngeal+sphincter fasciculus posterior (musculus palatopharyngeus) FMA:46684 fasciculus posterior musculus palatopharyngei FMA:46684 FMA:TA musculus sphincter palatopharyngeus FMA:TA palatopharyngeal sphincter FMA:46684 velopharyngeal sphincter http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/velopharyngeal+sphincter Any organ component layer that consists of muscle tissue. NCITA class may refer to smooth muscle only FMA:45634 NCIT:C75444 UMLS:C0225358 UBERON:0018260 layer of muscle tissue Any organ component layer that consists of muscle tissue. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 NCITA class may refer to smooth muscle only NCIT Third molar (counting anteroposteriorly) in the lower jaw. Wikipedia:Wisdom_tooth lower wisdom tooth wisdom tooth UBERON:0018282 lower molar 3 Third molar (counting anteroposteriorly) in the lower jaw. PHENOSCAPE:alex wisdom tooth PHENOSCAPE:alex First premolar (counting anteroposteriorly ) in the lower jaw. UBERON:0018284 lower premolar 1 First premolar (counting anteroposteriorly ) in the lower jaw. PHENOSCAPE:alex Second premolar (counting anteroposteriorly ) in the lower jaw. UBERON:0018285 lower premolar 2 Second premolar (counting anteroposteriorly ) in the lower jaw. PHENOSCAPE:alex First premolar (counting anteroposteriorly) in the jaw. SCTID:422368002 first premolar tooth UBERON:0018294 premolar 1 First premolar (counting anteroposteriorly) in the jaw. PHENOSCAPE:alex First molar (counting anteroposteriorly) in the upper jaw. UBERON:0018302 upper molar 1 First molar (counting anteroposteriorly) in the upper jaw. PHENOSCAPE:Alex The molar tooth of the upper or lower jaw that is phylogenetically number 1. FMA:321614 SCTID:422372003 first molar tooth molar 1 molar 1 tooth UBERON:0018376 molar tooth 1 The molar tooth of the upper or lower jaw that is phylogenetically number 1. UBERON:cjm The molar tooth of the upper or lower jaw that is phylogenetically number 3. A wisdom tooth is in humans any of the usually four third molars, including mandibular third molar and maxillary third molar. Wisdom teeth usually appear between the ages of 17 and 25. Most adults have four wisdom teeth, but it is possible to have morebin which case they are called supernumerary teethbor fewerba condition called hypodontia. Wisdom teeth commonly affect other teeth as they develop, becoming impacted or 'coming in sideways'. They are often extracted when this occurs. FMA:321612 MESH:D008964 NCIT:C60732 SCTID:181222005 Wikipedia:Wisdom_tooth molar 3 molar 3 tooth third molar tooth wisdom tooth UBERON:0018377 molar tooth 3 The molar tooth of the upper or lower jaw that is phylogenetically number 3. UBERON:cjm A wisdom tooth is in humans any of the usually four third molars, including mandibular third molar and maxillary third molar. Wisdom teeth usually appear between the ages of 17 and 25. Most adults have four wisdom teeth, but it is possible to have morebin which case they are called supernumerary teethbor fewerba condition called hypodontia. Wisdom teeth commonly affect other teeth as they develop, becoming impacted or 'coming in sideways'. They are often extracted when this occurs. Wikipedia:Wisdom_tooth wisdom tooth NCBITaxon:9606 FMA:84201 SCTID:304571003 permanent incisor permanent incisor tooth UBERON:0018550 secondary incisor tooth permanent incisor tooth FMA:84201 primary central incisor primary first incisor tooth UBERON:0018553 primary central incisor tooth primary lateral incisor primary second incisor tooth UBERON:0018554 primary lateral incisor tooth A secondary canine tooth that is part of a upper jaw region. FMA:55714 maxillary secondary canine tooth upper permanent canine tooth C permanent upper canine tooth UBERON:0018561 upper secondary canine tooth A secondary canine tooth that is part of a upper jaw region. OBOL:automatic maxillary secondary canine tooth FMA:55714 upper permanent canine tooth FMA:55714 C permanent upper canine tooth FMA:55714 A secondary canine tooth that is part of a lower jaw region. FMA:55715 lower permanent canine tooth mandibular secondary canine tooth c permanent lower canine tooth UBERON:0018562 lower secondary canine tooth A secondary canine tooth that is part of a lower jaw region. OBOL:automatic lower permanent canine tooth FMA:55715 mandibular secondary canine tooth FMA:55715 c permanent lower canine tooth FMA:55715 A lower jaw incisor that is in_the_central_side_of a dentition. FMA:55723 lower central permanent incisor tooth mandibular central permanent incisor mandibular central secondary incisor tooth secondary lower first incisor tooth i1 UBERON:0018568 lower central secondary incisor tooth A lower jaw incisor that is in_the_central_side_of a dentition. OBOL:automatic lower central permanent incisor tooth FMA:55723 mandibular central secondary incisor tooth FMA:55723 i1 A lower jaw incisor that is in_the_lateral_side_of a dentition. FMA:55725 lower lateral permanent incisor tooth mandibular lateral permanent incisor mandibular lateral secondary incisor tooth secondary lower second incisor tooth i2 UBERON:0018570 lower lateral secondary incisor tooth A lower jaw incisor that is in_the_lateral_side_of a dentition. OBOL:automatic lower lateral permanent incisor tooth FMA:55725 mandibular lateral secondary incisor tooth FMA:55725 i2 TODO - tooth numbering nomeculature to be aligned across species FMA:55801 maxillary first secondary premolar tooth upper first permanent premolar tooth P1 permanent first upper premolar tooth secondary first upper premolar tooth UBERON:0018571 upper first secondary premolar tooth maxillary first secondary premolar tooth FMA:55801 upper first permanent premolar tooth FMA:55801 P1 permanent first upper premolar tooth FMA:55801 secondary first upper premolar tooth FMA:55801 TODO - tooth numbering nomeculature to be aligned across species FMA:55802 maxillary second secondary premolar tooth upper second permanent premolar tooth P2 permanent second upper premolar tooth secondary second upper premolar tooth UBERON:0018572 upper second secondary premolar tooth maxillary second secondary premolar tooth FMA:55802 upper second permanent premolar tooth FMA:55802 P2 permanent second upper premolar tooth FMA:55802 secondary second upper premolar tooth FMA:55802 TODO - tooth numbering nomeculature to be aligned across species FMA:55803 lower first permanent premolar tooth mandibular first secondary premolar tooth p1 permanent first lower premolar tooth secondary first lower premolar tooth UBERON:0018573 lower first secondary premolar tooth lower first permanent premolar tooth FMA:55803 mandibular first secondary premolar tooth FMA:55803 p1 permanent first lower premolar tooth FMA:55803 secondary first lower premolar tooth FMA:55803 TODO - tooth numbering nomeculature to be aligned across species FMA:55804 lower second permanent premolar tooth mandibular second secondary premolar tooth p2 permanent second lower premolar tooth secondary second lower premolar tooth UBERON:0018574 lower second secondary premolar tooth lower second permanent premolar tooth FMA:55804 mandibular second secondary premolar tooth FMA:55804 p2 permanent second lower premolar tooth FMA:55804 secondary second lower premolar tooth FMA:55804 TODO - tooth numbering nomeculature to be aligned across species FMA:55811 maxillary first secondary molar tooth upper first permanent molar tooth M1 UBERON:0018575 upper first secondary molar tooth maxillary first secondary molar tooth FMA:55811 upper first permanent molar tooth FMA:55811 M1 TODO - tooth numbering nomeculature to be aligned across species FMA:55812 maxillary second secondary molar tooth upper second permanent tooth M2 UBERON:0018576 upper second secondary molar tooth maxillary second secondary molar tooth FMA:55812 upper second permanent tooth FMA:55812 M2 TODO - tooth numbering nomeculature to be aligned across species FMA:55813 dens serotinus (upper) maxillary third secondary molar tooth upper third permanent molar tooth upper wisdom tooth M3 permanent third upper molar tooth secondary third upper molar tooth UBERON:0018577 upper third secondary molar tooth dens serotinus (upper) FMA:55813 FMA:TA maxillary third secondary molar tooth FMA:55813 upper third permanent molar tooth FMA:55813 upper wisdom tooth FMA:55813 M3 permanent third upper molar tooth FMA:55813 secondary third upper molar tooth FMA:55813 TODO - tooth numbering nomeculature to be aligned across species FMA:55814 lower first permanent molar tooth mandibular first secondary molar tooth m1 UBERON:0018578 lower first secondary molar tooth lower first permanent molar tooth FMA:55814 mandibular first secondary molar tooth FMA:55814 m1 TODO - tooth numbering nomeculature to be aligned across species FMA:55815 lower second permanent molar tooth lower secondary molar 2 mandibular second secondary molar tooth m2 UBERON:0018579 lower second secondary molar tooth lower second permanent molar tooth FMA:55815 mandibular second secondary molar tooth FMA:55815 m2 TODO - tooth numbering nomeculature to be aligned across species FMA:55817 lower secondary molar 3 lower third permanent molar tooth lower wisdom tooth mandibular third secondary molar tooth m3 secondary third lower molar tooth UBERON:0018580 lower third secondary molar tooth lower third permanent molar tooth FMA:55817 lower wisdom tooth FMA:55817 mandibular third secondary molar tooth FMA:55817 m3 secondary third lower molar tooth FMA:55817 FMA:84202 SCTID:15819002 deciduous canine tooth primary tooth C temporary canine tooth UBERON:0018583 primary canine tooth deciduous canine tooth FMA:84202 primary tooth C FMA:84202 temporary canine tooth FMA:84202 FMA:84203 SCTID:134340007 permanent canine tooth UBERON:0018584 secondary canine tooth permanent canine tooth FMA:84203 TODO - tooth numbering nomeculature to be aligned across species FMA:84211 upper first deciduous molar tooth upper primary tooth D dM1 UBERON:0018588 upper first primary molar tooth upper first deciduous molar tooth FMA:84211 upper primary tooth D FMA:84211 dM1 TODO - tooth numbering nomeculature to be aligned across species FMA:84212 lower first deciduous molar tooth lower primary molar 1 lower primary tooth D dm1 UBERON:0018589 lower first primary molar tooth lower first deciduous molar tooth FMA:84212 lower primary tooth D FMA:84212 dm1 A primary incisor tooth that is part of a upper jaw region. FMA:84214 upper deciduous incisor tooth deciduous upper incisor tooth UBERON:0018591 upper primary incisor tooth A primary incisor tooth that is part of a upper jaw region. OBOL:automatic upper deciduous incisor tooth FMA:84214 deciduous upper incisor tooth FMA:84214 A upper primary canine tooth that is in_the_central_side_of a dentition. FMA:84216 primary upper first incisor tooth upper central deciduous incisor tooth upper primary tooth A dI1 UBERON:0018593 upper central primary incisor tooth A upper primary canine tooth that is in_the_central_side_of a dentition. OBOL:automatic upper central deciduous incisor tooth FMA:84216 upper primary tooth A FMA:84216 dI1 A upper primary canine tooth that is in_the_lateral_side_of a dentition. FMA:84217 primary upper second incisor tooth upper lateral deciduous incisor tooth upper primary tooth B dI2 UBERON:0018594 upper lateral primary incisor tooth A upper primary canine tooth that is in_the_lateral_side_of a dentition. OBOL:automatic upper lateral deciduous incisor tooth FMA:84217 upper primary tooth B FMA:84217 dI2 A lower primary incisor tooth that is in_the_central_side_of a dentition. FMA:84218 lower central deciduous incisor tooth lower primary tooth A deciduous lower central incisor tooth di1 UBERON:0018595 lower central primary incisor tooth A lower primary incisor tooth that is in_the_central_side_of a dentition. OBOL:automatic lower central deciduous incisor tooth FMA:84218 lower primary tooth A FMA:84218 deciduous lower central incisor tooth FMA:84218 di1 A lower primary incisor tooth that is in_the_lateral_side_of a dentition. FMA:84219 lower lateral deciduous incisor tooth lower primary tooth B mandibular lateral primary incisor deciduous lower lateral incisor tooth di2 UBERON:0018596 lower lateral primary incisor tooth A lower primary incisor tooth that is in_the_lateral_side_of a dentition. OBOL:automatic lower lateral deciduous incisor tooth FMA:84219 lower primary tooth B FMA:84219 deciduous lower lateral incisor tooth FMA:84219 di2 A primary canine tooth that is part of a upper jaw region. FMA:84228 SCTID:421810006 upper deciduous canine tooth upper primary tooth C dC deciduous upper canine tooth UBERON:0018597 upper primary canine tooth A primary canine tooth that is part of a upper jaw region. OBOL:automatic upper deciduous canine tooth FMA:84228 upper primary tooth C FMA:84228 dC deciduous upper canine tooth FMA:84228 A primary canine tooth that is part of a lower jaw region. FMA:84229 SCTID:420326009 lower deciduous canine tooth lower primary tooth C primary lower canine tooth dc deciduous lower canine tooth UBERON:0018598 lower primary canine tooth A primary canine tooth that is part of a lower jaw region. OBOL:automatic lower deciduous canine tooth FMA:84229 lower primary tooth C FMA:84229 dc deciduous lower canine tooth FMA:84229 TODO - tooth numbering nomeculature to be aligned across species FMA:84236 upper primary tooth E upper second deciduous molar tooth dM2 UBERON:0018599 upper second primary molar tooth upper primary tooth E FMA:84236 upper second deciduous molar tooth FMA:84236 dM2 TODO - tooth numbering nomeculature to be aligned across species FMA:84237 lower primary tooth E lower second deciduous molar tooth dm2 UBERON:0018600 lower second primary molar tooth lower primary tooth E FMA:84237 lower second deciduous molar tooth FMA:84237 dm2 An incisor tooth that is in_the_central_side_of a dentition and is part of a lower jaw region. FMA:290182 lower central incisor lower first incisor tooth mandibular central incisor UBERON:0018601 lower central incisor tooth An incisor tooth that is in_the_central_side_of a dentition and is part of a lower jaw region. OBOL:automatic An incisor tooth that is in_the_lateral_side_of a dentition and is part of a lower jaw region. FMA:290197 lower lateral incisor lower second incisor tooth mandibular lateral incisor UBERON:0018602 lower lateral incisor tooth An incisor tooth that is in_the_lateral_side_of a dentition and is part of a lower jaw region. OBOL:automatic An incisor tooth that is in_the_central_side_of a dentition and is part of a upper jaw region. FMA:290180 maxillary central incisor upper central incisor upper first incisor tooth UBERON:0018603 upper central incisor tooth An incisor tooth that is in_the_central_side_of a dentition and is part of a upper jaw region. OBOL:automatic An incisor tooth that is in_the_lateral_side_of a dentition and is part of a upper jaw region. FMA:290194 maxillary lateral incisor upper lateral incisor upper second incisor tooth UBERON:0018604 upper lateral incisor tooth An incisor tooth that is in_the_lateral_side_of a dentition and is part of a upper jaw region. OBOL:automatic The molar tooth of the upper or lower jaw that is phylogenetically number 2. FMA:321613 SCTID:422374002 molar 2 molar 2 tooth second molar tooth UBERON:0018606 molar tooth 2 The molar tooth of the upper or lower jaw that is phylogenetically number 2. UBERON:cjm SCTID:420479003 permanent second molar tooth second permanent molar second permanent molar tooth secondary second molar tooth UBERON:0018607 permanent molar tooth 2 SCTID:304565009 first permanent molar first permanent molar tooth permanent first molar tooth UBERON:0018608 permanent molar tooth 1 SCTID:245564000 permanent upper tooth UBERON:0018613 secondary upper tooth SCTID:245588003 secondary lower tooth UBERON:0018614 permanent lower tooth SCTID:245613009 deciduous upper tooth UBERON:0018616 primary upper tooth SCTID:245628009 deciduous lower tooth UBERON:0018617 primary lower tooth maxillary canine tooth upper canine upper cuspid UBERON:0018621 upper canine tooth lower canine lower cuspid mandibular canine tooth UBERON:0018622 lower canine tooth FMA:55713 lower permanent incisor tooth mandibular secondary incisor tooth permanent lower incisor tooth UBERON:0018623 lower secondary incisor tooth lower permanent incisor tooth FMA:55713 mandibular secondary incisor tooth FMA:55713 permanent lower incisor tooth FMA:55713 SCTID:422370006 second premolar tooth UBERON:0018640 premolar 2 SCTID:422595006 deciduous second molar tooth UBERON:0018643 deciduous molar tooth 2 SCTID:423890001 deciduous first molar tooth deciduous molar 1 first temporarary molar UBERON:0018644 deciduous molar tooth 1 The neck region of a bone organ. bone neck neck of bone UBERON:0018664 neck of bone element The neck region of a bone organ. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 FMA:55712 maxillary secondary incisor tooth upper permanent incisor upper permanent incisor tooth UBERON:0019253 upper secondary incisor tooth maxillary secondary incisor tooth FMA:55712 upper permanent incisor tooth FMA:55712 EMAPA:35952 MA:0003174 UBERON:0019304 sensory organ epithelium A part of an organism or organ that is continuous with its surroundings and distinguished from its surroundings based on morphology. UBERON:0034768 morphological feature A part of an organism or organ that is continuous with its surroundings and distinguished from its surroundings based on morphology. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An multicellular anatomical structure that has subparts of multiple organs as a part. CARO:0020001 anatomical cluster UBERON:0034921 multi organ part structure An multicellular anatomical structure that has subparts of multiple organs as a part. CARO:0020001 anatomical cluster CARO:0020001 Material anatomical entity consisting of multiple anatomical structures that are not connected to each other. CARO:0020000 FBbt:00007276 UBERON:0034923 disconnected anatomical group Material anatomical entity consisting of multiple anatomical structures that are not connected to each other. CARO:0020000 FBbt:00007276 A collection of anatomical structures that are alike in terms of their morphology or developmental origin. resolve if this should be a subclass of disconnected anatomical group. Some collections (e.g. the skeleton or skull) are arguably connected UBERON:0034925 anatomical collection A collection of anatomical structures that are alike in terms of their morphology or developmental origin. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An anatomical collection that is arranged in a line. resolve if this should be a subclass of or merged with aligned anatomical group. FBbt:00100152 UBERON:0034926 anatomical row An anatomical collection that is arranged in a line. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 FBbt:00100152 Any organ component layer that consists of smooth muscle tissue. UBERON:0034933 layer of smooth muscle tissue Any organ component layer that consists of smooth muscle tissue. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 FMA:55268 organ sector organ zonal region organ zone organ region with floating fiat boundary UBERON:0034944 zone of organ organ sector FMA:55268 organ zone FMA:55268 organ region with floating fiat boundary FMA:55268 A lymph node located in the back of the head adjacent to the trapezius muscle. FMA:61214 NCIT:C98188 SCTID:245326003 UMLS:C0229711 Wikipedia:Occipital_lymph_nodes occipital node UBERON:0035204 occipital lymph node A lymph node located in the back of the head adjacent to the trapezius muscle. ncithesaurus:Occipital_Lymph_Node occipital node FMA:61214 The mucous membrane apical to the attached gingiva. BTO:0004046 FMA:289360 UBERON:0035967 alveolar mucosa The mucous membrane apical to the attached gingiva. BTO:0004046 http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/ A transudate found in the serous sac. serous fluid FMA:20932 serous sac fluid UBERON:0036244 secretion of serous membrane A transudate found in the serous sac. FMA:20932 serous fluid FMA:20932 A small fold of mucous membrane in the mouth, connecting either the tongue or the lip to the mouth mucosa. frenulum SCTID:303771008 oral frenula oral frenulum oral frenum UBERON:0036293 oral frenulum A small fold of mucous membrane in the mouth, connecting either the tongue or the lip to the mouth mucosa. UBERON:cjm https://github.com/obophenotype/human-phenotype-ontology/issues/3336 oral frenula HP:0000190 oral frenulum HP:0000190 A mucosa that is part of a lip region [Automatically generated definition]. NCIT:C12226 labial mucosa UBERON:0036294 mucosa of lip A mucosa that is part of a lip region [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic labial mucosa UBERON:cjm FMA:224626 UBERON:0037722 right retropharyngeal lymph node FMA:224628 UBERON:0037723 left retropharyngeal lymph node FMA:232351 UBERON:0037763 lateral superior deep cervical lymph node FMA:232355 UBERON:0037764 anterior superior deep cervical lymph node FMA:232358 UBERON:0037765 lateral inferior deep cervical lymph node FMA:232361 UBERON:0037766 anterior inferior deep cervical lymph node FMA:232552 UBERON:0037787 right occipital lymph node FMA:232554 UBERON:0037788 left occipital lymph node FMA:234376 UBERON:0037995 supramandibular lymph node FMA:5953 cervical paratracheal lymph node nodus paratracheale lymphaticus paratracheal node tracheal lymph node UBERON:0038894 paratracheal lymph node cervical paratracheal lymph node FMA:5953 nodus paratracheale lymphaticus FMA:5953 paratracheal node FMA:5953 tracheal lymph node FMA:5953 FMA:61223 buccinator node nodus buccinatorius nodus lymphoideus buccinatorius UBERON:0038920 buccinator lymph node buccinator node FMA:61223 nodus buccinatorius FMA:TA nodus lymphoideus buccinatorius FMA:TA FMA:61225 nasolabial node nodus lymphoideus nasolabialis nodus nasolabialis UBERON:0038922 nasolabial lymph node nasolabial node FMA:61225 nodus lymphoideus nasolabialis FMA:TA nodus nasolabialis FMA:TA FMA:61226 malar node nodus lymphoideus malaris nodus malaris UBERON:0038923 malar lymph node malar node FMA:61226 nodus lymphoideus malaris FMA:TA nodus malaris FMA:TA FMA:61228 UBERON:0038925 lingual lymph node FMA:61233 infrahyoid node UBERON:0038929 infrahyoid lymph node infrahyoid node FMA:61233 FMA:61234 prelaryngeal node UBERON:0038930 prelaryngeal lymph node prelaryngeal node FMA:61234 FMA:61235 thyroid node UBERON:0038931 thyroid lymph node thyroid node FMA:61235 FMA:61236 pretracheal node UBERON:0038932 pretracheal lymph node pretracheal node FMA:61236 FMA:61238 UBERON:0038934 superior deep lateral cervical lymph node FMA:61239 UBERON:0038935 inferior deep lateral cervical lymph node FMA:61240 jugulodigastric node nodus jugulodigastricus nodus lymphoideus jugulodigastricus UBERON:0038936 jugulodigastric lymph node jugulodigastric node FMA:61240 nodus jugulodigastricus FMA:TA nodus lymphoideus jugulodigastricus FMA:TA Tooth that is attached to the premaxilla. This class was sourced from an external ontology (teleost_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon UBERON:2001626 premaxillary tooth Tooth that is attached to the premaxilla. TAO:wd This class was sourced from an external ontology (teleost_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/tao.owl Skeletal tissue that is mineralized. mineralized tissue VSAO:0000013 XAO:0004039 UBERON:4000013 mineralized skeletal tissue Skeletal tissue that is mineralized. XAO:0004039 XAO:EJS mineralized tissue VSAO:0000013 Anatomical projection that is composed of bone or cartilage tissue. UBERON:4100000 skeletal element projection Anatomical projection that is composed of bone or cartilage tissue. PHENOSCAPE A upper third secondary molar tooth that is in the right side of the upper jaw region. 1 2022-11-13T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 1 FDI tooth 18 right upper third secondary molar tooth right upper third secondary molar tooth right upper third secondary molar tooth FMA:55696 A upper second secondary molar tooth that is in the right side of the upper jaw region. 2 2022-11-13T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 2 FDI tooth 17 right upper second secondary molar tooth right upper second secondary molar tooth right upper second secondary molar tooth FMA:55697 A upper first secondary molar tooth that is in the right side of the upper jaw region. 3 2022-11-13T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 3 FDI tooth 16 right upper first secondary molar tooth right upper first secondary molar tooth right upper first secondary molar tooth FMA:55698 A upper second secondary premolar tooth that is in the right side of the upper jaw region. 4 2022-11-13T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 4 FDI tooth 15 right upper second secondary premolar tooth right upper second secondary premolar tooth right upper second secondary premolar tooth FMA:55688 A upper first secondary premolar tooth that is in the right side of the upper jaw region. 5 2022-11-13T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 5 FDI tooth 14 right upper first secondary premolar tooth right upper first secondary premolar tooth right upper first secondary premolar tooth FMA:55689 A upper secondary canine tooth that is in the right side of the upper jaw region. 6 2022-11-13T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 6 FDI tooth 13 right upper secondary canine tooth right upper secondary canine tooth right upper secondary canine tooth FMA:55798 A upper lateral secondary incisor tooth that is in the right side of the upper jaw region. 7 2022-11-13T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 7 FDI tooth 12 right upper lateral secondary incisor tooth right upper lateral secondary incisor tooth right upper lateral secondary incisor tooth FMA:55680 A upper central secondary incisor tooth that is in the right side of the upper jaw region. 8 2022-11-13T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 8 FDI tooth 11 right upper central secondary incisor tooth right upper central secondary incisor tooth right upper central secondary incisor tooth FMA:55681 A lower third secondary molar tooth that is in the right side of the lower jaw region. 32 2022-11-13T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 32 FDI tooth 48 right lower third secondary molar tooth right lower third secondary molar tooth right lower third secondary molar tooth FMA:55707 A lower second secondary molar tooth that is in the right side of the lower jaw region. 31 2022-11-13T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 31 FDI tooth 47 right lower second secondary molar tooth right lower second secondary molar tooth right lower second secondary molar tooth FMA:55706 A lower first secondary molar tooth that is in the right side of the lower jaw region. 30 2022-11-13T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 30 FDI tooth 46 right lower first secondary molar tooth right lower first secondary molar tooth right lower first secondary molar tooth FMA:55705 A lower second secondary premolar tooth that is in the right side of the lower jaw region. 29 2022-11-13T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 29 FDI tooth 45 right lower second secondary premolar tooth right lower second secondary premolar tooth right lower second secondary premolar tooth FMA:55695 A lower first secondary premolar tooth that is in the right side of the lower jaw region. 28 2022-11-13T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 28 FDI tooth 44 right lower first secondary premolar tooth right lower first secondary premolar tooth right lower first secondary premolar tooth FMA:55694 A lower secondary canine tooth that is in the right side of the lower jaw region. 27 2022-11-13T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 27 FDI tooth 43 right lower secondary canine tooth right lower secondary canine tooth right lower secondary canine tooth FMA:55686 A lower lateral secondary incisor tooth that is in the right side of the lower jaw region. 26 2022-11-13T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 26 FDI tooth 42 right lower lateral secondary incisor tooth right lower lateral secondary incisor tooth right lower lateral secondary incisor tooth FMA:57140 A lower central secondary incisor tooth that is in the right side of the lower jaw region. 25 2022-11-13T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 25 FDI tooth 41 right lower central secondary incisor tooth right lower central secondary incisor tooth right lower central secondary incisor tooth FMA:57142 A upper second primary molar tooth that is in the right side of the upper jaw region. A 2022-11-13T00:00:00Z ADA tooth A FDI tooth 55 right upper second primary molar tooth right upper second primary molar tooth right upper second primary molar tooth FMA:84240 A upper first primary molar tooth that is in the right side of the upper jaw region. B 2022-11-13T00:00:00Z ADA tooth B FDI tooth 54 right upper first primary molar tooth right upper first primary molar tooth right upper first primary molar tooth FMA:84238 A upper primary canine tooth that is in the right side of the upper jaw region. C 2022-11-13T00:00:00Z ADA tooth C FDI tooth 53 right upper primary canine tooth right upper primary canine tooth right upper primary canine tooth FMA:84230 A upper lateral primary incisor tooth that is in the right side of the upper jaw region. D 2022-11-13T00:00:00Z ADA tooth D FDI tooth 52 right upper lateral primary incisor tooth right upper lateral primary incisor tooth right upper lateral primary incisor tooth FMA:84222 A upper central primary incisor tooth that is in the right side of the upper jaw region. E 2022-11-13T00:00:00Z ADA tooth E FDI tooth 51 right upper central primary incisor tooth right upper central primary incisor tooth right upper central primary incisor tooth FMA:84220 A lower second primary molar tooth that is in the right side of the lower jaw region. T 2022-11-13T00:00:00Z ADA tooth T FDI tooth 85 right lower second primary molar tooth right lower second primary molar tooth right lower second primary molar tooth FMA:84244 A lower first primary molar tooth that is in the right side of the lower jaw region. S 2022-11-13T00:00:00Z ADA tooth S FDI tooth 84 right lower first primary molar tooth right lower first primary molar tooth right lower first primary molar tooth FMA:84242 A lower primary canine tooth that is in the right side of the lower jaw region. R 2022-11-13T00:00:00Z ADA tooth R FDI tooth 83 right lower primary canine tooth right lower primary canine tooth right lower primary canine tooth FMA:84232 A lower lateral primary incisor tooth that is in the right side of the lower jaw region. Q 2022-11-13T00:00:00Z ADA tooth Q FDI tooth 82 right lower lateral primary incisor tooth right lower lateral primary incisor tooth right lower lateral primary incisor tooth FMA:84226 A lower central primary incisor tooth that is in the right side of the lower jaw region. P 2022-11-13T00:00:00Z ADA tooth P FDI tooth 81 right lower central primary incisor tooth right lower central primary incisor tooth right lower central primary incisor tooth FMA:84224 A upper third secondary molar tooth that is in the left side of the upper jaw region. 16 2022-11-18T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 16 FDI tooth 28 left upper third secondary molar tooth left upper third secondary molar tooth left upper third secondary molar tooth FMA:55701 A upper second secondary molar tooth that is in the left side of the upper jaw region. 15 2022-11-18T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 15 FDI tooth 27 left upper second secondary molar tooth left upper second secondary molar tooth left upper second secondary molar tooth FMA:55700 A upper first secondary molar tooth that is in the left side of the upper jaw region. 14 2022-11-18T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 14 FDI tooth 26 left upper first secondary molar tooth left upper first secondary molar tooth left upper first secondary molar tooth FMA:55699 A upper second secondary premolar tooth that is in the left side of the upper jaw region. 13 2022-11-18T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 13 FDI tooth 25 left upper second secondary premolar tooth left upper second secondary premolar tooth left upper second secondary premolar tooth FMA:55691 A upper first secondary premolar tooth that is in the left side of the upper jaw region. 12 2022-11-18T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 12 FDI tooth 24 left upper first secondary premolar tooth left upper first secondary premolar tooth left upper first secondary premolar tooth FMA:55690 A upper secondary canine tooth that is in the left side of the upper jaw region. 11 2022-11-18T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 11 FDI tooth 23 left upper secondary canine tooth left upper secondary canine tooth left upper secondary canine tooth FMA:55799 A upper lateral secondary incisor tooth that is in the left side of the upper jaw region. 10 2022-11-18T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 10 FDI tooth 22 left upper lateral secondary incisor tooth left upper lateral secondary incisor tooth left upper lateral secondary incisor tooth FMA:55683 A upper central secondary incisor tooth that is in the left side of the upper jaw region. 9 2022-11-18T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 9 FDI tooth 21 left upper central secondary incisor tooth left upper central secondary incisor tooth left upper central secondary incisor tooth FMA:55682 A lower third secondary molar tooth that is in the left side of the lower jaw region. 17 2022-11-18T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 17 FDI tooth 38 left lower third secondary molar tooth left lower third secondary molar tooth left lower third secondary molar tooth FMA:55702 A lower second secondary molar tooth that is in the left side of the lower jaw region. 18 2022-11-18T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 18 FDI tooth 37 left lower second secondary molar tooth left lower second secondary molar tooth left lower second secondary molar tooth FMA:55703 A lower first secondary molar tooth that is in the left side of the lower jaw region. 19 2022-11-18T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 19 FDI tooth 36 left lower first secondary molar tooth left lower first secondary molar tooth left lower first secondary molar tooth FMA:55704 A lower second secondary premolar tooth that is in the left side of the lower jaw region. 20 2022-11-18T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 20 FDI tooth 35 left lower second secondary premolar tooth left lower second secondary premolar tooth left lower second secondary premolar tooth FMA:55692 A lower first secondary premolar tooth that is in the left side of the lower jaw region. 21 2022-11-18T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 21 FDI tooth 34 left lower first secondary premolar tooth left lower first secondary premolar tooth left lower first secondary premolar tooth FMA:55693 A lower secondary canine tooth that is in the left side of the lower jaw region. 22 2022-11-18T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 22 FDI tooth 33 left lower secondary canine tooth left lower secondary canine tooth left lower secondary canine tooth FMA:55687 A lower lateral secondary incisor tooth that is in the left side of the lower jaw region. 23 2022-11-18T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 23 FDI tooth 32 left lower lateral secondary incisor tooth left lower lateral secondary incisor tooth left lower lateral secondary incisor tooth FMA:57141 A lower central secondary incisor tooth that is in the left side of the lower jaw region. 24 2022-11-18T00:00:00Z ADA tooth 24 FDI tooth 31 left lower central secondary incisor tooth left lower central secondary incisor tooth left lower central secondary incisor tooth FMA:57143 A upper second primary molar tooth that is in the left side of the upper jaw region. J 2022-11-18T00:00:00Z ADA tooth J FDI tooth 65 left upper second primary molar tooth left upper second primary molar tooth left upper second primary molar tooth FMA:84241 A upper first primary molar tooth that is in the left side of the upper jaw region. I 2022-11-18T00:00:00Z ADA tooth I FDI tooth 64 left upper first primary molar tooth left upper first primary molar tooth left upper first primary molar tooth FMA:84239 A upper primary canine tooth that is in the left side of the upper jaw region. H 2022-11-18T00:00:00Z ADA tooth H FDI tooth 63 left upper primary canine tooth left upper primary canine tooth left upper primary canine tooth FMA:84231 A upper lateral primary incisor tooth that is in the left side of the upper jaw region. G 2022-11-18T00:00:00Z ADA tooth G FDI tooth 62 left upper lateral primary incisor tooth left upper lateral primary incisor tooth left upper lateral primary incisor tooth FMA:84223 A upper central primary incisor tooth that is in the left side of the upper jaw region. F 2022-11-18T00:00:00Z ADA tooth F FDI tooth 61 left upper central primary incisor tooth left upper central primary incisor tooth left upper central primary incisor tooth FMA:84221 A lower second primary molar tooth that is in the left side of the lower jaw region. K 2022-11-18T00:00:00Z ADA tooth K FDI tooth 75 left lower second primary molar tooth left lower second primary molar tooth left lower second primary molar tooth FMA:84245 A lower first primary molar tooth that is in the left side of the lower jaw region. L 2022-11-18T00:00:00Z ADA tooth L FDI tooth 74 left lower first primary molar tooth left lower first primary molar tooth left lower first primary molar tooth FMA:84243 A lower primary canine tooth that is in the left side of the lower jaw region. M 2022-11-18T00:00:00Z ADA tooth M FDI tooth 73 left lower primary canine tooth left lower primary canine tooth left lower primary canine tooth FMA:84233 A lower lateral primary incisor tooth that is in the left side of the lower jaw region. N 2022-11-18T00:00:00Z ADA tooth N FDI tooth 72 left lower lateral primary incisor tooth left lower lateral primary incisor tooth left lower lateral primary incisor tooth FMA:84227 A lower central primary incisor tooth that is in the left side of the lower jaw region. O 2022-11-18T00:00:00Z ADA tooth O FDI tooth 71 left lower central primary incisor tooth left lower central primary incisor tooth left lower central primary incisor tooth FMA:84225 A tooth surface structure that is oriented away from the median plane of the dental arch or oral cavity. 2025-07-24T08:20:48Z UBERON:8600141 distal surface of tooth A tooth surface structure that is oriented away from the median plane of the dental arch or oral cavity. https://dentaleducationhub.com/surfaces-of-the-teeth/ https://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem-FDI-surface.html A tooth surface structure that forms the cutting edge of an incisor or canine tooth. It functions to shear or incise food during biting. 2025-07-24T08:20:48Z UBERON:8600142 incisal surface of tooth A tooth surface structure that forms the cutting edge of an incisor or canine tooth. It functions to shear or incise food during biting. https://dentaleducationhub.com/surfaces-of-the-teeth/ https://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem-FDI-surface.html A tooth surface structure that faces the lips. 2025-07-24T08:20:48Z facial surface of tooth UBERON:8600143 Tooth surfaces are typically abbreviated using their initial letters. To avoid confusion between 'L' for lingual and labial surfaces, the letter 'F' (for facial surface) is commonly used to refer to the labial surface. labial surface of tooth A tooth surface structure that faces the lips. https://dentaleducationhub.com/surfaces-of-the-teeth/ Tooth surfaces are typically abbreviated using their initial letters. To avoid confusion between 'L' for lingual and labial surfaces, the letter 'F' (for facial surface) is commonly used to refer to the labial surface. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-1899 A tooth surface structure that faces the tongue or its anatomical equivalent. 2025-07-24T08:20:48Z UBERON:8600144 lingual surface of tooth A tooth surface structure that faces the tongue or its anatomical equivalent. https://dentaleducationhub.com/surfaces-of-the-teeth/ https://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem-FDI-surface.html A tooth surface structure that is oriented toward the median plane of the dental arch. 2025-07-24T08:20:48Z UBERON:8600145 mesial surface of tooth A tooth surface structure that is oriented toward the median plane of the dental arch. https://dentaleducationhub.com/surfaces-of-the-teeth/ https://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem-FDI-surface.html A tooth surface structure that is oriented toward the buccal mucosa (i.e., the inner lining of the cheek). 2025-07-24T08:20:48Z UBERON:8600146 buccal surface of tooth A tooth surface structure that is oriented toward the buccal mucosa (i.e., the inner lining of the cheek). https://dentaleducationhub.com/surfaces-of-the-teeth/ https://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem-FDI-surface.html A tooth surface structure that is oriented toward the lips or cheeks. 2025-07-24T08:20:48Z UBERON:8600147 facial surface of tooth A tooth surface structure that is oriented toward the lips or cheeks. https://dentaleducationhub.com/surfaces-of-the-teeth/ A surface structure that is part of a calcareous tooth. 2025-08-05T09:28:57Z tooth surface UBERON:8600148 tooth surface structure A surface structure that is part of a calcareous tooth. PMID:32491475 tooth surface PMID:32071532 A tooth surface structure that forms the chewing edge of premolar or molar tooth. It functions to chew or grind food during biting. 2025-08-29T11:00:00Z occlusal surface chewing surface masticatory surface UBERON:8600149 occlusal surface of tooth A tooth surface structure that forms the chewing edge of premolar or molar tooth. It functions to chew or grind food during biting. https://dentaleducationhub.com/surfaces-of-the-teeth/ https://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem-FDI-surface.html occlusal surface https://dentaleducationhub.com/surfaces-of-the-teeth/ obsolete class example to be eventually removed example to be eventually removed failed exploratory term The term was initially used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology, but in retrospect failed to do a good job. The term was used used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job Terms created as placeholders with the expectation of being permanent should instead be deprecated using the "placeholder removed" (obo:IAO_0000226) justification. Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg failed exploratory term metadata complete Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete. metadata complete organizational term The term was created to ease viewing/sorting terms for development purposes, but will not be included in a release. term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release organizational term ready for release Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release." ready for release metadata incomplete Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors. metadata incomplete uncurated Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term. uncurated pending final vetting All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor. pending final vetting placeholder removed The term was created to temporarily stand in for a semantic purpose, but is no longer needed, typically due to another permanent term being defined. This reason is appropriate for a temporary term even if no permanent term is defined; for example if the need for the term no longer exists. If a permanent (replacement) term is defined, the deprecated term should reference the replacement with IAO:0100001. If no replacement is defined, it may be appropriate to reference alternative terms with oboInOwl:consider. placeholder removed terms merged The term has been combined with one or more other terms to create a more encompassing (merged) term. An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge. The deprecated term should reference the merged term with obo:IAO_0100001. The replacement term should reference the original terms as sources using obo:RO_0001000 (derives_from). An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge. terms merged term imported The term has been replaced by a term imported from another ontology. This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. An editor note should indicate what is the URI of the new term to use. This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. The deprecated term should reference the imported term with obo:IAO_0100001. term imported term split The term has been split into two or more new terms. This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split and indicate the URIs of the new terms created. This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split. The deprecated term should reference the replacement terms with obo:IAO_0100001. term split universal Hard to give a definition for. Intuitively a "natural kind" rather than a collection of any old things, which a class is able to be, formally. At the meta level, universals are defined as positives, are disjoint with their siblings, have single asserted parents. Hard to give a definition for. Intuitively a "natural kind" rather than a collection of any old things, which a class is able to be, formally. At the meta level, universals are defined as positives, are disjoint with their siblings, have single asserted parents. Alan Ruttenberg Alan Ruttenberg A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/SQU.pdf A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/SQU.pdf universal universal defined class A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal "definitions", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal. "definitions", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal. A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal Alan Ruttenberg Alan Ruttenberg defined class defined class named class expression A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression. A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression. named class expressions are used in order to have more concise logical definition but their extensions may not be interesting classes on their own. In languages such as OWL, with no provisions for macros, these show up as actuall classes. Tools may with to not show them as such, and to replace uses of the macros with their expansions named class expressions are used in order to have more concise logical definition but their extensions may not be interesting classes on their own. In languages such as OWL, with no provisions for macros, these show up as actuall classes. Tools may with to not show them as such, and to replace uses of the macros with their expansions Alan Ruttenberg Alan Ruttenberg named class expression named class expression to be replaced with external ontology term Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI to be replaced with external ontology term requires discussion A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI requires discussion 1 1 Bill Duncan: This individual is needed so that the organization identifier, missing tooth number, and missing tooth root number annotations/data properties are not removed when the inferred axioms are export using the HermiT reasoner. I have no idea why this happening... test organization http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-1899 2017-11-09T22:32:52Z missing tooth example The term was added to the ontology on the assumption it was in scope, but it turned out later that it was not. This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. Typical valid examples in disease ontologies are: unnecessary class grouping; mistaked creation of a disease associated to a phenotype. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/77 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 out of scope The term was added to the ontology on the assumption it was a valid domain entity, but it turns out the entity does not exist in reality. This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. For example: Obsoleting class that describes a breed of cow based on a record in an existing database, that was later retracted as faulty (breed does not exist). Do not use this term to obsolete a historic concept (that was once valid, but not anymore). https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/136 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4142-7153 domain entity does not exist Damayanthi Jesudas Matthew Diller Nivedita Dutta (Chowdhury) Bill Duncan Bill Duncan Alexander D. Diehl Alan Ruttenberg Titus Schleyer Finn Wilson Ava E. Cunningham Ram A.N.R. Challa Gopikrishnan M Chandrasekharan Gopikrishnan M Chandrasekharan Elena Milivinti glass ionomer types (e.g., type i, ii, iii) are not standardized true glass ionomer types (e.g., type i, ii, iii) are not standardized true glass ionomer types (e.g., type i, ii, iii) are not standardized true