Alan Ruttenberg Bill Duncan Amit Acharya Carlo Torniai Dan Caplan Mei Song Melissa Haendel Pedro Hernandez Cott Titus Schleyer The Oral Health and Disease Ontology is used for representing the diagnosis and treatment of dental maladies. Oral Health and Disease Ontology Status of this document: This is a work in progress and we do not yet make any promises about the stability of URIs. A known issue is that the upper level of this ontology is an exploratory version of BFO developed in the interim between when BFO 1 was current and before BFO 2 development started. The representation of the CDT codes is tentative - we are discussing this with the ADA. The integration between OBI and OGMS is not complete - we add some axioms here in order to use both in a consistent way. The version of the subject of the FMA used here is an automatic translation of a portion of the entities and relations present in the original FMA. Work is ongoing on improving this subset and using an up-to-date version of the FMA as its basis. The Oral Health and Disease Ontology is an ontology built to be compatible with the OBO Foundry ontologies, and is a collaboration between researchers at the University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine, the University of Pittsburg School of Dental Medicine, and the Oregon Health and Science University. This ontology is licensed under the CC-BY License. Please see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Attribution is satisfied by using the URIs defined in this file when using terms from this ontology. 2024-06-21 fma translation source Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification. Really of interest to developers only BFO OWL specification label Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2 Person:Alan Ruttenberg Really of interest to developers only BFO CLIF specification label editor preferred term The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English) PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> editor preferred term editor preferred term editor preferred term The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English) PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> editor preferred term example of usage A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> IAO:0000112 uberon example_of_usage true example_of_usage example of usage example of usage example of usage A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> example of usage example of usage in branch An annotation property indicating which module the terms belong to. This is currently experimental and not implemented yet. GROUP:OBI OBI_0000277 in branch has curation status PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bill Bug PERSON:Melanie Courtot OBI_0000281 has curation status has curation status has curation status PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bill Bug PERSON:Melanie Courtot has curation status definition definition textual definition A property representing the English language definitions of what NCI means by the concept. They may also include information about the definition's source and attribution in a form that can easily be interpreted by software. English language definitions of what NCI means by the concept. These are limited to 1024 characters. They may also include information about the definition's source and attribution in a form that can easily be interpreted by software. The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> DEFINITION definition definition textual definition definition definition definition textual definition A property representing the English language definitions of what NCI means by the concept. They may also include information about the definition's source and attribution in a form that can easily be interpreted by software. NCI English language definitions of what NCI means by the concept. These are limited to 1024 characters. They may also include information about the definition's source and attribution in a form that can easily be interpreted by software. The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. PERSON:Daniel Schober PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> DEFINITION PT NCI definition definition definition definition textual definition editor note An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi> IAO:0000116 uberon editor_note true editor_note editor note editor note fma translation source editor note An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi> editor note editor note definition editor term editor Name of editor entering the definition in the file. The definition editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The definition editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition editor definition editor term editor term editor Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> term editor alternative label alternative term A label for a class or property that can be used to refer to the class or property instead of the preferred rdfs:label. Alternative labels should be used to indicate community- or context-specific labels, abbreviations, shorthand forms and the like. An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent) OBO Operations committee PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> Consider re-defing to: An alternative name for a class or property which can mean the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent, narrow, broad or related). alternative label alternative term alternative term alternative label A label for a class or property that can be used to refer to the class or property instead of the preferred rdfs:label. Alternative labels should be used to indicate community- or context-specific labels, abbreviations, shorthand forms and the like. OBO Operations committee PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> Consider re-defing to: An alternative name for a class or property which can mean the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent, narrow, broad or related). alternative label definition source Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 PERSON:Daniel Schober Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w 2023-08-04T14:22:13Z definition source definition source definition source Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 PERSON:Daniel Schober Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition source has obsolescence reason Relates an annotation property to an obsolescence reason. The values of obsolescence reasons come from a list of predefined terms, instances of the class obsolescence reason specification. PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot has obsolescence reason curator note An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg curator note curator note curator note An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg curator note term tracker item the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/ An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term. term tracker item term tracker item term tracker item the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/ An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term. ontology term requester The name of the person, project, or organization that motivated inclusion of an ontology term by requesting its addition. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg The 'term requester' can credit the person, organization or project who request the ontology term. ontology term requester is denotator type Relates an class defined in an ontology, to the type of it's denotator In OWL 2 add AnnotationPropertyRange('is denotator type' 'denotator type') Alan Ruttenberg is denotator type imported from For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> imported from imported from expand expression to ObjectProperty: RO_0002104 Label: has plasma membrane part Annotations: IAO_0000424 "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#GO_0005886 and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)" A macro expansion tag applied to an object property (or possibly a data property) which can be used by a macro-expansion engine to generate more complex expressions from simpler ones Chris Mungall expand expression to expand expression to ObjectProperty: RO_0002104 Label: has plasma membrane part Annotations: IAO_0000424 "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#GO_0005886 and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)" A macro expansion tag applied to an object property (or possibly a data property) which can be used by a macro-expansion engine to generate more complex expressions from simpler ones Chris Mungall expand expression to expand assertion to ObjectProperty: RO??? Label: spatially disjoint from Annotations: expand_assertion_to "DisjointClasses: (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?X) (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)" A macro expansion tag applied to an annotation property which can be expanded into a more detailed axiom. Chris Mungall expand assertion to first order logic expression PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg first order logic expression antisymmetric property part_of antisymmetric property xsd:true Use boolean value xsd:true to indicate that the property is an antisymmetric property Alan Ruttenberg antisymmetric property OBO foundry unique label An alternative name for a class or property which is unique across the OBO Foundry. The intended usage of that property is as follow: OBO foundry unique labels are automatically generated based on regular expressions provided by each ontology, so that SO could specify unique label = 'sequence ' + [label], etc. , MA could specify 'mouse + [label]' etc. Upon importing terms, ontology developers can choose to use the 'OBO foundry unique label' for an imported term or not. The same applies to tools . PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters PERSON:Chris Mungall PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBO Foundry <http://obofoundry.org/> OBO foundry unique label OBO foundry unique label An alternative name for a class or property which is unique across the OBO Foundry. The intended usage of that property is as follow: OBO foundry unique labels are automatically generated based on regular expressions provided by each ontology, so that SO could specify unique label = 'sequence ' + [label], etc. , MA could specify 'mouse + [label]' etc. Upon importing terms, ontology developers can choose to use the 'OBO foundry unique label' for an imported term or not. The same applies to tools . PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters PERSON:Chris Mungall PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBO Foundry <http://obofoundry.org/> OBO foundry unique label has ID digit count Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO" Relates an ontology used to record id policy to the number of digits in the URI. The URI is: the 'has ID prefix" annotation property value concatenated with an integer in the id range (left padded with "0"s to make this many digits) Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID digit count has ID range allocated Datatype: idrange:1 Annotations: 'has ID range allocated to': "Chris Mungall" EquivalentTo: xsd:integer[> 2151 , <= 2300] Relates a datatype that encodes a range of integers to the name of the person or organization who can use those ids constructed in that range to define new terms Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID range allocated to has ID policy for Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO" Relating an ontology used to record id policy to the ontology namespace whose policy it manages Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID policy for has ID prefix Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO" Relates an ontology used to record id policy to a prefix concatenated with an integer in the id range (left padded with "0"s to make this many digits) to construct an ID for a term being created. Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID prefix elucidation person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Barry Smith Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms elucidation elucidation person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Barry Smith Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms elucidation has associated axiom(nl) Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg An axiom associated with a term expressed using natural language has associated axiom(nl) has associated axiom(fol) Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg An axiom expressed in first order logic using CLIF syntax has associated axiom(fol) is allocated id range Relates an ontology IRI to an (inclusive) range of IRIs in an OBO name space. The range is give as, e.g. "IAO_0020000-IAO_0020999" PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology is allocated id range retired from use as of relates a class of CRID to the date after which further instances should not be made, according to the central authority In OWL 2 add AnnotationPropertyRange xsd:dateTimeStamp Alan Ruttenberg retired from use as of has ontology root term Ontology annotation property. Relates an ontology to a term that is a designated root term of the ontology. Display tools like OLS can use terms annotated with this property as the starting point for rendering the ontology class hierarchy. There can be more than one root. Nicolas Matentzoglu has ontology root term may be identical to A annotation relationship between two terms in an ontology that may refer to the same (natural) type but where more evidence is required before terms are merged. David Osumi-Sutherland #40 VFB Edges asserting this should be annotated with to record evidence supporting the assertion and its provenance. may be identical to scheduled for obsoletion on or after Used when the class or object is scheduled for obsoletion/deprecation on or after a particular date. Chris Mungall, Jie Zheng https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/15532 https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/32 GO ontology scheduled for obsoletion on or after has axiom id Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg A URI that is intended to be unique label for an axiom used for tracking change to the ontology. For an axiom expressed in different languages, each expression is given the same URI axiom id has axiom label term replaced by Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology term replaced by an annotation property that relates an individual to the data source that was used to extract information about the individual Bill Duncan data source ADA universal tooth number This annotation is used to indicate that an individual is asserted to be a member of a class. This is useful when needing to find only the non-inferred type of an individual, and not the all the inferred types. For example, suppose x is a member of the class 'material entity' and 'material entity' is a subclass of 'independent continuant'. This entails that x will be a member of 'independent continuant'. However, by using this annotation to assert that x is a member of 'material entity', you can query for x's 'asserted type' and ignore the other inferred types in the class hierarchy. Titus Schleyer 1/1/2014: Need to understand this property from an ontological construction perspective. asserted type This property is an application property, used for intermediate calculations when cleaning data. Alan Ruttenberg mark true for representational units that are duplicate/conflict others duplicated This is an annotation used on an object property to indicate a logical characterstic beyond what is possible in OWL. OBO Operations call logical characteristic of object property 'part disjoint with' 'defined by construct' """ PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> PREFIX : <http://example.org/ CONSTRUCT { [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :part_of ; owl:someValuesFrom ?a ; owl:disjointWith [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :part_of ; owl:someValuesFrom ?b ] ] } WHERE { ?a :part_disjoint_with ?b . } Links an annotation property to a SPARQL CONSTRUCT query which is meant to provide semantics for a shortcut relation. defined by construct CHEBI:26523 (reactive oxygen species) has an exact synonym (ROS), which is of type OMO:0003000 (abbreviation) A synonym type for describing abbreviations or initalisms 2023-03-03 abbreviation A synonym type for describing ambiguous synonyms 2023-03-03 ambiguous synonym A synonym type for describing dubious synonyms 2023-03-03 dubious synonym EFO:0006346 (severe cutaneous adverse reaction) has an exact synonym (scar), which is of the type OMO:0003003 (layperson synonym) A synonym type for describing layperson or colloquial synonyms 2023-03-03 layperson synonym CHEBI:23367 (molecular entity) has an exact synonym (molecular entities), which is of the type OMO:0003004 (plural form) A synonym type for describing pluralization synonyms 2023-03-03 plural form CHEBI:16189 (sulfate) has an exact synonym (sulphate), which is of the type OMO:0003005 (UK spelling synonym) A synonym type for describing UK spelling variants 2023-03-03 UK spelling synonym A synonym type for common misspellings 2023-03-03 misspelling A synonym type for misnomers, i.e., a synonym that is not technically correct but is commonly used anyway 2023-03-03 misnomer An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context. temporal interpretation An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context. temporal interpretation logical macro assertion on an annotation property logical macro assertion on an annotation property relation p is the direct form of relation q iff p is a subPropertyOf q, p does not have the Transitive characteristic, q does have the Transitive characteristic, and for all x, y: x q y -> exists z1, z2, ..., zn such that x p z1 ... z2n y The general property hierarchy is: "directly P" SubPropertyOf "P" Transitive(P) Where we have an annotation assertion "directly P" "is direct form of" "P" If we have the annotation P is-direct-form-of Q, and we have inverses P' and Q', then it follows that P' is-direct-form-of Q' is direct form of relation p is the direct form of relation q iff p is a subPropertyOf q, p does not have the Transitive characteristic, q does have the Transitive characteristic, and for all x, y: x q y -> exists z1, z2, ..., zn such that x p z1 ... z2n y The general property hierarchy is: "directly P" SubPropertyOf "P" Transitive(P) Where we have an annotation assertion "directly P" "is direct form of" "P" If we have the annotation P is-direct-form-of Q, and we have inverses P' and Q', then it follows that P' is-direct-form-of Q' is direct form of part-of is homeomorphic for independent continuants. R is homemorphic for C iff (1) there exists some x,y such that x R y, and x and y instantiate C and (2) for all x, if x is an instance of C, and there exists some y some such that x R y, then it follows that y is an instance of C. 2018-10-21T19:46:34Z R homeomorphic-for C expands to: C SubClassOf R only C. Additionally, for any class D that is disjoint with C, we can also expand to C DisjointWith R some D, D DisjointWith R some C. is homeomorphic for part-of is homeomorphic for independent continuants. R is homemorphic for C iff (1) there exists some x,y such that x R y, and x and y instantiate C and (2) for all x, if x is an instance of C, and there exists some y some such that x R y, then it follows that y is an instance of C. 2018-10-21T19:46:34Z R homeomorphic-for C expands to: C SubClassOf R only C. Additionally, for any class D that is disjoint with C, we can also expand to C DisjointWith R some D, D DisjointWith R some C. is homeomorphic for This annotation is used for the labels of the CDT codes provided by the American Dental Association. Examples of a Contributor include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Contributor should be used to indicate the entity. An entity responsible for making contributions to the content of the resource. Contributor Coverage will typically include spatial location (a place name or geographic coordinates), temporal period (a period label, date, or date range) or jurisdiction (such as a named administrative entity). Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the Thesaurus of Geographic Names [TGN]) and that, where appropriate, named places or time periods be used in preference to numeric identifiers such as sets of coordinates or date ranges. The extent or scope of the content of the resource. Coverage Examples of a Creator include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Creator should be used to indicate the entity. An entity primarily responsible for making the content of the resource. Creator Typically, Date will be associated with the creation or availability of the resource. Recommended best practice for encoding the date value is defined in a profile of ISO 8601 [W3CDTF] and follows the YYYY-MM-DD format. A date associated with an event in the life cycle of the resource. Date Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, table of contents, reference to a graphical representation of content or a free-text account of the content. An account of the content of the resource. Description Typically, Format may include the media-type or dimensions of the resource. Format may be used to determine the software, hardware or other equipment needed to display or operate the resource. Examples of dimensions include size and duration. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the list of Internet Media Types [MIME] defining computer media formats). The physical or digital manifestation of the resource. Format Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system. Example formal identification systems include the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) (including the Uniform Resource Locator (URL)), the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) and the International Standard Book Number (ISBN). An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context. Resource Identifier Recommended best practice is to use RFC 3066 [RFC3066], which, in conjunction with ISO 639 [ISO639], defines two- and three-letter primary language tags with optional subtags. Examples include "en" or "eng" for English, "akk" for Akkadian, and "en-GB" for English used in the United Kingdom. A language of the intellectual content of the resource. Language Examples of a Publisher include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Publisher should be used to indicate the entity. An entity responsible for making the resource available Publisher Recommended best practice is to reference the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system. A reference to a related resource. Relation Typically, a Rights element will contain a rights management statement for the resource, or reference a service providing such information. Rights information often encompasses Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), Copyright, and various Property Rights. If the Rights element is absent, no assumptions can be made about the status of these and other rights with respect to the resource. Information about rights held in and over the resource. Rights Management The present resource may be derived from the Source resource in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to reference the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system. A reference to a resource from which the present resource is derived. Source Typically, a Subject will be expressed as keywords, key phrases or classification codes that describe a topic of the resource. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary or formal classification scheme. The topic of the content of the resource. Subject and Keywords Typically, a Title will be a name by which the resource is formally known. A name given to the resource. Title Type includes terms describing general categories, functions, genres, or aggregation levels for content. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the DCMI Type Vocabulary [DCMITYPE]). To describe the physical or digital manifestation of the resource, use the Format element. The nature or genre of the content of the resource. Resource Type contributor date created An alternative label for a class or property which has a more general meaning than the preferred name/primary label. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/18 has broad synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/18 database_cross_reference A property representing a fully qualified synonym, contains the string, term type, source, and an optional source code if appropriate. Each subfield is deliniated to facilitate interpretation by software. An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20 FULL_SYN Synonym with Source Data has exact synonym has exact synonym has_exact_synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20 A property representing a fully qualified synonym, contains the string, term type, source, and an optional source code if appropriate. Each subfield is deliniated to facilitate interpretation by software. NCI FULL_SYN PT NCI Synonym with Source Data SY NCI has exact synonym has_exact_synonym An alternative label for a class or property which has a more specific meaning than the preferred name/primary label. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/19 has narrow synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/19 has_obo_namespace An alternative label for a class or property that has been used synonymously with the primary term name, but the usage is not strictly correct. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/21 has related synonym has_related_synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/21 An alternative label for a class or property that has been used synonymously with the primary term name, but the usage is not strictly correct. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/21 has related synonym has_related_synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/21 in_subset in_subset is defined by is defined by This is an experimental annotation label label label label rdfs:label label label label label has broader match has close match has exact match has narrower match is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. part_of part of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of https://wiki.geneontology.org/Part_of is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. part_of part of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of https://wiki.geneontology.org/Part_of has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. has_part has part has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. has_part has part inheres_in inheres in bearer of bearer_of is bearer of realized in this disease is realized in this disease course this fragility is realized in this shattering this investigator role is realized in this investigation is realized by realized_in [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realized in realized in this disease is realized in this disease course this fragility is realized in this shattering this investigator role is realized in this investigation is realized by realized_in [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realized in realizes this disease course realizes this disease this investigation realizes this investigator role this shattering realizes this fragility to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realizes realizes this disease course realizes this disease this investigation realizes this investigator role this shattering realizes this fragility to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realizes preceded by x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. is preceded by preceded_by http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by preceded by preceded by x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. is preceded by preceded_by http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by preceded by precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. precedes precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. precedes occurs in b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs_in unfolds in unfolds_in Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant occurs in https://wiki.geneontology.org/Occurs_in occurs in b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs_in unfolds in unfolds_in Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant occurs in https://wiki.geneontology.org/Occurs_in site of [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant contains process site of [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant contains process s_depends_on s depends on type: slot is-a: Standard FMA slot :slot-value-type: Instance :direct-domain: Immaterial anatomical entity inverse_of_2D part <br><b>type</b>: slot<br><b>is-a</b>: Standard FMA slot<br><b>:slot-inverse</b>: contains<br><b>:slot-value-type</b>: Class, Anatomical space<br><b>:direct-domain</b>: Anatomical structure, Segment of ureter, Region of pelvic peritoneum, Heterogeneous anatomical cluster, Segment of large intestine, Segment of peritoneal sac, Upper lobe of lung, Branch of external iliac artery, Subdivision of external iliac vein, Branch of femoral nerve, Branch of posterior division of internal iliac artery, Branch of anterior division of internal iliac artery, Tributary of internal iliac vein, Branch of sacral nerve plexus, Middle cerebral artery, Segment of esophagus, Set of organs, Set of organ parts, Set of organ system subdivisions, Set of cells, Set of cell parts<br><b>:documentation</b>: Location relation which holds between a material anatomical entity and some anatomical space if the related entities are part of the same organism.nnOBO Relation Ontology definition:nC contained_in C' if and only if: given any instance c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that: c' instantiates C' at time t and c located_in c' at t, and it is not the case that c *overlaps* c' at t. (c' is a conduit or cavity.)nSource: http://obofoundry.org/ro/ contained in <br><b>type</b>: slot<br><b>is-a</b>: Structural slot<br><b>:slot-inverse</b>: part<br><b>:documentation</b>: Structural anatomical relations which holds between each entity of type A and some anatomical entity of the same dimension of type B such that if A is part-of B, there is a complement C which together with A accounts for the whole (100%) of B. The inverse relation is Has-part.n12-12-07:nThis relation is equivalent to &#x0022;proper_part_of&#x0022; in OBO Relation Ontology which is defined as:nAs for part_of, for continuants: C part_of C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that c' instantiates C' at time t, and c *part_of* c' at t. For processes: P part_of P' if and only if: given any p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t, and p *part_of* p' at t. (Here *part_of* is the instance-level part-relation.) Note the additional constraint that subject and object are distinct.nSource: http://obofoundry.org/ro/<br><b>:direct-subslots</b>: member of, constitutional part of, regional part of<br><b>:slot-value-type</b>: Anatomical entity template, Class, Developmental entity part of (FMA) <br><b>type</b>: slot<br><b>is-a</b>: Standard FMA slot<br><b>:slot-inverse</b>: contained in<br><b>:slot-value-type</b>: Class, Material anatomical entity<br><b>:direct-domain</b>: Subdivision of cochlea, Compartment of head, Prostatic duct, Subdivision of compartment of palm of hand, Subdivision of mediastinum, Compartment of neck, Compartment of free upper limb, Subdivision of abdominal compartment, Scrotal sac contains <br><b>type</b>: slot<br><b>is-a</b>: Structural slot<br><b>:slot-inverse</b>: member<br><b>:direct-superslots</b>: part of<br><b>:documentation</b>: Has_part relation which holds between each anatomical set and any of its elements.<br><b>:direct-domain</b>: Anatomical structure, Bone of calcaneus, Bone of zone of calcaneus, Cartilage of calcaneus, Compact bone of calcaneus, Trabecular bone of calcaneus, Anatomical set, Membranous cytoplasmic organelle, Nonmembranous cytoplasmic organelle, Non-nucleated solocyte, Differentiated hemal cell, Set of neural tree organs, Synovial joint, Symphysis, Syndesmosis, Synovial joint of pectoral girdle, First costochondral joint, Second costochondral joint, Third costochondral joint, Fourth costochondral joint, Fifth costochondral joint, Sixth costochondral joint, Seventh costochondral joint, Eighth costochondral joint, Ninth costochondral joint, Tenth costochondral joint, Eleventh costochondral joint, Twelfth costochondral joint, First sternocostal joint, Cranial synchondrosis, Dento-alveolar joint of incisor tooth, Dento-alveolar joint of canine tooth, Dento-alveolar joint of premolar tooth, Dento-alveolar joint of molar tooth, Suture, Set of carpal bones, Set of metacarpal bones, Set of phalanges of hand, Set of sesamoid bones of hand, Set of nuclei of amygdala, Pharyngeal lymphoid tissue, Variant anatomical structure, Musculature of subdivision of free upper limb, Smooth muscle tissue, Set of viscera, Set of immaterial anatomical entities<br><b>:slot-value-type</b>: Anatomical set, Class, Developmental entity type: slot is-a: Structural slot :slot-inverse: member :slot-value-type: Class, Anatomical set :direct-superslots: part of :documentation: Has_part relation which holds between each anatomical set and any of its elements. :direct-domain: Anatomical structure, Cardinal organ part, Bone of calcaneus, Bone of zone of calcaneus, Cartilage of calcaneus, Compact bone of calcaneus, Trabecular bone of calcaneus, Anatomical set, Membranous cytoplasmic organelle, Nonmembranous cytoplasmic organelle, Non-nucleated solocyte, Differentiated hemal cell, Set of neural tree organs, Synovial joint, Symphysis, Syndesmosis, Synovial joint of pectoral girdle, First costochondral joint, Second costochondral joint, Third costochondral joint, Fourth costochondral joint, Fifth costochondral joint, Sixth costochondral joint, Seventh costochondral joint, Eighth costochondral joint, Ninth costochondral joint, Tenth costochondral joint, Eleventh costochondral joint, Twelfth costochondral joint, First sternocostal joint, Cranial synchondrosis, Dento-alveolar joint of incisor tooth, Dento-alveolar joint of canine tooth, Dento-alveolar joint of premolar tooth, Dento-alveolar joint of molar tooth, Suture, Set of carpal bones, Set of metacarpal bones, Set of phalanges of hand, Set of sesamoid bones of hand, Set of nuclei of amygdala, Naso-pharyngeal lymphoid tissue, Variant anatomical structure, Musculature of subdivision of free upper limb, Smooth muscle tissue, Set of viscera, Set of immaterial anatomical entities member of <br><b>type</b>: slot<br><b>is-a</b>: Structural slot<br><b>:slot-inverse</b>: member of<br><b>:direct-superslots</b>: part<br><b>:documentation</b>: Has_part relation which holds between each anatomical set and any of its elements.<br><b>:direct-domain</b>: Vasculature of bony part of vertebra, Set of immaterial anatomical entities, Heterogeneous anatomical cluster<br><b>:slot-value-type</b>: Material anatomical entity, Anatomical set, Class, Immaterial anatomical entity, Developmental entity type: slot is-a: Structural slot :slot-inverse: member of :direct-superslots: part :documentation: Has_part relation which holds between each anatomical set and any of its elements. :slot-value-type: Anatomical set, Material anatomical entity, Class, Immaterial anatomical entity :direct-domain: Vasculature of bony part of irregular bone, Set of immaterial anatomical entities member <br><b>type</b>: slot<br><b>is-a</b>: Structural slot<br><b>:documentation</b>: Anatomical part relationship which describes a material or nonmaterial physical component (or constituent) of an anatomical structure and together with the other heterogeneous components, constitutes the entirety of an anatomical structure. Examples: integument, mediastinum, mucosa, wall of trachea, wall of artery, lumen of artery, muscularis mucosae, plasma membrane, nuclear matrix, histone.nnDescribes the organs, non-topological organ parts, cells or non-topological cell parts and their associated non-material physical anatomical entities that constitute an anatomical structure. Can also be called &#x0022;constituent part&#x0022;. Inverse relationship is constitutional part of.nnExamples: skin, fascia, set of muscles, set of bones (constitutional parts of the body); wall and lumen of esophagus; stroma and parenchyma of pancreas; endocardium, myocardium of right ventricle; Henley's and Huxley's layers of hair follicle; plasma membrane and protoplasm; outer and inner layers of wall of mitochondrion.<br><b>:slot-inverse</b>: constitutional part of<br><b>:direct-domain</b>: Set of bone organs, Anatomical structure, Blastocyst, Subdivision of nervous system, Subdivision of genital system, Subdivision of hemolymphoid system, Subdivision of cavity of pharynx, Cavity of organ part, Set of organ regions<br><b>:direct-superslots</b>: part<br><b>:slot-value-type</b>: Physical anatomical entity, Class type: slot is-a: Structural slot :documentation: Anatomical part relationship which describes a material or nonmaterial physical component (or constituent) of an anatomical structure and together with the other heterogeneous components, constitutes the entirety of an anatomical structure. Examples: integument, mediastinum, mucosa, wall of trachea, wall of artery, lumen of artery, muscularis mucosae, plasma membrane, nuclear matrix, histone.nnDescribes the organs, non-topological organ parts, cells or non-topological cell parts and their associated non-material physical anatomical entities that constitute an anatomical structure. Can also be called &#x0022;constituent part&#x0022;. Inverse relationship is constitutional part of.nnExamples: skin, fascia, set of muscles, set of bones (constitutional parts of the body); wall and lumen of esophagus; stroma and parenchyma of pancreas; endocardium, myocardium of right ventricle; Henley's and Huxley's layers of hair follicle; plasma membrane and protoplasm; outer and inner layers of wall of mitochondrion. :slot-inverse: constitutional part of :slot-value-type: Class, Physical anatomical entity :direct-domain: Subdivision of nervous system, Subdivision of genital system, Subdivision of hemolymphoid system, Subdivision of cavity of pharynx, Cavity of organ part, Set of organ regions :direct-superslots: part constitutional part type: slot is-a: Structural slot :documentation: Anatomical part relationsip which describes a subdivision of an organ system and together with the other systemic parts constitutes an organ system or an organ system subdivision. Examples: cardiovascular system, autonomic nervous system, nervous system of right upper limb, hematopoietic system, axial skeleton, lower GI tract. :slot-inverse: systemic part of :slot-value-type: Anatomical space, Anatomical structure, Class, Endocrine system, Anatomical set :direct-domain: Biological molecule, Biological molecular complex, Somatic nervous system, Set of bones, Set of heterogeneous clusters, Set of nerves, Set of organs, Anatomical structure :direct-superslots: part systemic part <br><b>type</b>: slot<br><b>is-a</b>: Structural slot<br><b>:slot-inverse</b>: constitutional part<br><b>:direct-domain</b>: Anatomical entity template<br><b>:direct-superslots</b>: part of<br><b>:slot-value-type</b>: Developmental entity, Material anatomical entity, Class type: slot is-a: Structural slot :slot-inverse: constitutional part :slot-value-type: Material anatomical entity, Class :direct-domain: Anatomical entity template :direct-superslots: part of constitutional part of type: slot is-a: Structural slot :slot-inverse: systemic part :slot-value-type: Anatomical space, Anatomical structure, Class, Anatomical set :direct-domain: Organ system, Articular cartilage of costal facet of body of thoracic vertebra, Epithelium-associated lymphoid tissue, Primary nodular lymphoid tissue, Set of organ components, Set of organ regions, Portion of body substance, Zone of bone organ, Subdivision of urogenital part of male perineum, Subdivision of pelvis, Zone of cavernous organ, Subdivision of urogenital part of female perineum, Vestibule, Subdivision of bony labyrinth, Subdivision of epidermis, Smooth muscle tissue, Articular cartilage, Articular cartilage of epiphysis of metatarsal bone, Subdivision of surface of sternum, Region of surface of costal cartilage, Surface of subdivision of vertebra, Surface of subdivision of rib, Cartilage of atlas, Cartilage of axis, Cartilage of xiphoid process, Cartilage of body of sternum, Cartilage of manubrium, Cartilage of central part of body of vertebra, Cartilage of inferior surface of body of lumbar vertebra, Lumbar vertebral segment of anterior longitudinal ligament, Lumbar vertebral segment of posterior longitudinal ligament, Cartilage of inferior surface of body of thoracic vertebra, Cartilage of superior surface of body of thoracic vertebra, Thoracic vertebral segment of anterior longitudinal ligament, Thoracic vertebral segment of posterior longitudinal ligament, Cartilage of seventh cervical vertebra, Cervical vertebral segment of anterior longitudinal ligament, Cervical vertebral segment of posterior longitudinal ligament, Cartilage of sixth cervical vertebra, Cartilage of fifth cervical vertebra, Cartilage of fourth cervical vertebra, Cartilage of third cervical vertebra, Vocal ligament, Vestibular fold, Torus of pharyngotympanic tube, Torus levatorius, Salpingopharyngeal fold, Salpingopalatine fold, Zone of viscerocranial mucosa, Viscerocranial mucosa organ part, Fibrous connective tissue, Heterogeneous cluster, Piriform fossa, Fold of superior laryngeal nerve, Anatomical conduit space, Subdivision of respiratory conduit space, Cavity of organ part, Organ component cluster, Intramural nerve plexus, Organ subdivision cluster, Medial wall of ethmoidal labyrinth, Cavity of internal nose, Pulmonary nerve plexus, Organ cluster, Organ cavity subdivision, Cavity of organ system subdivision, Zone of small intestine, Organ segment, Subdivision of face, Set of joints, Anatomical line, Nasal crest of maxilla, Set of bones, Organ component gland, Zone of investing fascia, Layer of cervical fascia, Musculature, Set of neural tree organs, Neural cell, Set of viscera, Zone of superficial fascia of head, Zone of labial part of orbicularis oris, Zone of marginal part of orbicularis oris, Set of heterogeneous clusters, Cavity of subdivision of principal body part, Alar part of nasalis, Transverse part of nasalis, Subdivision of skin of face, Isthmus of external acoustic tube, Skin of external acoustic tube, Wall of subdivision of external acoustic tube :direct-superslots: part of systemic part of type: slot is-a: Standard FMA slot :slot-value-type: Class, Immaterial anatomical entity 2D part <br><b>type</b>: slot<br><b>is-a</b>: Structural slot<br><b>slot synonym</b>: arises from<br><b>:slot-inverse</b>: branch<br><b>:slot-value-type</b>: Class, Postnatal anatomical structure<br><b>:direct-domain</b>: Conducting tissue of heart, Root of median nerve, Tributary of hepatic portal vein, Trunk of branch of internal iliac artery, Trunk of branch of external iliac artery, Segment of trunk of external iliac artery, Arteriole, Trunk of branch of left colic artery, Variant systemic artery, Arterial anastomosis, Thyrocervical trunk, Costocervical trunk, Septal branch of right posterior interventricular artery<br><b>:documentation</b>: Regional_part_of relation which holds between trunks and subtrees of a tree organ that is either tracheobronchial or biliary or of arterial or neural type.<br><b>:direct-superslots</b>: regional part of type: slot is-a: Structural slot slot synonym: arises from :slot-inverse: branch :slot-value-type: Class, Anatomical structure :direct-domain: Conducting tissue of heart, Root of median nerve, Subdivision of hepatic portal vein, Trunk of branch of internal iliac artery, Trunk of branch of external iliac artery, Segment of trunk of external iliac artery, Arteriole, Trunk of branch of left colic artery, Variant systemic artery, Arterial anastomosis, Thyrocervical trunk, Costocervical trunk, Septal branch of right posterior interventricular artery :documentation: Regional_part_of relation which holds between trunks and subtrees of a tree organ that is either tracheobronchial or biliary or of arterial or neural type. branch of <br><b>type</b>: slot<br><b>is-a</b>: Structural slot<br><b>:documentation</b>: Structural anatomical relations which holds between each entity of type A and some anatomical entity of the same dimension of type B such that if A is has_part B, there is a complement C which together with B accounts for the whole (100%) of A. The inverse relation is 'Part-of'.n5.02.01nDefinition: &#x0022;Has morphological part&#x0022; or &#x0022;morphological part of&#x0022; is a part-whole relationship which describes the countable elements of which an anatomical structure is composed. Allowed classes are organ component and organ subdivision, body part and body part subdivision, organ system and organ system subdivision, cell and cell part.nExample: muscle belly and muscle tendon, cardiac chamber and cardiac valve, lobe of organ, limb.<br><b>slot synonym</b>: unattributed part<br><b>:slot-inverse</b>: part of<br><b>:direct-subslots</b>: member, constitutional part, regional part<br><b>:slot-value-type</b>: Physical anatomical entity, Anatomical entity template, Class, Developmental entity part (FMA) <br><b>type</b>: slot<br><b>is-a</b>: Structural slot<br><b>:documentation</b>: 'Has-part' relation which holds between each maximally connected anatomical structure and its part demarcated from the complement by a predominantly fiat boundary Examples: body region like the head, thorax, or hand; organ region like the brain, trachea or cervical part of esophagus; organ part region like apical bronchopulmonary segment or mucosa of ascending aorta; cell region like apical part of cell or endoplasm<br><b>slot synonym</b>: topographic part<br><b>:slot-inverse</b>: regional part of<br><b>:direct-superslots</b>: part<br><b>:direct-domain</b>: Set of bone organs, Blastocyst, Anatomical boundary entity, Set of joints, Set of organs, Set of organ regions, Set of organ components, Subdivision of osseous skeleton, Set of heterogeneous anatomical structures, Osseous skeleton, Anatomical structure, Portion of body substance<br><b>:direct-subslots</b>: branch, tributary<br><b>:slot-value-type</b>: Class, Anatomical structure, Anatomical set type: slot is-a: Structural slot :documentation: 'Has-part' relation which holds between each maximally connected anatomical structure and its part demarcated from the complement by a predominantly fiat boundary Examples: body region like the head, thorax, or hand; organ region like the brain, trachea or cervical part of esophagus; organ part region like apical bronchopulmonary segment or mucosa of ascending aorta; cell region like apical part of cell or endoplasm slot synonym: topographic part :slot-inverse: regional part of :slot-value-type: Anatomical space, Anatomical structure, Anatomical set, Orifice of anatomical junction, Class, Immaterial anatomical entity :direct-superslots: part :direct-domain: Set of bones, Anatomical boundary entity, Set of joints, Set of organs, Set of organ regions, Set of organ components, Subdivision of skeleton, Set of heterogeneous clusters, Skeleton, Portion of body substance :direct-subslots: regional partition 2, regional partition 1, branch regional part <br><b>type</b>: slot<br><b>is-a</b>: Structural slot<br><b>slot synonym</b>: Topographic part of<br><b>:slot-inverse</b>: regional part<br><b>:documentation</b>: Regional_ part_of is a Part-of relation which holds between each maximally connected anatomical structure and its part demarcated from the complement by a predominantly fiat boundary<br><b>:slot-value-type</b>: Anatomical structure, Class, Anatomical set<br><b>:direct-superslots</b>: part of<br><b>:direct-subslots</b>: tributary of, branch of<br><b>:direct-domain</b>: Anatomical boundary entity, Set of organ components, Portion of body substance, Region of surface of sternum, Region of surface of costal cartilage, Surface of region of vertebra, Surface of region of rib, Set of organs, Torus of pharyngotympanic tube, Torus levatorius, Piriform fossa, Region of surface of eyeball, Anatomical line, Surface of auricular cartilage, External surface of rib, Internal surface of rib, Region of surface of rib, Clavicular facet of scapula, Orbital surface of frontal bone, Region of surface of humerus, Set of organ regions, Medial surface of superficial part of submandibular gland, Mesial surface layer of third lower molar tooth, Distal surface layer of third lower molar tooth, Buccal surface layer of third lower molar tooth, Lingual surface layer of third lower molar tooth, Occlusal surface layer of third lower molar tooth, Mesial contact surface layer of third lower molar tooth, Buccal surface layer of third upper molar tooth, Lingual surface layer of third upper molar tooth, Mesial surface layer of third upper molar tooth, Distal surface layer of third upper molar tooth, Occlusal surface layer of third upper molar tooth, Mesial contact surface layer of third upper molar tooth, Mesial surface layer of second lower molar tooth, Distal surface layer of second lower molar tooth, Buccal surface layer of second lower molar tooth, Lingual surface layer of second lower molar tooth, Occlusal surface layer of second lower molar tooth, Mesial contact surface layer of second lower molar tooth, Distal contact surface layer of second lower molar tooth, Mesial surface layer of second upper molar tooth, Distal surface layer of second upper molar tooth, Buccal surface layer of second upper molar tooth, Occlusal surface layer of second upper molar tooth, Mesial contact surface layer of second upper molar tooth, Distal contact surface layer of second upper molar tooth, Lingual surface layer of second upper molar tooth, Mesial surface layer of first lower molar tooth, Distal surface layer of first lower molar tooth, Buccal surface layer of first lower molar tooth, Lingual surface layer of first lower molar tooth, Mesial contact surface layer of first lower molar tooth, Distal contact surface layer of first lower molar tooth, Occlusal surface layer of first lower molar tooth, Mesial surface layer of first upper molar tooth, Distal surface layer of first upper molar tooth, Buccal surface layer of first upper molar tooth, Lingual surface layer of first upper molar tooth, Occlusal surface layer of first upper molar tooth, Mesial contact surface layer of first upper molar tooth, Distal contact surface layer of first upper molar tooth, Mesial surface layer of second lower premolar tooth, Distal surface layer of second lower premolar tooth, Buccal surface layer of second lower premolar tooth, Lingual surface layer of second lower premolar tooth, Occlusal surface layer of second lower premolar tooth, Mesial contact surface layer of second lower premolar tooth, Distal contact surface layer of second lower premolar tooth, Buccal surface layer of second upper premolar tooth, Lingual surface layer of second upper premolar tooth, Mesial surface layer of second upper premolar tooth, Distal surface layer of second upper premolar tooth, Occlusal surface layer of second upper premolar tooth, Mesial contact surface layer of second upper premolar tooth, Distal contact surface layer of second upper premolar tooth, Mesial surface layer of first lower premolar tooth, Distal surface layer of first lower premolar tooth, Buccal surface layer of first lower premolar tooth, Lingual surface layer of first lower premolar tooth, Occlusal surface layer of first lower premolar tooth, Mesial contact surface layer of first lower premolar tooth, Distal contact surface layer of first lower premolar tooth, Buccal surface layer of first upper premolar tooth, Lingual surface layer of first upper premolar tooth, Mesial surface layer of first upper premolar tooth, Distal surface layer of first upper premolar tooth, Occlusal surface layer of first upper premolar tooth, Mesial contact surface layer of first upper premolar tooth, Distal contact surface layer of first upper premolar tooth, Mesial surface layer of lower canine tooth, Distal surface layer of lower canine tooth, Labial surface layer of lower canine tooth, Lingual surface layer of lower canine tooth, Incisal surface layer of lower canine tooth, Mesial contact surface layer of lower canine tooth, Distal contact surface layer of lower canine tooth, Labial surface layer of upper canine tooth, Lingual surface layer of upper canine tooth, Mesial surface layer of upper canine tooth, Distal surface layer of upper canine tooth, Incisal surface layer of upper canine tooth, Mesial contact surface layer of upper canine tooth, Distal contact surface layer of upper canine tooth, Mesial surface layer of lower lateral incisor tooth, Distal surface layer of lower lateral incisor tooth, Labial surface layer of lower lateral incisor tooth, Lingual surface layer of lower lateral incisor tooth, Incisal surface layer of lower lateral incisor tooth, Mesial contact surface layer of lateral lower incisor tooth, Distal contact surface layer of lateral lower incisor tooth, Mesial surface layer of lower central incisor tooth, Distal surface layer of lower central incisor tooth, Labial surface layer of lower central incisor tooth, Lingual surface layer of lower central incisor tooth, Incisal surface layer of lower central incisor tooth, Mesial contact surface layer of central lower incisor tooth, Distal contact surface layer of central lower incisor tooth, Mesial surface layer of upper lateral incisor tooth, Distal surface layer of upper lateral incisor tooth, Labial surface layer of upper lateral incisor tooth, Incisal surface layer of upper lateral incisor tooth, Lingual surface layer of upper lateral incisor tooth, Mesial contact surface layer of lateral upper incisor tooth, Distal contact surface layer of upper lateral incisor tooth, Mesial surface layer of upper central incisor tooth, Labial surface layer of upper central incisor tooth, Lingual surface layer of upper central incisor tooth, Distal surface layer of upper central incisor tooth, Incisal surface layer of upper central incisor tooth, Mesial contact surface layer of central upper incisor tooth, Distal contact surface layer of central upper incisor tooth, Region of surface of peritoneal sac, Region of internal surface of kidney, Internal surface of segment of duodenum, Internal surface of subdivision of stomach, Region of diaphragmatic surface of liver, Surface of sclera, Subdivision of osseous skeleton, Set of joints, Set of heterogeneous anatomical structures, Surface of pinna, Anatomical structure, Blastocyst type: slot is-a: Structural slot slot synonym: Topographic part of :slot-inverse: regional part :direct-domain: Anatomical boundary entity, Set of organ components, Portion of body substance, Subdivision of surface of sternum, Region of surface of costal cartilage, Surface of subdivision of vertebra, Surface of subdivision of rib, Set of organs, Torus of pharyngotympanic tube, Torus levatorius, Piriform fossa, Region of surface of eyeball, Non-physical anatomical entity template, Anatomical line, Surface of auricular cartilage, External surface of rib, Internal surface of rib, Subdivision of surface of rib, Clavicular facet of scapula, Orbital surface of frontal bone, Subdivision of surface of humerus, Set of organ regions, Medial surface of superficial part of submandibular gland, Mesial surface of lower third molar tooth, Distal surface of lower third molar tooth, Buccal surface of lower third molar tooth, Lingual surface of lower third molar tooth, Occlusal surface of lower third molar tooth, Mesial contact surface of lower third molar tooth, Buccal surface of upper third molar tooth, Lingual surface of upper third molar tooth, Mesial surface of upper third molar tooth, Distal surface of upper third molar tooth, Occlusal surface of upper third molar tooth, Mesial contact surface of upper third molar tooth, Mesial surface of lower second molar tooth, Distal surface of lower second molar tooth, Buccal surface of lower second molar tooth, Lingual surface of lower second molar tooth, Occlusal surface of lower second molar tooth, Mesial contact surface of lower second molar tooth, Distal contact surface of lower second molar tooth, Mesial surface of upper second molar tooth, Distal surface of upper second molar tooth, Buccal surface of upper second molar tooth, Occlusal surface of upper second molar tooth, Mesial contact surface of upper second molar tooth, Distal contact surface of upper second molar tooth, Lingual surface of upper second molar tooth, Mesial surface of lower first molar tooth, Distal surface of lower first molar tooth, Buccal surface of lower first molar tooth, Lingual surface of lower first molar tooth, Mesial contact surface of lower first molar tooth, Distal contact surface of lower first molar tooth, Occlusal surface of lower first molar tooth, Mesial surface of upper first molar tooth, Distal surface of upper first molar tooth, Buccal surface of upper first molar tooth, Lingual surface of upper first molar tooth, Occlusal surface of upper first molar tooth, Mesial contact surface of upper first molar tooth, Distal contact surface of upper first molar tooth, Mesial surface of lower second premolar tooth, Distal surface of lower second premolar tooth, Buccal surface of lower second premolar tooth, Lingual surface of lower second premolar tooth, Occlusal surface of lower second premolar tooth, Mesial contact surface of lower second premolar tooth, Distal contact surface of lower second premolar tooth, Buccal surface of upper second premolar tooth, Lingual surface of upper second premolar tooth, Mesial surface of upper second premolar tooth, Distal surface of upper second premolar tooth, Occlusal surface of upper second premolar tooth, Mesial contact surface of upper second premolar tooth, Distal contact surface of upper second premolar tooth, Mesial surface of lower first premolar tooth, Distal surface of lower first premolar tooth, Buccal surface of lower first premolar tooth, Lingual surface of lower first premolar tooth, Occlusal surface of lower first premolar tooth, Mesial contact surface of lower first premolar tooth, Distal contact surface of lower first premolar tooth, Buccal surface of upper first premolar tooth, Lingual surface of upper first premolar tooth, Mesial surface of upper first premolar tooth, Distal surface of upper first premolar tooth, Occlusal surface of upper first premolar tooth, Mesial contact surface of upper first premolar tooth, Distal contact surface of upper first premolar tooth, Mesial surface of lower canine tooth, Distal surface of lower canine tooth, Labial surface of lower canine tooth, Lingual surface of lower canine tooth, Incisal surface of lower canine tooth, Mesial contact surface of lower canine tooth, Distal contact surface of lower canine tooth, Labial surface of upper canine tooth, Lingual surface of upper canine tooth, Mesial surface of upper canine tooth, Distal surface of upper canine tooth, Incisal surface of upper canine tooth, Mesial contact surface of upper canine tooth, Distal contact surface of upper canine tooth, Mesial surface of lower lateral incisor tooth, Distal surface of lower lateral incisor tooth, Labial surface of lower lateral incisor tooth, Lingual surface of lower lateral incisor tooth, Incisal surface of lower lateral incisor tooth, Mesial contact surface of lower lateral incisor tooth, Distal contact surface of lower lateral incisor tooth, Mesial surface of lower central incisor tooth, Distal surface of lower central incisor tooth, Labial surface of lower central incisor tooth, Lingual surface of lower central incisor tooth, Incisal surface of lower central incisor tooth, Mesial contact surface of lower central incisor tooth, Distal contact surface of lower central incisor tooth, Mesial surface of upper lateral incisor tooth, Distal surface of upper lateral incisor tooth, Labial surface of upper lateral incisor tooth, Incisal surface of upper lateral incisor tooth, Lingual surface of upper lateral incisor tooth, Mesial contact surface of upper lateral incisor tooth, Distal contact surface of upper lateral incisor tooth, Mesial surface of upper central incisor tooth, Labial surface of upper central incisor tooth, Lingual surface of upper central incisor tooth, Distal surface of upper central incisor tooth, Incisal surface of upper central incisor tooth, Mesial contact surface of upper central incisor tooth, Distal contact surface of upper central incisor tooth, Region of surface of peritoneal sac, Region of internal surface of kidney, Internal surface of segment of duodenum, Internal surface of subdivision of stomach, Region of diaphragmatic surface of liver, Surface of sclera, Subdivision of skeleton, Set of joints, Set of heterogeneous clusters, Surface of pinna :documentation: Regional_ part_of is a Part-of relation which holds between each maximally connected anatomical structure and its part demarcated from the complement by a predominantly fiat boundary :slot-value-type: Class, Anatomical structure, Anatomical set, Anatomical space, Immaterial anatomical entity :direct-superslots: part of :direct-subslots: regional partition 1 of regional part of <br><b>type</b>: slot<br><b>is-a</b>: Structural slot<br><b>:documentation</b>: 'Has_regional_part' relation which holds between trunks and subtrees of a tree organ that is either tracheobronchial or biliary or of arterial, venous, lymphatic or neural type.<br><b>slot synonym</b>: gives rise to<br><b>:slot-inverse</b>: branch of<br><b>:slot-value-type</b>: Class, Postnatal anatomical structure<br><b>:direct-domain</b>: Material anatomical entity<br><b>:direct-superslots</b>: regional part type: slot is-a: Structural slot :documentation: 'Has_regional_part' relation which holds between trunks and subtrees of a tree organ that is either tracheobronchial or biliary or of arterial, venous, lymphatic or neural type. slot synonym: gives rise to :slot-inverse: branch of :slot-value-type: Class, Anatomical structure :direct-domain: Material anatomical entity :direct-superslots: regional part branch This document is about information artifacts and their representations A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity. is_about is a (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity. 7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic. person:Alan Ruttenberg Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy is about has_specified_input see is_input_of example_of_usage A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of. 8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Larry Hunter PERSON: Melanie Coutot has_specified_input is_specified_input_of some Autologous EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed B-LCL (B lymphocyte cell line) is_input_for instance of Chromum Release Assay described at https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of. Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters is_specified_input_of has_specified_output A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Larry Hunter PERSON: Melanie Courtot has_specified_output is_specified_output_of A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters is_specified_output_of achieves_planned_objective A cell sorting process achieves the objective specification 'material separation objective' This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process. BP, AR, PPPB branch PPPB branch derived modified according to email thread from 1/23/09 in accordince with DT and PPPB branch achieves_planned_objective This relation holds between some restorative material and some part of a tooth in which the restorative material restores or replaces lost tooth structure, oral tissues, tooth (structural) integrity, or tooth functioning. Bill Duncan 6/27/2012: This relation is intended to capture the relationship between restorative materials, such as amalagam, and the tooth (or teeth) that is being repaired. Some examples in which this relation obtains include fillings, crowns, bridges, and inlays. It is going to be a shortcut relation between the material, the tooth in which the material is located, and the site formed for the restoration (e.g., a hole formed by drilling). The details of this still need to be worked out. Titus Schleyer 1/1/2014: nice definition! PERSON: Bill Duncan Adapted from: Mosby's Dental Dictionary, 2nd Edition. page 580. Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_restoration is dental restoration of relates a health care encounter such as a inpatient, outpatient, or hospital stay to the next such encounter for the same patient. precedes is too general as it doesn't have any constraint on continuity of participants. However it is the case a visit precedes the next one. relation added as a convenience for survival analysis queries. Alan Ruttenberg next visit relates a health care encounter such as a inpatient, outpatient, or hospital stay to any subsequent such encounter for the same patient. relation added as a convenience for survival analysis queries. Alan Ruttenberg later visit inheres in this fragility is a characteristic of this vase this red color is a characteristic of this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. inheres_in Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing. characteristic of inheres in this fragility is a characteristic of this vase this red color is a characteristic of this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. inheres_in Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing. characteristic of bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility Inverse of characteristic_of A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of has characteristic bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility Inverse of characteristic_of A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of has characteristic participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process this investigator participates in this investigation a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in participates in participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process this investigator participates in this investigation a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in participates in has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant has participant has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant has participant A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants. is concretized as A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants. is concretized as A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant. concretizes A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant. concretizes this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. function_of is function of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. function of this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. function_of is function of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. function of this red color is a quality of this apple a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists. is quality of quality_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. quality of this red color is a quality of this apple a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists. is quality of quality_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. quality of this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. has_function has function this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. has_function has function this apple has quality this red color a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. has_quality has quality this apple has quality this red color a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. has_quality has quality this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. has_role has role this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. has_role has role a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has disposition a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has disposition inverse of has disposition This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. disposition of inverse of has disposition This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. disposition of is location of my head is the location of my brain this cage is the location of this rat a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ location_of location of is location of my head is the location of my brain this cage is the location of this rat a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ location_of location of located in my brain is located in my head this rat is located in this cage a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ located_in http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in located in https://wiki.geneontology.org/Located_in located in my brain is located in my head this rat is located in this cage a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ located_in http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in located in https://wiki.geneontology.org/Located_in David Osumi-Sutherland X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after David Osumi-Sutherland X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after David Osumi-Sutherland starts_at_end_of X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately preceded by David Osumi-Sutherland starts_at_end_of X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately preceded by David Osumi-Sutherland ends_at_start_of meets X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes David Osumi-Sutherland ends_at_start_of meets X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) overlaps x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) overlaps mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974) osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption' A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. has function realized in For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)". capable of mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974) osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption' A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. has function realized in For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)". capable of c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. has function in capable of part of c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. has function in capable of part of Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporally related to Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporally related to p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. consumes has input https://wiki.geneontology.org/Has_input p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. consumes has input https://wiki.geneontology.org/Has_input p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p. produces has output https://wiki.geneontology.org/Has_output p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p. produces has output https://wiki.geneontology.org/Has_output A gene product that has some activity, where that activity may be a part of a pathway or upstream of the pathway. c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process. affects acts upstream of or within https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of_or_within A gene product that has some activity, where that activity may be a part of a pathway or upstream of the pathway. c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process. affects acts upstream of or within https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of_or_within p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical entity and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss). This property and its subproperties are being used primarily for the definition of GO developmental processes. The property hierarchy mirrors the core GO hierarchy. In future we may be able to make do with a more minimal set of properties, but due to the way GO is currently structured we require highly specific relations to avoid incorrect entailments. To avoid this, the corresponding genus terms in GO should be declared mutually disjoint. results in developmental progression of p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical entity and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss). This property and its subproperties are being used primarily for the definition of GO developmental processes. The property hierarchy mirrors the core GO hierarchy. In future we may be able to make do with a more minimal set of properties, but due to the way GO is currently structured we require highly specific relations to avoid incorrect entailments. To avoid this, the corresponding genus terms in GO should be declared mutually disjoint. results in developmental progression of an annotation of gene X to anatomical structure formation with results_in_formation_of UBERON:0000007 (pituitary gland) means that at the beginning of the process a pituitary gland does not exist and at the end of the process a pituitary gland exists. every "endocardial cushion formation" (GO:0003272) results_in_formation_of some "endocardial cushion" (UBERON:0002062) GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013 results in formation of an annotation of gene X to anatomical structure formation with results_in_formation_of UBERON:0000007 (pituitary gland) means that at the beginning of the process a pituitary gland does not exist and at the end of the process a pituitary gland exists. every "endocardial cushion formation" (GO:0003272) results_in_formation_of some "endocardial cushion" (UBERON:0002062) GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013 results in formation of q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of characteristic of part of inheres in part of characteristic of part of q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of characteristic of part of inheres in part of characteristic of part of A mereological relationship or a topological relationship Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships mereotopologically related to A mereological relationship or a topological relationship Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships mereotopologically related to A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502) Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving organismal development developmentally related to A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502) Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving organismal development developmentally related to a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity c enables p iff c is capable of p and c acts to execute p. catalyzes executes has is catalyzing is executing This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized. enables https://wiki.geneontology.org/Enables a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity c enables p iff c is capable of p and c acts to execute p. catalyzes executes has is catalyzing is executing This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized. enables https://wiki.geneontology.org/Enables A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function functionally related to A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function functionally related to c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p actively involved in enables part of involved in https://wiki.geneontology.org/Involved_in c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p actively involved in enables part of involved in https://wiki.geneontology.org/Involved_in inverse of enables enabled by https://wiki.geneontology.org/Enabled_by inverse of enables enabled by https://wiki.geneontology.org/Enabled_by inverse of has input input of inverse of has input input of inverse of has output output of inverse of has output output of formed as result of formed as result of 'protein catabolic process' SubClassOf has_direct_input some protein p has direct input c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. directly consumes This is likely to be obsoleted. A candidate replacement would be a new relation 'has bound input' or 'has substrate' has direct input 'protein catabolic process' SubClassOf has_direct_input some protein p has direct input c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. directly consumes This is likely to be obsoleted. A candidate replacement would be a new relation 'has bound input' or 'has substrate' has direct input relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative? The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causally related to relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative? The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causally related to c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union involved in or reguates involved in or involved in regulation of c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union involved in or reguates involved in or involved in regulation of A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in process A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in process depends on depends on A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between material entity and a process A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between material entity and a process The genetic variant 'NM_007294.3(BRCA1):c.110C>A (p.Thr37Lys)' casues or contributes to the disease 'familial breast-ovarian cancer'. An environment of exposure to arsenic causes or contributes to the phenotype of patchy skin hyperpigmentation, and the disease 'skin cancer'. A relationship between an entity (e.g. a genotype, genetic variation, chemical, or environmental exposure) and a condition (a phenotype or disease), where the entity has some causal or contributing role that influences the condition. Note that relationships of phenotypes to organisms/strains that bear them, or diseases they are manifest in, should continue to use RO:0002200 ! 'has phenotype' and RO:0002201 ! 'phenotype of'. Genetic variations can span any level of granularity from a full genome or genotype to an individual gene or sequence alteration. These variations can be represented at the physical level (DNA/RNA macromolecules or their parts, as in the ChEBI ontology and Molecular Sequence Ontology) or at the abstract level (generically dependent continuant sequence features that are carried by these macromolecules, as in the Sequence Ontology and Genotype Ontology). The causal relations in this hierarchy can be used in linking either physical or abstract genetic variations to phenotypes or diseases they cause or contribute to. Environmental exposures include those imposed by natural environments, experimentally applied conditions, or clinical interventions. causes or contributes to condition The genetic variant 'NM_007294.3(BRCA1):c.110C>A (p.Thr37Lys)' casues or contributes to the disease 'familial breast-ovarian cancer'. An environment of exposure to arsenic causes or contributes to the phenotype of patchy skin hyperpigmentation, and the disease 'skin cancer'. A relationship between an entity (e.g. a genotype, genetic variation, chemical, or environmental exposure) and a condition (a phenotype or disease), where the entity has some causal or contributing role that influences the condition. Note that relationships of phenotypes to organisms/strains that bear them, or diseases they are manifest in, should continue to use RO:0002200 ! 'has phenotype' and RO:0002201 ! 'phenotype of'. Genetic variations can span any level of granularity from a full genome or genotype to an individual gene or sequence alteration. These variations can be represented at the physical level (DNA/RNA macromolecules or their parts, as in the ChEBI ontology and Molecular Sequence Ontology) or at the abstract level (generically dependent continuant sequence features that are carried by these macromolecules, as in the Sequence Ontology and Genotype Ontology). The causal relations in this hierarchy can be used in linking either physical or abstract genetic variations to phenotypes or diseases they cause or contribute to. Environmental exposures include those imposed by natural environments, experimentally applied conditions, or clinical interventions. causes or contributes to condition A relationship between an entity (e.g. a genotype, genetic variation, chemical, or environmental exposure) and a condition (a phenotype or disease), where the entity has some contributing role that influences the condition. contributes to condition A relationship between an entity (e.g. a genotype, genetic variation, chemical, or environmental exposure) and a condition (a phenotype or disease), where the entity has some contributing role that influences the condition. contributes to condition a data property that relates an individual patient to the literal string that represents the patient's id patient ID a data property that relates either: 1. a finding to the date on which it was recorded 2. a process to the date on which it occrred Bill Duncan 5/23/2012: There is a problem with occurrence date. The date on which an event occurred and the date on which it the event was recorded do not always match up. This will eventually need to be fixed. occurrence date a data property that relates an individual to the date on which the individual was born birth date a data property in which the values provide information as to whether a patient is actively being cared for by the practicet; takes values "active" and "inactive" 2022-12-06T01:11:57Z has patient activity status a data property used to record the date of a patient's first dental visit 2022-12-06T01:22:17Z first dental visit date a data property used to record the last date on which a patient had a dental visit 2022-12-06T01:23:31Z last dental visit date a data property whose value is an ADA universal tooth number that represents a tooth which is missing from a dentition Bill Duncan 01/03/2017: This data property provides a means to query for missing teeth. Since a missing tooth is not a tooth, it is wrong represent a missing tooth as an instance of a tooth. Rather, we represent a missing tooth by respresenting the instance of the dentition and then specify with this data property that the dentition is missing a tooth designated by the universtal tooth number. 2017-01-03T18:37:35Z missing tooth number a data property whose value is an ADA universal tooth number that represents the tooth associated with a tooth root that is missing from a dentition Bill Duncan 10/18/2017: This data property provides a means to query for missing tooth roots. Since a missing tooth root is not a tooth root, it is wrong represent a missing tooth root as an instance of a tooth root. Rather, we represent a missing tooth root by respresenting the instance of the dentition and then specify with this data property that the dentition is missing a tooth root that is associated with the tooth designated by the universtal tooth number. 2017-10-18T20:39:14Z missing tooth root number Sum of left of bilateral anatomical entity fma-part-module-to-owl fma-part-module-to-owl fma-part-module-to-owl Sum of right of bilateral anatomical entity fma-part-module-to-owl fma-part-module-to-owl entity Entity Julius Caesar Verdi’s Requiem the Second World War your body mass index BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81 Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) entity Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf per discussion with Barry Smith An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) continuant Continuant BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240 Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] continuant Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] occurrent Occurrent BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players. Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] occurrent Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. per discussion with Barry Smith Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] ic IndependentContinuant a chair a heart a leg a molecule a spatial region an atom an orchestra. an organism the bottom right portion of a human torso the interior of your mouth b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] independent continuant b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] s-region SpatialRegion BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes. Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] spatial region Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. per discussion with Barry Smith A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] t-region TemporalRegion Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001]) All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001]) Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002]) (forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001] (forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001] temporal region Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional per discussion with Barry Smith A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001]) All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001]) Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002]) (forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001] (forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001] 2d-s-region TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion an infinitely thin plane in space. the surface of a sphere-shaped part of space A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001]) (forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001] two-dimensional spatial region A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001]) (forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001] st-region SpatiotemporalRegion the spatiotemporal region occupied by a human life the spatiotemporal region occupied by a process of cellular meiosis. the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001]) All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001]) Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001]) Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001]) Every spatiotemporal region occupies_spatiotemporal_region itself. Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002]) (forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002] (forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001] (forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001] spatiotemporal region A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001]) All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001]) Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001]) Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001]) Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002]) (forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002] (forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001] (forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001] process Process a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart a process of meiosis a process of sleeping the course of a disease the flight of a bird the life of an organism your process of aging. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] process p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] disposition Disposition an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways. the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type. b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] disposition b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] realizable RealizableEntity the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity. the disposition of your blood to coagulate the function of your reproductive organs the role of being a doctor the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] realizable entity To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] 0d-s-region ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001] zero-dimensional spatial region A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001] quality Quality the ambient temperature of this portion of air the color of a tomato the length of the circumference of your waist the mass of this piece of gold. the shape of your nose the shape of your nostril a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] quality a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] sdc SpecificallyDependentContinuant Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates. the disposition of this fish to decay the function of this heart: to pump blood the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79 the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center the role of being a doctor the shape of this hole. the smell of this portion of mozzarella b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] specifically dependent continuant b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. per discussion with Barry Smith (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] role Role John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. the priest role the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories the role of a building in serving as a military target the role of a stone in marking a property boundary the role of subject in a clinical trial the student role BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives. b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] role b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] fiat-object-part FiatObjectPart or with divisions drawn by cognitive subjects for practical reasons, such as the division of a cake (before slicing) into (what will become) slices (and thus member parts of an object aggregate). However, this does not mean that fiat object parts are dependent for their existence on divisions or delineations effected by cognitive subjects. If, for example, it is correct to conceive geological layers of the Earth as fiat object parts of the Earth, then even though these layers were first delineated in recent times, still existed long before such delineation and what holds of these layers (for example that the oldest layers are also the lowest layers) did not begin to hold because of our acts of delineation.Treatment of material entity in BFOExamples viewed by some as problematic cases for the trichotomy of fiat object part, object, and object aggregate include: a mussel on (and attached to) a rock, a slime mold, a pizza, a cloud, a galaxy, a railway train with engine and multiple carriages, a clonal stand of quaking aspen, a bacterial community (biofilm), a broken femur. Note that, as Aristotle already clearly recognized, such problematic cases – which lie at or near the penumbra of instances defined by the categories in question – need not invalidate these categories. The existence of grey objects does not prove that there are not objects which are black and objects which are white; the existence of mules does not prove that there are not objects which are donkeys and objects which are horses. It does, however, show that the examples in question need to be addressed carefully in order to show how they can be fitted into the proposed scheme, for example by recognizing additional subdivisions [29 the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body. the Western hemisphere of the Earth the division of the brain into regions the division of the planet into hemispheres the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body the upper and lower lobes of the left lung BFO 2 Reference: Most examples of fiat object parts are associated with theoretically drawn divisions b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004]) (forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004] fiat object part b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004]) (forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004] 1d-s-region OneDimensionalSpatialRegion an edge of a cube-shaped portion of space. A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001] one-dimensional spatial region A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001] object-aggregate ObjectAggregate a collection of cells in a blood biobank. a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds a symphony orchestra an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team) defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint the aggregate of blood cells in your body the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere the restaurants in Palo Alto your collection of Meissen ceramic plates. An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee). ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] object aggregate An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] 3d-s-region ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion a cube-shaped region of space a sphere-shaped region of space, A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001]) (forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001] three-dimensional spatial region A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001]) (forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001] site Site Manhattan Canyon) a hole in the interior of a portion of cheese a rabbit hole an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport the Grand Canyon the Piazza San Marco the cockpit of an aircraft the hold of a ship the interior of a kangaroo pouch the interior of the trunk of your car the interior of your bedroom the interior of your office the interior of your refrigerator the lumen of your gut your left nostril (a fiat part – the opening – of your left nasal cavity) b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002]) (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002] site b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002]) (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002] object Object atom cell cells and organisms engineered artifacts grain of sand molecule organelle organism planet solid portions of matter star BFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting. BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below). BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47 BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entity BFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74 b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001]) object b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001]) gdc GenericallyDependentContinuant The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity. the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] generically dependent continuant b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] function Function the function of a hammer to drive in nails the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc. A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] function A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] p-boundary ProcessBoundary the boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life. p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001]) Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002]) (forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002] (iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001] process boundary p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001]) Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002]) (forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002] (iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001] 1d-t-region OneDimensionalTemporalRegion the temporal region during which a process occurs. BFO 2 Reference: A temporal interval is a special kind of one-dimensional temporal region, namely one that is self-connected (is without gaps or breaks). A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001] one-dimensional temporal region A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001] material MaterialEntity a flame a forest fire a human being a hurricane a photon a puff of smoke a sea wave a tornado an aggregate of human beings. an energy wave an epidemic the undetached arm of a human being An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60 BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity. BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here. A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] material entity A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] cf-boundary ContinuantFiatBoundary b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001]) BFO 2 Reference: In BFO 1.1 the assumption was made that the external surface of a material entity such as a cell could be treated as if it were a boundary in the mathematical sense. The new document propounds the view that when we talk about external surfaces of material objects in this way then we are talking about something fiat. To be dealt with in a future version: fiat boundaries at different levels of granularity.More generally, the focus in discussion of boundaries in BFO 2.0 is now on fiat boundaries, which means: boundaries for which there is no assumption that they coincide with physical discontinuities. The ontology of boundaries becomes more closely allied with the ontology of regions. BFO 2 Reference: a continuant fiat boundary is a boundary of some material entity (for example: the plane separating the Northern and Southern hemispheres; the North Pole), or it is a boundary of some immaterial entity (for example of some portion of airspace). Three basic kinds of continuant fiat boundary can be distinguished (together with various combination kinds [29 Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions. Every continuant fiat boundary is located at some spatial region at every time at which it exists (iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001] continuant fiat boundary b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001]) Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions. (iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001] immaterial ImmaterialEntity BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10 immaterial entity 1d-cf-boundary OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary The Equator all geopolitical boundaries all lines of latitude and longitude the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin. the median sulcus of your tongue a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001]) (iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001] one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001]) (iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001] process-profile ProcessProfile On a somewhat higher level of complexity are what we shall call rate process profiles, which are the targets of selective abstraction focused not on determinate quality magnitudes plotted over time, but rather on certain ratios between these magnitudes and elapsed times. A speed process profile, for example, is represented by a graph plotting against time the ratio of distance covered per unit of time. Since rates may change, and since such changes, too, may have rates of change, we have to deal here with a hierarchy of process profile universals at successive levels One important sub-family of rate process profiles is illustrated by the beat or frequency profiles of cyclical processes, illustrated by the 60 beats per minute beating process of John’s heart, or the 120 beats per minute drumming process involved in one of John’s performances in a rock band, and so on. Each such process includes what we shall call a beat process profile instance as part, a subtype of rate process profile in which the salient ratio is not distance covered but rather number of beat cycles per unit of time. Each beat process profile instance instantiates the determinable universal beat process profile. But it also instantiates multiple more specialized universals at lower levels of generality, selected from rate process profilebeat process profileregular beat process profile3 bpm beat process profile4 bpm beat process profileirregular beat process profileincreasing beat process profileand so on.In the case of a regular beat process profile, a rate can be assigned in the simplest possible fashion by dividing the number of cycles by the length of the temporal region occupied by the beating process profile as a whole. Irregular process profiles of this sort, for example as identified in the clinic, or in the readings on an aircraft instrument panel, are often of diagnostic significance. The simplest type of process profiles are what we shall call ‘quality process profiles’, which are the process profiles which serve as the foci of the sort of selective abstraction that is involved when measurements are made of changes in single qualities, as illustrated, for example, by process profiles of mass, temperature, aortic pressure, and so on. b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002]) b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005]) (forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005] (iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002] process profile b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002]) b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005]) (forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005] (iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002] r-quality RelationalQuality John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. a marriage bond, an instance of requited love, an obligation between one person and another. b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001]) (iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001] relational quality b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001]) (iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001] 2d-cf-boundary TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001]) (iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001] two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001]) (iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001] 0d-cf-boundary ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary the geographic North Pole the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system. the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001]) (iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001] zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. requested by Melanie Courtot a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001]) (iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001] 0d-t-region ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion a temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary right now the moment at which a child is born the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident the moment of death. temporal instant. A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001] zero-dimensional temporal region A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001] history History A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001]) history A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001]) Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a clade and, at some point in its life-cycle, consists of more than one cell. CARO:0000012 MH: Can't define this class based on 2 or more cells because most multi cellular organisms (if not all) have only a single cell at some point in life history. MH: sexual subtypes should probably be logically defined based on sexual processes or sex qualities. multicellular organism Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes. CARO:0000027 male organism Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes. CARO:0000028 female organism Multi-cellular organism that has male and female sexes. monoecious organism CARO:0000048 gonochoristic organism monoecious organism RELATED An evaluation performed on a patient of record to determine any changes in the patients dental and medical health status since a previous comprehensive or periodic evaluation. This includes an oral cancer evaluation and periodontal screening where indicated, and may require interpretation of information acquired through additional diagnostic procedures. Report additional diagnostic procedures separately. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 periodic oral evaluation - established patient D0120 billing code D0120: periodic oral evaluation - established patient An evaluation limited to a specific oral health problem or complaint. This may require interpretation of information acquired through additional diagnostic procedures. Report additional diagnostic procedures separately. Definitive procedures may be required on the same date as the evaluation. Typically, patients receiving this type of evaluation present with a specific problem and/or dental emergencies, trauma, acute infections, etc. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 limited oral evaluation - problem focused D0140 billing code D0140: limited oral evaluation - problem focused Used by a general dentist and/or a specialist when evaluating a patient comprehensively. This applies to new patients; established patients who have had a significant change in health conditions or other unusual circumstances, by report, or established patients who have been absent from active treatment for three or more years. It is a thorough evaluation and recording of the extraoral and intraoral hard and soft tissues. It may require interpretation of information acquired through additional diagnostic procedures. Additional diagnostic procedures should be reported separately. This includes an evaluation for oral cancer where indicated, the evaluation and recording of the patients dental and medical history and a general health assessment. It may include the evaluation and recording of dental caries, missing or unerupted teeth, restorations, existing prostheses, occlusal relationships, periodontal conditions (including periodontal screening and/or charting), hard and soft tissue anomalies, etc. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 comprehensive oral evaluation - new or established patient D0150 billing code D0150: comprehensive oral evaluation - new or established patient A detailed and extensive problem focused evaluation entails extensive diagnostic and cognitive modalities based on the findings of a comprehensive oral evaluation. Integration of more extensive diagnostic modalities to develop a treatment plan for a specific problem is required. The condition requiring this type of evaluation should be described and documented. Examples of conditions requiring this type of evaluation may include dentofacial anomalies, complicated perio-prosthetic conditions, complex temporomandibular dysfunction, facial pain of unknown origin, conditions requiring multi-disciplinary consultation, etc. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 A narrative explaining the treatment provided must be included with a claim submission that uses this code. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 detailed and extensive oral evaluation - problem focused, by report D0160 billing code D0160: detailed and extensive oral evaluation - problem focused, by report This procedure is indicated for patients showing signs or symptoms of periodontal disease and for patients with risk factors such as smoking or diabetes. It includes evaluation of periodontal conditions, probing and charting, evaluation and recording of the patients dental and medical history and general health assessment. It may include the evaluation and recording of dental caries, missing or unerupted teeth, restorations, occlusal relationships and oral cancer evaluation. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 comprehensive periodontal evaluation - new or established patient D0180 billing code D0180: comprehensive periodontal evaluation - new or established patient Mechanically and/or chemically prepared enamel surface sealed to prevent decay. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 sealant - per tooth D1351 billing code D1351: sealant - per tooth Conservative restoration of an active cavitated lesion in a pit or fissure that does not extend into dentin; includes placement of a sealant in any radiating non-carious fissures or pits. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 preventive resin restoration in a moderate to high caries risk patient - permanent tooth D1352 billing code D1352: preventive resin restoration in a moderate to high caries risk patient - permanent tooth 1 amalgam - one surface, primary or permanent D2140 billing code D2140: amalgam - one surface, primary or permanent 2 amalgam - two surfaces, primary or permanent D2150 billing code D2150: amalgam - two surfaces, primary or permanent 3 amalgam - three surfaces, primary or permanent D2160 billing code D2160: amalgam - three surfaces, primary or permanent 4 amalgam - four or more surfaces, primary or permanent D2161 billing code D2161: amalgam - four or more surfaces, primary or permanent resin-based composite - one surface, anterior D2330 billing code D2330: resin-based composite - one surface, anterior resin-based composite - two surfaces, anterior D2331 billing code D2331: resin-based composite - two surfaces, anterior resin-based composite - three surfaces, anterior D2332 billing code D2332: resin-based composite - three surfaces, anterior Incisal angle to be defined as one of the angles formed by the junction of the incisal and the mesial or distal surface of an anterior tooth. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 resin-based composite - four or more surfaces or involving incisal angle (anterior) D2335 billing code D2335: resin-based composite - four or more surfaces or involving incisal angle (anterior) Full resin-based composite coverage of tooth. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 resin-based composite crown, anterior D2390 billing code D2390: resin-based composite crown, anterior Used to restore a carious lesion into the dentin or a deeply eroded area into the dentin. Not a preventive procedure. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 resin-based composite - one surface, posterior D2391 billing code D2391: resin-based composite - one surface, posterior resin-based composite - two surfaces, posterior D2392 billing code D2392: resin-based composite - two surfaces, posterior resin-based composite - three surfaces, posterior D2393 billing code D2393: resin-based composite - three surfaces, posterior resin-based composite - four or more surfaces, posterior D2394 billing code D2394: resin-based composite - four or more surfaces, posterior 1 gold foil - one surface D2410 billing code D2410: gold foil - one surface 2 gold foil - two surfaces D2420 billing code D2420: gold foil - two surfaces 3 gold foil - three surfaces D2430 billing code D2430: gold foil - three surfaces inlay - metallic - one surface D2510 billing code D2510: inlay - metallic - one surface inlay - metallic - two surfaces D2520 billing code D2520: inlay - metallic - two surfaces inlay - metallic - three or more surfaces D2530 billing code D2530: inlay - metallic - three or more surfaces onlay - metallic - two surfaces D2542 billing code D2542: onlay - metallic - two surfaces onlay - metallic - three surfaces D2543 billing code D2543: onlay - metallic - three surfaces onlay - metallic - four or more surfaces D2544 billing code D2544: onlay - metallic - four or more surfaces inlay - porcelain/ceramic - one surface D2610 billing code D2610: inlay - porcelain/ceramic - one surface inlay - porcelain/ceramic - two surfaces D2620 billing code D2620: inlay - porcelain/ceramic - two surfaces inlay - porcelain/ceramic - three or more surfaces D2630 billing code D2630: inlay - porcelain/ceramic - three or more surfaces onlay - porcelain/ceramic - two surfaces D2642 billing code D2642: onlay - porcelain/ceramic - two surfaces onlay - porcelain/ceramic - three surfaces D2643 billing code D2643: onlay - porcelain/ceramic - three surfaces onlay - porcelain/ceramic - four or more surfaces D2644 billing code D2644: onlay - porcelain/ceramic - four or more surfaces inlay - resin-based composite - one surface D2650 billing code D2650: inlay - resin-based composite - one surface inlay - resin-based composite - two surfaces D2651 billing code D2651: inlay - resin-based composite - two surfaces inlay - resin-based composite - three or more surfaces D2652 billing code D2652: inlay - resin-based composite - three or more surfaces onlay - resin-based composite - two surfaces D2662 billing code D2662: onlay - resin-based composite - two surfaces onlay - resin-based composite - three surfaces D2663 billing code D2663: onlay - resin-based composite - three surfaces onlay - resin-based composite - four or more surfaces D2664 billing code D2664: onlay - resin-based composite - four or more surfaces Unfilled or non-reinforced resin crowns should be reported using D2999. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 crown - resin-based composite (indirect) D2710 billing code D2710: crown - resin-based composite (indirect) This code does not include facial veneers. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 crown - 3/4 resin-based composite (indirect) D2712 billing code D2712: crown - 3/4 resin-based composite (indirect) crown - resin with high noble metal D2720 billing code D2720: crown - resin with high noble metal crown - resin with predominantly base metal D2721 billing code D2721: crown - resin with predominantly base metal crown - resin with noble metal D2722 billing code D2722: crown - resin with noble metal crown - porcelain/ceramic substrate D2740 billing code D2740: crown - porcelain/ceramic substrate crown - porcelain fused to high noble metal D2750 billing code D2750: crown - porcelain fused to high noble metal crown - porcelain fused to predominantly base metal D2751 billing code D2751: crown - porcelain fused to predominantly base metal crown - porcelain fused to noble metal D2752 billing code D2752: crown - porcelain fused to noble metal crown - 3/4 cast high noble metal D2780 billing code D2780: crown - 3/4 cast high noble metal crown - 3/4 cast predominantly base metal D2781 billing code D2781: crown - 3/4 cast predominantly base metal crown - 3/4 cast noble metal D2782 billing code D2782: crown - 3/4 cast noble metal This code does not include facial veneers. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 crown - 3/4 porcelain/ceramic D2783 billing code D2783: crown - 3/4 porcelain/ceramic crown - full cast high noble metal D2790 billing code D2790: crown - full cast high noble metal crown - full cast predominantly base metal D2791 billing code D2791: crown - full cast predominantly base metal crown - full cast noble metal D2792 billing code D2792: crown - full cast noble metal crown - titanium D2794 billing code D2794: crown - titanium Crown utilized as an interim restoration of at least six months duration during restorative treatment to allow adequate time for healing or completion of other procedures. This includes, but is not limited to changing vertical dimension, completing periodontal therapy or cracked-tooth syndrome. This is not to be used as a temporary crown for a routine prosthetic restoration. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 provisional crown D2799 billing code D2799: provisional crown prefabricated stainless steel crown - permanent tooth D2931 billing code D2931: prefabricated stainless steel crown - permanent tooth prefabricated resin crown D2932 billing code D2932: prefabricated resin crown Open-face stainless steel crown with aesthetic resin facing or veneer. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 prefabricated stainless steel crown with resin window D2933 billing code D2933: prefabricated stainless steel crown with resin window Direct placement of a temporary restorative material to protect tooth and/ or tissue form. This procedure may be used to relieve pain, promote healing, or prevent further deterioration. Not to be used for endodontic access closure, or as a base or liner under a restoration. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 protective restoration D2940 billing code D2940: protective restoration Refers to building up of anatomical crown when restorative crown will be placed, whether or not pins are used. A material is placed in the tooth preparation for a crown when there is insufficient tooth strength and retention for the crown procedure. This should not be reported when the procedure only involves a filler to eliminate any undercut, box form, or concave irregularity in the preparation. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 core buildup, including any pins D2950 billing code D2950: core buildup, including any pins Post and core are custom fabricated as a single unit. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 post and core in addition to crown, indirectly fabricated D2952 billing code D2952: post and core in addition to crown, indirectly fabricated Core is built around a prefabricated post. This procedure includes the core material. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 prefabricated post and core in addition to crown D2954 billing code D2954: prefabricated post and core in addition to crown Refers to labial/facial direct resin bonded veneers. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 labial veneer (resin laminate) - chairside D2960 billing code D2960: labial veneer (resin laminate) - chairside Refers to labial/facial indirect resin bonded veneers. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 labial veneer (resin laminate) - laboratory D2961 billing code D2961: labial veneer (resin laminate) - laboratory Refers also to facial veneers that extend interproximally and/or cover the incisal edge. Porcelain/ceramic veneers presently include all ceramic and porcelain veneers. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 labial veneer (porcelain laminate) - laboratory D2962 billing code D2962: labial veneer (porcelain laminate) - laboratory Usually a preformed artificial crown, which is fitted over a damaged tooth as an immediate protective device. This is not to be used as temporization during crown fabrication. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 temporary crown (fractured tooth) D2970 billing code D2970: temporary crown (fractured tooth) Pulpotomy is the surgical removal of a portion of the pulp with the aim of maintaining the vitality of the remaining portion by means of an adequate dressing. To be performed on primary or permanent teeth. This is not to be construed as the first stage of root canal therapy. Not to be used for apexogenesis. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 therapeutic pulpotomy (excluding final restoration) - removal of pulp coronal to the dentinocemental junction and application of medicament D3220 billing code D3220: therapeutic pulpotomy (excluding final restoration) - removal of pulp coronal to the dentinocemental junction and application of medicament Pulpal debridement for the relief of acute pain prior to conventional root canal therapy. This procedure is not to be used when endodontic treatment is completed on the same day. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 pulpal debridement, primary and permanent teeth D3221 billing code D3221: pulpal debridement, primary and permanent teeth Removal of a portion of the pulp and application of a medicament with the aim of maintaining the vitality of the remaining portion to encourage continued physiological development and formation of the root. This procedure is not to be construed as the first stage of root canal therapy. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 partial pulpotomy for apexogenesis - permanent tooth with incomplete root development D3222 billing code D3222: partial pulpotomy for apexogenesis - permanent tooth with incomplete root development endodontic therapy, anterior tooth (excluding final restoration) D3310 billing code D3310: endodontic therapy, anterior tooth (excluding final restoration) endodontic therapy, bicuspid tooth (excluding final restoration) D3320 billing code D3320: endodontic therapy, bicuspid tooth (excluding final restoration) endodontic therapy, molar (excluding final restoration) D3330 billing code D3330: endodontic therapy, molar (excluding final restoration) retreatment of previous root canal therapy - anterior D3346 billing code D3346: retreatment of previous root canal therapy - anterior retreatment of previous root canal therapy - bicuspid D3347 billing code D3347: retreatment of previous root canal therapy - bicuspid retreatment of previous root canal therapy - molar D3348 billing code D3348: retreatment of previous root canal therapy - molar For surgery on root of anterior tooth. Does not include placement of retrograde filling material. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 apicoectomy/periradicular surgery - anterior D3410 billing code D3410: apicoectomy/periradicular surgery - anterior For surgery on one root of a bicuspid. Does not include placement of retrograde filling material. If more than one root is treated, see D3426. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 apicoectomy/periradicular surgery - bicuspid (first root) D3421 billing code D3421: apicoectomy/periradicular surgery - bicuspid (first root) For surgery on one root of a molar tooth. Does not include placement of retrograde filling material. If more than one root is treated, see D3426. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 apicoectomy/periradicular surgery - molar (first root) D3425 billing code D3425: apicoectomy/periradicular surgery - molar (first root) Root resection of a multi-rooted tooth while leaving the crown. If the crown is sectioned, see D3920. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 root amputation - per root D3450 billing code D3450: root amputation - per root Includes separation of a multi-rooted tooth into separate sections containing the root and the overlying portion of the crown. It may also include the removal of one or more of those sections. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 hemisection (including any root removal), not including root canal therapy D3920 billing code D3920: hemisection (including any root removal), not including root canal therapy Not to be used as a temporary or provisional prosthesis. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 pontic - indirect resin based composite D6205 billing code D6205: pontic - indirect resin based composite pontic - cast high noble metal D6210 billing code D6210: pontic - cast high noble metal pontic - cast predominantly base metal D6211 billing code D6211: pontic - cast predominantly base metal pontic - cast noble metal D6212 billing code D6212: pontic - cast noble metal pontic - titanium D6214 billing code D6214: pontic - titanium pontic - porcelain fused to high noble metal D6240 billing code D6240: pontic - porcelain fused to high noble metal pontic - porcelain fused to predominantly base metal D6241 billing code D6241: pontic - porcelain fused to predominantly base metal pontic - porcelain fused to noble metal D6242 billing code D6242: pontic - porcelain fused to noble metal pontic - porcelain/ceramic D6245 billing code D6245: pontic - porcelain/ceramic pontic - resin with high noble metal D6250 billing code D6250: pontic - resin with high noble metal pontic - resin with predominantly base metal D6251 billing code D6251: pontic - resin with predominantly base metal pontic - resin with noble metal D6252 billing code D6252: pontic - resin with noble metal Pontic utilized as an interim of at least six months duration during restorative treatment to allow adequate time for healing or completion of other procedures. This is not to be used as a temporary pontic for routine prosthetic fixed partial dentures. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 provisional pontic D6253 billing code D6253: provisional pontic Pontic used as an interim restoration for a duration of less than six months when a final impression is not made to allow adequate time for healing or completion of definitive treatment planning. This is not a temporary pontic for routine prosthetic fixed partial denture restoration. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 interim pontic D6254 billing code D6254: interim pontic retainer - cast metal for resin bonded fixed prosthesis D6545 billing code D6545: retainer - cast metal for resin bonded fixed prosthesis retainer - porcelain/ceramic for resin bonded fixed prosthesis D6548 billing code D6548: retainer - porcelain/ceramic for resin bonded fixed prosthesis inlay - porcelain/ceramic, two surfaces D6600 billing code D6600: inlay - porcelain/ceramic, two surfaces inlay - porcelain/ceramic, three or more surfaces D6601 billing code D6601: inlay - porcelain/ceramic, three or more surfaces inlay - cast high noble metal, two surfaces D6602 billing code D6602: inlay - cast high noble metal, two surfaces inlay - cast high noble metal, three or more surfaces D6603 billing code D6603: inlay - cast high noble metal, three or more surfaces inlay - cast predominantly base metal, two surfaces D6604 billing code D6604: inlay - cast predominantly base metal, two surfaces inlay - cast predominantly base metal, three or more surfaces D6605 billing code D6605: inlay - cast predominantly base metal, three or more surfaces inlay - cast noble metal, two surfaces D6606 billing code D6606: inlay - cast noble metal, two surfaces inlay - cast noble metal, three or more surfaces D6607 billing code D6607: inlay - cast noble metal, three or more surfaces onlay -porcelain/ceramic, two surfaces D6608 billing code D6608: onlay -porcelain/ceramic, two surfaces onlay - porcelain/ceramic, three or more surfaces D6609 billing code D6609: onlay - porcelain/ceramic, three or more surfaces onlay - cast high noble metal, two surfaces D6610 billing code D6610: onlay - cast high noble metal, two surfaces onlay - cast high noble metal, three or more surfaces D6611 billing code D6611: onlay - cast high noble metal, three or more surfaces onlay - cast predominantly base metal, two surfaces D6612 billing code D6612: onlay - cast predominantly base metal, two surfaces onlay - cast predominantly base metal, three or more surfaces D6613 billing code D6613: onlay - cast predominantly base metal, three or more surfaces onlay - cast noble metal, two surfaces D6614 billing code D6614: onlay - cast noble metal, two surfaces onlay - cast noble metal, three or more surfaces D6615 billing code D6615: onlay - cast noble metal, three or more surfaces inlay - titanium D6624 billing code D6624: inlay - titanium onlay - titanium D6634 billing code D6634: onlay - titanium Not to be used as a temporary or provisional prosthesis. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 crown - indirect resin based composite D6710 billing code D6710: crown - indirect resin based composite crown - resin with high noble metal D6720 billing code D6720: crown - resin with high noble metal crown - resin with predominantly base metal D6721 billing code D6721: crown - resin with predominantly base metal crown - resin with noble metal D6722 billing code D6722: crown - resin with noble metal crown - porcelain/ceramic D6740 billing code D6740: crown - porcelain/ceramic crown - porcelain fused to high noble metal D6750 billing code D6750: crown - porcelain fused to high noble metal crown - porcelain fused to predominantly base metal D6751 billing code D6751: crown - porcelain fused to predominantly base metal crown - porcelain fused to noble metal D6752 billing code D6752: crown - porcelain fused to noble metal crown - 3/4 cast high noble metal D6780 billing code D6780: crown - 3/4 cast high noble metal crown - 3/4 cast predominantly base metal D6781 billing code D6781: crown - 3/4 cast predominantly base metal crown - 3/4 cast noble metal D6782 billing code D6782: crown - 3/4 cast noble metal crown - 3/4 porcelain/ceramic D6783 billing code D6783: crown - 3/4 porcelain/ceramic crown - full cast high noble metal D6790 billing code D6790: crown - full cast high noble metal crown - full cast predominantly base metal D6791 billing code D6791: crown - full cast predominantly base metal crown - full cast noble metal D6792 billing code D6792: crown - full cast noble metal Retainer crown utilized as an interim of at least six months duration during restorative treatment to allow adequate time for healing or completion of other procedures. This is not to be used as a temporary retainer crown for routine prosthetic fixed partial dentures. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 provisional retainer crown D6793 billing code D6793: provisional retainer crown crown - titanium D6794 billing code D6794: crown - titanium Retainer crown used as an interim restoration for a duration of less than six months when a final impression is not made to allow adequate time for healing or completion of definitive treatment planning. This is not a temporary retainer crown for routine prosthetic fixed partial denture restoration. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 interim retainer crown D6795 billing code D6795: interim retainer crown Post and core are custom fabricated as a single unit. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 post and core in addition to fixed partial denture retainer, indirectly fabricated D6970 billing code D6970: post and core in addition to fixed partial denture retainer, indirectly fabricated prefabricated post and core in addition to fixed partial denture retainer D6972 billing code D6972: prefabricated post and core in addition to fixed partial denture retainer core build up for retainer, including any pins D6973 billing code D6973: core build up for retainer, including any pins For information on the datetimestamp formate see: http://www.schemacentral.com/sc/xsd11/t-xsd_dateTimeStamp.html 2003-01-01T00:00:00-5:00 single tooth D7110 billing code D7110: single tooth For information on the datetimestamp formate see: http://www.schemacentral.com/sc/xsd11/t-xsd_dateTimeStamp.html To be reported for an additional extraction in the same quadrant at the same visit. cdt3 users manual: current dental terminology version 2000 2003-01-01T00:00:00-5:00 each additional tooth D7120 billing code D7120: each additional tooth Includes routine removal of tooth structure, minor smoothing of socket bone, and closure, as necessary. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 extraction, erupted tooth or exposed root (elevation and/or forceps removal) D7140 billing code D7140: extraction, erupted tooth or exposed root (elevation and/or forceps removal) Includes related cutting of gingiva and bone, removal of tooth structure, minor smoothing of socket bone and closure. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 surgical removal of erupted tooth requiring removal of bone and/or sectioning of tooth, and including elevation of mucoperiosteal flap if indicated D7210 billing code D7210: surgical removal of erupted tooth requiring removal of bone and/or sectioning of tooth, and including elevation of mucoperiosteal flap if indicated This is typically reported on a per visit basis for emergency treatment of dental pain. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 palliative (emergency) treatment of dental pain - minor procedure This is typically reported on a "per visit" basis for emergency treatment of dental pain. D9110 billing code D9110: palliative (emergency) treatment of dental pain - minor procedure This is typically reported on a "per visit" basis for emergency treatment of dental pain. A current dental terminology code is a centrally registered identifier that is maintained by the American Dental Association and used for recording dental services provided. It is typically used on the patient record, and when reporting procedures on a paper or electronic submission. current dental terminology code Tooth preparation, all adhesives (including amalgam bonding agents), liners and bases are included as part of the restoration. If pins are used, they should be reported separately (see D2951). ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 amalgam restorations (including polishing) billing code for amalgam restorations (including polishing) inlay/onlay restorations - metallic billing code for inlay/onlay restorations - metallic fixed partial denture pontics billing code for fixed partial denture pontics Each retainer and each pontic constitutes a unit in a fixed partial denture. Local anesthesia is usually considered to be part of Fixed Prosthodontic procedures. The term 'fixed partial denture' replaces the words 'bridge' and 'bridgework' throughout this section. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 prosthodontics, fixed billing code for prosthodontics, fixed fixed partial denture retainers - crowns billing code for fixed partial denture retainers - crowns adjunctive general services billing code for adjunctive general services inlay/onlay restorations billing code for inlay/onlay restorations other endodontic procedures billing code for other endodontic procedures Resin-based composite inlays/onlays must utilize indirect technique. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 inlay/onlay restorations - resin-based composite billing code for inlay/onlay restorations - resin-based composite Includes primary teeth without succedaneous teeth and permanent teeth. Complete root canal therapy; pulpectomy is part of root canal therapy. Includes all appointments necessary to complete treatment; also includes intra-operative radiographs. Does not include diagnostic evaluation and necessary radiographs/diagnostic images. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 endodontic therapy (including treatment plan, clinical procedures and follow-up care) billing code for endodontic therapy (including treatment plan, clinical procedures and follow-up care) other fixed partial denture services billing code for other fixed partial denture services Resin-based composite refers to a broad category of materials including but not limited to composites. May include bonded composite, light-cured composite, etc. Tooth preparation, acid etching, adhesives (including resin bonding agents), liners and bases and curing are included as part of the restoration. Glass ionomers, when used as restorations, should be reported with these codes. If pins are used, they should be reported separately (see D2951). ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 resin-based composite restorations - direct billing code for resin-based composite restorations - direct Porcelain/ceramic inlays/onlays include all indirect ceramic and porcelain type inlays/onlays. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 inlay/onlay restorations - porcelain/ceramic billing code for inlay/onlay restorations - porcelain/ceramic The codes in this section recognize the cognitive skills necessary for patient evaluation. The collection and recording of some data and components of the dental examination may be delegated; however, the evaluation, which includes diagnosis and treatment planning, is the responsibility of the dentist. As with all ADA procedure codes, there is no distinction made between the evaluations provided by general practitioners and specialists. Report additional diagnostic and/or definitive procedures separately. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 clinical oral evaluations billing code for clinical oral evaluations surgical extractions (includes local anesthesia, suturing, if needed, and routine postoperative care) billing code for surgical extractions (includes local anesthesia, suturing, if needed, and routine postoperative care) Local anesthesia is usually considered to be part of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical procedures. For dental benefit reporting purposes a quadrant is defined as four or more contiguous teeth and/or teeth spaces distal to the midline. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 oral and maxillofacial surgery billing code for oral and maxillofacial surgery fixed partial denture retainers - inlays/onlays billing code for fixed partial denture retainers - inlays/onlays gold foil restorations billing code for gold foil restorations pulpotomy billing code for pulpotomy unclassified treatment billing code for unclassified treatment Local anesthesia is usually considered to be part of Restorative procedures. A one-surface posterior restoration is one in which the restoration involves only one of the five surface classifications (mesial, distal, occlusal, lingual, or facial, including buccal and labial). A two-surface posterior restoration is one in which the restoration extends to two of the five surface classifications. A three-surface posterior restoration is one in which the restoration extends to three of the five surface classifications. A four-or-more surface posterior restoration is one in which the restoration extends to four or more of the five surface classifications. A one-surface anterior proximal restoration is one in which neither the lingual nor the facial margins of the restoration extend beyond the line angle. A two-surface anterior proximal restoration is one in which either the lingual or facial margin of the restoration extends beyond the line angle. A three-surface anterior proximal restoration is one in which both the lingual and facial margins of the restorations extend beyond the line angle. A four-or-more surface anterior restoration is one in which both the lingual and facial margins extend beyond the line angle and the incisal angle is involved. This restoration might also involve all four surfaces of an anterior tooth and not involve the incisal angle. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 restorative billing code for restorative Classification of Materials Classification of Metals (Source: ADA Council on Scientific Affairs) The noble metal classification system has been adopted as a more precise method of reporting various alloys used in dentistry. The alloys are defined on the basis of the percentage of metal content: high noble - Gold (Au), Palladium (Pd), and/or Platinum (Pt) greater than or equql to 60% (with at least 40% Au); titanium and titanium alloys - Titanium (Ti) greater than 85%; noble - Gold (Au), Palladium (Pd), and/or Platinum (Pt) greater than or equal to 25%; predominantly base - Gold (Au), Palladium (Pd), and/or Platinum (Pt) less than 25% Porcelain/ceramic Refers to those non-metal, non-resin inorganic refractory compounds processed at high temperatures (600¬∫C/1112¬∫F and above) and pressed, polished or milled - including porcelains, glasses, and glass-ceramics. Resin Refers to any resin-based composite, including fiber or ceramic reinforced polymer compounds. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 crowns - single restorations only billing code for crowns - single restorations only preventative billing code for preventative other preventive services billing code for other preventive services other restorative services billing code for other restorative services diagnostic billing code for diagnostic Periradicular surgery is a term used to describe surgery to the root surface (e.g., apicoectomy), repair of a root perforation or resorptive defect, exploratory curettage to look for root fractures, removal of extruded filling materials or instruments, removal of broken root fragments, sealing of accessory canals, etc. This does not include retrograde filling material placement. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 apicoectomy/periradicular services billing code for apicoectomy/periradicular services This procedure may include the removal of a post, pin(s), old root canal filling material, and the procedures necessary to prepare the canals and place the canal filling. This includes complete root canal therapy. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 endodontic retreatment billing code for endodontic retreatment Local anesthesia is usually considered to be part of Endodontic procedures. ISBN:1935201387#CDT 2011-2012 Current Dental Terminology, Chapter 1 endodontics billing code for endodontics extractions (includes local anesthesia, suturing, if needed, and routine postoperative care) billing code for extractions (includes local anesthesia, suturing, if needed, and routine postoperative care) An exposure to chemical role. exposure to chemical role exposure to chemical with chemical role true An exposure to chemical role. exposure to chemical role exposure to chemical with chemical role A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to quality. quality exposure exposure to environmental quality true A exposure event involving the interaction of an exposure receptor to quality. quality exposure exposure to environmental quality An exposure to acid. exposure to acid exposure to acids true An exposure to acid. exposure to acid exposure to acids An interaction between an exposure stressor and an exposure_receptor. cmattin 2010-09-21T02:47:00Z exposure_event ExO:0000002 exposure event An interaction between an exposure stressor and an exposure_receptor. CTD:curators cmattin 2010-09-21T02:47:00Z exposure_event ExO:0000002 exposure event <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Organ zone<br><b>subclasses</b>: Zone of pectoralis minor, Myotendinous region of muscle organ, Zone of teres major, Zone of muscle of head, Zone of muscle organ of lower limb, Zone of biceps brachii, Zone of intercostal muscle, Zone of subscapularis, Zone of flexor digitorum superficialis, Zone of coracobrachialis, Zone of levator costae, Zone of multifidus, Zone of rectus abdominis, Zone of longissimus thoracis, Zone of flexor digitorum longus, Zone of extensor digitorum longus, Zone of external anal sphincter, Zone of levator ani, Zone of male external sphincter urethrae, Zone of supinator, Zone of deltoid, Zone of transversus abdominis, Zone of internal oblique, Zone of external oblique, Zone of diaphragm, Zone of pectoralis major, Zone of trapezius, Zone of platysma, Zone of oblique arytenoid, Zone of thyro-arytenoid, Zone of cricothyroid, Zone of cricopharyngeus, Zone of palatopharyngeus, Zone of inferior pharyngeal constrictor, Zone of middle pharyngeal constrictor, Zone of superior pharyngeal constrictor, Zone of longus colli, Zone of iliocostalis lumborum<br><b>:slot-templates</b>: attaches to <i>value-type</i>: Zone of bone organ, attaches to <i>value-type</i>: Membrane organ, attaches to <i>value-type</i>: Ligament organ, attaches to <i>value-type</i>: Fascia organ, attaches to <i>value-type</i>: Bone organ, attaches to <i>value-type</i>: Class, muscle attachment <i>value-type</i>: Muscle (subdivision) attachment relation, muscle attachment <i>value-type</i>: Instance<br><b>:direct-template-slots</b>: muscle attachment, primary segmental supply, secondary segmental supply<br><b>preferred name</b>: KB_INSTANCE_09433<br><b>synonym</b>: KB_AUTO-INSERT2_6984 Zone of muscle organ fma-part-module-to-owl true type: class is-a: Organ zone subclasses: Head proper of fibula, Waist of scaphoid, Hamate proper, Distal epiphysis of phalanx of hand, Zone of calcaneus, Middle part of inferior nasal concha, Head of stapes, Head of rib, Head of mandible, Zone of hook of hamate, Handle of malleus, Condyle, Tuber, Apophysis, Bone marrow, Zone of patella, Zone of sternum, Zone of irregular bone, Zone of flat bone, Zone of long bone, Trochlea of bone, Proximal part of scaphoid, Zone of hip bone, Zone of stapes, Proximal epiphysis of phalanx of hand, Base of arytenoid cartilage, Alveolar arch, Head of talus, Head of malleus, Head of radius, Lateral part of sacrum, Acromial end of clavicle, Proximal epiphysis of phalanx of toe, Sternal end of clavicle, Proximal end of femur, Lateral part of occipital bone, Distal end of femur, Anterior part of inferior nasal concha, Hook of hamate, Epicondyle, Head of capitate bone, Distal part of scaphoid, Base of stapes, Head of humerus, Base of mandible, Posterior part of inferior nasal concha, Body of metatarsal bone, Head of femur, Distal epiphysis of phalanx of toe, Ossification center, Base of patella :slot-templates: receives attachment value-type: Class, receives attachment value-type: Muscle organ, receives attachment value-type: Ligament organ, receives attachment value-type: Cartilage organ, receives attachment value-type: Membrane organ, receives attachment value-type: Fascia organ, receives attachment value-type: Zone of muscle organ :direct-template-slots: receives attachment, origin of, muscle insertion of, systemic part of Zone of bone organ <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Anatomical cluster space<br><b>subclasses</b>: Synovial cavity of sternoclavicular joint, Synovial cavity of elbow joint, Synovial cavity of acromioclavicular joint, Synovial cavity of distal radio-ulnar joint, Synovial cavity of glenohumeral joint, Synovial cavity of proximal radio-ulnar joint, Synovial cavity of wrist joint, Synovial cavity of incudomallear joint, Synovial cavity of ankle joint, Synovial cavity of pisotriquetral joint, Synovial cavity of hip joint, Cavity of costotransverse joint, Cavity of joint of head of rib, Cavity of sternocostal joint, Cavity of interchondral joint, Synovial cavity of incudostapedial joint, Synovial cavity of vertebral arch joint, Synovial cavity of knee joint, Synovial cavity of temporomandibular joint<br><b>:slot-templates</b>: contains <i>value-type</i>: Portion of body substance, contains <i>value-type</i>: Class<br><b>preferred name</b>: KB_INSTANCE_10784<br><b>synonym</b>: fm-live_01875, ONARD_Instance_5640009, ONARD_Instance_5640010, KB_INSTANCE_10786, KB_INSTANCE_10785 Anatomical cluster space which is bound by the internal surface of an articular capsule. Synovial cavity of joint fma-part-module-to-owl true type: class is-a: Organ cavity, Anatomical cavity subclasses: Organ cavity, Lumen of vagina, Lumen of epididymis, Lumen of ureter, Lumen of membranous labyrinth, Lumen of intraprostatic part of ejaculatory duct, Lumen of biliary tree, Lumen of tracheobronchial tree, Sinus of epididymis, Lumen of extraprostatic part of ejaculatory duct, Lumen of pancreatic duct, Lumen of lacrimal duct, Lumen of venous tree organ, Cavity of eyeball, Cavity of tooth, Lumen of pancreatic duct tree, Synovial cavity of joint, Lumen of ejaculatory duct, Cavity of bone organ, Lumen of seminal vesicle, Cavity of stomach, Lumen of arterial tree organ, Lumen of esophagus, Cavity of urinary bladder, Lumen of urethra, Lumen of duct of salivary gland, Cavity of segment of lacrimal duct, Cavity of neuraxis, Lumen of pharyngotympanic tube, Lumen of uterine tube, Lumen of deferent duct, Cavity network of bone organ, Lumen of pancreatic acinus, Lumen of gallbladder, Cavity of serous sac, Renal sinus, Cavity of uterus :slot-templates: contains value-type: Class, contains value-type: Portion of body substance Anatomical cavity, which is surrounded by all morphological parts of an organ; is continuous within the organ; contains one or more body substances. Examples: pericardial cavity, cavity of stomach, uterine cavity. Organ cavity <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Hyaline cartilage<br><b>subclasses</b>: Articular cartilage of tubercle of rib, Articular cartilage of head of rib, Articular cartilage of lateral cuneiform bone, Articular cartilage of distal epiphysis of phalanx of toe, Articular cartilage of proximal epiphysis of phalanx of toe, Articular cartilage of proximal epiphysis of phalanx of finger, Articular cartilage of articular facet of talus, Articular cartilage of subdivision of talus, Articular cartilage of medial cuneiform bone, Articular cartilage of superior articular process of vertebra, Articular cartilage of cuboid bone, Articular cartilage of facet of head of radius, Articular cartilage of circumference of head of radius, Articular cartilage of articular process of lumbar vertebra, Articular cartilage of costal facet of body of thoracic vertebra, Articular cartilage of talus, Articular cartilage of auricular surface of ilium, Articular cartilage of inferior articular process of thoracic vertebra, Articular cartilage of distal epiphysis of phalanx of finger, Articular cartilage of articular facet of occipital condyle, Articular cartilage of costal facet of transverse process of thoracic vertebra, Articular cartilage of superior articular process of thoracic vertebra, Articular cartilage of head of stapes, Articular cartilage of body of incus, Articular cartilage of calcaneus, Articular cartilage of trochlear notch of ulna, Articular cartilage of radial notch of ulna, Articular cartilage of epiphysis of ulna, Articular cartilage of carpal bone, Articular cartilage of subdivision of hip bone, Articular cartilage of hip bone, Articular cartilage of patella, Articular cartilage of epiphysis of femur, Articular cartilage of clavicular facet of manubrium, Articular cartilage of epiphysis of metatarsal bone, Articular cartilage of sternal end of clavicle, Articular cartilage of head of mandible, Articular cartilage of posterior part of zygomatic process of temporal bone, Articular cartilage of epiphysis of fibula, Articular cartilage of epiphysis of tibia, Articular cartilage of intermediate cuneiform bone, Articular cartilage of superior articular facet of atlas, Articular cartilage of inferior articular process of lumbar vertebra, Articular cartilage of navicular bone of foot, Articular cartilage of scapula, Articular cartilage of inferior articular facet of atlas, Articular cartilage of head of malleus, Articular cartilage of long process of incus, Articular cartilage of epiphysis of humerus, Articular cartilage of zone of patella, Articular cartilage of superior articular process of lumbar vertebra, Articular cartilage of acromial end of clavicle, Articular cartilage of articular process of vertebra, Articular cartilage of subdivision of epiphysis of femur, Articular cartilage of articular process of thoracic vertebra, Articular cartilage of costal facet of transverse process of vertebra, Articular cartilage of inferior articular process of vertebra, Articular cartilage of epiphysis of metacarpal bone, Articular cartilage of ulnar notch of radius, Articular cartilage of epiphysis of radius<br><b>preferred name</b>: KB_INSTANCE_12368<br><b>synonym</b>: KB_INSTANCE_12369<br><b>:documentation</b>: Note: Gray's anatomy 38th ed. page 496 -articular cartilage has no nerves or blood vessels (except occasional vascular loops reaching and even penetrating the calcified zone from the osseous side).<br><b>non-English equivalent</b>: ONARD_Instance_580594 type: class is-a: Hyaline cartilage subclasses: Articular cartilage of coracoid process, Articular cartilage of navicular bone of foot, Articular cartilage of medial cuneiform bone, Articular cartilage of intermediate cuneiform bone, Articular cartilage of cuboid bone, Articular cartilage of lateral cuneiform bone, Articular cartilage of distal epiphysis of phalanx of toe, Articular cartilage of proximal epiphysis of phalanx of toe, Articular cartilage of calcaneus, Articular cartilage of head of rib, Articular cartilage of tubercle of rib, Articular cartilage of superior articular process of vertebra, Articular cartilage of facet of head of radius, Articular cartilage of circumference of head of radius, Articular cartilage of articular process of lumbar vertebra, Articular cartilage of glenoid proper of scapula, Articular cartilage of costal facet of body of thoracic vertebra, Articular cartilage of talus, Articular cartilage of epiphysis of humerus, Articular cartilage of auricular surface of ilium, Articular cartilage of inferior articular process of thoracic vertebra, Articular cartilage of distal epiphysis of phalanx of finger, Articular cartilage of articular facet of occipital condyle, Articular cartilage of costal facet of transverse process of thoracic vertebra, Articular cartilage of superior articular process of thoracic vertebra, Articular cartilage of head of stapes, Articular cartilage of body of incus, Articular cartilage of articular facet of talus, Articular cartilage of articular process of thoracic vertebra, Articular cartilage of trochlear notch of ulna, Articular cartilage of epiphysis of ulna, Articular cartilage of carpal bone, Articular cartilage of subdivision of hip bone, Articular cartilage of patella, Articular cartilage of epiphysis of femur, Articular cartilage of clavicular facet of manubrium, Articular cartilage of epiphysis of metatarsal bone, Articular cartilage of sternal end of clavicle, Articular cartilage of head of mandible, Articular cartilage of acromion, Articular cartilage of posterior part of zygomatic process of temporal bone, Articular cartilage of epiphysis of tibia, Articular cartilage of epiphysis of fibula, Articular cartilage of superior articular facet of atlas, Articular cartilage of inferior articular process of lumbar vertebra, Articular cartilage of subdivision of talus, Articular cartilage of inferior articular facet of atlas, Articular cartilage of head of malleus, Articular cartilage of long process of incus, Articular cartilage of radial notch of ulna, Articular cartilage of superior articular process of lumbar vertebra, Articular cartilage of proximal epiphysis of phalanx of finger, Articular cartilage of acromial end of clavicle, Articular cartilage of articular process of vertebra, Articular cartilage of subdivision of epiphysis of femur, Articular cartilage of hip bone, Articular cartilage of costal facet of transverse process of vertebra, Articular cartilage of inferior articular process of vertebra, Articular cartilage of epiphysis of metacarpal bone, Articular cartilage of ulnar notch of radius, Articular cartilage of epiphysis of radius :documentation: Note: Gray's anatomy 38th ed. page 496 -articular cartilage has no nerves or blood vessels (except occasional vascular loops reaching and even penetrating the calcified zone from the osseous side). :direct-template-slots: systemic part of Articular cartilage fma-part-module-to-owl <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Portion of serous fluid<br><b>subclasses</b>: Synovial fluid of subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa, Synovial fluid of synovial tendon sheath of extensor carpi ulnaris, Synovial fluid of synovial tendon sheath of extensor digiti minimi, Synovial fluid of synovial tendon sheath of extensor pollicis longus, Synovial fluid of synovial tendon sheath of extensor digitorum and extensor indicis, Synovial fluid of synovial tendon sheath of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis, Synovial fluid of synovial tendon sheath of extensores carpi radiales longus and brevis muscles, Synovial fluid of common synovial tendon sheath, Synovial fluid of synovial tendon sheath of flexor carpi radialis, Synovial fluid of synovial tendon sheath of flexor pollicis longus, Synovial fluid of distal radioulnar joint, Synovial fluid of proximal radioulnar joint, Synovial fluid of ankle joint, Synovial fluid of knee joint, Synovial fluid of hip joint, Synovial fluid of elbow joint, Synovial fluid of subtendinous bursa of triceps brachii muscle, Synovial fluid of subtendinous bursa of trapezius, Synovial fluid of subtendinous bursa of latissimus dorsi, Synovial fluid of subtendinous bursa of teres major, Synovial fluid of subtendinous bursa of infraspinatus muscle, Synovial fluid of subcutaneous trochanteric bursa, Synovial fluid of bicipitoradial bursa, Synovial fluid of subcutaneous olecranon bursa, Synovial fluid of subcutaneous acromial bursa, Synovial fluid of coracobrachialis bursa, Synovial fluid of subscapularis bursa, Synovial fluid of subacromial bursa, Synovial fluid of subdeltoid bursa, Synovial fluid of glenohumeral joint, Synovial fluid of pisotriquetral joint, Synovial fluid of wrist joint, Synovial fluid of sternoclavicular joint, Synovial fluid of vertebral arch joint, Synovial fluid of temporomandibular joint, Synovial fluid of incudomallear joint, Synovial fluid of incudostapedial joint, Synovial fluid of acromioclavicular joint<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_3060000<br><b>contained in</b>: Cavity of bursa<br><b>non-English equivalent</b>: su_incus_40007, KB_AUTO-INSERT(3)_718<br><b>synonym</b>: KB_INSTANCE_12383, KB_INSTANCE_12384 Transudate contained in the synovial cavity of joints, and in the cavity of tendon sheaths and bursae. Portion of synovial fluid fma-part-module-to-owl true type: class is-a: Organ with organ cavity subclasses: Molar tooth, Premolar tooth, Canine tooth, Incisor tooth, Primary tooth, Secondary tooth :slot-templates: location value-type: Organ anatomical coordinate adjacency, location value-type: Has_anatomical_coordinate relation, location value-type: Instance regional part: Crown of tooth, Root of tooth attributed part: Crown of tooth, Root of tooth, Apex of tooth, Cavity of tooth, Enamel, Cement, Dentine, Dental pulp, Periodontium physical state: Solid Organ with a cavity which consist of dentine and enamel. Examples: incisor, molar. Tooth true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Lateral cervical lymph node<br><b>subclasses</b>: Left superficial lateral cervical lymph node, Right superficial lateral cervical lymph node<br><b>:slot-templates</b>: arterial supply <i>value-type</i>: Class, arterial supply <i>value-type</i>: Portion of tissue<br><b>preferred name</b>: KB_INSTANCE_12938<br><b>synonym</b>: KB_INSTANCE_12939<br><b>member of</b>: Set of superficial cervical lymph nodes, Set of superficial lateral cervical lymph nodes Superficial lateral cervical lymph node fma-part-module-to-owl true maybe-bilateral-assertions <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Lateral cervical lymph node<br><b>subclasses</b>: Jugulodigastric lymph node, Lateral superior deep cervical lymph node, Anterior superior deep cervical lymph node, Jugulo-omohyoid lymph node, Inferior deep lateral cervical lymph node, Superior deep lateral cervical lymph node, Anterior inferior deep cervical lymph node, Lateral inferior deep cervical lymph node<br><b>:slot-templates</b>: arterial supply <i>value-type</i>: Class, arterial supply <i>value-type</i>: Portion of tissue<br><b>preferred name</b>: KB_INSTANCE_12940<br><b>synonym</b>: KB_INSTANCE_12941 Deep lateral cervical lymph node fma-part-module-to-owl true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Anterior cervical lymph node<br><b>subclasses</b>: Left superficial anterior cervical lymph node, Right superficial anterior cervical lymph node<br><b>preferred name</b>: KB_INSTANCE_12949<br><b>synonym</b>: KB_INSTANCE_12950<br><b>member of</b>: Set of superficial cervical lymph nodes, Set of superficial anterior cervical lymph nodes Superficial anterior cervical lymph node fma-part-module-to-owl true maybe-bilateral-assertions <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Anterior cervical lymph node<br><b>subclasses</b>: Prelaryngeal lymph node, Infrahyoid lymph node, Pretracheal lymph node, Thyroid lymph node, Retropharyngeal lymph node, Paratracheal lymph node<br><b>:slot-templates</b>: arterial supply <i>value-type</i>: Class, arterial supply <i>value-type</i>: Portion of tissue<br><b>preferred name</b>: KB_INSTANCE_12953<br><b>:direct-template-slots</b>: lymphatic drainage of Deep anterior cervical lymph node fma-part-module-to-owl true type: class is-a: Tooth subclasses: Secondary incisor tooth, Primary incisor tooth :slot-templates: location value-type: Organ anatomical coordinate adjacency, location value-type: Instance Incisor tooth true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Cardinal organ part<br><b>subclasses</b>: Network of smooth muscle cells, Articular part of bone organ, Organ component gland, Perichondrium, Striated muscle fasciculus, Organ component of neuraxis, Muscle body, Tendon, Diploe, Muscle fiber group, Cusp of cardiac valve, Lobular fat of breast, Bony part of bone organ, Pancreatic islet, Osteon, Nail matrix, Papillary muscle, Wall of lobular organ component, Spiral cochlear ligament, Capillary bed, Anatomical valve, Parenchyma, Gustatory organ, Ciliary bundle of palpebral part of orbicularis oculi, Organ component of kidney, Cartilaginous component, Stroma, Lymphoid nodule of submucosa of trachea, Trachealis, Endplate of intervertebral disk, Mesentery, Taste bud, Nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disk, Organ chamber, Theca folliculi, Corpus luteum, Medulla, Trabecula, Anular tracheal ligament, Corpus rubrum, Ligament organ component, Lactiferous terminal ductal lobular unit, Exocrine pancreas, Organ component of lymphatic tree organ, Spiral organ of cochlea, Organ component layer, Septum of conjoint longitudinal muscle layer of inferior part of anal canal, Thyroid follicle, Lens substance, Leaf of cardiac valve, Stalk of epiglottis, Lobular organ component, Pancreatic duct tree, Network of cardiac myocytes, Leaf of epiglottis, Anulus fibrosus of intervertebral disk, Corrugator cutis ani, Cumulus oophorus, Cortex, Muscle organ component, Fascia organ component, Corpus albicans, Conjoint longitudinal muscle layer of inferior part of anal canal, Follicle of ovary, Suspensory ligament of lens, Cartilage organ component, Membrane organ component, Lens, Wall of organ, Non-striated muscle fiber of stomach<br><b>regional part</b>: Portion of epithelium, Unilaminar epithelium<br><b>preferred name</b>: KB_INSTANCE_15377<br><b>:documentation</b>: Old definition: nOrgan part in which the maximal aggregate of its constitutional parts (or constituents) is primarily defined by bonafide (natural) boundaries. Examples: lobe of lung, osteon, acinus, submucosa, anterior leaflet of mitral valve, capsule of kidney, cortical bone, muscle fasciculus.5-17-02: OM- it may be necessary to add anatomical space as one of the requirements for classifying an organ part which consists of only one tissue type as an organ component. E.g. gastric gland, it consists of epithelium and lumen. Is gastric gland just a subdivision of epithelium?nOld definition as of 7.30.03:nOrgan part, which is countable and consist of a principal and one or more subsidiary tissues; (is divisible into basic tissues); connected to other organ components, it constitutes an organ subdivision.<br><b>non-English equivalent</b>: KB_AUTO-INSERT(3)_4646<br><b>:direct-template-slots</b>: receives attachment from type: class is-a: Cardinal organ part subclasses: Organ component of kidney, Perichondrium, Muscle fasciculus, Organ component of neuraxis, Network of smooth muscle cells, Tendon, Diploe, Conjoint longitudinal muscle layer of inferior part of anal canal, Organ component of lymphatic tree organ, Lobular fat of breast, Osteon, Stroma, Nail matrix, Papillary muscle, Wall of lobular organ component, Spiral cochlear ligament, Capillary bed, Anatomical valve, Parenchyma, Gustatory organ, Hollow tree organ component, Ciliary bundle of palpebral part of orbicularis oculi, Pancreatic islet, Cartilaginous component, Lymphoid nodule of submucosa of trachea, Trachealis, Cusp of cardiac valve, Follicle of ovary, Taste bud, Nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disk, Organ chamber, Organ component gland, Theca folliculi, Corpus luteum, Cumulus oophorus, Medulla, Cortex, Trabecula, Corpus rubrum, Ligament organ component, Lactiferous terminal ductal lobular unit, Exocrine pancreas, Bony part of pharyngotympanic tube, Organ component layer, Septum of conjoint longitudinal muscle layer of inferior part of anal canal, Thyroid follicle, Lens substance, Leaf of cardiac valve, Stalk of epiglottis, Spiral organ of cochlea, Lobular organ component, Pancreatic duct tree, Network of cardiac myocytes, Leaf of epiglottis, Anulus fibrosus of intervertebral disk, Corrugator cutis ani, Anular tracheal ligament, Articular part of bone organ, Muscle organ component, Fascia organ component, Corpus albicans, Mesentery, Bony part of bone organ, Suspensory ligament of lens, Cartilage organ component, Membrane organ component, Lens, Wall of organ, Non-striated muscle fiber of stomach regional part: Portion of epithelium, Unilaminar epithelium :documentation: Old definition: nOrgan part in which the maximal aggregate of its constitutional parts (or constituents) is primarily defined by bonafide (natural) boundaries. Examples: lobe of lung, osteon, acinus, submucosa, anterior leaflet of mitral valve, capsule of kidney, cortical bone, muscle fasciculus.5-17-02: OM- it may be necessary to add anatomical space as one of the requirements for classifying an organ part which consists of only one tissue type as an organ component. E.g. gastric gland, it consists of epithelium and lumen. Is gastric gland just a subdivision of epithelium?nOld definition as of 7.30.03:nOrgan part, which is countable and consist of a principal and one or more subsidiary tissues; (is divisible into basic tissues); connected to other organ components, it constitutes an organ subdivision. :direct-template-slots: receives attachment, clinical part of Cardinal organ part which is bounded predominantly by bonafide boundaries. Examples: lobe of lung, osteon, acinus, submucosa, anterior leaflet of mitral valve, capsule of kidney, cortical bone, muscle fasciculus. Cardinal organ part which is bounded predominantly by bonafide boundaries. Examples: lobe of lung, osteon, acinus, submucosa, anterior leaflet of mitral valve, fibrous capsule of kidney, compact bone, striated muscle fasciculus. Organ component fma-part-module-to-owl <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Striated muscle tissue<br><b>subclasses</b>: Skeletal muscle tissue of subclavius, Skeletal muscle tissue of pectoralis minor, Skeletal muscle tissue of levator scapulae, Skeletal muscle tissue of rhomboid minor, Skeletal muscle tissue of rhomboid major, Skeletal muscle tissue of subscapularis, Skeletal muscle tissue of tibialis anterior, Skeletal muscle tissue of quadriceps femoris, Skeletal muscle tissue of iliacus, Skeletal muscle tissue of quadratus femoris, Skeletal muscle tissue of gluteus maximus, Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii, Skeletal muscle tissue of pectoralis major, Skeletal muscle tissue of teres minor, Skeletal muscle tissue of infraspinatus, Skeletal muscle tissue of supraspinatus, Skeletal muscle tissue of serratus anterior, Skeletal muscle tissue of latissimus dorsi, Skeletal muscle tissue of trapezius, Skeletal muscle tissue of psoas major, Skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis, Skeletal muscle tissue of quadratus lumborum, Skeletal muscle tissue of transversus abdominis, Skeletal muscle tissue of internal oblique, Skeletal muscle tissue of muscle of head, Skeletal muscle tissue of external oblique, Skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm, Skeletal muscle tissue of transversus thoracis, Skeletal muscle tissue of intercostal muscle, Skeletal muscle tissue of scalenus posterior, Skeletal muscle tissue of scalenus medius, Skeletal muscle tissue of scalenus anterior, Skeletal muscle tissue of sternocleidomastoid, Skeletal muscle tissue of platysma, Skeletal muscle tissue of teres major, Striated muscle tissue of prostate, Skeletal muscle tissue of deltoid, Skeletal muscle tissue of brachialis, Skeletal muscle tissue of coracobrachialis<br><b>preferred name</b>: KB_INSTANCE_15383<br><b>regional part</b>: Epimysium, Perimysium, Skeletal muscle fasciculus<br><b>non-English equivalent</b>: fm_live_32575, ONARD_Instance_580872<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Muscle organ Tissue which consists of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by endomysium. Examples: Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps, Skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm. Skeletal muscle tissue fma-part-module-to-owl true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Organ part cluster<br><b>subclasses</b>: Tooth socket wall, Pes anserinus, Region of wall of middle ear, Wall of middle ear, Region of secondary palate, Biceps pulley, Tooth socket, Secondary palate, Region of internal nose, Splenic pedicle, Region of hard palate, Root of lung, Renal collecting system, Alveolopalatal region, Segment of pia-arachnoid, Subdivision of alveolopalatal region, External table of calvaria, Paratracheal part of chest, Cauda equina, Faucial pillar, Palatopharyngeal arch, Mobile part of nasal septum, Nasal septum, Wall of right side of internal nose, Internal nose, Scalp, Renal pedicle, Common ulnar aponeurosis, Faucial part of mouth, Subdivision of scalp, Lateral wall of internal nose, Erector spinae aponeurosis, Left side of lower jaw, Right side of lower jaw, Internal table of calvaria, Neurovascular bundle, Palate, Axilla region cluster, Wall of nasal meatus, Arterial tree cluster, Intermuscular septum of erector spinae, Vasculature, Anterior pericardium, Posterior pericardium, Wall of internal nose, Venous tree cluster, Common flexor tendon, Left side of nasal septum, Tendon complex of quadriceps femoris, Aorto-ventricular unit, Right side of nasal septum, Hard palate, Wall of left side of internal nose, Common tendon of quadriceps femoris, Intrahepatic portal pedicle, Extrahepatic portal pedicle, Left side of upper jaw, Septum of internal nose, Right side of upper jaw, Soft palate, Lymphatic tree cluster, Membranous part of nasal septum, Perihilar part of lung, Spermatic cord, Region of common tendon of quadriceps femoris, Palatoglossal arch, Region of soft palate<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_2420000<br><b>synonym</b>: KB_INSTANCE_15904<br><b>:direct-template-slots</b>: attaches to, external to type: class is-a: Organ part cluster subclasses: Splenic pedicle, Root of lung, Renal collecting system, Segment of pia-arachnoid, Soft palate proper, Mobile part of nasal septum, Nasal septum, Floor of left side of internal nose, Floor of right side of internal nose, Roof of left side of internal nose, Roof of right side of internal nose, Roof of internal nose, Wall of right side of internal nose, Left side of internal nose, Right side of internal nose, Internal nose, Scalp, Common ulnar aponeurosis, External table of calvaria, Jaw, Anterior pericardium, Paratracheal part of chest, Cauda equina, Renal pedicle, Faucial pillar, Palatopharyngeal arch, Faucial part of mouth, Subdivision of scalp, Anterior part of soft palate, Floor of internal nose, Posterior pericardium, Lateral wall of internal nose, Erector spinae aponeurosis, Left side of lower jaw, Right side of lower jaw, Uvula, Internal table of calvaria, Neurovascular bundle, Palate, Wall of nasal meatus, Arterial tree cluster, Intermuscular septum of erector spinae, Vasculature, Wall of internal nose, Venous tree cluster, Posterior part of soft palate, Common flexor tendon, Left side of nasal septum, Aorto-ventricular unit, Right side of nasal septum, Hard palate, Wall of left side of internal nose, Intrahepatic portal pedicle, Extrahepatic portal pedicle, Left side of upper jaw, Septum of internal nose, Periorbita, Right side of upper jaw, Soft palate, Lymphatic tree cluster, Membranous part of nasal septum, Perihilar part of lung, Spermatic cord, Palatoglossal arch :direct-template-slots: systemic part of Organ part cluster, which consists of some members of two or more organ subdivision subclasses which are grouped together according to some shared attributes. Examples: root of lung, neurovascular bundle, renal pedicle, fascia of back. Organ region cluster Organ subdivision cluster fma-part-module-to-owl type: class is-a: Irregular connective tissue subclasses: Trabecular tissue of sclera, Synovial intima, Mucoid tissue, Stroma of bone marrow, Capsule of thymus, Pigmented connective tissue, Stroma of ovarian medulla, Loose connective tissue of epicardial fat, Loose connective tissue of submucosa of tracheobronchial tree, Synovial subintima, Loose connective tissue of interlobar duct of pancreas, Dental pulp, Subepicardial connective tissue membrane, Loose connective tissue of epicardial fat of left right ventricle, Hypodermis, Subepicardial loose connective tissue, Loose connective tissue of intercalated duct of pancreas, Areolar connective tissue, Loose connective tissue of abdomen, Reticular tissue, Loose connective tissue of segment of submucosa of tracheobronchial tree, Loose connective tissue of epicardial fat of right ventricle :documentation: Gray's 99:88 - Occurs as the submucous coat in the digestive tract and as subserous tissue; forms the subcutaneous tissue in regions devoid of fat (eyelids, penis, scrotum, labia); also found between muscles, vessels and nerves; present in interior of organs, binding lobes and lobules of glands, various coats of the hollow viscera, muscle and nerve fibers. Irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a sparse irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, neuroglial tissue, mucoid tissue. Loose connective tissue <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Portion of connective tissue<br><b>subclasses</b>: Dense regular collagenous tissue, Dense regular elastic tissue, Bone tissue, Cartilage tissue<br><b>preferred name</b>: KB_INSTANCE_25353<br><b>:documentation</b>: This classification is based on Gray's.n12.18.00: So-called specialized connective tissue (bone, cartilage) are also classified by us as regular connective tissue since their collagen fiber architecture and the disposition of cells is highly regular. type: class is-a: Portion of connective tissue subclasses: Dense regular collagenous tissue, Dense regular elastic tissue, Bone tissue, Cartilage tissue :documentation: This classification is based on Gray's.n12.18.00: So-called specialized connective tissue (bone, cartilage) are also classified by us as regular connective tissue since their collagen fiber architecture and the disposition of cells is highly regular. Connective tissue, which consists of fibroblasts, the intercellular matrix of which contains a regular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: bone (tissue), cartilage (tissue), dense regular collagenous tissue. Regular connective tissue fma-part-module-to-owl type: class is-a: Portion of connective tissue subclasses: Loose connective tissue, Dense irregular connective tissue :documentation: This classification is based on Gray's, and not on Bloom and Fawcett. Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. Irregular connective tissue <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Portion of body fluid suspension<br><b>subclasses</b>: Portion of peritoneal fluid, Portion of pleural fluid, Portion of pericardial fluid, Portion of synovial fluid<br><b>constitutional part</b>: Cavity of serous sac<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_3600049<br><b>:documentation</b>: Transudate contained in a serous sac.<br><b>synonym</b>: KB_INSTANCE_26362 Portion of serous fluid fma-part-module-to-owl true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Nonparenchymatous organ<br><b>subclasses</b>: Nonskeletal ligament, Skeletal ligament<br><b>:slot-templates</b>: location <i>value-type</i>: Organ anatomical coordinate adjacency, location <i>value-type</i>: Has_anatomical_coordinate relation, location <i>value-type</i>: Instance<br><b>preferred name</b>: KB_INSTANCE_26982<br><b>non-English equivalent</b>: ONARD_Instance_580481, ONARD_Instance_580767<br><b>homonym of</b>: Ligament type: class is-a: Nonparenchymatous organ subclasses: Nonskeletal ligament, Skeletal ligament :slot-templates: location value-type: Organ anatomical coordinate adjacency, location value-type: Has_anatomical_coordinate relation, location value-type: Instance homonym of: Ligament Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi by connective tissue. Examples: sutural ligament, radiate sternocostal ligament, ligament of liver, ovarian ligament. Ligament organ fma-part-module-to-owl <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Lymph node group of neck<br><b>subclasses</b>: Set of right superficial cervical lymph nodes, Set of left superficial cervical lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460001<br><b>member</b>: Superficial lateral cervical lymph node, Superficial anterior cervical lymph node<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Superficial cervical lymphatic chain Set of superficial cervical lymph nodes fma-part-module-to-owl true maybe-bilateral-assertions fma-part-module-to-owl fma-part-module-to-owl <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of superficial cervical lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460003<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Right superficial cervical lymphatic chain Set of right superficial cervical lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of superficial cervical lymph nodes<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Left superficial cervical lymphatic chain<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460005 Set of left superficial cervical lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of occipital lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460007<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Right occipital lymphatic chain Set of right occipital lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of occipital lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460009<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Left occipital lymphatic chain Set of left occipital lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of mastoid lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460011 Set of right mastoid lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of mastoid lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460013 Set of left mastoid lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of submandibular lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460035<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Right submandibular lymphatic chain Set of right submandibular lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of submandibular lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460037<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Left submandibular lymphatic chain Set of left submandibular lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of anterior cervical lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460043<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Right anterior cervical lymphatic chain, Right jugular lymphatic chain Set of right anterior cervical lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of anterior cervical lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460045<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Left anterior cervical lymphatic chain, Left jugular lymphatic chain Set of left anterior cervical lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of superficial anterior cervical lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460047<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Right anterior superficial cervical lymphatic chain Set of right superficial anterior cervical lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of superficial anterior cervical lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460049<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Left anterior superficial cervical lymphatic chain Set of left superficial anterior cervical lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of deep anterior cervical lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460051<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Right anterior deep cervical lymphatic chain Set of right deep anterior cervical lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of deep anterior cervical lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460053<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Left anterior deep cervical lymphatic chain Set of left deep anterior cervical lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of paratracheal lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460055<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Right paratracheal lymphatic chain Set of right paratracheal lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of paratracheal lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460057<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Left paratracheal lymphatic chain Set of left paratracheal lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of retropharyngeal lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460059<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Right retropharyngeal lymphatic chain Set of right retropharyngeal lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of retropharyngeal lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460061<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Left retropharyngeal lymphatic chain Set of left retropharyngeal lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of superficial lateral cervical lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460063 Set of right superficial lateral cervical lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of superficial lateral cervical lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460065 Set of left superficial lateral cervical lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of lateral cervical lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460071<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Right lateral cervical lymphatic chain, Right jugular lymphatic chain Set of right lateral cervical lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of lateral cervical lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460073<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Left lateral cervical lymphatic chain, Left jugular lymphatic chain Set of left lateral cervical lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of superior deep lateral cervical lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460075<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Right superior lateral deep cervical lymphatic chain Set of right superior deep lateral cervical lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of superior deep lateral cervical lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460077<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Left superior lateral deep cervical lymphatic chain Set of left superior deep lateral cervical lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of inferior deep lateral cervical lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460079 Set of right inferior deep lateral cervical lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of inferior deep lateral cervical lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460081 Set of left inferior deep lateral cervical lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Retropharyngeal lymph node<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460211 Right retropharyngeal lymph node maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Retropharyngeal lymph node<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460213 Left retropharyngeal lymph node maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Pretracheal lymph node<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460215 Right pretracheal lymph node maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Pretracheal lymph node<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460217 Left pretracheal lymph node maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Prelaryngeal lymph node<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460219 Right prelaryngeal lymph node maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Prelaryngeal lymph node<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_460221 Left prelaryngeal lymph node maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true type: class is-a: Vasculature of organ subclasses: Vasculature of vertebra, Vasculature of scapula, Vasculature of nasal bone, Vasculature of sternum, Vasculature of flat bone, Vasculature of patella, Vasculature of long bone, Vasculature of palatine bone, Vasculature of short bone, Vasculature of lacrimal bone, Vasculature of maxilla, Vasculature of vomer, Vasculature of hyoid bone, Vasculature of mandible, Vasculature of ethmoid, Vasculature of inferior nasal concha, Vasculature of zygomatic bone, Vasculature of sphenoid bone Vasculature of bone organ type: class is-a: Regular connective tissue subclasses: Bone tissue of zone of scapula, Bone tissue of nasal bone, Bone of occipital bone, Bone of rib, Bone tissue of ethmoid, Bone of parietal bone, Bone tissue of zone of carpal bone, Bone tissue of lacrimal bone, Bone tissue of inferior nasal concha, Bone tissue of mandible, Bone tissue of zygomatic bone, Bone of stapes, Bone of incus, Bone of pubis, Bone of ischium, Bone of vertebra, Bone of coccyx, Bone of sacral vertebra, Bone of sacrum, Bone tissue of scapula, Bone tissue of long bone, Woven bone, Bone of frontal bone, Bone tissue of maxilla, Bone of fourth coccygeal segment, Bone of ilium, Bone tissue of vomer, Lamellar bone, Bone tissue of sphenoid bone, Bone tissue of short bone, Bone tissue of hyoid bone, Bone tissue of zone of long bone, Bone of sternum, Bone tissue of palatine bone, Bone of malleus, Bone tissue of hip bone constitutional part of: Bony part of bone organ homonym of: Bone Regular connective tissue, which consists of osteocytes and related cells, the intercellular matrix of which is ossified. Examples: woven bone, lamellar bone. Bone tissue <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Anatomical set<br><b>subclasses</b>: Set of organ components, Set of organ regions<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_600031<br><b>:direct-template-slots</b>: contained in type: class is-a: Anatomical set subclasses: Set of organ components, Set of organ regions :direct-template-slots: contained in Anatomical set which has as its direct members organ parts of same type. Set of organ parts fma-part-module-to-owl <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Lymph node group of neck<br><b>subclasses</b>: Set of left deep cervical lymph nodes, Set of right deep cervical lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_620009<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Deep cervical lymphatic chain<br><b>member</b>: Pretracheal lymph node, Retropharyngeal lymph node, Superior deep lateral cervical lymph node, Paratracheal lymph node, Thyroid lymph node, Prelaryngeal lymph node, Infrahyoid lymph node, Inferior deep lateral cervical lymph node, Jugulo-omohyoid lymph node, Jugulodigastric lymph node<br><b>:documentation</b>: Morris' 1966:878 From 15- 30 such nodes lie along the entire course of the carotid artery and the internal jugular vein. Set of deep cervical lymph nodes fma-part-module-to-owl true maybe-bilateral-assertions fma-part-module-to-owl fma-part-module-to-owl fma-part-module-to-owl fma-part-module-to-owl fma-part-module-to-owl fma-part-module-to-owl fma-part-module-to-owl fma-part-module-to-owl fma-part-module-to-owl fma-part-module-to-owl <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Lymph node group of head<br><b>subclasses</b>: Set of left parotid lymph nodes, Set of right parotid lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: ONARD_Instance_620013<br><b>member of</b>: Set of pericervical nodes<br><b>:documentation</b>: Morris 1966:873 It contains from 10-16 nodes.<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Parotid lymphatic chain, Parotid lymphatic chain proper<br><b>member</b>: Anterior auricular lymph node, Infra-auricular lymph node, Intraglandular lymph node, Superficial parotid lymph node Set of parotid lymph nodes fma-part-module-to-owl true maybe-bilateral-assertions fma-part-module-to-owl fma-part-module-to-owl fma-part-module-to-owl fma-part-module-to-owl <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of parotid lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: Nance FMA LIVE_Instance_220041<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Right parotid lymphatic chain, Right parotid lymphatic chain proper Set of right parotid lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of parotid lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: Nance FMA LIVE_Instance_220043<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Left parotid lymphatic chain, Left parotid lymphatic chain proper Set of left parotid lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Lymph node group of neck<br><b>member</b>: Set of pericervical nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: Nance FMA LIVE_Instance_230012 Set of all lymph nodes of neck fma-part-module-to-owl true fma-part-module-to-owl <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of deep cervical lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: Nance FMA LIVE_Instance_230064<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Right deep cervical lymphatic chain Set of right deep cervical lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of deep cervical lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: Nance FMA LIVE_Instance_230066<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Left deep cervical lymphatic chain Set of left deep cervical lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Lymph node group of neck<br><b>subclasses</b>: Set of left superior deep cervical lymph nodes, Set of right superior deep cervical lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: Nance FMA LIVE_Instance_240003 Set of superior deep cervical lymph nodes fma-part-module-to-owl true maybe-bilateral-assertions <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Lymph node group of neck<br><b>subclasses</b>: Set of left inferior deep cervical lymph nodes, Set of right inferior deep cervical lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: Nance FMA LIVE_Instance_240005 Set of inferior deep cervical lymph nodes fma-part-module-to-owl true maybe-bilateral-assertions <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of superior deep cervical lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: Nance FMA LIVE_Instance_240007 Set of right superior deep cervical lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of superior deep cervical lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: Nance FMA LIVE_Instance_240009 Set of left superior deep cervical lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of inferior deep cervical lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: Nance FMA LIVE_Instance_240011 Set of right inferior deep cervical lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of inferior deep cervical lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: Nance FMA LIVE_Instance_240013 Set of left inferior deep cervical lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of infrahyoid lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: Nance FMA LIVE_Instance_240027<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Right infrahyoid lymphatic chain Set of right infrahyoid lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of infrahyoid lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: Nance FMA LIVE_Instance_240029<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Left infrahyoid lymphatic chain Set of left infrahyoid lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of prelaryngeal lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: Nance FMA LIVE_Instance_240031<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Right prelaryngeal lymphatic chain Set of right prelaryngeal lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of prelaryngeal lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: Nance FMA LIVE_Instance_240033<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Left prelaryngeal lymphatic chain Set of left prelaryngeal lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of thyroid lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: Nance FMA LIVE_Instance_240035<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Right thyroid lymphatic chain Set of right thyroid lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of thyroid lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: Nance FMA LIVE_Instance_240037<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Left thyroid lymphatic chain Set of left thyroid lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of pretracheal lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: Nance FMA LIVE_Instance_240039<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Right pretracheal lymphatic chain Set of right pretracheal lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Set of pretracheal lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: Nance FMA LIVE_Instance_240041<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Left pretracheal lymphatic chain Set of left pretracheal lymph nodes maybe-bilateral-assertions true fma-part-module-to-owl maybe-bilateral-assertions true <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Deep lateral cervical lymph node<br><b>subclasses</b>: Left lateral superior deep cervical lymph node, Right lateral superior deep cervical lymph node<br><b>preferred name</b>: Nance FMA LIVE_Instance_240092<br><b>non-English equivalent</b>: Nance FMA LIVE_Instance_240094 Lateral superior deep cervical lymph node fma-part-module-to-owl true maybe-bilateral-assertions <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Deep lateral cervical lymph node<br><b>subclasses</b>: Left anterior superior deep cervical lymph node, Right anterior superior deep cervical lymph node<br><b>non-English equivalent</b>: Nance FMA LIVE_Instance_240097<br><b>preferred name</b>: Nance FMA LIVE_Instance_240096 Anterior superior deep cervical lymph node fma-part-module-to-owl true maybe-bilateral-assertions <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Deep lateral cervical lymph node<br><b>subclasses</b>: Left lateral inferior deep cervical lymph node, Right lateral inferior deep cervical lymph node<br><b>preferred name</b>: Nance FMA LIVE_Instance_240099<br><b>non-English equivalent</b>: Nance FMA LIVE_Instance_240100 Lateral inferior deep cervical lymph node fma-part-module-to-owl true maybe-bilateral-assertions <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Deep lateral cervical lymph node<br><b>subclasses</b>: Left anterior inferior deep cervical lymph node, Right anterior inferior deep cervical lymph node<br><b>preferred name</b>: Nance FMA LIVE_Instance_240102 Anterior inferior deep cervical lymph node fma-part-module-to-owl true maybe-bilateral-assertions <br><b>type</b>: class<br><b>is-a</b>: Lymph node group of neck<br><b>subclasses</b>: Set of left anterior inferior deep cervical lymph nodes, Set of right anterior inferior deep cervical lymph nodes<br><b>preferred name</b>: Nance FMA LIVE_Instance_240105<br><b>constitutional part of</b>: Anterior inferior deep cervical lymphatic chain Set of anterior inferior deep cervical lymph nodes fma-part-module-t