{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "3bb08fc8-478b-4e45-815d-37f3f4c61980",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Q1&Q2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "6cd49f10-acc6-4e3f-abde-8189d08df382",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "d8f20c68-8080-443b-939a-60d78523d0d2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DataTalksClub/machine-learning-zoomcamp/main/cohorts/2026/data/car_fuel_efficiency_2026.csv')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "281b9e52-be95-43ef-bbfb-8e8598a44c01",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "  <thead>\n",
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       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>model_year</th>\n",
       "      <th>origin</th>\n",
       "      <th>fuel_type</th>\n",
       "      <th>drivetrain</th>\n",
       "      <th>num_doors</th>\n",
       "      <th>engine_displacement</th>\n",
       "      <th>num_cylinders</th>\n",
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       "      <th>fuel_efficiency_mpg</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gasoline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Front-wheel drive</td>\n",
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       "      <td>3870</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>2008</td>\n",
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       "      <td>4</td>\n",
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       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>272.0</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>1989</td>\n",
       "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gasoline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Front-wheel drive</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2130</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>258.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4490</td>\n",
       "      <td>18.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>1994</td>\n",
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       "      <td>3</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9995</th>\n",
       "      <td>2005</td>\n",
       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gasoline</td>\n",
       "      <td>All-wheel drive</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2470</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>271.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4690</td>\n",
       "      <td>18.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.4</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9996</th>\n",
       "      <td>1993</td>\n",
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       "      <td>All-wheel drive</td>\n",
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       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>244.0</td>\n",
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       "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.0</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
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       "      <td>2014</td>\n",
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       "      <td>All-wheel drive</td>\n",
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       "      <td>18.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.1</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9998</th>\n",
       "      <td>2004</td>\n",
       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hybrid</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rear-wheel drive</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>2180</td>\n",
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       "<p>10000 rows × 11 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      model_year  origin fuel_type         drivetrain  num_doors  \\\n",
       "0           2006  Europe  Gasoline  Front-wheel drive          4   \n",
       "1           2008  Europe    Diesel  Front-wheel drive          4   \n",
       "2           1996    Asia  Gasoline  Front-wheel drive          5   \n",
       "3           1989  Europe  Gasoline  Front-wheel drive          4   \n",
       "4           1994     USA    Diesel  Front-wheel drive          3   \n",
       "...          ...     ...       ...                ...        ...   \n",
       "9995        2005     USA  Gasoline    All-wheel drive          4   \n",
       "9996        1993    Asia  Gasoline    All-wheel drive          2   \n",
       "9997        2014     USA  Gasoline    All-wheel drive          3   \n",
       "9998        2004     USA    Hybrid   Rear-wheel drive          5   \n",
       "9999        2011     USA    Diesel  Front-wheel drive          4   \n",
       "\n",
       "      engine_displacement  num_cylinders  horsepower  vehicle_weight  \\\n",
       "0                    2180              6       243.0            3870   \n",
       "1                    2390              6       272.0            4210   \n",
       "2                    2320              6       267.0            4240   \n",
       "3                    2130              6       258.0            4490   \n",
       "4                    2580              7       304.0            4510   \n",
       "...                   ...            ...         ...             ...   \n",
       "9995                 2470              6       271.0            4690   \n",
       "9996                 2300              6       244.0            4370   \n",
       "9997                 2480              6       267.0            4590   \n",
       "9998                 2180              6       270.0            4450   \n",
       "9999                 2380              6       295.0            4370   \n",
       "\n",
       "      acceleration  fuel_efficiency_mpg  \n",
       "0              NaN                 31.9  \n",
       "1              NaN                 31.3  \n",
       "2             17.3                 27.5  \n",
       "3             18.7                 28.5  \n",
       "4             17.5                 31.0  \n",
       "...            ...                  ...  \n",
       "9995          18.9                 27.4  \n",
       "9996          19.0                 30.0  \n",
       "9997          18.4                 28.1  \n",
       "9998          20.9                 32.2  \n",
       "9999          17.6                 30.2  \n",
       "\n",
       "[10000 rows x 11 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "id": "b66bfc97-12f3-4c0b-850b-6ac6706c3216",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'3.0.5'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 62,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pd.__version__"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "b8ed4c1f-8610-4887-8d16-781cfb647dfc",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Q3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "id": "e826c965-371d-458f-aba8-fd05893457bc",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "      <td>1034</td>\n",
       "      <td>942</td>\n",
       "      <td>1034</td>\n",
       "      <td>1004</td>\n",
       "      <td>1034</td>\n",
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       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "           model_year  origin  drivetrain  num_doors  engine_displacement  \\\n",
       "fuel_type                                                                   \n",
       "Diesel           2053    2053        2053       2053                 2053   \n",
       "Gasoline         6913    6913        6913       6913                 6913   \n",
       "Hybrid           1034    1034        1034       1034                 1034   \n",
       "\n",
       "           num_cylinders  horsepower  vehicle_weight  acceleration  \\\n",
       "fuel_type                                                            \n",
       "Diesel              2053        1896            2053          2004   \n",
       "Gasoline            6913        6285            6913          6728   \n",
       "Hybrid              1034         942            1034          1004   \n",
       "\n",
       "           fuel_efficiency_mpg  \n",
       "fuel_type                       \n",
       "Diesel                    2053  \n",
       "Gasoline                  6913  \n",
       "Hybrid                    1034  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.groupby('fuel_type').count()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "3a61b1e9-a3df-40fb-9b0e-f63d32f88200",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Q4"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "id": "c27719b7-65d6-4743-94ba-12932a28f508",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "model_year               0\n",
       "origin                   0\n",
       "fuel_type                0\n",
       "drivetrain               0\n",
       "num_doors                0\n",
       "engine_displacement      0\n",
       "num_cylinders            0\n",
       "horsepower             877\n",
       "vehicle_weight           0\n",
       "acceleration           264\n",
       "fuel_efficiency_mpg      0\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.isnull().sum()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "68c925f4-cb7a-4877-bf59-2f99a2709653",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Q5"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "id": "a7532e19-7987-4f08-a713-c78887f078ff",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df1 = df[\n",
    "    df['origin'] == 'Asia'\n",
    "    ]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "id": "1dd7aabe-bd9b-43df-98d2-36ef5fde8c43",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "np.float64(41.2)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df1['fuel_efficiency_mpg'].max()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "6286e54b-2d9f-4c72-ab5a-cbb0fd5e2087",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Q6"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "id": "59c53489-dae9-4bb0-87b9-526f21c20061",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "np.float64(254.0)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df['horsepower'].median()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "id": "cd0b0eec-1b66-4a02-9537-0115483191ea",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "np.float64(252.0)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fill_value = df['horsepower'].mode()[0]\n",
    "fill_value"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "id": "49172227-3382-4b5a-9efc-050751e0ff33",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "horsepower\n",
       "252.0    174\n",
       "246.0    168\n",
       "256.0    168\n",
       "259.0    165\n",
       "253.0    165\n",
       "        ... \n",
       "322.0      1\n",
       "330.0      1\n",
       "175.0      1\n",
       "178.0      1\n",
       "320.0      1\n",
       "Name: count, Length: 153, dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df['horsepower'].value_counts()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "id": "23498bcf-1e37-4ae8-8197-2c83b57cf078",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "      <td>4210</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>31.3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>1996</td>\n",
       "      <td>Asia</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gasoline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Front-wheel drive</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>2320</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>267.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4240</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>1989</td>\n",
       "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gasoline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Front-wheel drive</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2130</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>258.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4490</td>\n",
       "      <td>18.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>1994</td>\n",
       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
       "      <td>Front-wheel drive</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>2580</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>304.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4510</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
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       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9995</th>\n",
       "      <td>2005</td>\n",
       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gasoline</td>\n",
       "      <td>All-wheel drive</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2470</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>271.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4690</td>\n",
       "      <td>18.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.4</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9996</th>\n",
       "      <td>1993</td>\n",
       "      <td>Asia</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gasoline</td>\n",
       "      <td>All-wheel drive</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2300</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>244.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4370</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9997</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014</td>\n",
       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gasoline</td>\n",
       "      <td>All-wheel drive</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>2480</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>267.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4590</td>\n",
       "      <td>18.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9998</th>\n",
       "      <td>2004</td>\n",
       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hybrid</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rear-wheel drive</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>2180</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>270.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4450</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>32.2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9999</th>\n",
       "      <td>2011</td>\n",
       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
       "      <td>Front-wheel drive</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2380</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>295.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4370</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>10000 rows × 11 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      model_year  origin fuel_type         drivetrain  num_doors  \\\n",
       "0           2006  Europe  Gasoline  Front-wheel drive          4   \n",
       "1           2008  Europe    Diesel  Front-wheel drive          4   \n",
       "2           1996    Asia  Gasoline  Front-wheel drive          5   \n",
       "3           1989  Europe  Gasoline  Front-wheel drive          4   \n",
       "4           1994     USA    Diesel  Front-wheel drive          3   \n",
       "...          ...     ...       ...                ...        ...   \n",
       "9995        2005     USA  Gasoline    All-wheel drive          4   \n",
       "9996        1993    Asia  Gasoline    All-wheel drive          2   \n",
       "9997        2014     USA  Gasoline    All-wheel drive          3   \n",
       "9998        2004     USA    Hybrid   Rear-wheel drive          5   \n",
       "9999        2011     USA    Diesel  Front-wheel drive          4   \n",
       "\n",
       "      engine_displacement  num_cylinders  horsepower  vehicle_weight  \\\n",
       "0                    2180              6       243.0            3870   \n",
       "1                    2390              6       272.0            4210   \n",
       "2                    2320              6       267.0            4240   \n",
       "3                    2130              6       258.0            4490   \n",
       "4                    2580              7       304.0            4510   \n",
       "...                   ...            ...         ...             ...   \n",
       "9995                 2470              6       271.0            4690   \n",
       "9996                 2300              6       244.0            4370   \n",
       "9997                 2480              6       267.0            4590   \n",
       "9998                 2180              6       270.0            4450   \n",
       "9999                 2380              6       295.0            4370   \n",
       "\n",
       "      acceleration  fuel_efficiency_mpg  \n",
       "0              NaN                 31.9  \n",
       "1              NaN                 31.3  \n",
       "2             17.3                 27.5  \n",
       "3             18.7                 28.5  \n",
       "4             17.5                 31.0  \n",
       "...            ...                  ...  \n",
       "9995          18.9                 27.4  \n",
       "9996          19.0                 30.0  \n",
       "9997          18.4                 28.1  \n",
       "9998          20.9                 32.2  \n",
       "9999          17.6                 30.2  \n",
       "\n",
       "[10000 rows x 11 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 37,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.fillna({'horsepower':fill_value},inplace=True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "id": "995389cd-664a-4a13-894c-b731fcee473b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "np.float64(252.0)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 38,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df['horsepower'].median()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "id": "218294aa-0672-4709-a067-116a7486c72d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "horsepower\n",
       "252.0    1051\n",
       "246.0     168\n",
       "256.0     168\n",
       "259.0     165\n",
       "253.0     165\n",
       "         ... \n",
       "322.0       1\n",
       "330.0       1\n",
       "175.0       1\n",
       "178.0       1\n",
       "320.0       1\n",
       "Name: count, Length: 153, dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 39,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df['horsepower'].value_counts()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "id": "4890ebe4-91b2-47d5-a740-2e5676d4ec44",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "model_year               0\n",
       "origin                   0\n",
       "fuel_type                0\n",
       "drivetrain               0\n",
       "num_doors                0\n",
       "engine_displacement      0\n",
       "num_cylinders            0\n",
       "horsepower               0\n",
       "vehicle_weight           0\n",
       "acceleration           264\n",
       "fuel_efficiency_mpg      0\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 40,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.isnull().sum()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "f6922fae-b2f6-49b3-9443-1ceb726973a6",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Q7"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "id": "f4584211-c115-4d50-95ed-446175545057",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "      <td>3</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Front-wheel drive</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
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       "      <td>1993</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Gasoline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rear-wheel drive</td>\n",
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       "<p>2994 rows × 11 columns</p>\n",
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      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      model_year origin fuel_type         drivetrain  num_doors  \\\n",
       "2           1996   Asia  Gasoline  Front-wheel drive          5   \n",
       "6           1992   Asia  Gasoline  Front-wheel drive          2   \n",
       "8           1997   Asia  Gasoline   Rear-wheel drive          3   \n",
       "10          1978   Asia  Gasoline    All-wheel drive          3   \n",
       "15          2007   Asia    Diesel  Front-wheel drive          4   \n",
       "...          ...    ...       ...                ...        ...   \n",
       "9984        2011   Asia  Gasoline  Front-wheel drive          3   \n",
       "9987        2004   Asia    Diesel    All-wheel drive          3   \n",
       "9990        1975   Asia    Diesel  Front-wheel drive          4   \n",
       "9994        1993   Asia  Gasoline   Rear-wheel drive          2   \n",
       "9996        1993   Asia  Gasoline    All-wheel drive          2   \n",
       "\n",
       "      engine_displacement  num_cylinders  horsepower  vehicle_weight  \\\n",
       "2                    2320              6       267.0            4240   \n",
       "6                    2270              6       250.0            4310   \n",
       "8                    2330              6       251.0            4230   \n",
       "10                   2410              6       252.0            4420   \n",
       "15                   2170              5       226.0            3950   \n",
       "...                   ...            ...         ...             ...   \n",
       "9984                 2410              6       256.0            4610   \n",
       "9987                 2180              6       266.0            4530   \n",
       "9990                 1940              6       236.0            3630   \n",
       "9994                 2360              6       257.0            4610   \n",
       "9996                 2300              6       244.0            4370   \n",
       "\n",
       "      acceleration  fuel_efficiency_mpg  \n",
       "2             17.3                 27.5  \n",
       "6             21.7                 26.8  \n",
       "8             19.5                 30.9  \n",
       "10            19.5                 26.8  \n",
       "15            18.0                 35.4  \n",
       "...            ...                  ...  \n",
       "9984          20.2                 32.4  \n",
       "9987          18.6                 29.0  \n",
       "9990          19.7                 32.4  \n",
       "9994          22.2                 30.1  \n",
       "9996          19.0                 30.0  \n",
       "\n",
       "[2994 rows x 11 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 43,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df1 = df[\n",
    "    df['origin'] == 'Asia'\n",
    "]\n",
    "df1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "id": "4f4fb6c9-47c8-4452-a490-e77edbd827d3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "      <td>3630</td>\n",
       "      <td>1975</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9994</th>\n",
       "      <td>4610</td>\n",
       "      <td>1993</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9996</th>\n",
       "      <td>4370</td>\n",
       "      <td>1993</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>2994 rows × 2 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      vehicle_weight  model_year\n",
       "2               4240        1996\n",
       "6               4310        1992\n",
       "8               4230        1997\n",
       "10              4420        1978\n",
       "15              3950        2007\n",
       "...              ...         ...\n",
       "9984            4610        2011\n",
       "9987            4530        2004\n",
       "9990            3630        1975\n",
       "9994            4610        1993\n",
       "9996            4370        1993\n",
       "\n",
       "[2994 rows x 2 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 45,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df2 = df1[['vehicle_weight','model_year']]\n",
    "df2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "id": "168301d8-7bb7-4123-b4a8-e21e6820a91a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>vehicle_weight</th>\n",
       "      <th>model_year</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>4240</td>\n",
       "      <td>1996</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>4310</td>\n",
       "      <td>1992</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>4230</td>\n",
       "      <td>1997</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>4420</td>\n",
       "      <td>1978</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>3950</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>4750</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>4450</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "    vehicle_weight  model_year\n",
       "2             4240        1996\n",
       "6             4310        1992\n",
       "8             4230        1997\n",
       "10            4420        1978\n",
       "15            3950        2007\n",
       "16            4750        2021\n",
       "22            4450        2019"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 49,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df3 = df2.iloc[[0,1,2,3,4,5,6]]\n",
    "df3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "id": "cf1c8d7b-bc81-4f1f-9f97-065ab34c270d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[4240, 1996],\n",
       "       [4310, 1992],\n",
       "       [4230, 1997],\n",
       "       [4420, 1978],\n",
       "       [3950, 2007],\n",
       "       [4750, 2021],\n",
       "       [4450, 2019]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 51,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "X = df3.values\n",
    "X"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "id": "b57df929-9e2e-4689-9e30-70533a512826",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[131950500,  60750580],\n",
       "       [ 60750580,  28041424]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 53,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "XTX = X.T.dot(X)\n",
    "XTX"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "id": "3655f37f-7c9a-4cc9-95df-10407034d9ac",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import numpy as np"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "id": "0ac21bd9-f29e-4777-ac4a-0e4ac3193356",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "XTX_inv = np.linalg.inv(XTX)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "id": "2cc5606a-137b-4c1a-ba82-b919da4f3faa",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[ 2.96830537e-06, -6.43071025e-06],\n",
       "       [-6.43071025e-06,  1.39675281e-05]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 56,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "XTX_inv"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 57,
   "id": "541955b6-96b5-4954-850e-7f9a85d78f16",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "y = np.array([1100,1300,800,900,1000,1100,1200])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 58,
   "id": "511944f8-e17e-407d-b039-c25915c58efc",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([1100, 1300,  800,  900, 1000, 1100, 1200])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 58,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "y"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 59,
   "id": "aa94144f-71c4-4ed5-b8b2-d56d8f21d15b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "w = XTX_inv.dot(X.T.dot(y))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 61,
   "id": "cb9f856b-a13f-497b-b006-69132c7fed78",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "np.float64(0.3691969690492593)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 61,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "w.sum()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "d147e0a8-d719-4592-99cb-bdbe404d2a2f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
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