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    "![(book cover)](https://covers.oreillystatic.com/images/0636920167433/cat.gif \"(book cover)\")\n",
    "### **Programming Quantum Computers** by O'Reilly Media -  [**book Info**](http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920167433.do)  - [**all code samples**](https://oreilly-qc.github.io)\n",
    "\n",
    "#### **Code samples for Chapter 2**\n",
    "These code samples were written by Andres Paz and Mariia Mykhailova."
   ]
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   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
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   "source": [
    "// Example 2-1: Random bit\n",
    "\n",
    "operation RandomBit () : Unit {\n",
    "    // allocate one qubit\n",
    "    using (q = Qubit()) {\n",
    "        // put it into superposition of 0 and 1\n",
    "        H(q);\n",
    "\n",
    "        // measure the qubit and store the result\n",
    "        let bit = M(q);\n",
    "        \n",
    "        // make sure the qubit is back to the 0 state\n",
    "        Reset(q);\n",
    "        \n",
    "        Message($\"{bit}\");\n",
    "    }\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%simulate RandomBit"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "// Example 2-2: Random byte\n",
    "\n",
    "// open namespace which defines arithmetic operations\n",
    "open Microsoft.Quantum.Arithmetic;\n",
    "\n",
    "operation RandomByte () : Unit {\n",
    "    // allocate 8 qubits\n",
    "    using (qs = Qubit[8]) {\n",
    "        // put each qubit into superposition of 0 and 1\n",
    "        ApplyToEach(H, qs);\n",
    "\n",
    "        // measure the register and store the result\n",
    "        let randomByte = MeasureInteger(LittleEndian(qs));\n",
    "        \n",
    "        // make sure the qubits are back to the 0 state\n",
    "        ResetAll(qs);\n",
    "        \n",
    "        Message($\"{randomByte}\");\n",
    "    }\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%simulate RandomByte"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "// Example 2-3: Root-of-NOT\n",
    "\n",
    "open Microsoft.Quantum.Diagnostics;\n",
    "\n",
    "operation SqrtNOT (q : Qubit) : Unit {\n",
    "    H(q);\n",
    "    S(q);\n",
    "    H(q);\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "operation RunSqrtNOT () : Unit {\n",
    "    // allocate a qubit\n",
    "    using (q = Qubit()) {\n",
    "        // apply SqrtNOT gate to the |0⟩ state\n",
    "        SqrtNOT(q);\n",
    "        Message(\"Qubit state after the first application of SqrtNOT\");\n",
    "        DumpMachine();\n",
    "\n",
    "        // apply SqrtNOT gate again and verify that the qubit ends up in the |1⟩ state\n",
    "        SqrtNOT(q);\n",
    "        Message(\"Qubit state after the second application of SqrtNOT\");\n",
    "        DumpMachine();\n",
    "        \n",
    "        // make sure the qubit is back to the 0 state\n",
    "        Reset(q);\n",
    "    }\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%simulate RunSqrtNOT"
   ]
  }
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