All manuscripts used in this review were published between January 1965 and December 2017; these reports related to EV-A71 infections were extracted by searching Medline (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA) and PubMed using the phrases “ enterovirus-A71 ” and “molecular epidemiology” or the key words “pathogenesis” or “vaccine.” The results were limited to manuscripts available in English.