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#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:9
msgid "Sensor de temperatura"
msgstr "Temperature sensor"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:11
msgid ""
"Un sensor de temperatura es un componente electrónico que devuelve una "
"señal eléctrica que depende de la temperatura del sensor. A partir de la "
"señal eléctrica se puede conocer la temperatura real a la que se "
"encuentra el sensor."
msgstr ""
"A temperature sensor is an electronic component that returns an "
"electrical signal that depends on the temperature of the sensor. From the"
" electrical signal it is possible to know the actual temperature at which"
" the sensor is located."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:16
msgid ""
"Existen muchos tipos diferentes de sensores de temperatura. Cada tipo de "
"sensor se adapta bien a una aplicación concreta. En estas prácticas se "
"van a estudiar solo sensores de bajo precio que alcanzan un rango de "
"temperaturas moderado, de -40ºC hasta 150ºC. Con una exactitud moderada, "
"desde 1ºC hasta 0,1ºC de error."
msgstr ""
"There are many different types of temperature sensors. Each type of "
"sensor is well suited to a specific application. In these practices, only"
" low-price sensors that reach a moderate temperature range, from -40ºC to"
" 150ºC, will be studied. With moderate accuracy, from 1ºC to 0.1ºC error."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:22
msgid "Sensor de temperatura NTC."
msgstr "NTC temperature sensor."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:29
msgid "Sensor de temperatura basado en circuito integrado LM35."
msgstr "Temperature sensor based on LM35 integrated circuit."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:40
msgid ""
"Los sensores de temperatura son muy útiles para construir aparatos de "
"medida de temperatura y máquinas que regulan de forma automática la "
"temperatura. A continuación se listan algunos ejemplos prácticos."
msgstr ""
"Temperature sensors are very useful for building temperature measurement "
"devices and machines that automatically regulate temperature. Some "
"practical examples are listed below."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:44
msgid "Termómetro digital para medir la temperatura del cuerpo."
msgstr "Digital thermometer to measure body temperature."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:45
msgid "Termostato digital de una casa."
msgstr "Digital thermostat of a house."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:46
msgid "Termostato de temperatura de un horno."
msgstr "Oven temperature thermostat."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:47
msgid "Sensor de incendios."
msgstr "Fire sensor."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:48
msgid "Termostato de acuario o de terrario."
msgstr "Aquarium or terrarium thermostat."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:49
msgid "Termómetro digital de temperatura ambiente."
msgstr "Digital room temperature thermometer."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:54
msgid "Funcionamiento de un sensor NTC"
msgstr "Operation of an NTC sensor"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:58
msgid ""
"Una resistencia NTC es un componente que reduce su resistencia cuando "
"aumenta la temperatura. Este sensor no es lineal. Esto quiere decir que "
"su exactitud no es muy buena en rangos amplios de temperatura, comparada "
"con otros sensores. A pesar de eso un sensor NTC bien ajustado puede "
"medir temperaturas con bastante exactitud, 0,1ºC en un intervalo pequeño "
"de temperaturas."
msgstr ""
"An NTC resistor is a component that reduces its resistance when the "
"temperature increases. This sensor is not linear. This means that its "
"accuracy is not very good in wide temperature ranges, compared to other "
"sensors. Despite this, a well-adjusted NTC sensor can measure "
"temperatures quite accurately, 0.1ºC in a small temperature interval."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:65
msgid ""
"La siguiente gráfica representa la resistencia de un sensor NTC en su "
"rango de medición de temperaturas."
msgstr ""
"The following graph represents the resistance of an NTC sensor in its "
"temperature measurement range."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:76
msgid ""
"Como se puede ver, la resistencia disminuye a medida que aumenta la "
"temperatura. La forma de la curva es no lineal, lo que da problemas a la "
"hora de calcular con exactitud la temperatura. La siguiente fórmula puede"
" utilizarse para calcular la resistencia en función de la temperatura."
msgstr ""
"As can be seen, the resistance decreases as the temperature increases. "
"The shape of the curve is non-linear, which causes problems when "
"calculating the temperature exactly. The following formula can be used to"
" calculate resistance as a function of temperature."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:82
msgid "R = A \\cdot exp(B/T)"
msgstr "R = A \\cdot exp(B/T)"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:86
msgid "R = Resistencia del sensor NTC"
msgstr "R = NTC sensor resistance"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:88
msgid "T = Temperatura en grados kelvin"
msgstr "T = temperature in degrees kelvin"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:90
msgid "B = Temperatura característica del material. Entre 2000ºK y 5000ºK"
msgstr "B = Characteristic temperature of the material. Between 2000ºK and 5000ºK"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:92
msgid "A = Constante del termistor. Depende del material."
msgstr "A = Thermistor constant. It depends on the material."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:94
msgid ""
"Los coeficientes :math:`A` y :math:`B` dependen de cada componente y se "
"pueden encontrar en las hojas de características de los fabricantes o "
"bien se pueden calcular para un sensor NTC concreto a partir de un "
"ensayo, midiendo la resistencia a varias temperaturas."
msgstr ""
"The coefficients :math:`A` and :math:`B` depend on each component and can"
" be found in the manufacturers data sheets or they can be calculated for "
"a specific NTC sensor from a test, measuring the resistance at various "
"temperatures."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:101
msgid "Especificaciones de un sensor NTC"
msgstr "Specifications of an NTC sensor"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:102
msgid ""
"Se ha escogido para este apartado un sensor NTC con un valor nominal de "
"10k Ohmios a la temperatura de 25ºC"
msgstr ""
"An NTC sensor with a nominal value of 10k Ohms at a temperature of 25ºC "
"has been chosen for this section."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:105
msgid "Resistencia a 25ºC = 10k Ohmios"
msgstr "Resistance at 25ºC = 10k Ohms"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:106
msgid "Bandas de color = Marrón Negro Naranja"
msgstr "Color bands = Brown Black Orange"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:107
msgid "Tiempo de respuesta = 1,2 segundos"
msgstr "Response time = 1.2 seconds"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:108
msgid "Constante A = 0,01618 Ohmios"
msgstr "Constant A = 0.01618 Ohms"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:109
msgid "Constante B = 3977 ºK"
msgstr "Constant B = 3977 ºK"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:111
msgid ""
"A continuación se muestra una imagen con la curva de tensión que "
"suministra este sensor NTC conectado a 5 voltios, con una resistencia de "
"polarización de 10k Ohmios conectada a masa."
msgstr ""
"Below is an image with the voltage curve supplied by this NTC sensor "
"connected to 5 volts, with a 10k Ohm polarization resistor connected to "
"ground."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:120
msgid "Tabla de datos con los valores de la curva."
msgstr "Data table with the values ​​of the curve."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:123
msgid "Temperatura"
msgstr "Temperature"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:123
msgid "Tensión"
msgstr "Strain"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:125
msgid "-40"
msgstr "-40"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:125
msgid "0,117"
msgstr "0.117"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:126
msgid "-35"
msgstr "-35"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:126
msgid "0,165"
msgstr "0.165"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:127
msgid "-30"
msgstr "-30"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:127
msgid "0,230"
msgstr "0.230"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:128
msgid "-25"
msgstr "-25"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:128
msgid "0,314"
msgstr "0.314"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:129
msgid "-20"
msgstr "-twenty"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:129
msgid "0,422"
msgstr "0.422"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:130
msgid "-15"
msgstr "-fifteen"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:130
msgid "0,555"
msgstr "0.555"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:131
msgid "-10"
msgstr "-10"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:131
msgid "0,717"
msgstr "0.717"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:132
msgid "-5"
msgstr "-5"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:132
msgid "0,908"
msgstr "0.908"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:133
#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:286
msgid "0"
msgstr "0"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:133
msgid "1,128"
msgstr "1,128"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:134
msgid "5"
msgstr "5"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:134
msgid "1,373"
msgstr "1,373"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:135
msgid "10"
msgstr "10"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:135
msgid "1,638"
msgstr "1,638"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:136
msgid "15"
msgstr "fifteen"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:136
msgid "1,918"
msgstr "1,918"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:137
msgid "20"
msgstr "twenty"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:137
msgid "2,203"
msgstr "2,203"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:138
msgid "25"
msgstr "25"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:138
msgid "2,486"
msgstr "2,486"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:139
msgid "30"
msgstr "30"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:139
msgid "2,760"
msgstr "2,760"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:140
msgid "35"
msgstr "35"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:140
msgid "3,020"
msgstr "3,020"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:141
msgid "40"
msgstr "40"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:141
msgid "3,260"
msgstr "3,260"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:142
msgid "45"
msgstr "Four. Five"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:142
msgid "3,480"
msgstr "3,480"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:143
#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:287
msgid "50"
msgstr "fifty"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:143
msgid "3,676"
msgstr "3,676"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:144
msgid "55"
msgstr "55"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:144
msgid "3,851"
msgstr "3,851"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:145
msgid "60"
msgstr "60"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:145
msgid "4,004"
msgstr "4,004"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:146
msgid "65"
msgstr "65"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:146
msgid "4,138"
msgstr "4,138"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:147
msgid "70"
msgstr "70"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:147
msgid "4,253"
msgstr "4,253"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:148
msgid "75"
msgstr "75"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:148
msgid "4,353"
msgstr "4,353"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:149
msgid "80"
msgstr "80"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:149
msgid "4,439"
msgstr "4,439"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:152
msgid ""
"Esta tabla se puede utilizar para buscar valores intermedios de tensión o"
" de temperatura mediante la orden map()."
msgstr ""
"This table can be used to look up intermediate voltage or temperature "
"values ​​using the map() command."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:155
msgid ""
"Para calcular otros valores fuera de rango o calcular valores de un "
"sensor NTC diferente, se puede utilizar la hoja excel adjunta "
":download:`NTC <control/_downloads/ntc.xls>`."
msgstr ""
"To calculate other out-of-range values ​​or calculate values ​​from a "
"different NTC sensor, you can use the attached excel sheet :download:`NTC"
" <control/_downloads/ntc.xls>`."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:161
msgid "Esquema de conexión de un transistor calentador"
msgstr "Connection scheme of a heater transistor"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:162
msgid ""
"En la siguiente imagen puede verse el cableado necesario para realizar un"
" calentador basado en un transistor `BD135 "
"<../_static/document/BD135-onsemi.pdf>`__ `(datasheet de st) "
"<../_static/document/BD135-st.pdf>`__."
msgstr ""
"In the following image you can see the necessary wiring to make a heater "
"based on a transistor `BD135 "
"<../_static/document/BD135-onsemi.pdf>`__ `(st datasheet) "
"<../_static/document/BD135-st.pdf>`__."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:173
msgid ""
"Este circuito es capaz de consumir hasta 200 miliamperios a 5 voltios, "
"proporcionando 1 vatio de potencia. Esta potencia es suficiente para "
"aumentar la temperatura del transistor 100 grados centígrados al aire "
"libre. Si se coloca algún tipo de aislamiento, la temperatura puede subir"
" todavía más, destruyendo el componente."
msgstr ""
"This circuit is capable of drawing up to 200 milliamps at 5 volts, "
"providing 1 watt of power. This power is enough to increase the "
"temperature of the transistor 100 degrees Celsius in the open air. If "
"some type of insulation is placed, the temperature can rise even higher, "
"destroying the component."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:179
msgid ""
"Por esta razón es necesario tener especial cuidado en no encender a "
"máxima potencia al transistor y **tomar las precauciones necesarias para "
"que no se produzcan quemaduras**."
msgstr ""
"For this reason it is necessary to take special care not to turn on the "
"transistor at maximum power and **take the necessary precautions so that "
"burns do not occur**."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:183
msgid "El siguiente programa permite probar el calentamiento del transistor."
msgstr "The following program allows you to test the heating of the transistor."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:201
msgid "Esquema de conexión de un sensor NTC"
msgstr "Connection diagram of an NTC sensor"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:202
msgid ""
"Para que el sensor NTC pueda dar una tensión útil que se pueda medir, es "
"necesario añadir una resistencia de polarización. Esta resistencia se "
"coloca entre el sensor y masa como muestra el siguiente esquema."
msgstr ""
"In order for the NTC sensor to give a useful voltage that can be "
"measured, it is necessary to add a bias resistor. This resistor is placed"
" between the sensor and ground as shown in the following diagram."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:212
msgid ""
"**Autocalentamiento:** El autocalentamiento consiste en el aumento de "
"temperatura que produce en el sensor NTC la corriente que se le "
"suministra para poder medir la temperatura. Si el sensor recibe mucha "
"corriente, esta aumentará de forma artificial la temperatura interior "
"produciendo una lectura de temperatura mayor que la temperatura real."
msgstr ""
"**Self-heating:** Self-heating consists of the increase in temperature "
"produced in the NTC sensor by the current supplied to it in order to "
"measure the temperature. If the sensor receives a lot of current, this "
"will artificially increase the interior temperature, producing a "
"temperature reading that is higher than the actual temperature."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:220
msgid ""
"Si por el contrario la resistencia recibe poca corriente, la señal de "
"tensión será difícil de medir y el ruido eléctrico producirá también "
"errores de medición."
msgstr ""
"If, on the contrary, the resistor receives little current, the voltage "
"signal will be difficult to measure and the electrical noise will also "
"produce measurement errors."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:224
msgid ""
"Los valores de resistencia entre 5k ohmios y 50k Ohmios mantienen un buen"
" equilibrio entre estos dos efectos contrarios cuando funcionan en el "
"rango de 0 a 5 voltios. Por esa razón se ha escogido un sensor NTC de 10k"
" Ohmios."
msgstr ""
"Resistor values ​​between 5k ohms and 50k Ohms maintain a good balance "
"between these two opposing effects when operating in the 0 to 5 volt "
"range. For this reason, a 10k Ohm NTC sensor has been chosen."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:229
msgid ""
"**Resistencia de polarización** El valor de la resistencia de "
"polarización debe ser aproximadamente igual al valor de resistencia del "
"sensor NTC a temperatura ambiente. de esta forma se podrá medir con mayor"
" precisión el rango de temperaturas cercanas a la temperatura ambiente. "
"En este montaje se ha escogido un sensor NTC que tiene una resistencia de"
" 10k Ohmios a 20ºC y por lo tanto la resistencia de polarización tiene "
"ese mismo valor."
msgstr ""
"**Bias Resistor** The value of the bias resistor should be approximately "
"equal to the resistance value of the NTC sensor at room temperature. in "
"this way it will be possible to measure with greater precision the range "
"of temperatures close to room temperature. In this assembly, an NTC "
"sensor has been chosen that has a resistance of 10k Ohms at 20ºC and "
"therefore the polarization resistor has the same value."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:238
msgid ""
"**Entrada analógica** La señal del sensor NTC se ha conectado a una "
"entrada analógica que puede medir con precisión tensiones en el rango de "
"0 a 5 voltios. Una entrada digital no puede medir más que dos valores "
"distintos de tensión de entrada y por lo tanto no es capaz de leer "
"correctamente el valor de tensión de un sensor NTC."
msgstr ""
"**Analog Input** The NTC sensor signal has been connected to an analog "
"input that can accurately measure voltages in the 0 to 5 volt range. A "
"digital input cannot measure more than two different input voltage values"
" ​​and therefore it is not capable of correctly reading the voltage value"
" of an NTC sensor."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:245
msgid "El siguiente programa permite medir la tensión generada por el sensor NTC"
msgstr ""
"The following program allows to measure the voltage generated by the NTC "
"sensor"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:276
msgid "Ejercicios"
msgstr "Exercises"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:278
msgid ""
"Montar el esquema de conexión del sensor de temperatura con el transistor"
" de calentamiento. Completar la tabla siguiente con los valores de "
"tensión medidos en el sensor para diferentes potencias del transistor de "
"calentamiento."
msgstr ""
"Assemble the connection scheme of the temperature sensor with the heating"
" transistor. Complete the following table with the voltage values "
"​​measured in the sensor for different powers of the heating transistor."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:284
msgid "Transistor"
msgstr "Transistor"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:284
msgid "Tensión NTC"
msgstr "NTC voltage"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:288
msgid "100"
msgstr "100"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:289
msgid "150"
msgstr "150"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:290
msgid "200"
msgstr "200"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:291
msgid "250"
msgstr "250"

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:294
msgid ""
"Cada vez que cambie la potencia del calentador, será necesario esperar a "
"que la tensión medida en el sensor NTC se estabilice. La duración depende"
" de los componentes y puede ser de dos o tres minutos para conseguir la "
"máxima exactitud."
msgstr ""
"Every time the power of the heater changes, it will be necessary to wait "
"for the voltage measured on the NTC sensor to stabilize. The duration "
"depends on the components and can be two or three minutes to achieve "
"maximum accuracy."

#: ../../source/control-sensor-temp.rst:333
msgid ""
"El siguiente programa controla en lazo cerrado la temperatura del sensor."
" El esquema de funcionamiento se denomina todo/nada. Al comenzar, el "
"programa enciende el calentador a máxima potencia. Cuando la temperatura "
"supera el valor deseado, el calentador se apaga por completo."
msgstr ""
"The following program controls the sensor temperature in closed loop. The"
" operating scheme is called all/nothing. When starting, the program turns"
" on the heater at full power. When the temperature exceeds the desired "
"value, the heater turns off completely."