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#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:9
msgid "El transistor"
msgstr "The transistor"

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:10
msgid ""
"El transistor es un dispositivo electrónico de tres terminales que "
"permite amplificar la corriente eléctrica. Tiene múltiples aplicaciones "
"que van desde fabricar amplificadores de audio, osciladores de radio, "
"reguladores de tensión, controladores para motores eléctricos, fuentes de"
" alimentación, circuitos digitales, microprocesadores, memorias, etc. El "
"transistor forma parte de prácticamente todos los circuitos electrónicos."
msgstr ""
"The transistor is a three-terminal electronic device that allows "
"electrical current to be amplified. It has multiple applications ranging "
"from manufacturing audio amplifiers, radio oscillators, voltage "
"regulators, controllers for electric motors, power supplies, digital "
"circuits, microprocessors, memories, etc. The transistor is part of "
"practically all electronic circuits."

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:20
msgid "El transistor bipolar"
msgstr "The bipolar transistor"

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:21
msgid ""
"Es un tipo concreto de transistor basado en 3 zonas semiconductoras "
"dopadas alternativamente como positivas y negativas. De ahí que existan "
"dos transistores diferentes, un denominado NPN y otro denominado PNP, "
"según el dopaje positivo o negativo de las tres zonas."
msgstr ""
"It is a specific type of transistor based on 3 semiconductor zones doped "
"alternately as positive and negative. Hence there are two different "
"transistors, one called NPN and another called PNP, depending on the "
"positive or negative doping of the three zones."

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:27
msgid "Los símbolos de los dos transistores bipolares son los siguientes:"
msgstr "The symbols of the two bipolar transistors are as follows:"

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:34
msgid "Símbolo del transistor bipolar NPN."
msgstr "NPN bipolar transistor symbol."

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:41
msgid "Símbolo del transistor bipolar PNP."
msgstr "PNP bipolar transistor symbol."

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:43
msgid ""
"El funcionamiento de ambos tipos de transistores es muy semejante con la "
"diferencia de que el transistor PNP trabaja con corrientes negativas "
"mientras que el transistor NPN trabaja con corrientes positivas."
msgstr ""
"The operation of both types of transistors is very similar with the "
"difference that the PNP transistor works with negative currents while the"
" NPN transistor works with positive currents."

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:47
msgid ""
"En la práctica el transistor NPN es más utilizado porque es más eficiente"
" a la hora de conducir la corriente eléctrica. Por esa razón se estudiará"
" más en profundidad. El transistor PNP se verá más adelante en "
"configuraciones que utilizan los dos tipos de transistores, como la "
"salida analógica en push-pull o la salida digital en totem-pole."
msgstr ""
"In practice, the NPN transistor is more used because it is more efficient"
" when conducting electric current. For that reason it will be studied "
"more in depth. The PNP transistor will be seen later in configurations "
"that use both types of transistors, such as push-pull analog output or "
"totem-pole digital output."

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:55
msgid "El transistor como amplificador"
msgstr "The transistor as an amplifier"

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:56
msgid ""
"En el siguiente circuito podemos experimentar el funcionamiento de un "
"amplificador típico basado en transistor."
msgstr ""
"In the following circuit we can experience the operation of a typical "
"transistor-based amplifier."

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:59
msgid ""
"La **unión base-emisor** del transistor se comporta como un diodo, por lo"
" que necesita una tensión de 0.65 voltios para poder conducir corriente."
msgstr ""
"The **base-emitter junction** of the transistor behaves like a diode, so "
"it needs a voltage of 0.65 volts to be able to conduct current."

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:63
msgid ""
"En la barra lateral derecha hay una barra deslizante que permite cambiar "
"el valor de la resistencia de polarización de base. Esta resistencia "
"permite el paso de una pequeña corriente. El transistor amplifica la "
"corriente que llega por la base y deja pasar desde el colector hasta el "
"emisor una corriente mucho mayor, multiplicando la corriente de base por "
"la ganancia."
msgstr ""
"In the right sidebar there is a slider bar that allows you to change the "
"value of the base bias resistor. This resistance allows a small current "
"to pass through. The transistor amplifies the current that arrives "
"through the base and allows a much larger current to pass from the "
"collector to the emitter, multiplying the base current by the gain."

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:78
msgid "Ganancia del transistor"
msgstr "Transistor gain"

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:79
msgid ""
"La corriente de colector en un transistor típico es de 50 a 300 veces "
"mayor que la corriente de base. Esta relación entre la corriente de "
"colector y la corriente de base se denomina **ganancia** del transistor, "
"también denominada como β o parámetro **hfe**."
msgstr ""
"The collector current in a typical transistor is 50 to 300 times greater "
"than the base current. This relationship between the collector current "
"and the base current is called **gain** of the transistor, also known as "
"β or **hfe** parameter."

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:84
msgid "La fórmula de la ganancia del transistor por lo tanto será:"
msgstr "The transistor gain formula will therefore be:"

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:86
msgid "\\beta = hfe = \\cfrac{I_{colector}}{I_{base}}"
msgstr "\\beta = hfe = \\cfrac{I_{manifold}}{I_{base}}"

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:91
msgid "Donde las variables son:"
msgstr "Where the variables are:"

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:93
msgid "β = hfe = ganancia del transistor (número adimensional)"
msgstr "β = hfe = transistor gain (dimensionalless number)"

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:95
msgid "I_colector = corriente del colector en amperios [A]"
msgstr "I_collector = collector current in amperes [A]"

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:97
msgid "I_base = corriente de base en amperios [A]"
msgstr "I_base = base current in amperes [A]"

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:100
msgid ""
"Los transistores de potencia son transistores capaces de conducir "
"corrientes altas, mayores de un amperio. Estos transistores pueden tener "
"una ganancia menor de 50 cuando trabajan con grandes corrientes."
msgstr ""
"Power transistors are transistors capable of conducting high currents, "
"greater than one ampere. These transistors can have a gain of less than "
"50 when working with large currents."

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:105
msgid ""
"Lo mismo ocurre con los transistores de alta frecuencia, que a "
"frecuencias de trabajo cercanas a su límite tienen una ganancia mucho "
"menor que a bajas frecuencias."
msgstr ""
"The same happens with high-frequency transistors, which at operating "
"frequencies close to their limit have a much lower gain than at low "
"frequencies."

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:111
msgid "Ejercicios"
msgstr "Exercises"

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:113
msgid ""
"Dibuja el símbolo del transistor NPN y del transistor PNP y añade los "
"nombres de cada uno de sus terminales."
msgstr ""
"Draw the symbol for the NPN transistor and the PNP transistor and add the"
" names of each of their terminals."

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:116
msgid "¿Qué función tiene un transistor bipolar?"
msgstr "What function does a bipolar transistor have?"

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:118
msgid ""
"Dibuja un esquema eléctrico de un transistor bipolar funcionando. Añade "
"las corrientes y las tensiones que podemos encontrar en cada uno de sus "
"tres terminales."
msgstr ""
"Draw an electrical schematic of a working bipolar transistor. Add the "
"currents and voltages that we can find in each of its three terminals."

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:122
msgid ""
"Comprueba que la ganancia del transistor simulado vale 100 calculando la "
"relación entre la corriente de colector dividida por la corriente de "
"base."
msgstr ""
"Check that the simulated transistor gain is 100 by calculating the ratio "
"of the collector current divided by the base current."

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:126
msgid ""
"Desliza la barra de la derecha llamada ``Resistencia`` y comprueba si la "
"ganancia se mantiene para varias posiciones."
msgstr ""
"Slide the bar on the right called ``Resistance`` and check if the gain is"
" maintained for various positions."

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:129
msgid ""
"Cuando la resistencia de base deja pasar mucha corriente, llega un "
"momento que el transistor se **satura** y no puede conducir más "
"corriente."
msgstr ""
"When the base resistor lets too much current pass through, there comes a "
"time when the transistor becomes **saturated** and cannot conduct any "
"more current."

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:133
msgid ""
"Este es un comportamiento típico de los circuitos digitales, pero se "
"intenta evitar en los circuitos analógicos."
msgstr ""
"This is typical behavior in digital circuits, but is attempted to be "
"avoided in analog circuits."

#: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:136
msgid ""
"Cambia la resistencia de Base por una de 5k Ohmios. ¿Cuál es la ganancia "
"del transistor? ¿Qué tensión hay en el colector cuando el transistor está"
" **saturado**?"
msgstr ""
"Change the Base resistor to a 5k Ohm resistor. What is the gain of the "
"transistor? What is the collector voltage when the transistor is "
"**saturated**?"