msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version:Tecno Recursos 2023" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To:" "POT-Creation-Date:2023-10-18 17:17+0200" "PO-Revision-Date:YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE" "Last-Translator:FULL NAME " "Language:en" "Language-Team:en " "Plural-Forms:nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1)" "MIME-Version:1.0" "Content-Type:text/plain; charset=utf-8" "Content-Transfer-Encoding:8bit" "Generated-By:Babel 2.9.0" #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:9 msgid "El transistor" msgstr "The transistor" #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:10 msgid "" "El transistor es un dispositivo electrónico de tres terminales que permite " "amplificar la corriente eléctrica. Tiene múltiples aplicaciones van desde " "fabricar amplificadores de audio, osciladores de radio, reguladores de " "tensión, controladores para motores eléctricos, fuentes de alimentación, " "circuitos digitales, microprocesadores, memorias, etc. El transistor forma " "parte de prácticamente todos los circuitos electrónicos." msgstr "" "The transistor is a three-terminal electronic device that allows electrical " "current to be amplified. It has multiple applications ranging from " "manufacturing audio amplifiers, radio oscillators, voltage regulators, " "controllers for electric motors, power supplies, digital circuits, " "microprocessors, memories, etc. The transistor is part of practically all " "electronic circuits." #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:20 msgid "El transistor bipolar" msgstr "The bipolar transistor" #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:21 msgid "" "Es un tipo concreto de transistor basado en 3 zonas semiconductoras dopadas " "alternativamente como positivas y negativas. De ahí que existan dos " "transistores diferentes, un denominado NPN y otro denominado PNP, según el " "dopaje positivo o negativo de las tres zonas." msgstr "" "It is a specific type of transistor based on 3 semiconductor zones doped " "alternately as positive and negative. Hence there are two different " "transistors, one called NPN and another called PNP, depending on the " "positive or negative doping of the three zones." #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:27 msgid "Los símbolos de los dos transistores bipolares son los siguientes:" msgstr "The symbols of the two bipolar transistors are as follows:" #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:34 msgid "Símbolo del transistor bipolar NPN." msgstr "NPN bipolar transistor symbol." #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:41 msgid "Símbolo del transistor bipolar PNP." msgstr "PNP bipolar transistor symbol." #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:43 msgid "" "El funcionamiento de ambos tipos de transistores es muy semejante con la " "diferencia de que el transistor PNP trabaja con corrientes negativas " "mientras que el transistor NPN trabaja con corrientes positivas." msgstr "" "The operation of both types of transistors is very similar with the " "difference that the PNP transistor works with negative currents while the " "NPN transistor works with positive currents." #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:47 msgid "" "En la práctica el transistor NPN es más utilizado porque es más eficiente a " "la hora de conducir la corriente eléctrica. Por esa razón se estudiará más " "en profundidad. El transistor PNP se verá más adelante en configuraciones " "que utilizan los dos tipos de transistores, como la salida analógica en " "push-pull o la salida digital en totem-pole." msgstr "" "In practice, the NPN transistor is more used because it is more efficient " "when conducting electric current. For that reason it will be studied more in" " depth. The PNP transistor will be seen later in configurations that use " "both types of transistors, such as push-pull analog output or totem-pole " "digital output." #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:55 msgid "El transistor como amplificador" msgstr "The transistor as an amplifier" #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:56 msgid "" "En el siguiente circuito podemos experimentar el funcionamiento de un " "amplificador típico basado en transistor." msgstr "" "In the following circuit we can experience the operation of a typical " "transistor-based amplifier." #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:59 msgid "" "La **unión base-emisor** del transistor se comporta como un diodo, por lo " "que necesita una tensión de 0.65 voltios para poder conducir corriente." msgstr "" "The **base-emitter junction** of the transistor behaves like a diode, so it " "needs a voltage of 0.65 volts to be able to conduct current." #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:63 msgid "" "En la barra lateral derecha hay una barra deslizante que permite cambiar el " "valor de la resistencia de polarización de base. Esta resistencia permite el" " paso de una pequeña corriente. El transistor amplifica la corriente que " "llega por la base y deja pasar desde el colector hasta el emisor una " "corriente mucho mayor, multiplicando la corriente de base por la ganancia." msgstr "" "In the right sidebar there is a slider bar that allows you to change the " "value of the base bias resistor. This resistance allows a small current to " "pass through. The transistor amplifies the current that arrives through the " "base and allows a much larger current to pass from the collector to the " "emitter, multiplying the base current by the gain." #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:78 msgid "Ganancia del transistor" msgstr "Transistor gain" #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:79 msgid "" "La corriente de colector en un transistor típico es de 50 a 300 veces mayor " "que la corriente de base. Esta relación entre la corriente de colector y la " "corriente de base se denomina **ganancia** del transistor, también " "denominada como β o parámetro **hfe**." msgstr "" "The collector current in a typical transistor is 50 to 300 times greater " "than the base current. This relationship between the collector current and " "the base current is called **gain** of the transistor, also known as β or " "parameter **hfe**." #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:84 msgid "La fórmula de la ganancia del transistor por lo tanto será:" msgstr "The transistor gain formula will therefore be:" #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:86 msgid "\\beta = hfe = \\cfrac{I_{colector}}{I_{base}}" msgstr "\\beta = hfe = \\cfrac{I_{manifold}}{I_{base}}" #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:91 msgid "Donde las variables son:" msgstr "Where the variables are:" #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:93 msgid "β = hfe = ganancia del transistor (número adimensional)" msgstr "β = hfe = transistor gain (dimensionalless number)" #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:95 msgid "I_colector = corriente del colector en amperios [A]" msgstr "I_collector = collector current in amperes [A]" #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:97 msgid "I_base = corriente de base en amperios [A]" msgstr "I_base = base current in amperes [A]" #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:100 msgid "" "Los transistores de potencia son transistores capaces de conducir corrientes" " altas, mayores de un amperio. Estos transistores pueden tener una ganancia " "menor de 50 cuando trabajan con grandes corrientes." msgstr "" "Power transistors are transistors capable of conducting high currents, " "greater than one ampere. These transistors can have a gain of less than 50 " "when working with large currents." #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:105 msgid "" "Lo mismo ocurre con los transistores de alta frecuencia, que a frecuencias " "de trabajo cercanas a su límite tienen una ganancia mucho menor que a bajas " "frecuencias." msgstr "" "The same happens with high-frequency transistors, which at operating " "frequencies close to their limit have a much lower gain than at low " "frequencies." #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:111 msgid "Ejercicios" msgstr "Exercises" #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:113 msgid "" "Dibuja el símbolo del transistor NPN y del transistor PNP y añade los " "nombres de cada uno de sus terminales." msgstr "" "Draw the symbol for the NPN transistor and the PNP transistor and add the " "names of each of their terminals." #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:116 msgid "¿Qué función tiene un transistor bipolar?" msgstr "What function does a bipolar transistor have?" #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:118 msgid "" "Dibuja un esquema eléctrico de un transistor bipolar funcionando. Añade las " "corrientes y las tensiones que podemos encontrar en cada uno de sus tres " "terminales." msgstr "" "Draw an electrical schematic of a working bipolar transistor. Add the " "currents and voltages that we can find in each of its three terminals." #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:122 msgid "" "Comprueba que la ganancia del transistor simulado vale 100 calculando la " "relación entre la corriente de colector dividida por la corriente de base." msgstr "" "Check that the simulated transistor gain is 100 by calculating the ratio of " "the collector current divided by the base current." #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:126 msgid "" "Desliza la barra de la derecha llamada ``Resistencia`` y comprueba si la " "ganancia se mantiene para varias posiciones." msgstr "" "Slide the bar on the right called ``Resistance`` and check if the gain is " "maintained for various positions." #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:129 msgid "" "Cuando la resistencia de base deja pasar mucha corriente, llega un momento " "que el transistor se **satura** y no puede conducir más corriente." msgstr "" "When the base resistor lets too much current pass through, there comes a " "time when the transistor becomes **saturated** and cannot conduct any more " "current." #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:133 msgid "" "Este es un comportamiento típico de los circuitos digitales, pero se intenta" " evitar en los circuitos analógicos." msgstr "" "This is typical behavior in digital circuits, but is attempted to be avoided" " in analog circuits." #: ../../source/electronic-bjt.rst:136 msgid "" "¿Cuál es la tensión entre el emisor y el colector cuando el transistor está " "**saturado**?" msgstr "" "What is the voltage between the emitter and collector when the transistor is" " **saturated**?"