msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Tecno Recursos 2023Report-Msgid-Bugs-To:POT-Creation-" "Date:2023-02-07 18:33+0100PO-Revision-Date:YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONELast-" "Translator:FULL NAME Language:enLanguage-Team:en " "Plural-Forms:nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1)MIME-Version:1" ".0Content-Type:text/plain; charset=utf-8Content-Transfer-Encoding" ":8bitGenerated-By:Babel 2.9.0\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: EMAIL@ADDRESS\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2024-02-20 18:24+0100\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Generated-By: Babel 2.9.0\n" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:9 msgid "Clasificación de los materiales" msgstr "Material Classification" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:10 msgid "" "Los materiales se pueden clasificar según muchos criterios. En esta " "unidad se estudiarán los materiales según su procesado, según sea el " "origen de la materia prima, los tipos de materiales y su clasificación " "según el impacto que tengan en el medio ambiente." msgstr "" "Materials can be classified according to many criteria. In this unit, " "materials will be studied according to their processing, depending on the" " origin of the raw material, the types of materials and their " "classification according to the impact they have on the environment." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:19 msgid "Índice de contenidos" msgstr "" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:22 msgid "Clasificación según el nivel de procesado" msgstr "Classification according to the level of processing" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:29 msgid "" "Los materiales siguen un proceso de transformación desde que se extraen " "hasta que se convierten en un objeto útil." msgstr "" "The materials follow a transformation process from the moment they are " "extracted until they become a useful object." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:33 msgid "Materia prima" msgstr "Raw material" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:35 msgid "" "Es un material primario que se encuentra en la naturaleza. La materia " "prima se puede transformar en materiales técnicos para fabricar " "productos." msgstr "" "It is a primary material found in nature. Raw material can be transformed" " into technical materials to make products." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:39 msgid "" "Ejemplos de materias primas son: lana, piel, seda, algodón, madera, " "hierro, cobre, petróleo, arcilla, látex." msgstr "" "Examples of raw materials are: wool, skin, silk, cotton, wood, iron, " "copper, oil, clay, latex." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:43 msgid "Material técnico" msgstr "Technical equipment" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:45 msgid "" "Estos son los materiales que se obtienen transformando las materias " "primas. Se utilizan para fabricar productos terminados." msgstr "" "These are the materials that are obtained by transforming raw materials. " "They are used to make finished products." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:48 msgid "" "Algunos ejemplos de materiales técnicos que se obtienen a partir de las " "materias primas:" msgstr "Some examples of technical materials that are obtained from raw materials:" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:51 msgid "" "A partir de la madera se fabrican tablones macizos, listones, serrín, " "tablones de aglomerado, papel, cartón." msgstr "" "Solid planks, slats, sawdust, chipboard, paper, cardboard are made from " "wood." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:53 msgid "A partir del algodón se fabrican los hilos, cuerdas, telas, fieltros." msgstr "Threads, ropes, fabrics, felts are made from cotton." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:55 msgid "" "A partir del hierro se fabrican tubos, planchas, ángulos, tornillos, " "vigas, clavos, alambres." msgstr "Tubes, plates, angles, screws, beams, nails, wires are made from iron." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:57 msgid "A partir del plástico se fabrican hilos, telas, cuerdas, láminas." msgstr "Threads, fabrics, ropes, sheets are made from plastic." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:58 msgid "A partir de la piel se fabrica cuero." msgstr "Leather is manufactured from the skin." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:60 msgid "Producto terminado" msgstr "Finished product" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:62 msgid "" "Estos son los productos que podemos comprar en las tiendas. Están " "compuestos de diversos materiales técnicos." msgstr "" "These are the products that we can buy in stores. They are composed of " "various technical materials." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:65 msgid "Ejemplos de productos terminados y los materiales que utilizan." msgstr "Examples of finished products and the materials they use." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:67 msgid "" "Pantalón: fabricado con tela e hilo de algodón, hilos de plástico, " "remaches y cremallera de latón, etiqueta de cuero." msgstr "" "Trousers: made with cotton fabric and thread, plastic threads, brass " "rivets and zipper, leather label." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:69 msgid "" "Silla: fabricada con patas y tornillos de hierro, tacos, telas y pinturas" " de plástico, asiento y respaldo de madera." msgstr "" "Chair: made with iron legs and screws, plugs, fabrics and plastic paints," " wooden seat and back." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:71 msgid "" "Estantería de salón: fabricada con madera aglomerada, cristales " "provenientes de la arena, clavos y tornillos de hierro, tiradores de " "plástico." msgstr "" "Living room shelf: made of chipboard, crystals from the sand, nails and " "iron screws, plastic handles." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:77 msgid "Clasificación según el origen de la materia prima" msgstr "Classification according to the origin of the raw material" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:78 msgid "Los materiales se pueden clasificar según el origen de la materia prima:" msgstr "Materials can be classified according to the origin of the raw material:" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:83 msgid "**Materiales de origen vegetal**:" msgstr "**Materials of plant origin**:" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:82 msgid "" "Algodón, lino, madera, aceites vegetales, resinas, cáñamo, caucho, " "corcho, celulosa." msgstr "" "Cotton, linen, wood, vegetable oils, resins, hemp, rubber, cork, " "cellulose." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:86 msgid "**Materiales de origen animal**:" msgstr "**Materials of animal origin**:" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:86 msgid "Lana, piel, seda." msgstr "Wool, skin, silk." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:90 msgid "**Materiales de origen mineral**:" msgstr "**Materials of mineral origin**:" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:89 msgid "Mármol, arcilla, metales, petróleo." msgstr "Marble, clay, metals, oil." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:93 msgid "Clasificación según el tipo de material" msgstr "Classification according to the type of material" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:94 msgid "" "Podemos clasificar los materiales asociando aquellos cuyas propiedades " "sean semejantes. Por ejemplo, los metales, los materiales plásticos, etc." msgstr "" "We can classify materials by associating those whose properties are " "similar. For example, metals, plastic materials, etc." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:97 msgid "Según esta clasificación tenemos los siguientes materiales:" msgstr "According to this classification we have the following materials:" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:100 msgid ":ref:`material-petreos`" msgstr ":ref:`material-petreos`" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:102 msgid "" "Provienen de las piedras o arenas de la naturaleza. Se pueden clasificar " "en los siguientes grupos." msgstr "" "They come from the stones or sands of nature. They can be classified into" " the following groups." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:105 msgid "Naturales: mármol, granito, pizarra, piedra caliza, arenisca." msgstr "Natural: marble, granite, slate, limestone, sandstone." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:106 msgid "Aglomerantes: yeso, cemento, hormigón." msgstr "Binders: plaster, cement, concrete." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:107 msgid "Cerámicos: arcilla, loza, gres, porcelana." msgstr "Ceramics: clay, earthenware, stoneware, porcelain." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:108 msgid "Vidrio." msgstr "Glass." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:111 msgid ":ref:`material-madera`" msgstr ":ref:`material-madera`" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:113 msgid "Están hechos de madera maciza o de derivados de la madera prensados." msgstr "They are made of solid wood or pressed wood derivatives." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:115 msgid "Madera cortada: blandas y duras." msgstr "Cut wood: soft and hard." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:116 msgid "Madera chapada: Contrachapado, madera laminada." msgstr "Veneered wood: Plywood, laminated wood." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:117 msgid "Madera Aglomerada: aglomerado, DM." msgstr "Chipboard: chipboard, DM." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:118 msgid "Papel y cartón." msgstr "Paper and paperboard." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:121 msgid ":ref:`material-textiles`" msgstr ":ref:`material-textiles`" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:123 msgid "" "Son materiales que agrupan desde las telas usadas en ropa o muebles, " "hasta un balón de cuero o la vela de un barco. Aunque su origen es muy " "distinto, todos tienen en común su gran flexibilidad y los procesos de " "cosido y pegado que se utilizan en la fabricación." msgstr "" "They are materials that group from the fabrics used in clothing or " "furniture, to a leather ball or the sail of a boat. Although their origin" " is very different, they all have in common their great flexibility and " "the sewing and gluing processes used in manufacturing." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:129 msgid "Hilos: Seda, lana, algodón, poliéster." msgstr "Threads: Silk, wool, cotton, polyester." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:130 msgid "Telas: vaqueros, jersey de lana, vela de barco." msgstr "Fabrics: jeans, wool jersey, boat sail." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:131 msgid "Cueros: zapatos, guantes, sillones, cinturones, recipientes para líquidos." msgstr "Leather: shoes, gloves, armchairs, belts, containers for liquids." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:135 msgid ":ref:`material-metales`" msgstr ":ref:`material-metales`" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:137 msgid "" "Se extraen calentando óxidos y sulfuros que se encuentran en la " "naturaleza en forma de rocas. Se pueden clasificar en los siguientes " "grupos." msgstr "" "They are extracted by heating oxides and sulfides found in nature in the " "form of rocks. They can be classified into the following groups." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:141 msgid "Basados en hierro: hierro, acero, acero inoxidable." msgstr "Iron-based: iron, steel, stainless steel." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:142 msgid "Basados en cobre: cobre, latón, bronce." msgstr "Copper-based: copper, brass, bronze." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:143 msgid "Metales ligeros: aluminio, litio, magnesio." msgstr "Light metals: aluminum, lithium, magnesium." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:144 msgid "Metales pesados: plomo, cromo, cadmio, mercurio." msgstr "Heavy metals: lead, chromium, cadmium, mercury." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:145 msgid "Metales preciosos: oro, plata, rodio, platino." msgstr "Precious metals: gold, silver, rhodium, platinum." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:148 msgid ":ref:`material-plasticos`" msgstr ":ref:`material-plasticos`" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:150 msgid "" "Provienen del gas natural o del petróleo refinado. Se pueden clasificar " "en los siguientes grupos." msgstr "" "They come from natural gas or refined oil. They can be classified into " "the following groups." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:153 msgid "" "Termoplásticos: PET, polietileno, PVC, polipropileno, poliestireno, " "nailon, teflón." msgstr "" "Thermoplastics: PET, polyethylene, PVC, polypropylene, polystyrene, " "nylon, Teflon." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:154 msgid "Termoestables: baquelita, melamina, resina epoxi." msgstr "Thermosets: bakelite, melamine, epoxy resin." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:155 msgid "Elastómeros: látex, neopreno, siliconas, caucho sintético." msgstr "Elastomers: latex, neoprene, silicones, synthetic rubber." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:161 msgid "Ejercicios" msgstr "Exercises" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:162 msgid "" "Clasifica los siguientes materiales según su origen mineral, vegetal o " "animal." msgstr "" "Classify the following materials according to their mineral, vegetable or" " animal origin." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:165 msgid "Cinturón de cuero" msgstr "Leather belt" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:166 msgid "Calcetines de algodón" msgstr "Cotton socks" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:167 msgid "Mallas de poliéster" msgstr "Polyester leggings" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:168 msgid "Tejas y ladrillos" msgstr "Tiles and bricks" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:169 msgid "Corbata de seda" msgstr "Silk tie" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:170 msgid "Encimera de mármol" msgstr "Marble countertop" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:171 msgid "Mesa de madera" msgstr "Wood table" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:172 msgid "Jersey de lana" msgstr "Wool jersey" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:173 msgid "Puerta de hierro" msgstr "Iron door" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:174 msgid "Ventana de aluminio" msgstr "Aluminum window" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:175 msgid "Camisa de lino" msgstr "Linen shirt" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:176 msgid "Alpargatas de cáñamo" msgstr "Hemp espadrilles" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:177 msgid "Suelo de terrazo" msgstr "Terrazzo floor" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:179 msgid "" "Encuentra cinco objetos cotidianos de tu entorno que estén fabricados con" " cada uno de estos tipos de materiales:" msgstr "" "Find five everyday objects in your environment that are made of each of " "these types of materials:" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:182 msgid "Objetos de metal." msgstr "Metal objects." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:184 msgid "Objetos de plástico." msgstr "Plastic objects." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:186 msgid "Objetos de madera." msgstr "Wooden objects." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:188 msgid "Objetos de materiales pétreos." msgstr "Objects of stone materials." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:190 msgid "Objetos con materiales de origen animal." msgstr "Objects with materials of animal origin." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:192 msgid "" "Busca en Internet cinco objetos cotidianos que se encuentren en tu " "entorno y estén fabricados con materiales tóxicos." msgstr "" "Search the Internet for five everyday objects that are found in your " "environment and are made of toxic materials." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:197 msgid "Cuestionarios" msgstr "" #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:198 msgid "Cuestionarios de tipo test sobre la clasificación de los materiales." msgstr "Test-type questionnaires on the classification of materials." #: ../../source/material-clasific.rst:200 msgid "" "`Clasificación de los materiales. `__" msgstr "`Material classification. `__"