{
 "metadata": {
  "name": ""
 },
 "nbformat": 3,
 "nbformat_minor": 0,
 "worksheets": [
  {
   "cells": [
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "#VII-Tips and Tricks\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "Lecturer:*Jos\u00e9 Pedro Silva*<sup>[1](http://www-num.math.uni-wuppertal.de/en/amna/people/jose-pedro-silva.html)</sup> - [silva_at_math.uni-wuppertal.de](mailto:silva_at_math.uni-wuppertal.de)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "from numpy import finfo, iinfo\n",
      "import numpy as np\n",
      "finfo(np.float128).eps"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 10,
       "text": [
        "1.084202172485504434e-19"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 10
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "**LOOPS**"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "for i in [0,1,2,3,4,5]:\n",
      "    print i**2"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "0\n",
        "1\n",
        "4\n",
        "9\n",
        "16\n",
        "25\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 11
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "for i in range(6):\n",
      "    print i**2"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "0\n",
        "1\n",
        "4\n",
        "9\n",
        "16\n",
        "25\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 6
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "for i in xrange(6):\n",
      "    print i**2"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "0\n",
        "1\n",
        "4\n",
        "9\n",
        "16\n",
        "25\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 7
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "from numpy import arange"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 5
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%%timeit\n",
      "\n",
      "from numpy import arange\n",
      "for i in arange(100000000):\n",
      "    pass"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "ename": "KeyboardInterrupt",
       "evalue": "",
       "output_type": "pyerr",
       "traceback": [
        "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;31mKeyboardInterrupt\u001b[0m                         Traceback (most recent call last)",
        "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-4-fe251d2d3a0a>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mget_ipython\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mrun_cell_magic\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34mu'timeit'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34mu''\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34mu'\\nfrom numpy import arange\\nfor i in arange(100000000):\\n    pass'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
        "\u001b[1;32m/home/jpsilva/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/IPython/core/interactiveshell.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mrun_cell_magic\u001b[1;34m(self, magic_name, line, cell)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2160\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mmagic_arg_s\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mvar_expand\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mline\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mstack_depth\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2161\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mwith\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mbuiltin_trap\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 2162\u001b[1;33m                 \u001b[0mresult\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfn\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmagic_arg_s\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcell\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   2163\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mresult\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2164\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
        "\u001b[1;32m/home/jpsilva/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/IPython/core/magics/execution.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mtimeit\u001b[1;34m(self, line, cell)\u001b[0m\n",
        "\u001b[1;32m/home/jpsilva/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/IPython/core/magic.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<lambda>\u001b[1;34m(f, *a, **k)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    191\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;31m# but it's overkill for just that one bit of state.\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    192\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmagic_deco\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0marg\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 193\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[0mcall\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mlambda\u001b[0m \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mk\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mk\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    194\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    195\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcallable\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0marg\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
        "\u001b[1;32m/home/jpsilva/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/IPython/core/magics/execution.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mtimeit\u001b[1;34m(self, line, cell)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1014\u001b[0m                     \u001b[1;32mbreak\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1015\u001b[0m                 \u001b[0mnumber\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m*=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m10\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 1016\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[0mall_runs\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtimer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mrepeat\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mrepeat\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mnumber\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   1017\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mbest\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmin\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mall_runs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m \u001b[0mnumber\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1018\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mnot\u001b[0m \u001b[0mquiet\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
        "\u001b[1;32m/home/jpsilva/anaconda/lib/python2.7/timeit.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mrepeat\u001b[1;34m(self, repeat, number)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    221\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mr\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    222\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mfor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mi\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32min\u001b[0m \u001b[0mrange\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mrepeat\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 223\u001b[1;33m             \u001b[0mt\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtimeit\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mnumber\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    224\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mr\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mappend\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mt\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    225\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mr\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
        "\u001b[1;32m/home/jpsilva/anaconda/lib/python2.7/timeit.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mtimeit\u001b[1;34m(self, number)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    193\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mgc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdisable\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    194\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mtry\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 195\u001b[1;33m             \u001b[0mtiming\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0minner\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mit\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtimer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    196\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mfinally\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    197\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mgcold\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
        "\u001b[1;32m<magic-timeit>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36minner\u001b[1;34m(_it, _timer)\u001b[0m\n",
        "\u001b[1;31mKeyboardInterrupt\u001b[0m: "
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 4
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%%timeit\n",
      "\n",
      "for i in xrange(1000000000):\n",
      "    pass"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "ename": "KeyboardInterrupt",
       "evalue": "",
       "output_type": "pyerr",
       "traceback": [
        "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;31mKeyboardInterrupt\u001b[0m                         Traceback (most recent call last)",
        "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-1-e230d5d21e84>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mget_ipython\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mrun_cell_magic\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34mu'timeit'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34mu''\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34mu'\\nfor i in xrange(1000000000):\\n    pass'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
        "\u001b[1;32m/home/jpsilva/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/IPython/core/interactiveshell.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mrun_cell_magic\u001b[1;34m(self, magic_name, line, cell)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2160\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mmagic_arg_s\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mvar_expand\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mline\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mstack_depth\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2161\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mwith\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mbuiltin_trap\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 2162\u001b[1;33m                 \u001b[0mresult\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfn\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmagic_arg_s\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcell\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   2163\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mresult\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2164\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
        "\u001b[1;32m/home/jpsilva/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/IPython/core/magics/execution.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mtimeit\u001b[1;34m(self, line, cell)\u001b[0m\n",
        "\u001b[1;32m/home/jpsilva/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/IPython/core/magic.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<lambda>\u001b[1;34m(f, *a, **k)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    191\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;31m# but it's overkill for just that one bit of state.\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    192\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmagic_deco\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0marg\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 193\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[0mcall\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mlambda\u001b[0m \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mk\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mk\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    194\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    195\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcallable\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0marg\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
        "\u001b[1;32m/home/jpsilva/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/IPython/core/magics/execution.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mtimeit\u001b[1;34m(self, line, cell)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1014\u001b[0m                     \u001b[1;32mbreak\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1015\u001b[0m                 \u001b[0mnumber\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m*=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m10\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 1016\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[0mall_runs\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtimer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mrepeat\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mrepeat\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mnumber\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   1017\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mbest\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmin\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mall_runs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m \u001b[0mnumber\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1018\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mnot\u001b[0m \u001b[0mquiet\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
        "\u001b[1;32m/home/jpsilva/anaconda/lib/python2.7/timeit.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mrepeat\u001b[1;34m(self, repeat, number)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    221\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mr\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    222\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mfor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mi\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32min\u001b[0m \u001b[0mrange\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mrepeat\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 223\u001b[1;33m             \u001b[0mt\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtimeit\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mnumber\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    224\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mr\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mappend\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mt\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    225\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mr\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
        "\u001b[1;32m/home/jpsilva/anaconda/lib/python2.7/timeit.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mtimeit\u001b[1;34m(self, number)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    193\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mgc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdisable\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    194\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mtry\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 195\u001b[1;33m             \u001b[0mtiming\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0minner\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mit\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtimer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    196\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mfinally\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    197\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mgcold\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
        "\u001b[1;32m<magic-timeit>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36minner\u001b[1;34m(_it, _timer)\u001b[0m\n",
        "\u001b[1;31mKeyboardInterrupt\u001b[0m: "
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 1
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "*xrange is now range in Python3!*"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "**Looping over collections**"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "colors = ['red','green','blue','yellow']"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 5
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "for i in range(len(colors)):\n",
      "    print colors[i]"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "red\n",
        "green\n",
        "blue\n",
        "yellow\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 7
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "for color in colors:\n",
      "    print color"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "red\n",
        "green\n",
        "blue\n",
        "yellow\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 8
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "**Looping backwards**"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "for i in range(len(colors)-1,-1,-1):\n",
      "    print colors[i]"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "yellow\n",
        "blue\n",
        "green\n",
        "red\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 13
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "for color in reversed(colors):\n",
      "    print color"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "yellow\n",
        "blue\n",
        "green\n",
        "red\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 14
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "**Looping with indices**"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "for i in range(len(colors)):\n",
      "    print i, '-->', colors[i]"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "0 --> red\n",
        "1 --> green\n",
        "2 --> blue\n",
        "3 --> yellow\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 15
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "for i,color in enumerate(colors):\n",
      "    print i, '-->', color"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "0 --> red\n",
        "1 --> green\n",
        "2 --> blue\n",
        "3 --> yellow\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 16
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%%timeit \n",
      "for i in range(len(colors)):\n",
      "    pass"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "1000000 loops, best of 3: 360 ns per loop\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 9
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%%timeit\n",
      "for i,color in enumerate(colors):\n",
      "    pass"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "1000000 loops, best of 3: 398 ns per loop\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 12
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "**Looping over two collection**"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "names = ['Ze','Pedro','Nicola','Jose','Filipe']"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 6
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "n = min(len(names), len(colors))\n",
      "for i in range(n):\n",
      "    print names[i], '-->', colors[i]"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Ze --> red\n",
        "Pedro --> green\n",
        "Nicola --> blue\n",
        "Jose --> yellow\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 19
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "for name,color in zip(names,colors):\n",
      "    print name,'-->', color"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Ze --> red\n",
        "Pedro --> green\n",
        "Nicola --> blue\n",
        "Jose --> yellow\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 20
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%%timeit\n",
      "\n",
      "n = min(len(names), len(colors))\n",
      "for i in range(n):\n",
      "    pass\n",
      "# print names[i], '-->', colors[i]"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "1000000 loops, best of 3: 552 ns per loop\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 6
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%%timeit\n",
      "\n",
      "for name,color in zip(names,colors):\n",
      "    pass\n",
      "#     print name,'-->', color"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "1000000 loops, best of 3: 573 ns per loop\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 7
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%%timeit\n",
      "\n",
      "from itertools import izip\n",
      "for name,color in izip(names,colors):\n",
      "    pass\n",
      "#     print name, '-->', color"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "1000000 loops, best of 3: 1.38 \u00b5s per loop\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 8
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "for color in sorted(colors, key=lambda x: len(x), reverse=True):\n",
      "    print color"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "yellow\n",
        "green\n",
        "blue\n",
        "red\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 12
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "partial?"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Object `partial` not found.\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 23
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "d = {'P\u00f3lvora':'I','Silva':'II','Cantarutti':'III','Santos':'IV'}"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 13
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%load_ext memory_profiler"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 2
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%memit for i in range(100000000): pass"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "peak memory: 3137.62 MiB, increment: 3107.40 MiB\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 3
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%memit for i in xrange(100000000): pass"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "peak memory: 2374.84 MiB, increment: 0.00 MiB\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 4
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "for k in d:\n",
      "    print k"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Silva\n",
        "P\u00f3lvora\n",
        "Santos\n",
        "Cantarutti\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 14
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "for k in d:\n",
      "    print k, '-->', d[k]"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Silva --> II\n",
        "P\u00f3lvora --> I\n",
        "Santos --> IV\n",
        "Cantarutti --> III\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 26
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "for k,v in d.items():\n",
      "    print k, '-->', v"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Silva --> II\n",
        "P\u00f3lvora --> I\n",
        "Santos --> IV\n",
        "Cantarutti --> III\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 27
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "for k,v in d.iteritems():\n",
      "    print k, '-->', v"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Silva --> II\n",
        "P\u00f3lvora --> I\n",
        "Santos --> IV\n",
        "Cantarutti --> III\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 28
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "from itertools import izip\n",
      "d2 = dict(izip(names,colors))\n",
      "d2"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 10,
       "text": [
        "{'Jose': 'yellow', 'Nicola': 'blue', 'Pedro': 'green', 'Ze': 'red'}"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 10
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "**Counting with dict**"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "colors = ['red','blue','green','red','yellow','green']"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 12
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "d3 = {}\n",
      "for color in colors:\n",
      "    if color not in d3:\n",
      "        d3[color] = 0\n",
      "    d3[color] += 1\n",
      "d3"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "1000000 loops, best of 3: 1.01 \u00b5s per loop\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 18
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "d3 = {}\n",
      "for color in colors:\n",
      "    d3[color] = d3.get(color,0) + 1\n",
      "d3"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "1000000 loops, best of 3: 1.17 \u00b5s per loop\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 19
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "from collections import defaultdict"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 14
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "d3 = defaultdict(int)\n",
      "for color in colors:\n",
      "    d3[color] += 1\n",
      "d3 = dict(d3)\n",
      "d3"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "1000000 loops, best of 3: 1.74 \u00b5s per loop\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 24
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "**Group with dict**"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "names = ['Ze','Pedro','Nicola','Jose','Filipe','Yasser','Maria','Gilson']"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 26
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "d = {}\n",
      "for name in names:\n",
      "    key = len(name)\n",
      "    if key not in d:\n",
      "        d[key] = []\n",
      "    d[key].append(name)\n",
      "d"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 27,
       "text": [
        "{2: ['Ze'],\n",
        " 4: ['Jose'],\n",
        " 5: ['Pedro', 'Maria'],\n",
        " 6: ['Nicola', 'Filipe', 'Yasser', 'Gilson']}"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 27
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "d = {}\n",
      "for name in names:\n",
      "    key = len(name)\n",
      "    d.setdefault(key, []).append(name)\n",
      "d"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 28,
       "text": [
        "{2: ['Ze'],\n",
        " 4: ['Jose'],\n",
        " 5: ['Pedro', 'Maria'],\n",
        " 6: ['Nicola', 'Filipe', 'Yasser', 'Gilson']}"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 28
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "d = defaultdict(list)\n",
      "for name in names:\n",
      "    d[len(name)].append(name)\n",
      "dict(d)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 29,
       "text": [
        "{2: ['Ze'],\n",
        " 4: ['Jose'],\n",
        " 5: ['Pedro', 'Maria'],\n",
        " 6: ['Nicola', 'Filipe', 'Yasser', 'Gilson']}"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 29
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "**Unpacking sequences**"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "data = 'Jose','Silva',28,'silva@math.uni-wuppertal.de'\n",
      "fname = data[0]\n",
      "lname = data[1]\n",
      "age = data[2]\n",
      "email = data[3]\n",
      "print fname, lname, age, email"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Jose Silva 28 silva@math.uni-wuppertal.de\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 31
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "fname, lname, _ = data\n",
      "print fname, lname, age"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "ename": "ValueError",
       "evalue": "too many values to unpack",
       "output_type": "pyerr",
       "traceback": [
        "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;31mValueError\u001b[0m                                Traceback (most recent call last)",
        "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-41-755e818d6955>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mfname\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mlname\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdata\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m      2\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mprint\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfname\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mlname\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mage\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
        "\u001b[1;31mValueError\u001b[0m: too many values to unpack"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 41
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Works specially well with points, for example"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "from numpy import *"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 43
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "p1 = (1,1)\n",
      "x, y = p1\n",
      "r, theta = sqrt(x**2+y**2), arctan(y/x)\n",
      "print r,theta"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "1.41421356237 0.785398163397\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 44
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "The ugly, the map, and the list comprehensions"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "oldlist = ['eu','ich','i','io','yo','\u044f']"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 45
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "newlist = []\n",
      "for word in oldlist:\n",
      "    newlist.append(word.capitalize())\n",
      "for word in newlist:\n",
      "    print word,"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Eu Ich I Io Yo \u044f\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 46
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "newlist = map(str.capitalize,oldlist)\n",
      "for word in newlist:\n",
      "    print word,"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Eu Ich I Io Yo \u044f\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 47
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "newlist = [word.capitalize() for word in oldlist]\n",
      "for word in newlist:\n",
      "    print word,"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Eu Ich I Io Yo \u044f\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 48
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%%timeit\n",
      "newlist = []\n",
      "for word in oldlist:\n",
      "    newlist.append(word.capitalize())"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "1000000 loops, best of 3: 1.25 \u00b5s per loop\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 49
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%timeit newlist = map(str.capitalize,oldlist)\n",
      "%timeit newlist = [word.capitalize() for word in oldlist]"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "1000000 loops, best of 3: 977 ns per loop\n",
        "1000000 loops, best of 3: 793 ns per loop"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 50
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "oldlist = [u'eu',u'ich',u'i',u'io',u'yo',u'\u044f']\n",
      "newlist = []\n",
      "for word in oldlist:\n",
      "    newlist.append(word.capitalize())\n",
      "for word in newlist:\n",
      "    print word,\n",
      "print\n",
      "newlist = [word.capitalize() for word in oldlist]\n",
      "for word in newlist:\n",
      "    print word,\n",
      "newlist = map(unicode.capitalize,oldlist)\n",
      "for word in newlist:\n",
      "    print word,"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Eu Ich I Io Yo \u042f\n",
        "Eu Ich I Io Yo \u042f Eu Ich I Io Yo \u042f\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 51
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "**Sum of squares up to N**"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "result = []\n",
      "N = 10\n",
      "for i in range(N):\n",
      "    s = i**2\n",
      "    result.append(s)\n",
      "print sum(result)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "285\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 52
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%%timeit\n",
      "sum([i**2 for i in range(N)])"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "100000 loops, best of 3: 7.88 \u00b5s per loop\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 53
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%%timeit\n",
      "sum([i**2 for i in xrange(N)])"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "100000 loops, best of 3: 7.42 \u00b5s per loop\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 54
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%%timeit\n",
      "sum(i**2 for i in xrange(N))"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "1000000 loops, best of 3: 1.63 \u00b5s per loop\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 55
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import numpy as np"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 34
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%%timeit\n",
      "(np.arange(N,dtype=int)**2).sum()"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "100000 loops, best of 3: 3.12 \u00b5s per loop\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 35
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "**Column Order**"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "arr_c = np.ones((1000,1000),order='C')\n",
      "arr_f = np.ones((1000,1000),order='F')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 39
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%timeit arr_c.sum(1)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "1000 loops, best of 3: 625 \u00b5s per loop\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 40
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%timeit arr_f.sum(1)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "1000 loops, best of 3: 611 \u00b5s per loop\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 41
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "arr_f.flags"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 42,
       "text": [
        "  C_CONTIGUOUS : False\n",
        "  F_CONTIGUOUS : True\n",
        "  OWNDATA : True\n",
        "  WRITEABLE : True\n",
        "  ALIGNED : True\n",
        "  UPDATEIFCOPY : False"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 42
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "arr_c.flags"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 43,
       "text": [
        "  C_CONTIGUOUS : True\n",
        "  F_CONTIGUOUS : False\n",
        "  OWNDATA : True\n",
        "  WRITEABLE : True\n",
        "  ALIGNED : True\n",
        "  UPDATEIFCOPY : False"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 43
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%reload_ext version_information\n",
      "\n",
      "%version_information numpy"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "html": [
        "<table><tr><th>Software</th><th>Version</th></tr><tr><td>Python</td><td>2.7.4 (default, Sep 26 2013, 03:20:56) [GCC 4.7.3]</td></tr><tr><td>IPython</td><td>1.1.0</td></tr><tr><td>OS</td><td>posix [linux2]</td></tr><tr><td>numpy</td><td>1.7.1</td></tr><tr><td colspan='2'>So Okt 06 15:27:18 2013 CEST</td></tr></table>"
       ],
       "json": [
        "{ \"Software versions\" : [{ \"module\" : \"Python\", \"version\" : \"2.7.4 (default, Sep 26 2013, 03:20:56) [GCC 4.7.3]\" }, { \"module\" : \"IPython\", \"version\" : \"1.1.0\" }, { \"module\" : \"OS\", \"version\" : \"posix [linux2]\" }, { \"module\" : \"numpy\", \"version\" : \"1.7.1\" } ] }"
       ],
       "latex": [
        "\\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}\\hline\n",
        "{\\bf Software} & {\\bf Version} \\\\ \\hline\\hline\n",
        "Python & 2.7.4 (default, Sep 26 2013, 03:20:56) [GCC 4.7.3] \\\\ \\hline\n",
        "IPython & 1.1.0 \\\\ \\hline\n",
        "OS & posix [linux2] \\\\ \\hline\n",
        "numpy & 1.7.1 \\\\ \\hline\n",
        "\\hline \\multicolumn{2}{|l|}{So Okt 06 15:27:18 2013 CEST} \\\\ \\hline\n",
        "\\end{tabular}\n"
       ],
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 2,
       "text": [
        "Software versions\n",
        "Python 2.7.4 (default, Sep 26 2013, 03:20:56) [GCC 4.7.3]\n",
        "IPython 1.1.0\n",
        "OS posix [linux2]\n",
        "numpy 1.7.1\n",
        "\n",
        "So Okt 06 15:27:18 2013 CEST"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 2
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "from IPython.core.display import HTML\n",
      "def css_styling():\n",
      "    styles = open(\"./styles/custom.css\", \"r\").read()\n",
      "    return HTML(styles)\n",
      "css_styling()"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "html": [
        "<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Fenix' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>\n",
        "<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Alegreya+Sans:100,300,400,500,700,800,900,100italic,300italic,400italic,500italic,700italic,800italic,900italic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>\n",
        "<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Code+Pro:300,400' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>\n",
        "<style>\n",
        "    @font-face {\n",
        "        font-family: \"Computer Modern\";\n",
        "        src: url('http://mirrors.ctan.org/fonts/cm-unicode/fonts/otf/cmunss.otf');\n",
        "    }\n",
        "    div.cell{\n",
        "        width:1000px;\n",
        "        margin-right:auto;\n",
        "    }\n",
        "    h1 {\n",
        "        font-family: 'Alegreya Sans', sans-serif;\n",
        "    }\n",
        "    h2 {\n",
        "        font-family: 'Fenix', serif;\n",
        "    }\n",
        "    h3{\n",
        "\tfont-family: 'Fenix', serif;\n",
        "        margin-top:12px;\n",
        "        margin-bottom: 3px;\n",
        "       }\n",
        "    h4{\n",
        "\tfont-family: 'Fenix', serif;\n",
        "       }\n",
        "    h5 {\n",
        "        font-family: 'Alegreya Sans', sans-serif;\n",
        "    }\t   \n",
        "    div.text_cell_render{\n",
        "        font-family: 'Alegreya Sans',Computer Modern, \"Helvetica Neue\", Arial, Helvetica, Geneva, sans-serif;\n",
        "        line-height: 140%;\n",
        "        font-size: 130%;\n",
        "        width:1000px;\n",
        "        margin-right:auto;\n",
        "    }\n",
        "    .CodeMirror{\n",
        "\tfont-size: 120%;\n",
        "\tfont-family: 'Monaco', sans-serif;\n",
        "    }\n",
        "/*      .prompt{\n",
        "        display: None;\n",
        "    }*/\n",
        "    .text_cell_render h1 {\n",
        "        font-weight: 200;\n",
        "        font-size: 50pt;\n",
        "\t\tline-height: 100%;\n",
        "        color:#CD2305;\n",
        "        margin-bottom: 0.5em;\n",
        "        margin-top: 0.5em;\n",
        "        display: block;\n",
        "    }\t\n",
        "    .text_cell_render h5 {\n",
        "        font-weight: 300;\n",
        "        font-size: 16pt;\n",
        "        color: #CD2305;\n",
        "        font-style: italic;\n",
        "        margin-bottom: .5em;\n",
        "        margin-top: 0.5em;\n",
        "        display: block;\n",
        "    }\n",
        "    \n",
        "    .warning{\n",
        "        color: rgb( 240, 20, 20 )\n",
        "        }  \n",
        "</style>\n",
        "<script>\n",
        "    MathJax.Hub.Config({\n",
        "                        TeX: {\n",
        "                           extensions: [\"AMSmath.js\"]\n",
        "                           },\n",
        "                tex2jax: {\n",
        "                    inlineMath: [ ['$','$'], [\"\\\\(\",\"\\\\)\"] ],\n",
        "                    displayMath: [ ['$$','$$'], [\"\\\\[\",\"\\\\]\"] ]\n",
        "                },\n",
        "                displayAlign: 'center', // Change this to 'center' to center equations.\n",
        "                \"HTML-CSS\": {\n",
        "                    styles: {'.MathJax_Display': {\"margin\": 4}}\n",
        "                }\n",
        "        });\n",
        "</script>\n"
       ],
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 1,
       "text": [
        "<IPython.core.display.HTML at 0x7fe63de20550>"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 1
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": []
    }
   ],
   "metadata": {}
  }
 ]
}