Music Projection Ontology
type: Ontology
imports: core
imports: music-representation
licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
creator: Andrea Poltronieri
creator: Jacopo De Bernardinis
creator: Nicolas Lazzari
description: The Music Projection Ontology allows the formalisation of the musical entities that can be subject of an annotations. This ranges from traditional musical notation (e.g. note, chords) to informal annotations (e.g. mood, danceability).
issued: 26/07/2023
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
modified: 28/07/2023
rights: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
preferred namespace prefix: mp:
preferred namespace uri: https://w3id.org/polifonia/ontology/music-projection/
is defined by: Polifonia Ontology Network
version info: 1.0
type: NamedIndividual
type: Vocabulary

Diatonic step
type: Datatype
comment: A diatonic step is an absolute step with respect to the reference note, i.e. a fifth.
equivalent class: int

has accidental
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is accidental of
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Note
  union of: Specific scale degree
  union of: Spelled pitch class
range: Accidental
comment: Relation between a pitch class and an accidental.

has ambitus type
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: classifies
inverse of: is ambitus type of
domain: Ambitus
range: Ambitus type
comment: The relation between an ambitus and the type it is classified as.

has cadence type
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: classifies
inverse of: is cadence type of
domain: Cadence
range: Cadence type
comment: The relationship between a cadence and a type it is classified as.

has duration
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is duration of
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Note
range: Duration
comment: Relation between a note and its duration.

has mode type
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: classifies
inverse of: is mode type of
domain: Mode
range: Mode type
comment: The relation between a mode and a type it is classified as.

has pitch
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is pitch of
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Note
range: Pitch
comment: Relation between a note and its pitch.

has pitch class
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isRealizedBy
inverse of: is pitch class of
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Pitch
range: Pitch class
comment: The relation between a pitch and the pitch class represented.

has quality
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: classifies
inverse of: is quality of
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Specific interval
range: Interval quality
comment: Relation between an interval and its quality.

has specific interval value
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is specific interval value of
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Interval
range: Specific interval
comment: The value of an interval is the amount of pitch classes it encompasses.

has starting pitch class
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is starting pitch class of
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Interval
range: Pitch class
comment: The reference pitch class of an interval, from which a different pitch class can be obtained by shifting by the adequate number of pitch classes.

is accidental of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Accidental
range: Pitch class
comment: Relation between an accidental and a pitch class.

is ambitus type of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isClassifiedBy
domain: Ambitus type
range: Ambitus
comment: The relationship between an ambitus type and an ambitus it classifies.

is cadence type of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isClassifiedBy
domain: Cadence type
range: Cadence
comment: The relationship between a cadence type and a cadence it classifies.

is composed of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Chord
range: Class
  union of: Pitch
  union of: Pitch class
comment: Defines the relationship between a chord and the pitch class or pitch it is composed of.

is duration of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Duration
range: Note
comment: Relation between a duration and a note it is used in.

is mode type of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isClassifiedBy
domain: Mode type
range: Mode
comment: The relationship between a mode type and a mode it classifies.

is pitch class of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: realizes
domain: Pitch class
range: Pitch
comment: Relation between a pitch class and the pitches it is instiatied as.

is pitch of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Pitch
range: Note
comment: Relation between a pitch and the note it is used in.

is quality of
type: ObjectProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
domain: Interval quality
range: Specific interval
comment: Relation between a quality and an interval.

is specific interval value of
type: ObjectProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
domain: Specific interval
range: Interval
comment: The amount of pitch classes ranged by an interval.

is starting pitch class of
type: ObjectProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
domain: Pitch class
range: Interval
comment: The interval a PC is reference of.

has inversion
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
range: Literal
comment: Relates a chord to its inversion.

has octave
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Pitch
  union of: Pitch class
range: integer
comment: Defines the octave of a PC or of a pitch.

is on staff line
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Clef
range: Literal
comment: Defines the staff line of a clef.

spans over
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
comment: Number of diatonic steps spanned by an enharmonic interval.

Accidental
type: Class
subclass of: MusicProjection
comment: An accidental is a symbol used to indicate that a pitch class should be raised or lowered.

Ambitus
type: Class
subclass of: MusicProjection
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has ambitus type
  all values from: Ambitus type
comment: The range of a melody in Gregorian chant.
is defined by: ambitus. In Latham, A. (Ed.), The Oxford Companion to Music. : Oxford University Press. Retrieved 28 Jul. 2023, from https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199579037.001.0001/acref-9780199579037-e-235.

Ambitus type
type: Class
subclass of: MusicProjection
comment: The type that classifies an ambitus.

Cadence
type: Class
subclass of: MusicProjection
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has cadence type
  all values from: Cadence type
comment: A melodic or harmonic motion conventionally associated with the ending of a phrase, section, movement, or composition.
is defined by: Nagley, J., & Whittall, A. cadence. In The Oxford Companion to Music. : Oxford University Press. Retrieved 28 Jul. 2023, from https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199579037.001.0001/acref-9780199579037-e-1072.

Cadence type
type: Class
subclass of: MusicProjection
comment: The type that classifies a cadence.

Chord
type: Class
subclass of: MusicProjection
comment: A chord is a vertical set of notes played at the same time.

Clef
type: Class
subclass of: MusicProjection
disjoint with: Key
comment: A clef is used to indicate which notes are represented on each line and space of a musical staff.

Duration
type: Class
subclass of: MusicProjection
comment: A duration is the amount of time that a music projection lasts.

Enharmonic interval
type: Class
subclass of: Interval
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: spans over
  all values from: Diatonic step
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: spans over
  max qualified cardinality: 1
  on data range: Diatonic step
comment: An enharmonic interval (EIV) is the difference between two EPCs E.g. 5 semitones
is defined by: Hentschel, J., Moss, F. C., McLeod, A., Neuwirth, M., & Rohrmeier, M. (2022). Towards a unified model of chords in western harmony.
alternative label: EIV

Enharmonic pitch class
type: Class
subclass of: Generic pitch class
disjoint with: Spelled pitch class
comment: An enharmonic pitch class (EPC) is a numeric value from 1 to 12. It represents an absoute value for a pitch class. It is not possible to identify modfiers, becuase of the existance of enharmonic pitches. E.g. 9
is defined by: Hentschel, J., Moss, F. C., McLeod, A., Neuwirth, M., & Rohrmeier, M. (2022). Towards a unified model of chords in western harmony.
alternative label: EPC

Flat accidental
type: Class
subclass of: Accidental
disjoint with: NaturalAccidental
disjoint with: Sharp accidental
comment: A flat accidental is an accidental that lowers a pitch.

Generic interval
type: Class
subclass of: Interval
comment: A generic interval (GIV) is the difference between two GPCs E.g. a 3rd
is defined by: Hentschel, J., Moss, F. C., McLeod, A., Neuwirth, M., & Rohrmeier, M. (2022). Towards a unified model of chords in western harmony.
alternative label: GIV

Generic pitch class
type: Class
subclass of: Pitch class
disjoint with: Generic scale degree
comment: A generic pitch class (GPC) is a symbol from A to G that representes a generically a pitch class, without taking into account modifiers and octaves. E.g. C
is defined by: Hentschel, J., Moss, F. C., McLeod, A., Neuwirth, M., & Rohrmeier, M. (2022). Towards a unified model of chords in western harmony.
alternative label: GPC

Generic scale degree
type: Class
subclass of: Pitch class
comment: A generic scale degree (GSD) is a number from 1 to 7 that defines a one-to-one mapping from a GPC to a SIV. E.g. 3
is defined by: Hentschel, J., Moss, F. C., McLeod, A., Neuwirth, M., & Rohrmeier, M. (2022). Towards a unified model of chords in western harmony.
alternative label: GSD

Interval
type: Class
subclass of: MusicProjection
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specific interval value
  all values from: Specific interval
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has starting pitch class
  all values from: Pitch class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specific interval value
  max qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Specific interval
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has starting pitch class
  max qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Pitch class
type: NamedIndividual
comment: An interval is a difference between two pitch classes.

Interval quality
type: Class
subclass of: MusicProjection
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is quality of
  all values from: Specific interval
comment: The quality of an interval.

Key
type: Class
subclass of: MusicProjection
disjoint with: Mode
disjoint with: Note
disjoint with: Pitch
comment: A key is the combination of a mode and a tonic PC,
is defined by: Hentschel, J., Moss, F. C., McLeod, A., Neuwirth, M., & Rohrmeier, M. (2022). Towards a unified model of chords in western harmony.

Mode
type: Class
subclass of: MusicProjection
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasModalType
  all values from: Mode type
comment: In early medieval theory the word modus was occasionally used to mean ‘interval’—for example by Hucbald of Saint-Amand (c.840–930) and Guido of Arezzo (c.991–after 1033). This meaning survived in Ornithoparcus's Musicae activae micrologus (Leipzig, 1517) and was retained in John Dowland's translation of that work, Of Moodes, or Intervals (London, 1609). It is last found in the writings of J. H. Buttstedt (1666–1727). There [...] other meanings better known today [...] that of ‘scale’ or ‘melody type’ [...]. [...] [It] covers a wide range of definition, from simple scales—arrangements of tones and semitones sometimes without any implication of a ‘tonic’ or main note—to a particular and typical melodic style or collection of motifs, perhaps with a definite ‘tonic’ and other notes in a hierarchy of importance—a meaning often found in discussions of non-European music, where melody types are widely used in non-written musical traditions [...].
is defined by: Hiley, D. mode. In The Oxford Companion to Music. : Oxford University Press. Retrieved 28 Jul. 2023, from https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199579037.001.0001/acref-9780199579037-e-4468.

Mode type
type: Class
subclass of: MusicProjection
comment: The type that classifies a mode.

Note
type: Class
subclass of: MusicProjection
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has accidental
  all values from: Accidental
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has pitch
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Pitch
disjoint with: Pitch
comment: A note is a pitch that is played for a specified duration.

Pitch
type: Class
subclass of: MusicProjection
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has pitch class
  all values from: Pitch class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has pitch class
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Pitch class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has octave
  all values from: Literal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has octave
  max cardinality: 1
type: NamedIndividual
comment: A pitch is a perceptual property of a sound, related to a frequency. It is defined as the combination of a pitch class and an octave.

Pitch class
type: Class
subclass of: MusicProjection
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has octave
  max qualified cardinality: 1
  on data range: integer
type: NamedIndividual
alternative label: PC
comment: The set of alla pitches that are a whole number of octaves apart.

Sharp accidental
type: Class
subclass of: Accidental
comment: A sharp accidental is an accidental that changes a pitch in an higher one.

Specific interval
type: Class
subclass of: Generic interval
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  all values from: Interval quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Interval quality
comment: A specific interval (SIV) is the difference between two SPCs E.g. a majord 3rd
is defined by: Hentschel, J., Moss, F. C., McLeod, A., Neuwirth, M., & Rohrmeier, M. (2022). Towards a unified model of chords in western harmony.
alternative label: SIV

Specific scale degree
type: Class
subclass of: Generic scale degree
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has accidental
  all values from: Accidental
comment: A specific scale degree (SSD) is a number from 1 to 7 plus an accidental that defines a one-to-one mapping from a GPC to a SIV. E.g. b3
is defined by: Hentschel, J., Moss, F. C., McLeod, A., Neuwirth, M., & Rohrmeier, M. (2022). Towards a unified model of chords in western harmony.
alternative label: SSD

Spelled pitch class
type: Class
subclass of: Generic pitch class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has accidental
  all values from: Accidental
comment: A spelled pitch class (SPC) is a GPC plus an accidental. E.g. C#
is defined by: Hentschel, J., Moss, F. C., McLeod, A., Neuwirth, M., & Rohrmeier, M. (2022). Towards a unified model of chords in western harmony.
alternative label: SPC

A
type: NamedIndividual
type: Generic pitch class

Aeolian mode
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mode type

Augmented interval
type: NamedIndividual
type: Interval quality
comment: An augmented interval can further qualify each major interval and fourths and fifths as well.

B
type: NamedIndividual
type: Generic pitch class
label: Si @it

Breve
type: NamedIndividual
type: Duration
comment: Double whole note.

C
type: NamedIndividual
type: Generic pitch class

D
type: NamedIndividual
type: Generic pitch class

Diminished interval
type: NamedIndividual
type: Interval quality
comment: A diminished interval can further qualify each major interval and fourths and fifths as well.

Dorian mode
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mode type

Double flat
type: NamedIndividual
type: Flat accidental
comment: Two flats.

Double sharp
type: NamedIndividual
type: Sharp accidental
comment: Two sharps.

E
type: NamedIndividual
type: Generic pitch class

Eighth
type: NamedIndividual
type: Duration
comment: Eighth note.

F
type: NamedIndividual
type: Generic pitch class

Flat
type: NamedIndividual
type: Flat accidental
comment: One flat.

G
type: NamedIndividual
type: Generic pitch class

French violin clef
type: NamedIndividual
type: Clef
is on staff line: 2
comment: G clef, also known as a treble clef or a french violin clef. It is placed on the second line of a staff.
label: G clef
label: Treble clef

Half
type: NamedIndividual
type: Duration
comment: Half note.

Ionian mode
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mode type

Long
type: NamedIndividual
type: Duration
comment: Quadruple whole note.

Lydian mode
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mode type

Major interval
type: NamedIndividual
type: Interval quality
comment: A major interval can further qualify a second, third, sixts or sevenths.

Minor interval
type: NamedIndividual
type: Interval quality
comment: A minor interval can further qualify a second, third, sixts or sevenths.

Mixolydian mode
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mode type

Natural
type: NamedIndividual
type: NaturalAccidental
comment: A natural accidental is an accidental that cancels previous accidentals.

Perfect interval
type: NamedIndividual
comment: A perfect interval qualifies a unisons, octaves, fourths and fifths.

Phrygian mode
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mode type

Quarter
type: NamedIndividual
type: Duration
comment: Quarter note.

Sharp
type: NamedIndividual
type: Sharp accidental
comment: One sharp.

Sixteenth
type: NamedIndividual
type: Duration
comment: Sixteenth note.

Triple flat
type: NamedIndividual
type: Flat accidental
comment: Three flats.

Triple sharp
type: NamedIndividual
type: Sharp accidental
comment: Three sharps.

Whole
type: NamedIndividual
type: Duration
comment: Whole note.

1024th
type: NamedIndividual
type: Duration
comment: 1024th note.

128th
type: NamedIndividual
type: Duration
comment: 128th note.

2048th
type: NamedIndividual
type: Duration
comment: 2048th note.

256th
type: NamedIndividual
type: Duration
comment: 256th note.

32th
type: NamedIndividual
type: Duration
comment: 32th note.

512th
type: NamedIndividual
type: Duration
comment: 512th note.

64th
type: NamedIndividual
type: Duration
comment: 64th note.