UNSUPPORTED SUPPORT FOR TANDY 2000 SERIES KEYBOARDS ON THE TANDY 16B/6000
  	    Z80 Control System  Version 3(121) and later
		     18-Oct-87	710185

The instructions and files enclosed in this area allow owners of
Tandy Model 16A, 16B and Tandy 6000 systems to use the keyboard that is
made for the Tandy 2000/1000 family as the console keyboard.  

On most systems, word processors and other applications are typically
difficult to use because of the limited functionality of the standard
16B/6000 keyboard.  These changes will allow you to use the console
to its full potential.  It will become a workstation people will
want to use.


THE DISCLAIMER

At this time, these modifications ARE NOT officially supported or
approved by Tandy Corporation or Radio Shack.   The contents of
this tar file are provided "as is", without any warranty of any
kind.  It is entirely the responsibility of the user to determine
whether these files should be used with the users' system.   The user
shall make any adjustments or corrections necessary to use these materials.
By providing these materials, it should be understood that there is
no commitment of any kind to provide these materials in a supported form
in the future.

When reporting problems with your system or obtaining service, make sure
the problem persists when running with the standard release of the
operating system and the standard keyboard.  Problems that occur when
using the items in this tar archive may not be responded to and may not
be corrected. 

The modifications have been heavily used on the systems used by the
XENIX System Programmers and other systems with few problems.  (Some
application software does not like the code sequences generated by the
arrow keys.)  Since no hardware modifications need to be made to the existing
keyboard or computer,  you can easily switch to the stock 3.2.0 operating
system if you suspect a problem, or when taking your system in for service.


HOW IT WORKS

Both the original 16B/6000 and the 2000 keyboard use a serial transmission
method, where the data is sent to the computer via a data and clock signal.
The 16B/6000 keyboard produces 8 bit ASCII characters, and sets the
high bit on some characters to increase the number of codes.
The 2000 keyboard produces 8 bit scan codes, generating one code when the
key is pressed and one when it is released.  Most keys also repeat
the "press" scan code if they are held down long enough.  It is up to
software to translate the scan code into a character, and to keep track
of the SHIFT, CTRL and ALT keys, changing the generated character accordingly.

Because the electrical interfaces are almost identical, the only thing
that prevents the 2000 keyboard from being used is the extra software that
is required to generate ASCII from the scan codes.

Starting with z80ctl 3(122), which is included in this area, the software 
necessary to operate both the 16A/16B/6000 and the 2000 keyboards is
included. 


To make XENIX easier to use with the new keyboard and keep compatibility
with the old keyboards is a complicated task.  


MAKING IT ALL WORK REQUIRES SOME HELP

When you reach the Xenix Boot> prompt, a decision is made as to what type
of keyboard you have.  At this point, the first key pressed is of a
small group, and the system uses this to determine
what type of keyboard you have.  If you press some other key as the
first key, the system may ignore that key or select the wrong
keyboard type.  This is because some scan codes look exactly like normal
ASCII characters, and the boot track can make a mistake and select
the wrong keyboard type. If this happens, press RESET and try again, this
time avoiding pressing one of the "collision" keys.
The keys that the system "expects" as the first key struck are:
    d  h  x  z  <ENTER> <BACKSPACE> <F1> <F2> <CTRL><D> <?> <ESCAPE>

If you have autobooting enabled, then it is possible that no key will be
pressed when the system reboots.  When this happens, the boot code first
looks to see if z80ctl left the keyboard type in memory from the last time
it was running.  (This is always true after a shutdown, and usually
true after a crash.)  If there has been a power failure or some other
program has been run (like diskutil), this information may not
be present.  In that case, the boot track selects the default keyboard
type by looking on the hard disk.  This value is set to Model 16B/6000
by default, and can be changed using Patch to select the 2000 keyboard.
(Information on the one byte patch is provided below.)


CONVERTING YOUR SYSTEM

There are three major steps below.  You will need to obtain the keyboard,
perform one of the two modifications listed, and install the software.

Obtaining the 2000 keyboard

	The first step is to obtain either a 1000 or 2000 keyboard.
	If you have a 2000 or 1000 system, you may want to get a new
	keyboard anyway as the modifications you may have to make
	may prevent it from working with the 2000 or 1000 computer
	without removing them.

	The part number for the 2000 keyboard is:
	AXX-0225	KEYBOARD, M2000 W/CASE&CBL	$183.93/EA

	However, this part has recently been placed on the "No Longer
	Available" list, and may not be obtainable.  It may be
	possible to obtain the equivalent by ordering the individual
	parts as follows:
	AXX-0220	90 KEY KEYBOARD			$100.77/EA
	AW-3203		KBD CABLE (2000)		$7.80/EA
	AZ-7114		KEYLID BOTTOM			$8.67/EA
	AZ-7121		KEYLID TOP (BEZEL)		$4.52/EA
	AHD-2773	SCREW 6x7/16 PPH (8 required)	$1.00/EA


	If you are unable to obtain all of these parts, then you
	can obtain a 1000 keyboard and either replace the connector
	or the entire cable with the cable used on the 2000 keyboard.
	Here is the 1000 keyboard part number:
	AXX-0235	KEYBOARD ASSY, MOD 1000	CMPLTE	$117.53/EA

	You may now either replace the connector with a DIN-5
	Cat. No. 274-003 $1.59/EA, or you can replace the entire cable
	and connector by ordering the 2000 keyboard cable:
	AW-3203		KBD CABLE (2000)		$7.80/EA

	All the prices are subject to change and availability, so
	contact your local store or National Parts for more information.

	Once you have obtained the equivalent of a 2000 keyboard and
	cable, follow the instructions below.  Be sure to use the
	instructions that are meant for the type of machine you own.


Instructions for connecting the 2000 keyboard to a Model 16A.

	If you have a Model 16A (identified by having the keyboard
	cable plug into a plug built into the keyboard), then
	no modification to the keyboard is required at all.  You
	must construct a gender-converting cable.  This can be
	built using a piece of five conductor wire and two
	female DIN-5 connectors.   The connectors are available
	from Radio Shack, Cat No. 274-006, and were $1.59 ea. in the
	1987 catalog.

	When wiring the cable, simply connect pin 1 to pin 1, 2 to 2, etc.
	The pins are marked, but are sometimes hard to see except
	under a strong light.  After you complete the assembly, you
	should use an ohmmeter to confirm there are no shorts and that
	the wiring is correct.

	Now skip down to the software installation instructions.


Instructions for modifying the 2000 keyboard for the 16B and 6000.

1.	Place the 2000 keyboard on a cloth with the keys facing downwards.
	Lower the tilt-feet if they are raised.  Then place a piece of
	scotch tape across each leg and the back to prevent it from moving.

2.	Remove the nine screws on the bottom.  Now, hold the keyboard with
	two hands and turn it over, making sure none of the screws are lost.
	Once this is done, gently lift the top half of the cover and set
	it aside.  If the tilt-feet assemblies slip out of position, push
	them back into place now.

3.	Locate the AMP connector on the keyboard where the coiled cable
	connects to the keyboard PCB.  Unplug this connector.  On some
	units a glob of glue was used to keep the connector from slipping
	off.  This must be removed before the connector can be
	disconnected.

4.	Hold the plug and write down the color of the wires and which
	position they have in the connector.  A typical arrangement is:

		+------------------+  <---plug end away from you
		! 1  x  3  4  5  6 !
		!                  !
		! !  !  !  !  !  ! !  <---side with slits facing up
		! !  !  !  !  !  ! !
		! ^  !  ^  ^  ^  ^ !  <---locking hook (in slit)
		!                  !
		+------------------+
		  B  N  G  Y  R  B	NOTE:  SOME CONNECTORS WERE
		  l  o  r  e  e  a	       ASSEMBLED UPSIDE-DOWN AND
		  a     e  l  d  r	       ARE PLUGGED IN UPSIDE-DOWN.
		  c  W  e  l     e	       IF YOUR WIRING IS EXACTLY 
		  k  i  n  o  		       BACKWARDS OF THE DRAWING,
		     r     w		       MAKE SURE YOUR CONVERTED
		     e			       HOOKUP IS ALSO BACKWARDS.


5.	By using the tip of a fine screwdriver or an X-acto knife, you
	can remove the pins from the connector shell by pressing down
	on the locking hook on each contact.  These can be accessed
	through the slits as shown in the illustration above.  By pressing
	down (with mild force) on the metal at the end of the 
	slit, the wire (and the pin) for that pin can be pulled out 
	of the connector shell.  It may require a third hand for this
	step;  one to hold the connector, one to push the pin and one
	to pull on the wire.


6.	You will reposition the wires and re-insert them into the connector.
	If your wires had the same colors as the example, your re-worked
	connector should look like this:

		+------------------+  <---plug end away from you
		! 1  x  3  4  5  6 !
		!                  !
		! !  !  !  !  !  ! !  <---side with slits facing up
		! !  !  !  !  !  ! !
		! ^  !  ^  ^  ^  ^ !  <---locking hook (in slit)
		!                  !
		+------------------+
		  B  N  Y  B  G  R
		  l  o  e  a  r  e
		  a     l  r  e  d
		  c  W  l  e  e
		  k  i  o     n
		     r  w
		     e

	When re-inserting the pins into the connector shell, make sure
	the locking hook is facing towards the slit.  Once inserted,
	the pin should lock in place and a gentle tug should not dislodge
	it.  If the pin will not stay in the connector, then spread
	the halves of the pin apart slightly and re-insert it.

	It is highly important to get the re-wiring correct.  +5 and Ground
	are present in the cable and if +5 is shorted to ground, a
	fuse inside the 16B/6000 will blow, requiring disassembly of
	the 16B/6000 computer to fix.

	If your wires do not match the above color code, it is
	suggested that you write the names of the colors listed in the first
	illustration on pieces of tape and attach those names to the
	wires as shown in the illustration, IGNORING the actual colors
	of the wires.  Then re-wire the connector based on the labels.
	Leave the labels on after finishing your work so that you can
	undo your work if you ever want to use the keyboard on a 2000
	or 1000 system in the future.

7.	Re-assemble the keyboard by placing the top half over the keyboard.
	Then turn the keyboard upside down, and re-insert the screws.
	Make sure the tilt-legs are still lined up properly.


Installing the software

	Before hooking up your modified keyboard, you need to install
	the software to utilize it.  The enclosed install script will
	install the files and make the necessary changes to /etc/termcap.

	Once you have shut XENIX down, leave the computer turned on
	and plug in the 2000 keyboard.  Immediately press the CAPS
	key.  If the light does not come on instantly, turn the computer
	off at once or unplug the keyboard.  Failure of the light to
	illuminate indicates one of the modifications is incorrect.



	Plug your old keyboard back in and turn the computer back
	on.  Press the CAPS key and confirm that the light comes on.
	If it does not, then you have blown the keyboard fuse inside
	the 16B/6000 and it must be replaced before any console
	keyboard will function.  The computer must be disassembled
	to reach the inline fuse holder, located near the keyboard
	plug.

	If the CAPS light did operate on the 2000 keyboard, press RESET
	and at the Xenix Boot> prompt, press <ENTER>.  The word 'xenix'
	should appear.  When XENIX starts running, an asterisk should
	appear in the top right corner of the screen.  This indicates
	that the system thinks you have a 2000 keyboard.

	If you did not allow the script to change the /etc/ttytype file,
	you should do that now manually so it reflect the keyboard you
	plan to use.


Additional information

	At this time, diskutil does not know about the 2000 keyboard.
	Your existing 16/6000 keyboard must be used when using diskutil.
	This should not be a serious problem, since floppies and
	disk cartridges can be formatted while running XENIX.
	You can switch back and forth between keys while at the
	Xenix Boot> prompt as long as you press RESET after connecting
	the keyboard you are about to use.

	In the case of unattended power failures, some systems are
	configured to autoboot.  In this case, there will be no information
	in RAM on what keyboard is present.  In this event, the boot track
	examines a location on the disk.  You can use the patch utility to
	indicate what type of keyboard to use when the boot track is unsure.
	The byte in /dev/hdbt0 at offset 0x10 controls what keyboard
	will be used.  A zero indicates the 16B/6000 keyboard should
	be assumed.  A 0x01 indicates the 2000 keyboard should be assumed.

	The files in this directory may be used by any system that is
	using XENIX 3.2.0.  Earlier versions will not boot successfully.
	The development system is not a requirement for using these
	files.

	Although there are several international versions of the 1000 and
	2000 keyboards, they are not supported by this software and
	may not function.  This software is intended for use with the
	90-key (USA) keyboard.

	Because the 16/6000 hardware does not reset the keyboard microprocessor
	when RESET is pressed, the status of the CAPS and NUM LOCK keys
	will be unknown to XENIX when it boots.  XENIX always assumes
	that CAPS LOCK and NUM LOCK are NOT lit when XENIX boots.
	If that is not the case, you will have to press the CAPS or NUM LOCK
	key once to get XENIX in sync with the keyboard.



Keyboard Codes

	The following is a table of the codes produced when keys are
	pressed using the 2000/1000-style keyboard under XENIX.
	The majority of the codes are generally what would be
	received in a MS-DOS environment and should make the conversion
	of software easier.  On "Extended" character codes, a 0xff is
	prefixed to the code.  (In MS-DOS systems, the prefix byte was 0x00.)

	The table is shown assuming NUM LOCK is ON and CAPS LOCK is OFF.

Key   	      Unshifted        Shifted          Ctrl            Alt

<Escape>	0x1b (^[)	0x1b (^[)	0x1b (^[)	0xff8b
<1>		0x31 (1)	0x21 (!)	0x7c (|)	0xff78
<2>		0x32 (2)	0x40 (@)	0x00		0xff79
<3>		0x33 (3)	0x23 (#)	0x1d		0xff7a
<4>		0x34 (4)	0x24 ($)	0x1e		0xff7b

<5>		0x35 (5)	0x25 (%)	0x1f		0xff7c
<6>		0x36 (6)	0x5e (^)	0x7e (~)	0xff7d
<7>		0x37 (7)	0x26 (&)	0x1c		0xff7e
<8>		0x38 (8)	0x2a (*)	----		0xff7f
<9>		0x39 (9)	0x28 (()	0x5c (\)	0xff80

<0>		0x30 (0)	0x29 ())	0x7c (|)	0xff81
<->		0x2d (-)	0x5f (_)	0x1f		0xff82
<=>		0x3d (=)	0x2b (+)	----		0xff83
<Backspace>	0x08		0x08		0x7f (delete)	0xff8c
<Tab>		0x09		0xff0f		0xff8d		0xff8e

<Q> **		0x71 (q)	0x51 (Q)	0x11		0xff10
<W> **		0x77 (w)	0x57 (W)	0x17		0xff11
<E> **		0x65 (e)	0x45 (E)	0x05		0xff12
<R> **		0x72 (r)	0x52 (R)	0x12		0xff13
<T> **		0x74 (t)	0x54 (T)	0x14		0xff14

<Y> **		0x79 (y)	0x59 (Y)	0x19		0xff15
<U> **		0x75 (u)	0x55 (U)	0x15		0xff16
<I> **		0x69 (i)	0x49 (I)	0x09		0xff17
<O> **		0x6f (o)	0x4f (O)	0x0f		0xff18
<P> **		0x70 (p)	0x50 (P)	0x10		0xff19

<[>		0x5b ([)	0x7b ({)	0x1b		----
<]>		0x5d (])	0x7d (})	0x1d		----
<Enter>		0x0d		0x0d		0x0a		0xff8f
<A> **		0x61 (a)	0x41 (A)	0x01		0xff1e
<S> **		0x73 (s)	0x53 (S)	0x13		0xff1f

<D> **		0x64 (d)	0x44 (D)	0x04		0xff20
<F> **		0x66 (f)	0x46 (F)	0x06		0xff21
<G> **		0x67 (g)	0x47 (G)	0x07		0xff22
<H> **		0x68 (h)	0x48 (H)	0x08		0xff23
<J> **		0x6a (j) 	0x4a (J)	0x0a		0xff24


<K> **		0x6b (k)	0x4b (K)	0x0b		0xff25
<L> **		0x6c (l)	0x4c (L)	0x0c		0xff26
<;>		0x3b (;)	0x3a (:)	0x7e (~)	----
<'>		0x27 (')	0x22 (")	0x60 (`)		----
<Up Arrow>	0xff48		0xff85		0x1e		0xff91

<Left Arrow>	0xff4b		0xff87		0xff73		0xff92
<Z> **		0x7a (z)	0x5a (Z)	0x1a		0xff2c
<X> **		0x78 (x)	0x58 (X)	0x18		0xff2d
<C> **		0x63 (c)	0x43 (C)	0x03		0xff2e
<V> **		0x76 (v)	0x56 (V)	0x16		0xff2f

<B> **		0x62 (b)	0x42 (B)	0x02		0xff30
<N> **		0x6e (n)	0x4e (N)	0x0e		0xff31
<M> **		0x6d (m)	0x4d (M)	0x0d		0xff32
<,>		0x2c (,)	0x3c (<)	----		----
<.>		0x2e (.)	0x3e (>)  	---- ++		----

</>		0x2f (/)	0x3f (?)	0x5c (\)	----
<Print>		----		----		0xff72		0xff46
<Space>		0x20 ( )	0x20 ( )	0x20 ( )	0xff20
<F1>		0xff3b		0xff54		0xff5e		0xff68
<F2>		0xff3c		0xff55		0xff5f		0xff69

<F3>		0xff3d		0xff56		0xff60		0xff6a
<F4>		0xff3e		0xff57		0xff61		0xff6b
<F5>		0xff3f		0xff58		0xff62		0xff6c
<F6>		0xff40		0xff59		0xff63		0xff6d
<F7>		0xff41		0xff5a		0xff64		0xff6e

<F8>		0xff42		0xff5b		0xff65		0xff6f
<F9>		0xff43		0xff5c		0xff66		0xff70
<F10>		0xff44		0xff5d		0xff67		0xff71
<Hold>		Alternately generates a 0x13 (^S) and 0x11 (^Q)
{7} +		0x37 (7)	0x5c (\)	0xff93		*

{8} +		0x38 (8)	0x7e (~)	0xff94		*
{9} +		0x39 (9)	0xff49		0xff84		*
<Down Arrow>	0xff50		0xff86		0xff96		0xff97
{4} +		0x34 (4)	0x7c (|)	0xff95		*
{5} +		0x35 (5)	0x35 (5)	----

{6} +		0x36 (6)	0x36 (6)	----		*
<Right Arrow>	0xff4d		0xff88		0xff7f		----
{1} +		0x31 (1)	0xff4f		0xff75		*
{2} +		0x32 (2)	0x60 (`)	0xff9a		*
{3} +		0x33 (3)	0xff51		0xff76		*



{0} +		0x30 (0)	0xff9b		0xff9c		*
<Delete>	0x2d (-)	0xff53		0xff9d		0xff9e
<Break>		0x03		0x03		0x03		0xff03
<Insert>	0x2b (+)	0xff52		0xff9f		0xffa0
{.}		0x2e (.)	0xffa1		0xffa4		0xffa5

{Enter}		0x0d		0x0d		0x0a		0xff8f
<Home>		0xff47		0xff4a		0xff77		0xffa6
<F11>		0xff98		0xffa2		0xffac		0xffb6
<F12>		0xff99		0xffa3		0xffad		0xffb7
	
	----	No code is produced for this keystroke sequence

	*	While the ALT key is held down, any keys that are
		pressed on the numeric keypad are saved.  When the ALT
		key is released, the resulting decimal number is converted
		to binary and passed to XENIX as a single 8 bit character.
		If more than three keys are pressed, only the last three
		are used.  The most significant digit is entered first. If
		a number larger than 255 is entered, it will be output
		as modulo-256.  To produce multiple characters, the ALT
		key must be released, then pressed and a new sequence can
		be entered.
	
	**	When CAPS LOCK is on, the codes listed in the Shifted
		column will be produced even when unshifted.

	+	When NUM LOCK is OFF, the codes listed in the
		Unshifted and Shifted columns are exchanged.

	++	This keystroke toggles the screen saver on and off.
		XENIX will not see a character when this key is pressed.
		When the screen saver is enabled, the screen will go
		dark at once as a confirmation.  The next key pressed
		(ANY key including SHIFT and CTRL) will turn the display
		back on.