/* Dictionary object implementation using a hash table */ /* The distribution includes a separate file, Objects/dictnotes.txt, describing explorations into dictionary design and optimization. It covers typical dictionary use patterns, the parameters for tuning dictionaries, and several ideas for possible optimizations. */ /* PyDictKeysObject This implements the dictionary's hashtable. As of Python 3.6, this is compact and ordered. Basic idea is described here: * https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2012-December/123028.html * https://morepypy.blogspot.com/2015/01/faster-more-memory-efficient-and-more.html layout: +---------------+ | dk_refcnt | | dk_size | | dk_lookup | | dk_usable | | dk_nentries | +---------------+ | dk_indices | | | +---------------+ | dk_entries | | | +---------------+ dk_indices is actual hashtable. It holds index in entries, or DKIX_EMPTY(-1) or DKIX_DUMMY(-2). Size of indices is dk_size. Type of each index in indices is vary on dk_size: * int8 for dk_size <= 128 * int16 for 256 <= dk_size <= 2**15 * int32 for 2**16 <= dk_size <= 2**31 * int64 for 2**32 <= dk_size dk_entries is array of PyDictKeyEntry. Its size is USABLE_FRACTION(dk_size). DK_ENTRIES(dk) can be used to get pointer to entries. NOTE: Since negative value is used for DKIX_EMPTY and DKIX_DUMMY, type of dk_indices entry is signed integer and int16 is used for table which dk_size == 256. */ /* The DictObject can be in one of two forms. Either: A combined table: ma_values == NULL, dk_refcnt == 1. Values are stored in the me_value field of the PyDictKeysObject. Or: A split table: ma_values != NULL, dk_refcnt >= 1 Values are stored in the ma_values array. Only string (unicode) keys are allowed. All dicts sharing same key must have same insertion order. There are four kinds of slots in the table (slot is index, and DK_ENTRIES(keys)[index] if index >= 0): 1. Unused. index == DKIX_EMPTY Does not hold an active (key, value) pair now and never did. Unused can transition to Active upon key insertion. This is each slot's initial state. 2. Active. index >= 0, me_key != NULL and me_value != NULL Holds an active (key, value) pair. Active can transition to Dummy or Pending upon key deletion (for combined and split tables respectively). This is the only case in which me_value != NULL. 3. Dummy. index == DKIX_DUMMY (combined only) Previously held an active (key, value) pair, but that was deleted and an active pair has not yet overwritten the slot. Dummy can transition to Active upon key insertion. Dummy slots cannot be made Unused again else the probe sequence in case of collision would have no way to know they were once active. 4. Pending. index >= 0, key != NULL, and value == NULL (split only) Not yet inserted in split-table. */ /* Preserving insertion order It's simple for combined table. Since dk_entries is mostly append only, we can get insertion order by just iterating dk_entries. One exception is .popitem(). It removes last item in dk_entries and decrement dk_nentries to achieve amortized O(1). Since there are DKIX_DUMMY remains in dk_indices, we can't increment dk_usable even though dk_nentries is decremented. In split table, inserting into pending entry is allowed only for dk_entries[ix] where ix == mp->ma_used. Inserting into other index and deleting item cause converting the dict to the combined table. */ /* PyDict_MINSIZE is the starting size for any new dict. * 8 allows dicts with no more than 5 active entries; experiments suggested * this suffices for the majority of dicts (consisting mostly of usually-small * dicts created to pass keyword arguments). * Making this 8, rather than 4 reduces the number of resizes for most * dictionaries, without any significant extra memory use. */ #define PyDict_MINSIZE 8 #include "Python.h" #include "internal/pystate.h" #include "dict-common.h" #include "stringlib/eq.h" /* to get unicode_eq() */ /*[clinic input] class dict "PyDictObject *" "&PyDict_Type" [clinic start generated code]*/ /*[clinic end generated code: output=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d input=f157a5a0ce9589d6]*/ /* To ensure the lookup algorithm terminates, there must be at least one Unused slot (NULL key) in the table. To avoid slowing down lookups on a near-full table, we resize the table when it's USABLE_FRACTION (currently two-thirds) full. */ #define PERTURB_SHIFT 5 /* Major subtleties ahead: Most hash schemes depend on having a "good" hash function, in the sense of simulating randomness. Python doesn't: its most important hash functions (for ints) are very regular in common cases: >>>[hash(i) for i in range(4)] [0, 1, 2, 3] This isn't necessarily bad! To the contrary, in a table of size 2**i, taking the low-order i bits as the initial table index is extremely fast, and there are no collisions at all for dicts indexed by a contiguous range of ints. So this gives better-than-random behavior in common cases, and that's very desirable. OTOH, when collisions occur, the tendency to fill contiguous slices of the hash table makes a good collision resolution strategy crucial. Taking only the last i bits of the hash code is also vulnerable: for example, consider the list [i << 16 for i in range(20000)] as a set of keys. Since ints are their own hash codes, and this fits in a dict of size 2**15, the last 15 bits of every hash code are all 0: they *all* map to the same table index. But catering to unusual cases should not slow the usual ones, so we just take the last i bits anyway. It's up to collision resolution to do the rest. If we *usually* find the key we're looking for on the first try (and, it turns out, we usually do -- the table load factor is kept under 2/3, so the odds are solidly in our favor), then it makes best sense to keep the initial index computation dirt cheap. The first half of collision resolution is to visit table indices via this recurrence: j = ((5*j) + 1) mod 2**i For any initial j in range(2**i), repeating that 2**i times generates each int in range(2**i) exactly once (see any text on random-number generation for proof). By itself, this doesn't help much: like linear probing (setting j += 1, or j -= 1, on each loop trip), it scans the table entries in a fixed order. This would be bad, except that's not the only thing we do, and it's actually *good* in the common cases where hash keys are consecutive. In an example that's really too small to make this entirely clear, for a table of size 2**3 the order of indices is: 0 -> 1 -> 6 -> 7 -> 4 -> 5 -> 2 -> 3 -> 0 [and here it's repeating] If two things come in at index 5, the first place we look after is index 2, not 6, so if another comes in at index 6 the collision at 5 didn't hurt it. Linear probing is deadly in this case because there the fixed probe order is the *same* as the order consecutive keys are likely to arrive. But it's extremely unlikely hash codes will follow a 5*j+1 recurrence by accident, and certain that consecutive hash codes do not. The other half of the strategy is to get the other bits of the hash code into play. This is done by initializing a (unsigned) vrbl "perturb" to the full hash code, and changing the recurrence to: perturb >>= PERTURB_SHIFT; j = (5*j) + 1 + perturb; use j % 2**i as the next table index; Now the probe sequence depends (eventually) on every bit in the hash code, and the pseudo-scrambling property of recurring on 5*j+1 is more valuable, because it quickly magnifies small differences in the bits that didn't affect the initial index. Note that because perturb is unsigned, if the recurrence is executed often enough perturb eventually becomes and remains 0. At that point (very rarely reached) the recurrence is on (just) 5*j+1 again, and that's certain to find an empty slot eventually (since it generates every int in range(2**i), and we make sure there's always at least one empty slot). Selecting a good value for PERTURB_SHIFT is a balancing act. You want it small so that the high bits of the hash code continue to affect the probe sequence across iterations; but you want it large so that in really bad cases the high-order hash bits have an effect on early iterations. 5 was "the best" in minimizing total collisions across experiments Tim Peters ran (on both normal and pathological cases), but 4 and 6 weren't significantly worse. Historical: Reimer Behrends contributed the idea of using a polynomial-based approach, using repeated multiplication by x in GF(2**n) where an irreducible polynomial for each table size was chosen such that x was a primitive root. Christian Tismer later extended that to use division by x instead, as an efficient way to get the high bits of the hash code into play. This scheme also gave excellent collision statistics, but was more expensive: two if-tests were required inside the loop; computing "the next" index took about the same number of operations but without as much potential parallelism (e.g., computing 5*j can go on at the same time as computing 1+perturb in the above, and then shifting perturb can be done while the table index is being masked); and the PyDictObject struct required a member to hold the table's polynomial. In Tim's experiments the current scheme ran faster, produced equally good collision statistics, needed less code & used less memory. */ /* forward declarations */ static Py_ssize_t lookdict(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash, PyObject **value_addr); static Py_ssize_t lookdict_unicode(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash, PyObject **value_addr); static Py_ssize_t lookdict_unicode_nodummy(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash, PyObject **value_addr); static Py_ssize_t lookdict_split(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash, PyObject **value_addr); static int dictresize(PyDictObject *mp, Py_ssize_t minused); static PyObject* dict_iter(PyDictObject *dict); /*Global counter used to set ma_version_tag field of dictionary. * It is incremented each time that a dictionary is created and each * time that a dictionary is modified. */ static uint64_t pydict_global_version = 0; #define DICT_NEXT_VERSION() (++pydict_global_version) /* Dictionary reuse scheme to save calls to malloc and free */ #ifndef PyDict_MAXFREELIST #define PyDict_MAXFREELIST 80 #endif static PyDictObject *free_list[PyDict_MAXFREELIST]; static int numfree = 0; static PyDictKeysObject *keys_free_list[PyDict_MAXFREELIST]; static int numfreekeys = 0; #include "clinic/dictobject.c.h" int PyDict_ClearFreeList(void) { PyDictObject *op; int ret = numfree + numfreekeys; while (numfree) { op = free_list[--numfree]; assert(PyDict_CheckExact(op)); PyObject_GC_Del(op); } while (numfreekeys) { PyObject_FREE(keys_free_list[--numfreekeys]); } return ret; } /* Print summary info about the state of the optimized allocator */ void _PyDict_DebugMallocStats(FILE *out) { _PyDebugAllocatorStats(out, "free PyDictObject", numfree, sizeof(PyDictObject)); } void PyDict_Fini(void) { PyDict_ClearFreeList(); } #define DK_SIZE(dk) ((dk)->dk_size) #if SIZEOF_VOID_P > 4 #define DK_IXSIZE(dk) \ (DK_SIZE(dk) <= 0xff ? \ 1 : DK_SIZE(dk) <= 0xffff ? \ 2 : DK_SIZE(dk) <= 0xffffffff ? \ 4 : sizeof(int64_t)) #else #define DK_IXSIZE(dk) \ (DK_SIZE(dk) <= 0xff ? \ 1 : DK_SIZE(dk) <= 0xffff ? \ 2 : sizeof(int32_t)) #endif #define DK_ENTRIES(dk) \ ((PyDictKeyEntry*)(&((int8_t*)((dk)->dk_indices))[DK_SIZE(dk) * DK_IXSIZE(dk)])) #define DK_DEBUG_INCREF _Py_INC_REFTOTAL _Py_REF_DEBUG_COMMA #define DK_DEBUG_DECREF _Py_DEC_REFTOTAL _Py_REF_DEBUG_COMMA #define DK_INCREF(dk) (DK_DEBUG_INCREF ++(dk)->dk_refcnt) #define DK_DECREF(dk) if (DK_DEBUG_DECREF (--(dk)->dk_refcnt) == 0) free_keys_object(dk) #define DK_MASK(dk) (((dk)->dk_size)-1) #define IS_POWER_OF_2(x) (((x) & (x-1)) == 0) /* lookup indices. returns DKIX_EMPTY, DKIX_DUMMY, or ix >=0 */ static inline Py_ssize_t dk_get_index(PyDictKeysObject *keys, Py_ssize_t i) { Py_ssize_t s = DK_SIZE(keys); Py_ssize_t ix; if (s <= 0xff) { int8_t *indices = (int8_t*)(keys->dk_indices); ix = indices[i]; } else if (s <= 0xffff) { int16_t *indices = (int16_t*)(keys->dk_indices); ix = indices[i]; } #if SIZEOF_VOID_P > 4 else if (s > 0xffffffff) { int64_t *indices = (int64_t*)(keys->dk_indices); ix = indices[i]; } #endif else { int32_t *indices = (int32_t*)(keys->dk_indices); ix = indices[i]; } assert(ix >= DKIX_DUMMY); return ix; } /* write to indices. */ static inline void dk_set_index(PyDictKeysObject *keys, Py_ssize_t i, Py_ssize_t ix) { Py_ssize_t s = DK_SIZE(keys); assert(ix >= DKIX_DUMMY); if (s <= 0xff) { int8_t *indices = (int8_t*)(keys->dk_indices); assert(ix <= 0x7f); indices[i] = (char)ix; } else if (s <= 0xffff) { int16_t *indices = (int16_t*)(keys->dk_indices); assert(ix <= 0x7fff); indices[i] = (int16_t)ix; } #if SIZEOF_VOID_P > 4 else if (s > 0xffffffff) { int64_t *indices = (int64_t*)(keys->dk_indices); indices[i] = ix; } #endif else { int32_t *indices = (int32_t*)(keys->dk_indices); assert(ix <= 0x7fffffff); indices[i] = (int32_t)ix; } } /* USABLE_FRACTION is the maximum dictionary load. * Increasing this ratio makes dictionaries more dense resulting in more * collisions. Decreasing it improves sparseness at the expense of spreading * indices over more cache lines and at the cost of total memory consumed. * * USABLE_FRACTION must obey the following: * (0 < USABLE_FRACTION(n) < n) for all n >= 2 * * USABLE_FRACTION should be quick to calculate. * Fractions around 1/2 to 2/3 seem to work well in practice. */ #define USABLE_FRACTION(n) (((n) << 1)/3) /* ESTIMATE_SIZE is reverse function of USABLE_FRACTION. * This can be used to reserve enough size to insert n entries without * resizing. */ #define ESTIMATE_SIZE(n) (((n)*3+1) >> 1) /* Alternative fraction that is otherwise close enough to 2n/3 to make * little difference. 8 * 2/3 == 8 * 5/8 == 5. 16 * 2/3 == 16 * 5/8 == 10. * 32 * 2/3 = 21, 32 * 5/8 = 20. * Its advantage is that it is faster to compute on machines with slow division. * #define USABLE_FRACTION(n) (((n) >> 1) + ((n) >> 2) - ((n) >> 3)) */ /* GROWTH_RATE. Growth rate upon hitting maximum load. * Currently set to used*3. * This means that dicts double in size when growing without deletions, * but have more head room when the number of deletions is on a par with the * number of insertions. See also bpo-17563 and bpo-33205. * * GROWTH_RATE was set to used*4 up to version 3.2. * GROWTH_RATE was set to used*2 in version 3.3.0 * GROWTH_RATE was set to used*2 + capacity/2 in 3.4.0-3.6.0. */ #define GROWTH_RATE(d) ((d)->ma_used*3) #define ENSURE_ALLOWS_DELETIONS(d) \ if ((d)->ma_keys->dk_lookup == lookdict_unicode_nodummy) { \ (d)->ma_keys->dk_lookup = lookdict_unicode; \ } /* This immutable, empty PyDictKeysObject is used for PyDict_Clear() * (which cannot fail and thus can do no allocation). */ static PyDictKeysObject empty_keys_struct = { 1, /* dk_refcnt */ 1, /* dk_size */ lookdict_split, /* dk_lookup */ 0, /* dk_usable (immutable) */ 0, /* dk_nentries */ {DKIX_EMPTY, DKIX_EMPTY, DKIX_EMPTY, DKIX_EMPTY, DKIX_EMPTY, DKIX_EMPTY, DKIX_EMPTY, DKIX_EMPTY}, /* dk_indices */ }; static PyObject *empty_values[1] = { NULL }; #define Py_EMPTY_KEYS &empty_keys_struct /* Uncomment to check the dict content in _PyDict_CheckConsistency() */ /* #define DEBUG_PYDICT */ #ifndef NDEBUG static int _PyDict_CheckConsistency(PyDictObject *mp) { PyDictKeysObject *keys = mp->ma_keys; int splitted = _PyDict_HasSplitTable(mp); Py_ssize_t usable = USABLE_FRACTION(keys->dk_size); #ifdef DEBUG_PYDICT PyDictKeyEntry *entries = DK_ENTRIES(keys); Py_ssize_t i; #endif assert(0 <= mp->ma_used && mp->ma_used <= usable); assert(IS_POWER_OF_2(keys->dk_size)); assert(0 <= keys->dk_usable && keys->dk_usable <= usable); assert(0 <= keys->dk_nentries && keys->dk_nentries <= usable); assert(keys->dk_usable + keys->dk_nentries <= usable); if (!splitted) { /* combined table */ assert(keys->dk_refcnt == 1); } #ifdef DEBUG_PYDICT for (i=0; i < keys->dk_size; i++) { Py_ssize_t ix = dk_get_index(keys, i); assert(DKIX_DUMMY <= ix && ix <= usable); } for (i=0; i < usable; i++) { PyDictKeyEntry *entry = &entries[i]; PyObject *key = entry->me_key; if (key != NULL) { if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(key)) { Py_hash_t hash = ((PyASCIIObject *)key)->hash; assert(hash != -1); assert(entry->me_hash == hash); } else { /* test_dict fails if PyObject_Hash() is called again */ assert(entry->me_hash != -1); } if (!splitted) { assert(entry->me_value != NULL); } } if (splitted) { assert(entry->me_value == NULL); } } if (splitted) { /* splitted table */ for (i=0; i < mp->ma_used; i++) { assert(mp->ma_values[i] != NULL); } } #endif return 1; } #endif static PyDictKeysObject *new_keys_object(Py_ssize_t size) { PyDictKeysObject *dk; Py_ssize_t es, usable; assert(size >= PyDict_MINSIZE); assert(IS_POWER_OF_2(size)); usable = USABLE_FRACTION(size); if (size <= 0xff) { es = 1; } else if (size <= 0xffff) { es = 2; } #if SIZEOF_VOID_P > 4 else if (size <= 0xffffffff) { es = 4; } #endif else { es = sizeof(Py_ssize_t); } if (size == PyDict_MINSIZE && numfreekeys > 0) { dk = keys_free_list[--numfreekeys]; } else { dk = PyObject_MALLOC(sizeof(PyDictKeysObject) + es * size + sizeof(PyDictKeyEntry) * usable); if (dk == NULL) { PyErr_NoMemory(); return NULL; } } DK_DEBUG_INCREF dk->dk_refcnt = 1; dk->dk_size = size; dk->dk_usable = usable; dk->dk_lookup = lookdict_unicode_nodummy; dk->dk_nentries = 0; memset(&dk->dk_indices[0], 0xff, es * size); memset(DK_ENTRIES(dk), 0, sizeof(PyDictKeyEntry) * usable); return dk; } static void free_keys_object(PyDictKeysObject *keys) { PyDictKeyEntry *entries = DK_ENTRIES(keys); Py_ssize_t i, n; for (i = 0, n = keys->dk_nentries; i < n; i++) { Py_XDECREF(entries[i].me_key); Py_XDECREF(entries[i].me_value); } if (keys->dk_size == PyDict_MINSIZE && numfreekeys < PyDict_MAXFREELIST) { keys_free_list[numfreekeys++] = keys; return; } PyObject_FREE(keys); } #define new_values(size) PyMem_NEW(PyObject *, size) #define free_values(values) PyMem_FREE(values) /* Consumes a reference to the keys object */ static PyObject * new_dict(PyDictKeysObject *keys, PyObject **values) { PyDictObject *mp; assert(keys != NULL); if (numfree) { mp = free_list[--numfree]; assert (mp != NULL); assert (Py_TYPE(mp) == &PyDict_Type); _Py_NewReference((PyObject *)mp); } else { mp = PyObject_GC_New(PyDictObject, &PyDict_Type); if (mp == NULL) { DK_DECREF(keys); free_values(values); return NULL; } } mp->ma_keys = keys; mp->ma_values = values; mp->ma_used = 0; mp->ma_version_tag = DICT_NEXT_VERSION(); assert(_PyDict_CheckConsistency(mp)); return (PyObject *)mp; } /* Consumes a reference to the keys object */ static PyObject * new_dict_with_shared_keys(PyDictKeysObject *keys) { PyObject **values; Py_ssize_t i, size; size = USABLE_FRACTION(DK_SIZE(keys)); values = new_values(size); if (values == NULL) { DK_DECREF(keys); return PyErr_NoMemory(); } for (i = 0; i < size; i++) { values[i] = NULL; } return new_dict(keys, values); } static PyObject * clone_combined_dict(PyDictObject *orig) { assert(PyDict_CheckExact(orig)); assert(orig->ma_values == NULL); assert(orig->ma_keys->dk_refcnt == 1); Py_ssize_t keys_size = _PyDict_KeysSize(orig->ma_keys); PyDictKeysObject *keys = PyObject_Malloc(keys_size); if (keys == NULL) { PyErr_NoMemory(); return NULL; } memcpy(keys, orig->ma_keys, keys_size); /* After copying key/value pairs, we need to incref all keys and values and they are about to be co-owned by a new dict object. */ PyDictKeyEntry *ep0 = DK_ENTRIES(keys); Py_ssize_t n = keys->dk_nentries; for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < n; i++) { PyDictKeyEntry *entry = &ep0[i]; PyObject *value = entry->me_value; if (value != NULL) { Py_INCREF(value); Py_INCREF(entry->me_key); } } PyDictObject *new = (PyDictObject *)new_dict(keys, NULL); if (new == NULL) { /* In case of an error, `new_dict()` takes care of cleaning up `keys`. */ return NULL; } new->ma_used = orig->ma_used; assert(_PyDict_CheckConsistency(new)); if (_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(orig)) { /* Maintain tracking. */ _PyObject_GC_TRACK(new); } /* Since we copied the keys table we now have an extra reference in the system. Manually call _Py_INC_REFTOTAL to signal that we have it now; calling DK_INCREF would be an error as keys->dk_refcnt is already set to 1 (after memcpy). */ _Py_INC_REFTOTAL; return (PyObject *)new; } PyObject * PyDict_New(void) { PyDictKeysObject *keys = new_keys_object(PyDict_MINSIZE); if (keys == NULL) return NULL; return new_dict(keys, NULL); } /* Search index of hash table from offset of entry table */ static Py_ssize_t lookdict_index(PyDictKeysObject *k, Py_hash_t hash, Py_ssize_t index) { size_t mask = DK_MASK(k); size_t perturb = (size_t)hash; size_t i = (size_t)hash & mask; for (;;) { Py_ssize_t ix = dk_get_index(k, i); if (ix == index) { return i; } if (ix == DKIX_EMPTY) { return DKIX_EMPTY; } perturb >>= PERTURB_SHIFT; i = mask & (i*5 + perturb + 1); } Py_UNREACHABLE(); } /* The basic lookup function used by all operations. This is based on Algorithm D from Knuth Vol. 3, Sec. 6.4. Open addressing is preferred over chaining since the link overhead for chaining would be substantial (100% with typical malloc overhead). The initial probe index is computed as hash mod the table size. Subsequent probe indices are computed as explained earlier. All arithmetic on hash should ignore overflow. The details in this version are due to Tim Peters, building on many past contributions by Reimer Behrends, Jyrki Alakuijala, Vladimir Marangozov and Christian Tismer. lookdict() is general-purpose, and may return DKIX_ERROR if (and only if) a comparison raises an exception. lookdict_unicode() below is specialized to string keys, comparison of which can never raise an exception; that function can never return DKIX_ERROR when key is string. Otherwise, it falls back to lookdict(). lookdict_unicode_nodummy is further specialized for string keys that cannot be the value. For both, when the key isn't found a DKIX_EMPTY is returned. */ static Py_ssize_t _Py_HOT_FUNCTION lookdict(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash, PyObject **value_addr) { size_t i, mask, perturb; PyDictKeysObject *dk; PyDictKeyEntry *ep0; top: dk = mp->ma_keys; ep0 = DK_ENTRIES(dk); mask = DK_MASK(dk); perturb = hash; i = (size_t)hash & mask; for (;;) { Py_ssize_t ix = dk_get_index(dk, i); if (ix == DKIX_EMPTY) { *value_addr = NULL; return ix; } if (ix >= 0) { PyDictKeyEntry *ep = &ep0[ix]; assert(ep->me_key != NULL); if (ep->me_key == key) { *value_addr = ep->me_value; return ix; } if (ep->me_hash == hash) { PyObject *startkey = ep->me_key; Py_INCREF(startkey); int cmp = PyObject_RichCompareBool(startkey, key, Py_EQ); Py_DECREF(startkey); if (cmp < 0) { *value_addr = NULL; return DKIX_ERROR; } if (dk == mp->ma_keys && ep->me_key == startkey) { if (cmp > 0) { *value_addr = ep->me_value; return ix; } } else { /* The dict was mutated, restart */ goto top; } } } perturb >>= PERTURB_SHIFT; i = (i*5 + perturb + 1) & mask; } Py_UNREACHABLE(); } /* Specialized version for string-only keys */ static Py_ssize_t _Py_HOT_FUNCTION lookdict_unicode(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash, PyObject **value_addr) { assert(mp->ma_values == NULL); /* Make sure this function doesn't have to handle non-unicode keys, including subclasses of str; e.g., one reason to subclass unicodes is to override __eq__, and for speed we don't cater to that here. */ if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key)) { mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup = lookdict; return lookdict(mp, key, hash, value_addr); } PyDictKeyEntry *ep0 = DK_ENTRIES(mp->ma_keys); size_t mask = DK_MASK(mp->ma_keys); size_t perturb = (size_t)hash; size_t i = (size_t)hash & mask; for (;;) { Py_ssize_t ix = dk_get_index(mp->ma_keys, i); if (ix == DKIX_EMPTY) { *value_addr = NULL; return DKIX_EMPTY; } if (ix >= 0) { PyDictKeyEntry *ep = &ep0[ix]; assert(ep->me_key != NULL); assert(PyUnicode_CheckExact(ep->me_key)); if (ep->me_key == key || (ep->me_hash == hash && unicode_eq(ep->me_key, key))) { *value_addr = ep->me_value; return ix; } } perturb >>= PERTURB_SHIFT; i = mask & (i*5 + perturb + 1); } Py_UNREACHABLE(); } /* Faster version of lookdict_unicode when it is known that no keys * will be present. */ static Py_ssize_t _Py_HOT_FUNCTION lookdict_unicode_nodummy(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash, PyObject **value_addr) { assert(mp->ma_values == NULL); /* Make sure this function doesn't have to handle non-unicode keys, including subclasses of str; e.g., one reason to subclass unicodes is to override __eq__, and for speed we don't cater to that here. */ if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key)) { mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup = lookdict; return lookdict(mp, key, hash, value_addr); } PyDictKeyEntry *ep0 = DK_ENTRIES(mp->ma_keys); size_t mask = DK_MASK(mp->ma_keys); size_t perturb = (size_t)hash; size_t i = (size_t)hash & mask; for (;;) { Py_ssize_t ix = dk_get_index(mp->ma_keys, i); assert (ix != DKIX_DUMMY); if (ix == DKIX_EMPTY) { *value_addr = NULL; return DKIX_EMPTY; } PyDictKeyEntry *ep = &ep0[ix]; assert(ep->me_key != NULL); assert(PyUnicode_CheckExact(ep->me_key)); if (ep->me_key == key || (ep->me_hash == hash && unicode_eq(ep->me_key, key))) { *value_addr = ep->me_value; return ix; } perturb >>= PERTURB_SHIFT; i = mask & (i*5 + perturb + 1); } Py_UNREACHABLE(); } /* Version of lookdict for split tables. * All split tables and only split tables use this lookup function. * Split tables only contain unicode keys and no dummy keys, * so algorithm is the same as lookdict_unicode_nodummy. */ static Py_ssize_t _Py_HOT_FUNCTION lookdict_split(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash, PyObject **value_addr) { /* mp must split table */ assert(mp->ma_values != NULL); if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key)) { Py_ssize_t ix = lookdict(mp, key, hash, value_addr); if (ix >= 0) { *value_addr = mp->ma_values[ix]; } return ix; } PyDictKeyEntry *ep0 = DK_ENTRIES(mp->ma_keys); size_t mask = DK_MASK(mp->ma_keys); size_t perturb = (size_t)hash; size_t i = (size_t)hash & mask; for (;;) { Py_ssize_t ix = dk_get_index(mp->ma_keys, i); assert (ix != DKIX_DUMMY); if (ix == DKIX_EMPTY) { *value_addr = NULL; return DKIX_EMPTY; } PyDictKeyEntry *ep = &ep0[ix]; assert(ep->me_key != NULL); assert(PyUnicode_CheckExact(ep->me_key)); if (ep->me_key == key || (ep->me_hash == hash && unicode_eq(ep->me_key, key))) { *value_addr = mp->ma_values[ix]; return ix; } perturb >>= PERTURB_SHIFT; i = mask & (i*5 + perturb + 1); } Py_UNREACHABLE(); } int _PyDict_HasOnlyStringKeys(PyObject *dict) { Py_ssize_t pos = 0; PyObject *key, *value; assert(PyDict_Check(dict)); /* Shortcut */ if (((PyDictObject *)dict)->ma_keys->dk_lookup != lookdict) return 1; while (PyDict_Next(dict, &pos, &key, &value)) if (!PyUnicode_Check(key)) return 0; return 1; } #define MAINTAIN_TRACKING(mp, key, value) \ do { \ if (!_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(mp)) { \ if (_PyObject_GC_MAY_BE_TRACKED(key) || \ _PyObject_GC_MAY_BE_TRACKED(value)) { \ _PyObject_GC_TRACK(mp); \ } \ } \ } while(0) void _PyDict_MaybeUntrack(PyObject *op) { PyDictObject *mp; PyObject *value; Py_ssize_t i, numentries; PyDictKeyEntry *ep0; if (!PyDict_CheckExact(op) || !_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(op)) return; mp = (PyDictObject *) op; ep0 = DK_ENTRIES(mp->ma_keys); numentries = mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries; if (_PyDict_HasSplitTable(mp)) { for (i = 0; i < numentries; i++) { if ((value = mp->ma_values[i]) == NULL) continue; if (_PyObject_GC_MAY_BE_TRACKED(value)) { assert(!_PyObject_GC_MAY_BE_TRACKED(ep0[i].me_key)); return; } } } else { for (i = 0; i < numentries; i++) { if ((value = ep0[i].me_value) == NULL) continue; if (_PyObject_GC_MAY_BE_TRACKED(value) || _PyObject_GC_MAY_BE_TRACKED(ep0[i].me_key)) return; } } _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(op); } /* Internal function to find slot for an item from its hash when it is known that the key is not present in the dict. The dict must be combined. */ static Py_ssize_t find_empty_slot(PyDictKeysObject *keys, Py_hash_t hash) { assert(keys != NULL); const size_t mask = DK_MASK(keys); size_t i = hash & mask; Py_ssize_t ix = dk_get_index(keys, i); for (size_t perturb = hash; ix >= 0;) { perturb >>= PERTURB_SHIFT; i = (i*5 + perturb + 1) & mask; ix = dk_get_index(keys, i); } return i; } static int insertion_resize(PyDictObject *mp) { return dictresize(mp, GROWTH_RATE(mp)); } /* Internal routine to insert a new item into the table. Used both by the internal resize routine and by the public insert routine. Returns -1 if an error occurred, or 0 on success. */ static int insertdict(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash, PyObject *value) { PyObject *old_value; PyDictKeyEntry *ep; Py_INCREF(key); Py_INCREF(value); if (mp->ma_values != NULL && !PyUnicode_CheckExact(key)) { if (insertion_resize(mp) < 0) goto Fail; } Py_ssize_t ix = mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup(mp, key, hash, &old_value); if (ix == DKIX_ERROR) goto Fail; assert(PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) || mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup == lookdict); MAINTAIN_TRACKING(mp, key, value); /* When insertion order is different from shared key, we can't share * the key anymore. Convert this instance to combine table. */ if (_PyDict_HasSplitTable(mp) && ((ix >= 0 && old_value == NULL && mp->ma_used != ix) || (ix == DKIX_EMPTY && mp->ma_used != mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries))) { if (insertion_resize(mp) < 0) goto Fail; ix = DKIX_EMPTY; } if (ix == DKIX_EMPTY) { /* Insert into new slot. */ assert(old_value == NULL); if (mp->ma_keys->dk_usable <= 0) { /* Need to resize. */ if (insertion_resize(mp) < 0) goto Fail; } Py_ssize_t hashpos = find_empty_slot(mp->ma_keys, hash); ep = &DK_ENTRIES(mp->ma_keys)[mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries]; dk_set_index(mp->ma_keys, hashpos, mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries); ep->me_key = key; ep->me_hash = hash; if (mp->ma_values) { assert (mp->ma_values[mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries] == NULL); mp->ma_values[mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries] = value; } else { ep->me_value = value; } mp->ma_used++; mp->ma_version_tag = DICT_NEXT_VERSION(); mp->ma_keys->dk_usable--; mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries++; assert(mp->ma_keys->dk_usable >= 0); assert(_PyDict_CheckConsistency(mp)); return 0; } if (_PyDict_HasSplitTable(mp)) { mp->ma_values[ix] = value; if (old_value == NULL) { /* pending state */ assert(ix == mp->ma_used); mp->ma_used++; } } else { assert(old_value != NULL); DK_ENTRIES(mp->ma_keys)[ix].me_value = value; } mp->ma_version_tag = DICT_NEXT_VERSION(); Py_XDECREF(old_value); /* which **CAN** re-enter (see issue #22653) */ assert(_PyDict_CheckConsistency(mp)); Py_DECREF(key); return 0; Fail: Py_DECREF(value); Py_DECREF(key); return -1; } /* Internal routine used by dictresize() to build a hashtable of entries. */ static void build_indices(PyDictKeysObject *keys, PyDictKeyEntry *ep, Py_ssize_t n) { size_t mask = (size_t)DK_SIZE(keys) - 1; for (Py_ssize_t ix = 0; ix != n; ix++, ep++) { Py_hash_t hash = ep->me_hash; size_t i = hash & mask; for (size_t perturb = hash; dk_get_index(keys, i) != DKIX_EMPTY;) { perturb >>= PERTURB_SHIFT; i = mask & (i*5 + perturb + 1); } dk_set_index(keys, i, ix); } } /* Restructure the table by allocating a new table and reinserting all items again. When entries have been deleted, the new table may actually be smaller than the old one. If a table is split (its keys and hashes are shared, its values are not), then the values are temporarily copied into the table, it is resized as a combined table, then the me_value slots in the old table are NULLed out. After resizing a table is always combined, but can be resplit by make_keys_shared(). */ static int dictresize(PyDictObject *mp, Py_ssize_t minsize) { Py_ssize_t newsize, numentries; PyDictKeysObject *oldkeys; PyObject **oldvalues; PyDictKeyEntry *oldentries, *newentries; /* Find the smallest table size > minused. */ for (newsize = PyDict_MINSIZE; newsize < minsize && newsize > 0; newsize <<= 1) ; if (newsize <= 0) { PyErr_NoMemory(); return -1; } oldkeys = mp->ma_keys; /* NOTE: Current odict checks mp->ma_keys to detect resize happen. * So we can't reuse oldkeys even if oldkeys->dk_size == newsize. * TODO: Try reusing oldkeys when reimplement odict. */ /* Allocate a new table. */ mp->ma_keys = new_keys_object(newsize); if (mp->ma_keys == NULL) { mp->ma_keys = oldkeys; return -1; } // New table must be large enough. assert(mp->ma_keys->dk_usable >= mp->ma_used); if (oldkeys->dk_lookup == lookdict) mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup = lookdict; numentries = mp->ma_used; oldentries = DK_ENTRIES(oldkeys); newentries = DK_ENTRIES(mp->ma_keys); oldvalues = mp->ma_values; if (oldvalues != NULL) { /* Convert split table into new combined table. * We must incref keys; we can transfer values. * Note that values of split table is always dense. */ for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < numentries; i++) { assert(oldvalues[i] != NULL); PyDictKeyEntry *ep = &oldentries[i]; PyObject *key = ep->me_key; Py_INCREF(key); newentries[i].me_key = key; newentries[i].me_hash = ep->me_hash; newentries[i].me_value = oldvalues[i]; } DK_DECREF(oldkeys); mp->ma_values = NULL; if (oldvalues != empty_values) { free_values(oldvalues); } } else { // combined table. if (oldkeys->dk_nentries == numentries) { memcpy(newentries, oldentries, numentries * sizeof(PyDictKeyEntry)); } else { PyDictKeyEntry *ep = oldentries; for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < numentries; i++) { while (ep->me_value == NULL) ep++; newentries[i] = *ep++; } } assert(oldkeys->dk_lookup != lookdict_split); assert(oldkeys->dk_refcnt == 1); if (oldkeys->dk_size == PyDict_MINSIZE && numfreekeys < PyDict_MAXFREELIST) { DK_DEBUG_DECREF keys_free_list[numfreekeys++] = oldkeys; } else { DK_DEBUG_DECREF PyObject_FREE(oldkeys); } } build_indices(mp->ma_keys, newentries, numentries); mp->ma_keys->dk_usable -= numentries; mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries = numentries; return 0; } /* Returns NULL if unable to split table. * A NULL return does not necessarily indicate an error */ static PyDictKeysObject * make_keys_shared(PyObject *op) { Py_ssize_t i; Py_ssize_t size; PyDictObject *mp = (PyDictObject *)op; if (!PyDict_CheckExact(op)) return NULL; if (!_PyDict_HasSplitTable(mp)) { PyDictKeyEntry *ep0; PyObject **values; assert(mp->ma_keys->dk_refcnt == 1); if (mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup == lookdict) { return NULL; } else if (mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup == lookdict_unicode) { /* Remove dummy keys */ if (dictresize(mp, DK_SIZE(mp->ma_keys))) return NULL; } assert(mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup == lookdict_unicode_nodummy); /* Copy values into a new array */ ep0 = DK_ENTRIES(mp->ma_keys); size = USABLE_FRACTION(DK_SIZE(mp->ma_keys)); values = new_values(size); if (values == NULL) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_MemoryError, "Not enough memory to allocate new values array"); return NULL; } for (i = 0; i < size; i++) { values[i] = ep0[i].me_value; ep0[i].me_value = NULL; } mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup = lookdict_split; mp->ma_values = values; } DK_INCREF(mp->ma_keys); return mp->ma_keys; } PyObject * _PyDict_NewPresized(Py_ssize_t minused) { const Py_ssize_t max_presize = 128 * 1024; Py_ssize_t newsize; PyDictKeysObject *new_keys; /* There are no strict guarantee that returned dict can contain minused * items without resize. So we create medium size dict instead of very * large dict or MemoryError. */ if (minused > USABLE_FRACTION(max_presize)) { newsize = max_presize; } else { Py_ssize_t minsize = ESTIMATE_SIZE(minused); newsize = PyDict_MINSIZE; while (newsize < minsize) { newsize <<= 1; } } assert(IS_POWER_OF_2(newsize)); new_keys = new_keys_object(newsize); if (new_keys == NULL) return NULL; return new_dict(new_keys, NULL); } /* Note that, for historical reasons, PyDict_GetItem() suppresses all errors * that may occur (originally dicts supported only string keys, and exceptions * weren't possible). So, while the original intent was that a NULL return * meant the key wasn't present, in reality it can mean that, or that an error * (suppressed) occurred while computing the key's hash, or that some error * (suppressed) occurred when comparing keys in the dict's internal probe * sequence. A nasty example of the latter is when a Python-coded comparison * function hits a stack-depth error, which can cause this to return NULL * even if the key is present. */ PyObject * PyDict_GetItem(PyObject *op, PyObject *key) { Py_hash_t hash; Py_ssize_t ix; PyDictObject *mp = (PyDictObject *)op; PyThreadState *tstate; PyObject *value; if (!PyDict_Check(op)) return NULL; if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) || (hash = ((PyASCIIObject *) key)->hash) == -1) { hash = PyObject_Hash(key); if (hash == -1) { PyErr_Clear(); return NULL; } } /* We can arrive here with a NULL tstate during initialization: try running "python -Wi" for an example related to string interning. Let's just hope that no exception occurs then... This must be _PyThreadState_Current and not PyThreadState_GET() because in debug mode, the latter complains if tstate is NULL. */ tstate = PyThreadState_GET(); if (tstate != NULL && tstate->curexc_type != NULL) { /* preserve the existing exception */ PyObject *err_type, *err_value, *err_tb; PyErr_Fetch(&err_type, &err_value, &err_tb); ix = (mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup)(mp, key, hash, &value); /* ignore errors */ PyErr_Restore(err_type, err_value, err_tb); if (ix < 0) return NULL; } else { ix = (mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup)(mp, key, hash, &value); if (ix < 0) { PyErr_Clear(); return NULL; } } return value; } /* Same as PyDict_GetItemWithError() but with hash supplied by caller. This returns NULL *with* an exception set if an exception occurred. It returns NULL *without* an exception set if the key wasn't present. */ PyObject * _PyDict_GetItem_KnownHash(PyObject *op, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash) { Py_ssize_t ix; PyDictObject *mp = (PyDictObject *)op; PyObject *value; if (!PyDict_Check(op)) { PyErr_BadInternalCall(); return NULL; } ix = (mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup)(mp, key, hash, &value); if (ix < 0) { return NULL; } return value; } /* Variant of PyDict_GetItem() that doesn't suppress exceptions. This returns NULL *with* an exception set if an exception occurred. It returns NULL *without* an exception set if the key wasn't present. */ PyObject * PyDict_GetItemWithError(PyObject *op, PyObject *key) { Py_ssize_t ix; Py_hash_t hash; PyDictObject*mp = (PyDictObject *)op; PyObject *value; if (!PyDict_Check(op)) { PyErr_BadInternalCall(); return NULL; } if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) || (hash = ((PyASCIIObject *) key)->hash) == -1) { hash = PyObject_Hash(key); if (hash == -1) { return NULL; } } ix = (mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup)(mp, key, hash, &value); if (ix < 0) return NULL; return value; } PyObject * _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(PyObject *dp, struct _Py_Identifier *key) { PyObject *kv; kv = _PyUnicode_FromId(key); /* borrowed */ if (kv == NULL) return NULL; return PyDict_GetItemWithError(dp, kv); } /* Fast version of global value lookup (LOAD_GLOBAL). * Lookup in globals, then builtins. * * Raise an exception and return NULL if an error occurred (ex: computing the * key hash failed, key comparison failed, ...). Return NULL if the key doesn't * exist. Return the value if the key exists. */ PyObject * _PyDict_LoadGlobal(PyDictObject *globals, PyDictObject *builtins, PyObject *key) { Py_ssize_t ix; Py_hash_t hash; PyObject *value; if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) || (hash = ((PyASCIIObject *) key)->hash) == -1) { hash = PyObject_Hash(key); if (hash == -1) return NULL; } /* namespace 1: globals */ ix = globals->ma_keys->dk_lookup(globals, key, hash, &value); if (ix == DKIX_ERROR) return NULL; if (ix != DKIX_EMPTY && value != NULL) return value; /* namespace 2: builtins */ ix = builtins->ma_keys->dk_lookup(builtins, key, hash, &value); if (ix < 0) return NULL; return value; } /* CAUTION: PyDict_SetItem() must guarantee that it won't resize the * dictionary if it's merely replacing the value for an existing key. * This means that it's safe to loop over a dictionary with PyDict_Next() * and occasionally replace a value -- but you can't insert new keys or * remove them. */ int PyDict_SetItem(PyObject *op, PyObject *key, PyObject *value) { PyDictObject *mp; Py_hash_t hash; if (!PyDict_Check(op)) { PyErr_BadInternalCall(); return -1; } assert(key); assert(value); mp = (PyDictObject *)op; if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) || (hash = ((PyASCIIObject *) key)->hash) == -1) { hash = PyObject_Hash(key); if (hash == -1) return -1; } /* insertdict() handles any resizing that might be necessary */ return insertdict(mp, key, hash, value); } int _PyDict_SetItem_KnownHash(PyObject *op, PyObject *key, PyObject *value, Py_hash_t hash) { PyDictObject *mp; if (!PyDict_Check(op)) { PyErr_BadInternalCall(); return -1; } assert(key); assert(value); assert(hash != -1); mp = (PyDictObject *)op; /* insertdict() handles any resizing that might be necessary */ return insertdict(mp, key, hash, value); } static int delitem_common(PyDictObject *mp, Py_hash_t hash, Py_ssize_t ix, PyObject *old_value) { PyObject *old_key; PyDictKeyEntry *ep; Py_ssize_t hashpos = lookdict_index(mp->ma_keys, hash, ix); assert(hashpos >= 0); mp->ma_used--; mp->ma_version_tag = DICT_NEXT_VERSION(); ep = &DK_ENTRIES(mp->ma_keys)[ix]; dk_set_index(mp->ma_keys, hashpos, DKIX_DUMMY); ENSURE_ALLOWS_DELETIONS(mp); old_key = ep->me_key; ep->me_key = NULL; ep->me_value = NULL; Py_DECREF(old_key); Py_DECREF(old_value); assert(_PyDict_CheckConsistency(mp)); return 0; } int PyDict_DelItem(PyObject *op, PyObject *key) { Py_hash_t hash; assert(key); if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) || (hash = ((PyASCIIObject *) key)->hash) == -1) { hash = PyObject_Hash(key); if (hash == -1) return -1; } return _PyDict_DelItem_KnownHash(op, key, hash); } int _PyDict_DelItem_KnownHash(PyObject *op, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash) { Py_ssize_t ix; PyDictObject *mp; PyObject *old_value; if (!PyDict_Check(op)) { PyErr_BadInternalCall(); return -1; } assert(key); assert(hash != -1); mp = (PyDictObject *)op; ix = (mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup)(mp, key, hash, &old_value); if (ix == DKIX_ERROR) return -1; if (ix == DKIX_EMPTY || old_value == NULL) { _PyErr_SetKeyError(key); return -1; } // Split table doesn't allow deletion. Combine it. if (_PyDict_HasSplitTable(mp)) { if (dictresize(mp, DK_SIZE(mp->ma_keys))) { return -1; } ix = (mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup)(mp, key, hash, &old_value); assert(ix >= 0); } return delitem_common(mp, hash, ix, old_value); } /* This function promises that the predicate -> deletion sequence is atomic * (i.e. protected by the GIL), assuming the predicate itself doesn't * release the GIL. */ int _PyDict_DelItemIf(PyObject *op, PyObject *key, int (*predicate)(PyObject *value)) { Py_ssize_t hashpos, ix; PyDictObject *mp; Py_hash_t hash; PyObject *old_value; int res; if (!PyDict_Check(op)) { PyErr_BadInternalCall(); return -1; } assert(key); hash = PyObject_Hash(key); if (hash == -1) return -1; mp = (PyDictObject *)op; ix = (mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup)(mp, key, hash, &old_value); if (ix == DKIX_ERROR) return -1; if (ix == DKIX_EMPTY || old_value == NULL) { _PyErr_SetKeyError(key); return -1; } // Split table doesn't allow deletion. Combine it. if (_PyDict_HasSplitTable(mp)) { if (dictresize(mp, DK_SIZE(mp->ma_keys))) { return -1; } ix = (mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup)(mp, key, hash, &old_value); assert(ix >= 0); } res = predicate(old_value); if (res == -1) return -1; hashpos = lookdict_index(mp->ma_keys, hash, ix); assert(hashpos >= 0); if (res > 0) return delitem_common(mp, hashpos, ix, old_value); else return 0; } void PyDict_Clear(PyObject *op) { PyDictObject *mp; PyDictKeysObject *oldkeys; PyObject **oldvalues; Py_ssize_t i, n; if (!PyDict_Check(op)) return; mp = ((PyDictObject *)op); oldkeys = mp->ma_keys; oldvalues = mp->ma_values; if (oldvalues == empty_values) return; /* Empty the dict... */ DK_INCREF(Py_EMPTY_KEYS); mp->ma_keys = Py_EMPTY_KEYS; mp->ma_values = empty_values; mp->ma_used = 0; mp->ma_version_tag = DICT_NEXT_VERSION(); /* ...then clear the keys and values */ if (oldvalues != NULL) { n = oldkeys->dk_nentries; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) Py_CLEAR(oldvalues[i]); free_values(oldvalues); DK_DECREF(oldkeys); } else { assert(oldkeys->dk_refcnt == 1); DK_DECREF(oldkeys); } assert(_PyDict_CheckConsistency(mp)); } /* Internal version of PyDict_Next that returns a hash value in addition * to the key and value. * Return 1 on success, return 0 when the reached the end of the dictionary * (or if op is not a dictionary) */ int _PyDict_Next(PyObject *op, Py_ssize_t *ppos, PyObject **pkey, PyObject **pvalue, Py_hash_t *phash) { Py_ssize_t i; PyDictObject *mp; PyDictKeyEntry *entry_ptr; PyObject *value; if (!PyDict_Check(op)) return 0; mp = (PyDictObject *)op; i = *ppos; if (mp->ma_values) { if (i < 0 || i >= mp->ma_used) return 0; /* values of split table is always dense */ entry_ptr = &DK_ENTRIES(mp->ma_keys)[i]; value = mp->ma_values[i]; assert(value != NULL); } else { Py_ssize_t n = mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries; if (i < 0 || i >= n) return 0; entry_ptr = &DK_ENTRIES(mp->ma_keys)[i]; while (i < n && entry_ptr->me_value == NULL) { entry_ptr++; i++; } if (i >= n) return 0; value = entry_ptr->me_value; } *ppos = i+1; if (pkey) *pkey = entry_ptr->me_key; if (phash) *phash = entry_ptr->me_hash; if (pvalue) *pvalue = value; return 1; } /* * Iterate over a dict. Use like so: * * Py_ssize_t i; * PyObject *key, *value; * i = 0; # important! i should not otherwise be changed by you * while (PyDict_Next(yourdict, &i, &key, &value)) { * Refer to borrowed references in key and value. * } * * Return 1 on success, return 0 when the reached the end of the dictionary * (or if op is not a dictionary) * * CAUTION: In general, it isn't safe to use PyDict_Next in a loop that * mutates the dict. One exception: it is safe if the loop merely changes * the values associated with the keys (but doesn't insert new keys or * delete keys), via PyDict_SetItem(). */ int PyDict_Next(PyObject *op, Py_ssize_t *ppos, PyObject **pkey, PyObject **pvalue) { return _PyDict_Next(op, ppos, pkey, pvalue, NULL); } /* Internal version of dict.pop(). */ PyObject * _PyDict_Pop_KnownHash(PyObject *dict, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash, PyObject *deflt) { Py_ssize_t ix, hashpos; PyObject *old_value, *old_key; PyDictKeyEntry *ep; PyDictObject *mp; assert(PyDict_Check(dict)); mp = (PyDictObject *)dict; if (mp->ma_used == 0) { if (deflt) { Py_INCREF(deflt); return deflt; } _PyErr_SetKeyError(key); return NULL; } ix = (mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup)(mp, key, hash, &old_value); if (ix == DKIX_ERROR) return NULL; if (ix == DKIX_EMPTY || old_value == NULL) { if (deflt) { Py_INCREF(deflt); return deflt; } _PyErr_SetKeyError(key); return NULL; } // Split table doesn't allow deletion. Combine it. if (_PyDict_HasSplitTable(mp)) { if (dictresize(mp, DK_SIZE(mp->ma_keys))) { return NULL; } ix = (mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup)(mp, key, hash, &old_value); assert(ix >= 0); } hashpos = lookdict_index(mp->ma_keys, hash, ix); assert(hashpos >= 0); assert(old_value != NULL); mp->ma_used--; mp->ma_version_tag = DICT_NEXT_VERSION(); dk_set_index(mp->ma_keys, hashpos, DKIX_DUMMY); ep = &DK_ENTRIES(mp->ma_keys)[ix]; ENSURE_ALLOWS_DELETIONS(mp); old_key = ep->me_key; ep->me_key = NULL; ep->me_value = NULL; Py_DECREF(old_key); assert(_PyDict_CheckConsistency(mp)); return old_value; } PyObject * _PyDict_Pop(PyObject *dict, PyObject *key, PyObject *deflt) { Py_hash_t hash; if (((PyDictObject *)dict)->ma_used == 0) { if (deflt) { Py_INCREF(deflt); return deflt; } _PyErr_SetKeyError(key); return NULL; } if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) || (hash = ((PyASCIIObject *) key)->hash) == -1) { hash = PyObject_Hash(key); if (hash == -1) return NULL; } return _PyDict_Pop_KnownHash(dict, key, hash, deflt); } /* Internal version of dict.from_keys(). It is subclass-friendly. */ PyObject * _PyDict_FromKeys(PyObject *cls, PyObject *iterable, PyObject *value) { PyObject *it; /* iter(iterable) */ PyObject *key; PyObject *d; int status; d = _PyObject_CallNoArg(cls); if (d == NULL) return NULL; if (PyDict_CheckExact(d) && ((PyDictObject *)d)->ma_used == 0) { if (PyDict_CheckExact(iterable)) { PyDictObject *mp = (PyDictObject *)d; PyObject *oldvalue; Py_ssize_t pos = 0; PyObject *key; Py_hash_t hash; if (dictresize(mp, ESTIMATE_SIZE(PyDict_GET_SIZE(iterable)))) { Py_DECREF(d); return NULL; } while (_PyDict_Next(iterable, &pos, &key, &oldvalue, &hash)) { if (insertdict(mp, key, hash, value)) { Py_DECREF(d); return NULL; } } return d; } if (PyAnySet_CheckExact(iterable)) { PyDictObject *mp = (PyDictObject *)d; Py_ssize_t pos = 0; PyObject *key; Py_hash_t hash; if (dictresize(mp, ESTIMATE_SIZE(PySet_GET_SIZE(iterable)))) { Py_DECREF(d); return NULL; } while (_PySet_NextEntry(iterable, &pos, &key, &hash)) { if (insertdict(mp, key, hash, value)) { Py_DECREF(d); return NULL; } } return d; } } it = PyObject_GetIter(iterable); if (it == NULL){ Py_DECREF(d); return NULL; } if (PyDict_CheckExact(d)) { while ((key = PyIter_Next(it)) != NULL) { status = PyDict_SetItem(d, key, value); Py_DECREF(key); if (status < 0) goto Fail; } } else { while ((key = PyIter_Next(it)) != NULL) { status = PyObject_SetItem(d, key, value); Py_DECREF(key); if (status < 0) goto Fail; } } if (PyErr_Occurred()) goto Fail; Py_DECREF(it); return d; Fail: Py_DECREF(it); Py_DECREF(d); return NULL; } /* Methods */ static void dict_dealloc(PyDictObject *mp) { PyObject **values = mp->ma_values; PyDictKeysObject *keys = mp->ma_keys; Py_ssize_t i, n; /* bpo-31095: UnTrack is needed before calling any callbacks */ PyObject_GC_UnTrack(mp); Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN(mp) if (values != NULL) { if (values != empty_values) { for (i = 0, n = mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries; i < n; i++) { Py_XDECREF(values[i]); } free_values(values); } DK_DECREF(keys); } else if (keys != NULL) { assert(keys->dk_refcnt == 1); DK_DECREF(keys); } if (numfree < PyDict_MAXFREELIST && Py_TYPE(mp) == &PyDict_Type) free_list[numfree++] = mp; else Py_TYPE(mp)->tp_free((PyObject *)mp); Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END(mp) } static PyObject * dict_repr(PyDictObject *mp) { Py_ssize_t i; PyObject *key = NULL, *value = NULL; _PyUnicodeWriter writer; int first; i = Py_ReprEnter((PyObject *)mp); if (i != 0) { return i > 0 ? PyUnicode_FromString("{...}") : NULL; } if (mp->ma_used == 0) { Py_ReprLeave((PyObject *)mp); return PyUnicode_FromString("{}"); } _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(&writer); writer.overallocate = 1; /* "{" + "1: 2" + ", 3: 4" * (len - 1) + "}" */ writer.min_length = 1 + 4 + (2 + 4) * (mp->ma_used - 1) + 1; if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(&writer, '{') < 0) goto error; /* Do repr() on each key+value pair, and insert ": " between them. Note that repr may mutate the dict. */ i = 0; first = 1; while (PyDict_Next((PyObject *)mp, &i, &key, &value)) { PyObject *s; int res; /* Prevent repr from deleting key or value during key format. */ Py_INCREF(key); Py_INCREF(value); if (!first) { if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, ", ", 2) < 0) goto error; } first = 0; s = PyObject_Repr(key); if (s == NULL) goto error; res = _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(&writer, s); Py_DECREF(s); if (res < 0) goto error; if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, ": ", 2) < 0) goto error; s = PyObject_Repr(value); if (s == NULL) goto error; res = _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(&writer, s); Py_DECREF(s); if (res < 0) goto error; Py_CLEAR(key); Py_CLEAR(value); } writer.overallocate = 0; if (_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(&writer, '}') < 0) goto error; Py_ReprLeave((PyObject *)mp); return _PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(&writer); error: Py_ReprLeave((PyObject *)mp); _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer); Py_XDECREF(key); Py_XDECREF(value); return NULL; } static Py_ssize_t dict_length(PyDictObject *mp) { return mp->ma_used; } static PyObject * dict_subscript(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key) { Py_ssize_t ix; Py_hash_t hash; PyObject *value; if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) || (hash = ((PyASCIIObject *) key)->hash) == -1) { hash = PyObject_Hash(key); if (hash == -1) return NULL; } ix = (mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup)(mp, key, hash, &value); if (ix == DKIX_ERROR) return NULL; if (ix == DKIX_EMPTY || value == NULL) { if (!PyDict_CheckExact(mp)) { /* Look up __missing__ method if we're a subclass. */ PyObject *missing, *res; _Py_IDENTIFIER(__missing__); missing = _PyObject_LookupSpecial((PyObject *)mp, &PyId___missing__); if (missing != NULL) { res = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(missing, key, NULL); Py_DECREF(missing); return res; } else if (PyErr_Occurred()) return NULL; } _PyErr_SetKeyError(key); return NULL; } Py_INCREF(value); return value; } static int dict_ass_sub(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *v, PyObject *w) { if (w == NULL) return PyDict_DelItem((PyObject *)mp, v); else return PyDict_SetItem((PyObject *)mp, v, w); } static PyMappingMethods dict_as_mapping = { (lenfunc)dict_length, /*mp_length*/ (binaryfunc)dict_subscript, /*mp_subscript*/ (objobjargproc)dict_ass_sub, /*mp_ass_subscript*/ }; static PyObject * dict_keys(PyDictObject *mp) { PyObject *v; Py_ssize_t i, j; PyDictKeyEntry *ep; Py_ssize_t size, n, offset; PyObject **value_ptr; again: n = mp->ma_used; v = PyList_New(n); if (v == NULL) return NULL; if (n != mp->ma_used) { /* Durnit. The allocations caused the dict to resize. * Just start over, this shouldn't normally happen. */ Py_DECREF(v); goto again; } ep = DK_ENTRIES(mp->ma_keys); size = mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries; if (mp->ma_values) { value_ptr = mp->ma_values; offset = sizeof(PyObject *); } else { value_ptr = &ep[0].me_value; offset = sizeof(PyDictKeyEntry); } for (i = 0, j = 0; i < size; i++) { if (*value_ptr != NULL) { PyObject *key = ep[i].me_key; Py_INCREF(key); PyList_SET_ITEM(v, j, key); j++; } value_ptr = (PyObject **)(((char *)value_ptr) + offset); } assert(j == n); return v; } static PyObject * dict_values(PyDictObject *mp) { PyObject *v; Py_ssize_t i, j; PyDictKeyEntry *ep; Py_ssize_t size, n, offset; PyObject **value_ptr; again: n = mp->ma_used; v = PyList_New(n); if (v == NULL) return NULL; if (n != mp->ma_used) { /* Durnit. The allocations caused the dict to resize. * Just start over, this shouldn't normally happen. */ Py_DECREF(v); goto again; } ep = DK_ENTRIES(mp->ma_keys); size = mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries; if (mp->ma_values) { value_ptr = mp->ma_values; offset = sizeof(PyObject *); } else { value_ptr = &ep[0].me_value; offset = sizeof(PyDictKeyEntry); } for (i = 0, j = 0; i < size; i++) { PyObject *value = *value_ptr; value_ptr = (PyObject **)(((char *)value_ptr) + offset); if (value != NULL) { Py_INCREF(value); PyList_SET_ITEM(v, j, value); j++; } } assert(j == n); return v; } static PyObject * dict_items(PyDictObject *mp) { PyObject *v; Py_ssize_t i, j, n; Py_ssize_t size, offset; PyObject *item, *key; PyDictKeyEntry *ep; PyObject **value_ptr; /* Preallocate the list of tuples, to avoid allocations during * the loop over the items, which could trigger GC, which * could resize the dict. :-( */ again: n = mp->ma_used; v = PyList_New(n); if (v == NULL) return NULL; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { item = PyTuple_New(2); if (item == NULL) { Py_DECREF(v); return NULL; } PyList_SET_ITEM(v, i, item); } if (n != mp->ma_used) { /* Durnit. The allocations caused the dict to resize. * Just start over, this shouldn't normally happen. */ Py_DECREF(v); goto again; } /* Nothing we do below makes any function calls. */ ep = DK_ENTRIES(mp->ma_keys); size = mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries; if (mp->ma_values) { value_ptr = mp->ma_values; offset = sizeof(PyObject *); } else { value_ptr = &ep[0].me_value; offset = sizeof(PyDictKeyEntry); } for (i = 0, j = 0; i < size; i++) { PyObject *value = *value_ptr; value_ptr = (PyObject **)(((char *)value_ptr) + offset); if (value != NULL) { key = ep[i].me_key; item = PyList_GET_ITEM(v, j); Py_INCREF(key); PyTuple_SET_ITEM(item, 0, key); Py_INCREF(value); PyTuple_SET_ITEM(item, 1, value); j++; } } assert(j == n); return v; } /*[clinic input] @classmethod dict.fromkeys iterable: object value: object=None / Create a new dictionary with keys from iterable and values set to value. [clinic start generated code]*/ static PyObject * dict_fromkeys_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *iterable, PyObject *value) /*[clinic end generated code: output=8fb98e4b10384999 input=382ba4855d0f74c3]*/ { return _PyDict_FromKeys((PyObject *)type, iterable, value); } static int dict_update_common(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds, const char *methname) { PyObject *arg = NULL; int result = 0; if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, methname, 0, 1, &arg)) { result = -1; } else if (arg != NULL) { _Py_IDENTIFIER(keys); PyObject *func; if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(arg, &PyId_keys, &func) < 0) { result = -1; } else if (func != NULL) { Py_DECREF(func); result = PyDict_Merge(self, arg, 1); } else { result = PyDict_MergeFromSeq2(self, arg, 1); } } if (result == 0 && kwds != NULL) { if (PyArg_ValidateKeywordArguments(kwds)) result = PyDict_Merge(self, kwds, 1); else result = -1; } return result; } /* Note: dict.update() uses the METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS calling convention. Using METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS would make dict.update(**dict2) calls slower, see the issue #29312. */ static PyObject * dict_update(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds) { if (dict_update_common(self, args, kwds, "update") != -1) Py_RETURN_NONE; return NULL; } /* Update unconditionally replaces existing items. Merge has a 3rd argument 'override'; if set, it acts like Update, otherwise it leaves existing items unchanged. PyDict_{Update,Merge} update/merge from a mapping object. PyDict_MergeFromSeq2 updates/merges from any iterable object producing iterable objects of length 2. */ int PyDict_MergeFromSeq2(PyObject *d, PyObject *seq2, int override) { PyObject *it; /* iter(seq2) */ Py_ssize_t i; /* index into seq2 of current element */ PyObject *item; /* seq2[i] */ PyObject *fast; /* item as a 2-tuple or 2-list */ assert(d != NULL); assert(PyDict_Check(d)); assert(seq2 != NULL); it = PyObject_GetIter(seq2); if (it == NULL) return -1; for (i = 0; ; ++i) { PyObject *key, *value; Py_ssize_t n; fast = NULL; item = PyIter_Next(it); if (item == NULL) { if (PyErr_Occurred()) goto Fail; break; } /* Convert item to sequence, and verify length 2. */ fast = PySequence_Fast(item, ""); if (fast == NULL) { if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_TypeError)) PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "cannot convert dictionary update " "sequence element #%zd to a sequence", i); goto Fail; } n = PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE(fast); if (n != 2) { PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "dictionary update sequence element #%zd " "has length %zd; 2 is required", i, n); goto Fail; } /* Update/merge with this (key, value) pair. */ key = PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(fast, 0); value = PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(fast, 1); Py_INCREF(key); Py_INCREF(value); if (override || PyDict_GetItem(d, key) == NULL) { int status = PyDict_SetItem(d, key, value); if (status < 0) { Py_DECREF(key); Py_DECREF(value); goto Fail; } } Py_DECREF(key); Py_DECREF(value); Py_DECREF(fast); Py_DECREF(item); } i = 0; assert(_PyDict_CheckConsistency((PyDictObject *)d)); goto Return; Fail: Py_XDECREF(item); Py_XDECREF(fast); i = -1; Return: Py_DECREF(it); return Py_SAFE_DOWNCAST(i, Py_ssize_t, int); } static int dict_merge(PyObject *a, PyObject *b, int override) { PyDictObject *mp, *other; Py_ssize_t i, n; PyDictKeyEntry *entry, *ep0; assert(0 <= override && override <= 2); /* We accept for the argument either a concrete dictionary object, * or an abstract "mapping" object. For the former, we can do * things quite efficiently. For the latter, we only require that * PyMapping_Keys() and PyObject_GetItem() be supported. */ if (a == NULL || !PyDict_Check(a) || b == NULL) { PyErr_BadInternalCall(); return -1; } mp = (PyDictObject*)a; if (PyDict_Check(b) && (Py_TYPE(b)->tp_iter == (getiterfunc)dict_iter)) { other = (PyDictObject*)b; if (other == mp || other->ma_used == 0) /* a.update(a) or a.update({}); nothing to do */ return 0; if (mp->ma_used == 0) /* Since the target dict is empty, PyDict_GetItem() * always returns NULL. Setting override to 1 * skips the unnecessary test. */ override = 1; /* Do one big resize at the start, rather than * incrementally resizing as we insert new items. Expect * that there will be no (or few) overlapping keys. */ if (USABLE_FRACTION(mp->ma_keys->dk_size) < other->ma_used) { if (dictresize(mp, ESTIMATE_SIZE(mp->ma_used + other->ma_used))) { return -1; } } ep0 = DK_ENTRIES(other->ma_keys); for (i = 0, n = other->ma_keys->dk_nentries; i < n; i++) { PyObject *key, *value; Py_hash_t hash; entry = &ep0[i]; key = entry->me_key; hash = entry->me_hash; if (other->ma_values) value = other->ma_values[i]; else value = entry->me_value; if (value != NULL) { int err = 0; Py_INCREF(key); Py_INCREF(value); if (override == 1) err = insertdict(mp, key, hash, value); else if (_PyDict_GetItem_KnownHash(a, key, hash) == NULL) { if (PyErr_Occurred()) { Py_DECREF(value); Py_DECREF(key); return -1; } err = insertdict(mp, key, hash, value); } else if (override != 0) { _PyErr_SetKeyError(key); Py_DECREF(value); Py_DECREF(key); return -1; } Py_DECREF(value); Py_DECREF(key); if (err != 0) return -1; if (n != other->ma_keys->dk_nentries) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "dict mutated during update"); return -1; } } } } else { /* Do it the generic, slower way */ PyObject *keys = PyMapping_Keys(b); PyObject *iter; PyObject *key, *value; int status; if (keys == NULL) /* Docstring says this is equivalent to E.keys() so * if E doesn't have a .keys() method we want * AttributeError to percolate up. Might as well * do the same for any other error. */ return -1; iter = PyObject_GetIter(keys); Py_DECREF(keys); if (iter == NULL) return -1; for (key = PyIter_Next(iter); key; key = PyIter_Next(iter)) { if (override != 1 && PyDict_GetItem(a, key) != NULL) { if (override != 0) { _PyErr_SetKeyError(key); Py_DECREF(key); Py_DECREF(iter); return -1; } Py_DECREF(key); continue; } value = PyObject_GetItem(b, key); if (value == NULL) { Py_DECREF(iter); Py_DECREF(key); return -1; } status = PyDict_SetItem(a, key, value); Py_DECREF(key); Py_DECREF(value); if (status < 0) { Py_DECREF(iter); return -1; } } Py_DECREF(iter); if (PyErr_Occurred()) /* Iterator completed, via error */ return -1; } assert(_PyDict_CheckConsistency((PyDictObject *)a)); return 0; } int PyDict_Update(PyObject *a, PyObject *b) { return dict_merge(a, b, 1); } int PyDict_Merge(PyObject *a, PyObject *b, int override) { /* XXX Deprecate override not in (0, 1). */ return dict_merge(a, b, override != 0); } int _PyDict_MergeEx(PyObject *a, PyObject *b, int override) { return dict_merge(a, b, override); } static PyObject * dict_copy(PyDictObject *mp) { return PyDict_Copy((PyObject*)mp); } PyObject * PyDict_Copy(PyObject *o) { PyObject *copy; PyDictObject *mp; Py_ssize_t i, n; if (o == NULL || !PyDict_Check(o)) { PyErr_BadInternalCall(); return NULL; } mp = (PyDictObject *)o; if (mp->ma_used == 0) { /* The dict is empty; just return a new dict. */ return PyDict_New(); } if (_PyDict_HasSplitTable(mp)) { PyDictObject *split_copy; Py_ssize_t size = USABLE_FRACTION(DK_SIZE(mp->ma_keys)); PyObject **newvalues; newvalues = new_values(size); if (newvalues == NULL) return PyErr_NoMemory(); split_copy = PyObject_GC_New(PyDictObject, &PyDict_Type); if (split_copy == NULL) { free_values(newvalues); return NULL; } split_copy->ma_values = newvalues; split_copy->ma_keys = mp->ma_keys; split_copy->ma_used = mp->ma_used; split_copy->ma_version_tag = DICT_NEXT_VERSION(); DK_INCREF(mp->ma_keys); for (i = 0, n = size; i < n; i++) { PyObject *value = mp->ma_values[i]; Py_XINCREF(value); split_copy->ma_values[i] = value; } if (_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(mp)) _PyObject_GC_TRACK(split_copy); return (PyObject *)split_copy; } if (PyDict_CheckExact(mp) && mp->ma_values == NULL && (mp->ma_used >= (mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries * 2) / 3)) { /* Use fast-copy if: (1) 'mp' is an instance of a subclassed dict; and (2) 'mp' is not a split-dict; and (3) if 'mp' is non-compact ('del' operation does not resize dicts), do fast-copy only if it has at most 1/3 non-used keys. The last condition (3) is important to guard against a pathological case when a large dict is almost emptied with multiple del/pop operations and copied after that. In cases like this, we defer to PyDict_Merge, which produces a compacted copy. */ return clone_combined_dict(mp); } copy = PyDict_New(); if (copy == NULL) return NULL; if (PyDict_Merge(copy, o, 1) == 0) return copy; Py_DECREF(copy); return NULL; } Py_ssize_t PyDict_Size(PyObject *mp) { if (mp == NULL || !PyDict_Check(mp)) { PyErr_BadInternalCall(); return -1; } return ((PyDictObject *)mp)->ma_used; } PyObject * PyDict_Keys(PyObject *mp) { if (mp == NULL || !PyDict_Check(mp)) { PyErr_BadInternalCall(); return NULL; } return dict_keys((PyDictObject *)mp); } PyObject * PyDict_Values(PyObject *mp) { if (mp == NULL || !PyDict_Check(mp)) { PyErr_BadInternalCall(); return NULL; } return dict_values((PyDictObject *)mp); } PyObject * PyDict_Items(PyObject *mp) { if (mp == NULL || !PyDict_Check(mp)) { PyErr_BadInternalCall(); return NULL; } return dict_items((PyDictObject *)mp); } /* Return 1 if dicts equal, 0 if not, -1 if error. * Gets out as soon as any difference is detected. * Uses only Py_EQ comparison. */ static int dict_equal(PyDictObject *a, PyDictObject *b) { Py_ssize_t i; if (a->ma_used != b->ma_used) /* can't be equal if # of entries differ */ return 0; /* Same # of entries -- check all of 'em. Exit early on any diff. */ for (i = 0; i < a->ma_keys->dk_nentries; i++) { PyDictKeyEntry *ep = &DK_ENTRIES(a->ma_keys)[i]; PyObject *aval; if (a->ma_values) aval = a->ma_values[i]; else aval = ep->me_value; if (aval != NULL) { int cmp; PyObject *bval; PyObject *key = ep->me_key; /* temporarily bump aval's refcount to ensure it stays alive until we're done with it */ Py_INCREF(aval); /* ditto for key */ Py_INCREF(key); /* reuse the known hash value */ b->ma_keys->dk_lookup(b, key, ep->me_hash, &bval); if (bval == NULL) { Py_DECREF(key); Py_DECREF(aval); if (PyErr_Occurred()) return -1; return 0; } Py_INCREF(bval); cmp = PyObject_RichCompareBool(aval, bval, Py_EQ); Py_DECREF(key); Py_DECREF(aval); Py_DECREF(bval); if (cmp <= 0) /* error or not equal */ return cmp; } } return 1; } static PyObject * dict_richcompare(PyObject *v, PyObject *w, int op) { int cmp; PyObject *res; if (!PyDict_Check(v) || !PyDict_Check(w)) { res = Py_NotImplemented; } else if (op == Py_EQ || op == Py_NE) { cmp = dict_equal((PyDictObject *)v, (PyDictObject *)w); if (cmp < 0) return NULL; res = (cmp == (op == Py_EQ)) ? Py_True : Py_False; } else res = Py_NotImplemented; Py_INCREF(res); return res; } /*[clinic input] @coexist dict.__contains__ key: object / True if the dictionary has the specified key, else False. [clinic start generated code]*/ static PyObject * dict___contains__(PyDictObject *self, PyObject *key) /*[clinic end generated code: output=a3d03db709ed6e6b input=fe1cb42ad831e820]*/ { register PyDictObject *mp = self; Py_hash_t hash; Py_ssize_t ix; PyObject *value; if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) || (hash = ((PyASCIIObject *) key)->hash) == -1) { hash = PyObject_Hash(key); if (hash == -1) return NULL; } ix = (mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup)(mp, key, hash, &value); if (ix == DKIX_ERROR) return NULL; if (ix == DKIX_EMPTY || value == NULL) Py_RETURN_FALSE; Py_RETURN_TRUE; } /*[clinic input] dict.get key: object default: object = None / Return the value for key if key is in the dictionary, else default. [clinic start generated code]*/ static PyObject * dict_get_impl(PyDictObject *self, PyObject *key, PyObject *default_value) /*[clinic end generated code: output=bba707729dee05bf input=279ddb5790b6b107]*/ { PyObject *val = NULL; Py_hash_t hash; Py_ssize_t ix; if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) || (hash = ((PyASCIIObject *) key)->hash) == -1) { hash = PyObject_Hash(key); if (hash == -1) return NULL; } ix = (self->ma_keys->dk_lookup) (self, key, hash, &val); if (ix == DKIX_ERROR) return NULL; if (ix == DKIX_EMPTY || val == NULL) { val = default_value; } Py_INCREF(val); return val; } PyObject * PyDict_SetDefault(PyObject *d, PyObject *key, PyObject *defaultobj) { PyDictObject *mp = (PyDictObject *)d; PyObject *value; Py_hash_t hash; if (!PyDict_Check(d)) { PyErr_BadInternalCall(); return NULL; } if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) || (hash = ((PyASCIIObject *) key)->hash) == -1) { hash = PyObject_Hash(key); if (hash == -1) return NULL; } if (mp->ma_values != NULL && !PyUnicode_CheckExact(key)) { if (insertion_resize(mp) < 0) return NULL; } Py_ssize_t ix = (mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup)(mp, key, hash, &value); if (ix == DKIX_ERROR) return NULL; if (_PyDict_HasSplitTable(mp) && ((ix >= 0 && value == NULL && mp->ma_used != ix) || (ix == DKIX_EMPTY && mp->ma_used != mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries))) { if (insertion_resize(mp) < 0) { return NULL; } ix = DKIX_EMPTY; } if (ix == DKIX_EMPTY) { PyDictKeyEntry *ep, *ep0; value = defaultobj; if (mp->ma_keys->dk_usable <= 0) { if (insertion_resize(mp) < 0) { return NULL; } } Py_ssize_t hashpos = find_empty_slot(mp->ma_keys, hash); ep0 = DK_ENTRIES(mp->ma_keys); ep = &ep0[mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries]; dk_set_index(mp->ma_keys, hashpos, mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries); Py_INCREF(key); Py_INCREF(value); MAINTAIN_TRACKING(mp, key, value); ep->me_key = key; ep->me_hash = hash; if (_PyDict_HasSplitTable(mp)) { assert(mp->ma_values[mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries] == NULL); mp->ma_values[mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries] = value; } else { ep->me_value = value; } mp->ma_used++; mp->ma_version_tag = DICT_NEXT_VERSION(); mp->ma_keys->dk_usable--; mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries++; assert(mp->ma_keys->dk_usable >= 0); } else if (value == NULL) { value = defaultobj; assert(_PyDict_HasSplitTable(mp)); assert(ix == mp->ma_used); Py_INCREF(value); MAINTAIN_TRACKING(mp, key, value); mp->ma_values[ix] = value; mp->ma_used++; mp->ma_version_tag = DICT_NEXT_VERSION(); } assert(_PyDict_CheckConsistency(mp)); return value; } /*[clinic input] dict.setdefault key: object default: object = None / Insert key with a value of default if key is not in the dictionary. Return the value for key if key is in the dictionary, else default. [clinic start generated code]*/ static PyObject * dict_setdefault_impl(PyDictObject *self, PyObject *key, PyObject *default_value) /*[clinic end generated code: output=f8c1101ebf69e220 input=0f063756e815fd9d]*/ { PyObject *val; val = PyDict_SetDefault((PyObject *)self, key, default_value); Py_XINCREF(val); return val; } static PyObject * dict_clear(PyDictObject *mp) { PyDict_Clear((PyObject *)mp); Py_RETURN_NONE; } static PyObject * dict_pop(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *args) { PyObject *key, *deflt = NULL; if(!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "pop", 1, 2, &key, &deflt)) return NULL; return _PyDict_Pop((PyObject*)mp, key, deflt); } static PyObject * dict_popitem(PyDictObject *mp) { Py_ssize_t i, j; PyDictKeyEntry *ep0, *ep; PyObject *res; /* Allocate the result tuple before checking the size. Believe it * or not, this allocation could trigger a garbage collection which * could empty the dict, so if we checked the size first and that * happened, the result would be an infinite loop (searching for an * entry that no longer exists). Note that the usual popitem() * idiom is "while d: k, v = d.popitem()". so needing to throw the * tuple away if the dict *is* empty isn't a significant * inefficiency -- possible, but unlikely in practice. */ res = PyTuple_New(2); if (res == NULL) return NULL; if (mp->ma_used == 0) { Py_DECREF(res); PyErr_SetString(PyExc_KeyError, "popitem(): dictionary is empty"); return NULL; } /* Convert split table to combined table */ if (mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup == lookdict_split) { if (dictresize(mp, DK_SIZE(mp->ma_keys))) { Py_DECREF(res); return NULL; } } ENSURE_ALLOWS_DELETIONS(mp); /* Pop last item */ ep0 = DK_ENTRIES(mp->ma_keys); i = mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries - 1; while (i >= 0 && ep0[i].me_value == NULL) { i--; } assert(i >= 0); ep = &ep0[i]; j = lookdict_index(mp->ma_keys, ep->me_hash, i); assert(j >= 0); assert(dk_get_index(mp->ma_keys, j) == i); dk_set_index(mp->ma_keys, j, DKIX_DUMMY); PyTuple_SET_ITEM(res, 0, ep->me_key); PyTuple_SET_ITEM(res, 1, ep->me_value); ep->me_key = NULL; ep->me_value = NULL; /* We can't dk_usable++ since there is DKIX_DUMMY in indices */ mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries = i; mp->ma_used--; mp->ma_version_tag = DICT_NEXT_VERSION(); assert(_PyDict_CheckConsistency(mp)); return res; } static int dict_traverse(PyObject *op, visitproc visit, void *arg) { PyDictObject *mp = (PyDictObject *)op; PyDictKeysObject *keys = mp->ma_keys; PyDictKeyEntry *entries = DK_ENTRIES(keys); Py_ssize_t i, n = keys->dk_nentries; if (keys->dk_lookup == lookdict) { for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { if (entries[i].me_value != NULL) { Py_VISIT(entries[i].me_value); Py_VISIT(entries[i].me_key); } } } else { if (mp->ma_values != NULL) { for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { Py_VISIT(mp->ma_values[i]); } } else { for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { Py_VISIT(entries[i].me_value); } } } return 0; } static int dict_tp_clear(PyObject *op) { PyDict_Clear(op); return 0; } static PyObject *dictiter_new(PyDictObject *, PyTypeObject *); Py_ssize_t _PyDict_SizeOf(PyDictObject *mp) { Py_ssize_t size, usable, res; size = DK_SIZE(mp->ma_keys); usable = USABLE_FRACTION(size); res = _PyObject_SIZE(Py_TYPE(mp)); if (mp->ma_values) res += usable * sizeof(PyObject*); /* If the dictionary is split, the keys portion is accounted-for in the type object. */ if (mp->ma_keys->dk_refcnt == 1) res += (sizeof(PyDictKeysObject) + DK_IXSIZE(mp->ma_keys) * size + sizeof(PyDictKeyEntry) * usable); return res; } Py_ssize_t _PyDict_KeysSize(PyDictKeysObject *keys) { return (sizeof(PyDictKeysObject) + DK_IXSIZE(keys) * DK_SIZE(keys) + USABLE_FRACTION(DK_SIZE(keys)) * sizeof(PyDictKeyEntry)); } static PyObject * dict_sizeof(PyDictObject *mp) { return PyLong_FromSsize_t(_PyDict_SizeOf(mp)); } PyDoc_STRVAR(getitem__doc__, "x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]"); PyDoc_STRVAR(sizeof__doc__, "D.__sizeof__() -> size of D in memory, in bytes"); PyDoc_STRVAR(pop__doc__, "D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.\n\ If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised"); PyDoc_STRVAR(popitem__doc__, "D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a\n\ 2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty."); PyDoc_STRVAR(update__doc__, "D.update([E, ]**F) -> None. Update D from dict/iterable E and F.\n\ If E is present and has a .keys() method, then does: for k in E: D[k] = E[k]\n\ If E is present and lacks a .keys() method, then does: for k, v in E: D[k] = v\n\ In either case, this is followed by: for k in F: D[k] = F[k]"); PyDoc_STRVAR(clear__doc__, "D.clear() -> None. Remove all items from D."); PyDoc_STRVAR(copy__doc__, "D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D"); /* Forward */ static PyObject *dictkeys_new(PyObject *); static PyObject *dictitems_new(PyObject *); static PyObject *dictvalues_new(PyObject *); PyDoc_STRVAR(keys__doc__, "D.keys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's keys"); PyDoc_STRVAR(items__doc__, "D.items() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's items"); PyDoc_STRVAR(values__doc__, "D.values() -> an object providing a view on D's values"); static PyMethodDef mapp_methods[] = { DICT___CONTAINS___METHODDEF {"__getitem__", (PyCFunction)dict_subscript, METH_O | METH_COEXIST, getitem__doc__}, {"__sizeof__", (PyCFunction)dict_sizeof, METH_NOARGS, sizeof__doc__}, DICT_GET_METHODDEF DICT_SETDEFAULT_METHODDEF {"pop", (PyCFunction)dict_pop, METH_VARARGS, pop__doc__}, {"popitem", (PyCFunction)dict_popitem, METH_NOARGS, popitem__doc__}, {"keys", (PyCFunction)dictkeys_new, METH_NOARGS, keys__doc__}, {"items", (PyCFunction)dictitems_new, METH_NOARGS, items__doc__}, {"values", (PyCFunction)dictvalues_new, METH_NOARGS, values__doc__}, {"update", (PyCFunction)dict_update, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, update__doc__}, DICT_FROMKEYS_METHODDEF {"clear", (PyCFunction)dict_clear, METH_NOARGS, clear__doc__}, {"copy", (PyCFunction)dict_copy, METH_NOARGS, copy__doc__}, {NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */ }; /* Return 1 if `key` is in dict `op`, 0 if not, and -1 on error. */ int PyDict_Contains(PyObject *op, PyObject *key) { Py_hash_t hash; Py_ssize_t ix; PyDictObject *mp = (PyDictObject *)op; PyObject *value; if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) || (hash = ((PyASCIIObject *) key)->hash) == -1) { hash = PyObject_Hash(key); if (hash == -1) return -1; } ix = (mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup)(mp, key, hash, &value); if (ix == DKIX_ERROR) return -1; return (ix != DKIX_EMPTY && value != NULL); } /* Internal version of PyDict_Contains used when the hash value is already known */ int _PyDict_Contains(PyObject *op, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash) { PyDictObject *mp = (PyDictObject *)op; PyObject *value; Py_ssize_t ix; ix = (mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup)(mp, key, hash, &value); if (ix == DKIX_ERROR) return -1; return (ix != DKIX_EMPTY && value != NULL); } /* Hack to implement "key in dict" */ static PySequenceMethods dict_as_sequence = { 0, /* sq_length */ 0, /* sq_concat */ 0, /* sq_repeat */ 0, /* sq_item */ 0, /* sq_slice */ 0, /* sq_ass_item */ 0, /* sq_ass_slice */ PyDict_Contains, /* sq_contains */ 0, /* sq_inplace_concat */ 0, /* sq_inplace_repeat */ }; static PyObject * dict_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds) { PyObject *self; PyDictObject *d; assert(type != NULL && type->tp_alloc != NULL); self = type->tp_alloc(type, 0); if (self == NULL) return NULL; d = (PyDictObject *)self; /* The object has been implicitly tracked by tp_alloc */ if (type == &PyDict_Type) _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(d); d->ma_used = 0; d->ma_version_tag = DICT_NEXT_VERSION(); d->ma_keys = new_keys_object(PyDict_MINSIZE); if (d->ma_keys == NULL) { Py_DECREF(self); return NULL; } assert(_PyDict_CheckConsistency(d)); return self; } static int dict_init(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds) { return dict_update_common(self, args, kwds, "dict"); } static PyObject * dict_iter(PyDictObject *dict) { return dictiter_new(dict, &PyDictIterKey_Type); } PyDoc_STRVAR(dictionary_doc, "dict() -> new empty dictionary\n" "dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's\n" " (key, value) pairs\n" "dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:\n" " d = {}\n" " for k, v in iterable:\n" " d[k] = v\n" "dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs\n" " in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one=1, two=2)"); PyTypeObject PyDict_Type = { PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0) "dict", sizeof(PyDictObject), 0, (destructor)dict_dealloc, /* tp_dealloc */ 0, /* tp_print */ 0, /* tp_getattr */ 0, /* tp_setattr */ 0, /* tp_reserved */ (reprfunc)dict_repr, /* tp_repr */ 0, /* tp_as_number */ &dict_as_sequence, /* tp_as_sequence */ &dict_as_mapping, /* tp_as_mapping */ PyObject_HashNotImplemented, /* tp_hash */ 0, /* tp_call */ 0, /* tp_str */ PyObject_GenericGetAttr, /* tp_getattro */ 0, /* tp_setattro */ 0, /* tp_as_buffer */ Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_DICT_SUBCLASS, /* tp_flags */ dictionary_doc, /* tp_doc */ dict_traverse, /* tp_traverse */ dict_tp_clear, /* tp_clear */ dict_richcompare, /* tp_richcompare */ 0, /* tp_weaklistoffset */ (getiterfunc)dict_iter, /* tp_iter */ 0, /* tp_iternext */ mapp_methods, /* tp_methods */ 0, /* tp_members */ 0, /* tp_getset */ 0, /* tp_base */ 0, /* tp_dict */ 0, /* tp_descr_get */ 0, /* tp_descr_set */ 0, /* tp_dictoffset */ dict_init, /* tp_init */ PyType_GenericAlloc, /* tp_alloc */ dict_new, /* tp_new */ PyObject_GC_Del, /* tp_free */ }; PyObject * _PyDict_GetItemId(PyObject *dp, struct _Py_Identifier *key) { PyObject *kv; kv = _PyUnicode_FromId(key); /* borrowed */ if (kv == NULL) { PyErr_Clear(); return NULL; } return PyDict_GetItem(dp, kv); } /* For backward compatibility with old dictionary interface */ PyObject * PyDict_GetItemString(PyObject *v, const char *key) { PyObject *kv, *rv; kv = PyUnicode_FromString(key); if (kv == NULL) { PyErr_Clear(); return NULL; } rv = PyDict_GetItem(v, kv); Py_DECREF(kv); return rv; } int _PyDict_SetItemId(PyObject *v, struct _Py_Identifier *key, PyObject *item) { PyObject *kv; kv = _PyUnicode_FromId(key); /* borrowed */ if (kv == NULL) return -1; return PyDict_SetItem(v, kv, item); } int PyDict_SetItemString(PyObject *v, const char *key, PyObject *item) { PyObject *kv; int err; kv = PyUnicode_FromString(key); if (kv == NULL) return -1; PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&kv); /* XXX Should we really? */ err = PyDict_SetItem(v, kv, item); Py_DECREF(kv); return err; } int _PyDict_DelItemId(PyObject *v, _Py_Identifier *key) { PyObject *kv = _PyUnicode_FromId(key); /* borrowed */ if (kv == NULL) return -1; return PyDict_DelItem(v, kv); } int PyDict_DelItemString(PyObject *v, const char *key) { PyObject *kv; int err; kv = PyUnicode_FromString(key); if (kv == NULL) return -1; err = PyDict_DelItem(v, kv); Py_DECREF(kv); return err; } /* Dictionary iterator types */ typedef struct { PyObject_HEAD PyDictObject *di_dict; /* Set to NULL when iterator is exhausted */ Py_ssize_t di_used; Py_ssize_t di_pos; PyObject* di_result; /* reusable result tuple for iteritems */ Py_ssize_t len; } dictiterobject; static PyObject * dictiter_new(PyDictObject *dict, PyTypeObject *itertype) { dictiterobject *di; di = PyObject_GC_New(dictiterobject, itertype); if (di == NULL) return NULL; Py_INCREF(dict); di->di_dict = dict; di->di_used = dict->ma_used; di->di_pos = 0; di->len = dict->ma_used; if (itertype == &PyDictIterItem_Type) { di->di_result = PyTuple_Pack(2, Py_None, Py_None); if (di->di_result == NULL) { Py_DECREF(di); return NULL; } } else di->di_result = NULL; _PyObject_GC_TRACK(di); return (PyObject *)di; } static void dictiter_dealloc(dictiterobject *di) { /* bpo-31095: UnTrack is needed before calling any callbacks */ _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(di); Py_XDECREF(di->di_dict); Py_XDECREF(di->di_result); PyObject_GC_Del(di); } static int dictiter_traverse(dictiterobject *di, visitproc visit, void *arg) { Py_VISIT(di->di_dict); Py_VISIT(di->di_result); return 0; } static PyObject * dictiter_len(dictiterobject *di) { Py_ssize_t len = 0; if (di->di_dict != NULL && di->di_used == di->di_dict->ma_used) len = di->len; return PyLong_FromSize_t(len); } PyDoc_STRVAR(length_hint_doc, "Private method returning an estimate of len(list(it))."); static PyObject * dictiter_reduce(dictiterobject *di); PyDoc_STRVAR(reduce_doc, "Return state information for pickling."); static PyMethodDef dictiter_methods[] = { {"__length_hint__", (PyCFunction)dictiter_len, METH_NOARGS, length_hint_doc}, {"__reduce__", (PyCFunction)dictiter_reduce, METH_NOARGS, reduce_doc}, {NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */ }; static PyObject* dictiter_iternextkey(dictiterobject *di) { PyObject *key; Py_ssize_t i; PyDictKeysObject *k; PyDictObject *d = di->di_dict; if (d == NULL) return NULL; assert (PyDict_Check(d)); if (di->di_used != d->ma_used) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "dictionary changed size during iteration"); di->di_used = -1; /* Make this state sticky */ return NULL; } i = di->di_pos; k = d->ma_keys; assert(i >= 0); if (d->ma_values) { if (i >= d->ma_used) goto fail; key = DK_ENTRIES(k)[i].me_key; assert(d->ma_values[i] != NULL); } else { Py_ssize_t n = k->dk_nentries; PyDictKeyEntry *entry_ptr = &DK_ENTRIES(k)[i]; while (i < n && entry_ptr->me_value == NULL) { entry_ptr++; i++; } if (i >= n) goto fail; key = entry_ptr->me_key; } di->di_pos = i+1; di->len--; Py_INCREF(key); return key; fail: di->di_dict = NULL; Py_DECREF(d); return NULL; } PyTypeObject PyDictIterKey_Type = { PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0) "dict_keyiterator", /* tp_name */ sizeof(dictiterobject), /* tp_basicsize */ 0, /* tp_itemsize */ /* methods */ (destructor)dictiter_dealloc, /* tp_dealloc */ 0, /* tp_print */ 0, /* tp_getattr */ 0, /* tp_setattr */ 0, /* tp_reserved */ 0, /* tp_repr */ 0, /* tp_as_number */ 0, /* tp_as_sequence */ 0, /* tp_as_mapping */ 0, /* tp_hash */ 0, /* tp_call */ 0, /* tp_str */ PyObject_GenericGetAttr, /* tp_getattro */ 0, /* tp_setattro */ 0, /* tp_as_buffer */ Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,/* tp_flags */ 0, /* tp_doc */ (traverseproc)dictiter_traverse, /* tp_traverse */ 0, /* tp_clear */ 0, /* tp_richcompare */ 0, /* tp_weaklistoffset */ PyObject_SelfIter, /* tp_iter */ (iternextfunc)dictiter_iternextkey, /* tp_iternext */ dictiter_methods, /* tp_methods */ 0, }; static PyObject * dictiter_iternextvalue(dictiterobject *di) { PyObject *value; Py_ssize_t i; PyDictObject *d = di->di_dict; if (d == NULL) return NULL; assert (PyDict_Check(d)); if (di->di_used != d->ma_used) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "dictionary changed size during iteration"); di->di_used = -1; /* Make this state sticky */ return NULL; } i = di->di_pos; assert(i >= 0); if (d->ma_values) { if (i >= d->ma_used) goto fail; value = d->ma_values[i]; assert(value != NULL); } else { Py_ssize_t n = d->ma_keys->dk_nentries; PyDictKeyEntry *entry_ptr = &DK_ENTRIES(d->ma_keys)[i]; while (i < n && entry_ptr->me_value == NULL) { entry_ptr++; i++; } if (i >= n) goto fail; value = entry_ptr->me_value; } di->di_pos = i+1; di->len--; Py_INCREF(value); return value; fail: di->di_dict = NULL; Py_DECREF(d); return NULL; } PyTypeObject PyDictIterValue_Type = { PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0) "dict_valueiterator", /* tp_name */ sizeof(dictiterobject), /* tp_basicsize */ 0, /* tp_itemsize */ /* methods */ (destructor)dictiter_dealloc, /* tp_dealloc */ 0, /* tp_print */ 0, /* tp_getattr */ 0, /* tp_setattr */ 0, /* tp_reserved */ 0, /* tp_repr */ 0, /* tp_as_number */ 0, /* tp_as_sequence */ 0, /* tp_as_mapping */ 0, /* tp_hash */ 0, /* tp_call */ 0, /* tp_str */ PyObject_GenericGetAttr, /* tp_getattro */ 0, /* tp_setattro */ 0, /* tp_as_buffer */ Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC, /* tp_flags */ 0, /* tp_doc */ (traverseproc)dictiter_traverse, /* tp_traverse */ 0, /* tp_clear */ 0, /* tp_richcompare */ 0, /* tp_weaklistoffset */ PyObject_SelfIter, /* tp_iter */ (iternextfunc)dictiter_iternextvalue, /* tp_iternext */ dictiter_methods, /* tp_methods */ 0, }; static PyObject * dictiter_iternextitem(dictiterobject *di) { PyObject *key, *value, *result; Py_ssize_t i; PyDictObject *d = di->di_dict; if (d == NULL) return NULL; assert (PyDict_Check(d)); if (di->di_used != d->ma_used) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "dictionary changed size during iteration"); di->di_used = -1; /* Make this state sticky */ return NULL; } i = di->di_pos; assert(i >= 0); if (d->ma_values) { if (i >= d->ma_used) goto fail; key = DK_ENTRIES(d->ma_keys)[i].me_key; value = d->ma_values[i]; assert(value != NULL); } else { Py_ssize_t n = d->ma_keys->dk_nentries; PyDictKeyEntry *entry_ptr = &DK_ENTRIES(d->ma_keys)[i]; while (i < n && entry_ptr->me_value == NULL) { entry_ptr++; i++; } if (i >= n) goto fail; key = entry_ptr->me_key; value = entry_ptr->me_value; } di->di_pos = i+1; di->len--; Py_INCREF(key); Py_INCREF(value); result = di->di_result; if (Py_REFCNT(result) == 1) { PyObject *oldkey = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(result, 0); PyObject *oldvalue = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(result, 1); PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, 0, key); /* steals reference */ PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, 1, value); /* steals reference */ Py_INCREF(result); Py_DECREF(oldkey); Py_DECREF(oldvalue); } else { result = PyTuple_New(2); if (result == NULL) return NULL; PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, 0, key); /* steals reference */ PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, 1, value); /* steals reference */ } return result; fail: di->di_dict = NULL; Py_DECREF(d); return NULL; } PyTypeObject PyDictIterItem_Type = { PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0) "dict_itemiterator", /* tp_name */ sizeof(dictiterobject), /* tp_basicsize */ 0, /* tp_itemsize */ /* methods */ (destructor)dictiter_dealloc, /* tp_dealloc */ 0, /* tp_print */ 0, /* tp_getattr */ 0, /* tp_setattr */ 0, /* tp_reserved */ 0, /* tp_repr */ 0, /* tp_as_number */ 0, /* tp_as_sequence */ 0, /* tp_as_mapping */ 0, /* tp_hash */ 0, /* tp_call */ 0, /* tp_str */ PyObject_GenericGetAttr, /* tp_getattro */ 0, /* tp_setattro */ 0, /* tp_as_buffer */ Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,/* tp_flags */ 0, /* tp_doc */ (traverseproc)dictiter_traverse, /* tp_traverse */ 0, /* tp_clear */ 0, /* tp_richcompare */ 0, /* tp_weaklistoffset */ PyObject_SelfIter, /* tp_iter */ (iternextfunc)dictiter_iternextitem, /* tp_iternext */ dictiter_methods, /* tp_methods */ 0, }; static PyObject * dictiter_reduce(dictiterobject *di) { PyObject *list; dictiterobject tmp; list = PyList_New(0); if (!list) return NULL; /* copy the itertor state */ tmp = *di; Py_XINCREF(tmp.di_dict); /* iterate the temporary into a list */ for(;;) { PyObject *element = 0; if (Py_TYPE(di) == &PyDictIterItem_Type) element = dictiter_iternextitem(&tmp); else if (Py_TYPE(di) == &PyDictIterKey_Type) element = dictiter_iternextkey(&tmp); else if (Py_TYPE(di) == &PyDictIterValue_Type) element = dictiter_iternextvalue(&tmp); else Py_UNREACHABLE(); if (element) { if (PyList_Append(list, element)) { Py_DECREF(element); Py_DECREF(list); Py_XDECREF(tmp.di_dict); return NULL; } Py_DECREF(element); } else break; } Py_XDECREF(tmp.di_dict); /* check for error */ if (tmp.di_dict != NULL) { /* we have an error */ Py_DECREF(list); return NULL; } return Py_BuildValue("N(N)", _PyObject_GetBuiltin("iter"), list); } /***********************************************/ /* View objects for keys(), items(), values(). */ /***********************************************/ /* The instance lay-out is the same for all three; but the type differs. */ static void dictview_dealloc(_PyDictViewObject *dv) { /* bpo-31095: UnTrack is needed before calling any callbacks */ _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(dv); Py_XDECREF(dv->dv_dict); PyObject_GC_Del(dv); } static int dictview_traverse(_PyDictViewObject *dv, visitproc visit, void *arg) { Py_VISIT(dv->dv_dict); return 0; } static Py_ssize_t dictview_len(_PyDictViewObject *dv) { Py_ssize_t len = 0; if (dv->dv_dict != NULL) len = dv->dv_dict->ma_used; return len; } PyObject * _PyDictView_New(PyObject *dict, PyTypeObject *type) { _PyDictViewObject *dv; if (dict == NULL) { PyErr_BadInternalCall(); return NULL; } if (!PyDict_Check(dict)) { /* XXX Get rid of this restriction later */ PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "%s() requires a dict argument, not '%s'", type->tp_name, dict->ob_type->tp_name); return NULL; } dv = PyObject_GC_New(_PyDictViewObject, type); if (dv == NULL) return NULL; Py_INCREF(dict); dv->dv_dict = (PyDictObject *)dict; _PyObject_GC_TRACK(dv); return (PyObject *)dv; } /* TODO(guido): The views objects are not complete: * support more set operations * support arbitrary mappings? - either these should be static or exported in dictobject.h - if public then they should probably be in builtins */ /* Return 1 if self is a subset of other, iterating over self; 0 if not; -1 if an error occurred. */ static int all_contained_in(PyObject *self, PyObject *other) { PyObject *iter = PyObject_GetIter(self); int ok = 1; if (iter == NULL) return -1; for (;;) { PyObject *next = PyIter_Next(iter); if (next == NULL) { if (PyErr_Occurred()) ok = -1; break; } ok = PySequence_Contains(other, next); Py_DECREF(next); if (ok <= 0) break; } Py_DECREF(iter); return ok; } static PyObject * dictview_richcompare(PyObject *self, PyObject *other, int op) { Py_ssize_t len_self, len_other; int ok; PyObject *result; assert(self != NULL); assert(PyDictViewSet_Check(self)); assert(other != NULL); if (!PyAnySet_Check(other) && !PyDictViewSet_Check(other)) Py_RETURN_NOTIMPLEMENTED; len_self = PyObject_Size(self); if (len_self < 0) return NULL; len_other = PyObject_Size(other); if (len_other < 0) return NULL; ok = 0; switch(op) { case Py_NE: case Py_EQ: if (len_self == len_other) ok = all_contained_in(self, other); if (op == Py_NE && ok >= 0) ok = !ok; break; case Py_LT: if (len_self < len_other) ok = all_contained_in(self, other); break; case Py_LE: if (len_self <= len_other) ok = all_contained_in(self, other); break; case Py_GT: if (len_self > len_other) ok = all_contained_in(other, self); break; case Py_GE: if (len_self >= len_other) ok = all_contained_in(other, self); break; } if (ok < 0) return NULL; result = ok ? Py_True : Py_False; Py_INCREF(result); return result; } static PyObject * dictview_repr(_PyDictViewObject *dv) { PyObject *seq; PyObject *result = NULL; Py_ssize_t rc; rc = Py_ReprEnter((PyObject *)dv); if (rc != 0) { return rc > 0 ? PyUnicode_FromString("...") : NULL; } seq = PySequence_List((PyObject *)dv); if (seq == NULL) { goto Done; } result = PyUnicode_FromFormat("%s(%R)", Py_TYPE(dv)->tp_name, seq); Py_DECREF(seq); Done: Py_ReprLeave((PyObject *)dv); return result; } /*** dict_keys ***/ static PyObject * dictkeys_iter(_PyDictViewObject *dv) { if (dv->dv_dict == NULL) { Py_RETURN_NONE; } return dictiter_new(dv->dv_dict, &PyDictIterKey_Type); } static int dictkeys_contains(_PyDictViewObject *dv, PyObject *obj) { if (dv->dv_dict == NULL) return 0; return PyDict_Contains((PyObject *)dv->dv_dict, obj); } static PySequenceMethods dictkeys_as_sequence = { (lenfunc)dictview_len, /* sq_length */ 0, /* sq_concat */ 0, /* sq_repeat */ 0, /* sq_item */ 0, /* sq_slice */ 0, /* sq_ass_item */ 0, /* sq_ass_slice */ (objobjproc)dictkeys_contains, /* sq_contains */ }; static PyObject* dictviews_sub(PyObject* self, PyObject *other) { PyObject *result = PySet_New(self); PyObject *tmp; _Py_IDENTIFIER(difference_update); if (result == NULL) return NULL; tmp = _PyObject_CallMethodIdObjArgs(result, &PyId_difference_update, other, NULL); if (tmp == NULL) { Py_DECREF(result); return NULL; } Py_DECREF(tmp); return result; } PyObject* _PyDictView_Intersect(PyObject* self, PyObject *other) { PyObject *result = PySet_New(self); PyObject *tmp; _Py_IDENTIFIER(intersection_update); if (result == NULL) return NULL; tmp = _PyObject_CallMethodIdObjArgs(result, &PyId_intersection_update, other, NULL); if (tmp == NULL) { Py_DECREF(result); return NULL; } Py_DECREF(tmp); return result; } static PyObject* dictviews_or(PyObject* self, PyObject *other) { PyObject *result = PySet_New(self); PyObject *tmp; _Py_IDENTIFIER(update); if (result == NULL) return NULL; tmp = _PyObject_CallMethodIdObjArgs(result, &PyId_update, other, NULL); if (tmp == NULL) { Py_DECREF(result); return NULL; } Py_DECREF(tmp); return result; } static PyObject* dictviews_xor(PyObject* self, PyObject *other) { PyObject *result = PySet_New(self); PyObject *tmp; _Py_IDENTIFIER(symmetric_difference_update); if (result == NULL) return NULL; tmp = _PyObject_CallMethodIdObjArgs(result, &PyId_symmetric_difference_update, other, NULL); if (tmp == NULL) { Py_DECREF(result); return NULL; } Py_DECREF(tmp); return result; } static PyNumberMethods dictviews_as_number = { 0, /*nb_add*/ (binaryfunc)dictviews_sub, /*nb_subtract*/ 0, /*nb_multiply*/ 0, /*nb_remainder*/ 0, /*nb_divmod*/ 0, /*nb_power*/ 0, /*nb_negative*/ 0, /*nb_positive*/ 0, /*nb_absolute*/ 0, /*nb_bool*/ 0, /*nb_invert*/ 0, /*nb_lshift*/ 0, /*nb_rshift*/ (binaryfunc)_PyDictView_Intersect, /*nb_and*/ (binaryfunc)dictviews_xor, /*nb_xor*/ (binaryfunc)dictviews_or, /*nb_or*/ }; static PyObject* dictviews_isdisjoint(PyObject *self, PyObject *other) { PyObject *it; PyObject *item = NULL; if (self == other) { if (dictview_len((_PyDictViewObject *)self) == 0) Py_RETURN_TRUE; else Py_RETURN_FALSE; } /* Iterate over the shorter object (only if other is a set, * because PySequence_Contains may be expensive otherwise): */ if (PyAnySet_Check(other) || PyDictViewSet_Check(other)) { Py_ssize_t len_self = dictview_len((_PyDictViewObject *)self); Py_ssize_t len_other = PyObject_Size(other); if (len_other == -1) return NULL; if ((len_other > len_self)) { PyObject *tmp = other; other = self; self = tmp; } } it = PyObject_GetIter(other); if (it == NULL) return NULL; while ((item = PyIter_Next(it)) != NULL) { int contains = PySequence_Contains(self, item); Py_DECREF(item); if (contains == -1) { Py_DECREF(it); return NULL; } if (contains) { Py_DECREF(it); Py_RETURN_FALSE; } } Py_DECREF(it); if (PyErr_Occurred()) return NULL; /* PyIter_Next raised an exception. */ Py_RETURN_TRUE; } PyDoc_STRVAR(isdisjoint_doc, "Return True if the view and the given iterable have a null intersection."); static PyMethodDef dictkeys_methods[] = { {"isdisjoint", (PyCFunction)dictviews_isdisjoint, METH_O, isdisjoint_doc}, {NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */ }; PyTypeObject PyDictKeys_Type = { PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0) "dict_keys", /* tp_name */ sizeof(_PyDictViewObject), /* tp_basicsize */ 0, /* tp_itemsize */ /* methods */ (destructor)dictview_dealloc, /* tp_dealloc */ 0, /* tp_print */ 0, /* tp_getattr */ 0, /* tp_setattr */ 0, /* tp_reserved */ (reprfunc)dictview_repr, /* tp_repr */ &dictviews_as_number, /* tp_as_number */ &dictkeys_as_sequence, /* tp_as_sequence */ 0, /* tp_as_mapping */ 0, /* tp_hash */ 0, /* tp_call */ 0, /* tp_str */ PyObject_GenericGetAttr, /* tp_getattro */ 0, /* tp_setattro */ 0, /* tp_as_buffer */ Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,/* tp_flags */ 0, /* tp_doc */ (traverseproc)dictview_traverse, /* tp_traverse */ 0, /* tp_clear */ dictview_richcompare, /* tp_richcompare */ 0, /* tp_weaklistoffset */ (getiterfunc)dictkeys_iter, /* tp_iter */ 0, /* tp_iternext */ dictkeys_methods, /* tp_methods */ 0, }; static PyObject * dictkeys_new(PyObject *dict) { return _PyDictView_New(dict, &PyDictKeys_Type); } /*** dict_items ***/ static PyObject * dictitems_iter(_PyDictViewObject *dv) { if (dv->dv_dict == NULL) { Py_RETURN_NONE; } return dictiter_new(dv->dv_dict, &PyDictIterItem_Type); } static int dictitems_contains(_PyDictViewObject *dv, PyObject *obj) { int result; PyObject *key, *value, *found; if (dv->dv_dict == NULL) return 0; if (!PyTuple_Check(obj) || PyTuple_GET_SIZE(obj) != 2) return 0; key = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(obj, 0); value = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(obj, 1); found = PyDict_GetItemWithError((PyObject *)dv->dv_dict, key); if (found == NULL) { if (PyErr_Occurred()) return -1; return 0; } Py_INCREF(found); result = PyObject_RichCompareBool(value, found, Py_EQ); Py_DECREF(found); return result; } static PySequenceMethods dictitems_as_sequence = { (lenfunc)dictview_len, /* sq_length */ 0, /* sq_concat */ 0, /* sq_repeat */ 0, /* sq_item */ 0, /* sq_slice */ 0, /* sq_ass_item */ 0, /* sq_ass_slice */ (objobjproc)dictitems_contains, /* sq_contains */ }; static PyMethodDef dictitems_methods[] = { {"isdisjoint", (PyCFunction)dictviews_isdisjoint, METH_O, isdisjoint_doc}, {NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */ }; PyTypeObject PyDictItems_Type = { PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0) "dict_items", /* tp_name */ sizeof(_PyDictViewObject), /* tp_basicsize */ 0, /* tp_itemsize */ /* methods */ (destructor)dictview_dealloc, /* tp_dealloc */ 0, /* tp_print */ 0, /* tp_getattr */ 0, /* tp_setattr */ 0, /* tp_reserved */ (reprfunc)dictview_repr, /* tp_repr */ &dictviews_as_number, /* tp_as_number */ &dictitems_as_sequence, /* tp_as_sequence */ 0, /* tp_as_mapping */ 0, /* tp_hash */ 0, /* tp_call */ 0, /* tp_str */ PyObject_GenericGetAttr, /* tp_getattro */ 0, /* tp_setattro */ 0, /* tp_as_buffer */ Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,/* tp_flags */ 0, /* tp_doc */ (traverseproc)dictview_traverse, /* tp_traverse */ 0, /* tp_clear */ dictview_richcompare, /* tp_richcompare */ 0, /* tp_weaklistoffset */ (getiterfunc)dictitems_iter, /* tp_iter */ 0, /* tp_iternext */ dictitems_methods, /* tp_methods */ 0, }; static PyObject * dictitems_new(PyObject *dict) { return _PyDictView_New(dict, &PyDictItems_Type); } /*** dict_values ***/ static PyObject * dictvalues_iter(_PyDictViewObject *dv) { if (dv->dv_dict == NULL) { Py_RETURN_NONE; } return dictiter_new(dv->dv_dict, &PyDictIterValue_Type); } static PySequenceMethods dictvalues_as_sequence = { (lenfunc)dictview_len, /* sq_length */ 0, /* sq_concat */ 0, /* sq_repeat */ 0, /* sq_item */ 0, /* sq_slice */ 0, /* sq_ass_item */ 0, /* sq_ass_slice */ (objobjproc)0, /* sq_contains */ }; static PyMethodDef dictvalues_methods[] = { {NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */ }; PyTypeObject PyDictValues_Type = { PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0) "dict_values", /* tp_name */ sizeof(_PyDictViewObject), /* tp_basicsize */ 0, /* tp_itemsize */ /* methods */ (destructor)dictview_dealloc, /* tp_dealloc */ 0, /* tp_print */ 0, /* tp_getattr */ 0, /* tp_setattr */ 0, /* tp_reserved */ (reprfunc)dictview_repr, /* tp_repr */ 0, /* tp_as_number */ &dictvalues_as_sequence, /* tp_as_sequence */ 0, /* tp_as_mapping */ 0, /* tp_hash */ 0, /* tp_call */ 0, /* tp_str */ PyObject_GenericGetAttr, /* tp_getattro */ 0, /* tp_setattro */ 0, /* tp_as_buffer */ Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,/* tp_flags */ 0, /* tp_doc */ (traverseproc)dictview_traverse, /* tp_traverse */ 0, /* tp_clear */ 0, /* tp_richcompare */ 0, /* tp_weaklistoffset */ (getiterfunc)dictvalues_iter, /* tp_iter */ 0, /* tp_iternext */ dictvalues_methods, /* tp_methods */ 0, }; static PyObject * dictvalues_new(PyObject *dict) { return _PyDictView_New(dict, &PyDictValues_Type); } /* Returns NULL if cannot allocate a new PyDictKeysObject, but does not set an error */ PyDictKeysObject * _PyDict_NewKeysForClass(void) { PyDictKeysObject *keys = new_keys_object(PyDict_MINSIZE); if (keys == NULL) PyErr_Clear(); else keys->dk_lookup = lookdict_split; return keys; } #define CACHED_KEYS(tp) (((PyHeapTypeObject*)tp)->ht_cached_keys) PyObject * PyObject_GenericGetDict(PyObject *obj, void *context) { PyObject *dict, **dictptr = _PyObject_GetDictPtr(obj); if (dictptr == NULL) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AttributeError, "This object has no __dict__"); return NULL; } dict = *dictptr; if (dict == NULL) { PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(obj); if ((tp->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE) && CACHED_KEYS(tp)) { DK_INCREF(CACHED_KEYS(tp)); *dictptr = dict = new_dict_with_shared_keys(CACHED_KEYS(tp)); } else { *dictptr = dict = PyDict_New(); } } Py_XINCREF(dict); return dict; } int _PyObjectDict_SetItem(PyTypeObject *tp, PyObject **dictptr, PyObject *key, PyObject *value) { PyObject *dict; int res; PyDictKeysObject *cached; assert(dictptr != NULL); if ((tp->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE) && (cached = CACHED_KEYS(tp))) { assert(dictptr != NULL); dict = *dictptr; if (dict == NULL) { DK_INCREF(cached); dict = new_dict_with_shared_keys(cached); if (dict == NULL) return -1; *dictptr = dict; } if (value == NULL) { res = PyDict_DelItem(dict, key); // Since key sharing dict doesn't allow deletion, PyDict_DelItem() // always converts dict to combined form. if ((cached = CACHED_KEYS(tp)) != NULL) { CACHED_KEYS(tp) = NULL; DK_DECREF(cached); } } else { int was_shared = (cached == ((PyDictObject *)dict)->ma_keys); res = PyDict_SetItem(dict, key, value); if (was_shared && (cached = CACHED_KEYS(tp)) != NULL && cached != ((PyDictObject *)dict)->ma_keys) { /* PyDict_SetItem() may call dictresize and convert split table * into combined table. In such case, convert it to split * table again and update type's shared key only when this is * the only dict sharing key with the type. * * This is to allow using shared key in class like this: * * class C: * def __init__(self): * # one dict resize happens * self.a, self.b, self.c = 1, 2, 3 * self.d, self.e, self.f = 4, 5, 6 * a = C() */ if (cached->dk_refcnt == 1) { CACHED_KEYS(tp) = make_keys_shared(dict); } else { CACHED_KEYS(tp) = NULL; } DK_DECREF(cached); if (CACHED_KEYS(tp) == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) return -1; } } } else { dict = *dictptr; if (dict == NULL) { dict = PyDict_New(); if (dict == NULL) return -1; *dictptr = dict; } if (value == NULL) { res = PyDict_DelItem(dict, key); } else { res = PyDict_SetItem(dict, key, value); } } return res; } void _PyDictKeys_DecRef(PyDictKeysObject *keys) { DK_DECREF(keys); }