{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from solcore import material\n",
    "from solcore.structure import Layer, Junction, TunnelJunction\n",
    "from solcore.solar_cell import SolarCell\n",
    "from solcore.solar_cell_solver import solar_cell_solver\n",
    "from solcore.light_source import LightSource\n",
    "import solcore.poisson_drift_diffusion as PDD"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "T = 298\n",
    "wl = np.linspace(350, 1050, 301) * 1e-9"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "First, we create the materials of the QW"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "QWmat = material(\"InGaAs\")(T=T, In=0.2, strained=True)\n",
    "Bmat = material(\"GaAsP\")(T=T, P=0.1, strained=True)\n",
    "i_GaAs = material(\"GaAs\")(T=T)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "The QW is 7 nm wide, with GaAs interlayers 2 nm thick at each side and GaAsP barriers<br>\n",
    "10 nm thick. The final device will have 30 of these QWs."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "QW = PDD.QWunit(\n",
    "    [\n",
    "        Layer(width=10e-9, material=Bmat, role=\"barrier\"),\n",
    "        Layer(width=2e-9, material=i_GaAs, role=\"well\"),\n",
    "        Layer(width=7e-9, material=QWmat, role=\"well\"),\n",
    "        Layer(width=2e-9, material=i_GaAs, role=\"well\"),\n",
    "        Layer(width=10e-9, material=Bmat, role=\"barrier\"),\n",
    "    ],\n",
    "    T=T,\n",
    "    repeat=30,\n",
    "    substrate=i_GaAs,\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We solve the quantum properties of the QW, leaving the default values of all<br>\n",
    "parameters"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "QW_list = QW.GetEffectiveQW(wavelengths=wl)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Materials for the BOTTOM junction"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "window_bottom = material(\"GaInP\")(T=T, Nd=5e24, In=0.49)\n",
    "n_GaAs = material(\"GaAs\")(T=T, Nd=1e24)\n",
    "p_GaAs = material(\"GaAs\")(T=T, Na=8e22)\n",
    "bsf_bottom = material(\"GaInP\")(T=T, Na=5e24, In=0.49)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "If you want to test the code without QWs, to make ti a bit faster, comment the line<br>\n",
    "with QW_list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "GaAs_junction = Junction(\n",
    "    [\n",
    "        Layer(width=10e-9, material=window_bottom, role=\"Window\"),\n",
    "        Layer(width=150e-9, material=n_GaAs, role=\"Emitter\"),\n",
    "    ]\n",
    "    # Comment the following line to remove the QWs\n",
    "    + QW_list\n",
    "    + [\n",
    "        Layer(width=2000e-9, material=p_GaAs, role=\"Base\"),\n",
    "        Layer(width=200e-9, material=bsf_bottom, role=\"BSF\"),\n",
    "    ],\n",
    "    sn=1e6,\n",
    "    sp=1e6,\n",
    "    T=T,\n",
    "    kind=\"PDD\",\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Materials for the TOP junction"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "window_top = material(\"AlInP\")(\n",
    "    T=T, Nd=5e23, Al=0.53, electron_mobility=0.01, hole_mobility=7e-4\n",
    ")\n",
    "n_GaInP = material(\"GaInP\")(T=T, Nd=5e23, In=0.49)\n",
    "p_GaInP = material(\"GaInP\")(T=T, Na=8e22, In=0.49)\n",
    "bsf_top = material(\"AlInP\")(\n",
    "    T=T, Na=5e23, Al=0.53, electron_mobility=0.01, hole_mobility=7e-4\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We create the Top junction, leaving outside the window and bsf layers. They work<br>\n",
    "well in the dark, but cause convergence issues under illumination."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "GaInP_junction = Junction(\n",
    "    [\n",
    "        Layer(width=120e-9, material=n_GaInP, role=\"Emitter\"),\n",
    "        Layer(width=800e-9, material=p_GaInP, role=\"Base\"),\n",
    "    ],\n",
    "    sn=1e3,\n",
    "    sp=1e3,\n",
    "    T=T,\n",
    "    kind=\"PDD\",\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We create the tunnel junction"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "tunnel = TunnelJunction(\n",
    "    [Layer(width=40e-9, material=n_GaInP, role=\"TJ\")],\n",
    "    v_peak=0.2,\n",
    "    j_peak=7.5e4,\n",
    "    v_valley=1,\n",
    "    j_valley=4e4,\n",
    "    prefactor=5,\n",
    "    j01=1e-23,\n",
    "    kind=\"parametric\",\n",
    "    pn=True,\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "And the materials needed for the anti reflecting coating"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "MgF2 = material(\"MgF2\")()\n",
    "ZnS = material(\"ZnScub\")()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Finally, we put everithing together to make a solar cell"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "my_solar_cell = SolarCell(\n",
    "    [\n",
    "        Layer(width=110e-9, material=MgF2, role=\"ARC1\"),\n",
    "        Layer(width=60e-9, material=ZnS, role=\"ARC2\"),\n",
    "        Layer(width=30e-9, material=window_top, role=\"window\"),\n",
    "        GaInP_junction,\n",
    "        Layer(width=100e-9, material=bsf_top, role=\"BSF\"),\n",
    "        tunnel,\n",
    "        GaAs_junction,\n",
    "    ],\n",
    "    T=T,\n",
    "    substrate=n_GaAs,\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "light_source = LightSource(\n",
    "    source_type=\"standard\",\n",
    "    version=\"AM1.5g\",\n",
    "    x=wl,\n",
    "    output_units=\"photon_flux_per_m\",\n",
    "    concentration=1,\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "The definitions are all done, so we just start solving the properties,<br>\n",
    "starting with the QE. We calculate the QE curve under illumination"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "solar_cell_solver(\n",
    "    my_solar_cell,\n",
    "    \"qe\",\n",
    "    user_options={\n",
    "        \"light_source\": light_source,\n",
    "        \"wavelength\": wl,\n",
    "        \"optics_method\": \"TMM\",\n",
    "    },\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "And now, the IV curves under various concentration levels.<br>\n",
    "NOTE: Due to the presence of QWs and the fact we calculate things a 19 different<br>\n",
    "concentrations, this might take a while (~4 hours).<br>\n",
    "Remove the QWs as indicated above to test the code much faster."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "num_con = 19\n",
    "con = np.logspace(0, 3, num_con)\n",
    "vint = np.linspace(-3.5, 4, 600)\n",
    "V = np.linspace(-3.5, 0, 300)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "allI = []\n",
    "isc = []\n",
    "voc = []\n",
    "FF = []\n",
    "pmpp = []"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "fig3, axIV = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(6, 4))\n",
    "for c in con:\n",
    "    light_source.concentration = c\n",
    "    solar_cell_solver(\n",
    "        my_solar_cell,\n",
    "        \"iv\",\n",
    "        user_options={\n",
    "            \"light_source\": light_source,\n",
    "            \"wavelength\": wl,\n",
    "            \"optics_method\": None,\n",
    "            \"light_iv\": True,\n",
    "            \"mpp\": True,\n",
    "            \"voltages\": V,\n",
    "            \"internal_voltages\": vint,\n",
    "        },\n",
    "    )\n",
    "    isc.append(my_solar_cell.iv[\"Isc\"])\n",
    "    voc.append(my_solar_cell.iv[\"Voc\"])\n",
    "    FF.append(my_solar_cell.iv[\"FF\"])\n",
    "    pmpp.append(my_solar_cell.iv[\"Pmpp\"])\n",
    "    allI.append(my_solar_cell.iv[\"IV\"][1])\n",
    "\n",
    "    # And now, everything is plotting...\n",
    "    axIV.plot(-V, my_solar_cell.iv[\"IV\"][1] / isc[-1], label=int(c))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "axIV.legend(loc=\"lower left\", frameon=False)\n",
    "axIV.set_ylim(0, 1.1)\n",
    "axIV.set_xlim(0, 3.5)\n",
    "axIV.set_xlabel(\"Voltage (V)\")\n",
    "axIV.set_ylabel(\"Normalized current (-)\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "plt.tight_layout()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "fig2, axes = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(11.25, 8))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "axes[0, 0].semilogx(con, np.array(pmpp) / con / 10, \"r-o\")\n",
    "axes[0, 0].set_xlabel(\"Concentration (suns)\")\n",
    "axes[0, 0].set_ylabel(\"Efficiency (%)\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "axes[0, 1].loglog(con, abs(np.array(isc)), \"b-o\")\n",
    "axes[0, 1].set_xlabel(\"Concentration (suns)\")\n",
    "axes[0, 1].set_ylabel(\"I$_{SC}$ (Am$^{-2}$)\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "axes[1, 0].semilogx(con, abs(np.array(voc)), \"g-o\")\n",
    "axes[1, 0].set_xlabel(\"Concentration (suns)\")\n",
    "axes[1, 0].set_ylabel(\"V$_{OC}$ (V)\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "axes[1, 1].semilogx(con, abs(np.array(FF)) * 100, \"k-o\")\n",
    "axes[1, 1].set_xlabel(\"Concentration (suns)\")\n",
    "axes[1, 1].set_ylabel(\"Fill Factor (%)\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "plt.tight_layout()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can plot the electron and hole densities in equilibrium and at short circuit"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(11.25, 4))\n",
    "for j in my_solar_cell.junction_indices:\n",
    "    zz = (\n",
    "        my_solar_cell[j].short_circuit_data.Bandstructure[\"x\"] + my_solar_cell[j].offset\n",
    "    )\n",
    "    n = my_solar_cell[j].short_circuit_data.Bandstructure[\"n\"]\n",
    "    p = my_solar_cell[j].short_circuit_data.Bandstructure[\"p\"]\n",
    "    ax1.semilogy(zz * 1e9, n, \"b\")\n",
    "    ax1.semilogy(zz * 1e9, p, \"r\")\n",
    "    zz = my_solar_cell[j].equilibrium_data.Bandstructure[\"x\"] + my_solar_cell[j].offset\n",
    "    n = my_solar_cell[j].equilibrium_data.Bandstructure[\"n\"]\n",
    "    p = my_solar_cell[j].equilibrium_data.Bandstructure[\"p\"]\n",
    "    ax1.semilogy(zz * 1e9, n, \"b--\")\n",
    "    ax1.semilogy(zz * 1e9, p, \"r--\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ax1.set_xlabel(\"Position (nm)\")\n",
    "ax1.set_ylabel(\"Carrier density (m$^{-3}$)\")\n",
    "plt.tight_layout()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "And we plot the QE"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "labels = [\"EQE GaInP\", \"EQE GaAs\"]\n",
    "colours = [\"b\", \"r\"]\n",
    "for i, j in enumerate(my_solar_cell.junction_indices):\n",
    "    ax2.plot(wl * 1e9, my_solar_cell[j].eqe(wl), colours[i], label=labels[i])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ax2.plot(wl * 1e9, my_solar_cell.absorbed, \"k\", label=\"Total Absorbed\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ax2.legend(loc=\"upper right\", frameon=False)\n",
    "ax2.set_xlabel(\"Wavelength (nm)\")\n",
    "ax2.set_ylabel(\"EQE\")\n",
    "ax2.set_ylim(0, 1.1)\n",
    "ax2.set_xlim(350, 1150)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "plt.tight_layout()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "plt.show()"
   ]
  }
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