Empathy Gap module of the Cognitive Bias Ontology
type: Ontology
created: 13/6/2024
creator: Evgeniia Vdovichenko
description: Empathy Gap Bias specification of Cognitive Bias Ontology
comment: The "empathy gap" refers to a cognitive bias where people underestimate the influences of visceral drives on their own attitudes, preferences, and behaviors. Typically, this gap manifests when a person is in one state (e.g., calm, content) and fails to accurately predict their behavior or decisions when in a different state (e.g., angry, hungry, in pain). This can also apply when judging others' actions without considering their emotional or physical state, leading to misunderstandings or misjudgments.
version info: 2.0
has component: http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/parameter.owl#
has component: http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/reaction.owl.v0.1#
has component: https://delicias.dia.fi.upm.es/ontologies/ObjectWithStates.owl
has component: https://softeng.polito.it/rsctx/
has component: https://w3id.org/framester/data/framestercore/
has component: https://www.cidoc-crm.org/html/cidoc_crm_v7.1.3.html#
user story: It's Sunday evening, and Alex is feeling particularly motivated after a weekend of relaxation and light activities. Looking to capitalize on this burst of energy, Alex decides it's the perfect time to commit to a new fitness routine. They sign up for a series of 6:00 AM workout sessions at the local gym, confident in their ability to wake up early and energized by the thought of transforming their fitness level. However, as the week progresses, Alex's initial enthusiasm begins to wane. The comfort of a warm bed and the chill of the early morning make getting up increasingly difficult. By Wednesday, the alarm clock's siren call is met with dread, and by Friday, Alex hits the snooze button one too many times, missing the workout entirely. Reflecting on the week's challenges, Alex realizes they underestimated how their morning disposition could change, especially when faced with the reality of early wake-up calls. Determined to not let this setback derail their fitness goals, Alex starts looking for strategies to make morning workouts more appealing.

hasParameter
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: isParameterFor
domain: Predicting
range: Accuracy
comment: A Concept can have a Parameter that constrains the attributes that a classified Entity can have in a certain Situation, e.g. a 4WheelDriver Role definedIn the ItalianTrafficLaw has a MinimumAge parameter on the Amount 16

isParameterFor
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Accuracy
range: Predicting
comment: A Concept can have a Parameter that constrains the attributes that a classified Entity can have in a certain Situation, e.g. a 4WheelDriver Role definedIn the ItalianTrafficLaw has a MinimumAge parameter on the Amount 16

isPerformedBy
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: performs
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Deciding
domain: Predicting
range: People

performs
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: BiasedAgent
domain: People
range: Deciding
range: Predicting

hasState
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: isStateOf
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: BiasedAgent
range: State

isStateOf
type: ObjectProperty
domain: State
range: BiasedAgent
comment: Defines the object that has an state

affectedBy
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: affects
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: BiasedAgent
range: CognitiveBias
comment: Describes the relationship between a Cognitive Bias and an Individual on the base of influence.

affects
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: CognitiveBias
range: BiasedAgent
comment: Inverse of AffectedBy.

influences
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: State
range: Predicting
comment: An entity having and effect on the other entity

isAbout
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Predicting
range: Deciding
comment: This property documents that an instance of E89 Propositional Object has as subject an instance of E1 CRM Entity. This differs from P67 refers to (is referred to by), which refers to an instance of E1 CRM Entity, in that it describes the primary subject or subjects of an instance of E89 Propositional Object.

hasParameterDataValue
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Accuracy
range: string
comment: Parametrizes values from a datatype. For example, a Parameter AgeForDriving hasParameterDataValue 18 on datatype xsd:int, in the Italian traffic code. In this example, AgeForDriving isDefinedIn the Norm ItalianTrafficCodeAgeDriving.

hasPhysicalType
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: PhysicalState
range: string
comment: This property allows sub-typing of entities – a form of specialization – through the use of a terminological hierarchy, or thesaurus.

hasEmotionalType
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: EmotionalState
range: string
comment: This property allows sub-typing of entities – a form of specialization – through the use of a terminological hierarchy, or thesaurus.

State
type: Class
comment: States are the different states that an object can have. States must belong to a single collection of non-duplicate elements (i.e., to a set).

EmpathyGap
type: Class
subclass of: CognitiveBias
comment: A cognitive bias where a person underestimates the influence of different emotional or physical states on their decisions or behaviors.

BiasedAgent
type: Class
subclass of: People
disjoint with: NonBiasedAgent
comment: Represents an entity that experiences the bias.

CognitiveBias
type: Class
comment: Represents the overarching concept of cognitive biases.

NonBiasedAgent
type: Class
subclass of: People
comment: Represents an idealized entity that makes decisions based on objective analysis, facts, and logical reasoning, without being affected by cognitive biases.

PhysicalState
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  union of: Restriction
    on property: hasPhysicalType
    has value: negative
  union of: Restriction
    on property: hasPhysicalType
    has value: positive
subclass of: State
disjoint with: EmotionalState
comment: Refers to the current condition of an entity's body, encompassing aspects like health, energy levels, fatigue, and overall physical well-being. Has a type (predefined string as positive, negative, etc.)

EmotionalState
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  union of: Restriction
    on property: hasEmotionalType
    has value: negative
  union of: Restriction
    on property: hasEmotionalType
    has value: positive
subclass of: State
comment: The state of a person's emotions (especially with regard to pleasure or dejection). Has type which is a predefined sting. In our case: positive and negative or other predefined values.

Accuracy
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: hasParameterDataValue
  has value: low
comment: Presents the accuracy of predicting of decisions.

Deciding
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: isPerformedBy
  some values from: People
comment: Models activity of taking decision.

People
type: Class
comment: Denotes a human being and express that we are talking about human cognitive biases.

Predicting
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: isPerformedBy
  some values from: BiasedAgent
comment: Models the activity of predicting the decisions.

ActionPrediction
type: NamedIndividual
type: Predicting
hasParameter: PredictionAccuracy
isPerformedBy: Alex
isAbout: Signing Up
comment: Prediction of future activity

Alex
type: NamedIndividual
type: BiasedAgent
performs: ActionPrediction
performs: Signing Up
hasState: Excited
affectedBy: EmpathyGapInstance
comment: Alex is an individual who experiences the empathy gap while trying to establish a new fitness routine.

EmpathyGapInstance
type: NamedIndividual
type: EmpathyGap
affects: Alex
comment: The situation of expiriencing the Empathy Gap Bias

Excited
type: NamedIndividual
type: EmotionalState
isStateOf: Alex
influences: ActionPrediction
hasEmotionalType: positive
comment: Feeling particularly motivated after a weekend of relaxation and light activities.

PredictionAccuracy
type: NamedIndividual
type: Accuracy
isParameterFor: ActionPrediction
comment: Accuracy of predictions made by Alex

Signing Up
type: NamedIndividual
type: Deciding
isPerformedBy: Alex
comment: The decision of Alex signing up for the 6:00 AM workout sessions at the gym.