DEMETER Cross-Domain
type: Ontology
version IRI: https://w3id.org/demeter/crossDomain/3.0
Contributor: Raul Palma
  Affiliation: PSNC
Contributor: Rob Atkinson
  Affiliation: OGC
Contributor: Ioanna Roussaki
  Affiliation: ICCS
creator: Till Döhmen
  Affiliation: Fraunhofer FIT
description: The DEMETER cross domain ontology i) defines concepts and terms that are generic and applicable to various domains; ii) avoids conflicting or redundant definitions of the same concept in different domain specific models; iii) provides the basis for interoperability. The ontology is specified by reusing concepts and terms from a number of standard ontologies and vocabularies including OGC/W3C SOSA/SSN, OGC GeoSparql, W3C RDF data cube, QUDT, FOAF, schema.org and others. It includes alignment to ISO standards and with DEMETER core meta-model (NGSI-LD).
Rights Management: This vocabulary is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
label: DEMETER Cross Domain
comment: The DEMETER Agriculture Information Model (AIM) is the common vocabulary in DEMETER project providing the basis for semantic interoperability across smart farming solutions
version info: 3.0
maker: DEMETER project

Contributor
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: An entity responsible for making contributions to the content of the resource

Creator
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: An entity primarily responsible for making the content of the resource

Date
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: A date associated with an event in the life cycle of the resource

Description
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: An account of the content of the resource

Resource Identifier
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context

Rights Management
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: Information about rights held in and over the resource

Title
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: A name given to the resource

definition
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: A statement or formal explanation of the meaning of a concept

example
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: An example of the use of a concept

is in scheme
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: Relates a resource (for example a concept) to a concept scheme in which it is included

preferred label
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: The preferred lexical label for a resource, in a given language

depiction
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: A depiction of some thing

homepage
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: A homepage for some thing

maker
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: An agent that made this thing

name
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: A name for some thing

Affiliation
type: Property
comment: An organization that this person is affiliated with. For example, a school/university, a club, or a team.

Domain Includes
type: Property
comment: Relates a property to a class that is (one of) the type(s) the property is expected to be used on.

Range Includes
type: Property
comment: Relates a property to a class that constitutes (one of) the expected type(s) for values of the property.

name
type: Property
comment: The name of the item.

telephone
type: Property
comment: The telephone number.

Well-known Text Literal
type: Datatype
comment: A Well-known Text serialization of a geometry object.

hasGeometry
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Feature
range: Geometry
Contributor: Matthew Perry
creator: OGC GeoSPARQL 1.0 Standard Working Group
date: 2011-06-16
description: A spatial representation for a given feature.

contains
type: ObjectProperty
domain: SpatialObject
range: SpatialObject
comment: Exists if the subject SpatialObject spatially contains the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*****FF*

within
type: ObjectProperty
domain: SpatialObject
range: SpatialObject
comment: Exists if the subject SpatialObject is spatially within the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*F**F***

location
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The relation between something and the point, or other geometrical thing in space, where it is.

Observed Property
type: ObjectProperty
Domain Includes: Observation
Domain Includes: Collection of observations
Range Includes: Observable Property
comment: Relation linking an Observation to the property that was observed. The ObservableProperty should be a property of the FeatureOfInterest (linked by hasFeatureOfInterest) of this Observation.

has result
type: ObjectProperty
Domain Includes: Actuation
Domain Includes: Observation
Domain Includes: Sampling
Range Includes: Result
Range Includes: Sample
comment: Relation linking an Observation or Actuation or act of Sampling and a Result.
inverse of: isResultOf

has feature of interest
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is feature of interest of
comment: A relation between an Observation and the entity whose quality was observed, or between an Actuation and the entity whose property was modified, or between an act of Sampling and the entity that was sampled.
example: For example, in an Observation of the weight of a person, the FeatureOfInterest is the person and the property is its weight.
Domain Includes: Actuation
Domain Includes: Observation
Domain Includes: Sampling
Domain Includes: Collection of observations
Range Includes: Feature Of Interest
Range Includes: Sample

host
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is hosted by
comment: Relation between a platform and the systems it hosts.

is feature of interest of
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A relation between a FeatureOfInterest and an Observation about it, an Actuation acting on it, or an act of Sampling that sampled it.
Domain Includes: Feature Of Interest
Domain Includes: Sample
Range Includes: Actuation
Range Includes: Observation
Range Includes: Sampling

is hosted by
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relation between a system and its hosting platform.

made by sensor
type: ObjectProperty
Domain Includes: Observation
Domain Includes: Collection of observations
Range Includes: Sensor
comment: Relation between an Observation and the Sensor which made the Observations.
inverse of: made observation

made observation
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relation between a Sensor and an Observation made by the Sensor.
Range Includes: Observation

observes
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relation between a Sensor and an ObservableProperty that it is capable of sensing.
Domain Includes: Sensor
Range Includes: Observable Property

phenomenon time
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The time that the Result of an Observation, Actuation or Sampling applies to the FeatureOfInterest. Not necessarily the same as the resultTime. May be an Interval or an Instant, or some other compound TemporalEntity.
Domain Includes: Actuation
Domain Includes: Observation
Domain Includes: Sampling
Domain Includes: Collection of observations

used procedure
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A relation to link to a re-usable Procedure used in making an Observation, an Actuation, or a Sample, typically through a Sensor, Actuator or Sampler.
Domain Includes: Actuation
Domain Includes: Observation
Domain Includes: Sampling
Domain Includes: Collection of observations
Range Includes: Procedure

has ultimate feature of interest
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A relation to link Actuation, Observation, Sampling or FeatureOfInterest
Domain Includes: Actuation
Domain Includes: Observation
Domain Includes: Sampling
Range Includes: Feature Of Interest
domain: Class
  union of: Observation
  union of: Sampling
  union of: Actuation
range: Feature Of Interest

member observation
type: ObjectProperty
Domain Includes: Collection of observations
Range Includes: Observation
Range Includes: Collection of observations
comment: Link to a member within a collection of (observations) or (collections of observations) that share the same value for one or more of the characteristic properties
domain: Collection of observations
range: Class
  union of: Observation
  union of: Collection of observations

has input
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relation between a Procedure and an Input to it.

has output
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relation between a Procedure and an Output of it.

implemented by
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relation between a Procedure (an algorithm, procedure or method) and an entity that implements that Procedure in some executable way.

deployed on platform
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: in deployment
comment: Relation between a deployment and the platform(s) involved in the deployment.

deployed system
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has deployment
comment: Relation between a deployment and the system deployed.

has deployment
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relation between a System and a Deployment, recording that the System is deployed in that Deployment.

has property
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A relation between a FeatureOfInterest and a Property of that feature.

has subsystem
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relation between a system and its component parts

implements
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relation between an entity that implements a Procedure in some executable way and the Procedure (an algorithm, procedure or method).

in deployment
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relation between a platform and the deployment(s) that takes place in the platform.

is property of
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relation between a Property and the entity it belongs to.

member
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The foaf:member property relates a foaf:Group to a foaf:Agent that is a member of that group.

dimension
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
comment: An alternative to qb:componentProperty which makes explicit that the component is a dimension
sub property of: component
range: Dimension property

component attachment
type: Property
comment: Indicates the level at which the component property should be attached, this might an qb:DataSet, qb:Slice or qb:Observation, or a qb:MeasureProperty.
domain: Component specification
range: Class

component
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
comment: indicates a ComponentProperty (i.e. attribute/dimension) expected on a DataSet, or a dimension fixed in a SliceKey
domain: Component set
range: Component property (abstract)

concept
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
comment: gives the concept which is being measured or indicated by a ComponentProperty
domain: Component property (abstract)
range: Concept

observation group
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Indicates a group of observations. The domain of this property is left open so that a group may be attached to different resources and need not be restricted to a single DataSet
range: Observation Group

slice
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: observation group
comment: Indicates a subset of a DataSet defined by fixing a subset of the dimensional values
domain: Data set
range: Slice

component specification
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
comment: indicates a component specification which is included in the structure of the dataset
domain: Data structure definition
range: Component specification

slice key
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
comment: indicates a slice key which is used for slices in this dataset
domain: Data structure definition
range: Slice key

measure
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
comment: An alternative to qb:componentProperty which makes explicit that the component is a measure
sub property of: component
range: Measure property

slice structure
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
comment: indicates the sub-key corresponding to this slice
domain: Slice
range: Slice key

observation
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
comment: indicates a observation contained within this slice of the data set
domain: Observation Group
range: Observation

data set
type: Property
type: ObjectProperty
comment: indicates the data set of which this observation is a part
domain: Observation
range: Data set

unitKind
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Being the qu:unitKind of something, implies being something that is a qu:Unit
range: Unit
equivalent property: unit

unit
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A reference to the unit of measure of a quantity (variable or constant) of interest.
range: Unit

quantity value
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A reference to the value of a quantity
range: Quantity value

has quantity kind
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A reference to the kind of a quantity
range: Quantity Kind

has beginning
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Beginning of a temporal entity
domain: Temporal entity
range: Time instant
sub property of: has time
definition: Beginning of a temporal entity.

has end
type: ObjectProperty
comment: End of a temporal entity.
domain: Temporal entity
range: Time instant
sub property of: has time

has time
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Supports the association of a temporal entity (instant or interval) to any thing
range: Temporal entity
editorial note: Feature at risk - added in 2017 revision, and not yet widely used.

temporal unit type
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The temporal unit which provides the precision of a date-time value or scale of a temporal extent
range: Temporal unit

sampledFeature
type: ObjectProperty
domain: SF_SamplingFeature
range: GFI_DomainFeature
range: GFI_Feature

asWKT
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has serialization
domain: Geometry
range: Well-known Text Literal
comment: The WKT serialization of a geometry

has serialization
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Geometry
range: Literal
comment: Connects a geometry object with its text-based serialization

latitude
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The WGS84 latitude of a SpatialThing (decimal degrees).

longitude
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The WGS84 longitude of a SpatialThing (decimal degrees).

altitude
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The WGS84 altitude of a SpatialThing (decimal meters above the local reference ellipsoid).

has simple result
type: DatatypeProperty
Domain Includes: Observation
Domain Includes: Actuation
comment: The simple value of an Observation or Actuation.
example: For instance, the values 23 or true.

result time
type: DatatypeProperty
Domain Includes: Actuation
Domain Includes: Observation
Domain Includes: Sampling
Domain Includes: Collection of observations
comment: The result time is the instant of time when the Observation, Actuation or Sampling activity was completed.
range: dateTime

order
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: indicates a priority order for the components of sets with this structure, used to guide presentations - lower order numbers come before higher numbers, un-numbered components come last
domain: Component specification
range: int

numeric value
type: DatatypeProperty

in XSD date
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Position of an instant, expressed using xsd:date
domain: Time instant
range: date

in XSD Date-Time-Stamp
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Position of an instant, expressed using xsd:dateTimeStamp
domain: Time instant
range: dateTimeStamp

Numeric value of temporal duration
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Value of a temporal extent expressed as a decimal number scaled by a temporal unit
domain: Time duration
range: decimal

generatedAtTime
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The time at which an entity was completely created and is available for use.
range: dateTime

invalidatedAtTime
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The time at which an entity was invalidated (i.e., no longer usable).
range: dateTime

Acceleration
type: Class
subclass of: QuantityKind
comment: A Acceleration is something that is a QuantityKind and has a unitKind property who must be a AccelerationUnit

Compressibility
type: Class
subclass of: QuantityKind
comment: A Compressibility is something that is a QuantityKind and has a unitKind property who must be a CompressibilityUnit

Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: QuantityKind
comment: A Concentration is something that is a QuantityKind and has a unitKind property who must be a ConcentrationUnit

Density
type: Class
subclass of: QuantityKind
comment: A Density is something that is a QuantityKind and has a unitKind property who must be a DensityUnit

Dimensionless
type: Class
subclass of: QuantityKind
comment: A Dimensionless is something that is a QuantityKind and has a unitKind property who must be a DimensionlessUnit

Distance
type: Class
subclass of: QuantityKind
comment: A dim:Distance is something that is a qu:QuantityKind and has a unitKind property who must be a dim:DistanceUnit

Energy
type: Class
subclass of: QuantityKind
comment: A Energy is something that is a QuantityKind and has a unitKind property who must be a EnergyUnit

Energy Density
type: Class
subclass of: QuantityKind
comment: A EnergyDensity is something that is a QuantityKind and has a unitKind property who must be a EnergyDensityUnit

Energy Flux
type: Class
subclass of: QuantityKind
comment: A EnergyFlux is something that is a QuantityKind and has a unitKind property who must be a EnergyFluxUnit

Mass Per Time Per Area
type: Class
subclass of: QuantityKind
comment: A MassPerTimePerArea is something that is a QuantityKind and has a unitKind property who must be a MassPerTimePerAreaUnit

Power
type: Class
subclass of: QuantityKind
comment: A Power is something that is of class QuantityKind and has a unitKind property who must be a PowerUnit

Radiance Exposure
type: Class
subclass of: QuantityKind
comment: A RadianceExposure is something that is a QuantityKind and has a unitKind property who must be a RadianceExposureUnit

Rotational Speed
type: Class
subclass of: QuantityKind
comment: A RotationalSpeed is something that is a QuantityKind and has a unitKind property who must be a RotationalSpeedUnit

Specific Entropy
type: Class
subclass of: QuantityKind
comment: A SpecificEntropy is something that is a QuantityKind and has a unitKind property who must be a SpecificEntropyUnit

Stress Or Pressure
type: Class
subclass of: QuantityKind
comment: A StressOrPressure is something that is a QuantityKind and has a unitKind property who must be a StressOrPressureUnit

Surface Density
type: Class
subclass of: QuantityKind
comment: A SurfaceDensity is something that is a QuantityKind and has a unitKind property who must be a SurfaceDensityUnit

Temperature
type: Class
subclass of: QuantityKind
comment: A Temperature is something that is a QuantityKind and has a unitKind property who must be a TemperatureUnit

Thermal Conductivity
type: Class
subclass of: QuantityKind
comment: A ThermalConductivity is something that is a QuantityKind and has a unitKind property who must be a ThermalConductivityUnit

Velocity Or Speed
type: Class
subclass of: QuantityKind
comment: A VelocityOrSpeed is something that is a QuantityKind and has a unitKind property who must be a VelocityOrSpeedUnit

PropertyKind
type: Class
comment: A PropertyKind is a meta-property which helps to characterise categories of properties e.g. scalar, vector

QuantityKind
type: Class
comment: A QuantityKind is an abstract classifier that represents the [VIM] concept of kind of quantity that is defined as aspect common to mutually comparable quantities. A QuantityKind represents the essence of a quantity without any numerical value or unit. Quantities of the same kind within a given system of quantities have the same quantity dimension. However, quantities of the same dimension are not necessarily of the same kind.

Feature
type: Class
subclass of: SpatialObject
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasGeometry
  all values from: Geometry
disjoint with: Geometry
Contributor: Matthew Perry
creator: OGC GeoSPARQL 1.0 Standard Working Group
date: 2011-06-16
description: This class represents the top-level feature type. This class is equivalent to GFI_Feature defined in ISO 19156:2011, and it is superclass of all feature types.
equivalent class: GFI_Feature

Geometry
type: Class
subclass of: SpatialObject
Contributor: Matthew Perry
creator: OGC GeoSPARQL 1.0 Standard Working Group
date: 2011-06-16
description: The class represents the top-level geometry type. This class is equivalent to the UML class GM_Object defined in ISO 19107, and it is superclass of all geometry types.

SpatialObject
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasGeometry
  all values from: Geometry
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains
  all values from: SpatialObject
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: within
  all values from: SpatialObject
comment: The class spatial-object represents everything that can have a spatial representation. It is superclass of feature and geometry.

Curve
type: Class
subclass of: Geometry
comment: A Curve is a 1-dimensional geometric object usually stored as a sequence of Points, with the subtype of Curve specifying the form of the interpolation between Points. This specification defines only one subclass of Curve, LineString, which uses linear interpolation between Points. A Curve is a 1-dimensional geometric object that is the homeomorphic image of a real, closed, interval. A Curve is simple if it does not pass through the same Point twice with the possible exception of the two end points. A Curve is closed if its start Point is equal to its end Point. The boundary of a closed Curve is empty. A Curve that is simple and closed is a Ring. The boundary of a non-closed Curve consists of its two end Points. A Curve is defined as topologically closed, that is, it contains its endpoints f(a) and f(b).

Geometry
type: Class
subclass of: Geometry
comment: Geometry is the root class of the hierarchy. The instantiable subclasses of Geometry are restricted to 0, 1 and 2-dimensional geometric objects that exist in 2, 3 or 4-dimensional coordinate space (R2, R3 or R4). Geometry values in R2 have points with coordinate values for x and y. Geometry values in R3 have points with coordinate values for x, y and z or for x, y and m. Geometry values in R4 have points with coordinate values for x, y, z and m. The interpretation of the coordinates is subject to the coordinate reference systems associated to the point. All coordinates within a geometry object should be in the same coordinate reference systems. Each coordinate shall be unambiguously associated to a coordinate reference system either directly or through its containing geometry. The z coordinate of a point is typically, but not necessarily, represents altitude or elevation. The m coordinate represents a measurement. All Geometry classes described in this specification are defined so that instances of Geometry are topologically closed, i.e. all represented geometries include their boundary as point sets. This does not affect their representation, and open version of the same classes may be used in other circumstances, such as topological representations.

Geometry Collection
type: Class
subclass of: Geometry
comment: A GeometryCollection is a geometric object that is a collection of some number of geometric objects. All the elements in a GeometryCollection shall be in the same Spatial Reference System. This is also the Spatial Reference System for the GeometryCollection. GeometryCollection places no other constraints on its elements. Subclasses of GeometryCollection may restrict membership based on dimension and may also place other constraints on the degree of spatial overlap between elements.

Line
type: Class
subclass of: Line String
comment: A Line is a LineString with exactly 2 Points.

Line String
type: Class
subclass of: Curve
comment: A LineString is a Curve with linear interpolation between Points. Each consecutive pair of Points defines a Line segment.

Linear Ring
type: Class
subclass of: Line String
comment: A LinearRing is a LineString that is both closed and simple.

Multi Curve
type: Class
subclass of: Geometry Collection
comment: A MultiCurve is a 1-dimensional GeometryCollection whose elements are Curves. A MultiCurve defines a set of methods for its subclasses and is included for reasons of extensibility. A MultiCurve is simple if and only if all of its elements are simple and the only intersections between any two elements occur at Points that are on the boundaries of both elements. The boundary of a MultiCurve is obtained by applying the mod 2 union rule: A Point is in the boundary of a MultiCurve if it is in the boundaries of an odd number of elements of the MultiCurve. A MultiCurve is closed if all of its elements are closed. The boundary of a closed MultiCurve is always empty. A MultiCurve is defined as topologically closed.

Multi Line String
type: Class
subclass of: Multi Curve
comment: A MultiLineString is a MultiCurve whose elements are LineStrings.

Multi Point
type: Class
subclass of: Geometry Collection
comment: A MultiPoint is a 0-dimensional GeometryCollection. The elements of a MultiPoint are restricted to Points. ThePoints are not connected or ordered in any semantically important way. A MultiPoint is simple if no two Points in the MultiPoint are equal (have identical coordinate values in X and Y). Every MultiPoint is spatially equal to a simple Multipoint. The boundary of a MultiPoint is the empty set.

Multi Polygon
type: Class
subclass of: Multi Surface
comment: A MultiPolygon is a MultiSurface whose elements are Polygons. The assertions for MultiPolygons are as follows. a) The interiors of 2 Polygons that are elements of a MultiPolygon may not intersect. b) The boundaries of any 2 Polygons that are elements of a MultiPolygon may not cross and may touch at only a finite number of Points. c) A MultiPolygon is defined as topologically closed. d) A MultiPolygon may not have cut lines, spikes or punctures, a MultiPolygon is a regular closed Point set, e) The interior of a MultiPolygon with more than 1 Polygon is not connected; the number of connected components of the interior of a MultiPolygon is equal to the number of Polygons in the MultiPolygon. The boundary of a MultiPolygon is a set of closed Curves (LineStrings) corresponding to the boundaries of its element Polygons. Each Curve in the boundary of the MultiPolygon is in the boundary of exactly 1 element Polygon, and every Curve in the boundary of an element Polygon is in the boundary of the MultiPolygon.

Multi Surface
type: Class
subclass of: Geometry Collection
comment: A MultiSurface is a 2-dimensional GeometryCollection whose elements are Surfaces, all using coordinates from the same coordinate reference system. The geometric interiors of any two Surfaces in a MultiSurface may not intersect in the full coordinate system. The boundaries of any two coplanar elements in a MultiSurface may intersect, at most, at a finite number of Points. If they were to meet along a curve, they could be merged into a single surface. A MultiSurface may be used to represent heterogeneous surfaces collections of polygons and polyhedral surfaces. It defines a set of methods for its subclasses. The subclass of MultiSurface is MultiPolygon corresponding to a collection of Polygons only. Other collections shall use MultiSurface.

Point
type: Class
subclass of: Geometry
comment: A Point is a 0-dimensional geometric object and represents a single location in coordinate space. A Point has an x-coordinate value, a y-coordinate value. If called for by the associated Spatial Reference System, it may also have coordinate values for z and m. The boundary of a Point is the empty set.

Polygon
type: Class
subclass of: Surface
comment: A Polygon is a planar Surface defined by 1 exterior boundary and 0 or more interior boundaries. Each interior boundary defines a hole in the Polygon. The exterior boundary LinearRing defines the top of the surface which is the side of the surface from which the exterior boundary appears to traverse the boundary in a counter clockwise direction. The interior LinearRings will have the opposite orientation, and appear as clockwise when viewed from the top, The assertions for Polygons (the rules that define valid Polygons) are as follows: a) Polygons are topologically closed; b) The boundary of a Polygon consists of a set of LinearRings that make up its exterior and interior boundaries; c) No two Rings in the boundary cross and the Rings in the boundary of a Polygon may intersect at a Point but only as a tangent. d) A Polygon may not have cut lines, spikes or punctures. e) The interior of every Polygon is a connected point set; f) The exterior of a Polygon with 1 or more holes is not connected. Each hole defines a connected component of the exterior.

Polyhedral Surface
type: Class
subclass of: Surface
comment: A PolyhedralSurface is a contiguous collection of polygons, which share common boundary segments. For each pair of polygons that touch, the common boundary shall be expressible as a finite collection of LineStrings. Each such LineString shall be part of the boundary of at most 2 Polygon patches. For any two polygons that share a common boundary, the top of the polygon shall be consistent. This means that when two LinearRings from these two Polygons traverse the common boundary segment, they do so in opposite directions. Since the Polyhedral surface is contiguous, all polygons will be thus consistently oriented. This means that a non-oriented surface (such as Mbius band) shall not have single surface representations. They may be represented by a MultiSurface. If each such LineString is the boundary of exactly 2 Polygon patches, then the PolyhedralSurface is a simple, closed polyhedron and is topologically isomorphic to the surface of a sphere. By the Jordan Surface Theorem (Jordans Theorem for 2-spheres), such polyhedrons enclose a solid topologically isomorphic to the interior of a sphere; the ball. In this case, the top of the surface will either point inward or outward of the enclosed finite solid. If outward, the surface is the exterior boundary of the enclosed surface. If inward, the surface is the interior of the infinite complement of the enclosed solid. A Ball with some number of voids (holes) inside can thus be presented as one exterior boundary shell, and some number in interior boundary shells.

Surface
type: Class
subclass of: Geometry
comment: A Surface is a 2-dimensional geometric object. A simple Surface may consists of a single patch that is associated with one exterior boundary and 0 or more interior boundaries. A single such Surface patch in 3-dimensional space is isometric to planar Surfaces, by a simple affine rotation matrix that rotates the patch onto the plane z = 0. If the patch is not vertical, the projection onto the same plane is an isomorphism, and can be represented as a linear transformation, i.e. an affine. Polyhedral Surfaces are formed by stitching together such simple Surfaces patches along their common boundaries. Such polyhedral Surfaces in a 3-dimensional space may not be planar as a whole, depending on the orientation of their planar normals. If all the patches are in alignment (their normals are parallel), then the whole stitched polyhedral surface is co-planar and can be represented as a single patch if it is connected. The boundary of a simple Surface is the set of closed Curves corresponding to its exterior and interior boundaries. A Polygon is a simple Surface that is planar. A PolyhedralSurface is a simple surface, consisting of some number of Polygon patches or facets. If a PolyhedralSurface is closed, then it bounds a solid. A MultiSurface containing a set of closed PolyhedralSurfaces can be used to represent a Solid object with holes.

Triangulated Irregular Network
type: Class
subclass of: Polyhedral Surface
comment: A TIN (triangulated irregular network) is a PolyhedralSurface consisting only of Triangle patches.

Triangle
type: Class
subclass of: Polygon
comment: A Triangle is a polygon with 3 distinct, non-collinear vertices and no interior boundary.

Point
type: Class
subclass of: Geometry
comment: Uniquely identified by lat/long/alt. i.e. spaciallyIntersects(P1, P2) :- lat(P1, LAT), long(P1, LONG), alt(P1, ALT), lat(P2, LAT), long(P2, LONG), alt(P2, ALT). sameThing(P1, P2) :- type(P1, Point), type(P2, Point), spaciallyIntersects(P1, P2).
comment: A point, typically described using a coordinate system relative to Earth, such as WGS84.

Result
type: Class
comment: The Result of an Observation, Actuation, or act of Sampling. To store an observation's simple result value one can use the hasSimpleResult property.
example: The value 20 as the height of a certain tree together with the unit, e.g., Meter.

Sample
type: Class
comment: Feature on which Observations may be made, which is intended to be representative of a FeatureOfInterest that is not fully accessible.
example: A 'station' is essentially an identifiable locality where a sensor system or Process may be deployed and an observation made. In the context of the observation model, it connotes the 'world in the vicinity of the station', so the observed properties relate to the physical medium at the station, and not to any physical artifact such as a mooring, buoy, benchmark, monument, well, etc.
equivalent class: SF_SamplingFeature

Actuatable Property
type: Class
comment: Actuatable Property is an actuatable quality (property, characteristic) of any FeatureOfInterest.
example: A window actuator acts by changing the state between a frame and a window. The ability of the window to be opened and closed is its ActuatableProperty.

Observable Property
type: Class
comment: An observable quality (property, characteristic) of a FeatureOfInterest.
subclass of: Property

Feature Of Interest
type: Class
comment: The thing whose property is being estimated or calculated in the course of an Observation to arrive at a Result, or whose property is being manipulated by an Actuator, or which is being sampled or transformed in an act of Sampling.
subclass of: GFI_DomainFeature

Observation
type: Class
comment: If values are not provided for the following Observation properties, they may be provided by the ObservationCollection of which it is a member: - hasFeatureOfInterest - hasUltimateFeatureOfInterest - madeBySensor - observedProperty - phenomenonTime - resultTime - usedProcedure
equivalent class: Observation

Collection of observations
type: Class
comment: Collection of observations, typically with one or more property shared by all of its members
subclass of: Restriction
  min cardinality: 1
  on property: member observation

Platform
type: Class
comment: A Platform is an entity that hosts other entities, particularly Sensors, Actuators, Samplers, and other Platforms (definition taken from http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Platform)

Sensor
type: Class
comment: Device, agent (including humans), or software (simulation) involved in, or implementing, a Procedure. Sensors respond to a stimulus, e.g., a change in the environment, or input data composed from the results of prior Observations, and generate a Result. Sensors can be hosted by Platforms.

Sampling
type: Class
comment: An act of Sampling carries out a sampling Procedure to create or transform one or more samples.

Actuation
type: Class
comment: An Actuation carries out an (Actuation) Procedure to change the state of the world using an Actuator.

Procedure
type: Class
comment: A workflow, protocol, plan, algorithm, or computational method specifying how to make an Observation, create a Sample, or make a change to the state of the world (via an Actuator). A Procedure is re-usable, and might be involved in many Observations, Samplings, or Actuations. It explains the steps to be carried out to arrive at reproducible results.

Deployment
type: Class
comment: Deployment describes the Deployment of one or more Systems for a particular purpose. Deployment may be done on a Platform.

Property
type: Class
comment: Property is a quality of an entity. An aspect of an entity that is intrinsic to and cannot exist without the entity.

System
type: Class
comment: System is a unit of abstraction for pieces of infrastructure that implement Procedures. A System may have components, its subsystems, which are other Systems. (Definition taken from http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/System)

Agent
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: member
  some values from: Agent
comment: The Agent class is the class of agents i.e. things that do stuff. A well known sub-class is foaf:Person, representing people. Other kinds of agents include foaf:Organization and foaf:Group.

Person
type: Class
equivalent class: Person
subclass of: Agent
comment: The foaf:Person class represents people. Something is a foaf:Person if it is a person. We don't nitpic about whether they're alive, dead, real, or imaginary. The foaf:Person class is a sub-class of the foaf:Agent class, since all people are considered 'agents' in FOAF.

Organization
type: Class
subclass of: Agent
comment: An organization such as a school, NGO, corporation, club, etc.

Person
type: Class
comment: A person (alive, dead, undead, or fictional).

Role
type: Class
comment: Represents additional information about a relationship or property. For example a Role can be used to say that a 'member' role linking some SportsTeam to a player occurred during a particular time period. Or that a Person's 'actor' role in a Movie was for some particular characterName. Such properties can be attached to a Role entity, which is then associated with the main entities using ordinary properties like 'member' or 'actor'.

Attachable (abstract)
type: Class
comment: Abstract superclass for everything that can have attributes and dimensions

Component set
type: Class
comment: Abstract class of things which reference one or more ComponentProperties

Component property (abstract)
type: Class
subclass of: Property
comment: Abstract super-property of all properties representing dimensions, attributes or measures

Coded property
type: Class
subclass of: Component property (abstract)
comment: Superclass of all coded ComponentProperties

Component specification
type: Class
comment: Used to define properties of a component (attribute, dimension etc) which are specific to its usage in a DSD.
subclass of: Component set

Observation Group
type: Class
comment: A, possibly arbitrary, group of observations.

Attribute property
type: Class
comment: The class of components which represent attributes of observations in the cube, e.g. unit of measurement
subclass of: Component property (abstract)
disjoint with: Measure property

Data set
type: Class
comment: Represents a collection of observations, possibly organized into various slices, conforming to some common dimensional structure.

Data structure definition
type: Class
comment: Defines the structure of a DataSet or slice
subclass of: Component set

Slice
type: Class
subclass of: Observation Group
comment: Denotes a subset of a DataSet defined by fixing a subset of the dimensional values, component properties on the Slice
subclass of: Attachable (abstract)

Slice key
type: Class
comment: Denotes a subset of the component properties of a DataSet which are fixed in the corresponding slices
subclass of: Component set

Dimension property
type: Class
comment: The class of components which represent the dimensions of the cube
subclass of: Component property (abstract)
subclass of: Coded property
disjoint with: Measure property

Measure property
type: Class
comment: The class of components which represent the measured value of the phenomenon being observed
subclass of: Component property (abstract)
disjoint with: Attribute property
disjoint with: Dimension property

Observation
type: Class
comment: A single observation in the cube, may have one or more associated measured values
subclass of: Attachable (abstract)

Quantity
type: Class
comment: A quantity is the measurement of an observable property of a particular object, event, or physical system. A quantity is always associated with the context of measurement (i.e. the thing measured, the measured value, the accuracy of measurement, etc.) whereas the underlying quantity kind is independent of any particular measurement. Thus, length is a quantity kind while the height of a rocket is a specific quantity of length; its magnitude that may be expressed in meters, feet, inches, etc. Examples of physical quantities include physical constants, such as the speed of light in a vacuum, Planck's constant, the electric permittivity of free space, and the fine structure constant. In other words, quantities are quantifiable aspects of the world, such as the duration of a movie, the distance between two points, velocity of a car, the pressure of the atmosphere, and a person's weight; and units are used to describe their numerical measure. Many quantity kinds are related to each other by various physical laws, and as a result, the associated units of some quantity kinds can be expressed as products (or ratios) of powers of other quantity kinds (e.g., momentum is mass times velocity and velocity is defined as distance divided by time). In this way, some quantities can be calculated from other measured quantities using their associations to the quantity kinds in these expressions. These quantity kind relationships are also discussed in dimensional analysis. Those that cannot be so expressed can be regarded as "fundamental" in this sense. A quantity is distinguished from a "quantity kind" in that the former carries a value and the latter is a type specifier.

Quantity Kind
type: Class
comment: A Quantity Kind is any observable property that can be measured and quantified numerically. Familiar examples include physical properties such as length, mass, time, force, energy, power, electric charge, etc. Less familiar examples include currency, interest rate, price to earning ratio, and information capacity.
equivalent class: QuantityKind

Quantity value
type: Class
comment: A Quantity Value expresses the magnitude and kind of a quantity and is given by the product of a numerical value n and a unit of measure U. The number multiplying the unit is referred to as the numerical value of the quantity expressed in that unit. Refer to NIST SP 811 section 7 for more on quantity values.

Unit
type: Class
comment: A unit of measure, or unit, is a particular quantity value that has been chosen as a scale for measuring other quantities the same kind (more generally of equivalent dimension). For example, the meter is a quantity of length that has been rigorously defined and standardized by the BIPM (International Board of Weights and Measures). Any measurement of the length can be expressed as a number multiplied by the unit meter. More formally, the value of a physical quantity Q with respect to a unit (U) is expressed as the scalar multiple of a real number (n)

Temporal entity
type: Class
comment: A temporal interval or instant.
union of: Time instant
union of: Time interval

Temporal duration
type: Class
comment: Time extent; duration of a time interval separate from its particular start position

Temporal unit
type: Class
comment: A standard duration, which provides a scale factor for a time extent, or the granularity or precision for a time position.
subclass of: Temporal duration
note: Membership of the class TemporalUnit is open, to allow for other temporal units used in some technical applications (e.g. millions of years, Baha'i month).

Time interval
type: Class
comment: A temporal entity with an extent or duration
subclass of: Temporal entity

Time instant
type: Class
comment: A temporal entity with zero extent or duration
subclass of: Temporal entity

Time duration
type: Class
comment: Duration of a temporal extent expressed as a number scaled by a temporal unit
subclass of: Temporal duration
note: Alternative to time:DurationDescription to support description of a temporal duration other than using a calendar/clock system.

Scheme
type: Class
comment: The Scheme class of SKOS Vocabulary

GFI_Feature
type: Class
comment: The class GFI_Feature (Figure 2) is an instance of the .og.metaclass.cg. GF_FeatureType (ISO 19109). It represents the set of all classes which are feature types. NOTE GFI_Feature is implemented in GML (ISO 19136:2007) by the element gml:AbstractFeature and type gml:AbstractFeatureType. In an implementation this abstract class shall be substituted by a concrete class representing a feature type from an application schema associated with a domain of discourse (ISO 19109, ISO 19101). Sampling Features (Clause 8) are a class of feature-types whose role is primarily associated with observations.

GFI_DomainFeature
type: Class
comment: The class GFI_DomainFeature represents 'real-world' features which are the ultimate subject of an observation campaign, i.e. the features from an application domain that are .lt.i.gt.not .lt..sl.i.gt.artefacts of the observation process (sampling features).
subclass of: GFI_Feature

SF_SamplingFeature
type: Class
comment: .lt.ul.gt. .lt.li.gt..lt.b.gt.Role of sampling features.lt..sl.b.gt..lt..sl.li.gt..lt..sl.ul.gt.Sampling features are artefacts of an observational strategy, and have no significant function outside of their role in the observation process. The physical characteristics of the features themselves are of little interest, except perhaps to the manager of a sampling campaign.EXAMPLE A .ldq.station.rdq. is essentially an identifiable locality where a sensor system or procedure may be deployed and an observation made. In the context of the observation model, it connotes the .ldq.world in the vicinity of the station.rdq., so the observed properties relate to the physical medium at the station, and not to any physical artefact such as a mooring, buoy, benchmark, monument, well, etc. NOTE A transient sampling feature, such as a ships-track or flight-line, may be identified and described, but is unlikely to be revisited exactly. A sampling feature is intended to sample some feature of interest in an application domain. However, in some cases the identity, and even the exact type, of the sampled feature may not be known when observations are made using the sampling features. .lt.ul.gt. .lt.li.gt..lt.b.gt.Classification of sampling features.lt..sl.b.gt..lt..sl.li.gt..lt..sl.ul.gt.A small number of sampling patterns are common across disciplines in observational science. These provide a basis for processing and portrayal tools which are similar across domains, and depend primarily on the geometry of the sample design. Common names for sampling features include specimen, station, profile, transect, path, swath, and scene. These are classified primarily by their topological dimension. Point-located samples are defined in this Clause, extensive samples of various dimensions in Clause 9 and specimens in Clause 10.
subclass of: GFI_Feature

Observation
type: Class
comment: Observation process is a subtype of OM_Process. It is a process used to generate the result of the observation.

Measure
type: Class
deprecated: true
equivalent class: Quantity value

Acoustics Scheme
type: NamedIndividual
type: Scheme
comment: Named individual of AcousticsScheme

Mechanics Scheme
type: NamedIndividual
type: Scheme
comment: Named individual of MechanicsScheme

Periodic And Related Phenomena Scheme
type: NamedIndividual
type: Scheme
comment: Named individual of Periodic And Related Phenomena Scheme

Space And Time Scheme
type: NamedIndividual
type: Scheme
comment: Named individual of SpaceAndTimeScheme

Heat Scheme
type: NamedIndividual
type: Scheme
comment: Named individual of HeatScheme

Electricity And Magnetism Scheme
type: NamedIndividual
type: Scheme
comment: Named individual of ElectricityAndMagnetismScheme

Physical Chemistry And Molecular Physics Scheme
type: NamedIndividual
type: Scheme
comment: Named individual of PhysicalChemistryAndMolecularPhysicsScheme

Solid State Physics Scheme
type: NamedIndividual
type: Scheme
comment: Named individual of SolidStatePhysicsScheme

Light And Related Electromagnetic Radiations Scheme
type: NamedIndividual
type: Scheme
comment: Named individual of LightAndRelatedElectromagneticRadiationsScheme

acceleration
type: NamedIndividual
type: Acceleration
comment: acceleration is a vector property that is an increase of speed of matter at a point per time in a direction. In other words: the derivative of the speed over time. Typically expressed as a = dv/dt.
is in scheme: Space And Time Scheme

carbon content
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concentration
comment: carbon content is a concentration of carbon, both free and bounded
is in scheme: Physical Chemistry And Molecular Physics Scheme

compressibility
type: NamedIndividual
type: Compressibility
comment: compressibility is a property that can be calculated from volume change due to pressure change as -(1/V).dV/dP
is in scheme: Heat Scheme
is in scheme: Mechanics Scheme

concentration
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concentration
comment: concentration is a fraction that is the relative quantity of a substance in a mixture
is in scheme: Physical Chemistry And Molecular Physics Scheme

density
type: NamedIndividual
type: Density
comment: density is a property that is a concentration of matter, measured as a mass per unit volume.
is in scheme: Acoustics Scheme
is in scheme: Mechanics Scheme
is in scheme: Physical Chemistry And Molecular Physics Scheme

distance
type: NamedIndividual
type: Distance
comment: distance is a vector property that is a measure of remoteness between two points, or minimum remoteness between lines or surfaces
is in scheme: Space And Time Scheme

energy flow rate
type: NamedIndividual
type: PropertyKind
comment: Named individual of energyFlowRate

fraction
type: NamedIndividual
type: PropertyKind
comment: Named individual of fraction

length
type: NamedIndividual
type: Distance
comment: length is a distance measured in the direction of the longest side of an item or in the direction of its main axis
is in scheme: Space And Time Scheme

mass per time per area
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mass Per Time Per Area
comment: Named individual of massPerTimePerArea
is in scheme: Mechanics Scheme

power
type: NamedIndividual
type: Power
comment: power is an energy flow rate that is a rate of energy transfer
is in scheme: Electricity And Magnetism Scheme
is in scheme: Mechanics Scheme

pressure
type: NamedIndividual
type: Stress Or Pressure
comment: pressure is a property that is a force applied to, or distributed, over a surface. It is a force perpendicular to the area divided by area (p = dF/dA where dF is the perpendicular component of the force acting on the area element dA).
is in scheme: Mechanics Scheme

property
type: NamedIndividual
type: PropertyKind
comment: Named individual of property

radiance exposure
type: NamedIndividual
type: Radiance Exposure
comment: radiance exposure is a property
is in scheme: Light And Related Electromagnetic Radiations Scheme

scalar Property
type: NamedIndividual
type: PropertyKind
comment: Named individual of scalarProperty

sound energy density
type: NamedIndividual
type: Energy Density
comment: sound energy density is a property that is an energy level due to sound per unit of volume
is in scheme: Acoustics Scheme

sound intensity
type: NamedIndividual
type: Energy Flux
comment: sound intensity is a property that is a sound power per unit of area
is in scheme: Acoustics Scheme

sound power
type: NamedIndividual
type: Power
comment: sound power is a power of sound
is in scheme: Acoustics Scheme

sound pressure
type: NamedIndividual
type: Stress Or Pressure
comment: sound pressure is a pressure that is the difference between the instantaneous total pressure and the static pressure
is in scheme: Acoustics Scheme
is in scheme: Mechanics Scheme

surface density
type: NamedIndividual
type: Surface Density
comment: surface density is a property that is a mass per unit of area
is in scheme: Mechanics Scheme

temperature
type: NamedIndividual
type: Temperature
comment: Named individual of temperature
is in scheme: Heat Scheme
is in scheme: Solid State Physics Scheme

vapour compressibility
type: NamedIndividual
type: Compressibility
comment: vapour compressibility is a compressibility of a vapour
is in scheme: Heat Scheme
is in scheme: Physical Chemistry And Molecular Physics Scheme

vapour pressure
type: NamedIndividual
type: Stress Or Pressure
comment: vapour pressure is a pressure of the vapour phase of a substance over the liquid phase when the phases are in equilibrium
is in scheme: Mechanics Scheme

vector property
type: NamedIndividual
type: PropertyKind
comment: Named individual of vectorProperty

velocity
type: NamedIndividual
type: Velocity Or Speed
comment: velocity is a vector property that is time rate of motion of matter at a point in a fixed direction. Typically also used for the relative velocity with reference to a point on the earth (v = ds/dt where s is the displacement and t is the time)
is in scheme: Light And Related Electromagnetic Radiations Scheme
is in scheme: Space And Time Scheme

critical build-up speed
type: NamedIndividual
type: Rotational Speed
is in scheme: Acoustics Scheme
is in scheme: Periodic And Related Phenomena Scheme
comment: critical build-up speed is a rotational speed that is the lowest speed at which the machine voltage builds up under specified conditions

critical torsional speed
type: NamedIndividual
type: Rotational Speed
is in scheme: Acoustics Scheme
is in scheme: Periodic And Related Phenomena Scheme
comment: critical torsional speed is a rotational speed at which the amplitudes of the vibrations of a machine rotor due to shaft torsional vibration reach their maximum values

critical whirling speed
type: NamedIndividual
type: Rotational Speed
is in scheme: Acoustics Scheme
is in scheme: Periodic And Related Phenomena Scheme
comment: critical whirling speed is a rotational speed at which the amplitudes of the vibrations of a machine rotor due to shaft whirling vibration reach their maximum values

pseudo vector property
type: NamedIndividual
type: PropertyKind
comment: Named individual of pseudovectorProperty

rotational speed
type: NamedIndividual
type: Rotational Speed
is in scheme: Acoustics Scheme
is in scheme: Periodic And Related Phenomena Scheme
is in scheme: Space And Time Scheme
comment: rotational speed is a property that is the rate of rotation of a material around an axis

synchronous pull-out torque
type: NamedIndividual
type: Energy
is in scheme: Mechanics Scheme
comment: synchronous pull-out torque is a torque that is the maximum torque that a synchronous machine can develop without loss of synchronism while operating at rated voltage, frequency and excitation

synchronous speed
type: NamedIndividual
type: Rotational Speed
is in scheme: Acoustics Scheme
is in scheme: Periodic And Related Phenomena Scheme
comment: synchronous speed is a rotational speed that results from the frequency of the system to which the machine is connected and either the number of poles or the number of projections in the machine

torque
type: NamedIndividual
type: Energy
is in scheme: Mechanics Scheme
comment: torque is a property that is a twisting force being a product of a force and a distance. The force is applied to something that has a role as a lever and the distance is the distance between the point on the lever where the force applies and the fulcrum of the lever

Day (unit of temporal duration)
type: Temporal unit
comment: Day (unit of temporal duration)

Hour (unit of temporal duration)
type: Temporal unit
comment: Hour (unit of temporal duration)

Minute (unit of temporal duration)
type: Temporal unit
comment: Minute (unit of temporal duration)

Month (unit of temporal duration)
type: Temporal unit
comment: Month (unit of temporal duration)

Second (unit of temporal duration)
type: Temporal unit
comment: Second (unit of temporal duration)

Week (unit of temporal duration)
type: Temporal unit
comment: Week (unit of temporal duration)

Year (unit of temporal duration)
type: Temporal unit
comment: Year (unit of temporal duration)