{ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "[Sebastian Raschka](http://www.sebastianraschka.com)\n", "\n", "[back](https://github.com/rasbt/matplotlib-gallery) to the `matplotlib-gallery` at [https://github.com/rasbt/matplotlib-gallery](https://github.com/rasbt/matplotlib-gallery)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 1, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "%load_ext watermark" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 2, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Last updated: 30/07/2014 \n", "\n", "CPython 3.4.1\n", "IPython 2.1.0\n", "\n", "matplotlib 1.3.1\n", "numpy 1.8.1\n", "scipy 0.14.0\n" ] } ], "source": [ "%watermark -u -v -d -p matplotlib,numpy,scipy" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 3, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "%matplotlib inline" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# Errorbar Plots in matplotlib" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Sections" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "- [Standard Deviation, Standard Error, and Confidence Intervals](#Standard-Deviation,-Standard-Error,-and-Confidence-Intervals)\n", "- [Adding error bars to a barplot](#Adding-error-bars-to-a-barplot)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "
\n", "
" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# Standard Deviation, Standard Error, and Confidence Intervals" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "[[back to top](#Sections)]" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 4, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "image/png": 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"text/plain": [ "" ] }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" } ], "source": [ "import numpy as np\n", "from matplotlib import pyplot as plt\n", "from scipy.stats import t\n", "\n", "# Generating 15 random data points in the range 5-15 (inclusive)\n", "X = np.random.randint(5, 15, 15)\n", "\n", "# sample size\n", "n = X.size\n", "\n", "# mean\n", "X_mean = np.mean(X)\n", "\n", "# standard deviation\n", "X_std = np.std(X)\n", "\n", "# standard error\n", "X_se = X_std / np.sqrt(n)\n", "# alternatively:\n", "# from scipy import stats\n", "# stats.sem(X)\n", "\n", "# 95% Confidence Interval\n", "\n", "dof = n - 1 # degrees of freedom\n", "alpha = 1.0 - 0.95\n", "conf_interval = t.ppf(1-alpha/2., dof) * X_std*np.sqrt(1.+1./n)\n", "\n", "fig = plt.gca()\n", "plt.errorbar(1, X_mean, yerr=X_std, fmt='-o')\n", "plt.errorbar(2, X_mean, yerr=X_se, fmt='-o')\n", "plt.errorbar(3, X_mean, yerr=conf_interval, fmt='-o')\n", "\n", "plt.xlim([0,4])\n", "plt.ylim(X_mean-conf_interval-2, X_mean+conf_interval+2)\n", "\n", "# axis formatting\n", "fig.axes.get_xaxis().set_visible(False)\n", "fig.spines[\"top\"].set_visible(False) \n", "fig.spines[\"right\"].set_visible(False) \n", "plt.tick_params(axis=\"both\", which=\"both\", bottom=\"off\", top=\"off\", \n", " labelbottom=\"on\", left=\"on\", right=\"off\", labelleft=\"on\") \n", "\n", "plt.legend(['Standard Deviation', 'Standard Error', 'Confidence Interval'], \n", " loc='upper left',\n", " numpoints=1,\n", " fancybox=True)\n", "\n", "plt.ylabel('random variable')\n", "plt.title('15 random values in the range 5-15')\n", "\n", "plt.show()" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "
\n", "
" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# Adding error bars to a barplot" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "[[back to top](#Sections)]" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 7, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "image/png": 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"text/plain": [ "" ] }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" } ], "source": [ "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", "\n", "# input data\n", "mean_values = [1, 2, 3]\n", "variance = [0.2, 0.4, 0.5]\n", "bar_labels = ['bar 1', 'bar 2', 'bar 3']\n", "\n", "fig = plt.gca()\n", "\n", "# plot bars\n", "x_pos = list(range(len(bar_labels)))\n", "plt.bar(x_pos, mean_values, yerr=variance, align='center', alpha=0.5)\n", "\n", "# set height of the y-axis\n", "max_y = max(zip(mean_values, variance)) # returns a tuple, here: (3, 5)\n", "plt.ylim([0, (max_y[0] + max_y[1]) * 1.1])\n", "\n", "# set axes labels and title\n", "plt.ylabel('variable y')\n", "plt.xticks(x_pos, bar_labels)\n", "plt.title('Bar plot with error bars')\n", "\n", "# axis formatting\n", "fig.axes.get_xaxis().set_visible(False)\n", "fig.spines[\"top\"].set_visible(False) \n", "fig.spines[\"right\"].set_visible(False) \n", "plt.tick_params(axis=\"both\", which=\"both\", bottom=\"off\", top=\"off\", \n", " labelbottom=\"on\", left=\"on\", right=\"off\", labelleft=\"on\") \n", "\n", "plt.show()" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [], "source": [] } ], "metadata": { "kernelspec": { "display_name": "Python 3", "language": "python", "name": "python3" }, "language_info": { "codemirror_mode": { "name": "ipython", "version": 3 }, "file_extension": ".py", "mimetype": "text/x-python", "name": "python", "nbconvert_exporter": "python", "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", "version": "3.4.3" } }, "nbformat": 4, "nbformat_minor": 0 }