id,date,date_added,title,type,link,language,author,keywords,description,other,image,selected_collection
1,2008-10-31,,Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System ,article,https://www.bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,whitepaper,A  purely   peer-to-peer   version   of   electronic   cash   would   allow   online payments   to   be   sent   directly   from   one   party   to   another   without   going   through   a financial institution.,,whitepaper.jpg,1
2,2018-03-02,,The Bullish Case for Bitcoin,article,https://vijayboyapati.medium.com/the-bullish-case-for-bitcoin-6ecc8bdecc1,en,Vijay Boyapati,"history, money","The bullish case for Bitcoin is compelling but far from obvious. There are significant risks to investing in Bitcoin, but, as I will argue, there is still an immense opportunity.",,bull.jpg,1
3,2021-05-05,,How Much Energy Does Bitcoin Actually Consume?,article,https://hbr.org/2021/05/how-much-energy-does-bitcoin-actually-consume,en,Nic Carter,"energy, environment","Today, Bitcoin consumes as much energy as a small country. This certainly sounds alarming — but the reality is a little more complicated. The author discusses several common misconceptions surrounding the Bitcoin sustainability debate, and ultimately argues that it’s up to the crypto community to acknowledge and address environmental concerns, work in good faith to reduce Bitcoin’s carbon footprint, and ultimately demonstrate that the societal value that Bitcoin provides is worth the resources needed to sustain it.",,,
4,2020-10-27,,Three Myths about Bitcoin’s Energy Consumption,article,https://blog.trezor.io/three-myths-about-bitcoins-energy-consumption-ef613a1f3d5,en,Dominik Stroukal,"energy, environment",,,,
5,2021-05,,On Bitcoin's Energy Consumption: A Quantitative Approach to a Subjective Question,article,https://docsend.com/view/adwmdeeyfvqwecj2,en,Galaxy Digital Mining,"mining, energy",,,,
6,2019-06-16,,Natural gas venting: How Bitcoin solved a 160 year old problem,article,https://www.upstreamdata.ca/post/natural-gas-venting-how-bitcoin-solved-a-160-year-old-problem,en,Steve Barbour,"natural-gas, energy","Vented natural gas is the controlled release of produced gas into the atmosphere. It typically comes out of solution with the produced oil but in many cases it is simply leakage from pipe, valves, tanks or instrumentation. Some facilities have infrequent, small releases while some sites release gas up to and beyond regulated limits. Natural gas release is a particularly bad carbon emitter because it is mostly made of methane, which has 25 - 30 times the global warming potential than carbon dioxide per unit mass.",,,
7,2021-05-28,,Bitcoin Mining and the Case for More Energy,article,https://bitcoinandenergy.medium.com/bitcoin-mining-and-the-case-for-more-energy-90094ce25fac,en,"Hodl'n Caulfield, Selene Lindstrom","energy, mining",,,,
8,2020-11-13,,Addressing Persisting Bitcoin Criticisms,article,https://www.fidelitydigitalassets.com/articles/addressing-bitcoin-criticisms,en,Ria Bhutoria,"volatility, store-of-value, energy, illegal, competitor, not-backed-by-anything","In this piece, we review and respond to criticisms and misconceptions that continue to come up in our conversations. The criticisms outlined below have been addressed many times over, but we wanted to share an updated response given the increase in attention on Bitcoin.",,,
9,,,Critique #4: Bitcoin Wastes Energy,article,https://casebitcoin.com/critiques/bitcoin-wastes-energy,en,Case Bitcoin,energy,"Bitcoin's energy spend is required to do three things: fairly distribute new bitcoin according to bitcoin's monetary policy, allow anyone to participate in the bitcoin network on even footing, and create the strong security assurances around bitcoin's transaction settlement. Any financial system will have certain properties and guarantees, and they never come for free.",,,
10,,,End the FUD,collection,https://endthefud.org,en,,fud,"A collection of articles addressing the usual FUD, sorted by category",,,
11,,,Estudio Bitcoin,collection,https://estudiobitcoin.com,es,,,A bit of everything to introduce you to the world of Bitcoin,,,
12,,,Bitcoiner books,collection,https://www.bitcoinerbooks.com,en,,,A collection of books for Bitcoiners,,,
13,,,Case Bitcoin,collection,https://casebitcoin.com/,en,Case Bitcoin,,Making the case for bitcoin every day with articles and other resources,,,
14,,,Libbitcoin,collection,https://github.com/libbitcoin/libbitcoin-system/wiki,en,,c++,The libbitcoin toolkit is a set of cross platform C++ libraries for building bitcoin applications. There are also in this resource a lot of articles discussing Bitcoin from different points of view.,,,
15,,,Getting started with Bitcoin,collection,https://www.lopp.net/bitcoin-information/getting-started.html#misconceptions,en,,,"A collection of articles for getting started with Bitcoin, from the first steps to the misconceptions, and much more.",,,
16,,,"Why Bitcoin, The Series",collection,https://tomerstrolight.medium.com/why-bitcoin-the-series-660fe20ec244,en,Tomer Strolight,,"Bitcoin is a vast subject, with countless facets, angles and perspectives. It can be looked at, thought about and appreciated in many ways. By writing very short pieces I hope to take a single snapshot of Bitcoin from a different perspective with each one, so that the reader may upon finishing, better understand the whole.",,,
17,,,"Gradually, Then Suddenly",collection,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/series/gradually-then-suddenly/,en,Parker Lewis,,A series of articles of reference in the Bitcoin world,,,
18,2019-12,,Bitcoin Mining Network Update,article,https://coinshares.com/research/bitcoin-mining-network-december-2019,en,CoinShares,"mining, energy","The Bitcoin mining industry is notoriously opaque and misconceptions about the network are common,so we strive to separate the facts from fiction. In this fourth edition of our biannual report we investigate the geographic distribution, composition, efficiency, electricity consumption and  electricity sources of the Bitcoin mining network. We also investigate trends in hashrate, hardware costs, hardware efficiency and marginal creation costs. This is the definitive resource on theBitcoin mining network.",,,
19,2018-09-14,,PoW is Efficient,article,https://danhedl.medium.com/pow-is-efficient-aa3d442754d3,en,Dan Held,"energy, mining, pow","Most people think #Bitcoin’s PoW is “wasteful.” In this article, I explore how everything is energy, money is energy, energy usage is subjective, and PoW’s energy costs relative to existing governance systems. This article is a collection of direct thoughts from many individuals in the space — my value-add was in the aggregation, distillation, and combination of narratives.",,,
20,2017-04-07,,Op Ed: Bitcoin Miners Consume A Reasonable Amount of Energy — And It's All Worth It,article,https://bitcoinmagazine.com/business/op-ed-bitcoin-miners-consume-reasonable-amount-energy-and-its-all-worth-it,en,Marc Bevand,"mining, energy","We have all seen photos of large data centers hosting mining hardware built from specialized ASICs designed to solve the Bitcoin proof-of-work (a double SHA256 hash.) These data centers tend to be located in places with inexpensive electricity, often where hydroelectricity is plentiful, like Washington State in the U.S. But how much electricity is consumed by these miners? Knowing this helps us to better understand the economics and financial opportunities of Bitcoin mining. Previous estimates have not been very accurate, often making simplistic assumptions. So I decided to conduct the most exhaustive research on this topic that I could.",,,
21,2018-01-09,,Bitcoin Mining Wastes Energy? What If That’s Good?,article,https://www.coindesk.com/bitcoin-mining-wastes-energy-thats-good-thing,en,Michael J. Casey,"mining, energy","I am frustrated by the debate over whether or not bitcoin is an environmental disaster waiting to happen. No one seems to know what assumptions to use. Depending on what efficiency ratios we assume for currently operating ASIC mining rigs, they’re either consuming 35 terawatt-hours per year, the equivalent of Denmark, or something far less, closer perhaps to Bolivia. The stinginess of mining pools to provide information about their operations can be partly blamed for this.",,,
22,2020-03-23,,Bitcoin: A Bold American Future,article,https://journal.bitcoinreserve.com/bitcoin-a-bold-american-future/,en,Conner Brown,"mining, energy, america","America’s future is in question. Public and private debt are rising to record levels and economic growth remains stagnant. Despite unprecedented fiscal and monetary intervention after the financial crisis, results have been disappointing. The American people do not need accounting tricks or more debt, but true innovation. Thankfully, Bitcoin provides a way forward.",,,
23,2021-05-24,,FACT CHECK: Is Bitcoin mining environmentally unfriendly?,article,https://blog.coinbase.com/fact-check-is-bitcoin-mining-environmentally-unfriendly-3559823af6f1,en,Coinbase,"mining, environment, energy","As Bitcoin has become increasingly mainstream, questions about how it works have naturally arisen among both investors and the general public. One of those questions is about the potential environmental impact of mining, which is the process the blockchain uses to generate new bitcoin and verify transactions.",,,
24,2017-12-17,,Energy Exhaustion Fallacy,article,https://github.com/libbitcoin/libbitcoin-system/wiki/Energy-Exhaustion-Fallacy,en,Eric Voskuil,"energy, exhaustion, pow","The purpose of any security measure is to create a cost necessary to overcome the measure; i.e. a financial barrier. Bitcoin creates its double-spend barrier by compelling the attacker to replace the branch of the targeted transaction with one of probabilistically greater work. Interestingly, such a replacement raises the barrier to subsequent attackers. The energy expended is not independently important, the erected barrier is the attacker's necessary financial burden.",,,
25,,,Un podcast sobre Bitcoin,podcast,https://albertomera.org/un-podcast-sobre-bitcoin/,es,Alberto Mera,"technology, economics, investments","Bitcoin como tecnología, como activo de inversión, como idea. Cada semana discuto estos aspectos con gestores de fondos, participantes del sector financiero, techies, liberales y otras personas relevantes de este sector en auge.",,,
26,,,Lunaticoin,podcast,https://anchor.fm/lunaticoin/,es,Lunaticoin,"technology, economics, investments",Conecto con personas de habla hispana con perfil propio dentro del mundo #bitcoin y comparto su valor,,,
27,2017-11-20,,The Bitcoin vs Visa Electricity Consumption Fallacy,article,https://hackernoon.com/the-bitcoin-vs-visa-electricity-consumption-fallacy-8cf194987a50,en,Carlos Domingo,"visa, transactions, energy",,,,
28,2021-04-15,,"On Bitcoin, the Gray Lady Embraces Climate Lysenkoism",article,https://medium.com/@nic__carter/on-bitcoin-the-gray-lady-embraces-climate-lysenkoism-a2d31e465ec0,en,Nic Carter,"environment, energy",How the NYT wields junk science in their attacks on Bitcoin,,,
29,2021-02-08,,What Bloomberg Gets Wrong About Bitcoin’s Climate Footprint,article,https://www.coindesk.com/what-bloomberg-gets-wrong-about-bitcoins-climate-footprint,en,Nic Carter,"energy, environment","Recently, Bloomberg published a piece calling Bitcoin an “incredibly dirty business.” It’s undeniable that the Bitcoin blockchain has a carbon footprint. Some bitcoins are mined with non-renewable energy, although plenty is mined with hydro, nuclear, or otherwise-vented natural gas, too. No one contests the externality of bitcoin, although the precise carbon footprint is debated. However, the article, by opinion columnist Lionel Laurent unfortunately relies on the flawed assumption that individual bitcoin transactions carry an energy overhead.",,,
30,2021-03-05,,"The Frustrating, Maddening, All-Consuming Bitcoin Energy Debate",article,https://www.coindesk.com/frustrating-maddening-all-consuming-bitcoin-energy-debate,en,Nic Carter,"energy, environment","The Bitcoin energy debate rumbles on, seemingly without end. Bitcoiners are rightfully frustrated at having to defend Bitcoin’s share of global energy production, given the lack of equivalent scrutiny applied to other apparently wasteful applications which consume similar amounts of energy. In a sense, arguing over minutiae like the energy mix of bitcoin miners, as I have done in the past, is to miss the point. The question ultimately boils down not to the particulars of mining but rather the societal merit of non-state money.",,,
31,2021-04-29,,Uncovering The Hidden Costs Of The Petrodollar,article,https://bitcoinmagazine.com/culture/the-hidden-costs-of-the-petrodollar,en,Alex Gladstein,"petrodollar, energy, environment","In its growth from conceptual white paper to trillion-dollar asset, Bitcoin has attracted an enormous amount of criticism. Detractors focus on its perceived negative externalities: energy consumption, carbon footprint, lack of centralized control and inability to be regulated. Regardless of the validity of these arguments, few critics stop to think comparatively about the negative externalities of the world’s current financial system of dollar hegemony.",,,
32,2018-04-21,,Carbon Footprint differences: BTC vs Banks,article,https://medium.com/@mukeat/carbon-footprint-differences-btc-vsbanks-a5f8f0b844d0,en,Stackmore,"environment, carbon, energy",Bitcoin is criticized heavily due to its high resource use and high carbon footprint. So in this article I want to compare the CO2 footprint of Banks and BTC.,,,
33,2021-05-21,,Bitcoin Is The First Global Market For Electricity And Will Unleash Renewables,article,https://www.citadel21.com/bitcoin-is-the-first-global-market-for-electricity-and-will-unleash-renewables,en,Nima Tabatabai,"energy, market, renewables","With bitcoin increasingly functioning as a highly liquid, global monetary good (now among the top 10 global currencies by most measures), it is more apt to think of Bitcoin mining as a new global market for electricity which is very different to the grid-based markets we are accustomed to.",,,
34,2021-03-29,,Noahbjectivity on Bitcoin Mining,article,https://medium.com/@nic__carter/noahbjectivity-on-bitcoin-mining-2052226310cb,en,Nic Carter,"mining, energy, environment",A response to Noah Smith,,,
35,2017-11-16,,Green energy and Bitcoin,article,https://medium.com/hackernoon/green-energy-and-bitcoin-eb7961f38382,en,Knut Svanholm,"energy, environment, renewables",There’s a lot of concern about the environmental impact of Bitcoin in general and Bitcoin mining in particular. The most common critique is that Bitcoin mining requires massive amounts of power. A single Bitcoin transaction can use up electricity equivalent to what a normal sized villa uses in a week. It certainly seems like an enormous waste. Is it? Is there another way of looking at this? Let’s examine the issue.,,,
36,2021-05-20,,Jack Dorsey Says Bitcoin Can Make the World Greener. Could He Be Right?,article,https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2021/05/jack-dorsey-says-bitcoin-is-climate-friendly-is-he-right.html,en,Jen Wieczner,"renewables, energy, environment","The day before Earth Day this year, Jack Dorsey, Twitter’s CEO, tweeted that '#bitcoin incentivizes renewable energy.' ",,,
37,2018-12-06,,Beware of Lazy Research: Let’s Talk Electricity Waste & How Bitcoin Mining Can Power A Renewable Energy Renaissance,article,https://medium.com/coinshares/beware-of-lazy-research-c828c900b7d5,en,Christopher Bendiksen,"mining, energy, pow",At this point you probably haven’t missed it: the hottest narrative in the anti-Bitcoin playbook is the environmentalist attack on Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus algorithms. Exhibit A:,,,
38,2021-04-04,,Addressing Concerns About Bitcoin’s Electricity Use,article,https://mdotbit.medium.com/addressing-concerns-about-bitcoins-electricity-use-378e0de4af42,en,mBit,"mining, energy",Bitcoin mining is a catalyst for more sustainable energy production,,,
39,2017-12-14,,How Bitcoin could drive the clean energy revolution,article,https://www.coincenter.org/how-bitcoin-could-drive-the-clean-energy-revolution/,en,Peter Van Valkenburgh,"renewables, energy","The system’s economic incentives favor clean, renewable, energy",,,
40,2021-04-22,,Comparing Bitcoin’s Environmental Impact…,article,https://hassmccook.medium.com/comparing-bitcoins-environmental-impact-f56b18014f64,en,Hass McCook,"environment, energy","Bitcoin’s energy consumption and environmental impact is something that is commented on very regularly, but ultimately, is something that is rarely understood. The majority of arguments stem from comparisons of Bitcoin to particular nation states, or some other apples to oranges comparison. Critics can’t even separate “energy use” from “electricity use”.",,,
41,2021-06-14,,Is Bitcoin an Environmental Disaster?,article,https://www.pairagraph.com/dialogue/9f0dfc47978740ebb0439efaadf23f41/2,en,"Alex de Vries, Dominic Frisby","environment, energy",,,,
42,2021-06-15,,Bitcoin Emits Less Than 2% Of The World’s Military-Industrial Complex Carbon Emissions,article,https://bitcoinmagazine.com/culture/bitcoin-vs-world-military-emissions,en,Hass McCook,"energy, carbon, military",Published research shows Bitcoin mining produces a mere fraction of the carbon emissions coming from the world’s military-industrial complex,,,
43,2018-06-10,,Bitcoin's Energy Consumption: A shift in perspective,article,https://dergigi.com/2018/06/10/bitcoin-s-energy-consumption/,en,Der Gigi,"energy, environment","You might have heard that Bitcoin wastes a tremendous amount of energy. You might also have heard that Bitcoin will use half a percent of the world’s electric energy by the end of the year, the computations used for mining don’t do anything useful, and if the current rate of growth continues it will suck up all the energy and we are all going to die.",,,
44,2019-09-15,,"Yellow Rock Bad, Orange Coin Good: Environmental & Social Impacts of Gold & Bitcoin",video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ns_I2LpeAbQ&t=26084s,en,Hodl Hodl,"energy, environment, mining, gold",Full recording of day 2 of the 2019 Baltic Honeybadger Bitcoin conference,,,
45,2021-03-28,,Why Bitcoin’s Imitators Are Scams,article,https://tomerstrolight.medium.com/why-bitcoins-imitators-are-scams-e38fab4c78ba,en,Tomer Strolight,shitcoins,Welcome newcomer. You’ve of course heard of Bitcoin. And you’ve probably heard you can make or lose a lot of money on it. This article is intended to help you not lose money by explaining ,,,
46,2019-07-22,,"It’s the settlement assurances, stupid",article,https://medium.com/@nic__carter/its-the-settlement-assurances-stupid-5dcd1c3f4e41,en,Nic Carter,shitcoins,How to evaluate blockchains,,,
47,2019-09-06,,"Bitcoin, Not Blockchain",article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoin-not-blockchain/,en,Parker Lewis,shitcoins,"Part of the series ""Gradually, then suddenly""",,,
48,2020-04-21,,On the fairness of a non-inflationary currency,article,https://github.com/raulcano/articles/blob/master/fairness-of-deflationary-currency.md,en,Raúl Cano,"inflation, justice","My intuition tells me that creating money out of thin air is not a good thing. Another intuition I have is that whenever a person decides to delay spending their money and store away the value of their work, it is fair that no one should be able to arbitrarily take away their purchase power. ",,,
49,2020-04-23,,Second defense of a non-inflationary currency,article,https://github.com/raulcano/articles/blob/master/second-defense-non-inflationary-currency.md,en,Raúl Cano,"inflation, justice","This piece is a follow-up of my first one on the fairness of a non-inflationary currency. Since I wrote that, some friends raised a couple of arguments which I'd like to address here. To be precise, I don't think these arguments are new, rather a variation of the ones discussed in the first piece, but still worth the effort of analysing them individually",,,
50,2020-04-30,,Printing money is a bad policy,article,https://github.com/raulcano/articles/blob/master/printing-money-bad-policy.md,en,Raúl Cano,"inflation, justice","Natural catastrophes, ranging from climate-related ones to pandemics are part of the world we live in. If we want to be consistently moral and fair in our defense of how to improve the economy in such scenarios, the strategy we follow to protect us from the latest disaster must necessarily consider that there will be future ones. Not taking that into account ignores the future victims, which are a direct consequence of our current actions, of building a fragile society based on debt, spending and inflation; these future victims are as worthy of our protection as the current ones but, unluckily for them, they are harder to track and link to the original cause of their disgrace.",,,
51,2020-08-20,,Price stability revisited,article,https://github.com/raulcano/articles/blob/master/inflation-and-price-stability.md,en,Raúl Cano,"inflation, justice","With a rate of monetary inflation pegged to productivity, we lose information about the evolution of the means of production of products and services. With no monetary inflation however, knowledge is better relayed since prices are attached to each element in the economy and affected by its relevant characteristics, instead of being aggregated into arbitrary indices which are unfairly composed and ignore the individual choices of each person.",,,
52,,,Analyzing Bitcoin’s Network Effect,article,https://www.lynalden.com/bitcoins-network-effect/,en,Lyn Alden,"shitcoins, network-effects","This article takes a look at how bitcoin derives its value from its network effect, why that network effect is difficult for a competitor to displace, and what some of the risks are to be aware of so that investors can continue to assess the health of the network.",,,
53,,,An Economic Analysis of Ethereum,article,https://www.lynalden.com/ethereum-analysis/,en,Lyn Alden,"shitcoins, ethereum","Ethereum is the second largest digital asset in the world by market capitalization after Bitcoin, and it enables a big ecosystem of other tokens on top of it. This gives it the only other major network effect in the space.",,,
54,,,Literature section from the Nakamoto Institute,collection,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/literature/,en,Nakamoto Institute,origins,Bitcoin was not forged in a vacuum. These works serve to contextualize Bitcoin into the broader story of cryptography and freedom.,,,
55,,,Every Reason Bitcoin Will Not Fail,article,https://safehodl.github.io/failure,en,Safe Hodl,general,A comprehensive rebuttal addressing the most common criticisms of Bitcoin,,,
56,,,Critique #6: Bitcoin Can Be Cloned,article,https://casebitcoin.com/critiques/bitcoin-can-be-cloned,en,Case Bitcoin,"scarcity, shitcoins",Answer to the common critique that 'bitcoin can be cloned',,,
57,2019-04-26,,Shitcoin Definition,article,https://github.com/libbitcoin/libbitcoin-system/wiki/Shitcoin-Definition,en,Eric Voskuil,shitcoins,Definition of what is a shitcoin,,,
58,2021-01-11,,Bitcoin: Addressing the Ponzi Scheme Characterization,article,https://www.lynalden.com/bitcoin-ponzi-scheme/,en,Lyn Alden,ponzi,"One of the concerns I’ve seen aimed at Bitcoin is the claim that it’s a Ponzi scheme. The argument suggests that because the Bitcoin network is continually reliant on new people buying in, that eventually it will collapse in price as new buyers are exhausted.",,,
59,,,Critique #5: Bitcoin is Used By Criminals,article,https://casebitcoin.com/critiques/bitcoin-is-used-by-criminals,en,Case Bitcoin,criminals,Response to the critique that Bitcoin is used by drug dealers and money launderers therefore it is bad.,,,
60,2019-12-27,,In support of the proof of work [un]fair launch,article,https://medium.com/@nic__carter/in-support-of-the-proof-of-work-un-fair-launch-cd6e8f06358f,en,Nic Carter,"pow, justice","The presence of ASICs in Proof of Work systems has always been deeply contentious. At maturity, ASICs enhance the security of the network (by forcing miners to take a long term stake in the success of the protocol), but in the transitional phase, the first hardware manufacturer to build ASICs has a near-monopoly on the minting of new coins. This can lead to the existence of an informal form of seigniorage — minting money at a discount to its market value.",,,
61,2018-08-06,,ASIC Resistance is Nothing but a Blockchain Buzzword,article,https://medium.com/hackernoon/asic-resistance-is-nothing-but-a-blockchain-buzzword-b91d3d770366,en,StopAndDecrypt,pow,Changing Bitcoin’s Proof-of-Work is a Futile Endeavor,,,
62,2018-10-04,,Bitcoin’s Distribution was Fair,article,https://danhedl.medium.com/bitcoins-distribution-was-fair-e2ef7bbbc892,en,Dan Held,"pow, justice","As Bitcoin rises in popularity, and continues to challenge mainstream thought, there will be concerns around certain parameters of its existence. One of those is that the distribution of Bitcoin wasn’t “fair,” particularly in the earlier stages of network development. I’ll dive into the timeline surrounding Bitcoin’s launch, and provide a thorough debunking of unfair early distribution claims.",,,
63,2020-11-11,,7 Misconceptions About Bitcoin,article,https://www.lynalden.com/misconceptions-about-bitcoin/,en,Lyn Alden,"volatility, money, scalability, ban, energy","I’ve received many emails about Bitcoin over this summer and autumn. I’ve answered several of them via email, but figured I would summarize the most popular ones into a quick article on the subject. These are common misconceptions, risks, or questions.",,,
64,2019-08-08,,Value Proposition,article,https://github.com/libbitcoin/libbitcoin-system/wiki/Value-Proposition,en,Eric Voskuil,money,The value of Bitcoin over its alternatives derives directly from removing the state from control over both monetary supply and transaction censorship,,,
65,,,Subjective theory of value,article,https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjective_theory_of_value,en,Wikipedia,"money, value, economics","The subjective theory of value is a theory of value which advances the idea that the value of a good is not determined by any inherent property of the good, nor by the amount of labor necessary to produce the good, but instead value is determined by the importance an acting individual places on a good for the achievement of his desired ends",,,
66,,,Critique #1: Bitcoin Has No Intrinsic Value,article,https://casebitcoin.com/critiques/no-intrinsic-value,en,Case Bitcoin,"value, not-backed-by-anything","Rebuttal to the critique that Bitcoin is purely digital & backed by nothing, and therefore has no intrinsic value.",,,
67,2020-02-11,,Regression Fallacy,article,https://github.com/libbitcoin/libbitcoin-system/wiki/Regression-Fallacy,en,Eric Voskuil,"economics, value","The Regression Theorem relies on the assumption that the first people to value something as a money must do so based on a memory of its prior use value, with the thing eventually obtaining barter utility and finally monetary value.",,,
68,,,Critique #7: Bitcoin is a Bubble,article,https://casebitcoin.com/critiques/bitcoin-is-a-bubble,en,Case Bitcoin,"volatility, bubble","Rebuttal to the critique that like tulip-bulbs hundreds of years ago, Bitcoin is a retail mania, and it will collapse.",,,
69,,,Critique #11: Bitcoin is Being Pumped by Tether,article,https://casebitcoin.com/critiques/bitcoin-is-pumped-by-tether,en,Case Bitcoin,tether,"Rebuttal to the critique that Tether is a ponzi-scheme; new units are issued out of thin air and used to buy bitcoin, dramatically and artificially inflating the price of BTC.",,,
70,2021-01-21,,Don't fear Tether,article,https://danheld.substack.com/p/dont-fear-tether,en,Dan Held,tether,"Whenever Bitcoin has a bull run, naysayers try to cope with missing the boat by rationalizing why it will fail through “Fear, Uncertainty, and Doubt” (FUD). Most of these are completely unsubstantiated, but annoyingly persist as negative narratives Bitcoin must fight against.",,,
71,2009-11-10,,Inflation and Deflation,article,https://mises.org/library/inflation-and-deflation,en,Ludwig von Mises,"inflation, deflation","The services money renders are conditioned by the height of its purchasing power. Nobody wants to have in his cash holding a definite number of pieces of money or a definite weight of money; he wants to keep a cash holding of a definite amount of purchasing power. As the operation of the market tends to determine the final state of money's purchasing power at a height at which the supply of and the demand for money coincide, there can never be an excess or a deficiency of money.",,,
72,,,Blockchain demo,tool,https://andersbrownworth.com/blockchain/blockchain,en,Anders Brownworth,"blockchain, simulator",A tool to try out how you can link blocks in a simple blockchain,,,
73,2020-08-08,,Whirlpool + Postmix Spending FAQ,guide,https://bitcoiner.guide/whirlpool/,en,BitcoinQ+A,"whirpool, samurai, coinjoin",A guide to guide you through the main aspects of Whirpool coinjoin,,whirlpool.jpg,3
74,2016-06-14,,What’s Wrong with Proof of Stake?,article,https://medium.com/@BobMcElrath/whats-wrong-with-proof-of-stake-77d4f370be15,en,Bob McElrath,"pow, pos","Using computers to manage assets is not new. Indeed that’s a major reason computers were invented. What, then, makes Bitcoin and blockchains different?",,,
75,2019-04-20,,Proof of Stake Fallacy,article,https://github.com/libbitcoin/libbitcoin-system/wiki/Proof-of-Stake-Fallacy,en,Eric Voskuil,"pos, pow",Confirmation security requires a person of authority to order transactions. Bitcoin periodically assigns this authority to the miner who produces the greatest proof of work. All forms of work necessarily reduce to energy consumption. It is essential that such proof be independent of the chain history. We can refer to this as “external” proof.,,,
76,2015-08-04,,Nothing is Cheaper than Proof of Work,article,https://www.truthcoin.info/blog/pow-cheapest/,en,Paul Sztorc,"pow, pos",So-called “alternatives” to Proof-of-Work “waste” just as much “work”.,,,
77,2015-03-22,,On Stake and Consensus,article,https://download.wpsoftware.net/bitcoin/pos.pdf,en,Andrew Poelstra,"pos, pow",Why proof-of-stake and similar mechanisms are fundamentally unable to produce a distributed consensuswithin Bitcoin’s trust model,,,
78,2014-11-16,,"Long Live Proof-of-Work, Long Live Mining",article,https://www.truthcoin.info/blog/pow-and-mining/,en,Paul Sztorc,"pow, mining","Satoshi got it right: [1] proof of work ensures distributed consensus, and [2] mining ensures an economically-viable network.",,,
79,2018-03-18,,Proof-of-Stake & the Wrong Engineering Mindset,article,https://hugonguyen.medium.com/proof-of-stake-the-wrong-engineering-mindset-15e641ab65a2,en,Hugo Nguyen,"pow, pos","Proof-of-Stake (PoS) is all the rage these days. Ethereum Casper, Cardano Ouroboros, etc. you name it. The rising interest in PoS protocols is probably due to the desire to scale blockchains indefinitely, combined with the mistaken notion that Proof-of-Work (PoW) is somehow “wasteful.”",,,
80,2018-10-12,,"Work is Timeless, Stake is Not",article,https://hugonguyen.medium.com/work-is-timeless-stake-is-not-554c4450ce18,en,Hugo Nguyen,"pow, pos","Work manifests in different ways in PoS, whether it is taking out a loan from the bank, running 24/7 staking servers, or attempting to steal online staking keys. Not only PoS is obfuscated PoW, it is inferior PoW. Any potential cost saving PoS gives you, it pays back in equal measure in the reduction in security.",,,
81,2020-03-14,,Centralization of Stake in PoS,article,https://medium.com/stakin/centralization-of-stake-in-pos-f7ccb8f8254,en,Gisele Schout,"pos, pow","We figured it was time to dive into the topic of the Centralization of Stake in PoS. With many different blockchain ecosystems and networks striving for decentralization, we wanted to give you a quick overview of their current centralization status.",,,
82,2017-07-07,,Proof of Stake is Still Pointless,article,https://www.truthcoin.info/blog/pos-still-pointless/,en,Paul Sztorc,"pos, pow",I go line-by-line against Vitalik’s Proof of Stake FAQ. PoS is still just as expensive as PoW (but it may have different security features).,,,
83,2017-09-14,,ASIC Monopoly Fallacy,article,https://github.com/libbitcoin/libbitcoin-system/wiki/ASIC-Monopoly-Fallacy,en,Eric Voskuil,"asic, mining","There is a theory that Bitcoin ASIC price is controlled by a cartel of miners, creating a disproportionate advantage to mining partners of the cartel.",,,
84,2020-08-09,,Are Chinese Miners a Threat to Bitcoin?,article,https://blog.lopp.net/are-chinese-miners-threat-bitcoin/,en,Jameson Lopp,"mining, China",Is the concentration of hashpower within the borders of China a cause for concern about a nation state attack against the network?,,,
85,2020-09-17,,What is Crypto Decentralization and Why Bitcoin Stands Alone,article,https://tonevays.com/blog/what-is-crypto-decentralization-and-why-bitcoin-stands-alone,en,Tone Vays,"decentralization, development, mining","Many people think that they can just wave a magic wand and suddenly their crypto currency project is decentralized. In reality, nothing can be further from the truth because decentralization is almost impossible. Bitcoin might still be the only crypto project to claim this feat, and even then, the proper way to describe it is ""Sufficiently Decentralized"", as the future is always uncertain. This article will attempt to explain why Bitcoin is sufficiently decentralized and why other crypto projects fall short.",,,
86,2018-12-15,,Who Controls Bitcoin Core?,article,https://blog.lopp.net/who-controls-bitcoin-core-/,en,Jameson Lopp,"decentralization, development",Understanding how the focal point of Bitcoin development operates,,,
87,2015-09-09,,Measuring Decentralization,article,https://www.truthcoin.info/blog/measuring-decentralization/,en,Paul Sztorc,"decentralization, money",Bitcoin’s Decentralization increases as a full node becomes cheaper.,,,
88,2018-06-02,,Bitcoin Miners Beware: Invalid Blocks Need Not Apply,article,https://medium.com/hackernoon/bitcoin-miners-beware-invalid-blocks-need-not-apply-51c293ee278b,en,StopAndDecrypt,"network, validation",Bitcoin is an impenetrable fortress of validation,,,
89,2019-07-09,,A most peaceful revolution,article,https://medium.com/@nic__carter/a-most-peaceful-revolution-8b63b64c203e,en,Nic Carter,government,"Make no mistake, Bitcoiners are revolutionaries. Libertarians had it all wrong. They sought to shrink the State's influence by participating in the democratic process. This has been and remains a hopeless, Sisyphean task.",,,
90,,,Critique #2: The Government Will Shut Bitcoin Down,article,https://casebitcoin.com/critiques/gov-will-shut-it-down,en,Case Bitcoin,government,Rebuttal to the critique that governments won't simply allow a non-state money to keep growing. Control over money is too central to a government's survival for them to allow this,,,
91,2021-02-21,,Can Governments Stop Bitcoin?,article,https://quillette.com/2021/02/21/can-governments-stop-bitcoin/,en,Alex Gladstein,government,"This worldwide success doesn�t mean that people haven�t tried to stop Bitcoin. The digital money project has in fact survived a variety of attacks which in some cases threatened its existence. There are two main vectors: network attacks on the software and hardware infrastructure, and legal attacks on Bitcoin users. Before we explore them and consider why they failed, let�s start at the beginning.",,,
92,,,Bitcoin: Fee-Based Security Modeling,article,https://www.lynalden.com/bitcoin-security-modeling/,en,Lyn Alden,security,"Over the past decade, the bitcoin network has been the most secure public blockchain. This is because it has by far the highest market capitalization and hash rate in the asset class, along with customized hardware required to mine it, meaning that the cost for a potential attacker to try to control 51% of the hash rate for a lengthy period of time (which would allow for double-spending attacks and other security disruptions) is quite high.",,,
93,2020-12-06,,Bitcoin is Antifragile,article,https://unchained-capital.com/blog/bitcoin-is-antifragile/,en,Parker Lewis,security,"Part of the series ""Gradually, then suddenly""",,,
94,2019-07-14,,BetterHash: Decentralizing Bitcoin Mining With New Hashing Protocols,article,https://medium.com/hackernoon/betterhash-decentralizing-bitcoin-mining-with-new-hashing-protocols-291de178e3e0,en,StopAndDecrypt,"mining, decentralization","BetterHash is the working name for alternative mining protocols currently in development. When it's completed there will need to be enough miners willing to switch to a new mining pool using these protocols, or an existing pool that is willing to service both the old and new protocols while miners gradually ready themselves to switch over. In either circumstance the initial switch will need to be supported by enough miners to make doing so profitable, else profit volatility would be too high. Ultimately miners will need to understand why they should switch, and there will need to be forward thinking pool operators who don�t want the control current pools have. This can only happen if the problems and risks with the current system are properly understood and conveyed.",,,
95,,,Critique #12: China Controls Bitcoin,article,https://casebitcoin.com/critiques/china-controls-bitcoin,en,Case Bitcoin,"china, mining","Rebuttal to the critique that more than half of bitcoin mining takes place in China, therefore, China can seize control of the Bitcoin network at any time.",,,
96,2020-02-12,,The Fraying of the US Global Currency Reserve System,article,https://www.lynalden.com/fraying-petrodollar-system/,en,Lyn Alden,"petrodollar, money","Since autumn of 2019, I've been bearish on the dollar, meaning I have a longish-term outlook towards a weaker dollar. This view began forming when the Federal Reserve cut interest rates in summer 2019, and then the view solidified with a catalyst after an overnight repo rate spike in September 2019 forced the Fed to begin supplying repo liquidity.",,,
97,,,Shelling Out: The Origins of Money,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/shelling-out/,en,Nick Szabo,"history, money","The precursors of money, along with language, enabled early modern humans to solve problems of cooperation that other animals cannot including problems of reciprocal altruism, kin altruism, and the mitigation of aggression. These precursors shared with non-fiat currencies very specific characteristics they were not merely symbolic or decorative objects.",,shells.jpg,1
98,2013-08-01,,What effects would a scalable Quantum Computer have on Bitcoin?,article,https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/6062/what-effects-would-a-scalable-quantum-computer-have-on-bitcoin,en,,quantum,"A scalable quantum computer is a quantum computer that is easy to extend - adding more (q)bits of memory is not a fundamentally hard problem, and will happen. Or, alternatively, that it follows Moore's Law - its memory capacity and speed will increase exponentially over the years with technological advancement (the exponent might be relatively low). Suppose such a Quantum Computer were constructed tomorrow - what would this mean for bitcoin?",,,
99,2017-10-28,,"Quantum attacks on Bitcoin, and how to protect against them",article,https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.10377,en,"Divesh Aggarwal, Gavin K. Brennen, Troy Lee, Miklos Santha, Marco Tomamichel",quantum,"The key cryptographic protocols used to secure the internet and financial transactions of today are all susceptible to attack by the development of a sufficiently large quantum computer. One particular area at risk are cryptocurrencies, a market currently worth over 150 billion USD. We investigate the risk of Bitcoin, and other cryptocurrencies, to attacks by quantum computers. We find that the proof-of-work used by Bitcoin is relatively resistant to substantial speedup by quantum computers in the next 10 years, mainly because specialized ASIC miners are extremely fast compared to the estimated clock speed of near-term quantum computers. On the other hand, the elliptic curve signature scheme used by Bitcoin is much more at risk, and could be completely broken by a quantum computer as early as 2027, by the most optimistic estimates. We analyze an alternative proof-of-work called Momentum, based on finding collisions in a hash function, that is even more resistant to speedup by a quantum computer. We also review the available post-quantum signature schemes to see which one would best meet the security and efficiency requirements of blockchain applications. ",,,
100,2020-12-21,,Here's Why Quantum Computing Will Not Break Cryptocurrencies,article,https://www.forbes.com/sites/rogerhuang/2020/12/21/heres-why-quantum-computing-will-not-break-cryptocurrencies/?sh=24a95b3c167b,en,Roger Huang,quantum,There's a lurking fear in cryptocurrency communities about quantum computing. Could it break cryptocurrencies and the encryption that protects them? How close might that be? Do the headlines around 'quantum supremacy' mean that my private keys are at risk? ,,,
101,,,Critique #10: Bitcoin Gets Hacked,article,https://casebitcoin.com/critiques/bitcoin-gets-hacked,en,Case Bitcoin,hacked,Rebuttal to the critique that there are news reports all the time about bitcoin getting hacked. Bitcoin must not be secure,,,
102,,,We Study Billionaires - The Investor's Podcast Network,podcast,https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/we-study-billionaires-the-investors-podcast-network/id928933489,en,Preston Pysh,"investment, economics","We interview and study famous financial billionaires including Warren Buffett and Howard Marks, and teach you what we learn and how you can apply their investment strategies in the stock market.",,,
103,,,What Bitcoin Did,podcast,https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/,en,Peter McCormack,"investment, economics","The What Bitcoin Did Podcast is a twice-weekly show where Peter McCormack interviews experts in the world of Bitcoin development, privacy, investment and adoption.",,,
104,,,On the brink,podcast,https://onthebrink-podcast.com/,en,"Matthew Walsh, Nic Carter",blockchain,"Interviews, News and Perspectives about the Blockchain Industry",,,
105,,,The Pomp Podcast,podcast,https://www.anthonypompliano.com/podcast,en,Anthony Pompliano,"business, investment","Host Anthony 'Pomp' Pompliano talks to the most interesting people in business, finance, and Bitcoin. From billionaires to cultural icons, Pomp helps you get smarter every day.",,,
106,,,Bitcoin Rapid-Fire,podcast,https://anchor.fm/john-vallis/,en,John Vallis,,"Bitcoin is the future of money, that is my firm belief. In this show, I speak with the amazing people who are building and contributing to this revolutionary new industry. The 'rapid-fire' episodes give you some concise info and insights, the 'further discussion' episodes let you listen in on a more casual and open dialogue with each guest. ",,,
107,,,Once BITten,podcast,https://anchor.fm/daniel-prince6/,en,Daniel Prince,,"Bitcoin can be a very deep and confusing rabbit hole to fall into. This podcast is for people who are looking for answers. Daniel Prince, author of Choose Life, is on a mission to share real life stories of how Bitcoin has changed and shaped individuals and families lives forever.",,,
108,,,Swan Signal Blog,collection,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/signal/,en,Swan Bitcoin,,This blog offers thoughts and opinions on Bitcoin from the Swan Bitcoin team and friends.,,,
109,,,Swan Signal Podcast,podcast,https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/swan-signal-a-bitcoin-podcast/id1503581478,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"Swan Signal pairs up great Bitcoiners for compelling discussions that are unique on the Bitcoin content scene. Every week we broadcast Swan Signal Live Twitter, YouTube, Facebook, and Twitch. Then we publish the audio here. Enjoy!",,,
110,,,Fun with Bitcoin,podcast,https://www.funwithbitcoin.com/Podcast,en,Coinicarus,,We talk Bitcoin ONLY!,,,
111,,,Tales from the Crypt: A Bitcoin Podcast,podcast,https://talesfromthecrypt.libsyn.com/,en,Marty Bent,,"Tales from the Crypt is a podcast hosted by Marty Bent about Bitcoin. Join Marty, Editor in Chief of ""the best newsletter in Bitcoin"", as he sits down to discuss Bitcoin with interesting people.",,,
112,,,The Bitcoin Standard Podcast,podcast,https://the-bitcoin-standard-podcast.castos.com/,en,Saifedean Ammous,"austrian, economics","Saifedean's The Bitcoin Standard Podcast is the place to discuss Bitcoin and economics from the Austrian school's perspective. Listen to the weekly saifedean.com discussion seminar, where a group of learners from all over the world discuss the website's online courses, as well as a wide variety of economic, political, and social issues, and occasionally host special guests for the discussion. The podcast also includes the most interesting interviews conducted with Saifedean on other shows.",,,
113,,,Stephan Livera's Podcast,podcast,https://stephanlivera.com/,en,Stephan Livera,"austrian, economics","SLP is focused on educational interviews about the economics and technology of Bitcoin. Stephan has interviewed many high profile Bitcoin, Libertarian, Austrian economics and Macro guests ",,,
114,,,Bitcoin Fixes This,podcast,https://anchor.fm/jimmysong/,en,Jimmy Song,,We explore the impact that Bitcoin will have in all aspects of society,,,
115,,,The Bitcoin Matrix,podcast,https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bitcoin-matrix/id1534519469,en,Cedric Youngelman,,"Explore the idea of money through Bitcoin with experts, thought leaders and plebs.",,,
116,,,Bitcoin Audible,podcast,https://bitcoinaudible.com/,en,Guy Swann,,"The Best in Bitcoin made Audible. Guy Swann makes the knowledge of Bitcoin, the world's most secure, independent money, accessible to everyone. Exploring Bitcoin from an investment perspective, economic analysis, its philosophical foundations, & technological primitives. Reading and distilling thousands of hours of others' works on Bitcoin, Guy explains everything you need to know.",,,
117,,,The Human Action Podcast,podcast,https://mises.org/library/human-action-podcast,en,Jeff Deist,"austrian, economics",The Human Action Podcast features in-depth interviews on current topics in economics through an Austro-libertarian lens.,,,
118,,,"Historia de Bitcoin, una línea en el tiempo",article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/linea-del-tiempo-de-bitcoin/,es,decentralizedb,"timeline, history",Un repaso general por la historia de Bitcoin y algunos de los eventos que han marcado su historia.,,,
119,2000-04-01,,The Elements of Networking Style,book,https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Networking-Style-Animadversions-Intercomputer/dp/0595088791,en,Michael A. Padlipsky,technology,"The World's Only Known Constructively Snotty Computer Science Book: historically, its polemics for TCP/IP and against the international standardsmongers' ""OSI"" helped the Internet happen; currently, its principles of technoaesthetic criticism are still eminently applicable to the States of most (probably all) technical Arts -- all this and Cover Cartoons, too...but it's not for those who can't deal with real sentences....",,,
120,2013-05-28,,The Mobile Wave,book,https://www.amazon.com/Mobile-Wave-Michael-J-Saylor/dp/0306822539,en,Michael Saylor,technology,"With the perspective of a historian, the precision of a technologist, and the pragmatism of a CEO, Saylor provides a panoramic view of the future mobile world. He describes how: A Harvard education will be available to anyone with the touch of a screen. Cash will become virtual software and crime proof. Cars, homes, fruit, animals, and more will be tagged so they can tell you about themselves. Buying an item will be as easy as pointing our mobile device to scan and pay.Land and capital will become more of a liability than an asset. Social mobile media will push all businesses to think and act like software companies. Employment will shift as more service-oriented jobs are automated by mobile software. Products, businesses, industries, economies, and even society will be altered forever as the Mobile wave washes over us and changes the landscape. With so much change, The Mobile Wave is a guidebook for individuals, business leaders, and public figures who must navigate the new terrain as mobile intelligence changes everything.",,,
121,,,Choose Life,book,https://www.amazon.com/Choose-Life-Long-Term-Travellers-Worldschoolers/dp/1549955780,en,Daniel Prince,"money, investing","So many of us are stuck on the hamster wheel of life, much like King Sisyphus who was eternally tormented, forced to roll a boulder to the top of a mountain, only to watch it roll back down again! This book is living and working proof that by thinking just a little differently and taking what you perceive to be a risk, you can forge a better, fuller life for yourself and your family. Step inside the life of Daniel Prince and his family, long-term family travellers, worldschoolers and digital nomads. Learn about the sharing economy and how you can leverage it to your advantage. Gain insight into the many blueprints for a better path that are out there waiting to be discovered. This book is the perfect launchpad from which to start your journey. It�s almost impossible to put down. More importantly, it�s backed up by the proof of the author and his family�s epic journey and life transformation since quitting the rat race! Author Daniel Prince goes to great lengths to share valuable knowledge, tips, emotions, coping mechanisms and much more. He holds nothing back in his quest to share his message with other young families. There is a way to do this! This is how one family made it possible, and how you can do it too!Opening this book is your invitation to step off the wheel.",,,
122,,,Kleptopia,book,https://www.amazon.com/Kleptopia-Dirty-Money-Conquering-World/dp/0062883658,en,Tom Burgis,"economics, politics","In this shocking, meticulously reported work of narrative nonfiction, an award-winning investigative journalist exposes �capitalism�s monster��global kleptocracy�and reveals how it is corrupting the world around us. They are everywhere, the thieves and their people. Masters of secrecy. Until now we have detected their presence only by what they leave behind. A body in a burned-out Audi. Workers riddled with bullets in the Kazakh Desert. A rigged election in Zimbabwe. A British banker silenced and humiliated for trying to expose the truth about the City of London. They have amassed more money than most countries. But what they are really stealing is power. In this real-life thriller packed with jaw-dropping revelations, award-winning investigative journalist Tom Burgis weaves together four stories that reveal a terrifying global web of corruption: the troublemaker from Basingstoke who stumbles on the secrets of a Swiss bank, the ex-Soviet billionaire constructing a private empire, the righteous Canadian lawyer with a mysterious client, and the Brooklyn crook protected by the CIA. Glimpses of this shadowy world have emerged over the years. In Kleptopia, Burgis connects the dots. He follows the dirty money that is flooding the global economy, emboldening dictators, and poisoning democracies. From the Kremlin to Beijing, Harare to Riyadh, Paris to the White House, the trail shows something even more sinister: the thieves are uniting. And the human cost will be great.",,,
123,2014-09-16,,Zero to One,book,https://www.amazon.com/Zero-One-Notes-Startups-Future/dp/0804139296,en,Peter Thiel,technology,"The great secret of our time is that there are still uncharted frontiers to explore and new inventions to create. In Zero to One, legendary entrepreneur and investor Peter Thiel shows how we can find singular ways to create those new things. Thiel begins with the contrarian premise that we live in an age of technological stagnation, even if we�re too distracted by shiny mobile devices to notice. Information technology has improved rapidly, but there is no reason why progress should be limited to computers or Silicon Valley. Progress can be achieved in any industry or area of business. It comes from the most important skill that every leader must master: learning to think for yourself. Doing what someone else already knows how to do takes the world from 1 to n, adding more of something familiar. But when you do something new, you go from 0 to 1. The next Bill Gates will not build an operating system. The next Larry Page or Sergey Brin won�t make a search engine. Tomorrow�s champions will not win by competing ruthlessly in today�s marketplace. They will escape competition altogether, because their businesses will be unique. Zero to One presents at once an optimistic view of the future of progress in America and a new way of thinking about innovation: it starts by learning to ask the questions that lead you to find value in unexpected places.",,,
124,2004-03-30,,Titan,book,https://www.amazon.com/Titan-Life-John-Rockefeller-Sr/dp/1400077303,en,Ron Chernow,biographies,"John D. Rockefellers story captures a pivotal moment in American history, documenting the dramatic post-Civil War shift from small business to the rise of giant corporations that irrevocably transformed the nation. With cameos by Joseph Pulitzer, William Randolph Hearst, Jay Gould, William Vanderbilt, Ida Tarbell, Andrew Carnegie, Carl Jung, J. Pierpont Morgan, William James, Henry Clay Frick, Mark Twain, and Will Rogers, Titan turns Rockefeller's life into a vivid tapestry of American society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It is Ron Chernow's signal triumph that he narrates this monumental saga with all the sweep, drama, and insight that this giant subject deserves.",,,
125,2009-03-03,,Human Smoke,book,https://www.amazon.com/Human-Smoke-Beginnings-World-Civilization/dp/1416572465,en,Nicholson Baker,history,"Bestselling author Nicholson Baker, recognized as one of the most dexterous and talented writers in America today, has created a compelling work of nonfiction bound to provoke discussion and controversy�a wide-ranging, astonishingly fresh perspective on the political and social landscape that gave rise to World War II. Human Smoke delivers a closely textured, deeply moving indictment of the treasured myths that have romanticized much of the 1930s and '40s. Incorporating meticulous research and well-documented sources�including newspaper and magazine articles, radio speeches, memoirs, and diaries�the book juxtaposes hundreds of interrelated moments of decision, brutality, suffering, and mercy. Vivid glimpses of political leaders and their dissenters illuminate and examine the gradual, horrifying advance toward overt global war and Holocaust. Praised by critics and readers alike for his exquisitely observant eye and deft, inimitable prose, Baker has assembled a narrative within Human Smoke that unfolds gracefully, tragically, and persuasively. This is an unforgettable book that makes a profound impact on our perceptions of historical events and mourns the unthinkable loss humanity has borne at its own hand.",,,
126,,,Superintelligence,book,https://www.amazon.com/Superintelligence-Dangers-Strategies-Nick-Bostrom/dp/0198739834,en,Nick Bostrom,technology,"The human brain has some capabilities that the brains of other animals lack. It is to these distinctive capabilities that our species owes its dominant position. Other animals have stronger muscles or sharper claws, but we have cleverer brains. If machine brains one day come to surpass human brains in general intelligence, then this new superintelligence could become very powerful. As the fate of the gorillas now depends more on us humans than on the gorillas themselves, so the fate of our species then would come to depend on the actions of the machine superintelligence. But we have one advantage: we get to make the first move. Will it be possible to construct a seed AI or otherwise to engineer initial conditions so as to make an intelligence explosion survivable? How could one achieve a controlled detonation?",,,
127,2019-06-13,,The Revolutionary Phenotype,book,https://www.amazon.com/Revolutionary-Phenotype-amazing-story-begins/dp/0359570798,en,J -F Gari�py,"science, nature","The Revolutionary Phenotype is a science book that brings us four billion years into the past, when the first living molecules showed up on Planet Earth. Unlike what was previously thought, we learn that DNA-based life did not emerge from random events in a primordial soup. Indeed, the first molecules of DNA were fabricated by a previous life form. By describing the fascinating events referred to as Phenotypic Revolutions, this book provides a dire warning to humanity: if humans continue to play with their own genes, we will be the next life form to fall to our own creation.",,,
128,2014-03-04,,The Hard thing about Hard Things,book,https://www.amazon.com/Hard-Thing-About-Things-Building/dp/0062273205,en,Ben Horowitz,technology,"Ben Horowitz, cofounder of Andreessen Horowitz and one of Silicon Valley's most respected and experienced entrepreneurs, offers essential advice on building and running a startup�practical wisdom for managing the toughest problems business school doesn�t cover, based on his popular ben�s blog. While many people talk about how great it is to start a business, very few are honest about how difficult it is to run one. Ben Horowitz analyzes the problems that confront leaders every day, sharing the insights he�s gained developing, managing, selling, buying, investing in, and supervising technology companies. A lifelong rap fanatic, he amplifies business lessons with lyrics from his favorite songs, telling it straight about everything from firing friends to poaching competitors, cultivating and sustaining a CEO mentality to knowing the right time to cash in. Filled with his trademark humor and straight talk, The Hard Thing About Hard Things is invaluable for veteran entrepreneurs as well as those aspiring to their own new ventures, drawing from Horowitz's personal and often humbling experiences.",,,
129,,,The Territorial Imperative,book,https://www.amazon.com/Territorial-Imperative-Personal-Inquiry-Property/dp/0988604310,en,Robert Ardrey,"science, nature, economics, politics","In the revolutionary follow up to African Genesis, Robert Ardrey demonstrates that man obeys the same laws as do many other animal species, that the drive to control territory, specifically, rankles within our breasts and determines even the largest social phenomena. Family loyalty and responsibility, in men no less than in gibbons or beavers or robins, rests on joint attachment to a private territory. Morality - our willingness to make personal sacrifice for interests larger than ourselves - has its origins in dim evolutionary beginnings. Amid the resounding controversy surrounding African Genesis Ardrey published his second treatise. First published in 1966, The Territorial Imperative explores more deeply and incisively man�s evolutionary nature and threatens even more forcefully assumptions held dear. In a time when scientific dogma attributed to man either no instincts at all, or instincts too weak to be of significance, Ardrey�s conclusions raised an even greater storm. Like its predecessor, The Territorial Imperative is a work of wit, of literary wealth, of high adventure. Mr Ardrey takes his readers on far deeper excursions into the ancient animal world, and on far deeper penetrations of the human wilderness.",,,
130,,,Emergency,book,https://www.amazon.com/Emergency-This-Book-Will-Save/dp/0060898771,en,Neil Strauss,"economics, politics","Terrorist attacks. Natural disasters. Domestic crackdowns. Economic collapse. Riots. Wars. Disease. Starvation. What can you do when it all hits the fan? You can learn to be self-sufficient and survive without the system. ""I've started to look at the world through apocalypse eyes."" So begins Neil Strauss's harrowing new book: his first full-length work since the international bestseller The Game, and one of the most original-and provocative-narratives of the year. After the last few years of violence and terror, of ethnic and religious hatred, of tsunamis and hurricanes�and now of world financial meltdown�Strauss, like most of his generation, came to the sobering realization that, even in America, anything can happen. But rather than watch helplessly, he decided to do something about it. And so he spent three years traveling through a country that's lost its sense of safety, equipping himself with the tools necessary to save himself and his loved ones from an uncertain future.",,,
131,1990-03-01,,Hyperion,book,https://www.amazon.com/Hyperion-Cantos-Dan-Simmons/dp/0553283685,en,Dan Simmons,fiction,"On the world called Hyperion, beyond the reach of galactic law, waits a creature called the Shrike. There are those who worship it. There are those who fear it. And there are those who have vowed to destroy it. In the Valley of the Time Tombs, where huge, brooding structures move backward through time, the Shrike waits for them all. On the eve of Armageddon, with the entire galaxy at war, seven pilgrims set forth on a final voyage to Hyperion seeking the answers to the unsolved riddles of their lives. Each carries a desperate hope�and a terrible secret. And one may hold the fate of humanity in his hands.",,,
132,2019-08-13,,Sh?gun,book,https://www.amazon.com/Shogun-Epic-Novel-Japan-Asian/dp/1982603844,en,James Clavell,fiction,"After Englishman John Blackthorne is lost at sea, he awakens in a place few Europeans know of and even fewer have seen�Nippon. Thrust into the closed society that is seventeenth-century Japan, a land where the line between life and death is razor-thin, Blackthorne must negotiate not only a foreign people, with unknown customs and language, but also his own definitions of morality, truth, and freedom. As internal political strife and a clash of cultures lead to seemingly inevitable conflict, Blackthorne�s loyalty and strength of character are tested by both passion and loss, and he is torn between two worlds that will each be forever changed. Powerful and engrossing, capturing both the rich pageantry and stark realities of life in feudal Japan, Sh?gun is a critically acclaimed powerhouse of a book. Heart-stopping, edge-of-your-seat action melds seamlessly with intricate historical detail and raw human emotion. Endlessly compelling, this sweeping saga captivated the world to become not only one of the best-selling novels of all time but also one of the highest-rated television miniseries, as well as inspiring a nationwide surge of interest in the culture of Japan. Shakespearean in both scope and depth, Sh?gun is, as the New York Times put it, ��not only something you read�you live it.� Provocative, absorbing, and endlessly fascinating, there is only one: Sh?gun.",,,
133,1996-09-01,,Atlas Shrugged,book,https://www.amazon.com/Atlas-Shrugged-Ayn-Rand/dp/0451191145,en,Ayn Rand,fiction,"Who is John Galt? When he says that he will stop the motor of the world, is he a destroyer or a liberator? Why does he have to fight his battles not against his enemies but against those who need him most? Why does he fight his hardest battle against the woman he loves? You will know the answer to these questions when you discover the reason behind the baffling events that play havoc with the lives of the amazing men and women in this book. You will discover why a productive genius becomes a worthless playboy...why a great steel industrialist is working for his own destruction...why a composer gives up his career on the night of his triumph...why a beautiful woman who runs a transcontinental railroad falls in love with the man she has sworn to kill.",,,
134,1983-07-01,,The Idiot,book,https://www.amazon.com/Idiot-Bantam-Classic-Fyodor-Dostoevsky/dp/0553213520,en,Fyodor Dostoevsky,fiction,"�My intention is to portray a truly beautiful soul.� �Dostoevsky Despite the harsh circumstances besetting his own life�abject poverty, incessant gambling, the death of his youngest child�Dostoevsky produced a second masterpiece, The Idiot, after completing Crime and Punishment. In it, a saintly man, Prince Myshkin, is thrust into the heart of a society more concerned with wealth, power, and sexual conquest than with the ideals of Christianity. Myshkin soon finds himself at the center of a violent love triangle in which a notorious woman and a beautiful young girl become rivals for his affections. Extortion, scandal, and murder follow, testing Myshkin�s moral feelings, as Dostoevsky searches through the wreckage left by human misery to find �man in man.� The Idiot is a quintessentially Russian novel, one that penetrates the complex psyche of the Russian people. �They call me a psychologist,� wrote Dostoevsky. �That is not true. I�m only a realist in the higher sense; that is, I portray all the depths of the human soul.�",,,
135,,,Basic Economics,book,https://www.amazon.com/Basic-Economics-Thomas-Sowell/dp/0465060730,en,Thomas Sowell,"economics, politics","Basic Economics is a citizen's guide to economics, written for those who want to understand how the economy works but have no interest in jargon or equations. Bestselling economist Thomas Sowell explains the general principles underlying different economic systems: capitalist, socialist, feudal, and so on. In readable language, he shows how to critique economic policies in terms of the incentives they create, rather than the goals they proclaim. With clear explanations of the entire field, from rent control and the rise and fall of businesses to the international balance of payments, this is the first book for anyone who wishes to understand how the economy functions.",,,
136,2007-11-05,,Longitude,book,https://www.amazon.com/Longitude-Genius-Greatest-Scientific-Problem/dp/080271529X,en,Dava Sobel,"science, nature","Anyone alive in the eighteenth century would have known that ""the longitude problem"" was the thorniest scientific dilemma of the day-and had been for centuries. Lacking the ability to measure their longitude, sailors throughout the great ages of exploration had been literally lost at sea as soon as they lost sight of land. Thousands of lives and the increasing fortunes of nations hung on a resolution. One man, John Harrison, in complete opposition to the scientific community, dared to imagine a mechanical solution-a clock that would keep precise time at sea, something no clock had ever been able to do on land. Longitude is the dramatic human story of an epic scientific quest and of Harrison's forty-year obsession with building his perfect timekeeper, known today as the chronometer. Full of heroism and chicanery, it is also a fascinating brief history of astronomy, navigation, and clockmaking, and opens a new window on our world.",,,
137,2017-03-07,,"Guns, Germs, and Steel",book,https://www.amazon.com/Guns-Germs-Steel-Fates-Societies/dp/0393354326,en,Jared Diamond,"history, society","Why did Eurasians conquer, displace, or decimate Native Americans, Australians, and Africans, instead of the reverse? In this �artful, informative, and delightful� (William H. McNeill, New York Review of Books) book, a classic of our time, evolutionary biologist Jared Diamond dismantles racist theories of human history by revealing the environmental factors actually responsible for its broadest patterns. The story begins 13,000 years ago, when Stone Age hunter-gatherers constituted the entire human population. Around that time, the developmental paths of human societies on different continents began to diverge greatly. Early domestication of wild plants and animals in the Fertile Crescent, China, Mesoamerica, the Andes, and other areas gave peoples of those regions a head start at a new way of life. But the localized origins of farming and herding proved to be only part of the explanation for their differing fates. The unequal rates at which food production spread from those initial centers were influenced by other features of climate and geography, including the disparate sizes, locations, and even shapes of the continents. Only societies that moved away from the hunter-gatherer stage went on to develop writing, technology, government, and organized religions as well as deadly germs and potent weapons of war. It was those societies, adventuring on sea and land, that invaded others, decimating native inhabitants through slaughter and the spread of disease. A major landmark in our understanding of human societies, Guns, Germs, and Steel chronicles the way in which the modern world, and its inequalities, came to be.",,,
138,2011-05-10,,Empire of the Summer Moon,book,https://www.amazon.com/Empire-Summer-Moon-Comanches-Powerful/dp/1416591060,en,S. C. Gwynne,"history, society","Although readers may be more familiar with the tribal names Apache and Sioux, it was in fact the legendary fighting ability of the Comanches that determined when the American West opened up. Comanche boys became adept bareback riders by age six; full Comanche braves were considered the best horsemen who ever rode. They were so masterful at war and so skillful with their arrows and lances that they stopped the northern drive of colonial Spain from Mexico and halted the French expansion westward from Louisiana. White settlers arriving in Texas from the eastern United States were surprised to find the frontier being rolled backward by Comanches incensed by the invasion of their tribal lands. The war with the Comanches lasted four decades, in effect holding up the development of the new American nation. Gwynne�s exhilarating account delivers a sweeping narrative that encompasses Spanish colonialism, the Civil War, the destruction of the buffalo herds, and the arrival of the railroads, and the amazing story of Cynthia Ann Parker and her son Quanah�a historical feast for anyone interested in how the United States came into being. Hailed by critics, S. C. Gwynne�s account of these events is meticulously researched, intellectually provocative, and, above all, thrillingly told. Empire of the Summer Moon announces him as a major new writer of American history.",,,
139,1999-04-01,,Lombard Street,book,https://www.amazon.com/Lombard-Street-Description-Money-Market/dp/0471345369,en,Walter Bagehot,history,"Sharing his invaluable insights and unique observations, Bagehot touches on everything from the mechanics of deposit banking within a fractional reserve system to the nature of foreign deposits in Britain. Along with a clear explanation of why economic growth and rising living standards are dependent upon a well-managed financial system, he offers straightforward guidelines for the function of lender-of-last resort; a penetrating look at the consequences of uncontrolled credit and speculation; and an in-depth examination of the exchequer in the money market that includes a stimulating analysis of the interaction between the government's fiscal operations and the functioning of the Bank of England, the commercial banks, and the money market. Perhaps most importantly, Lombard Street features Bagehot's prescription for crisis management, which after nearly 150 years, remains the formula of choice for containing-and curtailing-financial crises.",,,
140,2019-10-15,,Goliath,book,https://www.amazon.com/Goliath-Monopolies-Secretly-Took-World/dp/1501183087,en,Matt Stoller,"economics, politics","In Goliath, Matt Stoller explains how authoritarianism and populism have returned to American politics for the first time in eighty years, as the outcome of the 2016 election shook our faith in democratic institutions. It has brought to the fore dangerous forces that many modern Americans never even knew existed. Today�s bitter recriminations and panic represent more than just fear of the future, they reflect a basic confusion about what is happening and the historical backstory that brought us to this moment. The true effects of populism, a shrinking middle class, and concentrated financial wealth are only just beginning to manifest themselves under the current administrations. The lessons of Stoller�s study will only grow more relevant as time passes. Building upon his viral article in The Atlantic, �How the Democrats Killed Their Populist Soul,� Stoller illustrates in rich detail how we arrived at this tenuous moment, and the steps we must take to create a new democracy.",,,
141,2010-05-01,,Alone in Berlin,book,https://www.amazon.com/Alone-Berlin-Hans-Fallada/dp/014118938X,en,Hans Fallada,"history, biographies","Every Man Dies Alone or Alone in Berlin (German: Jeder stirbt f�r sich allein) is a 1947 novel by German author Hans Fallada. It is based on the true story of a working-class husband and wife Otto and Elise Hampel who, acting alone, became part of the German Resistance. Fallada's book was one of the first anti-Nazi novels to be published by a German after World War II.",,,
142,2010-09-14,,The Paleo Solution,book,https://www.amazon.com/Paleo-Solution-Original-Human-Diet/dp/0982565844,en,Robb Wolf,"science, nature","Do you want to lose fat and stay young, all while avoiding cancer, diabetes, heart disease, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and a host of other illnesses? The Paleo Solution incorporates the latest, cutting edge research from genetics, biochemistry and anthropology to help you look, feel and perform your best. Written by Robb Wolf, a research biochemist who traded in his lab coat and pocket protector for a whistle and a stopwatch to become one of the most sought after strength and conditioning coaches in the world. With Robb's unique perspective as both scientist and coach you will learn how simple nutrition, exercise and lifestyle changes can radically change your appearance and health for the better.",,,
143,2019-10-01,,Civilized to Death,book,https://www.amazon.com/Civilized-Death-What-Lost-Modernity/dp/1451659105,en,Christopher Ryan,"society, science, nature","Most of us have instinctive evidence the world is ending�balmy December days, face-to-face conversation replaced with heads-to-screens zomboidism, a world at constant war, a political system in disarray. We hear some myths and lies so frequently that they feel like truths: Civilization is humankind�s greatest accomplishment. Progress is undeniable. Count your blessings. You�re lucky to be alive here and now. Well, maybe we are and maybe we aren�t. Civilized to Death counters the idea that progress is inherently good, arguing that the �progress� defining our age is analogous to an advancing disease. Prehistoric life, of course, was not without serious dangers and disadvantages. Many babies died in infancy. A broken bone, infected wound, snakebite, or difficult pregnancy could be life-threatening. But ultimately, Ryan argues, were these pre-civilized dangers more murderous than modern scourges, such as car accidents, cancers, cardiovascular disease, and a technologically prolonged dying process? At a time when our ecology, our society, and our own sense of selves feels increasingly imperiled, an accurate understanding of our species� long prelude to civilization is vital to a clear sense of the ultimate value of civilization�and its costs. In Civilized to Death, Ryan makes the claim that we should start looking backwards to find our way into a better future.",,,
144,2010-09-28,,Whole Earth Discipline,book,https://www.amazon.com/Whole-Earth-Discipline-Transgenic-Geoengineering/dp/0143118285,en,Stewart Brand,"society, science, nature","This eye-opening book by the legendary author of the National Book Award-winning Whole Earth Catalog persuasively details a new approach to our stewardship of the planet. Lifelong ecologist and futurist Stewart Brand relies on scientific rigor to shatter myths concerning nuclear energy, urbanization, genetic engineering, and other controversial subjects, showing exactly where the sources of our dilemmas lie and offering a bold, inventive set of policies and design- based solutions for shaping a more sustainable society. Thought- provoking and passionately argued, this is a pioneering book on one of the hottest issues facing humanity today.",,,
145,,,Cryptoasset Inheritance Planning,book,https://www.amazon.com/Cryptoasset-Inheritance-Planning-Simple-Owners/dp/1947910116,en,Pamela Morgan,"money, investing","""What happens to my bitcoin, ether, or other cryptoassets when I die?"" Cryptoasset Inheritance Planning: A Simple Guide for Owners by Pamela Morgan, Esq. is a clear blueprint to inheritance planning for those holding cryptocurrency, tokens, crypto-collectibles, and other cryptoassets.",,,
146,,,Nigger,book,https://www.amazon.com/Nigger-Dick-Gregory-Contributor-Robert-Lipsyte/dp/B007CKIBVG,en,Robert Lipsyte,biographies,"The autobiography of comedian and social activist Dick Gregory, co-authored with Robert Lipsyte, nigger was originally published in September 1964 by E. P. Dutton, and has since 1965 been reprinted numerous times in an edition available through Pocket Books, altogether selling more than one million copies to date.",,,
147,2014-04-08,,The Death of Money,book,https://www.amazon.com/Death-Money-Collapse-International-Monetary/dp/1591846706,en,James Rickards,"money, investing","The international monetary system has collapsed three times in the past hundred years, in 1914, 1939, and 1971. Each collapse was followed by a period of tumult: war, civil unrest, or significant damage to the stability of the global economy. Now James Rickards, the acclaimed author of Currency Wars, shows why another collapse is rapidly approaching�and why this time, nothing less than the institution of money itself is at risk.",,,
148,2017-04-06,,How Money Got Free,book,https://www.amazon.com/How-Money-Got-Free-Bitcoin-ebook/dp/B01C9O32YA,en,Brian Patrick Eha,"economics, politics","In the space of a few years, Bitcoin has gone from an idea ignored or maligned by almost everyone to an asset with a market cap of more than $12 billion. Venture capital firms, Goldman Sachs, the New York Stock Exchange, and billionaires such as Richard Branson and Peter Thiel have invested more than $1 billion in companies built on this groundbreaking technology. Bill Gates has even declared it �better than currency�. The pioneers of Bitcoin were twenty-first-century outlaws � cryptographers, hackers, Free Staters, ex-cons and drug dealers, teenage futurists and self-taught entrepreneurs � armed with a renegade ideology and a grudge against big government and big banks. Now those same institutions are threatening to co-opt or curtail the impact of digital currency. But the pioneers, some of whom have become millionaires themselves, aren�t going down without a fight. Sweeping and provocative, How Money Got Free reveals how this disruptive technology is shaping the debate around competing ideas of money and liberty, and what that means for our future.",,,
149,,,The Spook Who Sat by the Door,book,https://www.amazon.com/Spook-Door-African-American-Life/dp/0814322468,en,Sam Greenlee,fiction,"The Spook Who Sat by the Door is the fictional story of Dan Freeman, the first black CIA officer, and of the CIA's history of training persons and political groups who later used their specialized training in gathering intelligence, political subversion, and guerrilla warfare against the CIA.",,,
150,2020-08-04,,Carnivore Code,book,https://www.amazon.com/Carnivore-Code-Unlocking-Returning-Ancestral/dp/035846997X,en,Paul Saladino,"health, fitness","We are living longer than ever before, but we aren�t living better�millions of people suffer from diseases like diabetes, depression, joint pain, heart disease, and autoimmune illnesses. Millions more have tried and failed to lose weight and keep it off. If this sounds familiar, you�re not alone. And you know how frustrating and disheartening it is to cycle through diets, treatment plans, and prescriptions that provide little relief�and may actually add to your suffering. There is a better way, and it starts with the food you eat. The carnivore diet is scientifically proven to reduce inflammation, improve sleep, reduce joint pain, improve mental clarity, and help you lose weight. Dr. Paul Saladino has experienced the incredible benefits of a meat-based diet firsthand, and has helped hundreds of patients transform their health using his diet plan. In this groundbreaking book, Dr. Saladino reveals the shocking truth about foods we�re told are essential for good health, like whole grains, plants, and leafy greens. He dismantles those myths one by one and reveals the healing potential of an all-meat diet: the diet our bodies were designed to eat. With step-by-step guidance, complete with sample meal plans and frequently asked questions, The Carnivore Code is the only plan you need to experience the incredible benefits of the carnivore diet for yourself.",,,
151,2011-01-04,,Collapse,book,https://www.amazon.com/Collapse-Societies-Choose-Succeed-Revised/dp/0143117009,en,Jared Diamond,"science, nature, economics, politics","Environmental damage, climate change, globalization, rapid population growth, and unwise political choices were all factors in the demise of societies around the world, but some found solutions and persisted. As in Guns, Germs, and Steel, Diamond traces the fundamental pattern of catastrophe, and weaves an all-encompassing global thesis through a series of fascinating historical-cultural narratives. Collapse moves from the Polynesian cultures on Easter Island to the flourishing American civilizations of the Anasazi and the Maya and finally to the doomed Viking colony on Greenland. Similar problems face us today and have already brought disaster to Rwanda and Haiti, even as China and Australia are trying to cope in innovative ways. Despite our own society�s apparently inexhaustible wealth and unrivaled political power, ominous warning signs have begun to emerge even in ecologically robust areas like Montana. Brilliant, illuminating, and immensely absorbing, Collapse is destined to take its place as one of the essential books of our time, raising the urgent question: How can our world best avoid committing ecological suicide?",,,
152,2021-03-02,,Beyond Order,book,https://www.amazon.com/Beyond-Order-More-Rules-Life/dp/0593084640,en,Jordan B. Peterson,psychology,"Peterson delivers twelve more lifesaving principles for resisting the exhausting toll that our desire to order the world inevitably takes. In a time when the human will increasingly imposes itself over every sphere of life�from our social structures to our emotional states�Peterson warns that too much security is dangerous. What�s more, he offers strategies for overcoming the cultural, scientific, and psychological forces causing us to tend toward tyranny, and teaches us how to rely instead on our instinct to find meaning and purpose, even�and especially�when we find ourselves powerless. While chaos, in excess, threatens us with instability and anxiety, unchecked order can petrify us into submission. Beyond Order provides a call to balance these two fundamental principles of reality itself, and guides us along the straight and narrow path that divides them.",,,
153,2013-01-24,,The River War,book,https://www.amazon.com/River-War-Account-Reconquest-Sudan/dp/1620874768,en,Winston Churchill,history,"First published in 1899 and revised for the 1902 edition by its author Winston Churchill, this history of the River War in Sudan vividly chronicles the military campaign that altered the destinies of England, Egypt, and the Arabian peoples in northeast Africa. More by accident than design, in Churchill�s view, England was drawn into the affairs of Egypt in the 1880s, for at the same historical moment that the English, under Lord Cromer, were granted virtually sovereign power to establish a sound government in Egypt and to stimulate its national economy, the Mahdi rebelled in the Egyptian suzerainty of Sudan. Violence and bloodshed ensued, and the English soon found themselves embroiled alongside their Egyptian ally in a bitter conflict with the fiercely nationalistic Mahdi�a conflict that culminated in the massacre of General Charles Gordon at Khartoum and the emergence of the fanatical regime known as the Dervish Empire. In this illuminating volume, Churchill not only dramatically relates the catastrophic events in Sudan�s 1880s, but also places them in the context of Sudanese history. So it is that his subsequent account of the reconquest and pacification of Sudan by a mixed Anglo-Egyptian force under the command of Sir Herbert Kitchener weds history to destiny, as the outcome of the River War for decades would link Great Britain to the uneasy future of Egypt and Sudan.",,,
154,2016-11-15,,The Warburgs,book,https://www.amazon.com/Warburgs-Twentieth-Century-Odyssey-Remarkable-Jewish/dp/0525431837,en,Alexander Hamilton,"history, economics, politics","Bankers, philanthropists, scholars, socialites, artists, and politicians, the Warburgs stood at the pinnacle of German (and, later, of German-American) Jewry. They forged economic dynasties, built mansions and estates, assembled libraries, endowed charities, and advised a German kaiser and two American presidents. But their very success made the Warburgs lightning rods for anti-Semitism, and their sense of patriotism became increasingly dangerous in a Germany that had declared Jews the enemy. Ron Chernow's hugely fascinating history is a group portrait of a clan whose members were renowned for their brilliance, culture, and personal energy yet tragically vulnerable to the dark and irrational currents of the twentieth century.",,,
155,,,"Bitcoin, Black America",book,https://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Black-America-Isaiah-Jackson/dp/1079178090,en,Isaiah Jackson,"economics, politics","Ready for a change in black economics? Join the Bitcoin revolution. Bitcoin and Black America is a dynamic new book that explores the synergy between black economics, Bitcoin and blockchain technology. The global financial system is changing and the digital revolution will not be televised.Explore how to incorporate Bitcoin into your business, job and educational institution. This book also outlines the need for separation from the racist banking system and a comprehensive list of black professionals actively working in the Blockchain industry.",,,
156,2016-05-17,,Seveneves,book,https://www.amazon.com/Seveneves-Neal-Stephenson/dp/0062334514,en,Neal Stephenson,fiction,Seveneves is a hard science fiction novel by Neal Stephenson published in 2015. The story tells of the desperate efforts to preserve Homo sapiens in the wake of apocalyptic events on Earth after the unexplained disintegration of the Moon and the remaking of human society as a space-based civilization after a severe genetic bottleneck.,,,
157,2000-05-03,,Cryptonomicon,book,https://www.amazon.com/Cryptonomicon-Neal-Stephenson/dp/0380788624,en,Neal Stephenson,fiction,"A breathtaking tour de force, and Neal Stephenson's most accomplished and affecting work, Cryptonomicon is profound and prophetic, hypnotic and hyper-driven, as it leaps forward and back between World War II and the World Wide Web, hinting all the while at a dark day-after-tomorrow. It is a work of great art, thought and creative daring; the product of a truly iconoclastic imagination working with white-hot intensity.",,,
158,2018-01-23,,12 Rules for Life,book,https://www.amazon.com/12-Rules-Life-Antidote-Chaos/dp/0345816021,en,Jordan B. Peterson,philosophy,"Humorous, surprising and informative, Dr. Peterson tells us why skateboarding boys and girls must be left alone, what terrible fate awaits those who criticize too easily, and why you should always pet a cat when you meet one on the street. What does the nervous system of the lowly lobster have to tell us about standing up straight (with our shoulders back) and about success in life? Why did ancient Egyptians worship the capacity to pay careful attention as the highest of gods? What dreadful paths do people tread when they become resentful, arrogant and vengeful? Dr. Peterson journeys broadly, discussing discipline, freedom, adventure and responsibility, distilling the world's wisdom into 12 practical and profound rules for life. The 12 Most Valuable Things Everyone Should Know shatters the modern commonplaces of science, faith and human nature, while transforming and ennobling the mind and spirit of its readers.",,,
159,2008-07-01,,The War of the End of the World,book,https://www.amazon.com/War-End-World-Novel/dp/0312427980,en,Mario Vargas Llosa,fiction,"Deep within the remote backlands of nineteenth-century Brazil lies Canudos, home to all the damned of the earth: prostitutes, bandits, beggars, and every kind of outcast. It is a place where history and civilization have been wiped away. There is no money, no taxation, no marriage, no census. Canudos is a cauldron for the revolutionary spirit in its purest form, a state with all the potential for a true, libertarian paradise--and one the Brazilian government is determined to crush at any cost. In perhaps his most ambitious and tragic novel, Mario Vargas Llosa tells his own version of the real story of Canudos, inhabiting characters on both sides of the massive, cataclysmic battle between the society and government troops. The resulting novel is a fable of Latin American revolutionary history, an unforgettable story of passion, violence, and the devastation that follows from fanaticism.",,,
160,1999-03-01,,Aristotle's Metaphysics,book,https://www.amazon.com/Aristotles-Metaphysics-Aristotle/dp/1888009039,en,Aristotle,"science, nature","Joe Sachs has followed up his brilliant translation of Aristotle's Physics with a new translation of Metaphysics. Sachs's translations bring distinguished new light onto Aristotle's works, which are foundational to history of science. Sachs translates Aristotle with an authenticity that was lost when Aristotle was translated into Latin and abstract Latin words came to stand for concepts Aristotle expressed with phrases in everyday Greek language. When the works began being translated into English, those abstract Latin words or their cognates were used, thus suggesting a level of jargon and abstraction, and in some cases misleading interpretation, which was not Aristotle's language or style. These important new translations open up Aristotle's original thought to readers.",,,
161,,,Getting the Words Right,book,https://www.amazon.com/Getting-Words-Right-Improve-Writing/dp/158297358X,en,Theodore Cheney,literature,"The Secret to Good Writing When asked by the Paris Review what compelled him to rewrite the ending of A Farewell to Arms 39 times, Ernest Hemingway replied, ""Getting the words right."" His answer echoes what every successful writer knows: The secret to all good writing is revision. For more than twenty years, Getting the Words Right has helped writers from all professions rewrite, revise, and refine their writing. In this new edition, author Theodore Cheney offers 39 targeted ways you can improve your writing, including how to: � create smooth transitions between paragraphs � correct the invisible faults of inconsistency, incoherence, and imbalance � overcome problems of shifting point of view and style � express your ideas clearly by trimming away weak or extra words You'll strengthen existing pieces and every future work by applying the three simple principles�reduce, rearrange, and reword. Once the secrets of revision are yours, you'll be able to follow Hemingway's lead�and get the words right!",,,
162,,,Technical Analysis of the Financial Markets,book,https://www.amazon.com/Technical-Analysis-Financial-Markets-Comprehensive/dp/0735200661,en,John J. Murphy,"money, investing","This outstanding reference has already taught thousands of traders the concepts of technical analysis and their application in the futures and stock markets. Covering the latest developments in computer technology, technical tools, and indicators, the second edition features new material on candlestick charting, intermarket relationships, stocks and stock rotation, plus state-of-the-art examples and figures. From how to read charts to understanding indicators and the crucial role technical analysis plays in investing, readers gain a thorough and accessible overview of the field of technical analysis, with a special emphasis on futures markets. Revised and expanded for the demands of today's financial world, this book is essential reading for anyone interested in tracking and analyzing market behavior.",,,
163,,,Water,book,https://www.amazon.com/Water-Struggle-Wealth-Power-Civilization/dp/0060548312,en,Steven Solomon,"economics, politics","Far more than oil, the control of water wealth throughout history has been pivotal to the rise and fall of great powers, the achievements of civilization, the transformations of society's vital habitats, and the quality of ordinary daily lives. Today, freshwater scarcity is one of the twenty-first century's decisive, looming challenges, driving new political, economic, and environmental realities across the globe. In Water, Steven Solomon offers the first-ever narrative portrait of the power struggles, personalities, and breakthroughs that have shaped humanity from antiquity's earliest civilizations through the steam-powered Industrial Revolution and America's century. Meticulously researched and masterfully written, Water is a groundbreaking account of man's most critical resource in shaping human destinies, from ancient times to our dawning age of water scarcity.",,,
164,2013-09-03,,The Dao of Capital,book,https://www.amazon.com/Dao-Capital-Austrian-Investing-Distorted/dp/111834703X,en,Mark Spitznagel,"money, investing","In The Dao of Capital, hedge fund manager and tail-hedging pioneer Mark Spitznagel�with one of the top returns on capital of the financial crisis, as well as over a career�takes us on a gripping, circuitous journey from the Chicago trading pits, over the coniferous boreal forests and canonical strategists from Warring States China to Napoleonic Europe to burgeoning industrial America, to the great economic thinkers of late 19th century Austria. We arrive at his central investment methodology of Austrian Investing, where victory comes not from waging the immediate decisive battle, but rather from the roundabout approach of seeking the intermediate positional advantage (what he calls shi), of aiming at the indirect means rather than directly at the ends. The monumental challenge is in seeing time differently, in a whole new intertemporal dimension, one that is so contrary to our wiring.",,,
165,2003-04-30,,The Columbian Exchange,book,https://www.amazon.com/Columbian-Exchange-Consequences-Anniversary-Contributions-ebook/dp/B017S4QP7C,en,"Jr. Crosby, Alfred W.",history,"Alfred Crosby published a small work that illuminated a simple point, that the most important changes brought on by the voyages of Columbus were not social or political, but biological in nature. The book told the story of how 1492 sparked the movement of organisms, both large and small, in both directions across the Atlantic. This Columbian exchange, between the Old World and the New, changed the history of our planet drastically and forever.",,,
166,2017-01-10,,Deep Survival,book,https://www.amazon.com/Deep-Survival-Who-Lives-Dies/dp/0393353710,en,Laurence Gonzales,"psychology, science, nature","Laurence Gonzales�s bestselling Deep Survival has helped save lives from the deepest wildernesses, just as it has improved readers� everyday lives. Its mix of adventure narrative, survival science, and practical advice has inspired everyone from business leaders to military officers, educators, and psychiatric professionals on how to take control of stress, learn to assess risk, and make better decisions under pressure.",,,
167,2012-09-25,,American Nations,book,https://www.amazon.com/American-Nations-History-Regional-Cultures/dp/0143122029,en,Colin Woodard,history,"According to award-winning journalist and historian Colin Woodard, North America is made up of eleven distinct nations, each with its own unique historical roots. In American Nations he takes readers on a journey through the history of our fractured continent, offering a revolutionary and revelatory take on American identity, and how the conflicts between them have shaped our past and continue to mold our future. From the Deep South to the Far West, to Yankeedom to El Norte, Woodard (author of American Character: A History of the Epic Struggle Between Individual Liberty and the Common Good) reveals how each region continues to uphold its distinguishing ideals and identities today, with results that can be seen in the composition of the U.S. Congress or on the county-by-county election maps of any hotly contested election in our history.",,,
168,,,Bureaucracy,book,https://www.amazon.com/Bureaucracy-Lib-Works-Ludwig-Mises/dp/0865976643,en,Ludwig von Mises,"economics, politics","Bureaucracy contrasts the two forms of economic management-that of a free-market economy and that of a bureaucracy. In the market economy entrepreneurs are driven to serve consumers by their desire to earn profits and to avoid losses. In a bureaucracy, the managers must comply with orders issued by the legislative body under which they operate; they may not spend without authorization, and they may not deviate from the path prescribed by law. Ludwig von Mises here lucidly demonstrates how the efficiencies of private ownership and control of public good production ultimately trump the guesswork of publicly administered �planning� through codes and �officialdom.�",,,
169,,,Since 1845,book,https://www.amazon.de/dp/B0007DVJKA,en,Mildred F. Stone,"money, investing, history","An account of Mutual Benefit Life's first 100 years of existence, which captured the visions of its founders and leaders and the deeds of the many people whose time and energies created a company that became a leader in the life insurance industry.",,,
170,2013-03-01,,Blind to Betrayal,book,https://www.amazon.com/Blind-Betrayal-Ourselves-Arent-Fooled/dp/0470604409,en,Jennifer Freyd,"science, nature, psychology","If the cover-up is worse than the crime, blindness to betrayal can be worse than the betrayal itself. Whether the betrayer is an unfaithful spouse, an abusive authority figure, an unfair boss, or a corrupt institution, we often refuse to see the truth order to protect ourselves. This book explores the fascinating phenomenon of how and why we ignore or deny betrayal, and what we can gain by transforming """"betrayal blindness"""" into insight.",,,
171,2017-08-08,,Morals and Markets,book,https://www.amazon.de/dp/0231183356,en,Viviana Zelizer,"money, investing, history","Life insurance-the promise of an insurer to pay a sum upon a person's death in exchange for a regular premium-is a bizarre enterprise. How can we monetize human life? Should we? What statistics do we use, what assumptions do we make, and what behavioral factors do we consider? First published in 1979, Morals and Markets Is a pathbreaking study exploring the development of life insurance in the United States. Viviana A. Rotman Zelizer combines economic history and a sociological perspective to advance a novel interpretation of the life insurance industry. The book pioneered a cultural approach to the analysis of morally controversial markets.",,,
172,,,1931,book,https://www.amazon.com/1931-Debt-Crisis-Rise-Hitler/dp/0198816197,en,Tobias Straumann,"history, economics, politics","Germany's financial collapse in the summer of 1931 was one of the biggest economic catastrophes of modern history. It led to a global panic, brought down the international monetary system, and turned a worldwide recession into a prolonged depression. The crisis also contributed decisively to the rise of Hitler. Within little more than a year of its onset, the Nazis were Germany's largest political party at both the regional and national level, paving the way for Hitler's eventual seizure of power in January 1933.",,,
173,1994-06-01,,How Buildings Learn,book,https://www.amazon.com/How-Buildings-Learn-Happens-Theyre/dp/0670835153,en,Stewart Brand,architecture,"Presents an innovative illustrated analysis of contemporary buildings and architecture, making a convincing argument for creating structures that are adaptable and allow redefinition of space and design and construction integration.",,,
174,,,Architecture of Community,book,https://www.amazon.com/Architecture-Community-Leon-Krier/dp/1597265799,en,Léon Krier,architecture,"L�on Krier is one of the best-known � and most provocative � architects and urban theoreticians in the world. Until now, however, his ideas have circulated mostly among a professional audience of architects, city planners, and academics. In The Architecture of Community, Krier has reconsidered and expanded writing from his 1998 book Architecture: Choice or Fate. Here he refines and updates his thinking on the making of sustainable, humane, and attractive villages, towns, and cities. This book includes drawings, diagrams, and photographs of his built works that have not been widely seen until now. Krier explains his theories on classical and vernacular urbanism and architecture, while providing practical design guidelines for creating livable urban spaces.",,,
175,2017-03-07,,How Emotions Are Made,book,https://www.amazon.com/How-Emotions-Are-Made-Secret-ebook/dp/B00QPHURT6,en,Lisa Feldman Barrett,"science, nature","The science of emotion is in the midst of a revolution on par with the discovery of relativity in physics and natural selection in biology. Leading the charge is psychologist and neuroscientist Lisa Feldman Barrett, whose research overturns the long-standing belief that emotions are automatic, universal, and hardwired in different brain regions. Instead, Barrett shows, we construct each instance of emotion through a unique interplay of brain, body, and culture. A lucid report from the cutting edge of emotion science, How Emotions Are Made reveals the profound real-world consequences of this breakthrough for everything from neuroscience and medicine to the legal system and even national security, laying bare the immense implications of our latest and most intimate scientific revolution.",,,
176,2014-07-08,,Masters of the Word,book,https://www.amazon.com/Masters-Word-Media-Shaped-History/dp/080212139X,en,William J. Bernstein,history,"In his book, William J. Bernstein, the celebrated author of A Splendid Exchange, chronicles the history of media, starting with the origin of writing thousands of years ago in Mesopotamia. The revolutionary tool gave rise to the world's ancient empires. And when Phoenician traders took their alphabet to Greece, literacy's first boom led to the birth of drama and democracy. But it's not just new communication technologies that have changed the world-it's access to them. Vernacular bibles gave rise to religious dissent, but it was only when the combination of cheaper paper and Gutenberg's printing press drove down the cost of books by 97 percent that the fuse of Reformation was lit. The Industrial Revolution allowed information to move faster and farther than ever before, though it concentrated power in the hands of those who ran radio and TV stations, large newspapers, and then, totalitarian governments. With the twenty-first century boom of the mobile Internet, control of media has again spread, and the world is both more connected and freer than ever before. An utterly captivating, enlightening book, Masters of the Word will change the way you look at technology, human history, and power.",,,
177,2008-04-11,,A Splendid Exchange,book,https://www.amazon.com/Splendid-Exchange-Trade-Shaped-World/dp/0871139790,en,William J. Bernstein,"economics, politics, history",The book describes the history of world trade in detail. The author begins from Mesopotamian times and then describes the exploits of Vasco da Gama.,,,
178,1991-08-28,,The Fatal Conceit,book,https://www.amazon.com/Fatal-Conceit-Errors-Socialism-Collected/dp/0226320669,en,Friedrich Hayek,"economics, politics","Hayek gives the main arguments for the free-market case and presents his manifesto on the ""errors of socialism."" Hayek argues that socialism has, from its origins, been mistaken on factual, and even on logical, grounds and that its repeated failures in the many different practical applications of socialist ideas that this century has witnessed were the direct outcome of these errors. He labels as the ""fatal conceit"" the idea that ""man is able to shape the world around him according to his wishes.""",,,
179,2018-01-18,,The Wealth of Nations,book,https://www.amazon.com/Wealth-Nations-Adam-Smith/dp/1680920960,en,Adam Smith,"economics, politics","An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, generally referred to by its shortened title The Wealth of Nations, is the magnum opus of the Scottish economist and moral philosopher Adam Smith. First published in 1776, the book offers one of the world's first collected descriptions of what builds nations' wealth, and is today a fundamental work in classical economics. By reflecting upon the economics at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the book touches upon such broad topics as the division of labour, productivity, and free markets",,,
180,,,Metaphors We Live By,book,https://www.amazon.com/Metaphors-We-Live-George-Lakoff/dp/0226468011,en,"George Lakoff, Mark Johnson",psychology,"The now-classic Metaphors We Live By changed our understanding of metaphor and its role in language and the mind. Metaphor, the authors explain, is a fundamental mechanism of mind, one that allows us to use what we know about our physical and social experience to provide understanding of countless other subjects. Because such metaphors structure our most basic understandings of our experience, they are ""metaphors we live by""�metaphors that can shape our perceptions and actions without our ever noticing them. In this updated edition of Lakoff and Johnson's influential book, the authors supply an afterword surveying how their theory of metaphor has developed within the cognitive sciences to become central to the contemporary understanding of how we think and how we express our thoughts in language.",,,
181,2010-10-19,,"The 10,000 Year Explosion",book,https://www.amazon.com/000-Year-Explosion-Civilization-Accelerated/dp/0465020429,en,Gregory Cochran,"science, nature","Scientists have long believed that the ""great leap forward"" that occurred some 40,000 to 50,000 years ago in Europe marked end of significant biological evolution in humans. In this stunningly original account of our evolutionary history, top scholars Gregory Cochran and Henry Harpending reject this conventional wisdom and reveal that the human species has undergone a storm of genetic change much more recently. Human evolution in fact accelerated after civilization arose, they contend, and these ongoing changes have played a pivotal role in human history. They argue that biology explains the expansion of the Indo-Europeans, the European conquest of the Americas, and European Jews' rise to intellectual prominence. In each of these cases, the key was recent genetic change: adult milk tolerance in the early Indo-Europeans that allowed for a new way of life, increased disease resistance among the Europeans settling America, and new versions of neurological genes among European Jews. Ranging across subjects as diverse as human domestication, Neanderthal hybridization, and IQ tests, Cochran and Harpending's analysis demonstrates convincingly that human genetics have changed and can continue to change much more rapidly than scientists have previously believed. A provocative and fascinating new look at human evolution that turns conventional wisdom on its head, The 10,000 Year Explosion reveals the ongoing interplay between culture and biology in the making of the human race.",,,
182,2003-04-29,,The Red Queen,book,https://www.amazon.com/Red-Queen-Evolution-Human-Nature/dp/0060556579,en,Matt Ridley,"science, nature","Referring to Lewis Carroll's Red Queen from Through the Looking-Glass, a character who has to keep running to stay in the same place, Matt Ridley demonstrates why sex is humanity's best strategy for outwitting its constantly mutating internal predators. The Red Queen answers dozens of other riddles of human nature and culture -- including why men propose marriage, the method behind our maddening notions of beauty, and the disquieting fact that a woman is more likely to conceive a child by an adulterous lover than by her husband. Brilliantly written, The Red Queen offers an extraordinary new way of interpreting the human condition and how it has evolved.",,,
183,,,The Selfish Gene,book,https://www.amazon.com/Selfish-Gene-Anniversary-Landmark-Science/dp/0198788606,en,Richard Dawkins,"science, nature","As influential today as when it was first published, The Selfish Gene has become a classic exposition of evolutionary thought. Professor Dawkins articulates a gene's eye view of evolution - a view giving centre stage to these persistent units of information, and in which organisms can be seen as vehicles for their replication. This imaginative, powerful, and stylistically brilliant work not only brought the insights of Neo-Darwinism to a wide audience, but galvanized the biology community, generating much debate and stimulating whole new areas of research. Forty years later, its insights remain as relevant today as on the day it was published.",,,
184,2009-01-26,,America's Great Depression,book,https://www.amazon.com/Americas-Great-Depression-Murray-Rothbard/dp/1607960656,en,Murray N Rothbard,"economics, politics, history","Rothbard opens with a theoretical treatment of business cycle theory, showing how an expansive monetary policy generates imbalances between investment and consumption. He proceeds to examine the Fed's policies of the 1920s, demonstrating that it was quite inflationary even if the effects did not show up in the price of goods and services. He showed that the stock market correction was merely one symptom of the investment boom that led inevitably to a bust. The Great Depression was not a crisis for capitalism but merely an example of the downturn part of the business cycle, which in turn was generated by government intervention in the economy. Had the book appeared in the 1940s, it might have spared the world much grief. Even so, its appearance in 1963 meant that free-market advocates had their first full-scale treatment of this crucial subject. The damage to the intellectual world inflicted by Keynesian- and socialist-style treatments would be limited from that day forward.",,,
185,2016-05-10,,Sapiens,book,https://www.amazon.com/Sapiens-Humankind-Yuval-Noah-Harari/dp/0771038518,en,Yuval Noah Harari,history,"In Sapiens, Dr. Yuval Noah Harari spans the whole of human history, from the very first humans to walk the earth to the radical -- and sometimes devastating -- breakthroughs of the Cognitive, Agricultural, and Scientific Revolutions. Drawing on insights from biology, anthropology, palaeontology, and economics, he explores how the currents of history have shaped our human societies, the animals and plants around us, and even our personalities. Have we become happier as history has unfolded? Can we ever free our behaviour from the heritage of our ancestors? And what, if anything, can we do to influence the course of the centuries to come? Bold, wide-ranging and provocative, Sapiens challenges everything we thought we knew about being human: our thoughts, our actions, our power...and our future.",,,
186,2019-01-15,,Enlightenment Now,book,https://www.amazon.com/Enlightenment-Now-Science-Humanism-Progress/dp/0143111388,en,Steven Pinker,"science, nature, spirituality, religion","Is the world really falling apart? Is the ideal of progress obsolete? In this elegant assessment of the human condition in the third millennium, cognitive scientist and public intellectual Steven Pinker urges us to step back from the gory headlines and prophecies of doom, which play to our psychological biases. Instead, follow the data: In seventy-five jaw-dropping graphs, Pinker shows that life, health, prosperity, safety, peace, knowledge, and happiness are on the rise, not just in the West, but worldwide. This progress is not the result of some cosmic force. It is a gift of the Enlightenment: the conviction that reason and science can enhance human flourishing.",,,
187,,,The Emperor's new clothes,book,https://www.amazon.com/Emperors-Clothes-Hans-Christian-Andersen/dp/0744572959,en,H.C. Andersen,fiction,"""The Emperor's New Clothes"" is a literary folktale written by Danish author Hans Christian Andersen, about a vain emperor who gets exposed before his subjects.",,,
188,2008-09-02,,God Is Not Great,book,https://www.amazon.com/God-Not-Great-Religion-Everything/dp/0771041438,en,Christopher Hitchens,"spirituality, religion","In the tradition of Bertrand Russell�s Why I Am Not a Christian and Sam Harris�s recent bestseller, The End Of Faith, Christopher Hitchens makes the ultimate case against religion. With a close and erudite reading of the major religious texts, he documents the ways in which religion is a man-made wish, a cause of dangerous sexual repression, and a distortion of our origins in the cosmos. With eloquent clarity, Hitchens frames the argument for a more secular life based on science and reason, in which hell is replaced by the Hubble Telescope�s awesome view of the universe, and Moses and the burning bush give way to the beauty and symmetry of the double helix.",,,
189,2019-09-17,,The madness of crowds,book,https://www.amazon.com/Madness-Crowds-Gender-Race-Identity/dp/1635579988,en,Douglas Murray,"economics, politics","In The Madness of Crowds Douglas Murray investigates the dangers of 'woke' culture and the rise of identity politics. In lively, razor-sharp prose he examines the most controversial issues of our moment: sexuality, gender, technology and race, with interludes on the Marxist foundations of 'wokeness', the impact of tech and how, in an increasingly online culture, we must relearn the ability to forgive. One of the few writers who dares to counter the prevailing view and question the dramatic changes in our society � from gender reassignment for children to the impact of transgender rights on women � Murray's penetrating book clears a path of sanity through the fog of our modern predicament.",,,
190,2020-06-30,,Apocalypse Never,book,https://www.amazon.com/Apocalypse-Never-Environmental-Alarmism-Hurts/dp/0063001691,en,Michael Shellenberger,"science, nature","Despite decades of news media attention, many remain ignorant of basic facts. Carbon emissions peaked and have been declining in most developed nations for over a decade. Deaths from extreme weather, even in poor nations, declined 80 percent over the last four decades. And the risk of Earth warming to very high temperatures is increasingly unlikely thanks to slowing population growth and abundant natural gas. Curiously, the people who are the most alarmist about the problems also tend to oppose the obvious solutions. What�s really behind the rise of apocalyptic environmentalism? There are powerful financial interests. There are desires for status and power. But most of all there is a desire among supposedly secular people for transcendence. This spiritual impulse can be natural and healthy. But in preaching fear without love, and guilt without redemption, the new religion is failing to satisfy our deepest psychological and existential needs.",,,
191,2014-11-13,,The Moral Case for Fossil Fuels,book,https://www.amazon.com/Moral-Case-Fossil-Fuels/dp/1591847443,en,Alex Epstein,"science, nature","For decades, environmentalists have told us that using fossil fuels is a self-destructive addiction that will destroy our planet. Yet at the same time, by every measure of human well-being, from life expectancy to clean water to climate safety, life has been getting better and better. How can this be? The explanation, energy expert Alex Epstein argues in The Moral Case for Fossil Fuels, is that we usually hear only one side of the story. We�re taught to think only of the negatives of fossil fuels, their risks and side effects, but not their positives�their unique ability to provide cheap, reliable energy for a world of seven billion people. And the moral significance of cheap, reliable energy, Epstein argues, is woefully underrated. Energy is our ability to improve every single aspect of life, whether economic or environmental.",,,
192,2014-05-13,,The Big Fat Surprise,book,https://www.amazon.com/Big-Fat-Surprise-Butter-Healthy/dp/1451624425,en,Nina Teicholz,"health, fitness","In The Big Fat Surprise, investigative journalist Nina Teicholz reveals the unthinkable: that everything we thought we knew about dietary fat is wrong. She documents how the low-fat nutrition advice of the past sixty years has amounted to a vast uncontrolled experiment on the entire population, with disastrous consequences for our health. For decades, we have been told that the best possible diet involves cutting back on fat, especially saturated fat, and that if we are not getting healthier or thinner it must be because we are not trying hard enough. But what if the low-fat diet is itself the problem? What if the very foods we�ve been denying ourselves�the creamy cheeses, the sizzling steaks�are themselves the key to reversing the epidemics of obesity, diabetes, and heart disease?",,,
193,,,Think on These Things,book,https://www.amazon.com/Think-These-Things-Jiddu-Krishnamurti/dp/0060916095,en,Jiddu Krishnamurti,"spirituality, religion, philosophy","Krishnamurti examines with characteristic objectivity and insight the expressions of what we are pleased to call our culture, our education, religion, politics and tradition; and he throws much light on such basic emotions as ambition, greed and envy, the desire for security and the lust for power; all of which he shows to be deteriorating factors in human society.",,,
194,2001-02-06,,No Boundary,book,https://www.amazon.com/No-Boundary-Eastern-Approaches-Personal/dp/1570627436,en,Ken Wilber,"spirituality, religion, psychology",A simple yet comprehensive guide to the types of psychologies and therapies available from Eastern and Western sources. Each chapter includes a specific exercise designed to help the reader understand the nature and practice of the specific therapies. Wilber presents an easy-to-use map of human consciousness against which the various therapies are introduced and explained. This edition includes a new preface.,,,
195,1992-12-01,,Lila,book,https://www.amazon.com/Lila-Inquiry-Robert-M-Pirsig/dp/0553299611,en,Robert Pirsig,"fiction, philosophy",The author of Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance examines life's essential issues as he recounts the journey down the Hudson River in a sailboat of his philosopher-narrator Phaedrus.,,,
196,,,Governing the Commons,book,https://www.amazon.com/Governing-Commons-Evolution-Institutions-Collective/dp/1107569788,en,Elinor Ostrom,"economics, politics","The governance of natural resources used by many individuals in common is an issue of increasing concern to policy analysts. Both state control and privatization of resources have been advocated, but neither the state nor the market have been uniformly successful in solving common pool resource problems. After critiquing the foundations of policy analysis as applied to natural resources, Elinor Ostrom here provides a unique body of empirical data to explore conditions under which common pool resource problems have been satisfactorily or unsatisfactorily solved. Dr Ostrom uses institutional analysis to explore different ways - both successful and unsuccessful - of governing the commons. In contrast to the proposition of the 'tragedy of the commons' argument, common pool problems sometimes are solved by voluntary organizations rather than by a coercive state. Among the cases considered are communal tenure in meadows and forests, irrigation communities and other water rights, and fisheries.",,,
197,1999-02-08,,Seeing Like a State,book,https://www.amazon.com/Seeing-like-State-Certain-Condition/dp/0300078153,en,James C. Scott,"economics, politics, history","In this wide-ranging and original book, James C. Scott analyzes failed cases of large-scale authoritarian plans in a variety of fields. He argues that centrally managed social plans derail when they impose schematic visions that do violence to complex interdependencies that are not -- and cannot be -- fully understood. Further the success of designs for social organization depends on the recognition that local, practical knowledge is as important as formal, epistemic knowledge. The author builds a persuasive case against ""development theory"" and imperialistic state planning that disregards the values, desires, and objections of its subjects. And in discussing these planning disasters, he identifies four conditions common to them all: the state's attempt to impose administrative order on nature and society; a high-modernist ideology that believes scientific intervention can improve every aspect of human life; a willingness to use authoritarian state power to effect large-scale innovations; and a prostrate civil society that cannot effectively resist such plans.",,,
198,,,Hackers & Painters,book,https://www.amazon.com/Hackers-Painters-Big-Ideas-Computer/dp/1449389554,en,Paul Graham,technology,"We are living in the computer age, in a world increasingly designed and engineered by computer programmers and software designers, by people who call themselves hackers. Who are these people, what motivates them, and why should you care? Consider these facts: Everything around us is turning into computers. Your typewriter is gone, replaced by a computer. Your phone has turned into a computer. So has your camera. Soon your TV will. Your car was not only designed on computers, but has more processing power in it than a room-sized mainframe did in 1970. Letters, encyclopedias, newspapers, and even your local store are being replaced by the Internet. Hackers & Painters: Big Ideas from the Computer Age, by Paul Graham, explains this world and the motivations of the people who occupy it. In clear, thoughtful prose that draws on illuminating historical examples, Graham takes readers on an unflinching exploration into what he calls ""an intellectual Wild West."" The ideas discussed in this book will have a powerful and lasting impact on how we think, how we work, how we develop technology, and how we live. Topics include the importance of beauty in software design, how to make wealth, heresy and free speech, the programming language renaissance, the open-source movement, digital design, internet startups, and more.",,,
199,2014-03-04,,"To Save Everything, Click Here",book,https://www.amazon.com/Save-Everything-Click-Here-Technological/dp/1610393708,en,Evgeny Morozov,technology,"In the very near future, ""smart"" technologies and ""big data"" will allow us to make large-scale and sophisticated interventions in politics, culture, and everyday life. Technology will allow us to solve problems in highly original ways and create new incentives to get more people to do the right thing. But how will such ""solutionism"" affect our society, once deeply political, moral, and irresolvable dilemmas are recast as uncontroversial and easily manageable matters of technological efficiency? What if some such problems are simply vices in disguise? What if some friction in communication is productive and some hypocrisy in politics necessary? The temptation of the digital age is to fix everything -- from crime to corruption to pollution to obesity -- by digitally quantifying, tracking, or gamifying behavior. But when we change the motivations for our moral, ethical, and civic behavior we may also change the very nature of that behavior. Technology, Evgeny Morozov proposes, can be a force for improvement -- but only if we keep solutionism in check and learn to appreciate the imperfections of liberal democracy. Some of those imperfections are not accidental but by design. Arguing that we badly need a new, post-Internet way to debate the moral consequences of digital technologies, To Save Everything, Click Here warns against a world of seamless efficiency, where everyone is forced to wear Silicon Valley's digital straitjacket.",,,
200,,,The Wealth of Networks,book,https://www.amazon.com/Wealth-Networks-Production-Transforms-Markets/dp/0300110561,en,Yochai Benkler,technology,"With the radical changes in information production that the Internet has introduced, we stand at an important moment of transition, says Yochai Benkler in this thought-provoking book. The phenomenon he describes as social production is reshaping markets, while at the same time offering new opportunities to enhance individual freedom, cultural diversity, political discourse, and justice. But these results are by no means inevitable: a systematic campaign to protect the entrenched industrial information economy of the last century threatens the promise of today�s emerging networked information environment. In this comprehensive social theory of the Internet and the networked information economy, Benkler describes how patterns of information, knowledge, and cultural production are changing�and shows that the way information and knowledge are made available can either limit or enlarge the ways people can create and express themselves. He describes the range of legal and policy choices that confront us and maintains that there is much to be gained�or lost�by the decisions we make today.",,,
201,,,"Venice, A Maritime Republic",book,https://www.amazon.com/Venice-Maritime-Republic-Frederic-Chapin/dp/080181460X,en,Frederic Chapin Lane,"history, economics, politics","Frederic Lane has achieved what is the often unfulfilled dream of every historian who has devoted his entire work to the exploration of partial aspects of a single broad subject: he has given us a comprehensive, thoughtful, readable, beautifully illustrated general history of Venice from the origins to the beginning of decline.",,,
202,2009-12-29,,Daemon,book,https://www.amazon.com/DAEMON-Daemon-Daniel-Suarez/dp/0451228731,en,Daniel Suarez,fiction,"When the obituary of legendary computer game architect Matthew Sobol appears online, a previously dormant daemon activates, initiating a chain of events that begins to unravel our interconnected world. This daemon reads news headlines, recruits human followers, and orders assassinations. With Sobol�s secrets buried with him, and as new layers of his daemon are unleashed, it�s up to Detective Peter Sebeck to stop a self-replicating virtual killer before it achieves its ultimate purpose�one that goes far beyond anything Sebeck could have imagined...",,,
203,,,Social Engineering,book,https://www.amazon.com/Social-Engineering-Science-Human-Hacking/dp/111943338X,en,Christopher Hadnagy,psychology,"Social Engineering: The Science of Human Hacking reveals the craftier side of the hacker�s repertoire�why hack into something when you could just ask for access? Undetectable by firewalls and antivirus software, social engineering relies on human fault to gain access to sensitive spaces; in this book, renowned expert Christopher Hadnagy explains the most commonly-used techniques that fool even the most robust security personnel, and shows you how these techniques have been used in the past. The way that we make decisions as humans affects everything from our emotions to our security. Hackers, since the beginning of time, have figured out ways to exploit that decision making process and get you to take an action not in your best interest. This new Second Edition has been updated with the most current methods used by sharing stories, examples, and scientific study behind how those decisions are exploited.",,,
204,,,The Like Switch,book,https://www.amazon.com/Like-Switch-Influencing-Attracting-Winning/dp/1476754489,en,Jack Schafer,psychology,"From a former FBI Special Agent specializing in behavior analysis and recruiting spies comes a handbook filled with his proven strategies on how to instantly read people and influence how they perceive you, so you can easily turn on the like switch.",,,
205,2006-12-26,,Influence,book,https://www.amazon.com/Influence-Psychology-Persuasion-Robert-Cialdini/dp/006124189X,en,Robert B Cialdini,psychology,"Influence, the classic book on persuasion, explains the psychology of why people say ""yes""�and how to apply these understandings. Dr. Robert Cialdini is the seminal expert in the rapidly expanding field of influence and persuasion. His thirty-five years of rigorous, evidence-based research along with a three-year program of study on what moves people to change behavior has resulted in this highly acclaimed book.",,,
206,,,Magic Internet Money,book,https://www.amazon.com/Magic-Internet-Money-About-Bitcoin/dp/1777128404,en,Jesse Berger,"technology, money, investing","What is money? The question is simple, but the answer is not. Pulling back the curtain on ideas at the heart of the modern monetary renaissance, Magic Internet Money takes you on a timely journey through the intertwined worlds of money and Bitcoin. Discussing a variety of related topics - such as banking, cryptography, economics, and governance - in plain language, this illuminating tale examines many common assumptions about money, challenging readers to re-think its role in society. Packed with striking imagery and descriptions, this book is as entertaining as it is insightful, shattering popular misconceptions and unraveling the promise of sound money � and in particular, Bitcoin � to usher in a brighter future for all of us.",,,
207,,,Bigger Leaner Stronger,book,https://www.amazon.com/Bigger-Leaner-Stronger-Building-Ultimate/dp/1938895444,en,Michael Matthews,"health, fitness","If you want to get muscular, lean, and strong as quickly as possible without steroids, good genetics, extreme dieting, or wasting ridiculous amounts of time in the gym . . . regardless of your age . . . you want to read this book.",,,
208,1988-12-14,,Economics In One Lesson,book,https://www.amazon.com/Economics-One-Lesson-Shortest-Understand/dp/0517548232,en,Henry Hazlitt,"economics, politics, history","Considered among the leading economic thinkers of the �Austrian School,� which includes Carl Menger, Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich (F.A.) Hayek, and others, Henry Hazlitt (1894-1993), was a libertarian philosopher, an economist, and a journalist. He was the founding vice-president of the Foundation for Economic Education and an early editor of The Freeman magazine, an influential libertarian publication. Hazlitt wrote Economics in One Lesson, his seminal work, in 1946. Concise and instructive, it is also deceptively prescient and far-reaching in its efforts to dissemble economic fallacies that are so prevalent they have almost become a new orthodoxy.",,,
209,,,This Book Will Save You Time,book,https://www.amazon.com/This-Book-Will-Save-Time/dp/B088JH7LX8,en,Misir Mahmudov,"money, investing, technology","The only limited resource is human time. Everything else can be made, bought or created. Our life is made up of around 600,000 hours and every second is of infinite value. We live in an attention economy where corporations are fighting for our time with the goal of monetizing our every second. The money we use loses value and devalues our time through inflation. When we work, we are exchanging our limited time for money whose quantity increases every year. It hasn�t always been this way. People used gold as money for a reason; it was also a limited resource. Now, what does the future hold? Valuing your time is the first step to improving your life. Knowing that your time is the only limited resource makes you more selective about the things you do, the people you spend your time with and the assets you choose to store your wealth in. Once you learn to appreciate your time, you will get busy doing the things you love and start making better financial choices.",,,
210,,,What Has Government Done to Our Money?,book,https://www.amazon.com/What-Has-Government-Done-Money/dp/1610166450,en,Murray N. Rothbard,"money, investing, history","When this gem first appeared in 1963, it took the form of a small paperback designed for mass distribution. We've conjured up that spirit again with this special edition of Rothbard's primer on money and government.Innumerable economists, investors, commentators, and authors have learned from this book through the decades. After fifty years, it remains the best book in print on the topic, a real manifesto of sound money.Rothbard boils down the Austrian theory to its essentials. The book also made huge theoretical advances. Rothbard was the first to prove that the government, and only the government, can destroy money on a mass scale, and he showed exactly how they go about this dirty deed. But just as importantly, it is beautifully written.",,,
211,,,Deflation and Liberty,book,https://www.amazon.com/Deflation-Liberty-Jorg-Guido-Hulsmann/dp/193355035X,en,Joerg Guido Huelsmann,"economics, politics","This monograph addresses a critically important issue: the prevailing view that deflation (falling prices and/or falling money stock) is a catastrophe that must be stopped. Jorg Guido Hulsmann shows that deflation is nothing to fear. The government should permit it to happen as a path to economic recovery and even as a tool to reform. Institutions that are liquidated in deflation need to be liquidated, and that includes banks and other financial institutions as well.The essay covers a surprisingly vast theoretical territory in a short space, including the nature of money and interest, the boom and bust, the impossibility of stabilization measures, and the economic trends of the recession.",,,
212,,,"Money, Bank Credit, and Economic Cycles",book,https://www.amazon.com/Credit-Economic-Cycles-Huerta-2009-04-14/dp/B01FIYTATY,en,Jesus Huerta de Soto,"economics, politics, history","Can the market fully manage the money and banking sector? Jesus Huerta de Soto, professor of economics at the Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, has made history with this mammoth and exciting treatise that it has and can again, without inflation, without business cycles, and without the economic instability that has characterised the age of government control. Such a book as this comes along only once every several generations: a complete comprehensive treatise on economic theory. It is sweeping, revolutionary, and devastating -- not only the most extended elucidation of Austrian business cycle theory to ever appear in print but also a decisive vindication of the Misesian-Rothbardian perspective on money, banking, and the law. The author has said that this is the most significant work on money and banking to appear since 1912, when Mises's own book was published and changed the way all economists thought about the subject.",,,
213,,,The Internet of Money,book,https://www.amazon.com/Internet-Money-Andreas-M-Antonopoulos/dp/1537000454,en,Andreas M. Antonopoulos,"technology, money, investing","While many books explain the how of bitcoin, The Internet of Money delves into the why of bitcoin. Acclaimed information-security expert and author of Mastering Bitcoin, Andreas M. Antonopoulos examines and contextualizes the significance of bitcoin through a series of essays spanning the exhilarating maturation of this technology. Bitcoin, a technological breakthrough quietly introduced to the world in 2008, is transforming much more than finance. Bitcoin is disrupting antiquated industries to bring financial independence to billions worldwide. In this book, Andreas explains why bitcoin is a financial and technological evolution with potential far exceeding the label ""digital currency."" Andreas goes beyond exploring the technical functioning of the bitcoin network by illuminating bitcoin's philosophical, social, and historical implications. As the internet has essentially transformed how people around the world interact and has permanently impacted our lives in ways we never could have imagined, bitcoin--the internet of money--is fundamentally changing our approach to solving social, political, and economic problems through decentralized technology.",,,
214,,,Why Buy Bitcoin,book,https://www.amazon.com/Why-Buy-Bitcoin-Investing-Tomorrow/dp/1733219609,en,Andy Edstrom,"money, investing, technology","Some people still view Bitcoin as a startup. But despite being declared dead many times by the mainstream media, Bitcoin grows stronger every year. What�s going on? It�s not too late to learn about Bitcoin and invest. Bitcoin�s value has grown exponentially over multiple boom and bust cycles spanning a decade. Bitcoin is an Internet-native phenomenon like Alibaba, Amazon, Apple, Facebook, Google, Netflix, Microsoft, and Tencent. It therefore benefits from the �network effect� which makes it dramatically more valuable as the network grows. But its potential value is much larger than the giant Internet companies we know so well. If Bitcoin reaches that potential, its value could rise by 50 times its current price in the coming decade. This book will help you understand the role of money in our society, the current state of debt in our economy, and how Bitcoin provides a better solution.",,,
215,,,"The Not So Wild, Wild West",book,https://www.amazon.com/Not-So-Wild-West-Economics/dp/0804748543,en,Terry L. Anderson,"economics, politics, history","Mention of the American West usually evokes images of rough and tumble cowboys, ranchers, and outlaws. In contrast, The Not So Wild, Wild West casts America's frontier history in a new framework that emphasizes the creation of institutions, both formal and informal, that facilitated cooperation rather than conflict. Rather than describing the frontier as a place where heroes met villains, this book argues that everyday people helped carve out legal institutions that tamed the West. The authors emphasize that ownership of resources evolves as those resources become more valuable or as establishing property rights becomes less costly. Rules evolving at the local level will be more effective because local people have a greater stake in the outcome. This theory is brought to life in the colorful history of Indians, fur trappers, buffalo hunters, cattle drovers, homesteaders, and miners. The book concludes with a chapter that takes lessons from the American frontier and applies them to our modern ""frontiers""-the environment, developing countries, and space exploration.",,,
216,2018-07-31,,The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress,book,https://www.amazon.com/Moon-Harsh-Mistress-Robert-Heinlein/dp/0440001358,en,Robert A. Heinlein,"fiction, philosophy","Widely acknowledged as one of Robert A. Heinlein's greatest works, The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress rose from the golden age of science fiction to become an undisputed classic�and a touchstone for the philosophy of personal responsibility and political freedom. A revolution on a lunar penal colony�aided by a self-aware supercomputer�provides the framework for a story of a diverse group of men and women grappling with the ever-changing definitions of humanity, technology, and free will�themes that resonate just as strongly today as they did when the novel was first published.",,,
217,1986-07-15,,Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal,book,https://www.amazon.com/Capitalism-Ideal-Ayn-Rand/dp/0451147952,en,Ayn Rand,"economics, politics","The foundations of capitalism are being battered by a flood of altruism, which is the cause of the modern world's collapse. This is the view of Ayn Rand, a view so radically opposed to prevailing attitudes that it constitutes a major philosophic revolution. Here is a challenging new look at modern society by one of the most provocative intellectuals on the American scene.",,,
218,,,Independence Reimagined,book,https://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Independence-reimagined-Knut-Svanholm/dp/B087638GJT,en,Knut Svanholm,"money, investing, technology","This follow-up to ""Bitcoin: Sovereignty Through Mathematics"" describes the old boxes we have been operating within, and how Bitcoin encourages us to challenge and reshape them. It takes the reader deeper down the rabbit hole and reveals how the honey badger that lives there is still indifferent to people's opinions about it.",,,
219,,,Sovereignty Through Mathematics,book,https://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Sovereignty-mathematics-Knut-Svanholm/dp/1090109911,en,Knut Svanholm,"money, investing, technology","What makes Bitcoin so special? What sets Bitcoin apart from every other monetary asset that preceded it? What is a monetary asset in the first place? What is money? What is inflation? Who benefits from it? What is scarcity? Is Bitcoin's mining process wasteful? Is Bitcoin a religion or a rejection of religious beliefs? All of this and more, inside.",,,
220,,,America Before,book,https://www.amazon.com/America-Before-investigation-bestselling-Fingerprints/dp/1473660572,en,Graham Hancock,"science, nature, history","America Before: The Key to Earth's Lost Civilization rewrites continental American history as we know it and is the culmination of everything that millions of readers have loved in Hancock's work over the past decades, namely a mind-dilating exploration of the mystery of ancient civilizations, amazing archaeological discoveries and profound implications for how we lead our lives today.",,,
221,1997-12-29,,The Fourth Turning,book,https://www.amazon.com/Fourth-Turning-American-Prophecy-Rendezvous/dp/0767900464,en,William Strauss,"economics, politics, history","Strauss and Howe will change the way you see the world--and your place in it. In The Fourth Turning, they apply their generational theories to the cycles of history and locate America in the middle of an unraveling period, on the brink of a crisis. How you prepare for this crisis--the Fourth Turning--is intimately connected to the mood and attitude of your particular generation. Are you one of the can-do ""GI generation,"" who triumphed in the last crisis? Do you belong to the mediating ""Silent Majority,"" who enjoyed the 1950s High? Do you fall into the ""awakened"" Boomer category of the 1970s and 1980s, or are you a Gen-Xer struggling to adapt to our splintering world? Whatever your stage of life, The Fourth Turning offers bold predictions about how all of us can prepare, individually and collectively, for America's next rendezvous with destiny.",,,
222,,,The Lessons of History,book,https://www.amazon.com/Lessons-History-Will-Durant/dp/143914995X,en,Will Durant,history,"A concise survey of the culture and civilization of mankind, The Lessons of History is the result of a lifetime of research from Pulitzer Prize�winning historians Will and Ariel Durant. With their accessible compendium of philosophy and social progress, the Durants take us on a journey through history, exploring the possibilities and limitations of humanity over time. Juxtaposing the great lives, ideas, and accomplishments with cycles of war and conquest, the Durants reveal the towering themes of history and give meaning to our own.",,,
223,,,Why We Sleep,book,https://www.amazon.com/Why-We-Sleep-Unlocking-Dreams/dp/1501144324,en,Matthew Walker,"science, nature","In this �compelling and utterly convincing� book, preeminent neuroscientist and sleep expert Matthew Walker provides a revolutionary exploration of sleep, examining how it affects every aspect of our physical and mental well-being. Charting the most cutting-edge scientific breakthroughs, and marshalling his decades of research and clinical practice, Walker explains how we can harness sleep to improve learning, mood and energy levels, regulate hormones, prevent cancer, Alzheimer�s and diabetes, slow the effects of aging, and increase longevity. He also provides actionable steps towards getting a better night�s sleep every night.",,,
224,2020-05-12,,Entangled Life,book,https://www.amazon.com/Entangled-Life-Worlds-Change-Futures/dp/0525510311,en,Merlin Sheldrake,"science, nature","In Entangled Life, the brilliant young biologist Merlin Sheldrake shows us the world from a fungal point of view, providing an exhilarating change of perspective. Sheldrake�s vivid exploration takes us from yeast to psychedelics, to the fungi that range for miles underground and are the largest organisms on the planet, to those that link plants together in complex networks known as the �Wood Wide Web,� to those that infiltrate and manipulate insect bodies with devastating precision. Fungi throw our concepts of individuality and even intelligence into question. They are metabolic masters, earth makers, and key players in most of life�s processes. They can change our minds, heal our bodies, and even help us remediate environmental disaster. By examining fungi on their own terms, Sheldrake reveals how these extraordinary organisms�and our relationships with them�are changing our understanding of how life works.",,,
225,,,"Exit, Voice, and Loyalty",book,https://www.amazon.com/Exit-Voice-Loyalty-Responses-Organizations/dp/0674276604,en,Albert O. Hirschman,"money, investing","An innovator in contemporary thought on economic and political development looks here at decline rather than growth. Albert O. Hirschman makes a basic distinction between alternative ways of reacting to deterioration in business firms and, in general, to dissatisfaction with organizations: one, �exit,� is for the member to quit the organization or for the customer to switch to the competing product, and the other, �voice,� is for members or customers to agitate and exert influence for change �from within.� The efficiency of the competitive mechanism, with its total reliance on exit, is questioned for certain important situations. As exit often undercuts voice while being unable to counteract decline, loyalty is seen in the function of retarding exit and of permitting voice to play its proper role.",,,
226,2015-09-15,,The Unsettling of America,book,https://www.amazon.com/Unsettling-America-Culture-Agriculture/dp/161902599X,en,Wendell Berry,"science, nature","Since its publication in 1977, The Unsettling of America has been recognized as a classic of American letters. In it, Wendell Berry argues that good farming is a cultural and spiritual discipline. Today�s agribusiness, however, takes farming out of its cultural context and away from families. As a result, we as a nation are more estranged from the land-from the intimate knowledge, love, and care of it. Sadly, his arguments and observations are more relevant than ever. Although �this book has not had the happy fate of being proved wrong,� Berry writes, there are people working �to make something comely and enduring of our life on this earth.� Wendell Berry is one of those people, writing and working, as ever, with passion, eloquence, and conviction.",,,
227,,,The Pursuit of Power,book,https://www.amazon.com/Pursuit-Power-Technology-Society-D/dp/0226561585,en,William H. McNeill,"economics, politics, history","In this magnificent synthesis of military, technological, and social history, William H. McNeill explores a whole millennium of human upheaval and traces the path by which we have arrived at the frightening dilemmas that now confront us. McNeill moves with equal mastery from the crossbow�banned by the Church in 1139 as too lethal for Christians to use against one another�to the nuclear missile, from the sociological consequences of drill in the seventeenth century to the emergence of the military-industrial complex in the twentieth.",,,
228,,,Patterns of Discovery,book,https://www.amazon.com/Patterns-Discovery-Inquiry-Conceptual-Foundations/dp/0521092612,en,Norwood Russell Hanson,"science, nature, philosophy","Philosophers of science have given considerable attention to the logic of completed scientific systems. In this 1958 book, Professor Hanson turns to an equally important but comparatively neglected subject, the philosophical aspects of research and discovery. He shows that there is a logical pattern in finding theories as much as in using established theories to make deductions and predictions, and he sets out the features of this pattern with the help of striking examples in the history of science.",,,
229,,,The Problem with Interest,book,https://www.amazon.com/Problem-Interest-Tarek-El-Diwany-2010-10-18/dp/B01FGNPLGI,en,Tarek El-Diwany,"money, investing",,,,
230,2013-03-29,,Competition and Entrepreneurship,book,https://www.amazon.com/Competition-Entrepreneurship-Collected-Israel-Kirzner/dp/0865978468,en,Israel M. Kirzner,"economics, politics","Competition and Entrepreneurship defines Israel M. Kirzner�s unique contribution to the economics profession. Pointing out the shortcomings of the traditional microeconomic model, Kirzner offers an alternative and complementary view, which illuminates and enriches the way economists think of the market process. Kirzner develops a theory of the market process that focuses on the role of the pure entrepreneurial element in human action.",,,
231,2020-03-03,,The Age of Surveillance Capitalism,book,https://www.amazon.com/Age-Surveillance-Capitalism-Future-Frontier/dp/1541758005,en,Shoshana Zuboff,technology,"The threat has shifted from a totalitarian Big Brother state to a ubiquitous digital architecture: a ""Big Other"" operating in the interests of surveillance capital. Here is the crucible of an unprecedented form of power marked by extreme concentrations of knowledge and free from democratic oversight. Zuboff's comprehensive and moving analysis lays bare the threats to twenty-first century society: a controlled ""hive"" of total connection that seduces with promises of total certainty for maximum profit -- at the expense of democracy, freedom, and our human future. With little resistance from law or society, surveillance capitalism is on the verge of dominating the social order and shaping the digital future -- if we let it.",,,
232,,,Mastering Bitcoin,book,https://www.amazon.com/Mastering-Bitcoin-Programming-Open-Blockchain/dp/1491954388,en,Andreas M. Antonopoulos,"money, investing, technology","Join the technological revolution that�s taking the financial world by storm. Mastering Bitcoin is your guide through the seemingly complex world of bitcoin, providing the knowledge you need to participate in the internet of money.",,,
233,2000-01-27,,Debt And Delusion,book,https://www.amazon.com/Debt-Delusion-Peter-Warburton/dp/0140277528,en,Peter Warburton,history,,,,
234,,,The Forgotten Man,book,https://www.amazon.com/Forgotten-Man-History-Great-Depression/dp/0060936428,en,Amity Shlaes,history,It's difficult today to imagine how America survived the Great Depression. Only through the stories of the common people who struggled during that era can we really understand how the nation endured. These are the people at the heart of Amity Shlaes's insightful and inspiring history of one of the most crucial events of the twentieth century.,,,
235,2018-02-27,,The Truth Machine,book,https://www.amazon.com/Truth-Machine-Blockchain-Future-Everything/dp/1250114578,en,Paul Vigna,technology,"Big banks have grown bigger and more entrenched. Privacy exists only until the next hack. Credit card fraud is a fact of life. Many of the �legacy systems� once designed to make our lives easier and our economy more efficient are no longer up to the task. Yet there is a way past all this-a new kind of operating system with the potential to revolutionize vast swaths of our economy: the blockchain. In The Truth Machine, Michael J. Casey and Paul Vigna demystify the blockchain and explain why it can restore personal control over our data, assets, and identities; grant billions of excluded people access to the global economy; and shift the balance of power to revive society�s faith in itself. They reveal the disruption it promises for industries including finance, tech, legal, and shipping.",,,
236,2020-08-04,,Big Debt Crises,book,https://www.amazon.com/Big-Debt-Crises-Ray-Dalio/dp/057856565X,en,Ray Dalio,"economics, politics, history","As he explained in his #1 New York Times Bestseller, Principles: Life & Work, Dalio believes that most everything happens over and over again through time so that by studying their patterns one can understand the cause-effect relationships behind them and develop principles for dealing with them well. In this 3-part research series, he does that for big debt crises and shares his template in the hopes reducing the chances of big debt crises happening and helping them be better managed in the future.",,,
237,2016-06-21,,The Vital Question,book,https://www.amazon.com/Vital-Question-Evolution-Origins-Complex/dp/0393352978,en,Nick Lane,"science, nature","The Earth teems with life: in its oceans, forests, skies and cities. Yet there�s a black hole at the heart of biology. We do not know why complex life is the way it is, or, for that matter, how life first began. In The Vital Question, award-winning author and biochemist Nick Lane radically reframes evolutionary history, putting forward a solution to conundrums that have puzzled generations of scientists. For two and a half billion years, from the very origins of life, single-celled organisms such as bacteria evolved without changing their basic form. Then, on just one occasion in four billion years, they made the jump to complexity. All complex life, from mushrooms to man, shares puzzling features, such as sex, which are unknown in bacteria. How and why did this radical transformation happen? The answer, Lane argues, lies in energy: all life on Earth lives off a voltage with the strength of a lightning bolt. Building on the pillars of evolutionary theory, Lane�s hypothesis draws on cutting-edge research into the link between energy and cell biology, in order to deliver a compelling account of evolution from the very origins of life to the emergence of multicellular organisms, while offering deep insights into our own lives and deaths. Both rigorous and enchanting, The Vital Question provides a solution to life�s vital question: why are we as we are, and indeed, why are we here at all?",,,
238,1998-05-01,,The Gospel of Wealth,book,https://www.amazon.com/Gospel-Wealth-Little-Books-Wisdom/dp/1557094713,en,Andrew Carnegie,"money, investing",This classic breakthrough essay by Andrew Carnegie about the responsibilities of those of great means to use their wealth for the good of society first appeared in the North American Review in 1898.,,,
239,,,Bitcoin: Hard Money You Can't F*ck With,book,https://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-bitcoin-global-reserve-currency/dp/1838318402,en,Jason A. Williams,"money, investing","Bitcoin is hard money you can�t f*ck with. No-one controls it. No governments, no companies, no central banks, no money printing. It�s a revolution as big as the internet. And it�s never been hacked. Entrepreneur and investor Jason A. Williams is the first author to put bitcoin in context of the 2020 crisis - a year of financial disaster and unprecedented money creation (money printer go brrr!) Not only was bitcoin the best-performing asset on the planet in 2020, it quietly established itself as the next global reserve currency as central banks around the world desperately printed their money into oblivion. Hard Money You Can�t F*ck With explains bitcoin in simple, readable terms and maps out how this �magic internet money� will grow into the best form of money we�ve ever had.",,,
240,2017-03-07,,The Brain,book,https://www.amazon.com/Brain-Story-You-David-Eagleman/dp/0525433449,en,David Eagleman,psychology,"Locked in the silence and darkness of your skull, your brain fashions the rich narratives of your reality and your identity. Join renowned neuroscientist David Eagleman for a journey into the questions at the mysterious heart of our existence. What is reality? Who are �you�? How do you make decisions? Why does your brain need other people? How is technology poised to change what it means to be human? In the course of his investigations, Eagleman guides us through the world of extreme sports, criminal justice, facial expressions, genocide, brain surgery, gut feelings, robotics, and the search for immortality. Strap in for a whistle-stop tour into the inner cosmos. In the infinitely dense tangle of billions of brain cells and their trillions of connections, something emerges that you might not have expected to see in there: you. This is the story of how your life shapes your brain, and how your brain shapes your life.",,,
241,1987-04-02,,The Magic of Thinking Big,book,https://www.amazon.com/Magic-Thinking-Big-David-Schwartz/dp/0671646788,en,David Schwartz,psychology,"Millions of people throughout the world have improved their lives using The Magic of Thinking Big. Dr. David J. Schwartz, long regarded as one of the foremost experts on motivation, will help you sell better, manage better, earn more money, and�most important of all�find greater happiness and peace of mind.",,,
242,,,The Price of Tomorrow,book,https://www.amazon.com/Price-Tomorrow-Deflation-Abundant-Future/dp/1999257405,en,Jeff Booth,"history, technology","We live in an extraordinary time. Technological advances are happening at a rate faster than our ability to understand them, and in a world that moves faster than we can imagine, we cannot afford to stand still. These advances bring efficiency and abundance--and they are profoundly deflationary. Our economic systems were built for a pre-technology era when labour and capital were inextricably linked, an era that counted on growth and inflation, an era where we made money from inefficiency. That era is over, but we keep on pretending that those economic systems still work. The only thing driving growth in the world today is easy credit, which is being created at a pace that is hard to comprehend--and with it, debt that we will never be able to pay back. As we try to artificially drive an economic system built for the past, we are creating more than just economic trouble.",,,
243,,,The Book of Satoshi,book,https://www.amazon.com/Book-Satoshi-Collected-Writings-Nakamoto/dp/0996061312,en,Phil Champagne,"history, technology, money, investing","Like the currency he created, the identity of Bitcoin�s creator Satoshi Nakamoto is virtual, existing only online. The Nakamoto persona, which may represent an individual or a group, exists only in the online publications that introduced and explained Bitcoin during its earliest days. Here, collected and professionally published for the first time are the essential writings that detail Bitcoin�s creation.",,,
244,2004-08-17,,Cloud Atlas,book,https://www.amazon.com/Cloud-Atlas-Novel-David-Mitchell/dp/0375507256,en,David Mitchell,fiction,"A reluctant voyager crossing the Pacific in 1850; a disinherited composer blagging a precarious livelihood in between-the-wars Belgium; a high-minded journalist in Governor Reagan�s California; a vanity publisher fleeing his gangland creditors; a genetically modified �dinery server� on death-row; and Zachry, a young Pacific Islander witnessing the nightfall of science and civilisation � the narrators of Cloud Atlas hear each other�s echoes down the corridor of history, and their destinies are changed in ways great and small. In his captivating third novel, David Mitchell erases the boundaries of language, genre and time to offer a meditation on humanity�s dangerous will to power, and where it may lead us.",,,
245,,,Billion Dollar Whale,book,https://www.amazon.com/Billion-Dollar-Whale-Bradley-Wright/dp/0316453471,en,Tom Wright,"money, investing","n 2009, a chubby, mild-mannered graduate of the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School of Business named Jho Low set in motion a fraud of unprecedented gall and magnitude--one that would come to symbolize the next great threat to the global financial system. Over a decade, Low, with the aid of Goldman Sachs and others, siphoned billions of dollars from an investment fund--right under the nose of global financial industry watchdogs. Low used the money to finance elections, purchase luxury real estate, throw champagne-drenched parties, and even to finance Hollywood films like The Wolf of Wall Street. By early 2019, with his yacht and private jet reportedly seized by authorities and facing criminal charges in Malaysia and in the United States, Low had become an international fugitive, even as the U.S. Department of Justice continued its investigation.",,,
246,2000-07-01,,Neuromancer,book,https://www.amazon.com/Neuromancer-William-Gibson/dp/0441007465,en,William Gibson,fiction,"The Matrix is a world within the world, a global consensus- hallucination, the representation of every byte of data in cyberspace... Case had been the sharpest data-thief in the business, until vengeful former employees crippled his nervous system. But now a new and very mysterious employer recruits him for a last-chance run. The target: an unthinkably powerful artificial intelligence orbiting Earth in service of the sinister Tessier-Ashpool business clan. With a dead man riding shotgun and Molly, mirror-eyed street-samurai, to watch his back, Case embarks on an adventure that ups the ante on an entire genre of fiction.",,,
247,2003-07-09,,The Mystery of Capital,book,https://www.amazon.com/Mystery-Capital-Capitalism-Triumphs-Everywhere/dp/0465016154,en,Hernando De Soto,"economics, politics, history","A renowned economist's classic book on capitalism in the developing world, showing how property rights are the key to overcoming poverty",,,
248,,,The Beginning of Infinity,book,https://www.amazon.com/Beginning-Infinity-Explanations-Transform-World/dp/0143121359,en,David Deutsch,history,"Throughout history, mankind has struggled to understand life's mysteries, from the mundane to the seemingly miraculous. In this important new book, David Deutsch, an award-winning pioneer in the field of quantum computation, argues that explanations have a fundamental place in the universe. They have unlimited scope and power to cause change, and the quest to improve them is the basic regulating principle not only of science but of all successful human endeavor. This stream of ever improving explanations has infinite reach, according to Deutsch: we are subject only to the laws of physics, and they impose no upper boundary to what we can eventually understand, control, and achieve.",,,
249,,,The Ethics of Money Production,book,https://www.amazon.com/Ethics-Money-Production-Guido-Hulsmann/dp/1610166817,en,Joerg Guido Huelsmann,"economics, politics, history","This pioneering work, in hardback, by Joerg Guido Huelsmann, professor of economics at the University of Angers in France and the author of Mises: The Last Knight of Liberalism, is the first full study of a critically important issue today: the ethics of money production. He is speaking not in the colloquial sense of the phrase ""making money,"" but rather the actual production of money as a commodity in the whole economic life. The choice of the money we use in exchange is not something that needs to be established and fixed by government.",,Money-plant.jpg,1
250,2014-03-04,,Who Owns the Future?,book,https://www.amazon.com/Who-Owns-Future-Jaron-Lanier/dp/1451654979,en,Jaron Lanier,"money, investing, technology","The �brilliant� and �daringly original� (The New York Times) critique of digital networks from the �David Foster Wallace of tech� (London Evening Standard)�asserting that to fix our economy, we must fix our information economy. Jaron Lanier is the father of virtual reality and one of the world�s most brilliant thinkers. Who Owns the Future? is his visionary reckoning with the most urgent economic and social trend of our age: the poisonous concentration of money and power in our digital networks. Lanier has predicted how technology will transform our humanity for decades, and his insight has never been more urgently needed. He shows how Siren Servers, which exploit big data and the free sharing of information, led our economy into recession, imperiled personal privacy, and hollowed out the middle class. The networks that define our world�including social media, financial institutions, and intelligence agencies�now threaten to destroy it. But there is an alternative. In this provocative, poetic, and deeply humane book, Lanier charts a path toward a brighter future: an information economy that rewards ordinary people for what they do and share on the web.",,,
251,2019-12-10,,The Order of Time,book,https://www.amazon.com/Order-Time-Carlo-Rovelli/dp/0735216118,en,Carlo Rovelli,philosophy,"Why do we remember the past and not the future? What does it mean for time to ""flow""? Do we exist in time or does time exist in us? In lyric, accessible prose, Carlo Rovelli invites us to consider questions about the nature of time that continue to puzzle physicists and philosophers alike.",,,
252,2014-10-14,,Exponential Organizations,book,https://www.amazon.com/Exponential-Organizations-organizations-better-cheaper/dp/1626814236,en,Salim Ismail,technology,"In the past five years, the business world has seen the birth of a new breed of company-the Exponential Organization-that has revolutionized how a company can accelerate its growth by using technology. An ExO can eliminate the incremental, linear way traditional companies get bigger, leveraging assets like community, big data, algorithms, and new technology into achieving performance benchmarks ten times better than its peers.",,,
253,2008-11-04,,A Guide to the Good Life,book,https://www.amazon.com/Guide-Good-Life-Ancient-Stoic/dp/0195374614,en,William B. Irvine,"spirituality, religion","One of the great fears many of us face is that despite all our effort and striving, we will discover at the end that we have wasted our life. In A Guide to the Good Life, William B. Irvine plumbs the wisdom of Stoic philosophy, one of the most popular and successful schools of thought in ancient Rome, and shows how its insight and advice are still remarkably applicable to modern lives.",,,
254,2008-05-27,,The Art of Learning,book,https://www.amazon.com/Art-Learning-Journey-Optimal-Performance/dp/0743277465,en,Josh Waitzkin,"spirituality, religion","An eight-time national chess champion and world champion martial artist shares the lessons he has learned from two very different competitive arenas, identifying key principles about learning and performance that readers can apply to their life goals. 50,000 first printing.",,,
255,2017-02-14,,Why Information Grows,book,https://www.amazon.com/Why-Information-Grows-Evolution-Economies/dp/0465096840,en,Cesar Hidalgo,"economics, politics","What is economic growth? And why, historically, has it occurred in only a few places? Previous efforts to answer these questions have focused on institutions, geography, finances, and psychology. But according to MIT's antidisciplinarian C�sar Hidalgo, understanding the nature of economic growth demands transcending the social sciences and including the natural sciences of information, networks, and complexity. To understand the growth of economies, Hidalgo argues, we first need to understand the growth of order.",,,
256,,,The Master Algorithm,book,https://www.amazon.com/Master-Algorithm-Ultimate-Learning-Machine/dp/0465094279,en,Pedro Domingos,technology,"A thought-provoking and wide-ranging exploration of machine learning and the race to build computer intelligences as flexible as our own In the world's top research labs and universities, the race is on to invent the ultimate learning algorithm: one capable of discovering any knowledge from data, and doing anything we want, before we even ask. In The Master Algorithm, Pedro Domingos lifts the veil to give us a peek inside the learning machines that power Google, Amazon, and your smartphone. He assembles a blueprint for the future universal learner--the Master Algorithm--and discusses what it will mean for business, science, and society. If data-ism is today's philosophy, this book is its bible.",,,
257,,,Actionable Gamification,book,https://www.amazon.com/Actionable-Gamification-Beyond-Points-Leaderboards/dp/1511744049,en,Yu-Kai Chou,technology,"The new era of Gamification and Human-Focused Design optimizes for motivation and engagement over traditional Function-Focused Design. Within the industry, studies on game mechanics and behavioral psychology have become proliferate. However, few people understand how to merge the two fields into experience designs that reliably increases business metrics and generates a return on investment. Gamification Pioneer Yu-kai Chou takes reader on a journey to learn his twelve years of obsessive research in creating the Octalysis Framework, and how to apply the framework to create engaging and successful experiences in their product, workplace, marketing, and personal lives.",,,
258,2013-04-02,,"Thinking, Fast and Slow",book,https://www.amazon.com/Thinking-Fast-Slow-Daniel-Kahneman/dp/0374533555,en,Daniel Kahneman,psychology,"System 1 is fast, intuitive, and emotional; System 2 is slower, more deliberative, and more logical. The impact of overconfidence on corporate strategies, the difficulties of predicting what will make us happy in the future, the profound effect of cognitive biases on everything from playing the stock market to planning our next vacation-each of these can be understood only by knowing how the two systems shape our judgments and decisions. Engaging the reader in a lively conversation about how we think, Kahneman reveals where we can and cannot trust our intuitions and how we can tap into the benefits of slow thinking. He offers practical and enlightening insights into how choices are made in both our business and our personal lives-and how we can use different techniques to guard against the mental glitches that often get us into trouble. Topping bestseller lists for almost ten years, Thinking, Fast and Slow is a contemporary classic, an essential book that has changed the lives of millions of readers.",,,
259,2020-07-28,,Bagehot,book,https://www.amazon.com/Bagehot-Life-Times-Greatest-Victorian/dp/0393358283,en,James Grant,"economics, politics, history","During the upheavals of 2007�09, the chairman of the Federal Reserve had the name of a Victorian icon on the tip of his tongue: Walter Bagehot. Banker, man of letters, inventor of the Treasury bill, and author of Lombard Street, the still-canonical guide to stopping a run on the banks, Bagehot prescribed the doctrines that�decades later�inspired the radical responses to the world�s worst financial crises. Born in the small market town of Langport, just after the Panic of 1825 swept across England, Bagehot followed in his father�s footsteps and took a position at the local family bank�but his influence on financial matters would soon spread far beyond the county of Somerset. Persuasive and precocious, he came to hold sway in political circles, making high-profile friends, including William Gladstone�and enemies, such as Lord Overstone and Benjamin Disraeli. As a prolific essayist on wide-ranging topics, Bagehot won the admiration of Matthew Arnold and Woodrow Wilson, and delighted in paradox. He was also a misogynist, and while he opposed slavery, he misjudged Abraham Lincoln and the Civil War. As editor of the Economist, he offered astute commentary on the financial issues of his day, and his name lives on in an eponymous weekly column. He has been called ""the Greatest Victorian."" In James Grant�s colorful and groundbreaking biography, Bagehot appears as both an ornament to his own age and a muse to our own. Drawing on a wealth of historical documents, correspondence, and publications, Grant paints a vivid portrait of the banker and his world.",,,
260,2015-03-03,,Treasury's War,book,https://www.amazon.com/Treasurys-War-Unleashing-Financial-Warfare/dp/161039464X,en,Juan Zarate,"history, economics, politics","For more than a decade, America has been waging a new kind of war against the financial networks of rogue regimes, proliferators, terrorist groups, and criminal syndicates. Juan Zarate, a chief architect of modern financial warfare and a former senior Treasury and White House official, pulls back the curtain on this shadowy world. In this gripping story, he explains in unprecedented detail how a small, dedicated group of officials redefined the Treasury's role and used its unique powers, relationships, and reputation to apply financial pressure against America's enemies. This group unleashed a new brand of financial power -- one that leveraged the private sector and banks directly to isolate rogues from the international financial system. By harnessing the forces of globalization and the centrality of the American market and dollar, Treasury developed a new way of undermining America's foes. Treasury and its tools soon became, and remain, critical in the most vital geopolitical challenges facing the United States, including terrorism, nuclear proliferation, and the regimes in Iran, North Korea, and Syria. This book is the definitive account, by an unparalleled expert, of how financial warfare has taken pride of place in American foreign policy and how America's competitors and enemies are now learning to use this type of power themselves. This is the unique story of the United States' financial war campaigns and the contours and uses of financial power, and of the warfare to come.",,,
261,2017-04-21,,Money: Free and Unfree,book,https://www.amazon.com/Money-Free-Unfree-George-Selgin/dp/1944424296,en,George Selgin,"economics, politics, history","The United States has endured crippling financial crises, together with many other sorts of monetary disorder, throughout its history. Why? The popular answer has long been that U.S. banks have been under-regulated, that increased regulation and centralization over the years have helped, and that still more regulation and centralization is needed. In Money: Free and Unfree, George Selgin turns this conventional wisdom on its head. Through a series of painstakingly researched essays covering U.S. monetary history since before the Civil War, he traces U.S. financial disorders to their source in misguided government regulations. State governments were early culprits-but in taking advantage of the Civil War to dramatically increase its own involvement in the banking and currency system, the federal government set the stage for even worse problems to come. Instead of addressing the root causes of these crises, the Federal Reserve Act reinforced some of them, while dramatically increasing the potential for politically-motivated abuse of monetary policy. Selgin�s revisionist thesis may shock and anger champions of monetary orthodoxy, but they�ll be hard-pressed to refute the solid scholarship upon which that thesis rests.",,,
262,2014-10-28,,Debt,book,https://www.amazon.com/Debt-Updated-Expanded-First-Years/dp/1612194192,en,David Graeber,"history, economics, politics","Before there was money, there was debt Every economics textbook says the same thing: Money was invented to replace onerous and complicated barter systems�to relieve ancient people from having to haul their goods to market. The problem with this version of history? There�s not a shred of evidence to support it. Here anthropologist David Graeber presents a stunning reversal of conventional wisdom. He shows that for more than 5,000 years, since the beginnings of the first agrarian empires, humans have used elaborate credit systems to buy and sell goods�that is, long before the invention of coins or cash. It is in this era, Graeber argues, that we also first encounter a society divided into debtors and creditors. Graeber shows that arguments about debt and debt forgiveness have been at the center of political debates from Italy to China, as well as sparking innumerable insurrections. He also brilliantly demonstrates that the language of the ancient works of law and religion (words like �guilt,� �sin,� and �redemption�) derive in large part from ancient debates about debt, and shape even our most basic ideas of right and wrong. We are still fighting these battles today without knowing it. Debt: The First 5,000 Years is a fascinating chronicle of this little known history�as well as how it has defined human history, and what it means for the credit crisis of the present day and the future of our economy.",,,
263,,,Cryptoassets,book,https://www.amazon.com/Cryptoassets-Legal-Regulatory-Monetary-Perspectives/dp/0190077328,en,Chris Brummer,"technology, money, investing","Cryptoassets represent one of the most high profile financial products in the world, and fastest growing financial products in history. From Bitcoin, Etherium and Ripple's XRP - so called ""utility tokens"" used to access financial services - to initial coin offerings that in 2017 rivalled venture capital in money raised for startups, with an estimated $5.6 billion (USD) raised worldwide across 435 ICOs. All the while, technologists have hailed the underlying blockchain technology for these assets as potentially game changing applications for financial payments and record-keeping. At the same time, cryptoassets have produced considerable controversy. Many have turned out to be lacklustre investments for investors. Others, especially ICOs, have also attracted noticeable fraud, failing firms, and alarming lapses in information-sharing with investors. Consequently, many commentators around the world have pressed that ICO tokens be considered securities, and that concomitant registration and disclosure requirements attach to their sales to the public. This volume assembles an impressive group of scholars, businesspersons and regulators to collectively write on cryptoassets. This volume represents perspectives from across the regulatory ecosystem, and includes technologists, venture capitalists, scholars, and practitioners in securities law and central banking.",,,
264,,,Ages of Discord,book,https://www.amazon.com/Ages-Discord-Peter-Turchin/dp/0996139540,en,Peter Turchin,"history, economics, politics","The real wage of a US worker today is less than it was 40 years ago�but there are four times as many multimillionaires. As inequality grows, the politics become more poisonous. Every year, more and more Americans go on shooting sprees, killing strangers and passers-by�and now, increasingly, representatives of the state. Troubling trends of this kind are endlessly discussed by public intellectuals and social scientists. But mostly, they talk about only a small slice of the overall problem. After all, how on earth can yet another murderous rampage have anything to do with polarization in Congress? And is there really a connection between too many multimillionaires and government gridlock? Historical analysis shows that long spells of equitable prosperity and internal peace are succeeded by protracted periods of inequity, increasing misery, and political instability. These crisis periods��Ages of Discord��have recurred in societies throughout history. Modern Americans may be disconcerted to learn that the US right now has much in common with the Antebellum 1850s and, more surprisingly, with ancien r�gime France on the eve of the French Revolution. Can it really be true that there is nothing new about our troubled time, and that similar ages arise periodically for similar underlying reasons? Ages of Discord marshals Structural-Demograpic Theory and detailed historical data to show that this is, indeed, the case. The book takes the reader on a roller-coaster ride through American history, from the Era of Good Feelings of the 1820s to our first Age of Discord, which culminated in the American Civil War, to post-WW2 prosperity and, finally, to our present, second Age of Discord.",,,
265,,,The Ascent of Money,book,https://www.amazon.com/Ascent-Money-Financial-History-World/dp/0143116177,en,Niall Ferguson,"history, money, investing","Niall Ferguson follows the money to tell the human story behind the evolution of our financial system, from its genesis in ancient Mesopotamia to the latest upheavals on what he calls Planet Finance. What's more, Ferguson reveals financial history as the essential backstory behind all history, arguing that the evolution of credit and debt was as important as any technological innovation in the rise of civilization. As Ferguson traces the crisis from ancient Egypt's Memphis to today's Chongqing, he offers bold and compelling new insights into the rise and fall of not just money but Western power as well.",,,
266,2002-02-01,,Gold Wars,book,https://www.amazon.com/Gold-Wars-Battle-Against-Perspective/dp/0971038007,en,Ferdinand Lips,"history, economics, politics","Gold Wars deals with gold's history, and especially the abandonment of gold-as-money under the modern welfare/warfare state. It shows how governments, fearing the affinity of free people for gold, fight it, thereby helping to destroy countries and the gold-mining industry.",,,
267,2014-01-30,,Consciousness and the Brain,book,https://www.amazon.com/Consciousness-Brain-Deciphering-Codes-Thoughts/dp/0670025437,en,Stanislas Dehaene,"science, nature, psychology","How does our brain generate a conscious thought? And why does so much of our knowledge remain unconscious? Thanks to clever psychological and brain-imaging experiments, scientists are closer to cracking this mystery than ever before. In this lively book, Stanislas Dehaene describes the pioneering work his lab and the labs of other cognitive neuroscientists worldwide have accomplished in defining, testing, and explaining the brain events behind a conscious state. We can now pin down the neurons that fire when a person reports becoming aware of a piece of information and understand the crucial role unconscious computations play in how we make decisions. The emerging theory enables a test of consciousness in animals, babies, and those with severe brain injuries.",,,
268,2018-01-23,,Reality Is Not What It Seems,book,https://www.amazon.com/Reality-Not-What-Seems-Journey/dp/0735213933,en,Carlo Rovelli,"science, nature, history","What are the elementary ingredients of the world? Do time and space exist? And what exactly is reality? In elegant and accessible prose, theoretical physicist Carlo Rovelli leads us on a wondrous journey from Democritus to Einstein, from Michael Faraday to gravitational waves, and from classical physics to his own work in quantum gravity. As he shows us how the idea of reality has evolved over time, Rovelli offers deeper explanations of the theories he introduced so concisely in Seven Brief Lessons on Physics. Rovelli invites us to imagine a marvelous world where space breaks up into tiny grains, time disappears at the smallest scales, and black holes are waiting to explode�a vast universe still largely undiscovered.",,,
269,,,21 Lessons,book,https://www.amazon.com/21-Lessons-Learned-Falling-Bitcoin/dp/1697526349,en,Der Gigi,"money, investing, technology","Falling down the Bitcoin rabbit hole is a strange experience. Like many others, I feel like I have learned more in the last couple of years studying Bitcoin than I have during two decades of formal education. The following lessons are a distillation of what I�ve learned. First published as an article series titled �What I�ve Learned From Bitcoin,� what follows can be seen as a third edition of the original series. Like Bitcoin, these lessons aren�t a static thing. I plan to work on them periodically, releasing updated versions and additional material in the future.Bitcoin is an inexhaustible teacher, which is why I do not claim that these lessons are all-encompassing or complete. They are a reflection of my personal journey down the rabbit hole. There are many more lessons to be learned, and every person will learn something different from entering the world of Bitcoin. I hope that you will find these lessons useful and that the process of learning them by reading won�t be as arduous and painful as learning them firsthand.",,,
270,,,Grokking Bitcoin,book,https://www.amazon.com/Grokking-Bitcoin-Kalle-Rosenbaum/dp/1617294640,en,Kalle Rosenbaum,"money, investing, technology","If you think Bitcoin is just an alternative currency for geeks, it's time to think again. Grokking Bitcoin opens up this powerful distributed ledger system, exploring the technology that enables applications both for Bitcoin-based financial transactions and using the blockchain for registering physical property ownership. With this fully illustrated, easy-to-read guide, you'll finally understand how Bitcoin works, how you can use it, and why you can trust the blockchain.",,master.jpg,1
271,,,The Little Bitcoin Book,book,https://www.amazon.com/Little-Bitcoin-Book-Matters-Finances/dp/1641990503,en,Jimmy Song,"economics, politics, money, investing, technology","The Little Bitcoin Book tells the story of what�s wrong with money today, and why Bitcoin was invented to provide an alternative to the current system. It describes in simple terms what Bitcoin is, how it works, why it�s valuable, and how it affects individual freedom and opportunities of people everywhere - from Nigeria to the Philippines to Venezuela to the United States. This book also includes a Q & A section with some of the most frequently asked questions about Bitcoin. If you want to learn more about this new form of money which continues to gain interest and adoption around the world, then this book is for you.",,,
272,2008-12-23,,The Prize,book,https://www.amazon.com/Prize-Epic-Quest-Money-Power/dp/1439110123,en,Daniel Yergin,"economics, politics, history","Deemed ""the best history of oil ever written"" by Business Week and with more than 300,000 copies in print, Daniel Yergin�s Pulitzer Prize�winning account of the global pursuit of oil, money, and power has been extensively updated to address the current energy crisis.",,,
273,2015-04-28,,Endurance,book,https://www.amazon.com/Endurance-Shackletons-Incredible-Alfred-Lansing/dp/0465062881,en,Alfred Lansing,"biographies, history","In August 1914, polar explorer Ernest Shackleton boarded the Endurance and set sail for Antarctica, where he planned to cross the last uncharted continent on foot. In January 1915, after battling its way through a thousand miles of pack ice and only a day's sail short of its destination, the Endurance became locked in an island of ice. Thus began the legendary ordeal of Shackleton and his crew of twenty-seven men. When their ship was finally crushed between two ice floes, they attempted a near-impossible journey over 850 miles of the South Atlantic's heaviest seas to the closest outpost of civilization. In Endurance, the definitive account of Ernest Shackleton's fateful trip, Alfred Lansing brilliantly narrates the harrowing and miraculous voyage that has defined heroism for the modern age.",,,
274,2021-01-26,,The Body,book,https://www.amazon.com/Body-Guide-Occupants-Bill-Bryson/dp/0804172722,en,Bill Bryson,"health, fitness","Bill Bryson once again proves himself to be an incomparable companion as he guides us through the human body--how it functions, its remarkable ability to heal itself, and (unfortunately) the ways it can fail. Full of extraordinary facts (your body made a million red blood cells since you started reading this) and irresistible Bryson-esque anecdotes, The Body will lead you to a deeper understanding of the miracle that is life in general and you in particular. As Bill Bryson writes, ""We pass our existence within this wobble of flesh and yet take it almost entirely for granted."" The Body will cure that indifference with generous doses of wondrous, compulsively readable facts and information.",,,
275,1998-01-01,,The Iliad,book,https://www.amazon.com/Iliad-Homer/dp/0140275363,en,Homer,history,"Dating to the ninth century B.C., Homer�s timeless poem still vividly conveys the horror and heroism of men and gods wrestling with towering emotions and battling amidst devastation and destruction, as it moves inexorably to the wrenching, tragic conclusion of the Trojan War. Renowned classicist Bernard Knox observes in his superb introduction that although the violence of the Iliad is grim and relentless, it coexists with both images of civilized life and a poignant yearning for peace.",,,
276,1999-11-29,,The Odyssey,book,https://www.amazon.com/Odyssey-Homer/dp/0140268863,en,Homer,history,"If the Iliad is the world's greatest war epic, the Odyssey is literature's grandest evocation of an everyman's journey through life. Odysseus' reliance on his wit and wiliness for survival in his encounters with divine and natural forces during his ten-year voyage home to Ithaca after the Trojan War is at once a timeless human story and an individual test of moral endurance.",,,
277,,,When Money Dies,book,https://www.amazon.com/When-Money-Dies-Devaluation-Hyperinflation/dp/1586489941,en,Adam Fergusson,"history, economics, politics","In 1923, with its currency effectively worthless (the exchange rate in December of that year was one dollar to 4,200,000,000,000 marks), the German republic was all but reduced to a barter economy. Expensive cigars, artworks, and jewels were routinely exchanged for staples such as bread; a cinema ticket could be bought for a lump of coal; and a bottle of paraffin for a silk shirt. People watched helplessly as their life savings disappeared and their loved ones starved. Germany's finances descended into chaos, with severe social unrest in its wake. Money may no longer be physically printed and distributed in the voluminous quantities of 1923. However, ""quantitative easing,"" that modern euphemism for surreptitious deficit financing in an electronic era, can no less become an assault on monetary discipline. Whatever the reason for a country's deficit -- necessity or profligacy, unwillingness to tax or blindness to expenditure -- it is beguiling to suppose that if the day of reckoning is postponed economic recovery will come in time to prevent higher unemployment or deeper recession. What if it does not? Germany in 1923 provides a vivid, compelling, sobering moral tale.",,,
278,2003-01-01,,The Road to Serfdom,book,https://www.amazon.com/Road-Serfdom-Documents-Definitive-Collected/dp/0226320553,en,Friedrich Hayek,"economics, politics, history","An unimpeachable classic work in political philosophy, intellectual and cultural history, and economics, The Road to Serfdom has inspired and infuriated politicians, scholars, and general readers for half a century. Originally published in 1944�when Eleanor Roosevelt supported the efforts of Stalin, and Albert Einstein subscribed lock, stock, and barrel to the socialist program�The Road to Serfdom was seen as heretical for its passionate warning against the dangers of state control over the means of production. For F. A. Hayek, the collectivist idea of empowering government with increasing economic control would lead not to a utopia but to the horrors of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.",,,
279,2012-05-08,,Socialism,book,https://www.amazon.com/Socialism-Economic-Sociological-Analysis-Enlarged/dp/1614272999,en,Ludwig von Mises,"economics, politics","This masterwork is much more than a refutation of the economics of socialism (although on that front, nothing else compares). It is also a critique of the entire intellectual apparatus that accompanies the socialist idea, including the implicit religious doctrines behind Western socialist thinking, a cultural critique of socialist teaching on sex and marriage, a refutation of syndicalism and corporatism, an examination of the implications of radical human inequality, an attack on war socialism, and refutation of collectivist methodology. In short, Mises set out to refute socialism, and instead pulled up the socialist mentality from its very roots. For that reason, Socialism led dozens of famous intellectuals, including a young F.A. Hayek, into a crisis of faith and a realist/libertarian political orientation. All the collectivist literature combined cannot equal the intellectual achievement of this one volume.",,,
280,,,Bitcoin Money,book,https://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Money-Tale-Bitville-Discovering/dp/0578490676,en,Michael Caras (The Bitcoin Rabbi),"fiction, money, investing","The kids in Bitville realize they need a tool to help them trade with each other. As they explore using different types of money, a strange boy moves to town and suggests a new idea... Bitcoin Money is a story for all ages which helps answer the question �Why Bitcoin?�",,,
281,2021-01-18,,Layered Money,book,https://www.amazon.com/Layered-Money-Dollars-Bitcoin-Currencies/dp/1736110527,en,Nik Bhatia,"money, investing, technology","In this fascinating deep dive into the evolution of monetary systems around the globe, Nik Bhatia takes us into the origins of how money has evolved to function in a �layered� manner. Using gold as an example of this term, he traces the layers of this ancient currency from raw mined material, to gold coins, and finally to bank-issued gold certificates. In a groundbreaking manner, Bhatia offers a similar paradigm for the evolution of digital currencies. Bhatia�s analysis begins in Renaissance Florence with the gold Florin coin and a burgeoning banking culture, continues with the evolution of central banking, and concludes with a vision for the future of our international monetary system. As central banks around the world prepare to launch their own crypto-competitors, Bhatia illustrates how the invention of Bitcoin created a seismic shift in money and merged the monetary and cryptography sciences. His unique analysis of �layered money� illuminates money markets for the general reader and shows how Bitcoin is becoming a trusted global currency. Listeners will come away with an understanding of the mechanics of our financial system, why the dollar is deeply entrenched despite its state of disrepair, and how Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) and cryptocurrencies will interact in our new monetary future.",,,
282,,,Programming Bitcoin,book,https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Bitcoin-Learn-Program-Scratch/dp/1492031496,en,Jimmy Song,"technology, money, investing","Dive into Bitcoin technology with this hands-on guide from one of the leading teachers on Bitcoin and Bitcoin programming. Author Jimmy Song shows Python programmers and developers how to program a Bitcoin library from scratch. You�ll learn how to work with the basics, including the math, blocks, network, and transactions behind this popular cryptocurrency and its blockchain payment system. By the end of the book, you'll understand how this cryptocurrency works under the hood by coding all the components necessary for a Bitcoin library. Learn how to create transactions, get the data you need from peers, and send transactions over the network. Whether you�re exploring Bitcoin applications for your company or considering a new career path, this practical book will get you started.",,,
283,,,Inventing Bitcoin,book,https://www.amazon.com/Inventing-Bitcoin-Technology-Decentralized-Explained/dp/1794326316,en,Yan Pritzker,"money, investing, technology","Bitcoin may well be the greatest invention of our time, and most people have no idea what it is, or how it works. Walking through its invention step by step, this short two hour read is critical before you invest. No technical expertise required! Read it, then share it with your loved ones.",,,
284,2018-04-24,,The Bitcoin Standard,book,https://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Standard-Decentralized-Alternative-Central/dp/1119473861,en,Saifedean Ammous,"economics, politics, history","When a pseudonymous programmer introduced ‘a new electronic cash system that’s fully peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party’ to a small online mailing list in 2008, very few paid attention. Ten years later, and against all odds, this upstart autonomous decentralized software offers an unstoppable and globally-accessible hard money alternative to modern central banks. The Bitcoin Standard analyzes the historical context to the rise of Bitcoin, the economic properties that have allowed it to grow quickly, and its likely economic, political, and social implications.",,bitcoin-dollar.jpg,1
285,,,Thank God for Bitcoin,book,https://www.amazon.com/Thank-God-Bitcoin-Corruption-Redemption/dp/1641991216,en,Jimmy Song,"spirituality, religion, money, investing","Money is a fact of everyday life. We earn it, spend it and save it. We�re tempted to worship it and to trust it to provide for our needs. While much has been written about the power, danger, and stewardship of money, little has been written about what money actually is and whether or not money itself is moral. That information gap has been exploited to enrich a privileged few, enslave millions, and reap confusion and division throughout the world. How did this happen and what can we do about it? Thank God for Bitcoin explores the ways in which the current monetary system is broken and what can be done to fix it. It explores the creation of money, its corruption and its potential redemption. It looks at how Bitcoin is redeeming the ills of our corrupt monetary system and how the ongoing transition to sound money is a source of hope for a broken world.",,,
286,,,Reminiscences of a Stock Operator,book,https://www.amazon.com/Reminiscences-Stock-Operator-Edwin-Lef%C3%A8vre/dp/B09243C5KC,en,Edwin Lefevre,"money, investing","First published in 1923, Reminiscences of a Stock Operator is the most widely read, highly recommended investment book ever. Generations of readers have found that it has more to teach them about markets and people than years of experience. This is a timeless tale that will enrich your life-and your portfolio.",,,
287,2012-03-06,,"The Information: A History, A Theory, A Flood",book,https://www.amazon.com/Information-History-Theory-Flood/dp/1400096235,en,James Gleick,"science, nature","Acclaimed science writer James Gleick presents an eye-opening vision of how our relationship to information has transformed the very nature of human consciousness. A fascinating intellectual journey through the history of communication and information, from the language of Africa�s talking drums to the invention of written alphabets; from the electronic transmission of code to the origins of information theory, into the new information age and the current deluge of news, tweets, images, and blogs. Along the way, Gleick profiles key innovators, including Charles Babbage, Ada Lovelace, Samuel Morse, and Claude Shannon, and reveals how our understanding of information is transforming not only how we look at the world, but how we live.",,,
288,2019-08-13,,The Case Against Reality,book,https://www.amazon.com/Case-Against-Reality-Evolution-Truth/dp/0393254690,en,Donald David Hoffman,"science, nature","Can we trust our senses to tell us the truth? Challenging leading scientific theories that claim that our senses report back objective reality, cognitive scientist Donald Hoffman argues that while we should take our perceptions seriously, we should not take them literally. How can it be possible that the world we see is not objective reality? And how can our senses be useful if they are not communicating the truth? Hoffman grapples with these questions and more over the course of this eye-opening work. Ever since Homo sapiens has walked the earth, natural selection has favored perception that hides the truth and guides us toward useful action, shaping our senses to keep us alive and reproducing. We observe a speeding car and do not walk in front of it; we see mold growing on bread and do not eat it. These impressions, though, are not objective reality. Just like a file icon on a desktop screen is a useful symbol rather than a genuine representation of what a computer file looks like, the objects we see every day are merely icons, allowing us to navigate the world safely and with ease. The real-world implications for this discovery are huge. From examining why fashion designers create clothes that give the illusion of a more �attractive� body shape to studying how companies use color to elicit specific emotions in consumers, and even dismantling the very notion that spacetime is objective reality, The Case Against Reality dares us to question everything we thought we knew about the world we see.",,,
289,,,Honest Money,book,https://www.amazon.com/Honest-Money-Large-Print-Blueprint/dp/1479326984,en,Gary North,"money, investing, history","Lots of people are harassed routinely by ministers and other believers who imagine that the Bible favors inflationary schemes, bans the paying and receiving of interest, and requires a government monopoly on money to fund glorious government projects to help people. This book by Gary North answers those views with chapter, verse, and an impressive account of the historical context for the Bible�s teachings on money, banking, commerce, and trade.Who knew that the Bible had so much to say about the issues of money and banking? The issue is a serious one because of the important history here and also because the Bible is such a foundational part of public understanding of every issue of public life and morality.You can search the libraries for weeks and not find a guide as good as Gary North's detailed account of every mention of money and banking in both the Hebrew and Christian Scriptures.What he finds underscores what the hard-money tradition has long said. Governments engage in evil when they change the definition of money. Inflation is a danger to the individual and society. Governments that monopolize the monetary system are abusing their power. Governments cannot be trusted with money. That's the lesson.",,,
290,2017-06-20,,"The Mandibles: A Family, 2029-2047",book,https://www.amazon.com/Mandibles-Family-2029-2047-Lionel-Shriver/dp/006232828X,en,Lionel Shriver,"fiction, economics, politics","The year is 2029, and nothing is as it should be. The very essence of American life, the dollar, is under attack. In a coordinated move by the rest of the world�s governments, the dollar loses all its value. The American President declares that the States will default on all its loans--prices skyrocket, currency becomes essentially worthless, and we watch one family struggle to survive through it all. The Mandibles can count on their inheritance no longer, and each member must come to terms with this in their own way-from the elegant ex-pat author Nollie, in her middle age, returning to the U.S. from Paris after many years abroad, to her precocious teenage nephew Willing, who is the only one to actually understand the crisis, to the brilliant Georgetown economics professor Lowell, who watches his whole vision of the world disintegrate before his eyes. As ever, in her new novel, Shriver draws larger than life characters who illuminate this complicated, ever-changing world. One of our sharpest observers of human nature, Shriver challenges us to think long and hard about the society we live in and what, ultimately, we hold most dear.",,,
291,,,The Blocksize War,book,https://www.amazon.com/Blocksize-War-controls-Bitcoins-protocol/dp/B08YQMC2WM,en,Jonathan Bier,"technology, money, investing","This book covers Bitcoin�s blocksize war, which was waged from August 2015 to November 2017. On the surface the battle was about the amount of data allowed in each Bitcoin block, however it exposed much deeper issues, such as who controls Bitcoin�s protocol rules. It is not possible to cover every twist and turn in the labyrinthine conflict or all the arguments, but I have provided a chronology of the most significant events. This book explores some of the major characters in the conflict and includes coverage, from both the front lines and behind the scenes, during some of the most acute phases of the struggle. The account in this book includes discussions with the key players from both sides during the war, exploring their motivations, strategy and thought processes as the exhausting campaign progressed and developed.",,,
292,,,Bitcoin Clarity,book,https://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Clarity-Complete-Beginners-Understanding/dp/1733871209,en,Kiara Bickers,"money, investing","The path to understanding Bitcoin isn't always straightforward. News reports, soundbites, and market tickers could never tell the whole story. People don't accept or see Bitcoin as ""digital gold"" just because the phrase is used to explain it. People only understand Bitcoin once they've found a new perspective, that allows them to see the value in it for themselves. Kiara Bickers� provides a fresh way of approaching Bitcoin, without price hype or industry jargon. Using mental models and visuals, Bitcoin Clarity unfolds the hidden knowledge of how the blockchain works and why it's valued. Whether you're all in or a skeptical investor, the book will transform the way you look at money and cryptocurrency forever.",,,
293,,,Shorting the Grid,book,https://www.amazon.com/Shorting-Grid-Hidden-Fragility-Electric/dp/1735358002,en,Meredith Angwin,"science, nature","When rolling blackouts come to the electric grid, they will be old news to the grid insiders. Only the electricity customers will be surprised. Grid insiders know how fragile the grid is becoming. Unfortunately, they have no incentive to solve the problems because near-misses increase their profits. Meredith Angwin describes how closed meetings, arcane auction rules, and five-minute planning horizons will topple the reliability of our electric grid. Shorting the Grid shines light on our vulnerable grid. It also suggests actions that can support the grid that supports all of us.",,,
294,1984-11-05,,Learning from Our Mistakes,book,https://www.amazon.de/dp/0313242399,en,Henry Perkinson,psychology,"This book focuses on the issue of mistakes in psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapy--the inevitability of making them, as far as possible how to avoid them, and what therapists can do to transform potential disasters into a means for growth in themselves as well as the patient. Further developing the creative therapeutic approach first elaborated in his classic Learning from the Patient, distinguished clinician and author Patrick Casement makes a compelling case for being open-minded rather than dogmatic in clinical practice. He shows how analysts can become blind to their own mistakes, and even more significantly, can fail to recognize when their efforts to guide or control the therapeutic process have become a problem for the patient. A wealth of evocative case material is used to illustrate how the process of internal supervision can facilitate heightened awareness of the patient's experience within the clinical encounter. Written with rare candor, this book challenges many traditional assumptions even as it affirms the healing power of psychodynamic work. It will be read with pleasure by practicing therapists as well as students and trainees.",,,
295,,,The First Philosophers,book,https://www.amazon.com/First-Philosophers-Presocratics-Sophists-Classics/dp/019953909X,en,Robin Waterfield,philosophy,"The first philosophers paved the way for the work of Plato and Aristotle - and hence for the whole of Western thought. Aristotle said that philosophy begins with wonder, and the first Western philosophers developed theories of the world which express simultaneously their sense of wonder and their intuition that the world should be comprehensible. But their enterprise was by no means limited to this proto-scientific task. Through, for instance, Heraclitus' enigmatic sayings, the poetry of Parmenides and Empedocles, and Zeno's paradoxes, the Western world was introduced to metaphysics, rationalist theology, ethics, and logic, by thinkers who often seem to be mystics or shamans as much as philosophers or scientists in the modern mould. And out of the Sophists' reflections on human beings and their place in the world arose and interest in language, and in political, moral, and social philosophy. This volume contains a translation of all the most important fragments of the Presocratics and Sophists, and of the most informative testimonia from ancient sources, supplemented by lucid commentary.",,,
296,,,Surfing Uncertainty,book,https://www.amazon.com/Surfing-Uncertainty-Prediction-Action-Embodied/dp/0190933216,en,Andy Clark,"philosophy, technology, science, nature","How is it that thoroughly physical material beings such as ourselves can think, dream, feel, create and understand ideas, theories and concepts? How does mere matter give rise to all these non-material mental states, including consciousness itself? An answer to this central question of our existence is emerging at the busy intersection of neuroscience, psychology, artificial intelligence, and robotics. In this groundbreaking work, philosopher and cognitive scientist Andy Clark explores exciting new theories from these fields that reveal minds like ours to be prediction machines - devices that have evolved to anticipate the incoming streams of sensory stimulation before they arrive. These predictions then initiate actions that structure our worlds and alter the very things we need to engage and predict. Clark takes us on a journey in discovering the circular causal flows and the self-structuring of the environment that define ""the predictive brain."" What emerges is a bold, new, cutting-edge vision that reveals the brain as our driving force in the daily surf through the waves of sensory stimulation.",,,
297,2010-09-15,,The Tao of Physics,book,https://www.amazon.com/Tao-Physics-Exploration-Parallels-Mysticism/dp/1590308352,en,Fritjof Capra,"science, nature","Here is the book that brought the mystical implications of subatomic physics to popular consciousness for the very first time�way back in 1975. This special edition celebrates the thirty-fifth anniversary of this early Shambhala best seller that has gone on to become a classic. It includes a new preface by the author, in which he reflects on the further discoveries and developments that have occurred in the years since the book�s original publication. �Physicists do not need mysticism,� Dr. Capra says, �and mystics do not need physics, but humanity needs both.� It�s a message of timeless importance.",,,
298,2020-10-06,,The Parasitic Mind,book,https://www.amazon.com/Parasitic-Mind-Infectious-Killing-Common/dp/162157959X,en,Gad Saad,"economics, politics","There's a war against truth... and if we don't win it, intellectual freedom will be a casualty. The West�s commitment to freedom, reason, and true liberalism has never been more seriously threatened than it is today by the stifling forces of political correctness. Dr. Gad Saad, the host of the enormously popular YouTube show THE SAAD TRUTH, exposes the bad ideas�what he calls �idea pathogens��that are killing common sense and rational debate. Incubated in our universities and spread through the tyranny of political correctness, these ideas are endangering our most basic freedoms�including freedom of thought and speech. The danger is grave, but as Dr. Saad shows, politically correct dogma is riddled with logical fallacies. We have powerful weapons to fight back with�if we have the courage to use them. A provocative guide to defending reason and intellectual freedom and a battle cry for the preservation of our fundamental rights, The Parasitic Mind will be the most controversial and talked-about book of the year.",,,
299,1983-01-01,,1984,book,https://www.amazon.com/1984-George-Orwell/dp/0452262933,en,George Orwell,fiction,"�The Party told you to reject the evidence of your eyes and ears. It was their final, most essential command.� Winston Smith toes the Party line, rewriting history to satisfy the demands of the Ministry of Truth. With each lie he writes, Winston grows to hate the Party that seeks power for its own sake and persecutes those who dare to commit thoughtcrimes. But as he starts to think for himself, Winston can�t escape the fact that Big Brother is always watching... A startling and haunting novel, 1984 creates an imaginary world that is completely convincing from start to finish. No one can deny the novel�s hold on the imaginations of whole generations, or the power of its admonitions�a power that seems to grow, not lessen, with the passage of time.",,,
300,2003-06-01,,Animal Farm,book,https://www.amazon.com/Animal-Farm-1984-George-Orwell/dp/0151010269,en,George Orwell,fiction,"Mr. Jones, of the Manor Farm is an irresponsible, careless farmer who enjoys the alcohol a little too much and whose animals suffer from his neglect. One day they are fed up and, following the ideals of animalism, they drive the humans, who live at the expense of the hard working animals, off the farm. At last, animals can build a free and just society in which the fruits of their labor belong entirely to them and in which everyone is equal. Since the new order is threatened by enemies and traitors, a rigorous crackdown is being taken against them, and in order to preserve the young paradise, an appropriate administrative apparatus is needed, and of course not all animals are capable of this kind of work. George Orwell's Animal Farm is a dystopian fable from 1945 in which the convinced socialist strongly criticizes Stalinism and the real implementation of communism.",,,
301,2010-11-29,,Human Action,book,https://www.amazon.com/Human-Action-Ludwig-von-Mises/dp/1610161459,en,Ludwig von Mises,"economics, politics","In Human Action, Mises starts from the ideas set forth in his Theory and History that all actions and decisions are based on human needs, wants, and desires and continues deeper and further to explain how studying this human action is not only a legitimate science (praxeology) but how that science is based on the foundation of free-market economics. Mises presents and discusses all existing economic theories and then proceeds to explain how the only sensible, realistic, and feasible theory of economics is one based on how the needs and desires of human beings dictate trends, affect profits and losses, adjust supply and demand, set prices, and otherwise maintain, regulate, and control economic forces.",,,
302,,,Antifragile,book,https://www.amazon.com/Antifragile-Things-That-Disorder-Incerto/dp/0812979680,en,Nassim Nicholas Taleb,"money, investing","Antifragile is a standalone book in Nassim Nicholas Taleb�s landmark Incerto series, an investigation of opacity, luck, uncertainty, probability, human error, risk, and decision-making in a world we don�t understand. The other books in the series are Fooled by Randomness, The Black Swan, Skin in the Game, and The Bed of Procrustes. Just as human bones get stronger when subjected to stress and tension, and rumors or riots intensify when someone tries to repress them, many things in life benefit from stress, disorder, volatility, and turmoil. What Taleb has identified and calls �antifragile� is that category of things that not only gain from chaos but need it in order to survive and flourish. Antifragile is a blueprint for living in a Black Swan world.",,,
303,,,Maps of Meaning,book,https://www.amazon.com/Maps-Meaning-Architecture-Jordan-Peterson/dp/0415922224,en,Jordan B. Peterson,"science, nature, psychology","Why have people from different cultures and eras formulated myths and stories with similar structures? What does this similarity tell us about the mind, morality, and structure of the world itself? Jordan Peterson offers a provocative new hypothesis that explores the connection between what modern neuropsychology tells us about the brain and what rituals, myths, and religious stories have long narrated. A cutting-edge work that brings together neuropsychology, cognitive science, and Freudian and Jungian approaches to mythology and narrative, Maps of Meaning presents a rich theory that makes the wisdom and meaning of myth accessible to the critical modern mind.",,,
304,1999-08-26,,The Sovereign Individual,book,https://www.amazon.com/Sovereign-Individual-Mastering-Transition-Information/dp/0684832720,en,"James Dale Davidson, William Rees-Mogg","history, economics, politics, technology","The Sovereign Individual details strategies necessary for adapting financially to the next phase of Western civilization. Few observers of the late twentieth century have their fingers so presciently on the pulse of the global political and economic realignment ushering in the new millennium as do James Dale Davidson and Lord William Rees-Mogg. Their bold prediction of disaster on Wall Street in Blood in the Streets was borne out by Black Tuesday. In their ensuing bestseller, The Great Reckoning, published just weeks before the coup attempt against Gorbachev, they analyzed the pending collapse of the Soviet Union and foretold the civil war in Yugoslavia and other events that have proved to be among the most searing developments of the past few years. In The Sovereign Individual, Davidson and Rees-Mogg explore the greatest economic and political transition in centuries�the shift from an industrial to an information-based society. This transition, which they have termed ""the fourth stage of human society,"" will liberate individuals as never before, irrevocably altering the power of government. This outstanding book will replace false hopes and fictions with new understanding and clarified values.",,,
305,2000-01-01,,Snow Crash,book,https://www.amazon.com/Snow-Crash-Neal-Stephenson/dp/0553380958,en,Neal Stephenson,"fiction, technology","Only once in a great while does a writer come along who defies comparison�a writer so original he redefines the way we look at the world. Neal Stephenson is such a writer and Snow Crash is such a novel, weaving virtual reality, Sumerian myth, and just about everything in between with a cool, hip cybersensibility to bring us the gigathriller of the information age. In reality, Hiro Protagonist delivers pizza for Uncle Enzo�s CosoNostra Pizza Inc., but in the Metaverse he�s a warrior prince. Plunging headlong into the enigma of a new computer virus that�s striking down hackers everywhere, he races along the neon-lit streets on a search-and-destroy mission for the shadowy virtual villain threatening to bring about infocalypse.",,,
306,,,Shamory,other,https://shamory.com,en,Scott Sibley,"game, cards",The first and only STEM certified Bitcoin card game!,,,
307,,,Sats Ledger,other,https://www.satsledger.com/,en,mtcbtc ,"game, learning","A simple, analogue version of Bitcoin’s digital ledger system which kids can use and interact with to literally get to grips with bitcoining — risk-free",,,
308,2021-06-24,,Freedom from Bitcoin Maximalism,article,https://breedlove22.substack.com/p/freedom-from-bitcoin-maximalism,en,Robert Breedlove,"shitcoins, maximalism","Like human autoimmunity, Bitcoin maximalism is a critical function for protecting the communal body, but it can also become a self-aggravating disease. My mention of the trigger word “bitclout” recently sent Bitcoin twitter into an outrage. By refusing to bend the knee to the demands of the mob, I am standing my ground and consciously separating myself from toxic maximalism. After my inquiry into bitclout, I expressed my negative investment thesis on its aim of decentralizing social media the only way a free market actor can: by selling bitclout. No matter what counter-arguments may be brought against me here, my chosen course of action is irrefutably depletive to bitclout and accretive to Bitcoin.",,,
309,2020-07-05,,Masters and Slaves of Money,article,https://breedlove22.substack.com/p/masters-and-slaves-of-money,en,Robert Breedlove,"history, money","Money is a tool for trading human time. Central banks, the modern-era masters of money, wield this tool as a weapon to steal time and inflict wealth inequality. History shows us that the corruption of monetary systems leads to moral decay, social collapse, and slavery. As the temptation to manipulate money has always proven to be too strong for mankind to resist, the only antidote for this poison is an incorruptible money — Bitcoin.",,sky-clouds.jpg,1
310,2019-01-31,,"Money, Bitcoin and Time: Part 1 of 3",article,https://breedlove22.medium.com/money-bitcoin-and-time-part-1-of-3-b4f6bb036c04,en,Robert Breedlove,"money, history, time","A synthesis of perspectives from many prolific thinkers, this 3-part essay will cover the following topics in sequence: Money — its properties, story and evolutionary history; Bitcoin — its nature and significance in the story of money (see PART 2); Time — perspectives on its value and how the story of money might play out (see PART 3).",,,
311,2019-01-27,,"Money, Bitcoin and Time: Part 2 of 3",article,https://breedlove22.medium.com/money-bitcoin-and-time-part-2-of-3-eecdc668951d,en,Robert Breedlove,"money, history, time","A synthesis of perspectives from many prolific thinkers, this 3-part essay will cover the following topics in sequence: Money — its properties, story and evolutionary history; Bitcoin — its nature and significance in the story of money (see PART 2); Time — perspectives on its value and how the story of money might play out (see PART 3).",,,
312,2019-01-27,,"Money, Bitcoin and Time: Part 3 of 3",article,https://breedlove22.medium.com/money-bitcoin-and-time-part-3-of-3-e5d0a1ce0c07,en,Robert Breedlove,"money, history, time","A synthesis of perspectives from many prolific thinkers, this 3-part essay will cover the following topics in sequence: Money — its properties, story and evolutionary history; Bitcoin — its nature and significance in the story of money (see PART 2); Time — perspectives on its value and how the story of money might play out (see PART 3).",,,
313,2019-11-09,,An Open Letter to Ray Dalio re: Bitcoin,article,https://breedlove22.medium.com/an-open-letter-to-ray-dalio-re-bitcoin-4b07c52a1a98,en,Robert Breedlove,"money, letter","Ray, your ability to penetrate the opaque realm of economics and share its secrets in an easy to understand language is one of your greatest gifts to humanity. With your videos, openly published research, and authorship, you have opened the eyes of many to a topic most consider too difficult to comprehend. ",,,
314,2019-12-20,,Bitcoin and the Tyranny of Time Scarcity,article,https://medium.com/the-bitcoin-times/bitcoin-and-the-tyranny-of-time-scarcity-1d1550dfd8b0,en,Robert Breedlove,"time, scarcity","Economics is the social science of cooperating and competing to overcome the immortal tyrant of time scarcity. In this never-ending struggle, one of our most important tools is money—a socioeconomic emblem of human time. For centuries, time was the only absolutely scarce substance in the universe, but now a novel money has arisen which exhibits perfect fidelity to time—Bitcoin.",,,
315,2020-03-29,,The Number Zero and Bitcoin,article,https://breedlove22.medium.com/the-number-zero-and-bitcoin-4c193336db5b,en,Robert Breedlove,"history,money","Satoshi gave the world Bitcoin, a true “something for nothing.” His discovery of absolute scarcity for money is an unstoppable idea that is changing the world tremendously, just like its digital ancestor: the number zero.",,,
316,2020-11-02,,Our Most Brilliant Idea,article,https://breedlove22.medium.com/our-most-brilliant-idea-aced329f8941,en,Robert Breedlove,"history, money","Ideas ambulate humanity across history. A new and useful idea is an innovation, which can benefit everyone for the rest of time. Therefore, it is critical we construct socioeconomic structures conducive to the creation of new ideas: civilization can only advance amid an everlasting flow of fresh knowledge. Free trade is the means by which we maximize ideation and its physical manifestation: wealth creation. Anything that impedes trade—like central banking—is (by definition) a terrible idea. Contrarily, all accelerants to free trade—like money—are among the most brilliant ideas we’ve ever had.",,,
317,2020-11-28,,Bitcoin is Hope,article,https://breedlove22.medium.com/bitcoin-is-hope-bedce21b3648,en,Robert Breedlove,money,"Hope moves us forward, and our values chart the way. Money is intended to be a safe harbor for economic value—not a constant cause of stress, worry, and entrapment, as it is in the world today. A fundamentally dishonest money, fiat currency ruins our relationships with the intrinsic entropy of nature and our fellow humans. To rejuvenate hope for more harmonious human action in the world, we must set our sights upon the invaluable aims of honest money, entrepreneurship, and civilization.",,,
318,2021-01-25,,Sovereignism Part 1: Digital Creative Destruction,article,https://breedlove22.medium.com/sovereignism-part-i-digital-creative-destruction-ad5e8eeedbbf,en,Robert Breedlove,sovereignism,A 12-part essay series exploring the disruption of the nation-state and the subsequent amplification of individual sovereignty during the Digital Age. This series is based on the 1997 masterwork: The Sovereign Individual.,,,
319,2021-02-10,,"Sovereignism Part 2: Bitcoin, The Ultimate Offshore Bank",article,https://breedlove22.medium.com/sovereignism-part-2-bitcoin-the-ultimate-offshore-bank-9a1650770202,en,Robert Breedlove,sovereignism,A 12-part essay series exploring the disruption of the nation-state and the subsequent amplification of individual sovereignty during the Digital Age. This series is based on the 1997 masterwork: The Sovereign Individual.,,,
320,2021-05-06,,"Sovereignism Part 3: Mega-Politics, The History and Logic of Violence",article,https://breedlove22.medium.com/sovereignism-part-3-mega-politics-the-history-and-logic-of-violence-6a96b4282b91,en,Robert Breedlove,sovereignism,A 12-part essay series exploring the disruption of the nation-state and the subsequent amplification of individual sovereignty during the Digital Age. This series is based on the 1997 masterwork: The Sovereign Individual.,,,
321,2021-06-25,,Sovereignism Part 4: The Rise of Property and Organized Crime,article,https://breedlove22.medium.com/sovereignism-part-4-the-rise-of-property-and-organized-crime-a825c31f931a,en,Robert Breedlove,sovereignism,A 12-part essay series exploring the disruption of the nation-state and the subsequent amplification of individual sovereignty during the Digital Age. This series is based on the 1997 masterwork: The Sovereign Individual.,,,
322,2018-02-04,,Complexity from Simplicity,article,https://dergigi.medium.com/complexity-from-simplicity-ed2e6b594676,en,Der Gigi,complexity,"Conway’s Game of Life has four simple rules: Any live cell with fewer than two live neighbours dies, as if caused by underpopulation.;Any live cell with two or three live neighbours lives on to the next generation.; Any live cell with more than three live neighbours dies, as if by overpopulation.; Any dead cell with exactly three live neighbours becomes a live cell, as if by reproduction. A naïve look at these rules might indicate that there’s not much going on in this two-dimensional universe. Its four little rules, after all, are quite easy to understand.",,,
323,2018-08-17,,The Magic Dust of Cryptography,article,https://dergigi.com/2018/08/17/the-magic-dust-of-cryptography/,en,Der Gigi,cryptography,How digital information is changing our society,,,
324,2018-12-21,,Philosophical Teachings of Bitcoin - What I've Learned From Bitcoin: Part I,article,https://dergigi.com/2018/12/21/philosophical-teachings-of-bitcoin/,en,Der Gigi,philosophy,"Some questions have easy answers. “What have you learned from Bitcoin?” isn’t one of them. After trying to answer this question in a short tweet, and failing miserably, I realized that the amount of things I’ve learned is far too numerous to answer quickly, if at all. I also realized that any set of answers to this question will be different for everyone — a reflection of the very personal journey through the wonderful world of crypto. Hence, the subtitle of this series is What I’ve Learned From Bitcoin, with which I want to acknowledge the inherent personal bias of answering a question like this.",,,
325,2019-01-12,,Economic Teachings of Bitcoin – What I’ve Learned From Bitcoin: Part II,article,https://dergigi.com/2019/01/11/economic-teachings-of-bitcoin/,en,Der Gigi,economics,"Money doesn’t grow on trees. To believe that it does is foolish, and our parents make sure that we know about that by repeating this saying like a mantra.",,,
326,2019-04-02,,Technological Teachings of Bitcoin - What I've Learned From Bitcoin: Part III,article,https://dergigi.com/2019/04/02/technological-teachings-of-bitcoin/,en,Der Gigi,technology,"What is Bitcoin? The many answers to this question are as interesting as they are varied. Bitcoin is both a social and a monetary phenomenon, but it is also a technological one. The intersection of many disciplines is what makes Bitcoin endlessly fascinating. Like many others, I began to stumble down this strange rabbit hole a while ago.",,,
327,2019-05-01,,Bitcoin's Gravity - How idea-value feedback loops are pulling people in,article,https://dergigi.com/2019/05/01/bitcoins-gravity/,en,Der Gigi,philosophy,"Bitcoin is different things to different people. Whatever it might be to you, it is undoubtedly an opinionated and polarizing phenomenon. There are certain ideas embedded in the essence of Bitcoin, and you might be ",,,
328,2019-07-23,,The World is Waking Up to Bitcoin,article,https://dergigi.com/2019/07/23/the-world-is-waking-up-to-bitcoin/,en,Der Gigi,adoption,"Not too long ago, Bitcoin was a niche interest. Cryptographers, cypherpunks, and some libertarian-minded folks were the only ones interested in the idea of magic internet money. Fast-forward to today, and the U.S. President, the Treasury Secretary, the Chairman of the Fed, members of Congress, and members of the House of Representatives spoke publicly about Bitcoin — all in the course of a couple of days.",,,
329,2019-08-07,,Proof of Life - Why Bitcoin is a Living Organism,article,https://dergigi.com/2019/08/07/proof-of-life/,en,Der Gigi,life,"The definition of life has been a challenge for scientists and philosophers alike. While many definitions have been put forward, what precisely differentiates the living from the non-living remains elusive. Are viruses alive? DNA molecules?",,,
330,2019-08-22,,The Rise of the Sovereign Individual - How power is re-aligning itself in an internet-native world,article,https://dergigi.com/2019/08/22/the-rise-of-the-sovereign-individual/,en,Der Gigi,sovereignism,"Not too long ago, the internet was a fringe phenomenon. Very few people saw the benefits of a global communications network. Even fewer people had the vision and the foresight to see what it might enable. Today, most people take the internet for granted. It is simply expected to be there, like running water in your home.",,,
331,2019-10-03,,How to Kill Bitcoin,article,https://dergigi.com/2019/10/03/how-to-kill-bitcoin/,en,Der Gigi,adoption,"What follows is an elaborate, in-depth, and practical step-by-step guide on how to kill the beast which is Bitcoin. Bitcoin is remarkably resilient. As Rep. Patrick McHenry famously said: governments can not stop this innovation. ",,,
332,2019-11-21,,Bitcoin Boots on the Ground: Venezuela,article,https://dergigi.com/2019/11/21/bitcoin-boots-on-the-ground-venezuela/,en,Der Gigi,,"José is a bitcoiner. Like many others, he discovered bitcoin a couple of years ago and is fascinated by the technology. Unlike many others, however, José lives in a country where the traditional financial system ",,,
333,2019-12-22,,Bitcoin's Eternal Struggle - How Bitcoin Thrives on the Edge between Order and Chaos,article,https://dergigi.com/2019/12/22/bitcoin-s-eternal-struggle/,en,Der Gigi,philosophy,"Bitcoin works. No matter what other opinions you hold about this strange phenomenon, it undoubtedly works, marches on, or, as I (and others) have previously argued, is alive. Even if most of the world would ",,,
334,2020-03-01,,Bitcoin's Habitats - How Bitcoin is surviving and thriving between worlds,article,https://dergigi.com/2020/03/01/bitcoin-s-habitats/,en,Der Gigi,,"As I have argued previously, Bitcoin is a living organism. But where does this organism live, exactly? As with many questions in the world of Bitcoin, exact answers are hard to come by.",,,
335,2020-03-20,,Dear Legacy People,article,https://dergigi.com/2020/03/20/dear-legacy-people/,en,Der Gigi,letter,"The world you know and love is no more, even if it isn’t obvious to every one of you just yet. We will look back at this moment in time, the months we are currently",,,
336,2020-03-31,,Dear Bitcoiners - An optimistic letter to friends and foes around the globe,article,https://dergigi.com/2020/03/31/dear-bitcoiners/,en,Der Gigi,letter,"The madness of this world became obvious in an instant. Everything is changing way faster than most of us ever imagined — but I’m not worried. To the contrary, I’m weirdly optimistic",,,
337,2020-04-27,,"Dear Family, Dear Friends, - A letter to all of you who still have no bitcoin",article,https://dergigi.com/2020/04/27/dear-family-dear-friends/,en,Der Gigi,letter,I am writing this letter because I am convinced of two things: (1) our current money is fundamentally broken (2) using superior money will benefit you in particular — and society in general,,,
338,2020-06-15,,The Bitcoin Journey,article,https://dergigi.com/2020/06/15/the-bitcoin-journey/,en,Der Gigi,journey,A couple of weeks ago I had the immense pleasure of giving the opening talk at the Value of Bitcoin conference. I would like to revisit some ideas of this talk and maybe dig deeper,,,
339,2020-07-21,,True Names Not Required,article,https://dergigi.com/2020/07/21/true-names-not-required/,en,Der Gigi,privacy,"In 1981, at a time where the internet was in its infancy (and I was just a gleam in my father’s eye), the legendary mathematician, computer scientist, and science-fiction author Vernor Vinge published his prophetic",,,
340,2020-08-18,,Why I Joined Swan Bitcoin,article,https://dergigi.com/2020/08/18/why-i-joined-swan-bitcoin/,en,Der Gigi,,I have a picture on my wall that says the following: “You liter­ally ought to be asking yourself all the time what is the most impor­tant thing in the world I could be working on right now,,,
341,2020-09-20,,On Bitcoin's UX,article,https://dergigi.com/2020/09/20/on-bitcoin-s-ux/,en,Der Gigi,ux,"There is an ongoing discus­sion in the Bitcoin space revolving around the topic of user experi­ence, or UX for short. Bitcoin still feels weird, clunky, and compli­cated at times.",,,
342,2020-11-05,,What Is 21ism?,article,https://dergigi.com/2020/11/05/what-is-21ism/,en,Der Gigi,21ism,"Morpheus: I imagine that right now, you're feeling a bit like Alice. Hmm? Tumbling down the rabbit hole? Neo: You could say that. Morpheus: I see it in your eyes",,,
343,2021-01-14,,Bitcoin Is Time,article,https://dergigi.com/2021/01/14/bitcoin-is-time/,en,Der Gigi,time,"One luminary clock against the sky Proclaimed the time was neither wrong nor right. Robert Frost, Acquainted with the Night (1928) Time is still the great mystery to us.",,,
344,2021-03-14,,Bitcoin Privacy: Best Practices,article,https://dergigi.com/2021/03/14/bitcoin-privacy-best-practices/,en,Der Gigi,privacy,"There is a sacred realm of privacy for every man and woman where he makes his choices and decisions — a realm of his own essen­tial rights and liber­ties into which the law, gener­ally speaking, must not intrude.",,,
345,2021-03-14,,The Responsibility of Adopting Bitcoin,article,https://dergigi.com/2021/03/14/the-responsibility-of-adopting-bitcoin/,en,Der Gigi,"responsibility, sovereignism","There is a saying among bitcoiners, and it becomes more truthful and apparent as time goes on: You don’t change Bitcoin. Bitcoin changes you. Why is that? At first, I wasn’t sure how to answer",,,
346,2021-06-13,,Bitcoin Is An Idea,article,https://dergigi.com/2021/06/13/bitcoin-is-an-idea/,en,Der Gigi,idea,"Don’t worry about people stealing an idea. If it’s original, you will have to ram it down their throats. Howard H. Aiken There’s no flesh or blood within this cloak to kill.",,,
347,2019-03-22,,Modeling Bitcoin Value with Scarcity (S2F),article,https://medium.com/@100trillionUSD/modeling-bitcoins-value-with-scarcity-91fa0fc03e25,en,PlanB,s2f,"Surely this digital scarcity has value. But how much? In this article I quantify scarcity using stock-to-flow, and use stock-to-flow to model bitcoin’s value.",,,
348,2020-01-17,,Efficient Market Hypothesis and Bitcoin S2F,article,https://medium.com/@100trillionUSD/efficient-market-hypothesis-and-bitcoin-stock-to-flow-model-db17f40e6107,en,PlanB,s2f,"In this article I share my point of view on S2F model and EMH. I analyze arbitrage opportunities, risk & return model and derivatives markets.",,,
349,2020-04-27,,Bitcoin Stock-to-Flow Cross Asset Model,article,https://medium.com/@100trillionUSD/bitcoin-stock-to-flow-cross-asset-model-50d260feed12,en,PlanB,"s2f, s2fx","In this article I solidify the basis of the current S2F model by removing time and adding other assets (silver and gold) to the model. I call this new model the BTC S2F cross asset (S2FX) model. S2FX model enables valuation of different assets like silver, gold and BTC with one formula",,,
350,,,21ism Bitcoin Art Collective,collection,https://21ism.com/,en,,"art, video, design, code, music, memes, writings","We celebrate Art as The State suppresses it.  Freedom over fear.  Each month we spin the ‘Creative Carousel’, curate & feature new Artists, inspired to create by the ultimate expression of liberty – Bitcoin.  Art is a language through which it speaks.  Check out Artist Feature pages by clicking below & podcasts at Anchor.fm/21ism. Bitcoin is an idea whose time has come. It’s taking root in hearts & minds. It’s Truth Machine is a safe haven for storing value in uncertain futures. Sovereignty through mathematics, for the enrichment of every individual on Earth. Rules not rulers.",,,
351,,,Citadel21,collection,https://www.citadel21.com/,en,,"writings, magazine","Citadel21 is a Bitcoin cultural zine. Bitcoin culture is rich and varied. It contains a multitude of voices, opinions and flavors. Together they form what is seemingly chaos, but with an abundance of signal. Citadel21 aims to curate this chaos and put some of the best, coolest and weirdest pieces of raw signal on display.",,,
352,,,Till Musshoff,podcast,https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCycGV6fAhD_-7GPmCkkESdw,en,Till Musshoff,"economics, society",An overview of Bitcoin from different perspectives. Bitcoin has profound impacts on our understanding of how the economy works and at the same time the technology behind Bitcoin is an incredible achievement in the field of distributed systems.,,,
353,,,Bulltardia,book,https://www.bulltardia.com/,en,Dim Zayan,comic,"Bulltardia follows the adventures of a hot-headed honey badger named Bit who is tasked to bring a moonstone back to the moon. Even though the story is set in an imaginary world, it reflects on our reality as most of the characters and places are based on real people and events that are part of the ongoing history written by Bitcoin",,,
354,2020-10-31,,Orange Coin Good: The Value of Bitcoin Book One,book,https://www.amazon.com/Orange-Coin-Good-Value-Bitcoin-ebook/dp/B08L5R7JG8,en,jimbo,money,"This book answers one question: How can Bitcoin, a purely digital money that's not backed by anything, have any value to people at all? You'll learn that Bitcoin is three things: a programmable money, a computer network, and a social phenomenon. These parts are mutually reinforcing, inseparable and governed by consensus. You'll find out how Bitcoin works for you. You'll learn how to set up a wallet and how to use it to receive Bitcoin.",,,
355,2020-05-06,,Random Heresies on Bitcoin and Fractional Reserve,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/random-heresies-on-bitcoin-and-fractional-reserve-d16b9a683851?source=---------34----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,,"Ever the irrationally exuberant optimist, I think that an under-appreciated leading indicator for Bitcoin’s success is the seriousness with which serious people seem to take it. While Bitcoin Twitter can mostly appear to be chaotic, memetastic noise, from time to time one can detect some encouraging signal.",,,
356,2020-05-30,,Qualified Reservations,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/qualified-reservations-9094ec9f1734?source=---------32----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,,"You take the red pill, you stay in wonderland, and I show you how deep the rabbit hole goes",,,
357,2020-04-12,,A Tale Of Two Talebs,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/a-tale-of-two-talebs-1775dff3302b?source=---------0----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,taleb,"or, how to kick your addiction to the Internet’s biggest asshole.",,,
358,2021-07-06,,Inflation In A Hyperbitcoinized World,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/inflation-in-a-hyperbitcoinized-world-a51500a473e6?source=---------1----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,inflation,a cheeky little brainstorm on the methodological individualism of price inflation and capital formation,,,
359,2021-06-16,,Soul In The Game,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/soul-in-the-game-d9320c5b6ea?source=---------2----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,,"totes emosh, guys, totes emosh",,,
360,2021-05-30,,Bitcoin Is For Foxes,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/bitcoin-is-for-foxes-3a16b37d9164?source=---------3----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,,hedgehogs beware,,,
361,2021-04-18,,Antifragile Bitcoin And Fragile Nassim,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/antifragile-bitcoin-and-fragile-nassim-4f46829fb5dd?source=---------4----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,taleb,a bitesize read on Taleb’s Bitcoin Derangement Syndrome to celebrate the one year anniversary,,,
362,2021-04-03,,National Socialism In The Birthplace Of The Enlightenment,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/national-socialism-in-the-birthplace-of-the-enlightenment-a2218337af43?source=---------5----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,,an attempt to stir up hatred against the most evil law of which I have ever been a subject,,,
363,2021-03-13,,Gauge Theory Does Not Fix This,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/gauge-theory-does-not-fix-this-625f98de3246?source=---------6----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,intellectuals,"or, why do intellectuals oppose Bitcoin?",,,
364,2021-03-01,,An Open Letter To Would-Be Bullshitters,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/an-open-letter-to-would-be-bullshitters-c7a82d511cd?source=---------7----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,letter,"we don’t trust, we verify",,,
365,2021-02-28,,Lenz’s Law Of Capitalism,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/lenzs-law-of-capitalism-27b1e4601bb3?source=---------8----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,fiat,"or, how to check your fiat privilege",,,
366,2021-02-21,,Fiat Privilege,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/fiat-privilege-3f5afae50083?source=---------9----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,fiat,what it is and how to fight it,,,
367,2021-02-20,,"Bitcoin Is Venice, Bitcoin Is",article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/bitcoin-is-venice-bitcoin-is-741cc7d22e9?source=---------10----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,,Part XIV and Finale of the Bitgenstein Serialization,,woman-sitting-mountain.jpg,
368,2021-02-20,,"Bitcoin Is Logos, Bitcoin Is Techne",article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/bitcoin-is-logos-bitcoin-is-techne-d06ea0a4062c?source=---------11----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,,Part XIII of the Bitgenstein Serialization,,colosseum.jpg,
369,2021-02-20,,Bitcoin Is Gravity,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/bitcoin-is-gravity-eda85ce3b857?source=---------12----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,,Part XII of the Bitgenstein Serialization,,bitcoin2.jpg,
370,2021-02-20,,Bitcoin Is Halal,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/bitcoin-is-halal-4a8f0560c3d0?source=---------13----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,,Part XI of the Bitgenstein Serialization,,bitcoin1.jpg,
371,2021-02-20,,Bitcoin Is Ariadne,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/bitcoin-is-ariadne-2aa7494625da?source=---------14----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,,Part X of the Bitgenstein Serialization,,,
372,2021-02-20,,Rhapsody On A Theme Of Nakamoto,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/rhapsody-on-a-theme-by-nakamoto-b9afd8c975f3?source=---------15----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,,Part IX of the Bitgenstein Serialization,,,
373,2021-02-20,,Behavior And Incentives,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/behavior-and-incentives-2c47c6c850ea?source=---------16----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,,Part VIII of the Bitgenstein Serialization,,,
374,2021-02-20,,Maximizing Consumption,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/maximizing-consumption-37bb0ab21b60?source=---------17----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,,Part VII of the Bitgenstein Serialization,,trading-charts.jpg,
375,2021-02-20,,Accounting For Time And Risk,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/accounting-for-time-and-risk-d36b8249b5be?source=---------18----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,time,Part VI of the Bitgenstein Serialization,,,
376,2021-02-20,,Farming And Capital,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/farming-and-capital-1e60c532643b?source=---------19----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,capital,Part V of the Bitgenstein Serialization,,,
377,2021-02-20,,"Money, Capital, And Social Scalability",article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/money-capital-and-social-scalability-d3ddf1dda6e5?source=---------20----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,"money, scalability",Part IV of the Bitgenstein Serialization,,bitcoin-chart.jpg,
378,2021-02-20,,"Time, Energy, And The Triangle Game",article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/time-energy-and-the-triangle-game-10b43cc48efc?source=---------21----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,"time, energy",Part III of the Bitgenstein Serialization,,road.jpg,
379,2021-02-20,,"Apples, Zebras, And Knowledge",article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/apples-zebras-and-knowledge-99cb7f791aea?source=---------22----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,knowledge,Part II of the Bitgenstein Serialization,,woman-sitting-mountain.jpg,
380,2021-02-20,,Semantics Therefore Reality,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/semantics-therefore-reality-4499dea14744?source=---------23----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,semantics,Part I of the Bitgenstein Serialization,,colosseum.jpg,
381,2021-02-20,,The Bitgenstein Serialization,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/the-bitgenstein-serialization-fc5121332f92?source=---------24----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,,Introduction and Contents,,bitcoin2.jpg,
382,2021-02-14,,Anatomy Of A Hit Piece,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/anatomy-of-a-hit-piece-da419a354f8d?source=---------25----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,,"Propaganda, The New York Times, And The Struggle For Narrative Control",,bitcoin1.jpg,
383,2021-02-13,,Bitcoin Is Venice,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/bitcoin-is-venice-8414dda42070?source=---------26----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,"money, history",Rhapsody on a Theme of Nakamoto,,sky-clouds.jpg,
384,2021-01-16,,The Capital Strip Mine,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/the-capital-strip-mine-ec627e9fe40a?source=---------27----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,money,"Leverage, Knowledge, and the Uncapitalizing of America",,mine.jpg,
385,2020-12-04,,Wittgenstein’s Money,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/wittgensteins-money-7cac8d0635cf?source=---------28----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,money,"What would it seem like if it did seem like a global, digital, sound, open source, programmable money was monetizing from absolute zero?",,book.jpg,
386,2020-07-10,,Appendiccio Numero Tre,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/appendiccio-numero-tre-2bb9d83fd622?source=---------29----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,taleb,"DE LA TALEBENNING, OF COURSO, IDIOTAS!",,sunset.jpg,
387,2021-07-07,,Appendiccio Numero Due,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/appendiccio-numero-due-674626ecf9e5?source=---------30----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,taleb,"de la Talebenning, of courso …",,sunrise.jpg,
388,2020-01-13,,Appendiccio Numero Uno,article,https://allenfarrington.medium.com/appendiccio-numero-uno-f7139de5b8a1?source=---------31----------------------------,en,Allen Farrington,taleb,"de la Talebenning, of courso …",,scripture-with-candles.jpg,
389,,,Citizen Bitcoin,podcast,https://citizenbitcoin.world/,en,Brady Swenson,interviews,Podcasting the dawn of the Bitcoin Renaissance.,,,
390,,,Orange Pill Podcast,podcast,https://orangepill.buzzsprout.com/,en,"Max Keiser, Stacy Herbert","entertainment, news","Max Keiser and Stacy Herbert with a weekly trippy look at a post red-pilled world. As an old fiat regime fades away and a new hard money system brings a new renaissance, they speak to guests from the world of bitcoin, macroeconomics, space travel, artificial intelligence and also finance, markets and monetary policy.",,,
391,,,Bitcoin Kindergarten Live Q&A,podcast,https://btckindergarten.com/,en,"Nik, Optimist Fields",entertainment,A weekly Bitcoin discussion,,,
392,,,A Boy Named Pseu,podcast,https://mrpseu.podbean.com/,en,Phil Gibson,interviews,"Mr. Pseu covers everything Bitcoin: entrepreneurship, tech, history/current events, economics, and innovations to free your mind! Great guests, laughs, and TRUTH BOMBS!",,,
393,,,Shitcoin Insider,podcast,https://anchor.fm/guy-swann,en,Guy Swann,"interviews, shitcoins","A Bitcoin Maximalist take on the scams, ponzis, & bad ideas in the world of crypto. Doing the dirty work so that you don't have to.",,,
394,,,Bitcoin Echo Chamber,podcast,https://bitcoinechochamber.com/,en,Heavily Armed Clown,interviews,"Accessible discussion about Bitcoin, economics, technology, and philosophy. ",,,
395,,,Bitcoin and...,podcast,https://twitter.com/bennd77,en,David Bennet,"interviews, entertainment, news",,,,
396,,,The Breakdown,podcast,https://www.coindesk.com/tag/the-breakdown,en,Nathaniel Whittemore,"news, shitcoins","Daily analysis of macroeconomics, bitcoin, geopolitics and big picture power shifts, hosted by Nathaniel Whittemore (@nlw). As more people than ever question the wisdom of unlimited money printing, Nathaniel and prominent guests from crypto, macroeconomics and geopolitics explore the increasingly mainstream alternative bitcoin represents.",,,
397,,,Crypto Voices,podcast,https://cryptovoices.com/,en,"Matthew Mežinskis, Fernando Ulrich",interviews,Podcast & Education on CryptoEconomics & Liberty,,,
398,,,Bit Buy Bit,podcast,https://www.bit-buy-bit.com/,en,Max Buybit,"interviews, art","Bitcoin is misunderstood, multifaceted, complex and evolving at a staggering rate. Show host Max Buybit and guests discus its impact on the world and help dispel the myths surrounding bitcoin, blockchain and banking.",,,
399,,,Let's Talk Bitcoin,podcast,https://letstalkbitcoin.com/blog/category/episodes,en,"Adam B. Levine, Andreas Antonopoulos, Stephanie Murphy, Jonathan Mohan",technical,,,,
400,,,The Anita Posch Show,podcast,https://bitcoinundco.com/en/,en,Anita Posch,"interviews, economics","Bitcoin is money from the people, for the people. It’s mathematical rules can’t be corrupted - neither by governments nor by billionaires. This guarantees a level of fairness which cannot be achieved in traditional human driven systems. It gives underprivileged individuals, such as people from developing nations, women, and oppressed minority groups, the chance to participate globally in a free and private manner with each other. This freedom to exchange value, unleashing people’s creativity and innovation, is what drives Anita Posch.",,bitcoin-chart.jpg,
401,,,Bottomshelf Bitcoin,podcast,https://open.spotify.com/show/2PxHTIGRKR05TiWoRwsC3S,en,Josh Humphrey,interviews,"Putting Bitcoin knowledge within everyone's reach, join Josh Humphrey as he interviews developers, authors, makers and thinkers in the Bitcoin space.",,road.jpg,
402,,,Bitcoin Rehab,podcast,http://bitcoinrehab.net,en,Karo Zagorus,interviews,"UNHINGED. UNCENSORED. Bitcoin Fireside Chat. Bitcoin Rehab is about rehabilitating society out of the fiat world, pushing people to save more and live a better life outside of the reach of inflationary money that destroys society. The show is hosted by Karo Zagorus, interviewing, talking and generally hanging out with hardcore bitcoiners who are the hodlers of last resort. Come and sip your Margarita on the beach as we go on about fixing the world one step at a time with Bitcoin.",,woman-sitting-mountain.jpg,
403,,,The Rollo And Slappy Show,podcast,https://www.mcfloogle.com/category/podcast/,en,"Rollo McFloogle, Slappy Jones","interviews, economics","Austrian Economics, Free Markets, Voluntarism.  We welcome all comments, critiques, and suggestions.",,colosseum.jpg,
404,,,Noded Bitcoin Podcast,podcast,https://noded.org/,en,"Pierre Rochard, Michael Goldstein","economics, interviews","Bitcoin current events, technical news, and commentary.",,bitcoin2.jpg,
405,,,The Bitcoin Magazine Podcast,podcast,https://open.spotify.com/show/1IxBiqXrUwWUgwiQwKWwxk,en,Bitcoin Magazine,"interviews, news","The Bitcoin Magazine Podcast is on a mission to stay on top of what's happening with everything Bitcoin, guiding listeners through the major stories shaping the price, philosophy and community around the financial revolution. The show will also feature brief interviews from leading experts in the space.",,bitcoin1.jpg,
406,,,Van Wirdum Sjorsnado Podcast,podcast,https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe0djdakvnFZkrHHLVIxwaB0sz9zKRp12,en,"Aaron van Wirdum, Sjors Provoost",technical,,,sky-clouds.jpg,
407,,,GAMcast,podcast,https://anchor.fm/gamcast,en,Marty Bent,"mining, interviews","A podcast hosted by Great American Mining, a bitcoin mining company, exploring the budding symbiotic relationship between the oil & gas and bitcoin mining industries.",,mine.jpg,
408,,,For the Love of Bitcoin,podcast,https://fortheloveofbitcoin.buzzsprout.com/,en,"Bitcoin Granny, Bitcoin Mechanic, Bitcoin Sensei",technical,The podcast of the decentralized self-sovereign future ,,book.jpg,
409,,,Unhashed Podcast,podcast,https://www.unhashedpodcast.com/,en,"Ruben Somsen, Mario Gibney, Bryan Aulds, Colin Aulds","technical, entertainment",,,sunset.jpg,
410,,,Reckless Review,podcast,https://www.buzzsprout.com/263522,en,"Udi Wertheimer, Lawrence Nahum","entertainment, technical","Reckless Review, hosted by Bitcoiners Lawrence Nahum and Udi Wertheimer, is your unapologetic, professionally unprofessional podcast, on the latest and greatest in the Bitcoin community. Get your thinking hats on, because this is going to get technical. ",,sunrise.jpg,
411,,,POV Crypto,podcast,https://medium.com/pov-crypto,en,"David Hoffman, Christian Keroles",shitcoins,"Breaking the Cryptocurrency echochamber through conversation with two, often conflicting, views. Industry insiders David Hoffman and Christian Keroles explore the crypto markets, news, and interesting ideas in cryptocurrency.",,scripture-with-candles.jpg,
412,,,The Chaincode Podcast,podcast,https://podcast.chaincode.com/,en,"Jonas Newbery, John Newbery",technical,The Chaincode Podcast brings you interviews with the most influential Bitcoin engineers about Bitcoin protocol development. ,,bitcoin-chart.jpg,
413,,,Lightning Junkies,podcast,https://lightningjunkies.net/,en,Chaz Bolty,"technical, interviews, lightning","Lightning Junkies is a podcast that was born out of obsession. Complete obsession with the Lightning Network, an obsession with Bitcoin. Most importantly, an obsession with knowledge. It is this obsession that pushed us to make a podcast. It continues to push us to find better ways to share what we know.",,road.jpg,
414,,,Bitcoin OP_UXUI,podcast,http://bitcoinopuxui.com/,en,Pedro,"design, interviews",A Podcast on Designing Bitcoin,,woman-sitting-mountain.jpg,
415,,,Dirtcoin Diaries,podcast,https://meetup.bitcoinenemies.com/@dirtcoin,en,Bitcoin Enemies,"technical, privacy","BitcoinEnemies meetup hosted by Christopher Carrion. Join weekly on Telegram voice or live on stream. Find upcoming meetups, show notes, and replays here.",,colosseum.jpg,
416,,,The Bitcoin Knowledge Podcast,podcast,https://www.bitcoin.kn/about/,en,Trace Mayer,inactive,To help you better understand Bitcoin the top people in the Bitcoin industry are interviewed by Trace Mayer for the Bitcoin Knowledge Podcast.,,bitcoin2.jpg,
417,,,Bitcoin Uncensored,podcast,https://www.dropbox.com/sh/gmtnb4n4a8rqp7z/AABYsjlsXc_oOQZf1fXHRs1ha?dl=0,en,"Chris DeRose, Junseth",inactive,"A podcast by people who believe in nothing, interviewing people who believe in everything, for people who don't care to read",,bitcoin1.jpg,
418,,,Crypto & Grill,podcast,https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCB1Mjmtdtq7r9o-uPLBQL6A,en,"CryptoDantes, StigofthePump",inactive,,,sky-clouds.jpg,
419,,,Did You Know Crypto,podcast,https://didyouknowcrypto.com/,en,Dustin D.,inactive,"I hope that this Podcast will help other get bitten by the Bitcoin bug as well, not visions of fortune but being part of something revolutionary.",,mine.jpg,
420,,,Bitcoin Pleb Talk,podcast,https://anchor.fm/saintbitcoin/,en,Saint Bitcoin,inactive,"Curating Bitcoin community through funny and entertaining Pleb encounters. A series focused on getting to know, and making the voices of the army of everyday average Bitcoiners worldwide heard.",,book.jpg,
421,,,Arman The Parman,collection,https://armantheparman.com/,en,Arman The Parman,"guides, articles, technical","A collection of articles of general interest, as well as many guides to configure your node, wallet and many more.",,mine.jpg,
422,,,Bitcoin Core,tool,https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin,en,,software,The original and most popular bitcoin implementation.,,book.jpg,
423,,,btcd,tool,https://github.com/btcsuite/btcd,en,,software,Solid implementation with great comments and documentation.,,sunset.jpg,
424,,,Bitcoin-ruby,tool,https://github.com/lian/bitcoin-ruby,en,,software,Readable bitcoin code. Excellent for learning how it all works. ,,sunrise.jpg,
425,,,Johoe’s Mempool Statistics,tool,"https://jochen-hoenicke.de/queue/#0,24h",en,,visualization,Handy mempool visualisations for figuring out what transaction fee to use ,,scripture-with-candles.jpg,
426,,,Bitcoin Transaction Monitor,tool,https://mempool.observer/monitor/,en,0xB10C,visualization,Transaction fee plot by 0xB10C.,,bitcoin-chart.jpg,
427,,,Bitcoin Rain,tool,http://bitcoinrain.io/,en,,visualization,A rain of transaccions,,road.jpg,
428,,,bitcoin-iterate,tool,https://github.com/rustyrussell/bitcoin-iterate,en,Rusty Russell,,Handy blockchain parser. Get data out of your blockchain,,woman-sitting-mountain.jpg,
429,,,bitcoin-utxo-dump,tool,https://github.com/in3rsha/bitcoin-utxo-dump,en,in3rsha,,Get a human-readable list of UTXOs from your node.,,colosseum.jpg,
430,,,Bitcoin Wiki,collection,https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Main_Page,en,,wiki,The most popular Bitcoin wiki ,,bitcoin2.jpg,
431,,,Royal Fork,collection,https://www.royalfork.org/,en,Joe,"technical, writings",Technical articles explaining key parts of Bitcoin.,,bitcoin1.jpg,
432,,,Bitcoin Stack Exchange,collection,https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/,en,,technical,Some of the brightest minds and clearest explanations can be found here.,,sky-clouds.jpg,
433,,,Bitcoin Only,collection,https://bitcoin-only.com/,en,Bitcoin Only,,Bitcoin only is an open source website created to showcase the highest quality Bitcoin resources. It is built and maintained by volunteers.,,mine.jpg,
434,,,Chain Query,tool,https://chainquery.com/bitcoin-cli,en,ChainQuery,technical,A list of bitcoin-cli commands. Nice and handy. ,,book.jpg,
435,2014-05-05,,Minimum Viable Block Chain,article,https://www.igvita.com/2014/05/05/minimum-viable-block-chain/,en,Ilya Grigorik,"technical, blockchain",The reasons for how blockchain works.,,sunset.jpg,
436,,,Learn me a Bitcoin,collection,https://learnmeabitcoin.com/,en,Greg Walker,,A well thought out list of resources for users of different types from beginners to technical.,,sunrise.jpg,
437,,,Burn the bridge,collection,https://www.econoalchemist.com/,en,Econoalchemist,"guides, diy, mining","Bitcoin, Self Custody, & Censorship Resistance ",,scripture-with-candles.jpg,
438,,,Hell or highwater podcast,podcast,https://www.freenathanjordan.com/podcast,en,Econoalchemist,family,"Although not directly related to Bitcoin, this podcast tells a story relating to the struggle for freedom, the abuses of power from oppressors, and how a family has been shattered by injustice. I hope that this brings awareness not only to my friends' unfortunate situation but also to the harsh realities of the criminal justice system and how it is continuously encroaching on the freedoms so many of us take for granted. ",,bitcoin-chart.jpg,
439,2021-01-10,,Build your own Bitcoin full node on a RaspberryPi,guide,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/build-your-own-bitcoin-full-node-on-a-raspberrypi,en,Econoalchemist,"node, raspberry",These are the steps I took to build a fully validating Bitcoin node running BitcoinCore-qt.,,road.jpg,
440,2020-01-27,,My Top 10 ColdCard Features,guide,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/my-top-10-coldcard-features,en,Econoalchemist,"coldcard,wallet","10 Things I like about the ColdCard wallet by CoinKite. From functioning 100% offline to displaying QR codes, this Bitcoin only wallet has it all.",,woman-sitting-mountain.jpg,
441,2020-04-05,,"CoinJoin Day, trying out Whirlpool",guide,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/coinjoin-day-trying-out-whirlpool,en,Econoalchemist,"coinjoin, whirpool","April 5th is CoinJoin Day, a day to encourage Bitcoiners to participate in mixing techniques that help them gain privacy & anonymity.",,colosseum.jpg,
442,2020-06-10,,OpenDime features & how to use one,guide,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/opendime-features-how-to-use-one,en,Econoalchemist,opendime,"OpenDimes are a Bitcoin wallet in a USB stick. They are designed to be used once and physically transfer bitcoin. This article describes some of the OpenDimes coolest features, how they work, and examples of using one.",,bitcoin2.jpg,
443,2020-06-28,,Deriving entropy on ColdCard wallet with BIP85,guide,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/deriving-entropy-on-coldcard-wallet-with-bip85,en,Econoalchemist,"coldcard,wallet,seed","This article is about BIP85, setting up a @COLDCARDwallet from scratch, & using a primary seed to derive entropy for @bluewalletio & Bitcoin Core",,bitcoin1.jpg,
444,2020-07-03,,Where do seed backups go when they die?,guide,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/copy-of-where-do-seed-backups-go-when-they-die,en,Econoalchemist,"seed, security","An exploration into the various seed destruction methods on the heavy duty, 2mm, 304 stainless steel @bitcoinbackup from @Coinkite.",,sky-clouds.jpg,
445,2020-07-11,,Fuck Brian,article,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/fuck-brian,en,Econoalchemist,privacy,My rebuttals to Brian Armstrong's tweet storm where he defends CoinBase's decision to provide chain analysis services to law enforcement agencies.,,mine.jpg,
446,2020-07-18,,"CoinBase, things aren't as they seem",article,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/coinbase-things-aren-t-as-they-seem,en,Econoalchemist,coinbase,Here's an attempt to highlight what's at stake with Coinbase from my point of view. Call me crazy or paranoid but a company with your personal data & your public data will not resist the temptation to combine them.,,book.jpg,
447,2020-07-21,,Muh xpubs ,article,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/muh-xpubs,en,Econoalchemist,xpub,"My thoughts regarding the possibility of law enforcement coercing Samourai Wallet into producing user's xpub information. Old memes die hard, think critically for yourself, keep the FUD at bay.",,sunset.jpg,
448,2020-09-17,,"Samourai Wallet + Ronin Dojo, an article on privacy, anonymity, & options",guide,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/samourai-wallet-ronin-dojo-an-article-on-privacy-anonymity-options,en,Econoalchemist,"wallet, samurai, dojo, privacy","Running Samourai Wallet on your mobile phone and running a Ronin Dojo at home is a powerful, privacy preserving combination that can help users interact with Bitcoin in an anonymous way.",,sunrise.jpg,
449,2020-10-11,,Using BIP85 on ColdCard to derive a fresh wallet & import it to Samourai,guide,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/using-bip85-on-coldcard-to-derive-a-fresh-wallet-import-it-to-samourai,en,Econoalchemist,"seed, coldcard, wallet","An article on minimizing trust by generating keys offline, compiling an Android app, and using your own node.",,scripture-with-candles.jpg,
450,2020-10-23,,"3D printed Bitcoin grenades & tannerite, an explosive combination",guide,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/3d-printed-bitcoin-grenades-tannerite-an-explosive-combination,en,Econoalchemist,,"3D printed Bitcoin Grenades from @CryptoCloaks are works of art, we wanted to capture some slow motion footage of them in action, exploding as grenades are meant to do.",,bitcoin-chart.jpg,
451,2020-10-30,,FinCEN & FATF proposed Travel Rule changes ,article,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/fincen-fatf-purposed-travel-rule-changes,en,Econoalchemist,"fincen, fatf, privacy","From 2020-10-27 through 2020-11-27 FinCEN is accepting comments on the proposed changes to the FATF travel rule. These changes are invasive to individual privacy, burdensome on small businesses, and an overreach of government regulatory authority.",,road.jpg,
452,2020-11-03,,Intrusive surveillance is someone's full time job ,article,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/intrusive-surveillance-is-someone-s-full-time-job,en,Econoalchemist,"surveillance, censorship, custody","A short article that highlights the growing divide between custodial ""bitcoin"" and self-custody bitcoin. Capturing your information by selling the idea of Bitcoin without delivering the financial freedom or censorship resistance. ",,woman-sitting-mountain.jpg,
453,2020-11-19,,Don't take chances rolling the dice ,guide,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/don-t-take-chances-rolling-the-dice,en,Econoalchemist,"coldcard,wallet,seed","An article on verifying ColdCard firmware, generating a 24-word seed phrase with dice, verifying the dice rolls, backing up the seed with a 3D printed Blockmit jig, and stress testing the backup.",,colosseum.jpg,
454,2020-12-07,,Putting the who? in Cahoots ,article,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/putting-the-who-in-cahoots,en,Econoalchemist,"stonewallx2, stowaway",An article on the privacy enhancing StoneWallx2 & Stowaway transactions and the recently deployed Soroban improvements from Samourai Wallet.,,bitcoin2.jpg,
455,2020-12-21,,"Don't fear it, secure it ",guide,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/don-t-fear-it-secure-it,en,Econoalchemist,"security, seed",An article on securing and recovering a Bitcoin seed phrase with the Hodlr Disks stainless steel backup. If you value permissionless money and the ability to transact without being censored then self-custody and get your bitcoin out of third party control.,,bitcoin1.jpg,
456,2021-01-23,,Securing a Bitcoin seed phrase in stainless-steel washers (abridged),guide,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/backup,en,Econoalchemist,"security, seed",An article on securing a 24-word seed phrase backup with a 3D printed Blockmit jig and stress testing the backup.  ,,sky-clouds.jpg,
457,2021-01-30,,Home mining for non-KYC Bitcoin ,guide,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/home-mining-for-non-kyc-bitcoin,en,Econoalchemist,"diy, mining, asic","An article on setting up an ASIC Bitcoin miner at home with the goal of generating a non-KYC stack. Procurement, electrical infrastructure, ventilation requirements, noise treatment, connecting to a pool, and operational costs/rewards will be covered here. Additionally, community questions from Twitter are answered individually at the end. Several additional resources are presented as well.",,mine.jpg,
458,2021-02-22,,"Stowaway, a privacy enhancing tool from Samourai Wallet",guide,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/stowaway-a-privacy-enhancing-tool-from-samourai-wallet,en,Econoalchemist,"privacy, stowaway","This article explains a privacy enhancing tool called Stowaway. Developed by Samourai Wallet, this type of collaborative Bitcoin transaction obfuscates the true amount being sent on-chain",,book.jpg,
459,2021-03-15,,Bitcoin wallets for beginners - Part I ,guide,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/bitcoin-wallets-for-beginners-part-i,en,Econoalchemist,"wallet, kyc",This article is Part I of a five part series designed to demonstrate to Bitcoin beginners how to install and use a Bitcoin wallet. This first part of the series covers the importance of self-custody and the dangers of KYC.,,sunset.jpg,
460,2021-03-16,,Bitcoin wallets for beginners - Part II ,guide,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/bitcoin-wallets-for-beginners-part-ii,en,Econoalchemist,"samurai, wallet","This article is Part II of a five part series designed to demonstrate to Bitcoin beginners how to install, secure, and use a Bitcoin wallet. This part of the series covers installing Samourai Wallet on Android.",,sunrise.jpg,
461,2021-03-17,,Bitcoin wallets for beginners - Part III ,guide,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/bitcoin-wallets-for-beginners-part-iii,en,Econoalchemist,"wallet, bluewallet",This article is Part III of a five part series designed to demonstrate to Bitcoin beginners how to install and use a Bitcoin wallet. This part of the series covers installing Blue Wallet on iPhone. ,,wallet.jpg,3
462,2021-03-18,,Bitcoin wallets for beginners - Part IV ,guide,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/bitcoin-wallets-for-beginners-part-iv,en,Econoalchemist,"wallet, sparrow",This article is Part IV of a five part series designed to demonstrate to Bitcoin beginners how to install and use a Bitcoin wallet. This part of the series covers installing Sparrow Wallet on Desktop.,,bitcoin-chart.jpg,
463,2021-03-19,,Bitcoin wallets for beginners - Part V ,guide,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/bitcoin-wallets-for-beginners-part-v,en,Econoalchemist,"wallet, kyc",This article is Part V of a five part series designed to demonstrate to Bitcoin beginners how to install and use a Bitcoin wallet. This part of the series covers purchasing non-KYC bitcoin for your new Bitcoin wallet.,,road.jpg,
464,2021-03-26,,"STONEWALLx2, a privacy enhancing tool from Samourai Wallet",guide,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/stonewallx2-a-privacy-enhancing-tool-from-samourai-wallet,en,Econoalchemist,"privacy,stonewallx2","This article explains a privacy enhancing transaction tool called StonewallX2. Developed by Samourai Wallet, this tool can be used to collaborate in cahoots transactions to create decoy outputs. ",,woman-sitting-mountain.jpg,
465,2021-04-08,,Mobile Privacy with a Pixel 4a & CalyxOS ,guide,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/mobile-privacy-with-a-pixel-4a-calyxos,en,Econoalchemist,"privacy,pixel,calyxos","This is a step-by-step guide on how to privately purchase a Google Pixel 4a mobile phone, flash it with CalyxOS, and use it to guard your privacy while on the go. If you are prepared to give up your current phone number and switch to Android then this guide will show you how to reclaim your privacy while maintaining your mobility. You can also find this article on the @BitcoinMagazine website, here.",,colosseum.jpg,
466,2021-05-28,,"Getting Started With Bitcoin Self-Custody: ColdCard, CypherWheel, & Sparrow",guide,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/a-beginners-guide-to-coldcard-cypherwheel-sparrow-wallet,en,Econoalchemist,"coldcard,wallet,sparrow,seed","This step by step guide will show you how to setup a fresh ColdCard Wallet, secure the seed phrase with CypherWheel, and make an air-gapped transaction using Sparrow Wallet. ",,bitcoin2.jpg,3
467,2021-06-18,,Build a Self-Custodial Lightning Node with RaspiBlitz,guide,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/build-a-self-custodial-lightning-node-with-raspiblitz,en,Econoalchemist,"lightning, raspiblitz",This article offers a step-by-step guide to build your own Bitcoin full node and Lightning client running the RaspiBlitz implementation.,,bitcoin1.jpg,
468,,,Raspiblitz: build your Bitcoin and Lightning node,guide,https://github.com/rootzoll/raspiblitz,en,"rootzoll, openoms","node, raspberry, raspiblitz, lightning",The RaspiBlitz is a do-it-yourself Lightning Node based on LND running together with a Bitcoin-Fullnode on a RaspberryPi (1TB SSD) and a nice display for easy setup & monitoring.,,lightning.jpg,3
469,2020-04-04,,Saifedean Ammous on Time Preference,audio,https://anchor.fm/daniel-prince6/episodes/saifedean---Time-Preference-Is-The-Most-Important-Aspect-Of-Economics-That-You-Can-Learn-ecceij,en,Daniel Prince,,Once BITten - Time Preference Is The Most Important Aspect Of Economics That You Can Learn,,puppet.jpg,2
470,2021-06-18,,Jack Mallers on El Salvador's Bitcoin Standard,audio,https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/el-salvador-the-whole-story,en,Peter McCormack,,What Bitcoin Did - episode #362,,,
471,2021-04-18,,Robert Breedlove on Philosophy of Bitcoin from First Principles,audio,https://lexfridman.com/robert-breedlove/,en,Lex Fridman,,Lex Fridman Podcast - episode #176,,,
472,2021-02-16,,Michael Saylor on Human Action and The Corporate Bitcoin Standard,audio,https://saifedean.com/podcast/34-michael-saylor-on-the-fiat-standard/,en,Saifedean Ammous,,The Bitcoin Standard - episode #34,,,
473,2020-11-24,,Robert Breedlove on Common Misconceptions,audio,https://www.theinvestorspodcast.com/episodes/bf-001-bitcoin-common-misconceptions-w-robert-breedlove/,en,Preston Pysh,,The Investor's Podcast - episode #BTC001,,scripture-with-candles.jpg,2
474,2020-11-13,,Michael Saylor & Jeff Booth on Bitcoin as the Fight Of Our Time,audio,https://anchor.fm/daniel-prince6/episodes/Michael_saylor---Jeffbooth---Bitcoin-Is-The-Fight-Of-Our-Time--87-emeg4s,en,Daniel Prince,,Once BITten - episode #88,,,
475,2020-09-18,,Michael Saylor on a Corporate Bitcoin Standard,audio,https://anchor.fm/thecryptoconomy/episodes/Chat-47---Magic-Gold-with-Michael-Saylor-ejrbld,en,Guy Swann,,Bitcoin Audible - episode #47,,bitcoin-chart.jpg,2
476,2020-08-25,,Robert Breedlove on Bitcoin vs Slave Money,audio,https://stephanlivera.com/episode/204/,en,Stephan Livera,,Stephan Livera Podcast - episode #204,,,
477,2020-08-14,,"Saifedean Ammous & George Gammon on Inflation, Deflation, and The Bitcoin Standard",audio,https://swansignalpodcast.com/episodes/saifedean-ammous-and-george-gammon-e23,en,Brady Swenson,,Swan Signal Podcast - episode #23,,,
478,2020-06-04,,"6102bitcoin on Bitcoin Privacy, Education, KYC, and Pseudonymity",audio,https://stephanlivera.com/episode/178/,en,Stephan Livera,,Stephan Livera Podcast - episode #178,,,
479,2020-05-19,,Robert Breedlove on Bitcoin and the Number Zero,audio,https://anchor.fm/tales-from-the-crypt/episodes/162-Robert-Breedlove-ee9e6t,en,Marty Bent,,Tales From The Crypt - episode #162,,,
480,2020-05-05,,Ben Prentice & Heavily Armed Clown on WTF Happened in 1971?,audio,https://anchor.fm/tales-from-the-crypt/episodes/157-Ben-Prentice--Heavily-Armed-Clown-edlfjb,en,Marty Bent,,Tales From The Crypt - episode #157,,,
481,2020-02-20,,Francis Pouliot on Maximalism and Soul in the Game,audio,https://anchor.fm/funwithbitcoin/episodes/Interview-with-Francis-Pouliot-Hardcore-BTC-Toxic-Maximalist-eavck4,en,Coinicarus,,Fun With Bitcoin - episode #68,,,
482,2020-01-07,,Parker Lewis - What is Money?,audio,https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-beginners-guide-to-bitcoin-part-2-what-is-money-with-parker-lewis,en,Peter McCormack,,What Bitcoin Did - episode #183,,fractal.jpg,2
483,2021-01-05,,Jack Mallers on how Bitcoin Disrupts Payment Clearing Houses,audio,https://www.theinvestorspodcast.com/bitcoin-fundamentals/btc007-bitcoin-disrupting-payment-clearing-houses-w-jack-mallers/,en,Preston Pysh,,The Investor's Podcast - episode #BTC007,,,
484,2019-10-21,,Vortex on Bitcoin Education and Understanding Bitcoin,audio,https://anchor.fm/john-vallis/episodes/Vortex-Bitcoin-Broadcaster--Educator--Hyper-Bull-e7t06p,en,John Vallis,,Bitcoin Rapid -Fire - episode #21,,,
485,2019-10-07,,"Hass McCook on Energy, the Environment, and Exaltation",audio,https://anchor.fm/john-vallis/episodes/Further-Discussion-Hass-McCook-e6d4ln,en,John Vallis,,Bitcoin Rapid -Fire - episode #16,,,
486,2019-09-27,,Robert Breedlove on Understanding Bitcoin from First Principles,audio,https://citizenbitcoin.world/episodes/robert-breedlove-understanding-time-money-and-bitcoin-from-first-principles,en,Brady Swenson,,Citizen Bitcoin - episode #52,,,
487,2019-09-18,,Raoul Pal on Macroeconomics and Bitcoin as an Alternative,audio,https://anchor.fm/tales-from-the-crypt/episodes/Tales-from-the-Crypt-99-Raoul-Pal-e5edq7,en,Marty Bent,,Tales From The Crypt - episode #99,,,
488,2019-08-07,,"Jameson Lopp on Privacy, Security, and Personal Sovereignty",audio,https://cryptoandgrill.podbean.com/e/bitcoin-privacy-security-and-personal-sovereignty-w-jameson-lopp/,en,"CryptoDantes, Stigofthepump",,Crypto & Grill - episode #35,,,
489,2019-07-29,,Raoul Pal on Global Macro Risks and Bitcoin,audio,https://stephanlivera.com/episode/93/,en,Stephan Livera,,Stephan Livera Podcast - episode #93,,,
490,2019-07-25,,BTCDCA on Dollar Cost Averaging Bitcoin,audio,https://noded.org/podcast/noded-0560-with-btcdca/,en,"Michael Goldstein, Pierre Rochard",,Noded - episode #56,,,
491,2019-07-23,,Conner Brown on the intersubjective nature of Bitcoin,audio,https://anchor.fm/tales-from-the-crypt/episodes/Tales-from-the-Crypt-87-Conner-Brown-e4n9pg,en,Marty Bent,,Tales From The Crypt - episode #87,,,
492,2019-07-21,,"Trace Mayer on Bitcoin Valuation, Trust, and Energy Consumption",audio,https://www.theinvestorspodcast.com/episodes/trace-mayer-bitcoin/,en,"Preston Pysh, Stig Brodersen",,The Investor's Podcast - episode #252,,,
493,2019-06-09,,BTCDCA on Dollar Cost Averaging Bitcoin,audio,https://anchor.fm/podcast-8f267c0/episodes/Dollar-Cost-Average-with-BTCDCA-BEC020-e49o8b,en,Collin,,Bitcoin Echo Chamber - episode #20,,,
494,2019-05-31,,Alex Gladstein on Bitcoin’s Role in the Fight for Human Rights,audio,https://anchor.fm/tales-from-the-crypt/episodes/Tales-from-the-Crypt-76-Alex-Gladstein-e46v9e,en,Marty Bent,,Tales From The Crypt - episode #76,,,
495,2019-05-31,,Giacomo Zucco on Bitcoin's Identity and Copycats,audio,https://stephanlivera.com/episode/75,en,Stephan Livera,,Stephan Livera Podcast - episode #75,,,
496,2019-05-25,,Tuur Demeester - Bitcoin 101,audio,https://www.theinvestorspodcast.com/episodes/tip244-bitcoin-101-tuur-demeester/,en,"Preston Pysh, Stig Brodersen",,The Investor's Podcast - episode #244,,,
497,2019-05-15,,Stephan Livera - Intro to Bitcoin Austrian thought,audio,https://stephanlivera.com/episode/71,en,Stephan Livera,,Stephan Livera Podcast - episode #71,,road.jpg,2
498,2019-05-15,,Ben Prentice on the Bitcoin Spectrum,audio,https://anchor.fm/podcast-8f267c0/episodes/Bitcoin-Spectrum-with-Ben-Prentice-BEC014-e3q18t,en,Collin,,Bitcoin Echo Chamber - episode #14,,bitcoin3.jpg,
499,2019-04-15,,Plan B on Modelling Bitcoin’s Scarcity through Stock-to-Flow Techniques,audio,https://stephanlivera.com/episode/67,en,Stephan Livera,,Stephan Livera Podcast - episode #67,,bitcoin2.jpg,
500,2020-12-17,2021-07-10,Bitcoin: Everything a trade,video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bHAQOevZrI&list=PLOtOSLxXHR-AYC1P7aEmBF5qfdPRs7vVp&index=2,en,"Knut Svanholm, Guy Swann, Ioni Appelberg","money, scarcity","The problem with every incarnation of money that mankind has ever tried is that its value always gets diluted due to inflation. Bitcoin solves this by introducing absolute scarcity. Taken from Knut's book Bitcoin: Sovereignty through mathematics, Chapter One.",,,
501,2020-11-03,2021-07-10,"Bitcoin: Everything there is, divided by 21 million",video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pDlaOGA2ac&list=PLOtOSLxXHR-AYC1P7aEmBF5qfdPRs7vVp&index=3,en,"Knut Svanholm, Guy Swann, Ioni Appelberg","adoption, scarcity","The supply of Bitcoin is fixed at 21 million coins. And Bitcoin is like a black hole, sucking up the value of every other asset class. This means that the value in all other asset classes is being absorbed by those 21 million coins. Imagine everything there is, divided by 21 million.",,,
502,2021,2021-07-10,PRDV151: Bitcoin for Everybody,course,https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=468,en,Stephan Livera,"economics, investment, history, money, technology","Bitcoin represents a new, open internet standard for hard money. Bitcoin is increasingly being adopted as pristine collateral, a longer-term store of value, and unstoppable money. This course will take you through the basics of Bitcoin for beginners: Bitcoin economics, investment, philosophy, and history, as well as its technical and practical components. Once you have completed this course, you will have a basic level of Bitcoin knowledge and be able to start interacting with Bitcoin by buying, receiving, storing, and spending it.",,,
503,2018,2021-07-10,Blockchain and money,course,https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-s12-blockchain-and-money-fall-2018/video-lectures/,en,Gary Gensler,"blockchain, investment","This course is for students wishing to explore blockchain technology's potential use—by entrepreneurs and incumbents—to change the world of money and finance. The course begins with a review of Bitcoin and an understanding of the commercial, technical, and public policy fundamentals of blockchain technology, distributed ledgers, and smart contracts. The class then continues on to current and potential blockchain applications in the financial sector.",,,
504,,2021-07-10,Mooniversity: Digital Cash,course,https://mooniversity.io/courses/digital-cash/pngcoin,en,Justin Moon,"programming, blockchain",Learn how Bitcoin works by building miniature replica of it.,,,
505,,2021-07-10,Mooniversity: Learn To Code,course,https://mooniversity.io/courses/learn-to-code/setup,en,Justin Moon,programming,An introductory coding class for Bitcoin enthusiasts. Zero experience required.,,,
506,,2021-07-10,Mooniversity,collection,https://mooniversity.io,en,Justin Moon,"course, blockchain, programming, verification",Collection of resources and coursees focused on learning how bitcoin works,,,
507,2021-05-24,2021-07-10,Bitcoin: You are not prepared,video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fu-w7gvPpk&list=PLOtOSLxXHR-AYC1P7aEmBF5qfdPRs7vVp&index=4,en,"Knut Svanholm, Guy Swann, Ioni Appelberg","scarcity, mining",It takes the network 90 seconds to create a single new bitcoin. This means that the ENTIRE world will have to fight for this new bitcoin for at least one and a half minute.,,,
508,2021-05-05,2021-07-10,Bitcoin: Why collectivists win,video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5VAX3JL_l90&list=PLOtOSLxXHR-AYC1P7aEmBF5qfdPRs7vVp&index=5,en,"Knut Svanholm, Guy Swann, Ioni Appelberg",independence,"To understand Bitcoin and why you need it, you must first see the world as it truly is and you might not like what you’re about to find out. Taken from Knut's book Bitcoin: Independence Reimagined, Chapter Three.",,,
509,2021-04-12,2021-07-10,Bitcoin and the separation of money and state,video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_9TI4Pzl-RQ&list=PLOtOSLxXHR-AYC1P7aEmBF5qfdPRs7vVp&index=6,en,"Knut Svanholm, Guy Swann, Ioni Appelberg","money, state",The separation of money and state is the most important change to society ever. Why? Let’s rewind the clock and find out.,,,
510,2021-01-02,2021-07-10,Bitcoin's price curve will not be S-shaped,video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7vl_ziH6OJo&list=PLOtOSLxXHR-AYC1P7aEmBF5qfdPRs7vVp&index=7,en,"Knut Svanholm, Guy Swann, Ioni Appelberg","adoption, price","The theory that the price of Bitcoin will ""stabilize"" at some point in the future is very common. But it's wrong. Bitcoin's price curve will have the shape of a ""J"" rather than an ""S"". ",,,
511,,2021-07-10,4K Bitcoin Wallpapers,collection,https://wallpaperaccess.com/4k-bitcoin,en,,"art, design",A collection of the top 33 4K Bitcoin wallpapers and backgrounds available for download for free. We hope you enjoy our growing collection of HD images to use as a background or home screen for your smartphone or computer. ,,,
512,,2021-07-10,BTCdir,collection,https://btcdir.org,en,,,A bit of everything sorted by categories. Bitcoin only,,,
513,,2021-07-10,Scarce City,collection,https://scarce.city/,en,,"auction, art, design, lightning",lightning auctions for fine bitcoin goods,,,
514,,2021-07-10,Petek,collection,https://www.petek.co.uk,en,Petek,"art, design","Where Bitcoin Art goes Moon. Bitcoin, specifically the energy of money, the Moon, and cosmic materials are Petek's muses. She paints with acrylics, pure pigment dust, and rare cosmic materials like meteorites, certified Moon rock and “stardust shavings”, as well as precious metals and minerals from planet Earth – including 22ct gold, silver and diamond dust.",,,
515,,2021-07-10,Bitpaint,collection,https://bitpaint.club/ ,en,Bitpaint,"art, design","I discovered Bitcoin in 2017, it blew my mind in 2018. I’m not a developer so I’ve created Bitcoin Artistic content",,,
516,2021-02-02,2021-07-10,"Decoding The “Bitcoin Full Node Sculpture,” A Cypherpunk Chronometer",article,https://bitcoinmagazine.com/culture/decoding-the-bitcoin-full-node-sculpture-a-cypherpunk-chronometer,en,FractalEncrypt,"art, design, blockchain","The Bitcoin Full Node Sculpture is a cypherpunk chronometer, designed to work as a fully-functioning bitcoin full node and block explorer. Modeled after the ancient navigation tool, the astrolabe, it acts as a compass for the humble bitcoiner to set to true north.",,,
517,,2021-07-10,Bitcoin Art Gallery,collection,https://btcartgallery.com/,en,,"meme, art",A large collection of memes and significant moments in the BTC history,,,
518,2020-12-18,2021-07-10,Building Bitcoin Core,article,https://mooniversity.io/posts/building-bitcoin-core,en,Justin Moon,"programming, technical",To build Bitcoin Core on Unix systems (Linux or MacOS) the docs tell you to do the following. Let's try to figure out what these actually do,,,
519,2020-12-26,2021-07-10,Verify Your Bitcoin Core Download,article,https://mooniversity.io/posts/verify-core,en,Justin Moon,"programming, technical, verification","When you visit bitcoincore.org to download the Bitcoin software, you're greeted with a page like this. If you're like me, you smash the blue ""Download"" button, say a prayer to the Virgin Mary, and hope your bitcoins don't disappear! But there's a better way. That ""Verify release signature"" link is front-and-center for a reason. It helps you prove to yourself that you downloaded the real Bitcoin software. Let's go over how this works so you can more confidently use Bitcoin in the future.",,,
520,2020-12-27,2021-07-10,Reproducible Builds With Gitian (1 of 2),article,https://mooniversity.io/posts/gitian-1,en,Justin Moon,"programming, technical",In the last post we explored the SHA256SUMS.asc file that Bitcoin Core distributes alongside each release to help users verify their downloads. But we had a lingering question: Are we sure the hashes contained in that SHA256SUMS.asc correspond to the Bitcoin Core source code?,,,
521,2020-12-29,2021-07-10,Reproducible Builds With Gitian (2 of 2),article,https://mooniversity.io/posts/gitian-2,en,Justin Moon,"programming, technical, verification","In the last article we explored the problem of reproducibility and the Gitian build environment Bitcoin Core uses to achieve it. We encoutered the gitian.sigs git repository, where anyone can upload signed claims about the correct hashs for different releases of the Bitcoin software. In this post you'll learn to verify your own Bitcoin software downloads against gitian.sigs and learn to submit your own claims. This is a nice way to get involved in Bitcoin Core development. You help increase overall confidence that the software is being built correctly, and familiarity with the command line is the only prerequisite knowledge.",,,
522,,2021-07-10,Billfodl’s BitBonkers,tool,https://privacypros.io/tools/bitbonkers/,en,,"blockchain, visualization",View blocks and transactions in a nice physics model.,,,
523,,2021-07-10,Interaqt,tool,http://bitcoin.interaqt.nl/,en,,"blockchain, visualization",View incoming transactions by size.,,,
524,,2021-07-10,Realtime Bitcoin Globe,tool,https://blocks.wizb.it/#,en,,"blockchain, visualization",View transactions and blocks around the world.,,,
525,,2021-07-10,UTXO Live,tool,https://utxo.live/,en,,"blockchain, visualization",Current UTXO set,,,
526,,2021-07-10,Bitcoin Core development,collection,https://bitcoin.org/en/development,en,,"development, programming, core","Bitcoin Core projects, communities, documentation, etc",,,
527,,2021-07-10,Bitcoin Design,collection,https://bitcoin.design/,en,,"development, programming, design",Open-source design for Bitcoin products.,,,
528,,2021-07-10,Bitcoin Dev Kit,collection,https://bitcoindevkit.org/,en,,"development, programming, design",A collection of tools and libraries,,,
529,,2021-07-10,OpenSats,other,https://opensats.org/,en,OpenSats,funding,"Contribute to, and get funding for, open source Bitcoin projects",,,
530,,2021-07-10,10 Hours of Bitcoin,collection,https://10hoursofbitcoin.com/,en,,education,The fastest path to understanding Bitcoin.,,,
531,,2021-07-10,Bitcoin Dollar Cost Averaging,collection,https://bitcoindollarcostaveraging.com/,en,,education,Why Bitcoin dollar cost averaging?,,,
532,,2021-07-10,Bitcoin Edu,collection,https://bitcoinedu.com/,en,,education,Get off zero,,,
533,,2021-07-10,Bitcoin Is Hope,collection,https://www.hope.com/,en,,education,Free resources for individuals and corporations,,,
534,,2021-07-10,bitrawr,collection,https://www.bitrawr.com/,en,,education,Closing the information gap surrounding Bitcoin,,,
535,,2021-07-10,CoinBeast,collection,https://www.coinbeast.com/,en,,education,Driven by Curiosity. Powered by Bitcoiners.,,,
536,,2021-07-10,Resistance Money,collection,https://www.resistance.money/,en,,education,A Bitcoin research collective,,,
537,,2021-07-10,Bitcoin Magazine,collection,https://bitcoinmagazine.com,en,,magazine,"News, information and expert commentary since 2012",,,
538,,2021-07-10,Citadel21,collection,https://www.citadel21.com/,en,,magazine,Citadel21 is a Bitcoin cultural zine.,,,
539,,2021-07-10,Blockplate,tool,https://www.blockplate.com/,en,,"metal, backup",Centre-punched phrase on a single steel plate,,,
540,,2021-07-10,Cobo Tablet,tool,https://cobo.com/hardware-wallet/cobo-tablet,en,,"metal, backup",Tile-based seed backup,,,
541,,2021-07-10,Coldbit,tool,https://coldbit.com/,en,,"metal, backup",Stamped steel seed phrase storage,,,
542,,2021-07-10,Cryptosteel,tool,https://cryptosteel.com/,en,,"metal, backup",Steel capsule and tile based system,,,
543,,2021-07-10,Seedplate,tool,https://bitcoinmetalbackup.com/,en,,"metal, backup",A single plate of punchable steel,,,
544,,2021-07-10,BTC Times,other,https://www.btctimes.com/,en,,news,Daily coverage of Bitcoin news,,,
545,,2021-07-10,Hodl Hodl News,other,https://news.hodlhodl.com/,en,,news,Bitcoin news with zero fluff,,,
546,,2021-07-10,No Bullshit Bitcoin,other,https://t.me/nobullshitbitcoin/,en,,news,No bullshit bitcoin news desk (Telegram),,,
547,,2021-07-10,Live map of reachable nodes,tool,https://bitnodes.io/nodes/live-map/,en,,node,Live map of reachable nodes.,,,
548,,2021-07-10,Network map of reachable nodes,tool,https://bitnodes.io/nodes/network-map/,en,,node,Network map of reachable nodes.,,,
549,,2021-07-10,Statoshi,tool,https://statoshi.info/,en,,"node, statistics",Realtime bitcoin node stats,,,
550,,2021-07-10,CryptoQuant,tool,https://cryptoquant.com,en,,"analysis, visualization",CryptoQuant on-chain analytics,,,
551,,2021-07-10,Glassnode,tool,https://glassnode.com/,en,,"analysis, visualization",On-chain data and intelligence platform,,,
552,,2021-07-10,Messari,tool,https://messari.io,en,,"analysis, visualization",Messari on-chain analytics,,,
553,,2021-07-10,Bitbo,tool,https://bitbo.io/,en,,"price, dashboard, visualization","On-chain data, live price action, and key economic indicators",,,
554,,2021-07-10,Bitcoinal,tool,https://bitcoinal.com/,en,,"price, dashboard, visualization","Charts incorporating tweets, stats and games.",,,
555,,2021-07-10,Cryptowatch,tool,https://cryptowat.ch/,en,,"price, dashboard, visualization",Live price charts and alerts,,,
556,,2021-07-10,S2F live chart,tool,https://digitalik.net/btc/,en,,"price, dashboard, visualization",Stock To Flow live chart,,,
557,,2021-07-10,S2FX live chart,tool,https://digitalik.net/btc/s2fx,en,,"price, dashboard, visualization",Stock To Flow Cross Asset live chart,,,
558,,2021-07-10,Trading View,tool,https://www.tradingview.com/,en,,"price, dashboard, visualization",Social charting and analysis tools.,,,
559,,2021-07-10,21M,video,https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOtOSLxXHR-AYC1P7aEmBF5qfdPRs7vVp,en,,,Animated educational Bitcoin content,,,
560,,2021-07-10,Banking On Bitcoin,video,https://vimeo.com/226777744,en,Christopher Cannucciari,,,,,
561,,2021-07-10,Bitcoin and Friends,video,https://btcandfriends.com/,en,,,Bitcoin animated series,,,
562,,2021-07-10,BitcoinTV,video,https://bitcointv.com,en,,tv,a citadel of video content for the bitcoin community,,,
563,,2021-07-10,Hard Money,video,https://www.hardmoneyfilm.com/,en,Richard James,film,,,,
564,,2021-07-10,The Anatomy Of Bitcoin,video,https://anatomyofbitcoin.com/,en,,film,"An open-source film, community funded film.",,,
565,,2021-07-10,The Rise and Rise of Bitcoin,video,https://bitcoindoc.com/,en,,film,A feature-length documentary film,,,
566,,2021-07-10,BlueWallet,tool,https://bluewallet.io/,en,,"lightning, wallet",Lightning wallet for iOS & Android,,,
567,,2021-07-10,Breez,tool,https://breez.technology/,en,,"lightning, wallet",Lightning wallet for iOS & Android,,,
568,,2021-07-10,Muun,tool,https://muun.com/,en,,"lightning, wallet",Lightning wallet for iOS & Android,,,
569,,2021-07-10,Bitaps,tool,https://bitaps.com/,en,,"blockchain, visualization",Bitcoin and Bitcoin Testnet,,,
570,,2021-07-10,BlockCypher,tool,https://live.blockcypher.com/,en,,"blockchain, visualization",Bitcoin and Bitcoin Testnet,,,
571,,2021-07-10,Blockstream,tool,https://blockstream.info/,en,,"blockchain, visualization","Bitcoin, Liquid and Bitcoin Testnet",,,
572,,2021-07-10,Aleksandar Svetski,collection,https://svetski.medium.com/,en,Aleksandar Svetski,,Aleksandar Svetski's blog,,,
573,,2021-07-10,The Crypto Sovereignty Project,collection,http://cryptosovereignty.org/,en,Erik Cason,,blog from Erik Cason,,,
574,,2021-07-10,Bitcoiner Jobs,collection,https://bitcoinerjobs.co/,en,,jobs,Helping connect Bitcoiners to Bitcoin-only companies,,,
575,,2021-07-10,BitcoinTalk,other,https://bitcointalk.org/,en,,"discussion, social",The original Bitcoin discussion forum.,,,
576,,2021-07-10,Reddit,other,https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/,en,,"discussion, social",Bitcoin subreddit,,,
577,,2021-07-10,Twitter (#Bitcoin),other,https://twitter.com,en,,"discussion, social",Use the #Bitcoin hashtag,,,
578,,2021-07-10,Bitcoin Rich List,other,https://bitinfocharts.com/top-100-richest-bitcoin-addresses.html,en,,"statistics, blockchain",Top 100 richest bitcoin addresses,,,
579,,2021-07-10,Bitcoin Treasuries,other,https://bitcointreasuries.net/,en,,"corporate, adoption","Company, govt and ETF-like treasury hodlers",,,
580,,2021-07-10,All About BTC,other,https://all-about-btc.creator-spring.com/,en,,merchandising,Bitcoin clothing and accessories,,,
581,,2021-07-10,Bitcoin Gear,other,https://www.bitcoin-gear.com/,en,,merchandising,Clothing and other merch.,,,
582,,2021-07-10,Bitcoin Movement,other,https://www.bitcoinmovement.com/,en,,merchandising,"Clothing for men, women and kids",,,
583,,2021-07-10,BTC Gift Shop,other,https://btcgiftshop.com/,en,,merchandising,"Clothing, accessories, home & living, etc.",,,
584,,2021-07-10,Pirate Hash,other,https://piratehash.com/,en,,merchandising,"Posters, books and more. No Fiat accepted.",,,
585,,2021-07-10,Bitcoin Fixes This,other,https://bitcoinfixesthis.com/,en,,bitcoin-fixes-this,Bitcoin makes the world better,,,
586,,2021-07-10,Bitcoin Lego,other,https://bitcoinofbricks.com/,en,,game,Bitcoin Rollercoaster in lego form,,,
587,,2021-07-10,Bitcoin Obituaries,other,https://99bitcoins.com/bitcoin-obituaries/,en,,obituaries,Bitcoin Is Dead. Again.,,,
588,,2021-07-10,Bitcoin Quotes,other,https://www.bitcoin-quotes.com/,en,,quotes,Random quotes,,,
589,,2021-07-10,Love Is Bitcoin,other,https://loveisbitcoin.com/,en,,dating,Find your Bitcoin love - a Bitcoin dating platform,,,
590,,2021-07-10,Embassy,tool,https://start9.com/,en,,node,Buy or DIY,,,
591,,2021-07-10,Nodl,tool,https://shop.nodl.it,en,,node,The Nodl Box,,,
592,,2021-07-10,The Bitcoin Machine,tool,https://thebitcoinmachines.com/,en,,node,Beautifully made Pi-based node with metal case and LCD screen.,,,
593,,2021-07-10,myNode,tool,https://mynodebtc.com/,en,,"node, software","myNode aims to be the easiest way to run a dedicated, easy to use, Bitcoin Node and Lightning Wallet.",,,
594,,2021-07-10,Umbrel,tool,https://getumbrel.com/,en,,"node, software","Run your personal Bitcoin and Lightning Network node, self-host open source apps.",,,
595,,2021-07-10,Coin360,tool,https://coin360.com/,en,,"price, dashboard, visualization",Price and market capitalization information.,,,
596,,2021-07-10,Fiatleak,tool,https://fiatleak.com/btc,en,,"price, dashboard, visualization",Price and geographic demand information.,,,
597,,2021-07-10,hodl.camp,tool,https://hodl.camp/,en,,"price, dashboard, visualization",Bitcoin entry/exit profitability,,,
598,,2021-07-10,Sats Converter,tool,https://satsconverter.io/,en,,"price, dashboard, visualization","Convert sats to BTC, GBP, USD and Euro",,,
599,,2021-07-10,The Bitcoin Rider,tool,https://www.thebitcoinrider.com/,en,,"price, dashboard, visualization",Riding Bitcoin price since October 2020.,,,
600,,2021-07-10,Blockstream Jade,tool,https://blockstream.com/jade/,en,,"wallet, hardware",Bitcoin and Liquid open-source wallet,,,
601,,2021-07-10,Cobo Vault,tool,https://cobo.com/hardware-wallet/,en,,"wallet, hardware",Bitcoin only firmware available,,,
602,,2021-07-10,Coldcard,tool,https://coldcardwallet.com/,en,,"wallet, hardware",An open & ultra-secure hardware wallet,,,
603,,2021-07-10,Ledger,tool,https://www.ledger.com/,en,,"wallet, hardware",Maker of the Nano S and Nano X,,,
604,,2021-07-10,Trezor,tool,https://trezor.io/,en,,"wallet, hardware",Maker of the One and Model T,,,
605,,2021-07-10,Armory,tool,https://www.bitcoinarmory.com/,en,,"wallet, software","For Windows, Linux, Mac",,,
606,,2021-07-10,BitPay,tool,https://bitpay.com/wallet/,en,,"wallet, software","iOS, Android, Windows and Linux",,,
607,,2021-07-10,BlueWallet,tool,https://bluewallet.io/,en,,"wallet, software",Lightning wallet for iOS & Android,,,
608,,2021-07-10,Breez,tool,https://breez.technology/,en,,"wallet, software",Lightning wallet for iOS & Android,,,
609,,2021-07-10,Electrum,tool,https://electrum.org/,en,,"wallet, software",Electrum was created by Thomas Voegtlin in November 2011.,,,
610,,2021-07-10,Exodus,tool,https://www.exodus.com/,en,,"wallet, software","Wallet for Windows, Mac, Linux, IOS & Android",,,
611,,2021-07-10,Guarda,tool,https://guarda.com/,en,,"wallet, software","For web, windows, Mac, Linux, iOS, Android & Chrome",,,
612,,2021-07-10,Muun,tool,https://muun.com/,en,,"wallet, software",Lightning wallet for iOS & Android,,,
613,,2021-07-10,Mycelium,tool,https://wallet.mycelium.com/,en,,"wallet, software",for Android,,,
614,,2021-07-12,6 Reasons to Withdraw you Bitcoin from Exchanges,article,https://armantheparman.com/withdraw/,en,Arman The Parman,exchanges,"#1 – If your coins are on an exchange, you need permission from the exchange to spend them. In your own custody, you can do whatever you want and pay whoever you want, whenever you want, at the fee you want.",,,
615,,2021-07-12,Bitcoin Storage – Start here – The ZeroTrust System,article,https://armantheparman.com/bitcoin-storage-get-better/,en,Arman The Parman,storage,"This article explains how to improve your bitcoin storage, step by step. I do think the early steps/levels should not be skipped (except level 1), because there is something to learn from each step. For example, people who go straight to a hardware wallet, often don’t understand the function of private keys and are confused about restoring wallets, and how transactions work. They are at risk of getting scammed, and not taking care of their seed phrases properly. They may also succumb to the illusion that having a hardware wallet means you can’t lose your bitcoin. They also tend to not understand the purpose of the hardware wallet (to keep your private keys off the computer).",,,
616,,2021-07-12,Single Signature Storage,guide,https://armantheparman.com/how-to-store-your-bitcoin-detailed-instructions-part-1%e2%80%8a-%e2%80%8abasic/,en,Arman The Parman,signatures,"The best way to store your bitcoin depends on many things such as how much value you have, the convenience you desire, your level of technical ability, and how paranoid you are.",,,
617,,2021-07-12,Using Electrum Desktop Wallet,guide,https://armantheparman.com/using-electrum-desktop-wallet/,en,Arman The Parman,"wallet, electrum","This video shows you how to Download Electrum, Verify gpg signatures, Install, Restore a wallet with a seed phrase, Avoid connecting to a public node on startup, And connecting to your own node.",,,
618,,2021-07-12,Understanding Bitcoin Public and Private Keys,guide,https://armantheparman.com/public-and-private-keys/,en,Arman The Parman,keys,Everyone serious about Bitcoin security should try to understand this diagram,,,
619,,2021-07-12,Make a seed (simplified),guide,https://armantheparman.com/how-to-safely-generate-your-bitcoin-mnemonic-seed-phrases/,en,Arman The Parman,seed,How to safely generate a Bitcoin Mnemonic Seed (Simplified),,,
620,,2021-07-12,Make a Bitcoin Seed Phrase from Scratch (Using Dice),guide,https://armantheparman.com/bitcoin-seed-with-dice/,en,Arman The Parman,seed,"Making your own private key is a great feeling. I’m going to show you how, and keep it easy to follow. Most people will not go to the extreme of doing everything in this guide, but reading it will give some appreciation to how bitcoin storage works, the level of safety that is possible, and just how achievable it is with some planning and effort.",,,
621,,2021-07-12,Memorsie your seed?,guide,https://armantheparman.com/how-to-memorise-your-bitcoin-seed-phrase/,en,Arman The Parman,seed,"“Storing your bitcoin in your head” is a sublime experience, but many people don’t memorise their 12 or 24 word Bitcoin seed phrase.",,,
622,,2021-07-12,Multi-Signature Storage,guide,https://armantheparman.com/how-to-store-your-bitcoin-detailed-instructions-part-2-multi-signature/,en,Arman The Parman,"signatures, multisig","This article will describe how to improve your security using a multi-signature wallet. There are two broad ways to do this. One is to have multiple third parties that you share control of a wallet with, and the other is where you control all of the keys of a wallet, and store them in different locations. The former sacrifices convenience to prevent an attacker extracting your keys through threats of violence. It is also more expensive. The latter is what this article will describe.",,,
623,,2021-07-12,Make an Air-Gapped Computer (Bespoke Hardware Wallet),guide,https://armantheparman.com/how-to-set-up-a-raspberry-pi-zero-air-gapped-with-electrum-desktop-wallet/,en,Arman The Parman,"wallet, hardware","Running a Bitcoin Electrum Wallet on a Raspberry Pi Zero has a number of advantages. First, it doesn’t connect to the internet, has no WiFi access, or Bluetooth access, so you can safely type your seeds into the device.",,,
624,,2021-07-12,Signing Bitcoin PSBTs with QR codes,guide,https://armantheparman.com/psbt/,en,Arman The Parman,"psbt, qr","I was originally going to write about using QR codes for PSBTs on an air-gapped Raspberry Pi Zero, but I’ve expanded to also include a general discussion of PSBTs, specifically using the Electrum Desktop Wallet. Gentle advice: I highly recommend you to learn to use Electrum if you are a serious Bitcoiner. Don’t play exclusively with dumbed down software for the masses.",,,
625,,2021-07-12,How Coinjoin Works,guide,https://armantheparman.com/how-coinjoin-works/,en,Arman The Parman,coinjoin,This is an article about the mechanics of Coinjoin. It’s not about how to use the service providers – that’s another article.,,,
626,,2021-07-12,Bitcoin Inheritance Planing,guide,https://armantheparman.com/bitcoin-inheritance-planing/,en,Arman The Parman,inheritance,"I have devised an elaborate plan which addresses every risk I could imagine, without giving up control of your keys or risking collusion. It took me 6 months of thinking and testing.",,,
627,,2021-07-12,BTCTKVR: Bitcoin Takeover Podcast,podcast,https://bitcoin-takeover.com,en,Vlad Costea,"interviews, technical, philosophy","The idea of the Bitcoin Takeover Podcast came to me after the passing of my grandmother Bălașa, on January 11th 2019. I’m forever grateful for the years she spent raising me and teaching me to be a decent human being. She always wanted me to be independent and free, and I hope that through this work I’m making her proud.",,,
628,,2021-07-12,A Not Too Technical Overview of This Bitcoin Thing,article,https://armantheparman.com/a-not-too-technical-overview-of-this-bitcoin-thing/,en,Arman The Parman,general,An overview of the Bitcoin protocol for beginners,,,
629,,2021-07-12,The Mother of all Orange Pills,article,https://armantheparman.com/moaop/,en,Arman The Parman,"adoption, orange-pill","I’ve “Orange Pilled” about 50 people one-on-one over the last two years. Now I’d like to see if I can put it in writing, and Orange Pill the remaining 7 billion.",,,
630,,2021-07-12,Bitcoin Syllabus,collection,https://armantheparman.com/the-definitive-bitcoin-syllabus/,en,Arman The Parman,authors,"This is a succinct as possible list that I endorse to refer interested “precoiners” to. It will help them learn the correct information as quick as possible, and avoid seductive narratives from shitcoiners and scammers. I may update the list from time to time.",,,
631,2020-03-20,2021-07-12,What is the True Value of Bitcoin?,article,https://armantheparman.com/what-is-the-true-value-of-bitcoin/,en,Arman The Parman,value,"In this article, I will attempt the difficult task of explaining how to value, or price, Bitcoin. However, I will discuss the topic at a fundamental level. This is not a technical analysis.",,,
632,,2021-07-12,Fundamentals of Price,article,https://armantheparman.com/the-fundamentals-of-bitcoins-price/,en,Arman The Parman,"value, price",One of the unique things about Bitcoin is that its supply and demand can actually be teased out and measured. ,,,
633,,2021-07-12,How To Buy Bitcoin,guide,https://armantheparman.com/howtobuybitcoin/,en,Arman The Parman,exchanges,"This article shows you how to buy bitcoin from an exchange, using Bitaroo as an example. There are however, many different ways to get bitcoin. Below are all the ways that I could think of, each with different trade offs and levels of privacy",,,
634,,2021-07-12,How to Time Your Bitcoin Purchase,guide,https://armantheparman.com/how-to-time-your-bitcoin-purchase/,en,Arman The Parman,price,"So you decided to buy bitcoin but don’t know how much to put in and when? You’ve come to the right place – No one can tell you how much to put in, but I can help you decide how to decide.",,,
635,,2021-07-12,Why Bitcoin Only,article,https://armantheparman.com/why-bitcoin-only/,en,Arman The Parman,maximalism,"This is a reply to a comment in YouTube I wrote in a fit of insomnia at 3am. It was surprisingly coherent and expresses my thoughts on why altcoins should not be accumulated, and you should buy bitcoin only. ",,,
636,,2021-07-12,January 3 – Proof of Keys Day,article,https://armantheparman.com/proof-of-keys-day/,en,Arman The Parman,keys,"On January 3, the anniversary of the first Bitcoin Block, Bitcoiners perform the ritual of withdrawing our bitcoin from custodial services to our own private wallets. This event was created by the infamous Trace Mayer, who is now a fallen hero.",,,
637,,2021-07-12,Riding in Boats with Bitcoiners,article,https://armantheparman.com/riding-in-boats-with-bitcoiners/,en,Arman The Parman,satire,"I’ve wanted to contribute to this wonderful magazine for long time, but my technical articles were not really suitable. So one day, incredibly bored in a hospital bed, I furiously wrote this satire piece for half a day, all the while laughing out loud to myself, looking like a fool to the other patients and nurses around me!",,,
638,,2021-07-12,6 reasons to run a node,guide,https://armantheparman.com/why-should-you-run-your-own-bitcoin-node/,en,Arman The Parman,node,Let me explain quickly that a Bitcoin Node is a piece of software (Bitcoin Core) that has some important jobs…,,,
639,,2021-07-12,MyNode Setup Guide,guide,https://armantheparman.com/mynode-bitcoin-node-easy-setup-guide-raspberry-pi/,en,Arman The Parman,"node, mynode",Running a node is part of the process of growing up as a Bitcoiner. I assume it is often a stage that people get stuck at because it seems so daunting. This guide will hopefully be straightforward to follow. ,,,
640,,2021-07-12,Parman’s Raspiblitz Setup Guide,guide,https://armantheparman.com/raspiblitz/,en,Arman The Parman,"node, raspiblitz","The Raspiblitz is an excellent system for running a Bitcoin Node and associated apps. I recommend this and the My Node node to most users (Have two nodes for redundancy ideally.) One major advantage is that the Raspiblitz node is “Free Open Source Software”, unlike MyNode or Umbrel.",,,
641,,2021-07-12,Headless Raspberry Pi with WiFi,guide,https://armantheparman.com/headless-wifi/,en,Arman The Parman,"node, raspberry","There are some people who my need to run a node with a wireless connection rather than an ethernet cable. This article is for them. “Headless” means no monitor/keyboard/mouse, not the fact that WiFi is being used. This article describes using both the HEADLESS and WIFI combination.",,,
642,,2021-07-12,Raspberry Pi: Core + Electrum (with EPS),guide,https://armantheparman.com/bitcoin-core-and-electrum-personal-server-electrum-wallet-on-a-raspberry-pi/,en,Arman The Parman,"node, raspberry","This article explains how to set up Raspbian OS (Variant of Debian Linux) on a Raspberry Pi, how to install Bitcoin Core, Electrum Personal Server (EPS), and Electrum Desktop Wallet, and then privately connect the Wallet to Bitcoin Core via EPS.",,,
643,,2021-07-12,Mac: Core + Electrum (with EPS),guide,https://armantheparman.com/bitcoin-core-full-node-on-mac-os-with-electrum-personal-server-and-electrum-desktop-wallet/,en,Arman The Parman,"node, desktop","This article explains how to set up Bitcoin Core, Electrum Personal Server (EPS), and Electrum Desktop Wallet, and then privately connect the Wallet to Bitcoin Core via EPS.",,,
644,,2021-07-12,Node with Windows and VirtualBox/Linux,guide,https://armantheparman.com/run-a-bitcoin-node-with-windows-and-virtualbox-linux/,en,Arman The Parman,"node, desktop",This article is for people who don’t want to buy a Raspberry Pi and have an old windows computer they can use to run a Bitcoin Node. ,,,
645,,2021-07-12,Connect Electrum to Node (with video),guide,https://armantheparman.com/connect-electrum-desktop-wallet-to-your-bitcoin-node/,en,Arman The Parman,"node, electrum, desktop","I will show you how to connect an Electrum Desktop Wallet to your Bitcoin Node. First you will need an Electrum Server running. There are many types of Electrum Servers. In my articles above, I include instructions on how to install Electrum Personal Server, but there is also Electrum Server in Rust, and Electrum X/Spesmilo. The original Electrum X is no longer supported.",,time.jpg,
646,,2021-07-12,Connect Electrum to Your Node Via Tor,guide,https://armantheparman.com/tor/,en,Arman The Parman,"node, electrum, tor","Connecting your Electrum Desktop Wallet to you own Node is a massive achievement. There are so many steps, so much can go wrong, and so much background knowledge is required to avoid having a bad time. For most people there’s always going to be errors. ",,money-burning-inflation.jpg,
647,,2021-07-12,Insanely Bullish Bitcoin Content,collection,https://armantheparman.com/insanely-bullish/,en,Arman The Parman,bullish,"This is a collection of links that are insanely bullish, but may not be the best things to show a pre-coiner or a brand new Bitcoiner. It is not exhaustive. It was created in February 2021 and shall grow with time. Bullishness alone is not enough to make the cut. It must be INSANELY bullish.",,bitcoin1.jpg,
648,,2021-07-12,Threats to Bitcoin and FUD debunked,collection,https://armantheparman.com/fud/,en,Arman The Parman,fud,This is definitely not exhaustive but I will add to this list when I can.,,bull.jpg,
649,,2021-07-12,Articles/Videos with my Comments,collection,https://armantheparman.com/content-reviews/,en,Arman The Parman,,"This will be a growing list of content (articles, podcasts, videos etc) in random order that I have absorbed, and believe have value, sometimes followed by some commentary.",,freedom.jpg,
650,,2021-07-12,Q and A,guide,https://armantheparman.com/qa/,en,Arman The Parman,qa,A list of common questions and answers concerning Bitcoin,,Bitcoin-blue.jpg,
651,,2021-07-12,The 10 Commandments of good Bitcoining,guide,https://armantheparman.com/the-10-commandments-of-good-bitcoining/,en,Arman The Parman,commandments,The 10 commandments of good bitcoining,,woman-sitting-mountain.jpg,
652,,2021-07-12,Good Bitcoin Conjoin Habits,guide,https://armantheparman.com/good-bitcoin-conjoin-habits-with-samurai-whirlpool/,en,Arman The Parman,"coinjoin, whirpool","Privacy is important and a basic human right. It is not just for criminals. If you don’t agree, this article is not for you.",,privacy.jpg,
653,,2021-07-12,Why S2F model works,guide,https://armantheparman.com/why-should-plan-bs-s2f-model-work/,en,Arman The Parman,s2f,"We can then understand reality. Reality is a combination of Scenario A and Scenario B. Bitcoin started purely at scenario A. But as the bitcoin subsidy reduces over time, and the stock of bitcoin held increases relative to the new supply, Scenario B dominates more and more over Scenario A. This is what Plan B’s stock to flow model is describing.",,colosseum.jpg,
654,,2021-07-12,SHA 256 and GPG,guide,https://armantheparman.com/gpg/,en,Arman The Parman,"sha256, gpg","Bitcoiners don’t trust, they verify, and they do their best to remain private. So, understanding some basics of GPG is crucial. GPG is a gift, just like Bitcoin – it’s worth your time to learn a little. ",,bitcoin5.jpg,
655,,2021-07-12,How to Calculate Bitcoin Mining Profitability,guide,https://armantheparman.com/how-to-calculate-bitcoin-mining-profitability/,en,Arman The Parman,mining,Mining bitcoin is not profitable for the average Bitcoiner. But it might be a feasible way to acquire KYC free bitcoin for some. It’s like buying KYC free coins and paying a premium.,,story.jpg,
656,,2021-07-12,Stop saying Bitcoin is Too Slow,guide,https://armantheparman.com/stop-saying-bitcoin-is-too-slow/,en,Arman The Parman,slow,"When someone gives 100,000,000 USD to someone else, that person’s bank eventually hires a bullet proof truck with two security guards with guns, and they move 100,000,000 of cash or gold to another bank. It’s expensive; it’s slow. I’m not a banker, I don’t know if they would wait for larger imbalances between banks before physical re-balancing of money. The point is, for large amounts, IOUs on a computer screen is insufficient. Physical delivery would be demanded. THAT is final settlement. It’s physical, and no-one owes anyone anything. It’s final.",,time.jpg,
657,,2021-07-12,What is Wealth?,guide,https://armantheparman.com/what-is-wealth/,en,Arman The Parman,"value, wealth","Wealth is a societal agreement of your rank in the ownership of all available goods and services.To explore concepts, I like to test the extremes. Think of the extreme of world dominating wealth for a moment. The type that would leave everyone else impoverished. How can this sort of wealth be achieved?",,money-burning-inflation.jpg,
658,,2021-07-12,Bitcoin Hashrate Follows Price or Price Follows Hashrate?,guide,https://armantheparman.com/hashrate/,en,Arman The Parman,"hashrate, price","It’s intuitive to me that the Bitcoin hashrate movements are anchored to price, not the other way around. The price moves and the hashrate naturally follows due to market forces. But sometimes we see the hashrate moving first. Why is that? Hash rate moving first is mathematically equal to new demand. I’ll explain why this is the case here.",,bitcoin1.jpg,
659,,2021-07-12,Parman’s General Approach to Orange Pilling,article,https://armantheparman.com/orangepill/,en,Arman The Parman,"adoption, orange-pill","When failing to Orange Pill very resistant people, usually it’s not because you are explaining it wrong. They are just not ready, it’s not your fault. They’ll come back to you later. I know you’re thinking it, but don’t say, “have fun staying poor” to your friends. You want them to come back to you, learn, buy bitcoin, and join you in the citadel, instead of begging you for sats later.",,bull.jpg,
660,2017-07-07,2021-07-12,But how does bitcoin actually work?,video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBC-nXj3Ng4,en,3Blue1Brown,general,The math behind cryptocurrencies.,,bitcoin4.jpg,
661,2021-07-01,2021-07-13,Bitcoin DeFi: Stacks Explained,article,https://danheld.substack.com/p/bitcoin-defi-stacks-explained,en,Dan Held,defi,"Building DeFi on top of Bitcoin makes sense as the base layer is the most unchanging, trustworthy, and decentralized blockchain to build upon.",,,
662,2021-05-28,2021-07-13,Inflation is coming,article,https://danheld.substack.com/p/inflation-is-coming-0a6,en,Dan Held,inflation,The US just hit a 13-year high inflation rate. This was unexpected by policymakers and economists. What does this mean for Bitcoin?,,,
663,2021-04-29,2021-07-13,Revisiting The Bitcoin Supercycle,article,https://danheld.substack.com/p/revisiting-the-bitcoin-supercycle,en,Dan Held,supercycle,[This is the once a monthy free Held Report newsletter]Most readers will remember my popular article “A Bitcoin supercycle” that I wrote in December 20…,,,
664,2021-04-01,2021-07-13,How to store your Bitcoin,article,https://danheld.substack.com/p/how-to-store-your-bitcoin,en,Dan Held,storage,"A question I often get is “Where should I store my Bitcoin?” This is a complex question that I’ve explored extensively over the last 8 years HODLing, b…",,,
665,2021-03-04,2021-07-13,Bitcoin vs Ethereum,article,https://danheld.substack.com/p/bitcoin-vs-ethereum,en,Dan Held,ethereum,"I often get asked ""Why Bitcoin vs Ethereum."" This article sets out to define my thoughts on the difference between the two, and why I think Bitcoin rep…",,,
666,2021-02-11,2021-07-13,Bitcoin And The Rise Of The Megacorp,article,https://danheld.substack.com/p/bitcoin-and-the-rise-of-the-megacorp,en,Dan Held,"corporate, adoption","Wrote while listening to this song, which I felt matched the vibe of the newsletter (Part of the playlist called “Cerebral” that I’ve curated over 20 y…",,,
667,2021-01-28,2021-07-13,The Rebellion Begins,article,https://danheld.substack.com/p/the-rebellion-begins,en,Dan Held,revolution,"""They showed themselves, the top 1% of the 1%, the ones in control, the ones who play God without permission. And now I'm gonna take them down."" - Elli…",,,
668,2021-01-14,2021-07-13,Why Silicon Valley Doesn't Get Bitcoin,article,https://danheld.substack.com/p/why-silicon-valley-doesnt-get-bitcoin,en,Dan Held,hfsp,"Over the last 12 years of it’s existence, Bitcoin has been misunderstood by Silicon Valley which has led to many cringe worthy moments as they’ve endor…",,,
669,2021-01-07,2021-07-13,Fear and Bitcoin,article,https://danheld.substack.com/p/fear-and-bitcoin,en,Dan Held,fear,"Whenever Bitcoin has a bull run, naysayers try to cope with missing the boat by rationalizing why it will fail through “Fear, Uncertainty, and Doubt” o…",,,
670,2020-12-31,2021-07-13,Bitcoin: a bold new world.,article,https://danheld.substack.com/p/bitcoin-a-bold-new-world,en,Dan Held,adoption,An old system crumbles Satoshi published the whitepaper on 10/31/2008. Right at the moment of peak despair during the 2008 financial crisis. Trust had …,,,
671,2020-12-24,2021-07-13,A Bitcoin Supercycle,article,https://danheld.substack.com/p/a-bitcoin-supercycle,en,Dan Held,supercycle,You probably first heard of Bitcoin in 2013 or 2017 when friends and family were talking about the wild swings in price. Bitcoin’s market cycle is typi…,,,
672,2020-12-17,2021-07-13,Bitcoin vs Gold,article,https://danheld.substack.com/p/bitcoin-vs-gold,en,Dan Held,gold,"All hail the new king Over the last 4,000 years, gold has reigned as the world recognized store of value. From being used to preserve the wealth of Egy…",,,
673,2020-12-10,2021-07-13,Bitcoin's Perfect Monetary Policy,article,https://danheld.substack.com/p/bitcoins-perfect-monetary-policy,en,Dan Held,money,"Prices reflect information “In a free market economic system, prices are knowledge, and the signals that communicate information. Prices are not simply…",,,
674,2020-12-03,2021-07-13,Bitcoin Privacy,article,https://danheld.substack.com/p/bitcoin-privacy,en,Dan Held,privacy,“Arguing that you don’t care about privacy because you have nothing to hide is like arguing that you don’t care about free speech because you have noth…,,,
675,2020-11-26,2021-07-13,The Rise and Fall of Crypto Narratives,article,https://danheld.substack.com/p/the-rise-and-fall-of-crypto-narratives,en,Dan Held,shitcoins,Narratives weave the reality around us Beliefs are not only shaped by reality,,,
676,2020-11-19,2021-07-13,Can governments kill Bitcoin?,article,https://danheld.substack.com/p/can-governments-kill-bitcoin,en,Dan Held,government,"From the movie “V for Vendetta” You can’t kill an idea. Bitcoin extends beyond just code, it’s a mindset. People who understand and buy into Bitcoin ha…",,,
677,2020-11-12,2021-07-13,The Final Boss: Bitcoin vs Central Bank Digital Currencies,article,https://danheld.substack.com/p/the-final-boss-bitcoin-vs-central,en,Dan Held,government,Background What is a CBDC? It’s a digital currency issued by the central bank that enables consumers and businesses to directly interface with it. Righ…,,,
678,2020-11-07,2021-07-13,Bitcoin FUD,article,https://danheld.substack.com/p/bitcoin-fud,en,Dan Held,fud,"A deep dive into the cognitive dissonance of nocoiners, and the ridiculous double standard they have for Bitcoin.",,,
679,2019-12-27,2021-07-13,Information Theory of Money,article,https://danheld.substack.com/p/the-information-theory-of-money,en,Dan Held,"information, money","Prices reflect information “In a free market economic system, prices are knowledge, and the signals that communicate information. Prices are not simply…",,,
680,2019-11-18,2021-07-13,Bitcoin Minimalism,article,https://danheld.substack.com/p/bitcoin-minimalism,en,Dan Held,maximalism,"Bitcoin Minimalism is a lifestyle that helps people question what things add value to their lives. An article by Conner Brown and myself, with other Bi…",,,
681,2019-01-23,2021-07-13,Quantum Narratives,article,https://danheld.substack.com/p/quantum-narratives,en,Dan Held,quantum,The rise and fall of crypto narratives I’ve paired a song with this article because I think it fits the feel of the piece and adds additional depth. If…,,,
682,2019-01-07,2021-07-13,Planting Bitcoin — Species (1/4),article,https://danheld.substack.com/p/planting-bitcoinspecies-14,en,Dan Held,adoption,"Foreword I wrote this series, “Planting Bitcoin”, to paint the origin story of Bitcoin leading up to the 10 year anniversary (10/31/2018). I felt that …",,,
683,2019-01-07,2021-07-13,Planting Bitcoin - Season,article,https://danheld.substack.com/p/planting-bitcoin-seasonnbsp24,en,Dan Held,adoption,Central Banks and the 2008 Financial Crisis “The root problem with conventional currency is all the trust that’s required to make it work. The central …,,,
684,2019-01-07,2021-07-13,Planting Bitcoin — Soil (3/4),article,https://danheld.substack.com/p/planting-bitcoinsoil-34,en,Dan Held,adoption,"Cypherpunks Sending the Bitcoin whitepaper to the cryptography mailing list on October 31, 2008 was the obvious choice. This was the right group to gat…",,,
685,2019-01-07,2021-07-13,Planting Bitcoin - Gardening (4/4),article,https://danheld.substack.com/p/planting-bitcoin-gardening-44,en,Dan Held,adoption,"Introduction In my last article, “Soil,” I covered the Cypherpunks or the “Soil” in which he planted the Bitcoin seed giving it the best chance for sur…",,,
686,2019-01-07,2021-07-13,HODLers are the Revolutionaries,article,https://danheld.substack.com/p/hodlers-are-the-revolutionaries,en,Dan Held,hodl,My reflections on the important role hodlers play in developing Bitcoin’s network (and other cryptocurrency networks). “In the beginning of a change th…,,,
687,,2021-07-14,Whirpool fee calculator,tool,https://www.whirlpoolfees.com/,en,Bitcoin Guides,"coinjoin, whirpool",Tool to help Whirlpool users calculate their fees prior to mixing,,,
688,07 Jul 2021,2021-07-15,Passport 101,guide,https://bitcoiner.guide/passport,en,BitcoinQ+A,wallet,Basic explainer on setting up and using Passport HWW,,,
689,2021-04-13,2021-07-15,Specter Desktop 101,guide,https://bitcoiner.guide/specter,en,BitcoinQ+A,wallet,Basic explainer on setting up and using Specter desktop wallet,,,
690,2021-05-21,2021-07-15,Sparrow Wallet 101,guide,https://bitcoiner.guide/sparrow,en,BitcoinQ+A,wallet,Basic explainer on setting up and using Sparrow desktop wallet,,,
691,2020-09-01,2021-07-15,Sentinel 101,guide,https://bitcoiner.guide/sentinel,en,BitcoinQ+A,wallet,Basic explainer on setting up and using Sentinel ‘watch only’ wallet,,,
692,2020-07-11,2021-07-15,Blue Wallet 101,guide,https://bitcoiner.guide/blue,en,BitcoinQ+A,wallet,Basic explainer on setting up and using Blue Wallet,,,
693,2020-07-06,2021-07-15,Zap 101,guide,https://bitcoiner.guide/zap,en,BitcoinQ+A,wallet,Basic explainer on setting up and using Zap,,,
694,2020-07-03,2021-07-15,Coldcard 101,guide,https://bitcoiner.guide/coldcard,en,BitcoinQ+A,wallet,Basic explainer on setting up and using a Coldcard,,,
695,2020-06-12,2021-07-15,Zeus 101,guide,https://bitcoiner.guide/zeus,en,BitcoinQ+A,wallet,Basic explainer on setting up and using Zeus,,,
696,2020-06-11,2021-07-15,OpenDime 101,guide,https://bitcoiner.guide/opendime,en,BitcoinQ+A,wallet,Basic explainer on setting up and using an an Opendime,,,
697,2020-05-01,2021-07-15,Samourai Wallet 101,guide,https://bitcoiner.guide/samourai,en,BitcoinQ+A,wallet,Basic explainer of Samourai Wallet,,,
698,2020-07-30,2021-07-15,Migrating your Samourai Wallet to RoninDojo,guide,https://bitcoiner.guide/rdmigrate,en,BitcoinQ+A,node,Connect or migrating Samourai Wallet to RoninDojo guide,,,
699,2020-06-07,2021-07-15,RoninDojo 101,guide,https://bitcoiner.guide/ronindojo,en,BitcoinQ+A,node,Feature breakdown of RoninDojo,,,
700,2020-05-24,2021-07-15,Rescanning XPUBs using DMT,guide,https://bitcoiner.guide/dojo,en,BitcoinQ+A,node,Guide to restore balances using Dojo Maintenance Tool,,,
701,2020-05-16,2021-07-15,myNode 101,guide,https://bitcoiner.guide/mynode,en,BitcoinQ+A,node,Feature breakdown of myNode,,,
702,2021-01-10,2021-07-15,Verifying Software 101,guide,https://bitcoiner.guide/verifysoftware,en,BitcoinQ+A,security,Guide to help users verify the software they download,,,
703,2020-12-12,2021-07-15,10 ways to lose your bitcoin,guide,https://bitcoiner.guide/lostbitcoin,en,BitcoinQ+A,security,Tips for newcomers to avoid losing their bitcoin,,,
704,2021-03-11,2021-07-15,CalyxOS 101,guide,https://bitcoiner.guide/calyxos,en,BitcoinQ+A,privacy,Explainer on CalyxOS and installation walkthrough,,,
705,2021-03-02,2021-07-15,PayNyms 101,guide,https://bitcoiner.guide/paynym,en,BitcoinQ+A,privacy,Explainer on BIP47 PayNyms,,,
706,2020-06-26,2021-07-15,10 Tips For Interacting With Bitcoin More Privately,guide,https://bitcoiner.guide/privacytips,en,BitcoinQ+A,privacy,Simple privacy tips for interacting with Bitcoin,,,
707,2020-06-20,2021-07-15,Your First Mobile Coinjoin,guide,https://bitcoiner.guide/mobilecoinjoin,en,BitcoinQ+A,privacy,Guide for using Whirlpool on mobile,,,
708,2020-06-15,2021-07-15,Dealing With Coinjoin Change Outputs,guide,https://bitcoiner.guide/doxxic,en,BitcoinQ+A,privacy,Tips on ways to deal with change outputs from Coinjoins,,,
709,2020-05-03,2021-07-15,Samourai Wallet Cold Storage Implications,guide,https://bitcoiner.guide/csimplications,en,BitcoinQ+A,privacy,Explainer on the considerations required when spending to cold storage,,,
710,2020-09-11,2021-07-15,Creating A Buy Offer On Hodl Hodl,guide,https://bitcoiner.guide/hodlhodloffer,en,BitcoinQ+A,no-kyc,Guide for creating a buy offer using Hodl Hodl,,,
711,2020-08-04,2021-07-15,10 Steps To Your First no-KYC Bitcoin (Hodl Hodl),guide,https://bitcoiner.guide/hodlhodl,en,BitcoinQ+A,no-kyc,Guide for purchasing bitcoin on Hodl Hodl,,,
712,2020-06-08,2021-07-15,10 Steps To Your First no-KYC Bitcoin,guide,https://bitcoiner.guide/bisq,en,BitcoinQ+A,no-kyc,Guide for purchasing bitcoin on Bisq,,,
713,2021-06-09,,Bitcoin: Orange is the new green,video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0YBOyI8ptE&list=PLOtOSLxXHR-AYC1P7aEmBF5qfdPRs7vVp&index=8,en,"Knut Svanholm, Guy Swann, Ioni Appelberg",energy,None of the energy used for bitcoin mining goes to waste. It’s encapsulated forever in cryptographic amber.,,,
714,2019-02-26,,Misir Mahmudov on the Scarcity of Time and Bitcoin,audio,https://anchor.fm/tales-from-the-crypt/episodes/Tales-from-the-Crypt-60-Misir-Mahmudov-e3aibh,en,Marty Bent,,Tales From The Crypt - episode #60,,time.jpg,
715,2019-02-05,,Jörg Guido Hülsmann on Fiat Money and Fractional Reserve Banking,audio,https://stephanlivera.com/episode/51,en,Stephan Livera,,Stephan Livera Podcast - episode #51,,money-burning-inflation.jpg,2
716,2019-01-22,,Pierre Rochard on Hyperbitcoinization and Bitcoin Maximalism,audio,https://hiddenforces.io/podcasts/hyperbitcoinization-pierre-rochard/,en,Demetri Kofinas,,Hidden Forces - episode #75,,bitcoin1.jpg,
717,2019-01-18,,Bitcoin Tina on Why he is Bullish on Bitcoin,audio,https://anchor.fm/tales-from-the-crypt/episodes/Tales-from-the-Crypt-55-BitcoinTINA-aka-Rick-Flex-e2vpt9,en,Marty Bent,,Tales From The Crypt - episode #55,,bull.jpg,
718,2018-11-21,,Peter Van Valkenburg on Preserving the Freedom to Innovate with Public Blockchains,audio,https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/coin-centers-peter-van-valkenburg-on-preserving-the-freedom-to-innovate-with-public-blockchains,en,Peter McCormack,,What Bitcoin Did - episode #49,,freedom.jpg,
719,2018-06-27,,Murad Mahmudov on Bitcoin as the World Reserve Currency,audio,https://anchor.fm/tales-from-the-crypt/episodes/Tales-from-the-Crypt-34-Murad-Mahmudov-e1qndn,en,Marty Bent,,Tales From The Crypt - episode #34,,Bitcoin-blue.jpg,
720,2018-05-22,,Jameson Lopp on Freedom-Enabling Technologies like Bitcoin,audio,https://anchor.fm/tales-from-the-crypt/episodes/Tales-from-the-Crypt-29-Jameson-Lopp-e1qndr,en,Marty Bent,,Tales From The Crypt - episode #29,,privacy.jpg,
721,2017-12-18,,Matt Corallo on how Everyone is Ignorant when it comes to Bitcoin,audio,https://anchor.fm/tales-from-the-crypt/episodes/Tales-from-the-Crypt-7-Matt-Corallo-Pt--II-e1qneh,en,Marty Bent,,Tales From The Crypt - episode #7,,woman-sitting-mountain.jpg,
722,2017-12-02,,Saifedean Ammous on Bitcoin as Sound Money,audio,https://noded.org/podcast/noded-030-with-saifedean-ammous/,en,"Michael Goldstein, Pierre Rochard",,Noded - episode #3,,colosseum.jpg,
723,2017-06-04,,Nick Szabo on Bitcoin and Social Scalability (with Naval Ravikant),audio,https://tim.blog/2017/06/04/nick-szabo/,en,Tim Ferris,,The Tim Ferris Show - episode #244,,bitcoin5.jpg,2
724,2017-04-30,,The stories we tell about money,video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ONvg9SbauMg,en,Andreas M. Antonopoulos,money,"In this talk, Andreas recounts the history of Bitcoin and what it represents, building upon all the stories we've been told over the centuries about what ""money"" is, how we perceive its value, and why the old answers have changed as we adjust to this new world of digital peer-to-peer currencies. He also discusses global threats to economic stability and trust in the financial system, including demonetisation and wealth destruction through inflation.",,story.jpg,2
725,2020-12-19,2021-07-14,Bitcoin is the Great Definancialization,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoin-is-the-great-definancialization,en,Parker Lewis,money,"What that future looks like exactly, no one knows, but bitcoin will definancialize the economy, and it will no doubt be a renaissance.",,,
726,2020-08-27,2021-07-14,Bitcoin is One for All,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoin-is-one-for-all,en,Parker Lewis,maximalism,"Whereas the dollar (and other fiat currencies) are one for a few in the short-term and all for none in the long-term, bitcoin is one for all, now and in the future, because it fixes the economic foundation for everyone.",,,
727,2020-05-01,2021-07-14,Bitcoin is Common Sense,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoin-is-common-sense,en,Parker Lewis,money,There may be debate but bitcoin is the inevitable path forward. Time makes more converts than reason.,,,
728,2020-03-26,2021-07-14,Bitcoin is a Rally Cry,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoin-is-a-rally-cry,en,Parker Lewis,money,"No matter how many cycles of quantitative easing the Fed and its global counterparts have in their bag of tricks, bitcoin is inevitably becoming a rallying cry for all those that see the train wreck coming and are unwilling to stand idly by.",,,
729,2020-01-24,2021-07-14,Bitcoin Obsoletes All Other Money,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoin-obsoletes-all-other-money,en,Parker Lewis,money,"Bitcoin obsoletes all other money because economic systems converge on a single currency, and bitcoin has the most credible monetary properties.",,,
730,2019-11-29,2021-07-14,Bitcoin is Not for Criminals,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoin-is-not-for-criminals,en,Parker Lewis,criminals,"We accept the good with the bad, recognizing that due to the very nature of bitcoin, we do not get to decide. There are always trade-offs, and in this case, that bitcoin will unavoidably be used for illicit purposes is the trade-off we gladly accept in exchange for the economic stability that an unmanipulable global currency will provide.",,,
731,2019-11-08,2021-07-14,Bitcoin Cannot Be Banned,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoin-cannot-be-banned,en,Parker Lewis,ban,Banning bitcoin is a fool’s errand. Some will try all will fail. And the very attempts to ban bitcoin will accelerate its adoption and proliferation.,,,
732,2019-10-18,2021-07-14,Bitcoin is Not a Pyramid Scheme,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoin-is-not-a-pyramid-scheme,en,Parker Lewis,scam,[Bitcoin] will only proliferate if it creates utility for those that adopt it.,,,
733,2019-09-27,2021-07-14,Bitcoin is Not Backed by Nothing,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoin-is-not-backed-by-nothing,en,Parker Lewis,backed-by-nothing,"Ultimately, bitcoin is backed by something, and it’s the only thing that backs any money: the credibility of its monetary properties.",,colosseum.jpg,1
734,2019-09-06,2021-07-14,"Bitcoin, Not Blockchain",article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoin-not-blockchain,en,Parker Lewis,blockchain,"Every other fiat currency, commodity money or cryptocurrency is competing for the exact same use case as bitcoin whether it is understood or not, and monetary systems tend to a single medium because their utility is liquidity rather than consumption or production.",,,
735,2019-08-30,2021-07-14,Bitcoin Fixes This,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoin-fixes-this,en,Parker Lewis,,Could the whole apparatus of central bank policy be the root cause of the problem rather than the ever-elusive solution?,,,
736,2019-08-23,2021-07-14,Bitcoin is Not Too Slow,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoin-is-not-too-slow,en,Parker Lewis,speed,"If a global financial system is to be built on a decentralized monetary system, the foundation must be protected at all cost.",,,
737,2019-08-16,2021-07-14,Bitcoin Does Not Waste Energy,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoin-does-not-waste-energy,en,Parker Lewis,energy,Put a price on economic stability and the economic freedom a stable monetary system provides that is the true justification for the amount of energy bitcoin should and will consume. Everything else is a distraction.,,,
738,2019-08-09,2021-07-14,Bitcoin is Not Too Volatile,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoin-is-not-too-volatile,en,Parker Lewis,volatility,"Volatility in bitcoin is the natural function of monetary adoption and this volatility ultimately strengthens the resilience of the bitcoin network, driving long-term stability. Variation is information.",,,
739,2019-08-02,2021-07-14,Bitcoin Can't Be Copied,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoin-cant-be-copied,en,Parker Lewis,,Those that attempt to copy bitcoin signal a failure to understand the properties that make bitcoin valuable or viable as money.,,,
740,2019-07-26,2021-07-14,"Gradually, Then Suddenly",article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/gradually-then-suddenly,en,Parker Lewis,adoption,Bitcoin exists as a solution to the money problem that is global QE.,,,
741,2019-09-25,2021-07-14,Bitcoin Equals Freedom,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoin-equals-freedom,en,Ross Ulbricht,money,"Bitcoin was consciously, yet spontaneously taken up as money while no one was watching, and our world will never be the same.",,,
742,2015-06-29,2021-07-14,The Seven Network Effects of Bitcoin,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/the-seven-network-effects-of-bitcoin,en,Trace Mayer,network,The […] listed network effects can only serve to strengthen [Bitcoin]. Competitors beware.,,,
743,2018-07-08,2021-07-14,Bitcoin Governance,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoin-governance,en,Pierre Rochard,governance,"Compromising on trustlessness could help the Bitcoin price find a local maximum, at the expense of finding a much higher global maximum.",,,
744,2017-05-19,2021-07-14,Economics of Bitcoin as a Settlement Network,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/economics-of-bitcoin-as-a-settlement-network,en,Saifedean Ammous,"network, settlement","From the settlement layer view, the growing adoption of Bitcoin is increasing its liquidity internationally, allowing it to compete with global reserve currencies for increasingly more valuable transactions, causing transaction fees to rise.",,,
745,2017-07-28,2021-07-14,Against the Minimum Majority Measure,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/against-the-minimum-majority-measure,en,David-A. Harding,governance,I personally suspect that Bitcoin’s steadily improving privacy will prevent us from ever measuring decentralization in a truly objective way. Losing easy quantification but gaining stronger privacy seems like a good tradeoff to me.,,,
746,2017-05-08,2021-07-14,Why the Bitcoin Dominance Index is Deceiving,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/why-the-bitcoin-dominance-index-is-deceiving,en,Jimmy Song,shitcoins,"Like with most things, Bitcoin Dominance is a very crude metric and one that’s unfortunately very easy to manipulate. The recent enthusiasm for ICOs has made the manipulation even worse and continues to hide the fact that Bitcoin is doing really well.",,,
747,2017-01-08,2021-07-14,Crashes and Hyperinflation,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/crashes-and-hyperinflation,en,Daniel Krawisz,inflation,This article is about how money interacts with the rest of the economy after it has matured and about how mismanagement by an issuer can cause it to fail.,,,
748,2016-08-07,2021-07-14,Who Controls Ethereum?,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/who-controls-ethereum,en,Daniel Krawisz,ethereum,"If it became easier for people to trade different forks of the same currency, then investors could get direct experience with different ideas without endangering the network.",,,
749,2016-07-13,2021-07-14,"It's Not About the Technology, It's About the Money",article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/its-not-about-the-technology-its-about-the-money,en,Daniel Krawisz,money,"If someone says “blockchain tech” to you, you might as well walk away right there. They’re just trying to sell you on their new decentralized crowdfunded blockchain tech internet of bitthings appscam.",,,
750,2016-06-20,2021-07-14,Ethereum is Doomed,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/ethereum-is-doomed,en,Daniel Krawisz,ethereum,"I fully support the attacker’s actions, and I wish I had thought of it first.",,,
751,2014-05-23,2021-07-14,Proof That Proof-of-Work is the Only Solution to the Byzantine Generals' Problem,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/proof-that-proof-of-work-is-the-only-solution-to-the-byzantine-generals-problem,en,Oleg Andreev,pow,"If achieving consensus in a non-trust manner is ever possible in practice, then it is only possible with a Proof-of-Work scheme and highly specialized expensive production chains.",,,
752,2015-02-08,2021-07-14,Who Controls Bitcoin?,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/who-controls-bitcoin,en,Daniel Krawisz,governance,Bitcoin upgrades must be a clear improvement to Bitcoin as an investment or else they face a sharp uphill battle to adoption.,,,
753,2015-01-12,2021-07-14,"Bitcoin as a Store of Value, Unit of Account, and Medium of Exchange",article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoin-as-a-store-of-value-unit-of-account-and-medium-of-exchange,en,Daniel Krawisz,"sov, money","Bitcoin has the right properties for the world’s money, and the more the world comes to terms with this, the more stable it will become.",,,
754,2014-09-03,2021-07-14,The Fappening — Brought to You By The Information Marketplace,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/the-fappening,en,Daniel Krawisz,,"Bitcoin makes conspiratorial group cohesion more difficult. If the Fappening took place as I described, then this effect is right at the center. The possibility of getting bitcoins by releasing secrets caused the group to fall apart.",,,
755,2014-10-25,2021-07-14,Bitcoin’s Compound Rewards,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoins-compound-rewards,en,Daniel Krawisz,interest,"The difference between Bitcoin and a Ponzi scheme is that in a Ponzi scheme, the early adopters benefit by cashing out. With Bitcoin, there is no reason ever to cash out.",,,
756,2014-11-30,2021-07-14,Babysitting Bitcoin Skeptics: A Response to Krugman and Gobry,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/babysitting-bitcoin-skeptics,en,Daniel Krawisz,critiques,"Krugman’s article and Gobry’s follow-up are confused, do not establish their case, and say nothing about Bitcoin.",,,
757,2014-11-22,2021-07-14,Don’t Panic,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/dont-panic,en,Daniel Krawisz,,Working in the Bitcoin world is like working for a drug addict with bipolar disorder.,,,
758,2014-10-04,2021-07-14,The Two Ideologies in Bitcoin,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/the-two-ideologies-in-bitcoin,en,Daniel Krawisz,adoption,"There are two ideologies in the Bitcoin world. They are not political ideologies, they are different visions of Bitcoin’s place in the world and how adoption will happen.",,,
759,2014-12-24,2021-07-14,Meditations on Cypherpunk Nightmares,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/meditations-on-cypherpunk-nightmares,en,Michael Goldstein,cypherpunk,Protecting ourselves from the dangers of crypto-anarchy requires embracing it even more fully and internalizing and practicing the virtues that have helped great men weather the storms of life since antiquity.,,,
760,2014-07-10,2021-07-14,The Legacy of the Dread Pirate Roberts,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/the-legacy-of-the-dread-pirate-roberts,en,Daniel Krawisz,adoption,All Bitcoin entrepreneurs today build on top of the success of the Silk Road. Their work was made possible by his.,,,
761,2013-12-28,2021-07-14,Real Crypto-Anarchy Without Anonymity,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/real-crypto-anarchy-without-anonymity,en,Oleg Andreev,anarchy,"Bitcoin raises the cost of many kinds of attacks, going far beyond protecting against central banks meddling with money supply.",,,
762,2014-06-10,2021-07-14,"Bitcoin Is Great, But It Won’t Fix Our Monkey Brains",article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoin-is-great-but-it-wont-fix-our-monkey-brains,en,Andrea Castillo,money,Bitcoin provides us alternatives to compelled trust in monopolies but it can never obviate the need for trusted human connections. Nor can it protect us from our own pesky brain bugs’ ambiguous filters on perceived reality.,,,
763,2014-09-11,2021-07-14,Everyone's a Scammer,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/everyones-a-scammer,en,Michael Goldstein,scam,"There is a war going on for your bitcoins, and willpower is your only defense.",,,
764,2014-04-29,2021-07-14,Bitcoin: Killer of Nietzschean Nihilism,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoin-killer-of-nietzschean-nihilism,en,Peter Dushenski,value,Only Bitcoin can restore the necessary balance between the Gods. Only Bitcoin can give us life.,,,
765,2014-07-04,2021-07-14,Speculative Attack,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/speculative-attack,en,Pierre Rochard,"speculation, adoption","Bitcoin will overtake weak currencies like the dollar through speculative attacks and currency crises, not through the careful evaluation of tech journalists and 'mainstream consumers'.",,,
766,2014-06-29,2021-07-14,Bitcoin's Shroud of Subtlety and Allure,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoins-shroud-of-subtlety-and-allure,en,Daniel Krawisz,adoption,"Potential Bitcoin attackers are in a Prisoner's Dilemma. In the same way that the people cannot easily rebel against the king owing to a lack of coordination on their part, governments cannot rebel against Bitcoin for the same reason. The government puts the people in a Prisoner's Dilemma against one another, and Bitcoin does the same to government agents.",,,
767,2014-06-29,2021-07-14,Bitcoin's Rugged Individualism,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoins-rugged-individualism,en,Daniel Krawisz,sovereignism,There is a fundamental agency problem with Bitcoin: agents can disappear or simulate a heist upon themselves. They cannot rationally be trusted without extreme costs being imposed on them which are more stringent than traditional banks.,,,
768,2014-05-24,2021-07-14,Appcoins Are Snake Oil,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/appcoins-are-snake-oil,en,Daniel Krawisz,shitcoins,Appcoins are a terrible idea.,,,
769,2014-05-16,2021-07-14,The Correct Strategy of Bitcoin Entrepreneurship,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/the-correct-strategy-of-bitcoin-entrepreneurship,en,Daniel Krawisz,adoption,Don't be a venture capitalist—be a speculative philanthropist.,,,
770,2014-05-10,2021-07-14,Bitcoin is the Best Unit of Account,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoin-is-the-best-unit-of-account,en,Daniel Krawisz,uoa,"Someone still lost in the dollar world looks at Bitcoin and sees wild and extreme volatility, whereas someone in Bitcoin looking back at the dollar sees the worst and longest economic crash in history.",,,
771,2014-05-03,2021-07-14,How We Know Bitcoin Is Not a Bubble,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/how-we-know-bitcoin-is-not-a-bubble,en,Daniel Krawisz,bubble,The difference between money and a bubble is that a commodity whose price is a bubble actually has some underlying value.,,,
772,2014-04-26,2021-07-14,How to Market Bitcoin,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/how-to-market-bitcoin,en,Daniel Krawisz,adoption,"Does Bitcoin need to be sanitized and separated from its anarchist, black-market roots in order to become acceptable to the general population? Absolutely not!",,,
773,2014-03-29,2021-07-14,Hyperbitcoinization,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/hyperbitcoinization,en,Daniel Krawisz,adoption,Government currencies will rapidly lose value as Bitcoin supplants it. What will such an event be like and how can it be understood economically?,,,
774,2014-03-14,2021-07-14,The Coming Demise of the Altcoins (And What You Can Do to Hasten It),article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/the-coming-demise-of-altcoins,en,Daniel Krawisz,shitcoins,"What falleth, that shall one also push!",,,
775,2014-02-25,2021-07-14,Bitcoin Has No Image Problem,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoin-has-no-image-problem,en,Daniel Krawisz,adoption,The best way to improve Bitcoin’s image is simply to improve the Bitcoin economy.,,,
776,2014-02-12,2021-07-14,"I'm Hoarding Bitcoins, and No You Can't Have Any",article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/im-hoarding-bitcoins-and-no-you-cant-have-any,en,Daniel Krawisz,saving,The real hero is the hoarder.,,,
777,2014-02-01,2021-07-14,Why Bitcoin Will Continue to Grow,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/why-bitcoin-will-continue-to-grow,en,Daniel Krawisz,adoption,"For now at least, Bitcoin’s present trend is self-reinforcing with no equilibrium in sight.",,,
778,2014-01-28,2021-07-14,I Love Bitcoin's Volatility,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/i-love-bitcoins-volatility,en,Daniel Krawisz,volatility,Those who worry about Bitcoin’s volatility fail to understand what it actually means for Bitcoin.,,time.jpg,
779,,2021-07-15,Satoshi forum posts and threads,collection,https://satoshi.nakamotoinstitute.org/posts/,en,Nakamoto Institute,"satoshi, forum",,,,
780,2008-10-31,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-10-31 18:10:00),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-October/014810.html,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"cryptography, satoshi, email","I've been working on a new electronic cash system that's fully
peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party.

The paper is available at:
http://www.bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf

The main properties:
 Double-spending is prevented with a peer-to-peer network.
 No mint or other trusted parties.
 Participants can be anonymous.
 New coins are made from Hashcash style proof-of-work.
 The proof-of-work for new coin generation also powers the
    network to prevent double-spending.

Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System

Abstract.  A purely peer-to-peer version of electronic cash would
allow online payments to be sent directly from one party to another
without the burdens of going through a financial institution.
Digital signatures provide part of the solution, but the main
benefits are lost if a trusted party is still required to prevent
double-spending.  We propose a solution to the double-spending
problem using a peer-to-peer network.  The network timestamps
transactions by hashing them into an ongoing chain of hash-based
proof-of-work, forming a record that cannot be changed without
redoing the proof-of-work.  The longest chain not only serves as
proof of the sequence of events witnessed, but proof that it came
from the largest pool of CPU power.  As long as honest nodes control
the most CPU power on the network, they can generate the longest
chain and outpace any attackers.  The network itself requires
minimal structure.  Messages are broadcasted on a best effort basis,
and nodes can leave and rejoin the network at will, accepting the
longest proof-of-work chain as proof of what happened while they
were gone.

Full paper at:
http://www.bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf

Satoshi Nakamoto

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781,2008-11-02,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-02 23:46:23),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014814.html,en,James A. Donald,"cryptography, satoshi, email","Satoshi Nakamoto wrote:
> I've been working on a new electronic cash system that's fully
> peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party.
> 
> The paper is available at:
> http://www.bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf

We very, very much need such a system, but the way I understand your 
proposal, it does not seem to scale to the required size.

For transferable proof of work tokens to have value, they must have 
monetary value.  To have monetary value, they must be transferred within 
a very large network - for example a file trading network akin to 
bittorrent.

To detect and reject a double spending event in a timely manner, one 
must have most past transactions of the coins in the transaction, which, 
  naively implemented, requires each peer to have most past 
transactions, or most past transactions that occurred recently. If 
hundreds of millions of people are doing transactions, that is a lot of 
bandwidth - each must know all, or a substantial part thereof.

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782,2008-11-03,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-03 01:37:43),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014815.html,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"cryptography, satoshi, email",">Satoshi Nakamoto wrote:
>> I've been working on a new electronic cash system that's fully
>> peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party.
>> 
>> The paper is available at:
>> http://www.bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf
>
>We very, very much need such a system, but the way I understand your 
>proposal, it does not seem to scale to the required size.
>
>For transferable proof of work tokens to have value, they must have 
>monetary value.  To have monetary value, they must be transferred within 
>a very large network - for example a file trading network akin to 
>bittorrent.
>
>To detect and reject a double spending event in a timely manner, one 
>must have most past transactions of the coins in the transaction, which, 
>  naively implemented, requires each peer to have most past 
>transactions, or most past transactions that occurred recently. If 
>hundreds of millions of people are doing transactions, that is a lot of 
>bandwidth - each must know all, or a substantial part thereof.
>


Long before the network gets anywhere near as large as that, it would be safe for users to use Simplified Payment Verification (section 8) to check for double spending, which only requires having the chain of block headers, or about 12KB per day.  Only people trying to create new coins would need to run network nodes.  At first, most users would run network nodes, but as the network grows beyond a certain point, it would be left more and more to specialists with server farms of specialized hardware.  A server farm would only need to have one node on the network and the rest of the LAN connects with that one node.

The bandwidth might not be as prohibitive as you think.  A typical transaction would be about 400 bytes (ECC is nicely compact).  Each transaction has to be broadcast twice, so lets say 1KB per transaction.  Visa processed 37 billion transactions in FY2008, or an average of 100 million transactions per day.  That many transactions would take 100GB of bandwidth, or the size of 12 DVD or 2 HD quality movies, or about $18 worth of bandwidth at current prices.

If the network were to get that big, it would take several years, and by then, sending 2 HD movies over the Internet would probably not seem like a big deal. 

Satoshi Nakamoto

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783,2008-11-03,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-03 13:32:39),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014817.html,en,John Levine,"cryptography, satoshi, email","> As long as honest nodes control the most CPU power on the network,
> they can generate the longest chain and outpace any attackers.

But they don't.  Bad guys routinely control zombie farms of 100,000
machines or more.  People I know who run a blacklist of spam sending
zombies tell me they often see a million new zombies a day.

This is the same reason that hashcash can't work on today's Internet
-- the good guys have vastly less computational firepower than the bad
guys.

I also have my doubts about other issues, but this one is the killer.

R's,
John


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784,2008-11-03,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-03 16:23:49),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014818.html,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"cryptography, satoshi, email",">> As long as honest nodes control the most CPU power on the network,
>> they can generate the longest chain and outpace any attackers.
>
>But they don't.  Bad guys routinely control zombie farms of 100,000
>machines or more.  People I know who run a blacklist of spam sending
>zombies tell me they often see a million new zombies a day.
>
>This is the same reason that hashcash can't work on today's Internet
>-- the good guys have vastly less computational firepower than the bad
>guys.

Thanks for bringing up that point.

I didn't really make that statement as strong as I could have.  The requirement is that the good guys collectively have more CPU power than any single attacker. 

There would be many smaller zombie farms that are not big enough to overpower the network, and they could still make money by generating bitcoins.  The smaller farms are then the ""honest nodes"".  (I need a better term than ""honest"")  The more smaller farms resort to generating bitcoins, the higher the bar gets to overpower the network, making larger farms also too small to overpower it so that they may as well generate bitcoins too.  According to the ""long tail"" theory, the small, medium and merely large farms put together should add up to a lot more than the biggest zombie farm.

Even if a bad guy does overpower the network, it's not like he's instantly rich.  All he can accomplish is to take back money he himself spent, like bouncing a check.  To exploit it, he would have to buy something from a merchant, wait till it ships, then overpower the network and try to take his money back.  I don't think he could make as much money trying to pull a carding scheme like that as he could by generating bitcoins.  With a zombie farm that big, he could generate more bitcoins than everyone else combined.

The Bitcoin network might actually reduce spam by diverting zombie farms to generating bitcoins instead.

Satoshi Nakamoto

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",,,
785,2008-11-03,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-03 20:20:13),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014819.html,en,James A. Donald,"cryptography, satoshi, email","James A. Donald:
 > > To detect and reject a double spending event in a
 > > timely manner, one must have most past transactions
 > > of the coins in the transaction, which, naively
 > > implemented, requires each peer to have most past
 > > transactions, or most past transactions that
 > > occurred recently. If hundreds of millions of people
 > > are doing transactions, that is a lot of bandwidth -
 > > each must know all, or a substantial part thereof.

Satoshi Nakamoto wrote:
 > Long before the network gets anywhere near as large as
 > that, it would be Safe for users to use Simplified
 > Payment Verification (section 8) to check for double
 > spending, which only requires having the chain of
 > block headers,

If I understand Simplified Payment Verification
correctly:

New coin issuers need to store all coins and all recent
coin transfers.

There are many new coin issuers, as many as want to be
issuers, but far more coin users.

Ordinary entities merely transfer coins.  To see if a
coin transfer is OK, they report it to one or more new
coin issuers and see if the new coin issuer accepts it.
New coin issuers check transfers of old coins so that
their new coins have valid form, and they report the
outcome of this check so that people will report their
transfers to the new coin issuer.

If someone double spends a coin, and one expenditure is
reported to one new coin issuer, and the other
simultaneously reported to another new coin issuer, then
both issuers to swifly agree on a unique sequence order
of payments.  This, however, is a non trivial problem of
a massively distributed massive database, a notoriously
tricky problem, for which there are at present no peer
to peer solutions.  Obiously it is a solvable problem,
people solve it all the time, but not an easy problem.
People fail to solve it rather more frequently.

  But let us suppose that the coin issue network is
dominated by a small number of issuers as seems likely.

If a small number of entities are issuing new coins,
this is more resistant to state attack that with a
single issuer, but the government regularly attacks
financial networks, with the financial collapse ensuing
from the most recent attack still under way as I write
this.

Government sponsored enterprises enter the business, in
due course bad behavior is made mandatory, and the evil
financial network is bigger than the honest financial
network, with the result that even though everyone knows
what is happening, people continue to use the paper
issued by the evil financial network, because of network
effects - the big, main issuers, are the issuers you use
if you want to do business.

Then knowledgeable people complain that the evil
financial network is heading for disaster, that the
government sponsored enterprises are about to cause a
""collapse of the total financial system"", as Wallison
and Alan Greenspan complained in 2005, the government
debates shrinking the evil government sponsored
enterprises, as with ""S. 190 [109th]: Federal Housing
Enterprise Regulatory Reform Act of 2005"" but they find
easy money too seductive, and S. 190 goes down in flames
before a horde of political activists chanting that easy
money is sound, and opposing it is racist, nazi,
ignorant, and generally hateful, the recent S. 190
debate on limiting portfolios (bond issue supporting dud
mortgages) by government sponsored enterprises being a
perfect reprise of the debates on limiting the issue of
new assignats in the 1790s.

The big and easy government attacks on money target a
single central money issuer, as with the first of the
modern political attacks, the French Assignat of 1792,
but in the late nineteenth century political attacks on
financial networks began, as for example the Federal
reserve act of 1913, the goal always being to wind up
the network into a single too big to fail entity, and
they have been getting progressively bigger, more
serious, and more disastrous, as with the most recent
one.  Each attack is hugely successful, and after the
cataclysm that the attack causes the attackers are
hailed as saviors of the poor, the oppressed, and the
nation generally, and the blame for the the bad
consequences is dumped elsewhere, usually on Jews,
greedy bankers, speculators, etc, because such attacks
are difficult for ordinary people understand.  I have
trouble understanding your proposal - ordinary users
will be easily bamboozled by a government sponsored
security update.  Further, when the crisis hits, to
disagree with the line, to doubt that the regulators are
right, and the problem is the evil speculators, becomes
political suicide, as it did in America in 2007,
sometimes physical suicide, as in Weimar Germany.

Still, it is better, and more resistant to attack by
government sponsored enterprises, than anything I have
seen so far.

 > Visa processed 37 billion transactions in FY2008, or
 > an average of 100 million transactions per day.  That
 > many transactions would take 100GB of bandwidth, or
 > the size of 12 DVD or 2 HD quality movies, or about
 > $18 worth of bandwidth at current prices.

 > If the network were to get that big, it would take
 > several years, and by then, sending 2 HD movies over
 > the Internet would probably not seem like a big deal.

If there were a hundred or a thousand money issuers by
the time the government attacks, the kind of government
attacks on financial networks that we have recently seen
might well be more difficult.

But I think we need to concern ourselves with minimizing
the data and bandwidth required by money issuers - for
small coins, the protocol seems wasteful.  It would be
nice to have the full protocol for big coins, and some
shortcut for small coins wherein people trust account
based money for small amounts till they get wrapped up
into big coins.

The smaller the data storage and bandwidth required for
money issuers, the more resistant the system is the kind
of government attacks on financial networks that we have
recently seen.

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",,,
786,2008-11-06,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-06 05:14:37),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014822.html,en,Ray Dillinger,"cryptography, satoshi, email","On Tue, 2008-11-04 at 06:20 +1000, James A. Donald wrote:

> If I understand Simplified Payment Verification
> correctly:
> 
> New coin issuers need to store all coins and all recent
> coin transfers.
> 
> There are many new coin issuers, as many as want to be
> issuers, but far more coin users.
> 
> Ordinary entities merely transfer coins.  To see if a
> coin transfer is OK, they report it to one or more new
> coin issuers and see if the new coin issuer accepts it.
> New coin issuers check transfers of old coins so that
> their new coins have valid form, and they report the
> outcome of this check so that people will report their
> transfers to the new coin issuer.


I think the real issue with this system is the market 
for bitcoins.  

Computing proofs-of-work have no intrinsic value.  We 
can have a limited supply curve (although the ""currency"" 
is inflationary at about 35% as that's how much faster 
computers get annually) but there is no demand curve 
that intersects it at a positive price point.

I know the same (lack of intrinsic value) can be said of 
fiat currencies, but an artificial demand for fiat 
currencies is created by (among other things) taxation 
and legal-tender laws.  Also, even a fiat currency can 
be an inflation hedge against another fiat currency's 
higher rate of inflation.   But in the case of bitcoins 
the inflation rate of 35% is almost guaranteed by the 
technology, there are no supporting mechanisms for 
taxation, and no legal-tender laws.  People will not 
hold assets in this highly-inflationary currency if 
they can help it.  

   Bear


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",,,
787,2008-11-06,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-06 20:15:40),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014823.html,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"cryptography, satoshi, email",">[Lengthy exposition of vulnerability of a systm to use-of-force
>monopolies ellided.]
>
>You will not find a solution to political problems in cryptography.

Yes, but we can win a major battle in the arms race and gain a new territory of freedom for several years.

Governments are good at cutting off the heads of a centrally controlled networks like Napster, but pure P2P networks like Gnutella and Tor seem to be holding their own.  

Satoshi


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",,,
788,2008-11-07,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-07 23:40:12),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014827.html,en,Hal Finney,"cryptography, satoshi, email","Bitcoin seems to be a very promising idea. I like the idea of basing
security on the assumption that the CPU power of honest participants
outweighs that of the attacker. It is a very modern notion that exploits
the power of the long tail. When Wikipedia started I never thought it
would work, but it has proven to be a great success for some of the
same reasons.

I also do think that there is potential value in a form of unforgeable
token whose production rate is predictable and can't be influenced
by corrupt parties. This would be more analogous to gold than to fiat
currencies. Nick Szabo wrote many years ago about what he called ""bit
gold""[1] and this could be an implementation of that concept. There have
also been proposals for building light-weight anonymous payment schemes on
top of heavy-weight non-anonymous systems, so Bitcoin could be leveraged
to allow for anonymity even beyond the mechanisms discussed in the paper.

Unfortunately I am having trouble fully understanding the system. The
paper describes key concepts and some data structures, but does not
clearly specify the various rules and verifications that the participants
in the system would have to follow.

In particular I don't understand exactly what verifications P2P nodes
perform when they receive new blocks from other nodes, and how they
handle transactions that have been broadcast to them. For example, it
is mentioned that if a broadcast transaction does not reach all nodes,
it is OK, as it will get into the block chain before long. How does this
happen - what if the node that creates the ""next"" block (the first node
to find the hashcash collision) did not hear about the transaction,
and then a few more blocks get added also by nodes that did not hear
about that transaction? Do all the nodes that did hear it keep that
transaction around, hoping to incorporate it into a block once they get
lucky enough to be the one which finds the next collision?

Or for example, what if a node is keeping two or more chains around as
it waits to see which grows fastest, and a block comes in for chain A
which would include a double-spend of a coin that is in chain B? Is that
checked for or not? (This might happen if someone double-spent and two
different sets of nodes heard about the two different transactions with
the same coin.)

This kind of data management, and the rules for handling all the packets
that are flowing around is largely missing from the paper.

I also don't understand exactly how double-spending, or cancelling
transactions, is accomplished by a superior attacker who is able to muster
more computing power than all the honest participants. I see that he can
create new blocks and add them to create the longest chain, but how can
he erase or add old transactions in the chain? As the attacker sends out
his new blocks, aren't there consistency checks which honest nodes can
perform, to make sure that nothing got erased? More explanation of this
attack would be helpful, in order to judge the gains to an attacker from
this, versus simply using his computing power to mint new coins honestly.

As far as the spending transactions, what checks does the recipient of a
coin have to perform? Does she need to go back through the coin's entire
history of transfers, and make sure that every transaction on the list is
indeed linked into the ""timestamp"" block chain? Or can she just do the
latest one? Do the timestamp nodes check transactions, making sure that
the previous transaction on a coin is in the chain, thereby enforcing
the rule that all transactions in the chain represent valid coins?

Sorry about all the questions, but as I said this does seem to be a
very promising and original idea, and I am looking forward to seeing
how the concept is further developed. It would be helpful to see a more
process oriented description of the idea, with concrete details of the
data structures for the various objects (coins, blocks, transactions),
the data which is included in messages, and algorithmic descriptions
of the procedures for handling the various events which would occur in
this system. You mentioned that you are working on an implementation,
but I think a more formal, text description of the system would be a
helpful next step.

Hal Finney

[1] http://unenumerated.blogspot.com/2005/12/bit-gold.html

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",,,
789,2008-11-08,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-08 18:54:38),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014831.html,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"cryptography, satoshi, email","Ray Dillinger:
> the ""currency"" is inflationary at about 35% 
> as that's how much faster computers get annually
> ... the inflation rate of 35% is almost guaranteed 
> by the technology

Increasing hardware speed is handled: ""To compensate for increasing hardware speed and varying interest in running nodes over time, the proof-of-work difficulty is determined by a moving average targeting an average number of blocks per hour. If they're generated too fast, the difficulty increases.""

As computers get faster and the total computing power applied to creating bitcoins increases, the difficulty increases proportionally to keep the total new production constant.  Thus, it is known in advance how many new bitcoins will be created every year in the future.

The fact that new coins are produced means the money supply increases by a planned amount, but this does not necessarily result in inflation.  If the supply of money increases at the same rate that the number of people using it increases, prices remain stable.  If it does not increase as fast as demand, there will be deflation and early holders of money will see its value increase.

Coins have to get initially distributed somehow, and a constant rate seems like the best formula.

Satoshi Nakamoto


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",,,
790,2008-11-09,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-09 01:58:48),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014832.html,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"cryptography, satoshi, email","Hal Finney wrote:
> it is mentioned that if a broadcast transaction does not reach all nodes,
> it is OK, as it will get into the block chain before long. How does this
> happen - what if the node that creates the ""next"" block (the first node
> to find the hashcash collision) did not hear about the transaction,
> and then a few more blocks get added also by nodes that did not hear
> about that transaction? Do all the nodes that did hear it keep that
> transaction around, hoping to incorporate it into a block once they get
> lucky enough to be the one which finds the next collision?

Right, nodes keep transactions in their working set until they get into a block.  If a transaction reaches 90% of nodes, then each time a new block is found, it has a 90% chance of being in it.


> Or for example, what if a node is keeping two or more chains around as
> it waits to see which grows fastest, and a block comes in for chain A
> which would include a double-spend of a coin that is in chain B? Is that
> checked for or not? (This might happen if someone double-spent and two
> different sets of nodes heard about the two different transactions with
> the same coin.)

That does not need to be checked for.  The transaction in whichever branch ends up getting ahead becomes the valid one, the other is invalid.  If someone tries to double spend like that, one and only one spend will always become valid, the others invalid.

Receivers of transactions will normally need to hold transactions for perhaps an hour or more to allow time for this kind of possibility to be resolved.  They can still re-spend the coins immediately, but they should wait before taking an action such as shipping goods.  


> I also don't understand exactly how double-spending, or cancelling
> transactions, is accomplished by a superior attacker who is able to muster
> more computing power than all the honest participants. I see that he can
> create new blocks and add them to create the longest chain, but how can
> he erase or add old transactions in the chain? As the attacker sends out
> his new blocks, aren't there consistency checks which honest nodes can
> perform, to make sure that nothing got erased? More explanation of this
> attack would be helpful, in order to judge the gains to an attacker from
> this, versus simply using his computing power to mint new coins honestly.

The attacker isn't adding blocks to the end.  He has to go back and redo the block his transaction is in and all the blocks after it, as well as any new blocks the network keeps adding to the end while he's doing that.  He's rewriting history.  Once his branch is longer, it becomes the new valid one.

This touches on a key point.  Even though everyone present may see the shenanigans going on, there's no way to take advantage of that fact. 

It is strictly necessary that the longest chain is always considered the valid one.  Nodes that were present may remember that one branch was there first and got replaced by another, but there would be no way for them to convince those who were not present of this.  We can't have subfactions of nodes that cling to one branch that they think was first, others that saw another branch first, and others that joined later and never saw what happened.  The CPU power proof-of-work vote must have the final say.  The only way for everyone to stay on the same page is to believe that the longest chain is always the valid one, no matter what.


> As far as the spending transactions, what checks does the recipient of a
> coin have to perform? Does she need to go back through the coin's entire
> history of transfers, and make sure that every transaction on the list is
> indeed linked into the ""timestamp"" block chain? Or can she just do the
> latest one? 

The recipient just needs to verify it back to a depth that is sufficiently far back in the block chain, which will often only require a depth of 2 transactions.  All transactions before that can be discarded.


> Do the timestamp nodes check transactions, making sure that
> the previous transaction on a coin is in the chain, thereby enforcing
> the rule that all transactions in the chain represent valid coins?

Right, exactly.  When a node receives a block, it checks the signatures of every transaction in it against previous transactions in blocks.  Blocks can only contain transactions that depend on valid transactions in previous blocks or the same block.  Transaction C could depend on transaction B in the same block and B depends on transaction A in an earlier block.


> Sorry about all the questions, but as I said this does seem to be a
> very promising and original idea, and I am looking forward to seeing
> how the concept is further developed. It would be helpful to see a more
> process oriented description of the idea, with concrete details of the
> data structures for the various objects (coins, blocks, transactions),
> the data which is included in messages, and algorithmic descriptions
> of the procedures for handling the various events which would occur in
> this system. You mentioned that you are working on an implementation,
> but I think a more formal, text description of the system would be a
> helpful next step.

I appreciate your questions.  I actually did this kind of backwards.  I had to write all the code before I could convince myself that I could solve every problem, then I wrote the paper.  I think I will be able to release the code sooner than I could write a detailed spec.  You're already right about most of your assumptions where you filled in the blanks.

Satoshi Nakamoto


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",,,
791,2008-11-09,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-09 03:09:49),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014833.html,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"cryptography, satoshi, email","James A. Donald wrote:
> The core concept is that lots of entities keep complete and consistent
> information as to who owns which bitcoins.
>
> But maintaining consistency is tricky. It is not clear to me what
> happens when someone reports one transaction to one maintainer, and
> someone else transports another transaction to another maintainer. The
> transaction cannot be known to be valid until it has been incorporated
> into a globally shared view of all past transactions, and no one can
> know that a globally shared view of all past transactions is globally
> shared until after some time has passed, and after many new
> transactions have arrived.
>
> Did you explain how to do this, and it just passed over my head, or
> were you confident it could be done, and a bit vague as to the details?

The proof-of-work chain is the solution to the synchronisation problem, and to knowing what the globally shared view is without having to trust anyone.

A transaction will quickly propagate throughout the network, so if two versions of the same transaction were reported at close to the same time, the one with the head start would have a big advantage in reaching many more nodes first.  Nodes will only accept the first one they see, refusing the second one to arrive, so the earlier transaction would have many more nodes working on incorporating it into the next proof-of-work.  In effect, each node votes for its viewpoint of which transaction it saw first by including it in its proof-of-work effort.

If the transactions did come at exactly the same time and there was an even split, it's a toss up based on which gets into a proof-of-work first, and that decides which is valid.

When a node finds a proof-of-work, the new block is propagated throughout the network and everyone adds it to the chain and starts working on the next block after it.  Any nodes that had the other transaction will stop trying to include it in a block, since it's now invalid according to the accepted chain.

The proof-of-work chain is itself self-evident proof that it came from the globally shared view.  Only the majority of the network together has enough CPU power to generate such a difficult chain of proof-of-work.  Any user, upon receiving the proof-of-work chain, can see what the majority of the network has approved.  Once a transaction is hashed into a link that's a few links back in the chain, it is firmly etched into the global history.

Satoshi Nakamoto


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",,,
792,2008-11-09,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-09 04:55:23),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014834.html,en,James A. Donald,"cryptography, satoshi, email","Satoshi Nakamoto wrote:
 > The bandwidth might not be as prohibitive as you
 > think.  A typical transaction would be about 400 bytes
 > (ECC is nicely compact).  Each transaction has to be
 > broadcast twice, so lets say 1KB per transaction.
 > Visa processed 37 billion transactions in FY2008, or
 > an average of 100 million transactions per day.  That
 > many transactions would take 100GB of bandwidth, or
 > the size of 12 DVD or 2 HD quality movies, or about
 > $18 worth of bandwidth at current prices.

The trouble is, you are comparing with the Bankcard
network.

But a new currency cannot compete directly with an old,
because network effects favor the old.

You have to go where Bankcard does not go.

At present, file sharing works by barter for bits. This,
however requires the double coincidence of wants. People
only upload files they are downloading, and once the
download is complete, stop seeding. So only active
files, files that quite a lot of people want at the same
time, are available.

File sharing requires extremely cheap transactions,
several transactions per second per client, day in and
day out, with monthly transaction costs being very small
per client, so to support file sharing on bitcoins, we
will need a layer of account money on top of the
bitcoins, supporting transactions of a hundred
thousandth the size of the smallest coin, and to support
anonymity, chaumian money on top of the account money.

Let us call a bitcoin bank a bink.  The bitcoins stand
in the same relation to account money as gold stood in
the days of the gold standard.  The binks, not trusting
each other to be liquid when liquidity is most needed,
settle out any net discrepancies with each other by
moving bit coins around once every hundred thousand
seconds or so, so bitcoins do not change owners that
often,   Most transactions cancel out at the account
level.  The binks demand bitcoins of each other only
because they don't want to hold account money for too
long. So a relatively small amount of bitcoins
infrequently transacted can support a somewhat larger
amount of account money frequently transacted.

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",,,
793,2008-11-09,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-09 08:56:53),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014835.html,en,James A. Donald,"cryptography, satoshi, email","     --
Satoshi Nakamoto wrote:
 > The proof-of-work chain is the solution to the
 > synchronisation problem, and to knowing what the
 > globally shared view is without having to trust
 > anyone.
 >
 > A transaction will quickly propagate throughout the
 > network, so if two versions of the same transaction
 > were reported at close to the same time, the one with
 > the head start would have a big advantage in reaching
 > many more nodes first.  Nodes will only accept the
 > first one they see, refusing the second one to arrive,
 > so the earlier transaction would have many more nodes
 > working on incorporating it into the next
 > proof-of-work.  In effect, each node votes for its
 > viewpoint of which transaction it saw first by
 > including it in its proof-of-work effort.

OK, suppose one node incorporates a bunch of
transactions in its proof of work, all of them honest
legitimate single spends and another node incorporates a
slightly different bunch of transactions in its proof of
work, all of them equally honest legitimate single
spends, and both proofs are generated at about the same
time.

What happens then?

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",,,
794,2008-11-09,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-09 10:05:05),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014837.html,en,James A. Donald,"cryptography, satoshi, email","Satoshi Nakamoto wrote:
 > Increasing hardware speed is handled: ""To compensate
 > for increasing hardware speed and varying interest in
 > running nodes over time, the proof-of-work difficulty
 > is determined by a moving average targeting an average
 > number of blocks per hour. If they're generated too
 > fast, the difficulty increases.""

This does not work - your proposal involves
complications I do not think you have thought through.

Furthermore, it cannot be made to work, as in the
proposed system the work of tracking who owns what coins
is paid for by seigniorage, which requires inflation.

This is not an intolerable flaw - predictable inflation
is less objectionable than inflation that gets jiggered
around from time to time to transfer wealth from one
voting block to another.

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",,,
795,2008-11-09,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-09 16:31:26),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014838.html,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"cryptography, satoshi, email","James A. Donald wrote:
>OK, suppose one node incorporates a bunch of
>transactions in its proof of work, all of them honest
>legitimate single spends and another node incorporates a
>different bunch of transactions in its proof of
>work, all of them equally honest legitimate single
>spends, and both proofs are generated at about the same
>time.
>
>What happens then?

They both broadcast their blocks.  All nodes receive them and keep both, but only work on the one they received first.  We'll suppose exactly half received one first, half the other.  

In a short time, all the transactions will finish propagating so that everyone has the full set.  The nodes working on each side will be trying to add the transactions that are missing from their side.  When the next proof-of-work is found, whichever previous block that node was working on, that branch becomes longer and the tie is broken.  Whichever side it is, the new block will contain the other half of the transactions, so in either case, the branch will contain all transactions.  Even in the unlikely event that a split happened twice in a row, both sides of the second split would contain the full set of transactions anyway.

It's not a problem if transactions have to wait one or a few extra cycles to get into a block. 

Satoshi Nakamoto



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",,,
796,2008-11-09,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-09 19:57:54),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014841.html,en,James A. Donald,"cryptography, satoshi, email","     --
 > James A. Donald wrote:
 >> OK, suppose one node incorporates a bunch of
 >> transactions in its proof of work, all of them honest
 >> legitimate single spends and another node
 >> incorporates a different bunch of transactions in its
 >> proof of work, all of them equally honest legitimate
 >> single spends, and both proofs are generated at about
 >> the same time.
 >>
 >> What happens then?

Satoshi Nakamoto wrote:
 > They both broadcast their blocks.  All nodes receive
 > them and keep both, but only work on the one they
 > received first.  We'll suppose exactly half received
 > one first, half the other.
 >
 > In a short time, all the transactions will finish
 > propagating so that everyone has the full set.  The
 > nodes working on each side will be trying to add the
 > transactions that are missing from their side.  When
 > the next proof-of-work is found, whichever previous
 > block that node was working on, that branch becomes
 > longer and the tie is broken.  Whichever side it is,
 > the new block will contain the other half of the
 > transactions, so in either case, the branch will
 > contain all transactions.  Even in the unlikely event
 > that a split happened twice in a row, both sides of
 > the second split would contain the full set of
 > transactions anyway.
 >
 > It's not a problem if transactions have to wait one or
 > a few extra cycles to get into a block.

So what happened to the coin that lost the race?

On the one hand, we want people who make coins to be
motivated to keep and record all transactions, and
obtain an up to date record of all transactions in a
timely manner.  On the other hand, it is a bit harsh if
the guy who came second is likely to lose his coin.

Further, your description of events implies restrictions
on timing and coin generation - that the entire network
generates coins slowly compared to the time required for
news of a new coin to flood the network, otherwise the
chains diverge more and more, and no one ever knows
which chain is the winner.

You need to make these restrictions explicit, for
network flood time may well be quite slow.

Which implies that the new coin rate is slower.

We want spenders to have certainty that their
transaction is valid at the time it takes a spend to
flood the network, not at the time it takes for branch
races to be resolved.

At any given time, for example at 1 040 689 138 seconds
we can look back at the past and say:

 At 1 040 688 737 seconds, node 5 was *it*, and
 he incorporated all the coins he had discovered
 into the chain, and all the new transactions he
 knew about on top of the previous link

 At 1 040 688 792 seconds, node 2 was *it*, and
 he incorporated all the coins he had discovered
 into the chain, and all the new transactions he
 knew about into the chain on top of node 5's
 link.

 At 1 040 688 745 seconds, node 7 was *it*, and
 he incorporated all the coins he had discovered
 into the chain, and all the new transactions he
 knew about into the chain on top of node 2's
 link.

But no one can know who is *it* right now

So how does one know when to reveal one's coins?  One
solution is that one does not.  One incorporates a hash
of the coin secret whenever one thinks one might be
*it*, and after that hash is securely in the chain,
after one knows that one was *it* at the time, one can
then safely spend the coin that one has found, revealing
the secret.

This solution takes care of the coin revelation problem,
but does not solve the spend recording problem.  If one
node is ignoring all spends that it does not care about,
it suffers no adverse consequences.  We need a protocol
in which your prospects of becoming *it* also depend on
being seen by other nodes as having a reasonably up to
date and complete list of spends - which this protocol
is not, and your protocol is not either.

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",,,
797,2008-11-10,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-10 02:14:30),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014842.html,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"cryptography, satoshi, email","James A. Donald wrote:
> Furthermore, it cannot be made to work, as in the
> proposed system the work of tracking who owns what coins
> is paid for by seigniorage, which requires inflation.

If you're having trouble with the inflation issue, it's easy to tweak it for transaction fees instead.  It's as simple as this: let the output value from any transaction be 1 cent less than the input value.  Either the client software automatically writes transactions for 1 cent more than the intended payment value, or it could come out of the payee's side.  The incentive value when a node finds a proof-of-work for a block could be the total of the fees in the block.

Satoshi Nakamoto


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",,,
798,2008-11-10,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-10 22:18:20),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014843.html,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"cryptography, satoshi, email","James A. Donald wrote:
> So what happened to the coin that lost the race?
>
> ... it is a bit harsh if the guy who came second 
> is likely to lose his coin.

When there are multiple double-spent versions of the same transaction, one and only one will become valid.

The receiver of a payment must wait an hour or so before believing that it's valid.  The network will resolve any possible double-spend races by then.

The guy who received the double-spend that became invalid never thought he had it in the first place.  His software would have shown the transaction go from ""unconfirmed"" to ""invalid"".  If necessary, the UI can be made to hide transactions until they're sufficiently deep in the block chain.


> Further, your description of events implies restrictions
> on timing and coin generation - that the entire network
> generates coins slowly compared to the time required for
> news of a new coin to flood the network

Sorry if I didn't make that clear.  The target time between blocks will probably be 10 minutes.

Every block includes its creation time.  If the time is off by more than 36 hours, other nodes won't work on it.  If the timespan over the last 6*24*30 blocks is less than 15 days, blocks are being generated too fast and the proof-of-work difficulty doubles.  Everyone does the same calculation with the same chain data, so they all get the same result at the same link in the chain.


> We want spenders to have certainty that their
> transaction is valid at the time it takes a spend to
> flood the network, not at the time it takes for branch
> races to be resolved.

Instantant non-repudiability is not a feature, but it's still much faster than existing systems.  Paper cheques can bounce up to a week or two later.  Credit card transactions can be contested up to 60 to 180 days later.  Bitcoin transactions can be sufficiently irreversible in an hour or two.


> If one node is ignoring all spends that it does not 
> care about, it suffers no adverse consequences.

With the transaction fee based incentive system I recently posted, nodes would have an incentive to include all the paying transactions they receive.

Satoshi Nakamoto

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",,,
799,2008-11-13,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-13 06:16:31),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014847.html,en,James A. Donald,"cryptography, satoshi, email","Satoshi Nakamoto wrote:
 > When there are multiple double-spent versions of the
 > same transaction, one and only one will become valid.

That is not the question I am asking.

It is not trust that worries me, it is how it is
possible to have a  a globally shared view even if
everyone is well behaved.

The process for arriving at a globally shared view of
who owns what bitgold coins is insufficiently specified.
Once specified, then we can start considering whether
everyone has incentives to behave correctly.

It is not sufficient that everyone knows X.  We also
need everyone to know that everyone knows X, and that
everyone knows that everyone knows that everyone knows X
- which, as in the Byzantine Generals problem, is the
classic hard problem of distributed data processing.

This problem becomes harder when X is quite possibly a
very large amount of data - agreement on who was the
owner of every bitgold coin at such and such a time.

And then on top of that we need everyone to have a
motive to behave in such a fashion that agreement
arises.  I cannot see that they have motive when I do
not know the behavior to be motivated.

You keep repeating your analysis of the system under
attack.  We cannot say how the system will behave under
attack until we know how the system is supposed to
behave when not under attack.

If there are a lot of transactions, it is hard to
efficiently discover the discrepancies between one
node's view and another node's view, and because new
transactions are always arriving, no two nodes will ever
have the same view, even if all nodes are honest, and
all reported transactions are correct and true single
spends.

We should be able to accomplish a system where two nodes
are likely to come to agreement as to who owned what
bitgold coins at some very recent past time, but it is
not simple to do so.

If one node constructs a hash that represents its
knowledge of who owned what bitgold coins at a
particular time, and another node wants to check that
hash, it is not simple to do it in such a way that
agreement is likely, and disagreement between honest
well behaved nodes is efficiently detected and
efficiently resolved.

And if we had a specification of how agreement is
generated, it is not obvious why the second node has
incentive to check that hash.

The system has to work in such a way that nodes can
easily and cheaply change their opinion about recent
transactions, so as to reach consensus, but in order to
provide finality and irreversibility, once consensus has
been reached, and then new stuff has be piled on top of
old consensus, in particular new bitgold has been piled
on top of old consensus, it then becomes extremely
difficult to go back and change what was decided.

Saying that is how it works, does not give us a method
to make it work that way.

 > The receiver of a payment must wait an hour or so
 > before believing that it's valid.  The network will
 > resolve any possible double-spend races by then.

You keep discussing attacks.  I find it hard to think
about response to attack when it is not clear to me what
normal behavior is in the case of good conduct by each
and every party.

Distributed databases are *hard* even when all the
databases perfectly follow the will of a single owner.
Messages get lost, links drop, syncrhonization delays
become abnormal, and entire machines go up in flames,
and the network as a whole has to take all this in its
stride.

Figuring out how to do this is hard, even in the
complete absence of attacks.  Then when we have figured
out how to handle all this, then come attacks.

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",,,
800,2008-11-13,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-13 16:24:18),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014848.html,en,Hal Finney,"cryptography, satoshi, email","James A. Donald writes:
> Satoshi Nakamoto wrote:
>  > When there are multiple double-spent versions of the
>  > same transaction, one and only one will become valid.
>
> That is not the question I am asking.
>
> It is not trust that worries me, it is how it is
> possible to have a  a globally shared view even if
> everyone is well behaved.
>
> The process for arriving at a globally shared view of
> who owns what bitgold coins is insufficiently specified.

I agree that the description is not completely clear on how these matters
are handled. Satoshi has suggested that releasing source code may be the
best way to clarify the design. As I have tried to work through details on
my own, it does appear that the rules become rather complicated and indeed
one needs at least a pseudo-code algorithm to specify the behavior. So
perhaps writing real code is not a bad way to go. I found that there is
a sourceforge project set up for bitgold, although it does not have any
code yet.

In answer to James' specific question, about what happens when different
nodes see different sets of transactions, due to imperfect broadcast, here
is how I understand it. Each node must be prepared to maintain potentially
several ""candidate"" block chains, each of which may eventually turn out
to become the longest one, the one which wins. Once a given block chain
becomes sufficiently longer than a competitor, the shorter one can be
deleted. This length differential is a parameter which depends on the
node's threat model for how much compute power an attacker can marshall,
in terms of the fraction of the ""honst"" P2P network's work capacity,
and is estimated in the paper. The idea is that once a chain gets far
enough behind the longest one, there is essentially no chance that it
can ever catch up.

In order to resolve the issue James raised, I think it is necessary
that nodes keep a separate pending-transaction list associated with
each candidate chain. This list would include all transactions the node
has received (via broadcast by the transactees) but which have not yet
been incorporated into that block chain. At any given time, the node is
working to extend the longest block chain, and the block it is working
to find a hash collision for will include all of the pending transactions
associated with that chain.

I think that this way, when a candidate chain is deleted because it
got too much shorter than the longest one, transactions in it are
not lost, but have continued to be present in the pending-transaction
list associated with the longest chain, in those nodes which heard the
original transaction broadcast. (I have also considered whether nodes
should add transactions to their pending-transaction list that they
learn about through blocks from other nodes, even if those blocks do
not end up making their way into the longest block chain; but I'm not
sure if that is necessary or helpful.)

Once these rules are clarified, more formal modeling will be helpful in
understanding the behavior of the network given imperfect reliability. For
example, if on average a fraction f of P2P nodes receive a given
transaction broadcast, then I think one would expect 1/f block-creation
times to elapse before the transaction appears in what is destined to
become the longest chain. One might also ask, given that the P2P network
broadcast is itself imperfectly reliable, how many candidate chains
must a given node keep track of at one time, on average? Or as James
raised earlier, if the network broadcast is reliable but depends on a
potentially slow flooding algorithm, how does that impact performance?

> And then on top of that we need everyone to have a
> motive to behave in such a fashion that agreement
> arises.  I cannot see that they have motive when I do
> not know the behavior to be motivated.

I am somewhat less worried about motivation. I'd be satisfied if the
system can meet the following criteria:

1. No single node operator, or small collection of node operators
which controls only a small fraction of overall network resources,
can effectively cheat, if other players are honest.

2. The long tail of node operators is sufficiently large that no small
collection of nodes can control more than a small fraction of overall
resources. (Here, the ""tail"" refers to a ranking based on amount of
resources controlled by each operator.)

3. The bitcoin system turns out to be socially useful and valuable, so
that node operators feel that they are making a beneficial contribution
to the world by their efforts (similar to the various ""@Home"" compute
projects where people volunteer their compute resources for good causes).

In this case it seems to me that simple altruism can suffice to keep the
network running properly.

> Distributed databases are *hard* even when all the
> databases perfectly follow the will of a single owner.
> Messages get lost, links drop, syncrhonization delays
> become abnormal, and entire machines go up in flames,
> and the network as a whole has to take all this in its
> stride.

A very good point, and a more complete specification is necessary in order
to understand how the network will respond to imperfections like this. I
am looking forward to seeing more detail emerge.

One thing I might mention is that in many ways bitcoin is two independent
ideas: a way of solving the kinds of problems James lists here, of
creating a globally consistent but decentralized database; and then using
it for a system similar to Wei Dai's b-money (which is referenced in the
paper) but transaction/coin based rather than account based. Solving the
global, massively decentralized database problem is arguably the harder
part, as James emphasizes. The use of proof-of-work as a tool for this
purpose is a novel idea well worth further review IMO.

Hal Finney

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",,,
801,2008-11-13,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-13 22:56:55),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014849.html,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"cryptography, satoshi, email","James A. Donald wrote:
> It is not sufficient that everyone knows X. We also
> need everyone to know that everyone knows X, and that
> everyone knows that everyone knows that everyone knows X
> - which, as in the Byzantine Generals problem, is the
> classic hard problem of distributed data processing.

The proof-of-work chain is a solution to the Byzantine Generals' Problem.  I'll try to rephrase it in that context.

A number of Byzantine Generals each have a computer and want to attack the King's wi-fi by brute forcing the password, which they've learned is a certain number of characters in length.  Once they stimulate the network to generate a packet, they must crack the password within a limited time to break in and erase the logs, otherwise they will be discovered and get in trouble.  They only have enough CPU power to crack it fast enough if a majority of them attack at the same time.

They don't particularly care when the attack will be, just that they all agree.  It has been decided that anyone who feels like it will announce a time, and whatever time is heard first will be the official attack time.  The problem is that the network is not instantaneous, and if two generals announce different attack times at close to the same time, some may hear one first and others hear the other first.

They use a proof-of-work chain to solve the problem.  Once each general receives whatever attack time he hears first, he sets his computer to solve an extremely difficult proof-of-work problem that includes the attack time in its hash.  The proof-of-work is so difficult, it's expected to take 10 minutes of them all working at once before one of them finds a solution.  Once one of the generals finds a proof-of-work, he broadcasts it to the network, and everyone changes their current proof-of-work computation to include that proof-of-work in the hash they're working on.  If anyone was working on a different attack time, they switch to this one, because its proof-of-work chain is now longer.

After two hours, one attack time should be hashed by a chain of 12 proofs-of-work.  Every general, just by verifying the difficulty of the proof-of-work chain, can estimate how much parallel CPU power per hour was expended on it and see that it must have required the majority of the computers to produce that much proof-of-work in the allotted time.  They had to all have seen it because the proof-of-work is proof that they worked on it.  If the CPU power exhibited by the proof-of-work chain is sufficient to crack the password, they can safely attack at the agreed time.

The proof-of-work chain is how all the synchronisation, distributed database and global view problems you've asked about are solved.


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",,,
802,2008-11-14,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-14 18:55:35),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014853.html,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"cryptography, satoshi, email","Hal Finney wrote:
> I think it is necessary that nodes keep a separate 
> pending-transaction list associated with each candidate chain. 
> ... One might also ask ... how many candidate chains must 
> a given node keep track of at one time, on average?

Fortunately, it's only necessary to keep a pending-transaction pool for the current best branch.  When a new block arrives for the best branch, ConnectBlock removes the block's transactions from the pending-tx pool.  If a different branch becomes longer, it calls DisconnectBlock on the main branch down to the fork, returning the block transactions to the pending-tx pool, and calls ConnectBlock on the new branch, sopping back up any transactions that were in both branches.  It's expected that reorgs like this would be rare and shallow.

With this optimisation, candidate branches are not really any burden.  They just sit on the disk and don't require attention unless they ever become the main chain.


> Or as James raised earlier, if the network broadcast 
> is reliable but depends on a potentially slow flooding 
> algorithm, how does that impact performance?

Broadcasts will probably be almost completely reliable.  TCP transmissions are rarely ever dropped these days, and the broadcast protocol has a retry mechanism to get the data from other nodes after a while.  If broadcasts turn out to be slower in practice than expected, the target time between blocks may have to be increased to avoid wasting resources.  We want blocks to usually propagate in much less time than it takes to generate them, otherwise nodes would spend too much time working on obsolete blocks.

I'm planning to run an automated test with computers randomly sending payments to each other and randomly dropping packets.


> 3. The bitcoin system turns out to be socially useful and valuable, so
> that node operators feel that they are making a beneficial contribution
> to the world by their efforts (similar to the various ""@Home"" compute
> projects where people volunteer their compute resources for good causes).
> 
> In this case it seems to me that simple altruism can suffice to keep the
> network running properly.

It's very attractive to the libertarian viewpoint if we can explain it properly.  I'm better with code than with words though.

Satoshi Nakamoto

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",,,
803,2008-11-15,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-15 02:20:23),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014857.html,en,Ray Dillinger,"cryptography, satoshi, email","Okay.... I'm going to summarize this protocol as I understand it. 

I'm filling in some operational details that aren't in the paper 
by supplementing what you wrote with what my own ""design sense"" 
tells me are critical missing bits or ""obvious"" methodologies for 
use.

First, people spend computer power creating a pool of coins to use 
as money.  Each coin is a proof-of-work meeting whatever criteria 
were in effect for money at the time it was created.  The time of 
creation (and therefore the criteria) is checkable later because 
people can see the emergence of this particular coin in the 
transaction chain and track it through all its ""consensus view"" 
spends.  (more later on coin creation tied to adding a link). 

When a coin is spent, the buyer and seller digitally sign a (blinded) 
transaction record, and broadcast it to a bunch of nodes whose purpose 
is keeping track of consensus regarding coin ownership.  If someone 
double spends, then the transaction record can be unblinded revealing 
the identity of the cheater.  This is done via a fairly standard cut-
and-choose algorithm where the buyer responds to several challenges 
with secret shares, and the seller then asks him to ""unblind"" and 
checks all but one, verifying that they do contain secret shares any 
two of which are sufficient to identify the buyer.  In this case the 
seller accepts the unblinded spend record as ""probably"" containing 
a valid secret share. 

The nodes keeping track of consensus regarding coin ownership are in 
a loop where they are all trying to ""add a link"" to the longest chain 
they've so far recieved.  They have a pool of reported transactions 
which they've not yet seen in a ""consensus"" signed chain.  I'm going 
to call this pool ""A"".  They attempt to add a link to the chain by
moving everything from pool A into a pool ""L"" and using a CPU-
intensive digital signature algorithm to sign the chain including 
the new block L.  This results in a chain extended by a block 
containing all the transaction records they had in pool L, plus 
the node's digital signature.  While they do this, new 
transaction records continue to arrive and go into pool A again 
for the next cycle of work. 

They may also recieve chains as long as the one they're trying to 
extend while they work, in which the last few ""links"" are links 
that are *not* in common with the chain on which they're working.
These they ignore.  (?  Do they ignore them?  Under what 
circumstances would these become necessary to ever look at again, 
bearing in mind that any longer chain based on them will include 
them?) 

But if they recieve a _longer_ chain while working, they 
immediately check all the transactions in the new links to make 
sure it contains no double spends and that the ""work factors"" of 
all new links are appropriate.  If it contains a double spend, 
then they create a ""transaction"" which is a proof of double 
spending, add it to their pool A, broadcast it, and continue work.  
If one of the ""new"" links has an inappropriate work factor (ie, 
someone didn't put enough CPU into it for it to be ""licit"" 
according to the rules) a new ""transaction"" which is a proof 
of the protocol violation by the link-creating node is created, 
broadcast, and added to pool A, and the chain is rejected.  In 
the case of no double spends and appropriate work factors for 
all links not yet seen, they accept the new chain as consensus. 

If the new chain is accepted, then they give up on adding their
current link, dump all the transactions from pool L back into pool 
A (along with transactions they've recieved or created since 
starting work), eliminate from pool A those transaction records 
which are already part of a link in the new chain, and start work 
again trying to extend the new chain. 

If they complete work on a chain extended with their new link, they 
broadcast it and immediately start work on another new link with 
all the transactions that have accumulated in pool A since they 
began work.  

Do I understand it correctly?




Biggest Technical Problem: 

Is there a mechanism to make sure that the ""chain"" does not consist 
solely of links added by just the 3 or 4 fastest nodes?  'Cause a 
broadcast transaction record could easily miss those 3 or 4 nodes 
and if it does, and those nodes continue to dominate the chain, the 
transaction might never get added.  

To remedy this, you need to either ensure provable propagation of
transactions, or vary the work factor for a node depending on how 
many links have been added since that node's most recent link.   

Unfortunately, both measures can be defeated by sock puppets.  
This is probably the worst problem with your protocol as it 
stands right now; you need some central point to control the 
identities (keys) of the nodes and prevent people from making 
new sock puppets. 

Provable propagation would mean that When Bob accepts a new chain 
from Alice, he needs to make sure that Alice has (or gets) all
transactions in his ""A"" and ""L"" pools.  He sends them, and 
Alice sends back a signed hash to prove she got them. Once 
Alice has recieved this block of transactions, if any subsequent 
chains including a link added by Alice do not include those 
transactions at or before that link, then Bob should be able to 
publish the block he sent Alice, along with her signature, in a
transaction as proof that Alice violated protocol.  Sock puppets 
defeat this because Alice just signs subsequent chains using a 
new key, pretending to be a different node. 

If we go with varying the work factor depending on how many new 
links there are,  then we're right back to domination by the 3 
or 4 fastest nodes, except now they're joined by 600 or so 
sock puppets which they use to avoid the work factor penalty. 

If we solve the sock-puppet issue, or accept that there's a central 
point controlling the generation of new keys, then generation of 
coins should be tied to the act of successfully adding a block to 
the ""consensus"" chain.  This is simple to do; creation of a coin 
is a transaction, it gets added along with all the other transactions 
in the block.  But you can only create one coin per link, and of 
course if your version of the chain isn't the one that gets accepted,
then in the ""accepted"" view you don't have the coin and can't spend 
it.  This gives the people maintaining the consensus database a 
reason to spend CPU cycles, especially since the variance in work 
factor by number of links added since their own last link (outlined
above) guarantees that everyone, not just the 3 or 4 fastest nodes,
occasionally gets the opportunity to create a coin.

Also, the work requirement for adding a link to the chain should 
vary (again exponentially) with the number of links added to that 
chain in the previous week, causing the rate of coin generation 
(and therefore inflation) to be strictly controlled.  

You need coin aggregation for this to scale.  There needs to be 
a ""provable"" transaction where someone retires ten single coins 
and creates a new coin with denomination ten, etc.  This is not 
too hard, using the same infrastructure you've already got; it 
simply becomes part of the chain, and when the chain is accepted
consensus, then everybody can see that it happened. 



    Bear



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",,,
804,2008-11-15,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-15 04:43:00),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014858.html,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"cryptography, satoshi, email","I'll try and hurry up and release the sourcecode as soon as possible to serve as a reference to help clear up all these implementation questions.


Ray Dillinger (Bear) wrote:
> When a coin is spent, the buyer and seller digitally sign a (blinded)
> transaction record.

Only the buyer signs, and there's no blinding. 


> If someone double spends, then the transaction record 
> can be unblinded revealing the identity of the cheater. 

Identities are not used, and there's no reliance on recourse.  It's all prevention.


> This is done via a fairly standard cut-and-choose 
> algorithm where the buyer responds to several challenges
> with secret shares

No challenges or secret shares.  A basic transaction is just what you see in the figure in section 2.  A signature (of the buyer) satisfying the public key of the previous transaction, and a new public key (of the seller) that must be satisfied to spend it the next time.


> They may also receive chains as long as the one they're trying to
> extend while they work, in which the last few ""links"" are links
> that are *not* in common with the chain on which they're working.
> These they ignore. 

Right, if it's equal in length, ties are broken by keeping the earliest one received.


> If it contains a double spend, then they create a ""transaction"" 
> which is a proof of double spending, add it to their pool A, 
> broadcast it, and continue work.

There's no need for reporting of ""proof of double spending"" like that.  If the same chain contains both spends, then the block is invalid and rejected.  

Same if a block didn't have enough proof-of-work.  That block is invalid and rejected.  There's no need to circulate a report about it.  Every node could see that and reject it before relaying it.

If there are two competing chains, each containing a different version of the same transaction, with one trying to give money to one person and the other trying to give the same money to someone else, resolving which of the spends is valid is what the whole proof-of-work chain is about.

We're not ""on the lookout"" for double spends to sound the alarm and catch the cheater.  We merely adjudicate which one of the spends is valid.  Receivers of transactions must wait a few blocks to make sure that resolution has had time to complete.  Would be cheaters can try and simultaneously double-spend all they want, and all they accomplish is that within a few blocks, one of the spends becomes valid and the others become invalid.  Any later double-spends are immediately rejected once there's already a spend in the main chain.  

Even if an earlier spend wasn't in the chain yet, if it was already in all the nodes' pools, then the second spend would be turned away by all those nodes that already have the first spend.


> If the new chain is accepted, then they give up on adding their
> current link, dump all the transactions from pool L back into pool
> A (along with transactions they've received or created since
> starting work), eliminate from pool A those transaction records
> which are already part of a link in the new chain, and start work
> again trying to extend the new chain.

Right.  They also refresh whenever a new transaction comes in, so L pretty much contains everything in A all the time.


> CPU-intensive digital signature algorithm to 
> sign the chain including the new block L. 

It's a Hashcash style SHA-256 proof-of-work (partial pre-image of zero), not a signature.  


> Is there a mechanism to make sure that the ""chain"" does not consist
> solely of links added by just the 3 or 4 fastest nodes? 'Cause a
> broadcast transaction record could easily miss those 3 or 4 nodes
> and if it does, and those nodes continue to dominate the chain, the
> transaction might never get added.

If you're thinking of it as a CPU-intensive digital signing, then you may be thinking of a race to finish a long operation first and the fastest always winning.

The proof-of-work is a Hashcash style SHA-256 collision finding.  It's a memoryless process where you do millions of hashes a second, with a small chance of finding one each time.  The 3 or 4 fastest nodes' dominance would only be proportional to their share of the total CPU power.  Anyone's chance of finding a solution at any time is proportional to their CPU power.

There will be transaction fees, so nodes will have an incentive to receive and include all the transactions they can.  Nodes will eventually be compensated by transaction fees alone when the total coins created hits the pre-determined ceiling.


> Also, the work requirement for adding a link to the chain should
> vary (again exponentially) with the number of links added to that
> chain in the previous week, causing the rate of coin generation
> (and therefore inflation) to be strictly controlled.

Right.


> You need coin aggregation for this to scale. There needs to be
> a ""provable"" transaction where someone retires ten single coins
> and creates a new coin with denomination ten, etc. 

Every transaction is one of these.  Section 9, Combining and Splitting Value.  


Satoshi Nakamoto



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",,,
805,2008-11-15,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-15 07:04:21),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014859.html,en,Ray Dillinger,"cryptography, satoshi, email","On Sat, 2008-11-15 at 12:43 +0800, Satoshi Nakamoto wrote:

> I'll try and hurry up and release the sourcecode as soon as possible 
> to serve as a reference to help clear up all these implementation 
> questions.

> Ray Dillinger (Bear) wrote:
> > When a coin is spent, the buyer and seller digitally sign a (blinded)
> > transaction record.
> 
> Only the buyer signs, and there's no blinding. 
> 
> 
> > If someone double spends, then the transaction record 
> > can be unblinded revealing the identity of the cheater. 
> 
> Identities are not used, and there's no reliance on recourse.  It's all prevention.

Okay, that's surprising.  If you're not using buyer/seller 
identities, then you are not checking that a spend is being made 
by someone who actually is the owner of (on record as having 
recieved) the coin being spent.  

There are three categories of identity that are useful to 
think about.  Category one: public.  Real-world identities 
are a matter of record and attached to every transaction.  
Category two: Pseudonymous.  There are persistent ""identities"" 
within the system and people can see if something was done by 
the same nym that did something else, but there's not necessarily 
any way of linking the nyms with real-world identities.  Category 
three: unlinkably anonymous.  There is no concept of identity,
persistent or otherwise.  No one can say or prove whether the 
agents involved in any transaction are the same agents as involved 
in any other transaction. 

Are you claiming category 3 as you seem to be, or category 2?
Lots of people don't distinguish between anonymous and 
pseudonymous protocols, so it's worth asking exactly what 
you mean here.  

Anyway:  I'll proceed on the assumption that you meant very 
nearly (as nearly as I can imagine, anyway) what you said, 
unlinkably anonymous.  That means that instead of an ""identity"", 
a spender has to demonstrate knowledge of a secret known only 
to the real owner of the coin.  One way to do this would be 
to have the person recieving the coin generate an asymmetric 
key pair, and then have half of it published with the 
transaction.  In order to spend the coin later, s/he must 
demonstrate posession of the other half of the asymmetric 
key pair, probably by using it to sign the key provided by 
the new seller.  So we cannot prove anything about ""identity"", 
but we can prove that the spender of the coin is someone who 
knows a secret that the person who recieved the coin knows. 

And what you say next seems to confirm this: 

> No challenges or secret shares.  A basic transaction is just 
> what you see in the figure in section 2.  A signature (of the 
> buyer) satisfying the public key of the previous transaction, 
> and a new public key (of the seller) that must be satisfied to 
> spend it the next time.


Note, even though this doesn't involve identity per se, it still 
makes the agent doing the spend linkable to the agent who 
earlier recieved the coin, so these transactions are linkable.  
In order to counteract this, the owner of the coin needs to 
make a transaction, indistinguishable to others from any 
normal transaction, in which he creates a new key pair and 
transfers the coin to its posessor (ie, has one sock puppet 
""spend"" it to another). No change in real-world identity of 
the owner, but the transaction ""linkable"" to the agent who spent 
the coin is unlinked.  For category-three unlinkability, this 
has to be done a random number of times - maybe one to six 
times?  


BTW, could you please learn to use carriage returns??  Your 
lines are scrolling stupidly off to the right and I have to 
scroll to see what the heck you're saying, then edit to add 
carriage returns before I respond. 


> > If it contains a double spend, then they create a ""transaction"" 
> > which is a proof of double spending, add it to their pool A, 
> > broadcast it, and continue work.

> There's no need for reporting of ""proof of double spending"" like 
> that.  If the same chain contains both spends, then the block is 
> invalid and rejected.  

> Same if a block didn't have enough proof-of-work.  That block is 
> invalid and rejected.  There's no need to circulate a report 
> about it.  Every node could see that and reject it before relaying it.

Mmmm.  I don't know if I'm comfortable with that.  You're saying 
there's no effort to identify and exclude nodes that don't 
cooperate?  I suspect this will lead to trouble and possible DOS 
attacks. 

> If there are two competing chains, each containing a different 
> version of the same transaction, with one trying to give money 
> to one person and the other trying to give the same money to 
> someone else, resolving which of the spends is valid is what 
> the whole proof-of-work chain is about.

Okay, when you say ""same"" transaction, and you're talking about 
transactions that are obviously different, you mean a double 
spend, right?  Two transactions signed with the same key?

> We're not ""on the lookout"" for double spends to sound the alarm 
> and catch the cheater.  We merely adjudicate which one of the 
> spends is valid.  Receivers of transactions must wait a few 
> blocks to make sure that resolution has had time to complete. 

Until.... until what?  How does anybody know when a transaction 
has become irrevocable?   Is ""a few"" blocks three?  Thirty?  A 
hundred?  Does it depend on the number of nodes?  Is it logarithmic 
or linear in number of nodes?  

 
> Would be cheaters can try and simultaneously double-spend all 
> they want, and all they accomplish is that within a few blocks, 
> one of the spends becomes valid and the others become invalid.

But in the absence of identity, there's no downside to them 
if spends become invalid, if they've already recieved the 
goods they double-spent for (access to website, download, 
whatever).  The merchants are left holding the bag with 
""invalid"" coins, unless they wait that magical ""few blocks"" 
(and how can they know how many?) before treating the spender 
as having paid.  

The consumers won't do this if they spend their coin and it takes 
an hour to clear before they can do what they spent their coin on. 
The merchants won't do it if there's no way to charge back a 
customer when they find the that their coin is invalid because 
the customer has doublespent.

> Even if an earlier spend wasn't in the chain yet, if it was 
> already in all the nodes' pools, then the second spend would 
> be turned away by all those nodes that already have the first 
> spend.

So there's a possibility of an early catch when the broadcasts of 
the initial simultaneous spends interfere with each other.  I assume 
here that the broadcasts are done by the sellers, since the buyer 
has a possible disincentive to broadly disseminate spends. 

> > If the new chain is accepted, then they give up on adding their
> > current link ... and start work again trying to extend the new 
> > chain.
> 
> Right.  They also refresh whenever a new transaction comes in, 
> so L pretty much contains everything in A all the time.

Okay, that's a big difference between a proof of work that takes 
a huge set number of CPU cycles and a proof of work that takes a 
tiny number of CPU cycles but has a tiny chance of success.  You 
can change the data set while working, and it doesn't mean you 
need to start over. This is good in this case, as it means nobody 
has to hold recently recieved transactions out of the link they're
working on.

> > Is there a mechanism to make sure that the ""chain"" does not consist
> > solely of links added by just the 3 or 4 fastest nodes? 

> If you're thinking of it as a CPU-intensive digital signing, then 
> you may be thinking of a race to finish a long operation first and 
> the fastest always winning.

Right.  That was the misconception I was working with.  Again, the 
difference between a proof taking a huge set number of CPU cycles 
and a proof that takes a tiny number of CPU cycles but has a tiny 
chance of success.

> Anyone's chance of finding a solution at any 
> time is proportional to their CPU power.

It's like a random variation in the work factor; in this way it works 
in your favor. 

> There will be transaction fees, so nodes will have an incentive 
> to receive and include all the transactions they can.  Nodes 
> will eventually be compensated by transaction fees alone when 
> the total coins created hits the pre-determined ceiling.

I don't understand how ""transaction fees"" would work, and how the money 
would find its way from the agents doing transactions to those running 
the network.  But the economic effect is the same (albeit somewhat 
randomized) if adding a link to the chain allows the node to create 
a coin, so I would stick with that.

Also, be aware that the compute power of different nodes can be 
expected to vary by two orders of magnitude at any given moment in 
history. 

    Bear


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",,,
806,2008-11-15,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-15 18:02:00),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014860.html,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"cryptography, satoshi, email","Ray Dillinger wrote:
> One way to do this would be
> to have the person recieving the coin generate an asymmetric
> key pair, and then have half of it published with the
> transaction. In order to spend the coin later, s/he must
> demonstrate posession of the other half of the asymmetric
> key pair, probably by using it to sign the key provided by
> the new seller.

Right, it's ECC digital signatures.  A new key pair is used for every
transaction.

It's not pseudonymous in the sense of nyms identifying people, but it
is at least a little pseudonymous in that the next action on a coin
can be identified as being from the owner of that coin.


> Mmmm. I don't know if I'm comfortable with that. You're saying
> there's no effort to identify and exclude nodes that don't
> cooperate? I suspect this will lead to trouble and possible DOS
> attacks.

There is no reliance on identifying anyone.  As you've said, it's
futile and can be trivially defeated with sock puppets.

The credential that establishes someone as real is the ability to
supply CPU power. 


> Until.... until what? How does anybody know when a transaction
> has become irrevocable? Is ""a few"" blocks three? Thirty? A
> hundred? Does it depend on the number of nodes? Is it logarithmic
> or linear in number of nodes?

Section 11 calculates the worst case under attack.  Typically, 5 or
10 blocks is enough for that.  If you're selling something that
doesn't merit a network-scale attack to steal it, in practice you
could cut it closer.


> But in the absence of identity, there's no downside to them
> if spends become invalid, if they've already received the
> goods they double-spent for (access to website, download,
> whatever). The merchants are left holding the bag with
> ""invalid"" coins, unless they wait that magical ""few blocks""
> (and how can they know how many?) before treating the spender
> as having paid.
>
> The consumers won't do this if they spend their coin and it takes
> an hour to clear before they can do what they spent their coin on.
> The merchants won't do it if there's no way to charge back a
> customer when they find the that their coin is invalid because
> the customer has doublespent.

This is a version 2 problem that I believe can be solved fairly
satisfactorily for most applications.

The race is to spread your transaction on the network first.  Think 6
degrees of freedom -- it spreads exponentially.  It would only take
something like 2 minutes for a transaction to spread widely enough
that a competitor starting late would have little chance of grabbing
very many nodes before the first one is overtaking the whole network.
 During those 2 minutes, the merchant's nodes can be watching for a
double-spent transaction.  The double-spender would not be able to
blast his alternate transaction out to the world without the merchant
getting it, so he has to wait before starting.

If the real transaction reaches 90% and the double-spent tx reaches
10%, the double-spender only gets a 10% chance of not paying, and 90%
chance his money gets spent.  For almost any type of goods, that's
not going to be worth it for the scammer.

Information based goods like access to website or downloads are
non-fencible.  Nobody is going to be able to make a living off
stealing access to websites or downloads.  They can go to the file
sharing networks to steal that.  Most instant-access products aren't
going to have a huge incentive to steal. 

If a merchant actually has a problem with theft, they can make the
customer wait 2 minutes, or wait for something in e-mail, which many
already do.  If they really want to optimize, and it's a large
download, they could cancel the download in the middle if the
transaction comes back double-spent.  If it's website access,
typically it wouldn't be a big deal to let the customer have access
for 5 minutes and then cut off access if it's rejected.  Many such
sites have a free trial anyway.

Satoshi Nakamoto


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",,,
807,2008-11-16,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-16 00:00:04),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014861.html,en,James A. Donald,"cryptography, satoshi, email","Satoshi Nakamoto wrote:
 > Fortunately, it's only necessary to keep a
 > pending-transaction pool for the current best branch.

This requires that we know, that is to say an honest
well behaved peer whose communications and data storage
is working well knows, what the current best branch is -
but of course, the problem is that we are trying to
discover, trying to converge upon, a best branch, which
is not easy at the best of times, and becomes harder
when another peer is lying about its connectivity and
capabilities, and yet another peer has just had a major
disk drive failure obfuscated by a software crash, and
the international fibers connecting yet a third peer
have been attacked by terrorists.

 >  When a new block arrives for the best branch,
 >  ConnectBlock removes the block's transactions from
 >  the pending-tx pool.  If a different branch becomes
 >  longer

Which presupposes the branches exist, that they are
fully specified and complete.  If they exist as complete
works, rather than works in progress, then the problem
is already solved, for the problem is making progress.

 > Broadcasts will probably be almost completely
 > reliable.

There is a trade off between timeliness and reliability.
One can make a broadcast arbitrarily reliable if time is
of no consequence.  However, when one is talking of
distributed data, time is always of consequence, because
it is all about synchronization (that peers need to have
corresponding views at corresponding times) so when one
does distributed data processing, broadcasts are always
highly unreliable Attempts to ensure that each
message arrives at least once result in increased timing
variation. Thus one has to make a protocol that is
either UDP or somewhat UDP like, in that messages are
small, failure of messages to arrive is common, messages
can arrive in different order to the order in which they
were sent, and the same message may arrive multiple
times.  Either we have UDP, or we need to accommodate
the same problems as UDP has on top of TCP connections.

Rather than assuming that each message arrives at least
once, we have to make a mechanism such that the
information arrives even though conveyed by messages
that frequently fail to arrive.

 > TCP transmissions are rarely ever dropped these days

People always load connections near maximum.  When a
connection is near maximum, TCP connections suffer
frequent unreasonably long delays, and connections
simply fail a lot - your favorite web cartoon somehow
shows it is loading forever, and you try again, or it
comes up with a little x in place of a picture, and you
try again

Further very long connections - for example ftp
downloads of huge files,  seldom complete. If you try to
ftp a movie, you are unlikely to get anywhere unless
both client and server have a resume mechanism so that
they can talk about partially downloaded files.

UDP connections, for example Skype video calls, also
suffer frequent picture freezes, loss of quality, and so
forth, and have to have mechanisms to keep going
regardless.

 > It's very attractive to the libertarian viewpoint if
 > we can explain it properly.  I'm better with code than
 > with words though.

No, it is very attractive to the libertarian if we can
design a mechanism that will scale to the point of
providing the benefits of rapidly irreversible payment,
immune to political interference, over the internet,
to very large numbers of people. You have an outline
and proposal for such a design, which is a big step
forward, but the devil is in the little details.

I really should provide a fleshed out version of your
proposal, rather than nagging you to fill out the blind
spots.

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",,,
808,2008-11-17,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-17 17:24:43),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014863.html,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"cryptography, satoshi, email","James A. Donald wrote:
> > Fortunately, it's only necessary to keep a
> > pending-transaction pool for the current best branch.
> 
> This requires that we know, that is to say an honest
> well behaved peer whose communications and data storage
> is working well knows, what the current best branch is -

I mean a node only needs the pending-tx pool for the best branch it
has.  The branch that it currently thinks is the best branch.
That's the branch it'll be trying to make a block out of, which is
all it needs the pool for.


> > Broadcasts will probably be almost completely
> > reliable.
> 
> Rather than assuming that each message arrives at least
> once, we have to make a mechanism such that the
> information arrives even though conveyed by messages
> that frequently fail to arrive.

I think I've got the peer networking broadcast mechanism covered.  

Each node sends its neighbours an inventory list of hashes of the
new blocks and transactions it has.  The neighbours request the
items they don't have yet.  If the item never comes through after a
timeout, they request it from another neighbour that had it.  Since
all or most of the neighbours should eventually have each item,
even if the coms get fumbled up with one, they can get it from any
of the others, trying one at a time.

The inventory-request-data scheme introduces a little latency, but
it ultimately helps speed more by keeping extra data blocks off the
transmit queues and conserving bandwidth.


> You have an outline
> and proposal for such a design, which is a big step
> forward, but the devil is in the little details.

I believe I've worked through all those little details over the
last year and a half while coding it, and there were a lot of them.
The functional details are not covered in the paper, but the
sourcecode is coming soon.  I sent you the main files.
(available by request at the moment, full release soon)

Satoshi Nakamoto


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",,,
809,2008-11-17,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-17 21:54:28),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014864.html,en,Nicolas Williams,"cryptography, satoshi, email","On Fri, Nov 14, 2008 at 11:04:21PM -0800, Ray Dillinger wrote:
> On Sat, 2008-11-15 at 12:43 +0800, Satoshi Nakamoto wrote:
> > > If someone double spends, then the transaction record 
> > > can be unblinded revealing the identity of the cheater. 
> > 
> > Identities are not used, and there's no reliance on recourse.  It's all prevention.
> 
> Okay, that's surprising.  If you're not using buyer/seller 
> identities, then you are not checking that a spend is being made 
> by someone who actually is the owner of (on record as having 
> recieved) the coin being spent.  

How do identities help?  It's supposed to be anonymous cash, right?  And
say you identify a double spender after the fact, then what?  Perhaps
you're looking at a disposable ID.  Or perhaps you can't chase them
down.

Double spend detection needs to be real-time or near real-time.

Nico
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",,,
810,2008-11-17,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-17 23:57:39),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014865.html,en,James A. Donald,"cryptography, satoshi, email","Ray Dillinger wrote:
 > Okay.... I'm going to summarize this protocol as I
 > understand it.
 >
 > I'm filling in some operational details that aren't in
 > the paper by supplementing what you wrote with what my
 > own ""design sense"" tells me are critical missing bits
 > or ""obvious"" methodologies for use.

There are a number of significantly different ways this
could be implemented.  I have been working on my own
version based on Patricia hash trees, (not yet ready to
post, will post in a week or so) with the consensus
generation being a generalization of file sharing using
Merkle hash trees. Patricia hash trees where the high
order part of the Patricia key represents the high order
part of the time can be used to share data that evolves
in time.  The algorithm, if implemented by honest
correctly functioning peers, regularly generates
consensus hashes of the recent past - thereby addressing
the problem I have been complaining about - that we have
a mechanism to protect against consensus distortion by
dishonest or malfunctioning peers, which is useless
absent a definition of consensus generation by honest
and correctly functioning peers.

 > First, people spend computer power creating a pool of
 > coins to use as money.  Each coin is a proof-of-work
 > meeting whatever criteria were in effect for money at
 > the time it was created.  The time of creation (and
 > therefore the criteria) is checkable later because
 > people can see the emergence of this particular coin
 > in the transaction chain and track it through all its
 > ""consensus view"" spends.  (more later on coin creation
 > tied to adding a link).
 >
 > When a coin is spent, the buyer and seller digitally
 > sign a (blinded) transaction record, and broadcast it
 > to a bunch of nodes whose purpose is keeping track of
 > consensus regarding coin ownership.

I don't think your blinding works.

If there is a public record of who owns what coin, we
have to generate a  public diff on changes in that
record, so the record will show that a coin belonged to
X, and soon thereafter belonged to Y.  I don't think
blinding can be made to work.  We can blind the
transaction details easily enough, by only making hashes
of the details public, (X paid Y for
49vR7xmwYcKXt9zwPJ943h9bHKC2pG68m) but that X paid Y is
going to be fairly obvious.

If when Joe spends a coin to me, then I have to have the
ability to ask ""Does Joe rightfully own this coin"", then
it is difficult to see how this can be implemented in a
distributed protocol without giving people the ability
to trawl through data detecting that Joe paid me.

To maintain a consensus on who owns what coins, who owns
what coins has to be public.

We can build a privacy layer on top of this - account
money and chaumian money based on bitgold coins, much as
the pre 1915 US banking system layered account money and
bank notes on top of gold coins, and indeed we have to
build a layer on top to bring the transaction cost down
to the level that supports agents performing micro
transactions, as needed for bandwidth control, file
sharing, and charging non white listed people to send us
communications.

So the entities on the public record are entities
functioning like pre 1915 banks - let us call them
binks, for post 1934 banks no longer function like that.

 > But if they recieve a _longer_ chain while working,
 > they immediately check all the transactions in the new
 > links to make sure it contains no double spends and
 > that the ""work factors"" of all new links are
 > appropriate.

I am troubled that this involves frequent
retransmissions of data that is already mostly known.
Consensus and widely distributed beliefs about bitgold
ownership already involves significant cost.  Further,
each transmission of data is subject to data loss, which
can result in thrashing, with the risk that the
generation of consensus may slow below the rate of new
transactions.  We already have problems getting the cost
down to levels that support micro transactions by
software agents, which is the big unserved market -
bandwidth control, file sharing, and charging non white
listed people to send us communications.

To work as useful project, has to be as efficient as it
can be - hence my plan to use a Patricia hash tree
because it identifies and locate small discrepancies
between peers that are mostly in agreement already,
without them needing to transmit their complete data.

We also want to avoid very long hash chains that have to
be frequently checked in order to validate things.  Any
time a hash chain can potentially become enormously long
over time, we need to ensure that no one ever has to
rewalk the full length.  Chains that need to be
re-walked can only be permitted to grow as the log of
the total number of transactions - if they grow as the
log of the transactions in any one time period plus the
total number of time periods, we have a problem.

 > Biggest Technical Problem:
 >
 > Is there a mechanism to make sure that the ""chain""
 > does not consist solely of links added by just the 3
 > or 4 fastest nodes?  'Cause a broadcast transaction
 > record could easily miss those 3 or 4 nodes and if it
 > does, and those nodes continue to dominate the chain,
 > the transaction might never get added.
 >
 > To remedy this, you need to either ensure provable
 > propagation of transactions, or vary the work factor
 > for a node depending on how many links have been added
 > since that node's most recent link.
 >
 > Unfortunately, both measures can be defeated by sock
 > puppets. This is probably the worst problem with your
 > protocol as it stands right now; you need some central
 > point to control the identities (keys) of the nodes
 > and prevent people from making new sock puppets.

We need a protocol wherein to be a money tracking peer
(an entity that validates spends) you have to be
accepted by at least two existing peers who agree to
synchronize data with you - presumably through human
intervention by the owners of existing peers, and these
two human approved synchronization paths indirectly
connect you to the other peers in the network through
at least one graph cycle.

If peer X is only connected to the rest of the network
by one existing peer, peer Y, perhaps because X's
directly connecting peer has dropped out, then X is
demoted to a client, not a peer - any transactions X
submits are relabeled by Y as submitted to Y, not X, and
the time of submission (which forms part of the Patricia
key) is the time X submitted them to Y, not the time
they were submitted to X.

The algorithm must be able swiftly detect malfunctioning
peers, and automatically exclude them from the consensus
temporarily - which means that transactions submitted
through malfunctioning peers do not get included in the
consensus, therefore have to be resubmitted, and peers
may find themselves temporarily demoted to clients,
because one of the peers through which they were
formerly connected to the network has been dropped by
the consensus.

If a peer gets a lot of automatic temporary exclusions,
there may be human intervention by the owners of those
peers to which it exchanges data directly to permanently
drop them.

Since peers get accepted by human invite, they have
reputation to lose, therefore we can make the null
hypothesis (the primary Bayesian prior) honest intent,
valid data, but  unreliable data transmission - trust
with infrequent random verification.  Designing the
system on this basis considerably reduces processing
costs.

Recall that SET died on its ass in large part because
every transaction involved innumerable public key
operations.  Similarly, we have huge security flaws in
https because it has so many redundant public key
operations that web site designers try to minimize the
use of https to cover only those areas that truly need
it - and they always get the decision as to what truly
needs it subtly wrong.

Efficiency is critical, particularly as the part of the
market not yet served is the market for very low cost
transactions.

 > If we solve the sock-puppet issue, or accept that
 > there's a central point controlling the generation of
 > new keys,

A central point will invite attack, will be attacked.

The problem with computer networked money is that the
past can so easily be revised, so nodes come under
pressure to adjust the past - ""I did not pay that""
swiftly becomes ""I should not have paid that"", which
requires arbitration, which is costly, and introduces
uncertainty, which is costly, and invites government
regulation, which is apt to be utterly ruinous and
wholly devastating.

For many purposes, reversal and arbitration is highly
desirable, but there is no way anyone can compete with
the arbitration provided by Visa and Mastercard, for
they have network effects on their side, and they do a
really good job of arbitration, at which they have vast
experience, accumulated skills, wisdom, and good repute.
So any new networked transaction system has to target
the demand for final and irreversible transactions.

The idea of a distributed network consensus is that one
has a lot of peers in a lot of jurisdictions, and once a
transaction has entered into the consensus, undoing it
is damn near impossible - one would have to pressure
most of the peers in most of the jurisdictions to agree,
and many of them don't even talk your language, and
those that do, will probably pretend that they do not.
So people will not even try.

To avoid pressure, the network has to avoid any central
point at which pressure can be applied.  Recall Nero's
wish that Rome had a single throat that he could cut. If
we provide them with such a throat, it will be cut.

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",,,
811,2008-11-18,2021-07-15,Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-11-18 01:26:31),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014866.html,en,James A. Donald,"cryptography, satoshi, email","Nicolas Williams wrote:
 > How do identities help?  It's supposed to be anonymous
 > cash, right?

Actually no.  It is however supposed to be pseudonymous,
so dinging someone's reputation still does not help
much.

 > And say you identify a double spender after the fact,
 > then what?  Perhaps you're looking at a disposable ID.
 > Or perhaps you can't chase them down.
 >
 > Double spend detection needs to be real-time or near
 > real-time.

Near real time means we have to use UDP or equivalent,
rather than TCP or equivalent, and we have to establish
an approximate consensus, not necessarily the final
consensus, not necessarily exact agreement, but close to
it, in a reasonably small number of round trips.

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",,,
812,2009-01-08,2021-07-15,Bitcoin v0.1 released (2009-01-08 19:27:40),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2009-January/014994.html,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"cryptography, satoshi, email","Announcing the first release of Bitcoin, a new electronic cash
system that uses a peer-to-peer network to prevent double-spending.
It's completely decentralized with no server or central authority.

See bitcoin.org for screenshots.

Download link:
http://downloads.sourceforge.net/bitcoin/bitcoin-0.1.0.rar

Windows only for now.  Open source C++ code is included.

- Unpack the files into a directory
- Run BITCOIN.EXE
- It automatically connects to other nodes

If you can keep a node running that accepts incoming connections,
you'll really be helping the network a lot.  Port 8333 on your
firewall needs to be open to receive incoming connections.

The software is still alpha and experimental.  There's no guarantee
the system's state won't have to be restarted at some point if it
becomes necessary, although I've done everything I can to build in
extensibility and versioning.

You can get coins by getting someone to send you some, or turn on
Options->Generate Coins to run a node and generate blocks.  I made
the proof-of-work difficulty ridiculously easy to start with, so
for a little while in the beginning a typical PC will be able to
generate coins in just a few hours.  It'll get a lot harder when
competition makes the automatic adjustment drive up the difficulty.
Generated coins must wait 120 blocks to mature before they can be
spent.

There are two ways to send money.  If the recipient is online, you
can enter their IP address and it will connect, get a new public
key and send the transaction with comments.  If the recipient is
not online, it is possible to send to their Bitcoin address, which
is a hash of their public key that they give you.  They'll receive
the transaction the next time they connect and get the block it's
in.  This method has the disadvantage that no comment information
is sent, and a bit of privacy may be lost if the address is used
multiple times, but it is a useful alternative if both users can't
be online at the same time or the recipient can't receive incoming
connections.

Total circulation will be 21,000,000 coins.  It'll be distributed
to network nodes when they make blocks, with the amount cut in half
every 4 years.

first 4 years: 10,500,000 coins
next 4 years: 5,250,000 coins
next 4 years: 2,625,000 coins
next 4 years: 1,312,500 coins
etc...

When that runs out, the system can support transaction fees if
needed.  It's based on open market competition, and there will
probably always be nodes willing to process transactions for free.

Satoshi Nakamoto


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",,,
813,2009-01-11,2021-07-15,Bitcoin v0.1 released (2009-01-11 02:22:01),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2009-January/015004.html,en,Hal Finney,"cryptography, satoshi, email","Satoshi Nakamoto writes:
> Announcing the first release of Bitcoin, a new electronic cash
> system that uses a peer-to-peer network to prevent double-spending.
> It's completely decentralized with no server or central authority.
>
> See bitcoin.org for screenshots.
>
> Download link:
> http://downloads.sourceforge.net/bitcoin/bitcoin-0.1.0.rar

Congratulations to Satoshi on this first alpha release.  I am looking
forward to trying it out.

> Total circulation will be 21,000,000 coins.  It'll be distributed
> to network nodes when they make blocks, with the amount cut in half
> every 4 years.
>
> first 4 years: 10,500,000 coins
> next 4 years: 5,250,000 coins
> next 4 years: 2,625,000 coins
> next 4 years: 1,312,500 coins
> etc...

It's interesting that the system can be configured to only allow a
certain maximum number of coins ever to be generated. I guess the
idea is that the amount of work needed to generate a new coin will
become more difficult as time goes on.

One immediate problem with any new currency is how to value it. Even
ignoring the practical problem that virtually no one will accept it
at first, there is still a difficulty in coming up with a reasonable
argument in favor of a particular non-zero value for the coins.

As an amusing thought experiment, imagine that Bitcoin is successful and
becomes the dominant payment system in use throughout the world.  Then the
total value of the currency should be equal to the total value of all
the wealth in the world. Current estimates of total worldwide household
wealth that I have found range from $100 trillion to $300 trillion. With
20 million coins, that gives each coin a value of about $10 million.

So the possibility of generating coins today with a few cents of compute
time may be quite a good bet, with a payoff of something like 100 million
to 1! Even if the odds of Bitcoin succeeding to this degree are slim,
are they really 100 million to one against? Something to think about...

Hal

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",,,
814,2009-01-16,2021-07-15,Bitcoin v0.1 released (2009-01-16 16:03:14),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2009-January/015014.html,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"cryptography, satoshi, email","> Dustin D. Trammell wrote:
> > Satoshi Nakamoto wrote:
> > You know, I think there were a lot more people interested in the 90's,
> > but after more than a decade of failed Trusted Third Party based systems
> > (Digicash, etc), they see it as a lost cause. I hope they can make the
> > distinction that this is the first time I know of that we're trying a
> > non-trust-based system.
>
> Yea, that was the primary feature that caught my eye. The real trick
> will be to get people to actually value the BitCoins so that they become
> currency.
 
I would be surprised if 10 years from now we're not using
electronic currency in some way, now that we know a way to do it
that won't inevitably get dumbed down when the trusted third party
gets cold feet.

It could get started in a narrow niche like reward points,
donation tokens, currency for a game or micropayments for adult
sites.  Initially it can be used in proof-of-work applications
for services that could almost be free but not quite.

It can already be used for pay-to-send e-mail.  The send dialog is
resizeable and you can enter as long of a message as you like.
It's sent directly when it connects.  The recipient doubleclicks
on the transaction to see the full message.  If someone famous is
getting more e-mail than they can read, but would still like to
have a way for fans to contact them, they could set up Bitcoin and
give out the IP address on their website.  ""Send X bitcoins to my
priority hotline at this IP and I'll read the message personally.""

Subscription sites that need some extra proof-of-work for their
free trial so it doesn't cannibalize subscriptions could charge
bitcoins for the trial.

It might make sense just to get some in case it catches on.  If
enough people think the same way, that becomes a self fulfilling
prophecy.  Once it gets bootstrapped, there are so many
applications if you could effortlessly pay a few cents to a
website as easily as dropping coins in a vending machine.  

Satoshi Nakamoto
http://www.bitcoin.org


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",,,
815,2009-01-17,2021-07-15,Bitcoin v0.1 released (2009-01-17 16:49:45),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2009-January/015016.html,en,Jonathan Thornburg,"cryptography, satoshi, email","On Sat, 17 Jan 2009, Satoshi Nakamoto wrote:
[[various possible uses of Bitcoin et al]]
> Once it gets bootstrapped, there are so many
> applications if you could effortlessly pay a few cents to a
> website as easily as dropping coins in a vending machine.  

In the modern world, no major government wants to allow untracable
international financial transactions above some fairly modest size
thresholds.  (The usual catch-phrases are things like ""laundering
drug money"", ""tax evasion"", and/or ""financing terrorist groups"".)
To this end, electronic financial transactions are currently monitored
by various governments & their agencies, and any but the smallest of
transactions now come with various ID requirements for the humans
on each end.

But if each machine in a million-node botnet sends 10 cents to a
randomly chosen machine in another botnet on the other side of the
world, you've just moved $100K, in a way that seems very hard to
trace.  To me, this means that no major government is likely to allow
Bitcoin in its present form to operate on a large scale.

I also worry about other ""domestic"" ways nasty people could exploit
a widespread Bitcoin deployment:
* Spammer botnets could burn through pay-per-send email filters
  trivially (as usual, the costs would fall on people other than the
  botnet herders & spammers).
* If each machine in a botnet sends 1 cent to a herder, that can add
  up to a significant amount of money.  In other words, Bitcoin would
  make botnet herding and the assorted malware industry even more
  profitable than it already is.

Is there something obvious I've missed?  Is there a clever aspect of
the design which prevents botnets from exploiting the system?  Is there
a way for every major government to monitor all Bitcoin transactions
to watch for botnet-to-botnet sending?

-- 
-- From: ""Jonathan Thornburg [remove -animal to reply]"" <jthorn at astro.indiana-zebra.edu>
   Dept of Astronomy, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
   ""Washing one's hands of the conflict between the powerful and the
    powerless means to side with the powerful, not to be neutral.""
                                      -- quote by Freire / poster by Oxfam

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",,,
816,2009-01-24,2021-07-15,Bitcoin v0.1 released (2009-01-24 16:48:03),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2009-January/015036.html,en,Hal Finney,"cryptography, satoshi, email","Jonathan Thornburg writes:
> In the modern world, no major government wants to allow untracable
> international financial transactions above some fairly modest size
> thresholds.  (The usual catch-phrases are things like ""laundering
> drug money"", ""tax evasion"", and/or ""financing terrorist groups"".)
> To this end, electronic financial transactions are currently monitored
> by various governments & their agencies, and any but the smallest of
> transactions now come with various ID requirements for the humans
> on each end.
>
> But if each machine in a million-node botnet sends 10 cents to a
> randomly chosen machine in another botnet on the other side of the
> world, you've just moved $100K, in a way that seems very hard to
> trace.  To me, this means that no major government is likely to allow
> Bitcoin in its present form to operate on a large scale.

Certainly a valid point, and one which has been widely discussed in
the debates over the years about electronic cash. Bitcoin has a couple
of things going for it: one is that it is distributed, with no single
point of failure, no ""mint"", no company with officers that can be
subpoenaed and arrested and shut down. It is more like a P2P network,
and as we have seen, despite degrees of at least governmental distaste,
those are still around.

Bitcoin could also conceivably operate in a less anonymous mode, with
transfers being linked to individuals, rather than single-use keys. It
would still be useful to have a large scale, decentralized electronic
payment system.

It also might be possible to refactor and restructure Bitcoin to separate
out the key new idea, a decentralized, global, irreversible transaction
database. Such a functionality might be useful for other purposes. Once
it exists, using it to record monetary transfers would be a sort of side
effect and might be harder to shut down.

> I also worry about other ""domestic"" ways nasty people could exploit
> a widespread Bitcoin deployment:
> * Spammer botnets could burn through pay-per-send email filters
>   trivially (as usual, the costs would fall on people other than the
>   botnet herders & spammers).
> * If each machine in a botnet sends 1 cent to a herder, that can add
>   up to a significant amount of money.  In other words, Bitcoin would
>   make botnet herding and the assorted malware industry even more
>   profitable than it already is.

It's important to understand that the proof-of-work (POW) aspect of
Bitcoin is primarily oriented around ensuring the soundness of the
historical transaction database. Each Bitcoin data block records a set
of transactions, and includes a hash collision. Subsequent data blocks
have their own transactions, their own collisions, and also chain to
all earlier hashes.  The result is that once a block is ""buried"" under
enough new blocks, it is essentially certain (given the threat model,
namely that attackers cannot muster more than X% of the compute power
of legitimate node operators) that old transactions can't be reversed.

Creating new coins is indeed currently also being done by POW, but I
think that is seen as a temporary expedient, and in fact the current
software phases that out over several years. Hence worries about botnets
being able to manufacture large quantities of POW tokens are only a
temporary concern, in the context of Bitcoin.

There have been a number of discussions in the past about POW tokens as
anti spam measures, given the botnet threat. References are available from
""Proof-of-work system"" on Wikipedia. Analyses have yielded mixed results,
depending on the assumptions and system design.

If POW tokens do become useful, and especially if they become money,
machines will no longer sit idle. Users will expect their computers to
be earning them money (assuming the reward is greater than the cost to
operate). A computer whose earnings are being stolen by a botnet will
be more noticeable to its owner than is the case today, hence we might
expect that in that world, users will work harder to maintain their
computers and clean them of botnet infestations.

Countermeasures by botnet operators would include moderating their take,
perhaps only stealing 10% of the productive capacity of invaded computers,
so that their owners would be unlikely to notice. This kind of thinking
quickly degenerates into unreliable speculation, but it points out the
difficulties of analyzing the full ramifications of a world where POW
tokens are valuble.

Hal Finney

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",,,
817,2009-01-24,2021-07-15,Bitcoin v0.1 released (2009-01-24 23:22:21),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2009-January/015038.html,en,Bill Frantz,"cryptography, satoshi, email","hal at finney.org (""Hal Finney"") on Saturday, January 24, 2009 wrote:

>Countermeasures by botnet operators would include moderating their take,
>perhaps only stealing 10% of the productive capacity of invaded computers,
>so that their owners would be unlikely to notice. This kind of thinking
>quickly degenerates into unreliable speculation, but it points out the
>difficulties of analyzing the full ramifications of a world where POW
>tokens are valuble.

Some people tell me that the 0wned machines are among the most secure on
the network because botnet operators work hard to keep others from
compromising ""their"" machines. I could see the operators moving toward
being legitimate security firms, protecting computers against compromise in
exchange for some of the proof of work (POW) money.

Cheers - Bill

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bill Frantz        | When it comes to the world     | Periwinkle
(408)356-8506      | around us, is there any choice | 16345 Englewood Ave
www.pwpconsult.com | but to explore? - Lisa Randall | Los Gatos, CA 95032

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",,,
818,2009-01-25,2021-07-15,Bitcoin v0.1 released (2009-01-25 04:07:17),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2009-January/015040.html,en,dan at geer.org,"cryptography, satoshi, email","
Bill Frantz writes:
-+-----------------
 | Some people tell me that the 0wned machines are among the most
 | secure on the network because botnet operators work hard to
 | keep others from compromising ""their"" machines. I could see the
 | operators moving toward being legitimate security firms,
 | protecting computers against compromise in exchange for some of
 | the proof of work (POW) money.


I'm one of those people.  Quoting from my speech of 1/20:

> Virus attacks have, of course, become rarer over time, which is
> to say that where infectious agents once ruled, today it is
> parasites.  Parasites have no reason to kill their hosts -- on
> the contrary they want their hosts to survive well enough to
> feed the parasite.  A parasite will generally not care to be all
> that visible, either.  The difference between parasitism and
> symbiosis can be a close call in some settings, and of the folks
> who famously bragged of being able to take the Internet down in
> twenty minutes, one has said that a computer may be better
> managed once it is in a botnet than before since the bot-master
> will be serious about closing the machine up tight against
> further penetration and similarly serious about patch
> management.  Therefore, since one can then say that both the
> machine's nominal owner and the bot master are mutually helped,
> what we see is evolution from parasite to symbiont in action.
> According to Margulis and Sagan, ""Life did not take over the
> globe by combat, but by networking.""  On this basis and others,
> bot-nets are a life form.

Rest of text upon request.  Incidentally, I *highly* recommend
Daniel Suarez's _Daemon_; trust me as to its relevance.  Try
this for a non-fiction taste:

http://fora.tv/2008/08/08/Daniel_Suarez_Daemon_Bot-Mediated_Reality


--dan

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",,,
819,2009-01-25,2021-07-15,Bitcoin v0.1 released (2009-01-25 15:47:10),other,http://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2009-January/015041.html,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"cryptography, satoshi, email","Hal Finney wrote:
> > * Spammer botnets could burn through pay-per-send email filters
> >   trivially
> If POW tokens do become useful, and especially if they become money,
> machines will no longer sit idle. Users will expect their computers to
> be earning them money (assuming the reward is greater than the cost to
> operate). A computer whose earnings are being stolen by a botnet will
> be more noticeable to its owner than is the case today, hence we might
> expect that in that world, users will work harder to maintain their
> computers and clean them of botnet infestations.

Another factor that would mitigate spam if POW tokens have value:
there would be a profit motive for people to set up massive
quantities of fake e-mail accounts to harvest POW tokens from
spam.  They'd essentially be reverse-spamming the spammers with
automated mailboxes that collect their POW and don't read the
message.  The ratio of fake mailboxes to real people could become
too high for spam to be cost effective. 

The process has the potential to establish the POW token's value
in the first place, since spammers that don't have a botnet could
buy tokens from harvesters.  While the buying back would
temporarily let more spam through, it would only hasten the
self-defeating cycle leading to too many harvesters exploiting the
spammers.

Interestingly, one of the e-gold systems already has a form of
spam called ""dusting"".  Spammers send a tiny amount of gold dust
in order to put a spam message in the transaction's comment field.
 If the system let users configure the minimum payment they're
willing to receive, or at least the minimum that can have a
message with it, users could set how much they're willing to get
paid to receive spam.

Satoshi Nakamoto


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",,,
820,2008-12-10,2021-07-15,[bitcoin-list] Welcome (2008-12-10 17:00:23),other,https://sourceforge.net/p/bitcoin/mailman/message/21033408/,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"bitcoin-list, satoshi, email","Welcome to the Bitcoin mailing list!



",,,
821,2009-01-11,2021-07-15,Re: [bitcoin-list] Bitcoin v0.1 released (2009-01-11 03:16:43),other,https://sourceforge.net/p/bitcoin/mailman/message/21312757/,en,Hal Finney,"bitcoin-list, satoshi, email","Satoshi Nakamoto writes:
> Announcing the first release of Bitcoin, a new electronic cash
> system that uses a peer-to-peer network to prevent double-spending.
> It's completely decentralized with no server or central authority.
>
> See bitcoin.org for screenshots.
>
> Download link:
> http://downloads.sourceforge.net/bitcoin/bitcoin-0.1.0.rar

Congratulations to Satoshi on this first alpha release.  I am looking
forward to trying it out.

> Total circulation will be 21,000,000 coins.  It'll be distributed
> to network nodes when they make blocks, with the amount cut in half
> every 4 years.
>
> first 4 years: 10,500,000 coins
> next 4 years: 5,250,000 coins
> next 4 years: 2,625,000 coins
> next 4 years: 1,312,500 coins
> etc...

It's interesting that the system can be configured to only allow a
certain maximum number of coins ever to be generated. I guess the
idea is that the amount of work needed to generate a new coin will
become more difficult as time goes on.

One immediate problem with any new currency is how to value it. Even
ignoring the practical problem that virtually no one will accept it
at first, there is still a difficulty in coming up with a reasonable
argument in favor of a particular non-zero value for the coins.

As an amusing thought experiment, imagine that Bitcoin is successful and
becomes the dominant payment system in use throughout the world.  Then the
total value of the currency should be equal to the total value of all
the wealth in the world. Current estimates of total worldwide household
wealth that I have found range from $100 trillion to $300 trillion. With
20 million coins, that gives each coin a value of about $10 million.

So the possibility of generating coins today with a few cents of compute
time may be quite a good bet, with a payoff of something like 100 million
to 1! Even if the odds of Bitcoin succeeding to this degree are slim,
are they really 100 million to one against? Something to think about...

Hal


",,,
822,2009-01-11,2021-07-15,[bitcoin-list] Bitcoin v0.1.2 now available (2009-01-11 22:32:18),other,https://sourceforge.net/p/bitcoin/mailman/message/21303153/,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"bitcoin-list, satoshi, email","Bitcoin v0.1.2 is now available for download.

See http://www.bitcoin.org for the download link.

All the problems I've been finding are in the code that
automatically finds and connects to other nodes, since I wasn't
able to test it in the wild until now.  There are many more ways
for connections to get screwed up on the real Internet.

Bugs fixed:
- Fixed various problems that were making it hard for new nodes to
see other nodes to connect to.
- If you're behind a firewall, it could only receive one
connection, and the second connection would constantly disconnect
and reconnect.

These problems are kind of screwing up the network and will get
worse as more users arrive, so please make sure to upgrade.

Satoshi Nakamoto




",,,
823,2009-01-12,2021-07-15,[bitcoin-list] Bitcoin v0.1 Alpha release notes (2009-01-12 20:20:47),other,https://sourceforge.net/p/bitcoin/mailman/message/21312004/,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"bitcoin-list, satoshi, email","Release notes for Bitcoin v0.1 Alpha

Bitcoin is a new electronic cash system that uses a peer-to-peer 
network to prevent double-spending.  It's completely decentralized
with no server or central authority.
 
You can find screenshots and the download link at:
http://www.bitcoin.org
 
Windows only for now.  Open source C++ code is included.

- Unpack the files into a directory
- Run BITCOIN.EXE
- It automatically connects to other nodes

If you can keep a node running that accepts incoming connections,
you'll really be helping the network a lot.  Port 8333 on your
firewall needs to be open to receive incoming connections.

The software is still alpha and experimental.  There's no guarantee
the system's state won't have to be restarted at some point if it
becomes necessary, although I've done everything I can to build in
extensibility and versioning.

You can get coins by getting someone to send you some, or turn on
Options->Generate Coins to run a node and generate blocks.  I made
the proof-of-work difficulty ridiculously easy to start with, so
for a little while in the beginning a typical PC will be able to
generate coins in just a few hours.  It'll get a lot harder when
competition makes the automatic adjustment drive up the difficulty.
Generated coins must wait 120 blocks to mature before they can be
spent.

There are two ways to send money.  If the recipient is online, you
can enter their IP address and it will connect, get a new public
key and send the transaction with comments.  If the recipient is
not online, it is possible to send to their Bitcoin address, which
is a hash of their public key that they give you.  They'll receive
the transaction the next time they connect and get the block it's
in.  This method has the disadvantage that no comment information
is sent, and a bit of privacy may be lost if the address is used
multiple times, but it is a useful alternative if both users can't
be online at the same time or the recipient can't receive incoming
connections.

Total circulation will be 21,000,000 coins.  It'll be distributed
to network nodes when they make blocks, with the amount cut in half
every 4 years.

first 4 years: 10,500,000 coins
next 4 years: 5,250,000 coins
next 4 years: 2,625,000 coins
next 4 years: 1,312,500 coins
etc...

When that runs out, the system can support transaction fees if
needed.  It's based on open market competition, and there will
probably always be nodes willing to process transactions for free.

Satoshi Nakamoto




",,,
824,2009-01-12,2021-07-15,[bitcoin-list] Bitcoin v0.1.3 (2009-01-12 22:48:23),other,https://sourceforge.net/p/bitcoin/mailman/message/21313152/,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"bitcoin-list, satoshi, email","It looks like we're through with the worst of the Internet
connection issues.  0.1.3 fixed a problem where your node's
communications could go dead after a while.  The network is
running much more smoothly now with this version. 

If you've successfully generated a block, you've seen it has a
maturation countdown before you can spend it.  Once it matures,
the Credit column will change from 0.00 to 50.00.  For a block to
be valid, it has to be broadcasted to the network and get into the
block chain, which is why Generate does not run if you're not
connected.  If you generated a block without being connected, the
network wouldn't know about it and would continue building the
chain without it, leaving it behind, and the maturation countdown
would change to ""(not accepted)"" when your node sees that it
wasn't used.  If you subtract 1 from the status column, that's how
many blocks have been chained after yours.

Satoshi Nakamoto




",,,
825,2009-01-16,2021-07-15,Re: [bitcoin-list] Bitcoin v0.1 released (2009-01-16 18:35:32),other,https://sourceforge.net/p/bitcoin/mailman/message/21356305/,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"bitcoin-list, satoshi, email","> Dustin D. Trammell wrote:
> > Satoshi Nakamoto wrote:
> > You know, I think there were a lot more people interested in the 90's,
> > but after more than a decade of failed Trusted Third Party based systems
> > (Digicash, etc), they see it as a lost cause. I hope they can make the
> > distinction that this is the first time I know of that we're trying a
> > non-trust-based system.
>
> Yea, that was the primary feature that caught my eye. The real trick
> will be to get people to actually value the BitCoins so that they become
> currency.
 
I would be surprised if 10 years from now we're not using
electronic currency in some way, now that we know a way to do it
that won't inevitably get dumbed down when the trusted third party
gets cold feet.

It could get started in a narrow niche like reward points,
donation tokens, currency for a game or micropayments for adult
sites.  Initially it can be used in proof-of-work applications
for services that could almost be free but not quite.

It can already be used for pay-to-send e-mail.  The send dialog is
resizeable and you can enter as long of a message as you like.
It's sent directly when it connects.  The recipient doubleclicks
on the transaction to see the full message.  If someone famous is
getting more e-mail than they can read, but would still like to
have a way for fans to contact them, they could set up Bitcoin and
give out the IP address on their website.  ""Send X bitcoins to my
priority hotline at this IP and I'll read the message personally.""

Subscription sites that need some extra proof-of-work for their
free trial so it doesn't cannibalize subscriptions could charge
bitcoins for the trial.

It might make sense just to get some in case it catches on.  If
enough people think the same way, that becomes a self fulfilling
prophecy.  Once it gets bootstrapped, there are so many
applications if you could effortlessly pay a few cents to a
website as easily as dropping coins in a vending machine.  

Satoshi Nakamoto
http://www.bitcoin.org




",,,
826,2009-01-25,2021-07-15,[bitcoin-list] Problems (2009-01-25 10:17:52),other,https://sourceforge.net/p/bitcoin/mailman/message/21423198/,en,Nicholas Bohm,"bitcoin-list, satoshi, email","I have had a couple of problems running bitcoin:  is this an appropriate
list for reporting them (with about 70kb of attachments)?

Nicholas Bohm
-- 
Salkyns, Great Canfield, Takeley,
Bishop's Stortford CM22 6SX, UK

Phone  01279 870285    (+44 1279 870285)
Mobile  07715 419728    (+44 7715 419728)

PGP public key ID: 0x899DD7FF.  Fingerprint:
5248 1320 B42E 84FC 1E8B  A9E6 0912 AE66 899D D7FF


",,,
827,2009-01-25,2021-07-15,Re: [bitcoin-list] Problems (2009-01-25 16:45:25),other,https://sourceforge.net/p/bitcoin/mailman/message/21424626/,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"bitcoin-list, satoshi, email","From: Nicholas Bohm 2009-01-25 10:17
> I have had a couple of problems running bitcoin: is this an appropriate
> list for reporting them (with about 70kb of attachments)?

What's the problem you're having?

If you send me your debug.log file directly (best not to send attachments
to the list), I can take a look at what's happening.

Satoshi Nakamoto
bitcoin-help at vistomail dot com




",,,
828,2009-02-04,2021-07-15,[bitcoin-list] Bitcoin v0.1.5 released (2009-02-04 19:46:04),other,https://sourceforge.net/p/bitcoin/mailman/message/21500063/,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"bitcoin-list, satoshi, email","Version 0.1.5 is now available.  It includes the fix for the problem
Nicholas had, checking for disk full and changes to try to improve
things that were confusing.

Special thanks to Nicholas and Dustin for all their help and feedback!

Download link:
http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=244765&package_id=298441

Changes:
- disk full warning
- fixed a bug that could occur if dns lookup failed
- prevent entering your own address in the address book,
    which confusingly changed the label for your own address
- moved change address button to menu under options
- tweaks to make it get connected faster
- close sockets on exit
- created minimum fee for transactions less than 1 cent
- hid the transaction-type selection box that only had one choice
- cleaned up ParseMoney a little
- slightly cleaner reformatting of message text
- changed the font in transaction details dialog
- added some explanation text to transaction details for generated coins
- reworded the description for transactions received with bitcoin address

Satoshi Nakamoto
http://www.bitcoin.org





",,,
829,2009-02-18,2021-07-15,[bitcoin-list] Bitcoin v0.1.5 released (2009-02-18 14:55:50),other,https://sourceforge.net/p/bitcoin/mailman/message/21610990/,en,Nicholas Bohm,"bitcoin-list, satoshi, email","Version 0.1.5 seems to be running trouble free.  I have a list of 201
transactions, I've accumulated about bc8550.  Transfers in and out seem
to work fine (after a bit of head-scratching to understand the labelling
of incoming transactions).

What's next?

Nicholas Bohm
-- 
Salkyns, Great Canfield, Takeley,
Bishop's Stortford CM22 6SX, UK

Phone  01279 870285    (+44 1279 870285)
Mobile  07715 419728    (+44 7715 419728)

PGP public key ID: 0x899DD7FF.  Fingerprint:
5248 1320 B42E 84FC 1E8B  A9E6 0912 AE66 899D D7FF


",,,
830,2009-02-22,2021-07-15,Re: [bitcoin-list] Bitcoin v0.1.5 released (2009-02-22 17:47:52),other,https://sourceforge.net/p/bitcoin/mailman/message/21646307/,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"bitcoin-list, satoshi, email","> What's next?

The next thing for v0.1.6 is to take advantage of multiple
processors to generate blocks.  Currently it only starts one
thread.  If you have a multi-core processor like a Core Duo or
Quad this will double or quadruple your production.

Later I want to add interfaces to make it really easy to integrate
into websites from any server side language.

Satoshi

http://www.bitcoin.org




",,,
831,2009-02-27,2021-07-15,Re: [bitcoin-list] Bitcoin v0.1.5 released (2009-02-27 20:00:12),other,https://sourceforge.net/p/bitcoin/mailman/message/21697543/,en,Hal Finney,"bitcoin-list, satoshi, email","On Sun, Feb 22, 2009 at 9:35 AM, Satoshi Nakamoto <satoshi@...> wrote:
>> What's next?
>
> The next thing for v0.1.6 is to take advantage of multiple
> processors to generate blocks.  Currently it only starts one
> thread.  If you have a multi-core processor like a Core Duo or
> Quad this will double or quadruple your production.

That sounds good. I'd also like to be able to run multiple coin/block
generators on multiple machines, all behind a single NAT address. I
haven't tried this yet so I don't know if it works on the current
software.

BTW I don't remember if we talked about this, but the other day some
people were mentioning secure timestamping. You want to be able to
prove that a certain document existed at a certain time in the past.
Seems to me that bitcoin's stack of blocks would be perfect for this.

> Later I want to add interfaces to make it really easy to integrate
> into websites from any server side language.

Right, and I'd like to see more of a library interface that could be
called from programming or scripting languages, on the client side as
well.

Hal


",,,
832,2009-03-04,2021-07-15,Re: [bitcoin-list] Bitcoin v0.1.5 released (2009-03-04 16:59:12),other,https://sourceforge.net/p/bitcoin/mailman/message/21740046/,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"bitcoin-list, satoshi, email","Hal Finney wrote:
> That sounds good. I'd also like to be able to run multiple coin/block
> generators on multiple machines, all behind a single NAT address. I
> haven't tried this yet so I don't know if it works on the current
> software.

The current version will work fine.  They'll each connect over the
Internet, while incoming connections only come to the host that
port 8333 is routed to. 

As an optimisation, I'll make a switch ""-connect=1.2.3.4"" to make
it only connect to a specific address.  You could make your extra
nodes connect to your primary, and only the primary connects over
the Internet.  It doesn't really matter for now, since the network
would have to get huge before the bandwidth is anything more than
trivial.


> BTW I don't remember if we talked about this, but the other day some
> people were mentioning secure timestamping. You want to be able to
> prove that a certain document existed at a certain time in the past.
> Seems to me that bitcoin's stack of blocks would be perfect for this.

Indeed, Bitcoin is a distributed secure timestamp server for
transactions.  A few lines of code could create a transaction with
an extra hash in it of anything that needs to be timestamped.  
I should add a command to timestamp a file that way.


> > > Later I want to add interfaces to make it really easy to integrate
> > > into websites from any server side language.
>
> Right, and I'd like to see more of a library interface that could be
> called from programming or scripting languages, on the client side as
> well.
 
Exactly.

 
Satoshi Nakamoto

http://www.bitcoin.org



",,,
833,2009-10-23,2021-07-15,[bitcoin-list] Does Bitcoin Crash in Windows? (2009-10-23 11:50:10),other,https://sourceforge.net/p/bitcoin/mailman/message/23818861/,en,Liberty Standard,"bitcoin-list, satoshi, email"," Do you Windows users experience occasional Bitcoin crashes?

Lately Bitcoin running in wine-1.0.1 has been crashing frequently. I was
just wondering whether this is a Wine issue or a Bitcoin issue. I speculate
it might have something to do with how many Bitcoins I have since it would
crash less when I had less bitcoins and now crashes more now that I have
more bitcoins. It makes me hesitant to send my balance of bitcoins to my
fresh Bitcoin installation. But this might just be my imagination since it
has crashed a few times after installing Bitcoin afresh.

The following four lines print from the terminal when I start Bitcoin.
fixme:toolhelp:CreateToolhelp32Snapshot Unimplemented: heap list snapshot
fixme:toolhelp:Heap32ListFirst : stub
fixme:toolhelp:CreateToolhelp32Snapshot Unimplemented: heap list snapshot
fixme:toolhelp:Heap32ListFirst : stub

I previously wasn't starting Bitcoin from the terminal, so I don't know what
gets printed out when it crashes, but I'll reply with the results the next
time it crashes.

While Bitcoin first downloads previously completed blocks, the file
debug.log grows grows to 17.4 MB and then stops growing. I imagine it will
continue to grow as more bitcoins are completed.

~NewLibertyStandard~

",,,
834,2009-10-23,2021-07-15,Re: [bitcoin-list] Does Bitcoin Crash in Windows? (2009-10-23 23:57:51),other,https://sourceforge.net/p/bitcoin/mailman/message/23824064/,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"bitcoin-list, satoshi, email","Liberty Standard wrote:
>  Do you Windows users experience occasional Bitcoin crashes?
> Lately Bitcoin running in wine-1.0.1 has been crashing frequently. I was
> just wondering whether this is a Wine issue or a Bitcoin issue. 

I haven't had any reports of crashes in v0.1.5.  It's been rock solid 
for me on Windows.  I think it must be Wine related.  If you get another 
crash in Wine and it prints anything on the terminal, e-mail me and I 
may be able to figure out what happened, maybe something I can work 
around.  Martti and I have been working on a new version to release soon 
and it would be nice to get any Wine fixes in there.

> The following four lines print from the terminal when I start Bitcoin.
> fixme:toolhelp:CreateToolhelp32Snapshot Unimplemented: heap list snapshot
> fixme:toolhelp:Heap32ListFirst : stub
> fixme:toolhelp:CreateToolhelp32Snapshot Unimplemented: heap list snapshot
> fixme:toolhelp:Heap32ListFirst : stub

Those don't look like anything to worry about.  Probably functions 
unimplemented by Wine that are harmlessly stubbed out.

> I previously wasn't starting Bitcoin from the terminal, so I don't know what
> gets printed out when it crashes, but I'll reply with the results the next
> time it crashes.
> 
> While Bitcoin first downloads previously completed blocks, the file
> debug.log grows grows to 17.4 MB and then stops growing. I imagine it will
> continue to grow as more bitcoins are completed.

You can delete debug.log occasionally if you don't want to take the disk 
space.  It's just status messages that help with debugging.

bitcoin.sourceforge.net looks fine now.  Maybe sourceforge was doing 
some maintenance.

Satoshi


",,,
835,2009-10-24,2021-07-15,Re: [bitcoin-list] Does Bitcoin Crash in Windows? (2009-10-24 15:05:07),other,https://sourceforge.net/p/bitcoin/mailman/message/23827020/,en,Mike Hearn,"bitcoin-list, satoshi, email",">
>
> The following four lines print from the terminal when I start Bitcoin.
> fixme:toolhelp:CreateToolhelp32Snapshot Unimplemented: heap list snapshot
> fixme:toolhelp:Heap32ListFirst : stub
> fixme:toolhelp:CreateToolhelp32Snapshot Unimplemented: heap list snapshot
> fixme:toolhelp:Heap32ListFirst : stub
>

That just means it failed to create a minidump, so yeah, not the cause of
the crash.

To find the cause of the crash you'd need to run it with a +seh,+relay trace
and find out what the app was doing before it crashed, or look in the
bitcoin logs.

",,,
836,2009-10-26,2021-07-15,Re: [bitcoin-list] Does Bitcoin Crash in Windows? (2009-10-26 12:46:27),other,https://sourceforge.net/p/bitcoin/mailman/message/23838155/,en,Eugen Leitl,"bitcoin-list, satoshi, email","On Sat, Oct 24, 2009 at 12:55:06AM +0100, Satoshi Nakamoto wrote:

> bitcoin.sourceforge.net looks fine now.  Maybe sourceforge was doing 

Doesn't work right now.

> some maintenance.

Still no .deb packages for Bitcoin?

-- 
Eugen* Leitl <a href=""http://leitl.org"">leitl</a>; http://leitl.org
______________________________________________________________
ICBM: 48.07100, 11.36820 http://www.ativel.com http://postbiota.org
8B29F6BE: 099D 78BA 2FD3 B014 B08A  7779 75B0 2443 8B29 F6BE


",,,
837,2009-12-17,2021-07-15,[bitcoin-list] Bitcoin 0.2 released (2009-12-17 06:52:09),other,https://sourceforge.net/p/bitcoin/mailman/message/24205662/,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"bitcoin-list, satoshi, email","Bitcoin 0.2 is here!

Download (Windows, and now Linux version available)
http://sourceforge.net/projects/bitcoin/files/

New Features

Martti Malmi
  - Minimize to system tray option
  - Autostart on boot option so you can keep it running in the 
background automatically
  - New options dialog layout for future expansion
  - Setup program for Windows
  - Linux version (tested on Ubuntu)
Satoshi Nakamoto
  - Multi-processor support for coin generation
  - Proxy support for use with TOR
  - Fixed some slowdowns in the initial block download

We also have a new forum at http://www.bitcoin.org/smf/

Many thanks to Martti (sirius-m) for all his development work, and to 
New Liberty Standard for his help with testing the Linux version.

Satoshi Nakamoto


",,,
838,2010-07-06,2021-07-15,[bitcoin-list] Bitcoin 0.3 released! (2010-07-06 21:53:53),other,https://sourceforge.net/p/bitcoin/mailman/message/25686730/,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"bitcoin-list, satoshi, email","Announcing version 0.3 of Bitcoin, the P2P cryptocurrency!  Bitcoin is a 
digital currency using cryptography and a distributed network to replace 
the need for a trusted central server.  Escape the arbitrary inflation 
risk of centrally managed currencies!  Bitcoin's total circulation is 
limited to 21 million coins.  The coins are gradually released to the 
network's nodes based on the CPU power they contribute, so you can get a 
share of them by contributing your idle CPU time.

What's new:
- Command line and JSON-RPC control
- Includes a daemon version without GUI
- Transaction filter tabs
- 20% faster hashing
- Hashmeter performance display
- Mac OS X version (thanks to Laszlo)
- German, Dutch and Italian translations (thanks to DataWraith, Xunie 
and Joozero)

Get it at http://www.bitcoin.org, and read the forum to find out more.



",,,
839,2010-07-30,2021-07-15,[bitcoin-list] Alert: upgrade to bitcoin 0.3.6 (2010-07-30 06:02:38),other,https://sourceforge.net/p/bitcoin/mailman/message/25843947/,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"bitcoin-list, satoshi, email","Please upgrade to 0.3.6 ASAP to get an important bugfix.

See the bitcoin.org homepage for download links.



",,,
840,2010-08-15,2021-07-15,[bitcoin-list] ALERT - we are investigating a problem (2010-08-15 20:38:33),other,https://sourceforge.net/p/bitcoin/mailman/message/25954806/,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"bitcoin-list, satoshi, email","*** WARNING ***  We are investigating a problem.  DO NOT TRUST ANY 
TRANSACTIONS THAT HAPPENED AFTER 15.08.2010 17:05 UTC (block 74638) 
until the issue is resolved.


",,,
841,2010-12-08,2021-07-15,[bitcoin-list] Bitcoin 0.3.18 is released (2010-12-08 23:11:55),other,https://sourceforge.net/p/bitcoin/mailman/message/26722835/,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"bitcoin-list, satoshi, email","Version 0.3.18 is now available.

Changes:
- Fixed a wallet.dat compatibility problem if you downgraded from 0.3.17 
and then upgraded again
- IsStandard() check to only include known transaction types in blocks
- Jgarzik's optimisation to speed up the initial block download a little

The main addition in this release is the Accounts-based JSON-RPC 
commands that Gavin's been working on (more details at 
http://www.bitcoin.org/smf/index.php?topic=1886.0).
- getaccountaddress
- sendfrom
- move
- getbalance
- listtransactions

Download:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/bitcoin/files/Bitcoin/bitcoin-0.3.18/





",,,
842,2010-12-13,2021-07-15,[bitcoin-list] Bitcoin 0.3.19 is released (2010-12-13 16:12:09),other,https://sourceforge.net/p/bitcoin/mailman/message/26744510/,en,Satoshi Nakamoto,"bitcoin-list, satoshi, email","This is a minor release to add some DoS protection.

Changes:
- Added some DoS limits, though it's still far from DoS resistant.
- Removed ""safe mode"" alerts.

http://www.bitcoin.org/smf/index.php?topic=2228.0

Download:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/bitcoin/files/Bitcoin/bitcoin-0.3.19/


",,,
843,2013-12-20,2021-07-14,Mastercoin is a Nightmare of Insanity,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/mastercoin-is-a-nightmare-of-insanity,en,Daniel Krawisz,shitcoins,No one should ever use Mastercoin under any circumstances or appraise their value as anything above zero.,,money-burning-inflation.jpg,
844,2013-12-15,2021-07-14,The Bitcoin Central Bank's Perfect Monetary Policy,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/the-bitcoin-central-banks-perfect-monetary-policy,en,Pierre Rochard,"money, policy",The Bitcoin Central Bank will be the longest lasting institution of its kind thanks to the anti-fragile independent monetary policy it has set in stone.,,bitcoin1.jpg,
845,2013-08-22,2021-07-14,The Problem with Altcoins,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/the-problem-with-altcoins,en,Daniel Krawisz,shitcoins,"In short, the altcoin phenomenon is the product of greed and bounded rationality.",,bull.jpg,
846,2013-07-02,2021-07-14,The Original Value of Bitcoins,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/the-original-value-of-bitcoins,en,Daniel Krawisz,value,"Once it was known that bitcoin could be sold, even for a pittance, new possibilities opened up.",,freedom.jpg,
847,2013-06-24,2021-07-14,The Proof-of-Work Concept,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/the-proof-of-work-concept,en,Daniel Krawisz,pow,"Proof-of-work should not be seen as a mysterious or wasteful system, but as something functional, natural, and potentially of value for the design of any communication protocol.",,Bitcoin-blue.jpg,
848,2013-06-05,2021-07-14,The Risk from the Software Industry,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/crypto-anarchy-and-libertarian-entrepreneurship-4,en,Daniel Krawisz,software,Stay one step ahead of the government and don’t get embroiled in politics.,,privacy.jpg,
849,2013-05-29,2021-07-14,The Killer App of Liberty,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/crypto-anarchy-and-libertarian-entrepreneurship-3,en,Daniel Krawisz,freedom,"If Bitcoin becomes money, the government’s control of money will have ended.",,woman-sitting-mountain.jpg,
850,2013-05-24,2021-07-14,Public-Key Cryptography,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/crypto-anarchy-and-libertarian-entrepreneurship-2,en,Daniel Krawisz,"keys, cryptography",Public-key cryptography is the greatest tool of liberty ever devised.,,colosseum.jpg,
851,2013-05-22,2021-07-14,The Strategy,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/crypto-anarchy-and-libertarian-entrepreneurship-1,en,Daniel Krawisz,strategy,"With cryptography, one libertarian inventor can create an entire libertarian society.",,bitcoin5.jpg,
852,2013-02-22,2021-07-14,Fractional Reserve Banking is Obsolete,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/fractional-reserve-banking-is-obsolete,en,Pierre Rochard,"money, policy",There is no reason to deposit your money with a 3rd party. Bitcoin makes fractional reserve banking an obsolete technology.,,story.jpg,
853,2013-02-19,2021-07-14,End the Fed: Hoard Bitcoins,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/end-the-fed-hoard-bitcoins,en,Pierre Rochard,adoption,"Low transaction costs make Bitcoin the most competitive medium of exchange in humanity’s history, and it may be the case that a currency with even lower transaction costs is theoretically impossible.",,time.jpg,
854,2012-12-24,2021-07-14,Working and Saving are Revolutionary Acts,article,https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/working-and-saving-are-revolutionary-acts,en,Pierre Rochard,saving,New capital formation is the impetus for two trends that push the equilibrium of all industries towards decentralized markets: increasing technological sophistication and a deepening of the division of labor.,,money-burning-inflation.jpg,
855,,2021-07-18,¿Cómo empezar en Bitcoin?,audio,https://bit.ly/PrincipiantesBitcoin,es,,beginners,Serie de podcasts para principiantes con todo lo que necesitas para empezar a utilizar bitcoin con tranquilidad,,,
856,,2021-07-18,Introducción de la Bitcoin Wiki,article,https://es.bitcoin.it/wiki/Introducci%C3%B3n,es,,beginners,Ejemplo de un pago a través de internet y por qué es útil el uso de Bitcoin,,,
857,,2021-07-18,La tesis alcista de Bitcoin,article,https://medium.com/@vijayboyapati/la-tesis-alcista-de-bitcoin-parte-1-de-4-7b2e7ac5f07,es,,bullish,Artículo maravilloso de Vijay Boyapati sobre por qué razones deberiamos pensar en Bitcoin de forma alcista. Traducido al español por Iñigo y Carlos Beltran.,,,
858,,2021-07-18,¿Qué es Bitcoin?,video,https://youtu.be/uo8D-jbz5UM,es,Juan Rodríguez,beginners,"Qué es Bitcoin y porque es la representación más pura de lo que llamamos Dinero, por Juan Rodríguez",,,
859,,2021-07-18,Características de Bitcoin,video,https://youtu.be/yqMSsYl9nsI,es,Franco Amati,beginners,"Pequeño repaso histórico y explicación de las principales características (Medio de pago, Reserva de Valor, Unidad de Cuenta, Inconfiscable, Privado, Portable, Resistente a la censura, finito) con Franco Amati",,,
860,,2021-07-18,¿Qué debes saber de Bitcoin?,article,https://bitcoin.org/es/debes-saber,es,,beginners,"Explicaciones importantes sobre la protección de los monederos, la votilidad del precio, la irreversibilidad de los pagos, bitcoin no es anónimo etc",,,
861,,2021-07-18,Ideas equivocadas sobre Bitcoin 1,audio,https://anchor.fm/lunaticoin/episodes/L49-Dudas-comunes-Bitcoin-101-eak4un,es,Josema,"beginners, misconceptions",Doble programa con Josema que aclara las dudas comunes que tiene la gente sobre Bitcoin,,,
862,,2021-07-18,"¿Qué, cómo y para qué?",article,http://tutorialbtc.com,es,Franco Amati,beginners,Extensa guía de Franco Amati sobre como empezar en Bitcoin.,,,
863,,2021-07-18,Diccionario Bitcoin,audio,https://youtu.be/oHl8TLznbNE,es,,beginners,Qué significan todas esas palabrejas Bitcoin que tanto se escuchan? Julian Drangosch las define en este podcast,,money-burning-inflation.jpg,
864,,2021-07-18,El internet del dinero,collection,https://www.amazon.com/gp/bookseries/B075VG4NTN/,es,,beginners,Selección de conferencias de Andreas Antonopoulus donde explica el porqué Bitcoin es necesario para nuestra sociedad,,bitcoin1.jpg,
865,,2021-07-18,El pequeño libro de Bitcoin,book,https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/50509246-el-peque-o-libro-de-bitcoin?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=sIAYoQjGxu&rank=1,es,,beginners,"Libro ligero escrito a 8 manos y que trata temas como qué es Bitcoin, qué pasa con nuestro dinero y por qué Bitcoin es importante para los derechos humanos.",,bull.jpg,
866,,2021-07-18,El dinero Bitcoin,book,https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/46183686-el-dinero-bitcoin?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=Is9PK2RWII&rank=1,es,,beginners,Libro para niños sobre qué es el dinero Bitcoin,,freedom.jpg,
867,,2021-07-18,¿Qué es una wallet?,article,https://estudiobitcoin.com/que-es-y-para-que-sirve-una-wallet-de-bitcoin/,es,,"beginners, wallet","Qué son las wallets, las claves públicas y privadas y qué precauciones tomar.",,Bitcoin-blue.jpg,
868,,2021-07-18,Tu primera wallet Bitcoin,audio,https://youtu.be/f35i4EPQRMY,es,,"beginners, wallet",Qué pasos seguir para empezar a utilizar tu primera wallet Bitcoin. Podcast de un servidor con Diego Gurpegui,,privacy.jpg,
869,,2021-07-18,Qué Wallets escoger,article,https://estudiobitcoin.com/wallets/,es,,"beginners, wallet","Explicación de Estudio Bitcoin de qué wallet escoger en función de tus necesidades, aptitudes y deseos de privacidad",,woman-sitting-mountain.jpg,
870,,2021-07-18,Comprar Bitcoin,article,https://estudiobitcoin.com/comprar-y-vender/,es,,"beginners, buy",Artículo de Estudio Bitcoin sobre cómo comprar Bitcoin y los diferentes sistemas que hay para hacerlo.,,colosseum.jpg,
871,,2021-07-18,Conseguir Bitcoin de forma anónima,audio,https://anchor.fm/lunaticoin/episodes/L28-De-0-a-Bitcoin-Annimo-con-Arkad-e4l3sd,es,Arkad,"beginners, buy",Podcast con Arkad en el que repasamos las maneras que existen de conseguir Bitcoin de forma anónima,,bitcoin5.jpg,
872,,2021-07-18,Implicaciones fiscales tener Bitcoin,audio,https://anchor.fm/lunaticoin/episodes/L08-Cris-Carrascosa-y-la-Fiscalidad-Cripto-e32bf9,es,Cris Carrascosa,"beginners, custody","Podcast con Cris Carrascosa, abogada especialista en fiscalidad cripto sobre las consideraciones fiscales que hemos de tener al comprar y vender Bitcoin",,story.jpg,
873,,2021-07-18,Impuestos Cripto,video,https://youtu.be/AQfdgrYvpeo,es,José Antonio Bravo,"beginners, tax",Explicación de José Antonio Bravo con Juan en Cripto,,time.jpg,
874,,2021-07-18,Cobrar en Bitcoin,audio,https://anchor.fm/lunaticoin/episodes/L52-Cobrar-en-Bitcoin-con-Cris-Carrascosa-eb3olg,es,,"beginners, payments",Consideraciones fiscales por cobrar Bitcoin en bienes y servicios,,money-burning-inflation.jpg,
875,,2021-07-18,E-commerce BTC,collection,https://bitcoinshirt.co/btcpay-stores/,es,,"beginners, ecommerce",Listado de ecommerce que aceptan Bitcoin via el procesador de pago Open Source BTCPayServer,,money-burning-inflation.jpg,
876,,2021-07-18,Bitempresa,tool,https://bitempresa.com/mapa-empresas/,es,,map,Mapa de empresas que aceptan Bitcoin,,bitcoin1.jpg,
877,,2021-07-18,Coinmap,tool,https://coinmap.org/view/,es,,map,Otro mapa con empresas y ATMs Bitcoin,,scripture-with-candles.jpg,
878,,2021-07-18,10 Errores Bitcoin,audio,https://anchor.fm/lunaticoin/episodes/L59-10-Errores-Bitcoin-con-Diego-Gurpegui-ecj4ac,es,,misconceptions,Podcast con Diego Gurpegui algo más técnico sobre 10 Errores de utilizar Bitcoin,,fractal.jpg,
879,,2021-07-18,¿Qué diablos es Bitcoin?,article,https://inbestia.com/analisis/que-diablos-es-bitcoin,es,,beginners,Definición esencial y brillante de Manuel Polavieja. Para mi una de las más importantes para entender por qué Bitcoin y no alguna critpomoneda,,bitcoin3.jpg,
880,,2021-07-18,"Bitcoin, la digitalización que importa",article,https://estudiobitcoin.com/bitcoin-la-digitalizacion-que-importa/,es,,beginners,Escrito por un servidor sobre la verdadera revolución de Bitcoin en su digitalización,,Bitcoin-blue.jpg,
881,,2021-07-18,¿Qué es Bitcoin?,video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PxMDljqgVQ,es,Adolfo Contreras,beginners,"Qué es el dinero, por qué Bitcoin es importante y por qué Blockchain no por Adolfo Contreras",,woman-sitting-mountain.jpg,
882,,2021-07-18,¿Qué es Bitcoin?,video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O2CEbNIWkpI,es,Félix Moreno,beginners,Bitcoin por Félix Moreno desde la óptica del dinero en el Insituto Juan de Mariana (38 minutos + 1 hora de preguntas),,colosseum.jpg,
883,,2021-07-18,El patrón Bitcoin,book,https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/41954900-el-patr-n-bitcoin?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=D2AdJMqiy5&rank=1,es,,"history, money","Libro del economista Saifedean Ammous y que, entre otras cosas, ubica a Bitcoin dentro de la historia del dinero y destaca su importancia. 80% economía, 20% Bitcoin.",,puppet.jpg,
884,,2021-07-18,¿Cómo funciona Bitcoin?,article,https://bitcoin.org/es/como-funciona,es,,beginners,Explicación general del funcionamiento de Bitcoin,,story.jpg,
885,,2021-07-18,Cómo funciona el PoW o Proof of Work,article,https://estudiobitcoin.com/que-es-la-prueba-de-trabajo/,es,,pow,Artículo delicioso de Diego Gurpegui para estudio Bitcoin en el que explica cómo entender la prueba de trabajo para todos los públicos,,mine.jpg,
886,,2021-07-18,"Seguridad, consenso y descentralización",article,https://estudiobitcoin.com/seguridad-consenso-y-descentralizacion-de-que-hablas-cuando-hablas/,es,,"security, consensus, decentralization","de nuevo, otro genial artículo de Diego Gurpegui para Estudio Bitcoin en el que explica cómo entender estos 3 conceptos que tanto se mencionan en bitcoin",,mining.jpg,
887,,2021-07-18,Bitcoin Wiki,collection,https://es.bitcoin.it/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal,es,,wiki,Wikipedia de Bitcoin con numerosos artículos técnicos sobre su funcionamiento,,bitcoin2.jpg,
888,2021-07-14,2021-07-21,La prehistoria de Bitcoin pt. 1,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/la-prehistoria-de-bitcoin-pt-1,es,Pedro Solimano,history,Mini-serie sobre BTC,,,
889,2021-07-09,2021-07-21,Entrevista a Nic Carter,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/entrevista-a-nic-carter,es,Pedro Solimano,interviews,"""Bitcoin es un voto de no confianza en el sistema antiguo""",,,
890,2021-07-07,2021-07-21,"Bitcoin, ¿es para criminales?",article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/bitcoin-es-para-criminales,es,Pedro Solimano,criminals,Una mirada cuantitativa,,,
891,2021-08-12,2021-08-09,Bitcoin’s Energy Usage Isn’t a Problem. Here’s Why.,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/bitcoins-energy-usage-is-not-a-problem-heres-why-by-lyn-alden,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/c0e8ef16ff284bc6adcd67058d995c2a/41701/lyn-energy-cover.jpg]

 Bitcoin’s energy usage has been in the news for years. 

It’s often criti­cized for using too much energy, or not making efficient use of
its energy, or in extreme cases, being an outright climate/ener...",,ngu.jpg,
892,2021-08-12,2021-07-29,5 Ways To Earn Bitcoin,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/5-ways-to-earn-bitcoin,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/882af5f76a3ffcdbbdf5b4a672afe1b5/0ccb9/Add-a-heading-9.png]

One thing you may hear a lot is that in order for you to under­stand Bitcoin,
you have to get some skin in the game and actually have some bitcoin of your
own. Well, what if I told you that there are way...",,ngu.jpg,
893,2021-08-12,2021-06-30,The Diminishing Influence of Halvings on Bitcoin’s Price,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/the-diminishing-influence-of-halvings-on-bitcoins-price-geertjancap,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/b95c066ae625b7656a0e33786a88cf00/0ccb9/Add-a-heading-1.png]

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Author & analysis: @GeertJanCap [https://twitter.com/Geertjancap]
Co-author: Cory Klipp­sten [https://twitter.com/corykli...",,sunset.jpg,
894,2021-08-12,2021-06-30,How Much of the World’s Population Owns Bitcoin Today?,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/how-much-of-the-worlds-population-owns-bitcoin-today,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/a80967c1242d9e0bd12b1c4978e48b7d/0ccb9/Add-a-heading-4.png]


 ~46 MILLION AMERICAN ADULTS OWN BITCOIN TODAY, AND BITCOIN IS CURRENTLY AT
$35,000.



What happens when 3 billion adults globally own Bitcoin? 🚀

Read more to find out 👇



One of the biggest blinds...",,time.jpg,
895,2021-08-12,2021-06-30,Why Every Investor Should Have Bitcoin in Their Portfolio,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/why-every-investor-should-have-bitcoin-in-their-portfolio,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/512c811397da76bff49fd6db24e2e78c/0ccb9/Add-a-heading-3.png]


IF YOU EVER INVESTED JUST 1% OF YOUR MONEY IN BITCOIN, THEN YOU INCREASED YOUR
PORTFOLIO’S RETURNS, WHILE REDUCING RISK, 100% OF THE TIME OVER 3 YEAR PERIODS. 



Sound too good to be true? Read on 👇

...",,matrix.jpg,
896,2021-08-12,2021-06-29,Is Bitcoin’s Price Too High to Invest?,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/is-bitcoins-price-too-high-to-invest-in,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/c3be59cd6fa5f144dcd7ca4e58f8acd5/0ccb9/Add-a-heading-2.png]


TODAY, LESS THAN 2% OF THE WORLD OWNS BITCOIN & BITCOIN’S PRICE IS $33,000. 



Not convinced you’re early to Bitcoin? Keep reading 👇



Whenever someone discovers Bitcoin there are two phases that typ...",,capitol.jpg,
897,2021-08-12,2021-05-17,Why Bitcoin Will End The Worst Heist In History,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/why-bitcoin-will-end-the-worst-heist-in-history,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/5c3361c3be3308ce9ed4f396ae29e677/0ccb9/Untitled-design-13.png]


TIME TRAVELING THIEVES

Here’s a cool idea for a movie:

Crimi­nals from the past get their hands on a time machine that lets them travel
to the present to steal money which they then take back to th...",,colosseum.jpg,
898,2021-08-12,2021-04-05,My Path Towards Bitcoin,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/my-path-towards-bitcoin-stephanie-sprague,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/a45fb57725ba45e99ead8bf7117a14df/0ccb9/4.png]

I wish I could say my decision to invest in Bitcoin was based on some cool fact
or a piece of infor­ma­tion I discov­ered. Neither was the case. No person or
spread­sheet was involved either. I wasn’t in investor mode...",,privacy.jpg,
899,2021-08-12,2021-03-31,Swan Signal Monthly: March 2021 Newsletter,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/swan-signal-monthy-march-2021-newsletter,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/c59f86285f617fe5917a0071001e6f2b/0ccb9/7.png]

Welcome to the 10th edition of the Swan Signal monthly newsletter.

Bitcoin hit a new all-time high of $62,000 this past month, pulled back to
$48,000 and is now right back up to $59,000. Histor­i­cally, in bull marke...",,bitcoin-blue.jpg,
900,2021-08-12,2021-03-09,Bitcoin: Fee-Based Security Modeling,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/bitcoin-fee-based-security-modeling-lyn-alden,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/15874949352027417b5c66559dbf1972/0ccb9/Untitled-design-6.png]

Over the past decade, the Bitcoin network has been the most secure public
blockchain.

This is because it has by far the highest market capital­iza­tion and hash rate
in the asset class, along with cus...",,lightning2.jpg,
901,2021-08-12,2021-03-09,"Bitcoin, Perfect Money for Humanity",article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/bitcoin-perfect-money-for-humanity-nozomi-hayase,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/23a31e8115c2d62d1b27a8779e491e7a/0ccb9/Untitled-design-7.png]

The Covid-19 pandemic that blazed across 2020 has thrown the world into
disarray. Economic damage that has triggered the break­down of the system
signals a dire need for change. As the old system is ge...",,sky-clouds.jpg,
902,2021-08-12,2021-02-28,Swan Signal Monthly: February 2021 Newsletter,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/swan-signal-monthy-february-2021-newsletter,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/243386f8932ad7183dfc4e07d0ba56bc/0ccb9/Untitled-design-11.png]

Welcome to the February 2021 edition of the Swan Signal monthly newsletter. 

Today we’re exploring the accel­er­ating trend of corpo­ra­tions adopting
Bitcoin and the poten­tial implications. 

Ready...",,whitepaper.jpg,
903,2021-08-12,2021-02-18,Bitcoin Privacy: Best Practices,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/bitcoin-privacy-best-practices,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/377e61b8d2622d26dd2354f56a04ccad/b2ce3/crowd-hats-3.jpg]

> There is a sacred realm of privacy for every man and woman where he makes his
> choices and decisions — a realm of his own essen­tial rights and liber­ties
> into which the law, gener­ally speaking, must ...",,lightning.jpg,
904,2021-08-12,2021-02-18,"Sovereignism Part 2: Bitcoin, The Ultimate Offshore Bank",article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/sovereignism-part-2-bitcoin-the-ultimate-offshore-bank,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/d3b5107ce7498c84563dff750d8bbe6c/87706/breedlove-sovreignism_feature_image_3.png]

A 12-part essay series exploring the digital disrup­tion of the nation-state and
the subse­quent ampli­fi­ca­tion of individual sover­eignty during the digital
age. This series is b...",,whirlpool.jpg,
905,2021-08-12,2021-02-03,Is Tether a Threat to Bitcoin?,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/is-tether-a-threat-to-bitcoin,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/3cfe37d4a13ab00ab4c59f25280cea42/3f2da/Screen-Shot-2021-01-27-at-11.56.54-AM.png]

There has been a long-lasting concern that Bitcoin’s price appre­ci­a­tion is
driven by the creation of an artifi­cial digital dollar called Tether.  This
partic­ular piece of FUD (...",,fractal.jpg,
906,2021-08-12,2021-01-31,Swan Signal Monthly: January 2021 Newsletter,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/swan-signal-monthly-january-2021-newsletter,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/9e96a3d545349cd9455e833195150d0d/0ccb9/Untitled-design-11-1.png]

Welcome to the January 2021 edition of the Swan Signal monthly
newsletter. Bitcoin hit a new all-time high of $42,000 in early January and has
since pulled back to $33,000. Is this a buying oppor­tu...",,maze.jpg,
907,2021-08-12,2021-01-25,Sovereignism Part 1: Digital Creative Destruction,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/sovereignism-part-i-digital-creative-destruction,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/d3b5107ce7498c84563dff750d8bbe6c/87706/breedlove-sovreignism_feature_image_3.png]

A 12-part essay series exploring the digital disrup­tion of the nation-state and
the subse­quent ampli­fi­ca­tion of individual sover­eignty during the digital
age. This series is b...",,whitepaper.jpg,
908,2021-08-12,2021-01-20,Bitcoin Misconception #1: “Bitcoin is a Bubble”,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/is-bitcoin-a-bubble-2,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/1bc42131fa813a2896579219bf15cbcb/bb8ee/Anatoly-Aksakov-still-thinks-Bitcoin-is-a-Bubble-and-should-be-prohibited.png]

Many people view Bitcoin as a bubble, which is under­stand­able. Especially for
folks who were looking at the linear chart in 2018 or 2019, Bitco...",,maze.jpg,
909,2021-08-12,2021-01-19,Max Keiser and Bitcoin TINA: Swan Signal Live E43,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/max-keiser-and-bitcoin-tina-swan-signal-live-e43,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"undefined


Subscribe to the Swan Signal YouTube channel [https://youtube.com/swansignal]
and Swan Signal podcast [https://swansignalpodcast.com/].


SUMMARY

Summary:

00:00 Intro­duc­tion

4:15 Max’s Take on Bitcoin’s “End of an Era”

6:50 TINA’s Expec­ta­tions for the Market

12:58 “The Big Long”...",,bull.jpg,
910,2021-08-12,2021-01-18,Am I Too Late for Bitcoin?,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/am-i-too-late-for-bitcoin,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/fc584497aec2a92eb095b852a22d2562/4f8c2/sunset-scaled.jpg]

Thirteen years into Bitcoin’s existence, it’s easy to believe that most of its
growth is behind it.  Part of this is the result of the bias we all share that
causes us to imagine the current state of thing...",,fractal.jpg,
911,2021-08-12,2021-01-14,Bitcoin Is Time,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/bitcoin-is-time,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/5d8bc1e958aa244ae1d4a8f4d9739a3e/e3f8f/the-persistence-of-time-btc2.jpg]

> One luminary clock against the sky
> Proclaimed the time was neither wrong nor right.
> 
> Robert Frost, Acquainted with the Night (1928)

> Time is still the great mystery to us. It is no...",,maze.jpg,
912,2021-08-12,2021-01-11,Why Bitcoin is Not a Ponzi Scheme: Point by Point,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/why-bitcoin-is-not-a-ponzi-scheme-point-by-point,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/104a0334c2b44a75c20fea510fd7ac1b/4a49b/ponzischeme.jpg]

Find more of Lyn’s work at lynalden.com [https://lynalden.com]

One of the concerns I’ve seen aimed at Bitcoin is the claim that it’s a Ponzi
scheme. The argument suggests that because the Bitcoin network is...",,ngu.jpg,
913,2021-08-12,2021-01-10,Top 6 Bitcoin Investment Sites for 2021: Tried & Tested,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/bitcoin-investment-sites,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/f68d3d0ab17adc12ca60c7af5df24367/a6e78/6889272806_2e3960f9cb_k_webp__2048%25C3%25971365_.jpg]

Bitcoin invest­ment sites, also known as exchanges or “onramps,” are an
impor­tant part of the industry. Onramps provide an easy way for people to buy
and sell Bitcoin w...",,freedom.jpg,
914,2021-08-12,2020-12-31,Swan Signal Monthly: December 2020 Newsletter,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/swan-signal-monthly-december-2020-newsletter,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/7f9bf48579d6a0728fe7f4c4667a31a1/0ccb9/Untitled-design-12.png]

Welcome to the December 2020 edition of the Swan Signal monthly newsletter.
Bitcoin broke new all-time highs this month and all signs point to explo­sive
price action ahead.

We’re thankful for your w...",,money-burning-inflation.jpg,
915,2021-08-12,2020-12-24,Op Ed: Pitching Bitcoin During the Holidays,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/op-ed-pitching-bitcoin-during-the-holidays,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/7d56efac86d956e259ac641d07e3fa7c/bf94c/header-image-1600x989-1.png]

Origi­nally Published in Bitcoin Magazine
[https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/op-ed-pitching-bitcoin-holidays], December
24th, 2019

Op Ed: Pitching Bitcoin During the Holidays - A group of peo...",,ngu.jpg,
916,2021-08-12,2020-12-10,Preston Pysh and Mark Moss: Swan Signal live E42,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/preston-pysh-and-mark-moss-swan-signal-live-e42,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/439d12a73a28935a1ae21bcf5254ab2c/87706/VideoPreview-2.png]

Preston Pysh, Founder of the Investors’ Podcast Network, and Mark Moss, host of
Market Disrup­tors, discuss Micros­trat­e­gy’s recent move to raise debt to buy
Bitcoin and the looming Bitcoin shortage on ...",,dollar.jpg,
917,2021-08-12,2020-12-09,Hass McCook and Gigi: Swan Signal Live E41,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/hass-mccook-and-gigi-swan-signal-live-e41,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/5a5a78bc1744e5307a25607292329799/87706/VideoPreview%402x-11-1.png]

Gigi, author of 21 lessons, and Hass McCook, Auto DCA propo­nent, discuss price
movements, Bitcoin’s user experi­ence, and the moral failings of fiat
currencies.



Subscribe to the Swan Signal Yo...",,fractal.jpg,
918,2021-08-12,2020-12-04,Swan Signal Monthly: November 2020 Newsletter,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/swan-signal-monthy-november-2020-newsletter,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/0bd2e42c8909d56acc127986df1358b0/af556/mat-reding-72AqF1lK66o-unsplash-scaled.jpg]

Welcome to the November 2020 edition of the Swan Signal monthly newsletter.

In this month’s letter:

1. Liftoff: a short essay on an impor­tant topic
2. A curated list of recent...",,whirlpool.jpg,
919,2021-08-12,2020-12-02,Andy Edstrom and Lyn Alden: Swan Signal Live E40,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/andy-edstrom-and-lyn-alden-swan-signal-live-e40,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/89de3897666e6ac9c6948353b1fe635d/87706/VideoPreview%402x-11.png]

Lyn Alden, Founder of Lyn Alden Invest­ment Strategy, and Andy Edstrom, author
of Why Buy Bitcoin, discussed all of the most recent Bitcoin news, including
Niall Fergu­son’s resounding endorse­ment ...",,ant-miner.jpg,
920,2021-08-12,2020-11-30,Bitcoin is Hope,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/bitcoin-is-hope,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/24767b7dd57228a093a5034f94bfae13/8dee7/bitcoin_is_hope_ship_on_sea_bitcoin_sun-featured.png]

Hope moves us forward, and our values chart the way. Money is intended to be
a safe haven for economic value — not a constant cause of stress, worry, and
entrap­ment, as ...",,gold.jpg,
921,2021-08-12,2020-11-27,Alex Adelman and Desiree Dickerson: Swan Signal Live E39,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/alex-adelman-and-desiree-dickerson-swan-signal-live-e39,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/adeac8a619ee47b80a20a4aede533ffe/87706/VideoPreview%402x-11-3.png]

Alex Adelman, Cofounder and CEO of Lolli, and Desiree Dickerson, VP of Business
opera­tions at Light­ning Labs, discuss light­ning, Bitcoin as a payments
infra­struc­ture, and Bitcoin’s personal i...",,bitcoin3.jpg,
922,2021-08-12,2020-11-18,Jake Chervinsky and Rafael Yakobi: Swan Signal Live E38,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/jake-chervinsky-and-rafael-yakobi-swan-signal-live-e38,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/9d26ee3ce0ada055963cdb0522ff18f5/87706/VideoPreview%402x-11-2.png]

Jake Chervinsky, General Counsel at Compound, and Rafael Yakobi, Managing
Attorney for the Crypto Lawyers, discuss regula­tory arbitrage, new laws
affecting Bitcoiners, and the biggest regula­tory...",,matrix.jpg,
923,2021-08-12,2020-11-18,What’s in an XPUB?,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/whats-in-an-xpub,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/fc13f5d67d79891aaf966a04d56aa72f/87706/xpub-parent-extended-public-key-accounts%402x.png]

> “What’s in a name? That which we call a rose
> By any other name would smell as sweet.”
> 
> William Shake­speare, Romeo and Juliet

Bitcoin’s technical details are notori...",,book.jpg,
924,2021-08-12,2020-11-12,Robert Breedlove and Brandon Quittem: Swan Signal Live E37,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/robert-breedlove-and-brandon-quittem-swan-signal-live-e37,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/bafa49e469abbfe893f0d92b5f231925/87706/VideoPreview%402x-11-1.png]

Brandon Quittem, Swan commu­ni­ca­tions Director, and Robert Breedlove, CEO of
Parallax Digital, discuss ways to concep­tu­alize Bitcoin and its role in the
4th Turning. 



Subscribe to the Swan ...",,bitcoin4.jpg,
925,2021-08-12,2020-11-11,Welcome to Bitcoin TV,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/welcome-to-bitcoin-tv,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/eecba969db886ee1b20b102de458de68/87706/network_background.png]

Bitcoin TV has just launched, making the best of Bitcoin avail­able in a curated
streaming channel for everyone around the world, around the clock. With viewing
initially avail­able at bitcointv.netwo...",,wallet.jpg,
926,2021-08-12,2020-11-10,Election Day with Marty Bent and Alex Gladstein: Swan Signal Live E36,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/election-day-with-marty-bent-and-alex-gladstein-swan-signal-live-e36,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/f1f885dce989f91c160d99f42dd5e618/87706/VideoPreview%402x-11.png]

Alex Gladstein, Chief Strategy Officer of the Human Rights Founda­tion, and
Marty Bent, Host of Tales from the Crypt, discuss democ­racy, Ameri­ca’s
election, and Bitcoin as a tool to defend individ...",,mine.jpg,
927,2021-08-12,2020-11-02,Bitcoin is for Everyone,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/looking-out-for-the-little-guy,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/97ef6338a6a9a01aa68597ff7b0e7901/f3dc5/photo-1534351372027-a01e948b350d.jpg]

Swan Bitcoin prides itself on giving small customers a fair deal. Our minimum
purchase is only $10 per month, and our fees for the smallest plans are only
1.99%. Many exchanges have mini...",,master.jpg,
928,2021-08-12,2020-11-02,Our Most Brilliant Idea,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/our-most-brilliant-idea,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/d311bc6b3713ff3803c6c5aca8ff0156/c3b73/1_y13ashMdPysCOorMAll8VA-1.jpg]

Ideas ambulate humanity across history. A new and useful idea is an innova­tion,
which can benefit everyone for the rest of time. There­fore, it is critical we
construct socioe­co­nomic struc­...",,bull.jpg,
929,2021-08-12,2020-10-30,Can the government shut down Bitcoin?,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/can-the-government-shut-down-bitcoin,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/c6a125618c0876cf0d0a1604746c47ed/844f8/bill-oxford-OXGhu60NwxU-unsplash-1.jpg]

At some point on everybody’s Bitcoin journey, they begin to realize that Bitcoin
may actually be a better form of money. They realize that it has a number of
traits (supply capped, dig...",,colosseum.jpg,
930,2021-08-12,2020-10-29,Will Reeves and Yan Pritzker: Swan Signal Live E35,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/will-reeves-and-yan-pritzker-swan-signal-live-e35,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/f150a47f667bce6d88aeeee478c74e3d/87706/VideoPreview%402x-11-2.png]

Yan Pritzker, CTO of Swan Bitcoin, and Will Reeves, CEO of Fold App, join Brady
Swenson to discuss Bitcoin, entre­pre­neur­ship, finding product-market fit, and
all of the amazing new Bitcoin prod...",,raspi.jpg,
931,2021-08-12,2020-10-22,Jeff Deist and Stephan Livera: Swan Signal Live E34,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/jeff-deist-and-stephan-livera-swan-signal-live-e34,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/3e95cd25c463fdf7f92eabf2e696cdb4/87706/VideoPreview%402x-11.png]

Jeff Deist, the Presi­dent of the Mises Insti­tute, and Stephan Livera, the host
of the Stephan Livera Podcast, hold a fasci­nating discus­sion about Austrian
Economics and Bitcoin. These are two of...",,bitcoin-chart.jpg,
932,2021-08-12,2020-10-14,Michael Saylor and Danielle DiMartino Booth: Swan Signal Live E33,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/michael-saylor-and-danielle-dimartino-booth-swan-signal-live-e33,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/6e910cd9efad766e33e2c01462860ab8/87706/Announcement%402x-2.png]

This week’s Swan Signal Live features Michael Saylor and Danielle DiMartino
Booth discussing Fed policies, running a company during monetary
manip­u­la­tion, price discovery, and Bitcoin as a tool fo...",,book.jpg,
933,2021-08-12,2020-10-12,Investing in Bitcoin Like a 401k,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/investing-in-bitcoin-like-a-401k,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/c2e08660891524b32484720d0edb8af3/ba1ed/dominoes.png]


BITCOIN IS HERE TO STAY

Bitcoin is eleven years old, yet the language we use to describe it lingers from
its earliest days when some of Bitcoin’s first users lever­aged it to
circum­vent the existing finan­ci...",,whirlpool.jpg,
934,2021-08-12,2020-10-08,Why You Should Hold Bitcoin as a Corporate Treasury Reserve Asset,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/treasury,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/a14eb74c5354007e9f19c197ad02d165/28983/accounting-training-6.jpg]

If your company is consid­ering acquiring some bitcoin, email us at
Treasury@SwanBitcoin.com to see how we can help.

Did you know that compa­nies around the world are starting to hold Bitcoin on
t...",,oil.jpg,
935,2021-08-12,2020-10-08,Swan Signal Monthly: September 2020 Newsletter,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/swan-signal-monthly-september-newsletter,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/5e7045d6660fc7da3a60e018e5815e54/9e62a/Yan-Pritzker-Book-e1619152789290.jpg]

Welcome to the September 2020 edition of the Swan Signal monthly newsletter. In
this month’s letter:

* Liftoff: a short essay on an impor­tant topic
* A curated list of recent Bitcoin...",,master.jpg,
936,2021-08-12,2020-10-08,Parker Lewis and Robert Breedlove: Swan Signal Live E32,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/parker-lewis-and-robert-breedlove-swan-signal-live-e32,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/88f8b206a9ad12d4a53595183d894c59/87706/Announcement%402x-1.png]

Join Bitcoin philoso­phers Robert Breedlove, author of “Masters and Slaves of
Money”, and Parker Lewis, author of the “Gradu­ally then Suddenly” blog series
for a cosmic discus­sion about Bitcoin. Th...",,book.jpg,
937,2021-08-12,2020-10-05,Choose Bitcoin,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/choose-bitcoin,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/4cfbaf4af13302dde1d0a559b737703e/d5fd7/IMAGE-2020-10-02-133011.jpg]

[https://media.giphy.com/media/VdcpQS4cUcCPaDPClr/giphy.gif]
[https://giphy.com/channel/starfury]GIF by Sven Starfury
[https://twitter.com/StarfuryFlames]

So I’ll start off by saying that I am b...",,freedom.jpg,
938,2021-08-12,2020-10-01,Dan Tapiero and Dan Matuszewski: Swan Signal Live E31,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/dan-tapiero-and-dan-matuszewski-swan-signal-live-e31,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/e0ece47a35e9d465248269e4ec77fe19/87706/Announcement%402x-3.png]

This week we were joined by two Dans: Dan Tapiero, the founder of DTAP Capital
and 10T holdings, and Dan Matuszewski, previ­ously Head of Trade at Circle and
a member of the early Kraken team). Dan T...",,dollar.jpg,
939,2021-08-12,2020-09-24,Raoul Pal and Vijay Boyapati: Swan Signal Live E30,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/raoul-pal-and-vijay-boyapati-swan-signal-live-e30,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/eead445629a91a4abd59b7ba36c560ec/87706/VideoPreview%402x-10-4.png]

Raoul Pal, founder and CEO of Real Vision [http://Real Vision --Raoul's media
company] and the Global Macro Investors, [http://Global Macro Investors
--Raoul's Investment analysis company] joins V...",,matrix.jpg,
940,2021-08-12,2020-09-21,Preston Pysh and Andy Edstrom: Swan Signal Live E29,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/preston-pysh-and-andy-edstrom-swan-signal-live-e29,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/5a622b9bd544c0c15cec52982e016461/87706/VideoPreview%402x-10-2.png]

Founder of The Investors Podcast Network, Preston Pysh, and author of Why Buy
Bitcoin, Andy Edstrom, reunite their incred­ible camaraderie to discuss
Micros­trategy adding even more Bitcoin to the...",,bitcoin-chart.jpg,
941,2021-08-12,2020-09-20,On Bitcoin’s UX,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/on-bitcoins-ux,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/3849b05e193fd956d3b4cbc4f300183b/0ccb9/ux-cover-image.png]

There is an ongoing discus­sion in the Bitcoin space revolving around the topic
of user experi­ence, or UX for short. Bitcoin still feels weird, clunky, and
compli­cated at times. The main reason for this...",,capitol.jpg,
942,2021-08-12,2020-09-18,Is Bitcoin for Criminals?,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/basic-bitcoin-questions-is-bitcoin-for-criminals,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/6cb73a45708c4e189a5e15c543870872/8dbcc/external-content.duckduckgo-1-1.jpg]

People new to Bitcoin commonly think that Bitcoin is for crimi­nals. They think
it is for hackers, kidnap­pers, and drug-dealers, not for normal people like you
and me. This idea arose be...",,matrix.jpg,
943,2021-08-12,2020-09-18,Max Keiser and Tone Vays: Swan Signal Live E28,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/max-keiser-and-tone-vays-swan-signal-live-e28,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/9d86fb8ade97dbfb4e9de1b9a2fffae2/87706/VideoPreview%402x-10.png]

This week we were joined by Bitcoin OGs Max Keiser and Tone Vays. Max has been
publicly recom­mending people purchase Bitcoin since it was trading for $1, and
Tone Vays has made a name for himself a...",,master.jpg,
944,2021-08-12,2020-09-11,Erik Townsend and Yan Pritzker: Swan Signal Live E27,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/erik-townsend-and-yan-pritzker-swan-signal-live-episode-27,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/f6c77cac498aeeebd3a4eb50fbe14908/87706/VideoPreview%402x.png]

Erik Townsend, host of the vener­able MacroVoices Podcast, and Yan Pritzker,
author of Inventing Bitcoin and cofounder of Swan Bitcoin, held a lively
discus­sion about central bank digital curren­cies ...",,network.jpg,
945,2021-08-12,2020-09-03,Lyn Alden and Nic Carter: Swan Signal Live E26,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/lyn-alden-and-nic-carter-swan-signal-live-episode-26,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/fee48e1cecc459861f5ded50806993e3/87706/Announcement%402x-3.png]

Lyn Alden and Nic Carter sat down for a lively conver­sa­tion about the future
of transi­tioning the world away from dollars and onto a Bitcoin standard. They
discussed what a free-banking Bitcoin sy...",,lightning2.jpg,
946,2021-08-12,2020-09-02,Swan Signal Monthly: August Newsletter,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/swan-signal-monthly-august-newsletter,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/26b8a64da9e35f932a448d1f88f0fea8/cf5e9/external-content.duckduckgo-1.jpg]

Welcome to the August 2020 edition of the Swan Signal monthly newsletter.

This month’s letter includes:

1. Liftoff: a short essay on an impor­tant topic
2. A curated list of recent Bitc...",,oil.jpg,
947,2021-08-12,2020-09-02,Tell Me About Bitcoin,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/tell-me-about-bitcoin,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/693dbef8c235879ce244606d2c2860cd/e3502/Screen-Shot-2020-09-01-at-10.15.25-PM-2.png]

Preston Pysh is a Swan advisor. Download the one-pager here
[https://tinyurl.com/Bitcoin1pager].


WHAT DOES BITCOIN INTEND TO SOLVE?

Bitcoin was created to put a global, digital...",,wallet.jpg,
948,2021-08-12,2020-08-31,Preston Pysh and Andy Edstrom: Swan Signal Live E25,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/preston-pysh-and-andy-edstrom-swan-signal-live-episode-25,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/6949cc99bab58625151f97ca3e65f4e3/87706/Announcement%402x-2.png]

Founder of The Investors Podcast Network, Preston Pysh, and author of Why Buy
Bitcoin, Andy Edstrom, discuss a range of Bitcoin topics. They cover Fidelity
rolling out a new Bitcoin invest­ment produ...",,oil.jpg,
949,2021-08-12,2020-08-20,Jameson Lopp and Eric Martindale: Swan Signal Live E24,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/jameson-lopp-and-eric-martindale-swan-signal-live-24,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/b3b3d4634bc7cc082e8273b91f12062f/87706/Announcement%402x-1.png]

Jameson Lopp, Founder and CTO of Casa, and Eric Martin­dale, cypher­punk and
devel­oper and founder of Fabric Protocol, discuss Bitcoin’s past, present,
future, the state of Bitcoin tech, cutting edg...",,dollar.jpg,
950,2021-08-12,2020-08-20,Saifedean Ammous and George Gammon: Swan Signal Live E23,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/saifedean-ammous-and-george-gammon-swan-signal-live-episode-23,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/f75d668c05643c11c1c1a73cb7e85310/87706/Announcement%402x.png]

This week Saifedean Ammous, legendary author of The Bitcoin Standard, and George
Gammon, Rebel Capitalist, joined Swan Signal live to discuss gold, central
banking, the deval­u­a­tion of curren­cies an...",,maze.jpg,
951,2021-08-12,2020-08-18,Why I Joined Swan Bitcoin,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/why-i-joined-swan-bitcoin,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/81f768545c385374673ffa1bf8c5826b/87706/gigi_21_swans.png]

I have a picture on my wall that says the following: “You liter­ally ought to be
asking yourself all the time what is the most impor­tant thing in the world
I could be working on right now, and if you are ...",,fractal.jpg,
952,2021-08-12,2020-08-07,Robert Breedlove and Cory Klippsten: Swan Signal Live E22,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/robert-breedlove-and-cory-klippsten-swan-signal-live-e22,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/6a8a25cf026678b393508f031a18bfc4/87706/VideoPreview%402x-10.png]

In Episode 22 Cory Klipp­sten (CEO of Swan) and Robert Breedlove (CEO of
Parallax Digital) joined our host Brady Swenson to discuss how Central Banking
steals human time and corrupts human values. T...",,maze.jpg,
953,2021-08-12,2020-08-03,Swan Signal Monthly: July 2020 Newsletter,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/swan-signal-monthly-july-2020-newsletter,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/b5772d4c9e8bb92a3f10ba6feeb4622b/87706/Breakout-Graph.png]

The following is our monthly newsletter for July 2020. It includes:

* Liftoff: a short riff on an impor­tant topic
* A curated list of recent bitcoin content from Swan and around the web
* Behind the ...",,sunset.jpg,
954,2021-08-12,2020-07-31,Lyn Alden and Jeff Booth: Swan Signal Live E21,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/lyn-alden-and-jeff-booth-swan-signal-live-e21,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/c80b19457226cf076c99752d97112ddb/87706/VideoPreview%402x-10-1.png]

Lyn Alden, invest­ment manager and macro­eco­nomic thinker, and Jeff Booth,
technology entre­pre­neur and author of Price of Tomorrow, held a lively
discus­sion about technology as a defla­tionary...",,sunrise.jpg,
955,2021-08-12,2020-07-23,Samson Mow and Parker Lewis: Swan Signal Live E20,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/samson-mow-and-parker-lewis-swan-signal-live-e20,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/ff5340fc97fdb1b607d9d003294f53ac/87706/VideoPreview%402x-10.png]

Samson Mow, Chief Security Officer at Block­stream, and Parker Lewis, Head of
Business Devel­op­ment at Unchained Capital, joined Swan Signal Live to discuss
geopol­i­tics, Bitcoin mining, the integ...",,network.jpg,
956,2021-08-12,2020-07-17,Delete Coinbase Account in Three Easy Steps,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/delete-coinbase-account-in-three-easy-steps,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/1836b447d744ea68c8c56450faef503b/26b49/how_to_delete_coinbase_account_11jpg.jpg]


WHY ARE PEOPLE DELETING THEIR COINBASE ACCOUNTS?

To under­stand why the #Delete­Coin­base movement has flour­ished and so many
people want to delete Coinbase accounts in favor of b...",,bitcoin1.jpg,
957,2021-08-12,2020-07-17,Ben Prentice and Mark Moss: Swan Signal Live E19,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/ben-prentice-and-mark-moss-swan-signal-live-e19,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/2b80ce4d1f25953a829264ed801c20b7/87706/VideoPreview%402x-9.png]

Join Mark Moss, famous investor and host of the Market Disrup­tors Podcast, and
Ben Prentice, creator of WTFhappenedin1971.com, as they discuss how they got
inter­ested in Bitcoin, defla­tion, the ro...",,wallet.jpg,
958,2021-08-12,2020-07-15,Accepting Scarcity: A Bitcoin Meditation,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/accepting-scarcity-a-bitcoin-meditation,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/768894f663aab05f6f83326a6478b6e8/4a49b/Zen-Circle.jpg]

This essay shall concern itself with the concep­tual world. It does not address
the mystical, non-concep­tual world where language and limits do not apply. That
world is equally true and equally worthy of inv...",,lightning.jpg,
959,2021-08-12,2020-07-14,Adam Back and Preston Pysh: Swan Signal Live E12,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/adam-back-and-preston-pysh-swan-signal-live-e12,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/324a8b6b2aa99dd22fb088a5637f4dd0/87706/VideoPreview%402x-3.png]

This week we are joined by Preston Pysh, cofounder of The Investors Podcast
Network and Dr. Adam Back, cypher­punk legend, co-founder and CEO of
Block­stream, and author cited in both the Bitcoin and...",,sunrise.jpg,
960,2021-08-12,2020-07-14,Rockstar Developer and Jeremy Rubin: Swan Signal Live E9,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/rockstar-developer-and-jeremy-rubin-swan-signal-live-e9,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/be413888fc2c738e9818d4b2d07e9213/87706/VideoPreview%402x-5.png]

Join two of the best Bitcoin devel­opers, Rockstar and Jeremy Rubin, as they
discuss their most recent work, the state of the Bitcoin code, working on
different levels of Bitcoin, and hyper­bit­coini...",,cryptography.jpg,
961,2021-08-12,2020-07-14,Bitcoin TINA and CK Snarks: Swan Signal Live E10,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/hyperbitcoinization,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/86d61993593045a1dbd34780eec9a4d4/87706/VideoPreview%402x-2.png]

Join Chris­tian Keroles (CK Snarks), editor of Bitcoin Magazine, and Bitcoin
TINA (a famous perma-bull) to discuss the inevitability of Bitcoin, future price
predic­tions, and a transi­tion to a Bitc...",,mine.jpg,
962,2021-08-12,2020-07-14,Andy Edstrom and Ansel Linder: Swan Signal Live E8,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/bitcoin-macroeconomics,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/9a82e0d68005c02481dea7aa0b30ed38/87706/VideoPreview%402x-1-1.png]

Swan Signal Live Episode 8 was broad­cast live on April 29th. It featured
a lively discus­sion between Andy Edstrom, author of Why Buy Bitcoin, Ansel
Linder, host of the popular Bitcoin and Markets...",,sunset.jpg,
963,2021-08-12,2020-07-14,Gigi and Knut Svanholm: Swan Signal Live E11,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/bitcoins-future,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/19a96594343b0823074619fd43b2e407/87706/VideoPreview%402x-1.png]

This week we are joined by Knut Svanholm, author of Sover­eignty through
Mathe­matics and the new Indepen­dence Reimag­ined, and Gigi, author of 21
Lessons and creator of the projects bitcoin-resourc...",,bitcoin-chart.jpg,
964,2021-08-12,2020-07-13,Gigi and Udi Wertheimer: Swan Signal Live E16,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/swan-signal-live-e16-gigi-and-udi-wertheimer,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/19a96594343b0823074619fd43b2e407/87706/VideoPreview%402x-1.png]

Gigi, author of 21 Lessons, and Udi Wertheimer, indepen­dent software
consul­tant joined Brady Swenson and Cory Klipp­sten to discuss virtual reality,
Bitcoin nodes, memes, and the geopo­lit­ical con...",,wallet.jpg,
965,2021-08-12,2020-07-13,Jimmy Song and Aleks Svetski: Swan Signal Live E17,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/swan-signal-live-e17-jimmy-song-and-aleks-svetski,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/abae1570aa428f3605fa802c6b61b9ac/87706/VideoPreview%402x.png]

Jimmy Song, Bitcoin educator, devel­oper, and entre­pre­neur, and Aleks Svetski,
the Australian founder of Amber App, join Brady Swenson and Cory Klipp­sten to
talk about Bitcoin’s morality, immune sys...",,woman-sitting-mountain.jpg,
966,2021-08-12,2020-07-13,Stephan Livera and Marty Bent: Swan Signal Live E18,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/swan-signal-live-e18-stephan-livera-and-marty-bent,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/591bb9246f277a5fff8b1c4aa5634d71/87706/VideoPreview%402x-6.png]

Bitcoin Podcasters Stephan Livera and Marty Bent join Brady and Cory to discuss
every­thing from dominant Bitcoin narra­tives and the state of mining to
Austrian economics liter­a­ture and the future...",,money-plant.jpg,
967,2021-08-12,2020-06-22,Isaiah Jackson and Max Keiser: Swan Signal Live E15,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/swan-signal-live-e15-isaiah-jackson-and-max-keiser,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/aee2630169f180b432a98ab85840a110/87706/VideoPreview%402x-1.png]

Episode 15 was broad­cast on June 17th, 2020 at block height 635,216. We were
joined by Isaiah Jackson, author of Bitcoin and Black America, and Max Keiser,
host of the Keiser Report. Swan [http://sw...",,story.jpg,
968,2021-08-12,2020-06-15,Tuur Demeester and Robert Breedlove: Swan Signal Live E14,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/swan-signal-live-e14-tuur-demeester-and-robert-breedlove,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/16da8304f007e14db58598449d2ba675/87706/Swan-Signal-Episode-14-Tuur-Demeester-Robert-Breedlove.png]

Episode 14 was broad­cast on June 10th, 2020 at block height 634,102. We were
joined by Tuur Demeester, Founding Partner of Adamant Capital
[https://www.adamantcapi...",,matrix.jpg,
969,2021-08-12,2020-06-15,Matt Odell and Alex Gladstein: Swan Signal Live E13,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/matt-odell-and-alex-gladstein-signal-live-e13,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/1e49cf59d4e28eefcd20fe0f945e352f/87706/VideoPreview%402x-4.png]

Episode 13 was broad­cast on June 3rd, 2020 at block height 632,901. It features
Alex Gladstein, Chief Strategy Officer at the Human Rights Founda­tion
[http://hrf.org], Matt Odell, cohost of Rabbit ...",,bitcoin-blue.jpg,
970,2021-08-12,2020-05-13,"Bitcoin Wallets: How, Why and When to Hold Your Own Private Keys",article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/bitcoin-wallets-not-your-keys-not-your-bitcoin,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/c02381b2f5c364abe6fb929e3466a21a/f3dc5/key_header.jpg]

Alright so you’ve acquired some Bitcoin [http://swanbitcoin.com], now what’s the
best way to store it? Here we’ll take you through the process of finding the
right Bitcoin wallet for you.

Although it seems l...",,bitcoin-chart.jpg,
971,2021-08-12,2020-04-03,The biggest misconception in the markets? Thinking we’re dealing with a sound currency.,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/the-biggest-misconception-in-the-markets-thinking-were-dealing-with-a-sound-currency,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/2228427e2ff7cdb0a589d440ed35ae6c/94112/9761565422_01a2e6d44e_k.jpg]

Massive govern­ment inter­ven­tion in markets is underway, but what happens to
Bitcoin as a result? In a recent episode of The Break­down
[https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-breakdown/id14...",,book.jpg,
972,2021-08-12,2020-04-02,Rampant Inflation Is on the Way and Here’s What it Means for Bitcoin,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/rampant-inflation-is-on-the-way-and-heres-what-it-means-for-bitcoin,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/93fb51e530647fa837c3096b0d82272f/ea47c/5734854387_f7bd428ec9_b.jpg]

We currently have govern­ments and central banks all over the world stepping up
to try to save their economies from imploding. But as we know, the reason they
are imploding is because every­body’...",,bull.jpg,
973,2021-08-12,2020-03-23,"Coronavirus, Financial Crisis, and the Epic Bitcoin Crash of March 2020",article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/swan-roundtable-market-crash-coronavirus-bitcoin-price,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/2533626d901705f73a688e068bac5554/943ae/PreviewScreenSnapz001.png]

John Vallis, Guy Swann, Gigi, and Hass McCook joined Swan Bitcoin
[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/] team members Cory Klipp­sten, Yan Pritzker, and
Brady Swenson to sound off on the current epidemic c...",,scripture-with-candles.jpg,
974,2021-08-12,2020-03-11,Bitcoin and the Technological Evolution of the Financial System,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/evolution-of-money,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/0ad4b6e55d1d6ef736f6a93f4c20b705/fcb2f/download.jpg]

We are living in hyper­bit­coiniza­tion
[https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/hyperbitcoinization/], a process which is
basically repricing the world in Bitcoin. This is because Bitcoin is actually
much better...",,network.jpg,
975,2021-08-12,2020-03-01,Exploding Three Myths About the Upcoming Bitcoin Halving,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/bitcoin-halving,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/a23cc5212db1af3b1a7ce1319b4833ca/a5136/Whole_and_two_halves_of_red_orange_on_dark_background___Flickr-scaled.jpg]

The next Bitcoin halving (aka halvening) is almost here
[https://www.bitcoinblockhalf.com/]. In May 2020, the reward for mining new
blocks will be cu...",,bitcoin2.jpg,
976,2021-08-12,2020-02-28,Is Bitcoin the Myspace of Crypto?,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/is-bitcoin-the-myspace-of-crypto,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/05be54145b74a62df4c3410346ca6727/fe407/cq5dam.web_.1200.675.jpg]

> Lets say Buffet is right. Bitcoin dies. So what? Myspace and Friend­ster both
> died but they paved the way for other social media like Facebook and Twitter
> to completely overrun the planet. Cry...",,network.jpg,
977,2021-08-12,2020-02-27,Does Bitcoin Have Any Intrinsic Value?,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/does-bitcoin-have-intrinsic-value,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/8d879cd830959d432cf1fa56dd32fff4/023e2/14731410417_b4e16574b8_o.png]

There are lots of people who think that for something to become a money, it must
have some intrinsic, or more correctly, utility value.

Let’s suppose for a moment that you believe in utility va...",,story.jpg,
978,2021-08-12,2020-02-27,What is a Bitcoin Fork?,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/what-is-a-bitcoin-fork,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/c02722e5ee1306b48436196d81f17fc8/92e1d/8679190705_5797f43ffb_k.jpg]

You may have heard a lot of noise in the media about Bitcoin “forking”. Because
we have no analog to forks in the tradi­tional world, some sources have
incor­rectly referred to Bitcoin forks as d...",,dollar.jpg,
979,2021-08-12,2020-02-27,Is Bitcoin Like the Dutch Tulip Bubble?,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/is-bitcoin-a-bubble,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/34159e84a472bfee3c1a8d5f2e4ad476/9b035/selective-color-photography-of-orange-tulip-65660-1-scaled.jpg]

If you could use tulips to transmit value across the globe instantly to anyone
in any country regard­less of whether they had a functioning govern­ment or
banki...",,matrix.jpg,
980,2021-08-12,2020-02-27,The Three Futures of Digital Money,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/future-of-digital-money,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/cf187d128b0fb64260040d80d24f913e/f2f1c/threefutures.jpg]

As money rapidly turns digital, we must contem­plate three possible futures of
money: central bank managed, corpo­rate issued, and decentralized.

But first, some brief history:


THE CURRENT MONETARY SYSTE...",,time.jpg,
981,2021-08-12,2020-02-25,What is Bitcoin?,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/what-is-bitcoin,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/a91ed94e7195cc580662e47c156741b9/ac1bf/14266642578_26a3dcaf55_o.jpg]

Bitcoin is a peer to peer electronic cash, a new form of digital money that can
be trans­ferred between people or computers without any trusted inter­me­diary
(such as a bank) and whose issuance...",,bitcoin1.jpg,
982,2021-08-12,2020-02-24,How Bitcoin Challenges Keynesian Economics,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/how-bitcoin-challenges-keynesian-economics,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/60d4919c3cd1153e0acf7b8b8e07ec6f/cdc11/alone-in-a-crowd.jpg]

“We’re all Keyne­sians now.” Milton Friedman coined the phrase, often
miscred­ited to Richard Nixon, back in 1965, and its truth changed since. Unless
you began your Austrian economic
[https://www.brita...",,bitcoin-blue.jpg,
983,2021-08-12,2020-02-21,Ten Million Bitcoiners: The Intransigent Minority,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/ten-million-bitcoiners-the-intransigent-minority,en,Swan Bitcoin,,"[https://www.swanbitcoin.com/static/d5f7f73728b5506644929a853431635d/01a64/1aK_PcqA4wVfsNAVjPmQbrA.jpg]

Not too many years from now, the number of Bitcoiners in the United States of
America will cross ten million.  When we hit that milestone, it’s game over:
Bitcoin wins.

My favorite writer and th...",,bitcoin3.jpg,
984,2021-06-30,2021-07-21,Entrevista a Dan Held,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/entrevista-a-dan-held,es,Pedro Solimano,interviews,Director de Marketing para Kraken,,,
985,2021-06-23,2021-07-21,Bitcoin no es volátil,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/bitcoin-no-es-volatil,es,Pedro Solimano,volatility,Es dinero programable y preciso,,,
986,2021-06-16,2021-07-21,Entrevista al CEO de Buda.com,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/entrevista-al-ceo-de-budacom,es,Pedro Solimano,interviews,"""Bitcoin es un ser casi vivo"" - Guillermo Torrealba",,,
987,2021-06-09,2021-07-21,El Salvador adopta Bitcoin,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/el-salvador-adopta-bitcoin,es,Pedro Solimano,adoption,Un gran paso para la adopción masiva,,,
988,2021-06-02,2021-07-21,Bitcoin es una revolución cultural,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/bitcoin-es-una-revolucion-cultural,es,Pedro Solimano,"revolution, adoption",Y una mirada a los mineros de China,,,
989,2021-05-26,2021-07-21,China y los CBDC,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/china-y-los-cbdc,es,Pedro Solimano,"china, cbdc",¿Creen que el 1% va a crear sistemas para el 99%?,,,
990,2021-05-21,2021-07-21,China prohíbe Bitcoin... denuevo,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/china-prohibe-bitcoin-denuevo,es,Pedro Solimano,"china, mining",Edición flash de lo ocurrido esta semana,,,
991,2021-05-19,2021-07-21,Por qué importa Bitcoin,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/la-importancia-de-bitcoin,es,Pedro Solimano,general,Bitcoin importa porque tú importas,,,
992,2021-05-12,2021-07-21,Reconstruyamos nuestra vida financiera,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/reconstruyamos-nuestra-vida-financiera,es,Pedro Solimano,finance,Y enmendando un error del diario más importante de Chile,,,
993,2021-04-28,2021-07-21,La Corrección de Bitcoin,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/la-correccion-de-bitcoin,es,Pedro Solimano,general,Y la crisis de la oferta,,,
994,2021-04-21,2021-07-21,Hablemos de consumo energético,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/hablemos-de-consumo-energetico,es,Pedro Solimano,energy,Bitcoin vs Sistema Bancario,,,
995,2021-04-14,2021-07-21,Entrevista con Camila Russo,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/entrevista-con-camila-russo,es,Pedro Solimano,interviews,Y Coinbase se abre al público,,,
996,2021-04-07,2021-07-21,El misterio de Satoshi Nakamoto,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/el-misterio-de-satoshi-nakamoto,es,Pedro Solimano,origin,Y feliz cumpleaños al creador de Bitcoin,,,
997,2021-03-31,2021-07-21,¿Qué es la inflación?,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/que-es-la-inflacion,es,Pedro Solimano,inflation,Y frenemos el TPP,,,
998,2021-03-17,2021-07-21,Sigamos con blockchain,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/sigamos-con-blockchain,es,Pedro Solimano,blockchain,Una mirada a Ethereum,,,
999,2021-03-10,2021-07-21,¿Qué es blockchain?,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/que-es-blockchain,es,Pedro Solimano,blockchain,Y una nota para las mujeres del mundo,,,
1000,2021-03-03,2021-07-21,Cuidado con las cripto-estafas,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/cuidado-con-las-cripto-estafas,es,Pedro Solimano,scam,Las distintas formas de perder nuestro dinero,,,
1001,2021-02-24,2021-07-21,Entrevista con Andreas M. Antonopoulos,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/entrevista-con-andreas-m-antonopoulos,es,Pedro Solimano,interviews,Preguntas a la eminencia de las criptomonedas,,bitcoin1.jpg,
1002,2021-02-10,2021-07-21,Tesla compra Bitcoin,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/tesla-compra-bitcoin,es,Pedro Solimano,adoption,Y una entrevista con el autor de La Cadena,,scripture-with-candles.jpg,
1003,2021-01-29,2021-07-21,Todo cambió,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/todo-cambi,es,Pedro Solimano,reddit,La Rebelión de Reddit,,fractal.jpg,
1004,2021-01-27,2021-07-21,La importancia de invertir,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/la-importancia-de-invertir,es,Pedro Solimano,investment,Revisemos por qué,,bitcoin3.jpg,
1005,2021-01-20,2021-07-21,Cambiemos el estatus quo,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/cambiemos-el-estatus-quo,es,Pedro Solimano,adoption,Aclaremos algunos temas sobre Bitcoin,,Bitcoin-blue.jpg,
1006,2021-01-13,2021-07-21,¿Cuál Dinero vas a Ocupar?,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/cul-dinero-vas-a-ocupar,es,Pedro Solimano,money,Las Divisas del Futuro,,woman-sitting-mountain.jpg,
1007,2021-01-06,2021-07-21,Una Aventura Cripto-Financiera,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/una-aventura-cripto-financiera,es,Pedro Solimano,finance,"Lecciones cripto-financieras, y lo que ví en el 2020.",,colosseum.jpg,
1008,2020-12-24,2021-07-21,Críticas a Bitcoin,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/la-cadena-004-crticas-a-bitcoin-un,es,Pedro Solimano,critiques,"Un dilema, y la ley de los pocos vitales",,story.jpg,
1009,2020-12-17,2021-07-21,"Bitcoin, Bitcoin, Bitcoin",article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/la-cadena-003,es,Pedro Solimano,general,Comenzó el bull market,,mine.jpg,
1010,2020-12-10,2021-07-21,Hablemos del dinero,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/la-cadena-002,es,Pedro Solimano,money,Sus propiedades y características,,mining.jpg,
1011,2020-12-03,2021-07-21,La Cadena #001,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/la-cadena-001,es,Pedro Solimano,finance,Bienvenido al boletín y principios financieros básicos,,bitcoin2.jpg,
1012,2021-07-21,2021-07-22,Compass Mining: Risk and Reward Analysis,article,https://www.lynalden.com/compass-mining/,en,Lyn Alden,mining,"In recent months, China has cracked down on bitcoin mining, which means other countries, and particularly the US and Canada, are gaining a larger share of the mining network. This article takes a look at Compass Mining, one of the investment opportunities that exists for investors in that space.",,mining.jpg,
1013,2021-07-21,2021-07-22,La última abstracción de valor,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/la-ultima-abstraccion-de-valor,es,Pedro Solimano,"money, value","¿Cuántos que están leyendo saben qué le da valor al dinero? Hasta hace poco, yo tampoco sabía la respuesta de esa pregunta. Siendo una herramienta tan dominante en nuestras vidas, y tan importante para la civilización humana, es curioso que nunca la hayamos estudiado durante nuestros años escolares. Ni en las mesas de conversación en nuestros hogares, ni en los asados con los amigos. Da cuenta de un error fundamental en el sistema educacional, y también de una conspiración que dejaré en el aire. ",,bitcoin3.jpg,
1014,2021-07-21,2021-07-22,"¿Qué es la codificación de claves? xpub, ypub, zpub…",guide,https://estudiobitcoin.com/que-es-la-codificacion-de-claves-xpub-ypub-zpub/,es,decentralizedb,wallet,En las carteras jerárquico deterministas (HD) el esquema de derivación,,wallet.jpg,
1015,,2021-07-22,Todos somos satoshi – Bitcoin White Paper en español,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/bitcoin-white-paper/,es,decentralizedb,whitepaper,"Este es uno de los muchos lugares donde se puede encontrar el white paper, tal y como lo distribuyó Satoshi Nakamoto bajo la licencia MIT en el código fuente original de Bitcoin.",,,
1016,2019-12-08,2021-07-22,¿Qué tanto sabes sobre Bitcoin?,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/,es,decentralizedb,general,"Cotizaciones por TradingView Navega seguro con brave Avisos importantes: Una de las reglas más valiosas en el mundo Bitcoin es: no confíes, verifica. Por ello debes leer, aprender y con ello tomar tus propias decisiones. El hecho de que la dirección de este sitio sea dinero sin reglas, no pretende invitar a nadie a realizar",,,
1017,2019-12-18,2021-07-22,¿Cómo funciona Bitcoin?,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/como-funciona/,es,decentralizedb,general,"Bitcoin, como indica Satoshi Nakamoto en el whitepaper, es un protocolo o sistema persona a persona que establece un sistema de pago a través de su token, denominado bitcoin (). Uno de los muchos objetivos que plantea resolver Bitcoin (con mayúscula refiriéndome al sistema en su conjunto, no al token) es la intermediación. Por ello",,,
1018,2019-12-18,2021-07-22,Evolución de Bitcoin,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/blockchain/,es,decentralizedb,history,"Lejos de lo que puedas creer o te hayan dicho, Bitcoin es una tecnología en plena evolución. A pesar de lo joven que es, 10 años apenas, esta en pleno crecimiento y evolución. No obstante, hay mucho más detrás de lo que hoy conocemos, la historia previa a Bitcoin es la base de su",,,
1019,2019-12-18,2021-07-22,Carteras,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/carteras/,es,decentralizedb,wallet,"Existe una gran variedad de información sobre las carteras de bitcoin o wallets, por su termino en inglés y aunque trataré de explicar qué son y cómo funcionan, quiero advertir que es un tema muy extenso y en continua evolución, por lo que es probable que haya algunas cosas que se me queden en",,,
1020,2020-01-01,2021-07-22,Comandos P2P,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/comandos-p2p/,es,decentralizedb,technical,"Comandos del protocolo P2P de Bitcoin Si tienes instalado un nodo completo de Bitcoin, sabrás que el protocolo te proporciona una interfaz de comandos que se realizan a través de un procedimiento remoto de ejecución o RPC por sus siglas en inglés (Remote Procedure Call), los cuales son útiles para realizar validaciones, operaciones y cualquier",,,
1021,2020-01-03,2021-07-22,btc-rpc-explorer,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/btc-rpc-explorer/,es,decentralizedb,technical,"Explorador de bloques de Bitcoin btc-rpc-explorer BTC-RPC-EXPLORER btc-rpc-explorer es un explorador desarrollado por https://github.com/janoside que permite visualizar la actividad de la red de Bitcoin desde tu propio nodo, me parece una excelente opción para continuar con el aprendizaje de Bitcoin y además para poder visualizar tus transacciones y las de la red. Recordemos que puedes ver todas",,,
1022,2020-02-01,2021-07-22,Halving,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/halving/,es,decentralizedb,halving,"Halving en Bitcoin Bitcoin es en realidad una maquina de precisión, un reloj basado en consenso y bloques En Bitcoin los tiempos en realidad se establecen por bloques y no en años, como el Halving, que sucede cada 210.000 bloques, sin embargo los cálculos que intervienen, dado el protocolo, permiten estimar que el tiempo",,,
1023,2020-02-02,2021-07-22,Nodos,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/nodos/,es,decentralizedb,nodes,"Nodos en Bitcoin Un nodo es una línea de defensa En términos estrictos, un nodo de Bitcoin es cualquier computadora configurada con el software de Bitcoin y que se ejecuta para conectarse a la propia red de Bitcoin. Pero en el detalle, un nodo no es solo un equipo conectado a través de la",,,
1024,2020-02-18,2021-07-22,Forks,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/forks/,es,decentralizedb,forks,"Qué es un fork y cuáles son los principales forks de Bitcoin Un fork, conocido así por su nombre en inglés, significaría en español y tratándose del contexto que vamos a tocar en este articulo, de una separación o bifurcación de la cadena original de Bitcoin. Un fork se lleva a acabo por modificaciones en",,,
1025,2020-03-04,2021-07-22,Atomic swap,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/atomic-swap/,es,decentralizedb,technical,"Atomic Swap ¿Qué es un atomic swap? Un Atomic swap, hace referencia a la capacidad de realizar un intercambio de valor entre dos cripto-activos o criptomonedas de forma descentralizada, es decir no hay un intermediario realizando el intercambio, sino que sucede entre las redes de las criptomonedas intervinientes, por ejemplo, en un atomic swap entre",,,
1026,2020-03-08,2021-07-22,Configuración del nodo,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/nodeconfiguration/,es,decentralizedb,nodes,"Configuración del nodo de Bitcoin Algunos consejos o temas interesantes sobre la configuración de tu nodo completo de Bitcoin Si te has animado a instalar tu propio nodo completo de Bitcoin y seguiste los pasos, de por ejemplo la página de bitcoin.org (yo no me fiaría de ningún otro sitio, pero si que hay varios",,,
1027,2020-03-14,2021-07-22,Mining,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/mining/,es,decentralizedb,mining,"La Mineria de Bitcoin Internet ha ido evolucionando y ha ido añadiendo diversos protocolos a su ecosistema, tanto que hoy tenemos un protocolo para la comunicación entre maquinas, otro para el envió de correos, otro para la transferencia de contenido en streaming, etc. De esa misma forma, Bitcoin tiene diversos protocolos que le permiten interactuar",,,
1028,2020-03-15,2021-07-22,chaintip,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/chaintip/,es,decentralizedb,technical,Encontrando la cadena ¿Cómo sabe un nodo que está conectado a la cadena más larga y con más esfuerzo de Bitcoin?​ Un cliente o nodo de la red de Bitcoin determina que está conectado a la cadena que más trabajo tiene y por lo tanto a la red de consenso realizando un proceso de consulta,,,
1029,2020-03-16,2021-07-22,difficulty_target,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/difficulty_target/,es,decentralizedb,technical,"¿Qué es la dificultad y el target en Bitcoin? (y de paso hablaremos de nonce y PoW). El termino de dificultad dentro de Bitcoin es una representación que pretende facilitar el entendimiento al usuario común de un concepto denominado target (objetivo), el cual es un concepto un tanto más elaborado que solo el de establecer",,,
1030,2020-04-15,2021-07-22,Cómo calcular la fee de una Tx en Bitcoin,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/como-calcular-la-fee-de-una-tx-en-bitcoin/,es,decentralizedb,"fees, technical","Realiza una estimación sobre la comisión de tu transacción, desde tu nodo completo de Bitcoin Calcular el costo de la comisión de una transacción en Bitcoin El objetivo de este artículo, como el muchos otros que escribo es para hacerte ver y entender como funciona Bitcoin “por dentro”, muchas veces decimos (yo el primero) que",,,
1031,2020-04-28,2021-07-22,mundo-cashless,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/mundo-cashless/,es,decentralizedb,adoption,"Hacía un mundo Cashless La lucha entre el control y la descentralización​: Libra, DCEP y Bitcoin, ¿alternativas? Voy a permitirme analizar brevemente los activos digitales o criptomonedas que consideró están en el debate del mundo Cripto, tratando de no tomar apasionamientos desmedidos. Antes aclaro que existe un sin fin de criptomonedas a día de",,,
1032,2020-05-07,2021-07-22,utxo brevemente,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/utxo-brevemente/,es,decentralizedb,"utxo, technical","¿Cómo sabe Bitcoin que puede utilizar las “monedas que quieres enviar? Imagén tomada de Bitcoin.org Vamos a ver como funciona, brevemente, Bitcoin para saber que monedas (UTXO) puedes gastar. Vamos a revisar, a alto nivel cual es el proceso mediante el cual Bitcoin sabe que puede utilizar las “monedas” que quieres gastar. Para",,,
1033,2020-05-28,2021-07-22,"Fantasía del futuro cripto, ¿o no?.",article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/fantasia-del-futuro-cripto-o-no/,es,decentralizedb,adoption,"Una fantasía del futuro cripto…O no. Una fantasía del futuro cripto…O no. Investigación número: xpub661MyMwAqRbcG8Zah6TcX3QpP5yJApaXcyLK8CsH Reporte del capitán. Llegamos a lo que según registros encontrados en el planeta, los antiguos pobladores llaman planeta Tierra. Hemos llegado justo a cuando el reloj de bloques marcaba el bloque 6.720.000, de la dificulty epoch 3334 del",,,
1034,2020-06-01,2021-07-22,RBF,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/rbf/,es,decentralizedb,technical,"Replace By Fee Replace By Fee (RBF) Cuando escuches o leas el termino Replace By Fee ( o por sus siglas en inglés: RBF) en el ámbito de Bitcoin, debes saber que se refiere a una característica que se implementó en Bitcoin Core a partir de la versión 0.12.0 y fue propuesta y ampliamente debatida",,,
1035,2020-06-18,2021-07-22,Bitcoin mining time,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/bitcoin-mining-time/,es,decentralizedb,mining,"Bitcoin Time Stamps ¿Una pregunta sencilla? Una pregunta que en principio sonaba sencilla dio pie a este artículo. Y es que cuando empiezas a adentrarte en el mundo de Bitcoin (con mayúsculas) te vas dando cuenta que hay una gran variedad de tecnologías, actores y problemas y que en todas se ha ido trabajando para",,,
1036,2020-06-25,2021-07-22,Redes de pruebas en Bitcoin,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/redes-de-pruebas-en-bitcoin/,es,decentralizedb,network,"Redes de pruebas en Bitcoin ¿Sabías qué existe más de una red en la que puedes realizar diferentes pruebas con Bitcoin?. Una gran mayoría de personas considera que Bitcoin esta estancado y que es muy complicado que evolucione. Sin embargo, la realidad es que el desarrollo y evolución de Bitcoin está más vivo",,bitcoin1.jpg,
1037,2020-07-03,2021-07-22,crear una watch-only wallet’ en Bitcoin Core,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/crear-una-watch-only-wallet-en-bitcoin-core/,es,decentralizedb,wallet,"crear una «watch-only wallet» en el Nodo Un artículo que escribí para estudio Bitcoin del cual solo hago eco. Aquí un artículo que escribí para estudio bitcoin, uno de los sitios dónde esta la mayor congregación de información sobre Bitcoin en Español y del cual me siento afortunado de poder colaborar. Este artículo tiene como objetivo",,scripture-with-candles.jpg,
1038,2020-07-20,2021-07-22,Crear watch-only en Bitcoin Core con Xpub de Electrum Wallet,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/crear-watch-only-en-bitcoin-core-con-xpub-de-electrum-wallet/,es,decentralizedb,wallet,"Crear una ‘watch-only wallet’ en Bitcoin Core con una Xpub de Electrum Wallet Creación de una watch-only wallet a partir de la Xpub de Electrum Wallet Aquí un artículo que escribí para estudio bitcoin, uno de los sitios dónde esta la mayor congregación de información sobre Bitcoin en Español y del cual me siento afortunado",,fractal.jpg,
1039,2020-10-16,2021-07-22,¿Qué me aporta el tener un nodo de Bitcoin?,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/que-me-aporta-el-tener-un-nodo-de-bitcoin/,es,decentralizedb,nodes,"¿Qué me aporta el tener un nodo de Bitcoin? En esta entrada dejo un pod, en el que tuve el privilegio de compartir junto con Lunaticoin, Sergi Delgado y Arkad y compartir esta conversación en la que hablamos sobre las ventajas que podría aportar a un individuo el tener un Nodo de Bitcoin. Esto viéndolo",,bitcoin3.jpg,
1040,2020-11-12,2021-07-22,Historia de Bitcoin,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/linea-del-tiempo-de-bitcoin/,es,decentralizedb,history,"Historia de Bitcoin, una línea en el tiempo Vamos a dar un repaso general por la historia de Bitcoin y algunos de los eventos que han marcado su historia. Seguramente no estén todos los eventos, ya que son innumerables, pero he tratado de hacer un resumen de los que me parecen los más interesantes, más",,Bitcoin-blue.jpg,
1041,2021-01-12,2021-07-22,¿Por qué y para qué tener un nodo de Bitcoin?,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/por-que-y-para-que-tener-un-nodo-de-bitcoin/,es,decentralizedb,nodes,"¿Por qué y para qué tener un nodo de Bitcoin? Esta es una entrada para dejar el enlace a un pod, en el que tuve el gusto de conversar por primera vez con @criptobastardo, host del pod @satoshienvenezuela uno de los podcast más escuchados en el mundo de habla hispana, en el que me hacía",,woman-sitting-mountain.jpg,
1042,2021-01-21,2021-07-22,Bitcoin White Paper,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/bitcoin-white-paper/,es,decentralizedb,whitepaper,"Esta es una copia traducida al español del sitio craigwrightisnotsatoshi, y el objetivo es difundir el white paper de Satoshi y demostrar que CSW es en realidad Faketoshi y no Satoshi. Gracias a Riccardo Spagni por el permiso para realizar está copia. Este es uno de los muchos lugares donde se puede encontrar el white",,colosseum.jpg,
1043,2021-02-25,2021-07-22,Bitcoin uptime,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/bitcoin-uptime/,es,decentralizedb,technical,¿Cuánto tiempo lleva ejecutándose la red de Bitcoin sin sufrir contratiempos? bitcoin-uptime La red Bitcoin se ha mantenido funcionando durante el del tiempo desde su inicio el 3 de Enero de 2009 02:54:25 GMT Eventos que han ocasionado caídas CVE-2010-5139: 8 horas y 27 minutos CVE-2013-3220: 6 horas y 20 minutos Esta información es un,,story.jpg,
1044,2021-03-05,2021-07-22,Pagos,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/pagos-btcpayserver/,es,decentralizedb,"payments, btcpay",Pagos a través de BTCPayserver Crea tu cuenta de BTCPayserver en nuestro servidor para poder empezar a recibir pagos vía bitcoin o Lightning Network (la recomendación es que uses tú propio nodo) de manera inmediata y gratuita. Puedes crear una cuenta para generar un botón de donaciones También puedes crear,,mine.jpg,
1045,2021-03-18,2021-07-22,PSBT,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/psbt/,es,decentralizedb,technical,"Partially Signed Bitcoin Transaction Format Como en otros tantos artículos de este Blog, el objetivo es ayudar a entender a quienes están recién llegando a Bitcoin los diferentes conceptos, herramientas y utilidades que se tienen. Por ello este artículo es una breve descripción de lo que significa una Transacción parcialmente firmada sin entrar en los",,mining.jpg,
1046,2021-03-26,2021-07-22,¿Qué sucede con mi transacción?,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/que-sucede-con-mi-tx-si-no-es-minada/,es,decentralizedb,transactions,"¿Qué sucede con una transacción que, por tener una comisión muy baja, no es seleccionada por los mineros? Esta es una pregunta que se suele leer mucho durante las épocas en las que las comisiones por transacción se incrementan. Cuando no estas familiarizado con Bitcoin y su funcionamiento puedes sentirte preocupado cuando ves que tú",,Bitcoin-blue.jpg,
1047,2021-04-07,2021-07-22,¿Es Samourai wallet complicada?,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/es-samourai-wallet-complicada/,es,decentralizedb,"wallet, samurai","¿Es Samourai wallet complicada de usar? En esta ocasión he grabado un vídeo para hacer notar que la instalación y el uso de Samourai wallet por alguien que no tiene mucha experiencia no es complicado. En el vídeo indico como hacer las instalación usando la red testnet, una red de pruebas de Bitcoin donde",,bitcoin3.jpg,
1048,2021-04-09,2021-07-22,"¿Qué es una XPUB, YPUB y ZPUB?",article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/que-es-una-xpub-ypub-y-zpub/,es,decentralizedb,wallet,"¿Qué significa xpub, ypub y zpub? en el ámbito de Bitcoin ¿Porqué a veces leemos o nos hablan de estas claves y cuales son sus diferencias? En las carteras jerárquico deterministas (HD) y que son la gran mayoría de las carteras modernas de Bitcoin, se habla de términos como Master Extended Public Keys o",,bitcoin2.jpg,
1049,2021-04-23,2021-07-22,¿Es Samourai wallet complicada? – envío,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/es-samourai-wallet-complicada-envio/,es,decentralizedb,"wallet, samurai","¿Y hablando de envíos?, ¿con Samourai wallet puedo hacerlo sin complejidad? En esta entrada, vamos a revisar mediante otro pequeño vídeo el uso de Samourai wallet, continuando con la idea de que para alguien sin mayor formación en Bitcoin, esta cartera le puede servir tanto o más que cualquier otra del mercado y que brindan, desde",,wallet.jpg,
1050,2021-04-29,2021-07-22,Qué hago si pareciera que la blockchain tiene errores,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/que-hago-si-la-blockchain-tiene-errores/,es,decentralizedb,blockchain,¿Qué hago si pareciera que la blockchain esta dañada? Qué opciones tengo en caso de que en el nodo me salga algún mensaje que me diga que la blockchain esta dañada? En esta ocasión vamos a ver un tema que se suele preguntar mucho en los grupos de ayuda sobre nodos de Bitcoin. A veces,,colosseum.jpg,
1051,2021-07-14,2021-07-22,Estructura de directorios de Bitcoin Core,article,https://dinerosinreglas.com/estructura-de-directorios-de-bitcoin-core/,es,decentralizedb,technical,"Sistema de Archivos de Bitcoin Core ¿Dónde se almacenan los archivos de Bitcoin Core? En muchas ocasiones nos preguntamos ¿dónde se almacena la información de Bitcoin?, ¿cómo es almacenada?, ¿podemos cambiarla?, y si podemos cambiarla, ¿qué consecuencias tendría?. Así que en este artículo vamos a hablar de ello, vamos a revisar esa estructura de",,bitcoin1.jpg,
1052,2021-01-30,2021-07-30,Let’s get the Bitcoin whitepaper from the blockchain! (Part 1),guide,https://bitcoiner.dev/2021/01/30/lets-get-the-bitcoin-whitepaper-from-the-blockchain/,en,BitcoinerDev,"technical, whitepaper, blockchain",A step by step explanation of how to get the whitepaper from the blockchain directly,,fractal.jpg,
1053,2020-12-05,2021-07-30,The Bitcoin Revolution,article,https://bitcoiner.dev/2020/12/05/the-bitcoin-revolution/,en,BitcoinerDev,adoption,"We live in a time of technological change and crisis. Software continues to eat the world. It is automating everything at an increasing rate and making them cheaper, faster and widely accessible. This is what technology is supposed to do, doing more with less. The forward march of technology cannot and should not be stopped. It is the ultimate expression of human ingenuity. It is the most raw representation of who we truly are – an intelligent life form that can improve not only its own condition but raise everyone up together.",,woman-sitting-mountain.jpg,
1054,2020-03-25,2021-08-03,Covid-19: The times they are a-changin’,article,https://www.brandonquittem.com/covid19-the-times-they-are-a-changin/,en,Brandon Quittem,philosophy,Fear and uncertainty are at an all-time high. Here is my (somewhat) optimistic take on the future of the human race.,,puppet.jpg,
1055,2020-03-25,2021-08-03,Bitcoin Culture Wars: What Doesn’t Kill You Makes you Stronger,article,https://www.brandonquittem.com/bitcoin-culture-wars-what-doesnt-kill-you-makes-you-stronger/,en,Brandon Quittem,governance,Exploring Bitcoin’s informal governance mechanism which is often called a “culture war.”,,scripture-with-candles.jpg,
1056,2020-05-01,2021-08-03,Bitcoin is The Mycelium of Money,article,https://www.brandonquittem.com/bitcoin-is-the-mycelium-of-money/,en,Brandon Quittem,"network, resilience","Foreward This is the entire bitcoin+fungi series combined into a single article. I have more unpublished material, should I turn this into a book? Let me know on twitter, my DMs are open. Also, would you like to be notified when I publish new articles? Signup here. I need to give credit to Dan Held for publishing his 4-part series comparing bitcoin’s origin to planting a tree. While I loved his…",,bitcoin4.jpg,
1057,2020-06-05,2021-08-03,Brandon’s Favorite Podcast Episodes of All Time,article,https://www.brandonquittem.com/favorite-podcast-episodes/,en,Brandon Quittem,"technology, philosophy","“You are what you listen to” Background: This started as an email thread in 2015 exchanges podcasts episodes with friends.  Then it became a google doc read by thousands of people. Finally decided to publish it on my site. My goal is to update this regularity. Also, here’s a list of podcasts I’ve appeared on. About these episodes (last update 6/5/20): this is an eclectic…",,bitcoin3.jpg,
1058,2020-10-29,2021-08-03,Bitcoin and the Rhythms of History,article,https://www.brandonquittem.com/bitcoin-rhythms-of-history/,en,Brandon Quittem,"technology, philosophy","You’re living through a particularly potent period in history.  But you already knew that.  Since the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, we’ve been in what Neil Howe and William Strauss describe as a “Fourth Turning.” The final act in a drama that began on the heels of WWII.   Fourth Turnings are defined by the collective realization that “things are bad enough that we’re willing to actually do…",,Bitcoin-blue.jpg,
1059,,2021-08-06,BAT out of Hell,article,https://6102bitcoin.com/blog/bat-out-of-hell/,en,6102,shitcoins,"The sirens are screaming and the fires are howling way down in the (bitcoin twitter) valley tonight. An enlightening conversation between Francis Pouliot and Brendan Eich (CEO of Brave.com) has revealed why brave uses its own token (BAT — Basic Attention Token) rather than Bitcoin, and the rationale is frankly insane. Brave is an unnecessary product for users (ublock origin blocks all ads) and simple ‘pay to read’ tools like satoshipay (but using bitcoin) are far superior.",,shells.jpg,
1060,,2021-08-06,Bitcoin Fee Explosion,article,https://6102bitcoin.com/blog/bitcoin-fee-explosion/,en,6102,fees,"Bitcoin fees won’t always fall. You need to prepare. Imagine you are waiting for a flight with 100 seats. The seats are auctioned with the 100 highest bids buying a seat. The auction opens 10 mins before closing, and previously unsuccessful bids remain active in the next auction. The number of new people showing up per flight ranges from say 10 to 300. You are sitting in the waiting area and can see how many people are already waiting at the gate.",,bitcoin3.jpg,
1061,,2021-08-06,Bitcoin Mining Trends,article,https://6102bitcoin.com/blog/bitcoin-mining-trends/,en,6102,mining,"Mining companies earn bitcoin from both the block reward and transaction fees. Currently the block reward is 12.5 BTC and the transaction fees per block = ~0.1 BTC. Though there have been times when the block fees almost exceeded block the reward, it has historically been far lower. Block Reward Per Block [Source] Transaction Fees per Block [Source] Going forwards, the issuance of bitcoin decreases (next halving of the block reward is in ~ 1 Year).",,ant-miner.jpg,
1062,,2021-08-06,Bitcoin tx Ambiguity,article,https://6102bitcoin.com/blog/bitcoin-tx-ambiguity/,en,6102,transactions,"Bitcoin transactions are public, yet regularly ambiguous. Some thoughts. Introduction Lots of smart people are working on sophisticated methods of breaking common heuristics. Here I evaluate the two most basic types of transaction, and suggest some ‘low tech’ methods of further breaking these heuristics. I shall make use of tables like this: IN_X OUT_Y Alice Bob IN_X refers to Transaction Input number X OUT_Y refers to Transaction Output number Y Alice is the owner of IN_X Bob is the owner of OUT_Y Transaction fees are ignored to make it easier to read - assume one of the outputs is reduced slightly in order to provide a transaction fee.",,,
1063,,2021-08-06,Build & Refine,article,https://6102bitcoin.com/blog/build-and-refine/,en,6102,scam,"In a free market without regulation ‘calling out scammers’ is ineffective. It takes 100 times more effort to convince someone to avoid a scam than it does to convince someone to fall for one. To worsen the disadvantage, the scammer gets paid whereas educators do not. So what’s the solution? Direct your energy into educating people about bitcoin & improving bitcoin tools. Some people are going to get scammed, you can try and fight this but for the reasons explained above it’s a lost cause.",,colosseum.jpg,
1064,,2021-08-06,Coldbit Bitcoin Puzzle,article,https://6102bitcoin.com/blog/coldbit-bitcoin-puzzle/,en,6102,game,Coldbit made a bitcoin puzzle which I was fortunate enough to solve first - netting me 1 000 000 sats (or 0.01 BTC). I include details of how I mixed this prize with whirlpool so that you can’t follow my coins! This is the announcement made on twitter: Puzzle announcement Here is a high resolution copy of the image in the tweet: Image provided as part of Puzzle announcement It shows three metal bitcoin seed backups (made by Coldbit) with engraved artwork.,,maze.jpg,
1065,,2021-08-06,Compliant Miners,article,https://6102bitcoin.com/blog/compliant-miners/,en,6102,mining,I shall attempt to briefly explain why I think that the game theory of mining will result in regular non-compliant blocks being mined. My hope is that this can put to rest the concerns that a minority compliant group of miners will force the network into a compliant system. If you believe that I have made an error please get in touch and explain where you think I went wrong.,,mine.jpg,
1066,,2021-08-06,Digital Privacy,article,https://6102bitcoin.com/blog/digital-privacy/,en,6102,privacy,Bullet points of better practices for digital privacy,,privacy2.jpg,
1067,,2021-08-06,Get The Fiat Out,article,https://6102bitcoin.com/blog/get-the-fiat-out/,en,6102,fiat,Going Abroad Going abroad temporarily to a place with a different currency can be disorientating. You may struggle judging prices and clumsily convert back to your ‘home’ currency. Living abroad you adapt and start pricing things in the local currency. You stop thinking in terms of your ‘home’ currency. It’s time to make the move to the internet. It’s time to think in bitcoin. Internalise If you always use GPS you will never learn the route.,,dollar.jpg,
1068,,2021-08-06,IMF Inflation Idiocy,article,https://6102bitcoin.com/blog/imf-inflation-idiocy/,en,6102,inflation,"Inflation Bad. Deflation Good. The IMF just posted a video on twitter which purports to explain; What is inflation? Below is a transcript with my comments. Please link me to useful books / resources as applicable. So you go to the store in New York and you buy a nice chair for $100 You go back the next year and the same chair is for $110 Prices went up, and if there’s a sustained increase in the overall prices of goods and services, thats inflation.",,money-burning-inflation.jpg,
1069,,2021-08-06,Lightning Network Intro,article,https://6102bitcoin.com/blog/lightning-network-intro/,en,6102,"lightning, payments",What is lightning? Instant & cheap bitcoin transactions. How can I try lightning? An easy way to try the lightning network. Just visit tippin.me and sign up. Use a bitcoin lightning wallet such as lightning-wallet on android. On iOS there is thin wallet but that is not yet opensource. Follow the instructions in the app you download to create a payment channel and send some satoshis to your tippin.me account.,,lightning.jpg,
1070,,2021-08-06,Not Your Keys,article,https://6102bitcoin.com/blog/not-your-keys/,en,6102,keys,"DANGER - Not Your Keys, Not Your Coins Owning bitcoin is knowing a private key which can be used to spend a bitcoin UTXO. If any other person knows this private key, they could spend the UTXO. For this reason, you must keep your private keys secure, and secret. Scams & Frauds Scammers have been attempting to take bitcoin from uneducated users for years. One way to do this is to give an uneducated user a bitcoin wallet for which the scammer knows the private key.",,privacy.jpg,
1071,,2021-08-06,Slice The Pie,article,https://6102bitcoin.com/blog/slice-the-pie/,en,6102,"mmt, inflation","What even is orange pie? This dumb tweet inspired this short article… “The carpenter can’t run out of inches The stadium can’t run out of points The airline can’t run out of FF miles And the USA can’t run out of dollar” - Stephanie Kelton Understanding There is a common belief that the USA can just print as much money as it wants. Ignoring the complex nature in which money is actually created (debt, treasury notes etc) this is true, the USA can print as many dollars as it likes.",,fractal.jpg,
1072,,2021-08-06,SLP178 Podcast,article,https://6102bitcoin.com/blog/slp178/,en,6102,"economics, money, technology","You can Listen to the podcast. SL: Why 6102 as your name? Tell us about the executive order and why you chose this 6102: Executive Order 6102 was a presidential directive which forbade the hoarding of gold in the United States - citizens were instructed to deliver their gold to the Federal Reserve within a month of the signing of the order in April 1933. Violating the order carried a punishment of 10 years in prison, a $10,000 fine or both.",,sunrise.jpg,
1073,,2021-08-06,Surplus Clean Energy Fallacy (copy),article,https://6102bitcoin.com/blog/surplus-clean-energy-falacy-copy/,en,6102,energy,"This post explains why “surplus” clean energy bitcoin mining is a fallacy. I shall tackle the most generous scenario where clean electricity obtained at zero cost by a wind turbine operator and used for mining. (Note, Zero cost electricity is impossible as there will be operational costs). Let the term ‘Mining Ratio’ refer to the mining income per unit energy divided by the electricity cost per unit energy. The miner aims to mine with the maximum average mining ratio over the lifetime of their hardware in order to maximize profit.",,Money-plant.jpg,
1074,,2021-08-06,Surplus Clean Energy Fallacy,article,https://6102bitcoin.com/blog/surplus-clean-energy-fallacy/,en,6102,energy,"This post explains why “surplus” clean energy bitcoin mining is a fallacy. I shall tackle the most generous scenario where clean electricity obtained at zero cost by a wind turbine operator and used for mining. (Note, Zero cost electricity is impossible as there will be operational costs). Let the term ‘Mining Ratio’ refer to the mining income per unit energy divided by the electricity cost per unit energy. The miner aims to mine with the maximum average mining ratio over the lifetime of their hardware in order to maximize profit.",,Money-plant.jpg,
1075,2016-01-29,2021-08-06,A trip to the moon requires a rocket with multiple stages,other,https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/438hx0/a_trip_to_the_moon_requires_a_rocket_with/,en,nullc,blocksize,"A lot of people on Reddit think of Bitcoin primarily as a competitor to card payment networks. I think this is more than a little odd-- Bitcoin is a digital currency. Visa and the US dollar are not usually considered competitors, Mastercard and gold coins are not usually considered competitors. Bitcoin isn't a front end for something that provides credit, etc.",,,
1076,2015-06-22,2021-08-06,Bitcoin’s Ironic Crisis,article,https://bramcohen.medium.com/bitcoin-s-ironic-crisis-32226a85e39f#.558vetum4,en,Bram Cohen,blocksize,"Bitcoin has always had the potential for a crisis. Maybe it will be the subject of a successful denial of service attack. Maybe it will be declared illegal. Maybe it will be supplanted by a newer, better technology. But not until very recently had anyone suggested the potential crisis which Bitcoin is now heading towards: Of being undermined by a developer who’s gone rogue, using his political influence to convince vendors that an upcoming minor problem will be a major crisis, getting them to accept his own extraordinarily bad pet solution to that problem, and as a result hurtling the whole ecosystem towards potential disaster.",,,
1077,2016-01-28,2021-08-06,"Re: Wondering out loud: Which should Chinese miners support - Core, Classic or another?",other,https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=1343716.msg13701818#msg13701818,en,gmaxwell,blocksize,"Bitcoin was created to be a system of money that depended on cryptography and mathematical proof instead of strong trust; removing systemic political risk and providing monetary sovereignty to it users. Bitcoin is simple in implementation, but complex in implications-- it carefully balances economic incentives and clever algorithms. As typical for cryptosystems, the details matter greatly: Many people have failed to understand the careful balances in the system, and many an altcoin that twiddled with the parameters in seemingly innocuous ways found their system unworkable or insecure in practice. ",,,
1078,2017-03-28,2021-08-06,Request to Core devs,other,https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/61yvvv/request_to_core_devs_please_explain_your_vision/,en,kekcoin,blocksize,"I'm relatively new to the debate, very strongly anti-BU/EC but am mildly in favor of/don't see the problem with bigger blocks/a planned hard-fork. Please, educate me on your view as to if the max block size should ever change, if not why not, if yes how, etc.",,,
1079,2016-10-14,2021-08-06,Core reaction to viaBTC / this week?,other,https://www.reddit.com/r/btc/comments/57hd14/core_reaction_to_viabtc_this_week/d8scokm/,en,steb2k,blocksize,mod of r/btc speaking against a hard fork,,,
1080,2016-06-17,2021-08-06,"Industry would love to fill every single block full, no matter how big you make it, if transactions are cheap and plentiful",other,https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/4og24h/i_just_attended_the_distributed_trade_conference/,en,,blocksize,"blockchain space must be costly, it can never be free",,,
1081,2015-12-16,2021-08-06,Eating the Bitcoin Cake,article,https://medium.com/@SatoshiLite/eating-the-bitcoin-cake-fc2b4ebfb85e#.444vr8shw,en,Charlie Lee,blocksize,charlie lee with a nice analogy about the fundamental tradeoff,,,
1082,2016-06-21,2021-08-06,Re: The Blocksize Debate & Concerns,other,https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=1520693.msg15303746#msg15303746,en,gmaxwell,blocksize,gmaxwell on the tradeoffs,,,
1083,,2021-08-06,List of Bitcoiners to follow in Twitter,collection,https://hive.one/c/Bitcoin?page=1,en,,"twitter, influencers","If you want to follow the most prominent bitcoiners in Twitter, this list is a great starting point",,,
1084,2021-07-30,2021-08-06,Bullish on bitcoin home miners,article,https://www.econoalchemist.com/post/the-bullish-case-for-mining-non-kyc-bitcoin-at-home,en,Econoalchemist,mining,"This article focuses on establishing a timeline of recent mining related events, the economics of mining at home for the average US resident, some speculation on the economical future limits, and some steps you can take to start mining non-KYC bitcoin at home.",,mine.jpg,
1085,2021-08-04,2021-08-06,Entrevista a Lyn Alden,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/entrevista-a-lyn-alden,es,Pedro Solimano,interviews,"Esta semana tuve el placer de entrevistar a Lyn Alden. Una de las macro-inversionistas más respetadas y connotadas del mundo, Lyn escribe periódicamente sobre la macroeconomía, inflación, movimientos del mercado y mucho más. Tocamos estos temas, la hegemonía del dólar, y el rol de Bitcoin en mercados emergentes. Espero que les guste.",,,
1086,2017-11-27,2021-08-08,Scriptless Scripts: How Bitcoin Can Support Smart Contracts Without Smart Contracts,article,https://bitcoinmagazine.com/technical/scriptless-scripts-how-bitcoin-can-support-smart-contracts-without-smart-contracts,en,Aaron van Wirdum,"cryptography, schnorr",“Scriptless Scripts” have the potential to completely move certain smart contracts off of Bitcoin’s blockchain — while still leveraging all of Bitcoin’s security.,,,
1087,2021-04-20,2021-08-08,Blue Sky Joinmarket thoughts,article,https://joinmarket.me/blog/blog/blue-sky-joinmarket-thoughts/,en,Adam Gibson,"technical, coinjoin, joinmarket","The world moves forward. Joinmarket has been in operation for many years, and while a ton of work has gone into let's say the ""bottom"" and the ""top"" of the application (""bottom"" example: complete refactoring of bitcoin libraries such as that in this PR, ""top"" example: a ton of work making a functioning Qt app for Takers and all basic features like coin control), and extra tools around the basic coinjoin primitive (coin control, payjoin etc etc), the central mechanisms have not really changed since late 2016.",,,
1088,2021-04-10,2021-08-08,The Soundness of MuSig,article,https://joinmarket.me/blog/blog/the-soundness-of-musig/,en,Adam Gibson,"technical, cryptography, musig, schnorr","This post is an investigation of the security argument, i.e. how we can (or can't) be sure of the security of these type of Schnorr-based multisig constructions, as we intend to use them in Bitcoin.",,,
1089,2020-12-07,2021-08-08,"Proof of Work, a pictorial essay",article,https://joinmarket.me/blog/blog/pow-a-pictorial-essay/,en,Adam Gibson,pow,"In the modern nation state, courts (""justice"") operate with the threat of violence. The exact way a dispute is settled varies (jury, single judge, etc.), but the ""finality"" of the resolution they provide is based on the fact that the state asserts the final say, and if you don't agree, it doesn't matter, because they have men with guns. Importantly, they don't just have some men with guns (that's something you might have, too), they have an overwhelming number of men and increasingly large guns depending on how much you don't want to accept their say.",,,
1090,2020-11-05,2021-08-08,From MAC to Wabisabi,article,https://joinmarket.me/blog/blog/from-mac-to-wabisabi/,en,Adam Gibson,"technical, cryptography, coinjoin","First, assume we think it's valuable to have big coinjoins with random amounts for all the inputs and outputs, and probably for this one specific reason: we want to make payments from coinjoins and, possibly, to make payments within coinjoins (the latter is literally what is meant by payjoin, so that is part of this discussion, note however we'd be talking about payjoin batched together with other sub-transactions, so a lot of earlier analysis of payjoin doesn't apply).",,,
1091,2020-10-25,2021-08-08,Joinmarket update for Oct 2020,article,https://joinmarket.me/blog/blog/oct-2020-update/,en,Adam Gibson,"technical, coinjoin, joinmarket","It seems like a good idea to start using this blog to spread a little bit more information to users and other interested parties, about Joinmarket, in particular about how it might change.",,,
1092,2020-06-15,2021-08-08,The 445BTC gridchain case,article,https://joinmarket.me/blog/blog/the-445-btc-gridchain-case/,en,Adam Gibson,"technical, coinjoin, joinmarket","For those time-constrained or non-technical, it may make sense to read only the Summary section of this article. It goes without saying that the details do matter, and reading the other sections will give you a much better overall picture.",,,
1093,2020-04-15,2021-08-08,Schnorrless Scriptless Scripts,article,https://joinmarket.me/blog/blog/schnorrless-scriptless-scripts/,en,Adam Gibson,"technical, cryptography, schnorr","I will not focus here on either the proof of concept code, nor the potential applications of this tech (which are actually many, not only LN, but also Discreet Log contracts, various design of tumbler and others), but entirely on the cryptography.",,,
1094,2019-12-15,2021-08-08,Avoiding Wagnerian Tragedies,article,https://joinmarket.me/blog/blog/avoiding-wagnerian-tragedies/,en,Adam Gibson,"technical, cryptography","It is a personal investigation; long, mainly because I wanted to answer a lot of questions for myself about it. If you are similarly motivated to understand the algorithm, this may provide useful guideposts. But there are no guarantees of accuracy.",,,
1095,2019-04-15,2021-08-08,Multiparty S6,article,https://joinmarket.me/blog/blog/multiparty-s6/,en,Adam Gibson,"technical, cryptography",The multiparty symmetrical Schnorr signature scriptless script shuffle,,,
1096,2019-02-28,2021-08-08,Ring Signatures,article,https://joinmarket.me/blog/blog/ring-signatures/,en,Adam Gibson,"technical, cryptography","The idea of a ring signature (the term itself is a bit sloppy in context, but let's stick with it for now) is simple enough",,,
1097,2019-02-01,2021-08-08,"Liars, cheats, scammers and the Schnorr signature",article,https://joinmarket.me/blog/blog/liars-cheats-scammers-and-the-schnorr-signature/,en,Adam Gibson,"technical, cryptography, schnorr","How sure are you that the cryptography underlying Bitcoin is secure? With regard to one future development of Bitcoin's crypto, in discussions in public fora, I have more than once confidently asserted ""well, but the Schnorr signature has a security reduction to ECDLP"". Three comments on that before we begin",,,
1098,2019-01-15,2021-08-08,Finessing commitments,article,https://joinmarket.me/blog/blog/finessing-commitments/,en,Adam Gibson,"technical, cryptography","This post was mostly prompted by a long series of discussions had online and in person with many people, including in particular Adam Back and Tim Ruffing (but lots of others!) - and certainly not restricted to discussions I took part in - about the tradeoffs in a version of Bitcoin that does actually use Confidential Transactions.",,,
1099,2018-12-15,2021-08-08,Payjoin,article,https://joinmarket.me/blog/blog/payjoin/,en,Adam Gibson,"technical, coinjoin","Current implementations of CoinJoin are of the ""equal-sized"" variety (see above). This requires coordination, but it's possible to get a decent number of people to come together and agree to do a CoinJoin of a certain fixed amount. The negative is that this kind of transaction is trivially distinguishable from an ""ordinary"" transaction, in particular a payment from one counterparty to another. Here's a typical Joinmarket CoinJoin (and other implementations are just as, or more, distinguishable)",,,
1100,2018-09-15,2021-08-08,CoinjoinXT,article,https://joinmarket.me/blog/blog/coinjoinxt/,en,Adam Gibson,"technical, coinjoin",We assume that the reader is familiar with CoinJoin as a basic idea - collaboratively providing inputs to a transactions so that it may be made difficult or impossible to distinguish ownership/control of the outputs.,,,
1101,2018-04-15,2021-08-08,The Steganographic Principle,article,https://joinmarket.me/blog/blog/the-steganographic-principle/,en,Adam Gibson,"technical, cryptography","Some time ago I wrote this gist, which is an ill-formed technical concept about a way you could do steganography leveraging randomness in existing network protocols; but I also called it a ""manifesto"", jokingly, because I realised the thinking behind it is inherently political.",,,
1102,2018-03-15,2021-08-08,Flipping the scriptless script on Schnorr,article,https://joinmarket.me/blog/blog/flipping-the-scriptless-script-on-schnorr/,en,Adam Gibson,"technical, cryptography, schnorr","It's by now very well known in the community of Bitcoin enthusiasts that the Schnorr signature may have great significance; and ""everyone knows"" that its significance is that it will enable signatures to be aggregated, which could be great for scalability, and nice for privacy too. This has been elucidated quite nicely in a Bitcoin Core blog post.",,,
1103,2017-09-15,2021-08-08,SNICKER,article,https://joinmarket.me/blog/blog/snicker/,en,Adam Gibson,"technical, coinjoin","I'm going to do this backwards - start with the end goal user experience, and then work backwards to the technical design. This way, those not wanting to get lost in technical details can still get the gist.",,,
1104,2016-06-15,2021-08-08,P(o)ODLE,article,https://joinmarket.me/blog/blog/poodle/,en,Adam Gibson,"technical, cryptography, joinmarket ","You're engaging in a protocol (like Joinmarket) where you're using bitcoin utxos regularly. We want to enforce some scarcity; you can't use the same utxo more than once, let's say. Utxos can be created all the time, but at some cost of time and money; so it can be seen as a kind of rate limiting.",,,
1105,2021-07-30,2021-08-06,En defensa de Bitcoin,article,https://www.elmostrador.cl/noticias/opinion/columnas/2021/07/30/en-defensa-de-bitcoin/,es,Pedro Solimano,adoption,"A raíz del artículo escrito por el expresidente del Banco Central de Chile, José De Gregorio y citado por El Mostrador, la discusión no estaría completa sin una refutación de quienes nos adherimos a Bitcoin y la revolución tecnológica del dinero. Sin ánimo de polemizar, sino buscando aportar a la discusión, quiero aclarar algunos puntos del mencionado artículo que son objetables.",,bitcoin1.jpg,
1106,2021-07-12,2021-08-06,Optimally Reliable & Cheap Payment Flows on the Lightning Network,article,https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.05322,en,"Rene Pickhardt, Stefan Richter","lightning, payments","Today, payment paths in Bitcoin's Lightning Network are found by searching for shortest paths on the fee graph. We enhance this approach in two dimensions. Firstly, we take into account the probability of a payment actually being possible due to the unknown balance distributions in the channels. Secondly, we use minimum cost flows as a proper generalization of shortest paths to multi-part payments (MPP). In particular we show that under plausible assumptions about the balance distributions we can find the most likely MPP for any given set of senders, recipients and amounts by solving for a (generalized) integer minimum cost flow with a separable and convex cost function. Polynomial time exact algorithms as well as approximations are known for this optimization problem. We present a round-based algorithm of min-cost flow computations for delivering large payment amounts over the Lightning Network. This algorithm works by updating the probability distributions with the information gained from both successful and unsuccessful paths on prior rounds. In all our experiments a single digit number of rounds sufficed to deliver payments of sizes that were close to the total local balance of the sender. Early experiments indicate that our approach increases the size of payments that can be reliably delivered by several orders of magnitude compared to the current state of the art. We observe that finding the cheapest multi-part payments is an NP-hard problem considering the current fee structure and propose dropping the base fee to make it a linear min-cost flow problem. Finally, we discuss possibilities for maximizing the probability while at the same time minimizing the fees of a flow. While this turns out to be a hard problem in general as well - even in the single path case - it appears to be surprisingly tractable in practice.",,lightning2.jpg,
1107,2020-08-02,2021-08-03,Implications of outlawing Bitcoin,article,https://dergigi.com/2021/08/02/implications-of-outlawing-bitcoin/,en,Der Gigi,"law, freedom, speech, illegal","Bitcoin is complicated and scary. Just like fire, electricity, computers, and every other ground-breaking invention before it. It is complicated and scary because most people do not understand how it works and why it might be useful.",,freedom.jpg,
1108,2021-08-02,2021-08-08,Estimating the Node Degree of Public Peers and Detecting Sybil Peers Based on Address Messages in the Bitcoin P2P Network,article,https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.00815,en,"Matthias Grundmann, Max Baumstark","cryptography, security",Some peers in the Bitcoin P2P network distributed a huge amount of spam IP addresses during July 2021. These spam IP addresses did not belong to actual Bitcoin peers. We found that the behavior of the spamming peers can be used to determine the number of neighbors of public peers and to find Sybil peers (peers that have multiple addresses). We evaluate the method by running an analysis based on data collected by our monitor nodes and compare the data to a ground-truth based on few peers that we run ourselves. The node degree of public peers is found with high precision and Sybil peers are correctly classified with very high precision and high recall if the spamming peers and the monitor are connected to all Sybil addresses,,privacy.jpg,
1109,,2021-08-06,The Bitcoin exam,tool,https://www.thebitcoinexam.com/,en,,"quiz, exam",50 Questions To Assess Your Understanding Of Bitcoin.,,book.jpg,
1110,,2021-08-06,ECON103: Principles of Austrian Economics I,course,https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=480,en,Saifedean Ammous,"austrian, economics","Explore the themes of the Austrian school of economics by Carl Menger, Ludwig von Mises, and Murray Rothbard, including the topics of human action, value, utility, scarcity, opportunity cost, time preference, capital, trade, money, and prices.",,story.jpg,
1111,2019-06-25,2021-08-06,The Bitcoin content consumption curve,article,https://www.ministryofnodes.com.au/the-bitcoin-content-consumption-curve,en,Ketan,beginners,"In this article, Ketan takes you through the Bitcoin content that has made a significant impact to his views.",,bitcoin5.jpg,
1112,2021-08-09,2021-08-10,Bitcoin’s Energy Usage Isn’t a Problem. Here’s Why.,article,https://www.swanbitcoin.com/bitcoins-energy-usage-is-not-a-problem-heres-why-by-lyn-alden/?utm_campaign=Lyn%20Alden%20-%20Energy%20Report%20%28customers%2Fnon-customers%20but%20NO%20swan%20PCS%29%20%28SwLtJZ%29&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Master%20List%20%28including%20customers%29&_kx=jmcIqFtVf3Uig4pHsBu6grGcdP9N-Mm_ZeNiZTQsN4T_BzwUNt3PUVoJAyyoBk7x.KzLKES,en,Lyn Alden,energy,"Bitcoin’s energy usage has been in the news for years. It’s often criti­cized for using too much energy, or not making efficient use of its energy, or in extreme cases, being an outright climate/energy disaster.",,fractal.jpg,
1113,2019-12-14,2021-08-06,Bitcoin Static Donation Addresses Suck,guide,https://www.ministryofnodes.com.au/bitcoin-static-donation-addresses-suck,en,Stephan Livera,"privacy, addresses",Don’t be one of those people using one bitcoin address. Learn better practices here.,,privacy2.jpg,
1114,2020-12-11,2021-08-06,"Bitcoin seeds, passphrase and PIN: What’s the difference?",guide,https://www.ministryofnodes.com.au/bitcoin-seeds-passphrase-and-pin-what%E2%80%99s-the-difference,en,Stephan Livera,seed,"In this article, Stephan takes you through the differences between a seed, passphrase and PIN.",,privacy.jpg,
1115,2020-12-19,2021-08-06,Not Being Bullish Enough On Bitcoin is a Mistake,article,https://www.ministryofnodes.com.au/not-being-bullish-enough-on-bitcoin-is-a-mistake,en,Stephan Livera,bullish,"In this article, Stephan discusses the risks arising from not being bullish enough on Bitcoin.",,bull.jpg,
1116,2019-07-13,2021-08-09,Design for improving JoinMarket's resistance to sybil attacks using fidelity bonds,article,https://gist.github.com/chris-belcher/18ea0e6acdb885a2bfbdee43dcd6b5af/,en,Chris Belcher,"technical, coinjoin, joinmarket","JoinMarket can be sybil attacked today at relatively low cost which can destroy its privacy. Bitcoins can be sacrificed with burner outputs and time-locked addresses (also called fidelity bonds), and this can be used to greatly improve JoinMarket's resistance to sybil attacks.",,,
1117,,2021-08-09,Fidelity bonds,article,https://github.com/JoinMarket-Org/joinmarket-clientserver/blob/master/docs/fidelity-bonds.md,en,"Chris Belcher, Kristaps Kaupe","technical, coinjoin, joinmarket","Fidelity bonds are a feature of JoinMarket which improves the resistance to sybil attacks, and therefore improves the privacy of the system.",,,
1118,2019-07-13,2021-08-09,Financial mathematics of JoinMarket fidelity bonds,article,https://gist.github.com/chris-belcher/87ebbcbb639686057a389acb9ab3e25b#using-capm-model-to-figure-out-how-much-fees-have-to-rise-for-a-certain-sacrifice,en,Chris Belcher,"coinjoin, joinmarket",We want to come up with a mathematical formula which gives the value of a fidelity bond. We want this function to be in the best interests of takers who use it. We aim for them to get the best possible sybil resistance. The value of a fidelity bond is related to the value sacrified in order to create it. We can be guided by existing principles from financial mathematics. In the rest of the document we call the function f.,,,
1119,2021-01-24,2021-08-06,How To Get Your Bitcoin Off The Exchange (2021 edition),guide,https://www.ministryofnodes.com.au/how-to-get-your-bitcoin-off-the-exchange-2021-edition,en,Stephan Livera,exchanges,"In this article, Stephan advises how to get your bitcoin off the exchange.",,trading-charts.jpg,
1120,2021-01-26,2021-08-06,What is Number Go Up Technology?,article,https://www.ministryofnodes.com.au/what-is-number-go-up-technology,en,Stephan Livera,ngu,"In this article, Stephan answers the question, ""What is Number Go Up Technology?""",,ngu.jpg,
1121,2021-02-14,2021-08-06,Ubuntu Node Box Guide 2020,guide,https://www.ministryofnodes.com.au/ubuntu-node-box-guide-2020,en,Ketan,"node, ubuntu",The Ministry of Nodes Ubuntu Node Box Guide for Ubuntu 20.04 has been released!,,raspi.jpg,
1122,2021-07-29,2021-08-06,Start with Bitcoin,article,https://www.ministryofnodes.com.au/start-with-bitcoin,en,Stephan Livera,beginners,"In this article, Stephan goes through how to get started with Bitcoin.",,road.jpg,
1123,2014-09-01,2021-08-06,Mining Bitcoin with pencil and paper: 0.67 hashes per day ,guide,http://www.righto.com/2014/09/mining-bitcoin-with-pencil-and-paper.html?m=1,en,Ken Shirriff,mining,"I decided to see how practical it would be to mine Bitcoin with pencil and paper. It turns out that the SHA-256 algorithm used for mining is pretty simple and can in fact be done by hand. Not surprisingly, the process is extremely slow compared to hardware mining and is entirely impractical. But performing the algorithm manually is a good way to understand exactly how it works. ",,ant-miner.jpg,
1124,2021-08-07,2021-08-10,The Problem with Ethereum,article,https://tomerstrolight.medium.com/the-problem-with-ethereum-af9692f4af95,en,Tomer Strolight,shitcoins,"People ask me, “Can you explain why you dislike Ethereum and recommend against buying or holding it?” Here is my explanation.",,,
1125,2021-02-22,2021-08-07,Running Bitcoin & Lightning Nodes Over The Tor Network (2021 Edition),guide,https://stopanddecrypt.medium.com/running-bitcoin-lightning-nodes-over-the-tor-network-2021-edition-489180297d5,en,StopAndDecrypt,"lightning, tor, nodes","In 2018 I made a tutorial for getting a Bitcoin full node up and running on Linux, and I provided a complete step-by-step process, along with explainers for how to use & understand the bash shell, and what certain commands and their flags did. It’s been 3 years since, and what you’re reading now is the updated and next iteration of that. This tutorial is 1 of 3 being published in tandem. The one you’re viewing currently is the primary one, and brings the other two together to run over the Tor network, and connect your phone’s Bitcoin & Lightning wallets to it using Zap iOS over Tor (if you do not have iOS you may skip the Zap aspects of this tutorial, or use the Zap desktop client). The other two function as standalone tutorials for both Bitcoin & Lightning respectively, and they completely break down the entire node installation process for beginners.",,lightning.jpg,
1126,,2021-08-07,The History of Money and Why Bitcoin,article,https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/19sSL58kmxCJ2PB7D-RKYq-rr2Ahsc9Hc/edit#slide=id.p1,en,Muteness,"history, money","The purpose of this presentation is to help a knowledgeable presenter share the history of money and bitcoin, its being developed so that the presenter is guided by slides and by going through every point to explain it further (its developed in a sequence as if it’s a story so that the audience can related",,story.jpg,
1127,,2021-08-08,ECDSA sample,tool,https://kjur.github.io/jsrsasign/sample/sample-ecdsa.html,en,Kenji Urushima,ecdsa,"Explore and try generating EC keypair, signing and verifying ECDSA signature",,privacy.jpg,
1128,,2021-08-08,A curated playlist about Bitcoin and money,collection,https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2jAZ0x9H0bTDRmAAmVSKMidt-MHULl4O,en,,"money, history, government, energy",A curated playlist about Bitcoin and money,,story.jpg,
1129,2021-03-10,2021-08-14,"The rich get richer, the poor get Bitcoin",article,https://iai.tv/articles/the-rich-get-richer-the-poor-get-bitcoin-auid-1766,en,Bradley Rettler,progressives,"Global wealth inequality is increasing. Meanwhile government-backed currencies, where most of the poor save their money, are devaluing. Poor people lack access to banking, and they can’t get credit. #Bitcoin helps fix wealth inequality",,,
1130,2021-06-17,2021-08-14,Why Progressives Must Adopt Bitcoin,article,https://theprogressivecaseforbitcoin.medium.com/why-progressives-must-adopt-bitcoin-6030ca30f5bd,en,The Progressive Case for Bitcoin,progressives,"Progressives can adopt #Bitcoin now, collectively owning a larger stake in the world’s decentralized censorship-resistant monetary network, or forfeit that stake to dictatorships and opportunistic domestic politicians. The clock’s ticking.",,,
1131,2021-07-08,2021-08-14,Elizabeth Warren’s Bitcoin Blind Spot,article,https://www.coindesk.com/elizabeth-warrens-bitcoin-blind-spot,en,Murtaza Hussain,progressives,"The wealthiest users can’t change the rules of the system, nor can they block the poorest users from having access. The only technology anyone on Earth needs to take part on equal terms in the network is a phone with internet access.",,,
1132,2021-08-13,2021-08-14,Why Progressives Should Love Bitcoin: An Open Letter to Senator Elizabeth Warren,article,https://medium.com/@samanthamessing/why-progressives-should-love-bitcoin-an-open-letter-to-senator-elizabeth-warren-176ab5cc9229,en,Samantha Messing,progressives,"Bitcoin is the most democratized form of money ever created. Nobody owns or controls Bitcoin, and everyone can take part",,,
1133,2019-06-27,2021-08-14,How Bitcoin Can Help Bridge Afghanistan's Gender Gap,article,https://www.inverse.com/innovation/57129-fereshteh-forough-afghanistan-bitcoin,en,Emily Rome,progressives,"When only seven percent of women have bank accounts, bitcoin can empower them for the future.",,,
1134,2021-06-15,2021-08-14,The Cantillonian Oligarchy: Why the Left Should Embrace Bitcoin,article,https://medium.com/coinmonks/the-cantillonian-oligarchy-why-the-left-should-embrace-bitcoin-65f3a45ffca0,en,Tom J. Maxwell,progressives,"Wealth and income inequality are as bad as they’ve ever been. Over the last 30 years, the wealthiest one percent of Americans have seen their share of total net worth rise by eight percent to 31.4 percent, while the bottom 50 percent hold only two percent, about two percent less wealth than they had three decades ago. Wage changes from 1979 to 2019 paint an even more desperate picture. According to the Economic Policy Institute — an independent, nonprofit, unionized think tank — the top one percent and the top 0.1 percent of earners had their annual wages grow by 160.3 percent and 345.2 percent respectively over the last 40 years. The bottom 90 percent of all workers only experienced a 26 percent hike in the same period.",,,
1135,2017-12-15,2021-08-08,Secret Key Exchange (Diffie-Hellman),video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NmM9HA2MQGI,en,Computerphile,cryptography,How do we exchange a secret key in the clear? Spoiler: We don't - Dr Mike Pound shows us exactly what happens. ,,fractal.jpg,
1136,2018-02-22,2021-08-08,How does ECDSA work in Bitcoin,article,https://medium.com/@blairlmarshall/how-does-ecdsa-work-in-bitcoin-7819d201a3ec,en,Blair Marshall,cryptography,"ECDSA (‘Elliptical Curve Digital Signature Algorithm’) is the cryptography behind private and public keys used in Bitcoin. It consists of combining the math behind finite fields and elliptic curves to create one way equations, meaning you can choose your private key (some number) and easily calculate your public key (some other number). However, I can’t take my public key (or anybody else’s for that matter) and easily calculate their private key. In fact, for Bitcoin it would take trillions of computers trillions of years of continuous guessing of different private keys to figure out which one creates a given public key.",,privacy2.jpg,
1137,,2021-08-08,Elliptic Curve scalar multiplication,tool,https://cdn.rawgit.com/andreacorbellini/ecc/920b29a/interactive/modk-mul.html,en,Andrea Corbellini,cryptography,Interactive tool to play with elliptic curves and see the result graphically,,Bitcoin-blue.jpg,
1138,2018-01-31,2021-08-08,How does a bitcoin transaction actually work?,article,https://medium.com/@blairlmarshall/how-does-a-bitcoin-transaction-actually-work-1c44818c3996,en,Blair Marshall,"cryptography, transactions","I wrote this post for myself to understand how Bitcoin really works. I thought it may be helpful for others as well, but if I misstated anything I would love to understand what and why. My intent is to make this a series of posts about Bitcoin, eventually Ethereum, and perhaps others I find interesting.",,bitcoin3.jpg,
1139,2018-02-22,2021-08-08,Crypto Innovation Spotlight: Schnorr Signatures,article,https://medium.com/blockchain-capital-blog/crypto-innovation-spotlight-schnorr-signatures-a83748f16a4,en,Spencer Bogart,"cryptography, schnorr","Schnorr is a digital signature algorithm. A digital signature algorithm, among other things, determines the relationship between public keys and private keys (“address” and “password”) — which means the choice has significant implications for security.",,lightning.jpg,
1140,2018-02-27,2021-08-08,Crypto Innovation Spotlight 2: Scriptless Scripts,article,https://medium.com/blockchain-capital-blog/crypto-innovation-spotlight-2-scriptless-scripts-306c4eb6b3a8,en,Spencer Bogart,"cryptography, schnorr",Scriptless Scripts are a way to execute smart contracts off-chain using Schnorr Signatures.,,lightning2.jpg,
1141,2021-06-24,2021-08-08,"Bitcoin, Currencies, and Fragility",article,https://www.academia.edu/49313911/Bitcoin_Currencies_and_Fragility,en,Nassim Nicholas Taleb,"currency, fragility","This discussion applies quantitative finance methods and economic arguments to cryptocurrencies in general and bitcoin in particular —as there are about 10000 cryptocurrencies, we focus (unless otherwise specified) on the most discussed crypto of those that claim to hew to the original protocol and the one with, by far, the largest market capitalization. In its current version, in spite of the hype, bitcoin failed to satisfy the notion of ""currency without government"" (it proved to not even be a currency at all), can be neither a short nor long term store of value (its expected value is no higher than 0), cannot operate as a reliable inflation hedge, and, worst of all, does not constitute, not even remotely, a safe haven for one’s investments, a shield against government tyranny, or a tail protection vehicle for catastrophic episodes. Furthermore, bitcoin promoters appear to conflate the success of a payment mechanism (as a decentralized mode of exchange), which so far has failed, with the speculative variations in the price of a zero-sum maximally fragile asset with massive negative externalities. Going through monetary history, we show how a true numeraire must be one of minimum variance with respect to an arbitrary basket of goods and services, how gold and silver lost their inflation hedge status during the Hunt brothers squeeze in the late 1970s and what would be required from a true inflation hedged store of value.",,puppet.jpg,
1142,,2021-08-08,Go Incognito,course,https://techlore.tech/goincognito.html,en,Techlore,privacy,"A guide to Security, Privacy, Anonymity",,privacy2.jpg,
1143,,2021-08-10,Anatomy of the state,video,https://www.anatomystatefilm.com/,en,Richard James,state,A film based on the book by Murray Rothbard,,capitol.jpg,
1144,,2021-08-10,Hard money,video,https://www.hardmoneyfilm.com/,en,Richard James,"money, history",A short documentary about money,,gold.jpg,
1145,,2021-08-10,Petrodollar,video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_NNmCXa6rjU&t=2s,en,Richard James,"petrodollar, money",A short documentary about the petrodollar system,,oil.jpg,
1146,2021-08-09,2021-08-10,Bitcoin: The Future of Money? | Bitcoiner Book Club | The Jordan B. Peterson Podcast - S4: E:40,video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iVym9wtopqs,en,"Jordan B. Peterson, Robert Breedlove, John Vallis, Der Gigi, Richard James","money, history, government, energy","This episode was recorded on May 13th 2021. In today’s episode, Dr. Jordan Peterson sits down with four vocal members of the #Bitcoin community for an introduction to the world of #cryptocurrencies. Together, they cover a variety of topics ranging from the intricacies of Bitcoin, other cryptocurrencies and #blockchain security, to philosophical opinions on the utility of money, ideal economics, and mapping value.",,colosseum.jpg,
1147,2021-08-08,2021-08-10,TIPS: Imperfect Inflation Defense,article,https://www.lynalden.com/tips/,en,Lyn Alden,inflation,"I’ve received a lot of questions lately about how Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities or “TIPS” work in this type of environment, so I figured I’d write a quick piece about it.",,money-burning-inflation.jpg,
1148,2021-08-07,2021-08-11,The Problem with Ethereum,article,https://tomerstrolight.medium.com/the-problem-with-ethereum-af9692f4af95?source=rss-aa2000c29284------2,en,Tomer Strolight,"shitcoins, ethereum","People ask me, “Can you explain why you dislike Ethereum and recommend against buying or holding it?” Here is my explanation. Creating a New Community: Its Constitution and the Roles Needed Imagi",,bitcoin-dollar.jpg,
1149,2021-08-01,2021-08-11,Painting a Portrait of Bitcoin,article,https://tomerstrolight.medium.com/painting-a-portrait-of-bitcoin-7d24a751eef9?source=rss-aa2000c29284------2,en,Tomer Strolight,fundamentals,"Part II of The Essence of Bitcoin:Painting a Portrait of Bitcoin In this article, I want to paint a mental picture of Bitcoin in action. This is not easy to do. Bitcoin isn’t a physical entity. No a",,matrix.jpg,
1150,2021-07-30,2021-08-11,What Is the Essence of Bitcoin?,article,https://tomerstrolight.medium.com/what-is-the-essence-of-bitcoin-4b4916e7afe4?source=rss-aa2000c29284------2,en,Tomer Strolight,fundamentals,"Part 1: How Money, Energy and Morality Are RelatedGetting to the Essence of a Matter If you were to ask the question “What is man?” you might get a clever reply like “Mostly water.” Such an answer ",,book.jpg,
1151,2021-07-26,2021-08-11,“Moving Heaven and Earth” — How Bitcoin and Humans Will Actually Save the World,article,https://tomerstrolight.medium.com/moving-heaven-and-earth-how-bitcoin-and-humans-will-actually-save-the-world-5ddda6911431?source=rss-aa2000c29284------2,en,Tomer Strolight,adoption,“Moving Heaven and Earth” — How Bitcoin and Humans Will Actually Save the World I came across an interesting twitter bio for a bitcoiner last week who goes by the handle “Peace of Bitcoin”. It read,,maze.jpg,
1152,2021-07-24,2021-08-11,Tomer Strolight’s Bitcoin Article Collection,collection,https://tomerstrolight.medium.com/tomer-strolights-bitcoin-article-collection-12691cff8a48?source=rss-aa2000c29284------2,en,Tomer Strolight,,This article is here to help you find what you’re looking for from what I’ve authored. I have written several collections of articles about Bitcoin and have decided to organize them here for reade,,master.jpg,
1153,2021-07-24,2021-08-11,Deep Takes on Bitcoin,article,https://tomerstrolight.medium.com/deep-takes-on-bitcoin-e210b861c01b?source=rss-aa2000c29284------2,en,Tomer Strolight,philosophy,"Are you ready to go deeeeeeeep down the rabbit hole? You’ve Come to the Right Place I’ve got lots of stories to write here, but each one takes a lot of time and energy to produce — almost as much a",,freedom.jpg,
1154,2021-07-22,2021-08-11,Why People Wonder if Bitcoin is Alien Technology,article,https://tomerstrolight.medium.com/why-people-wonder-if-bitcoin-is-alien-technology-f9fda5b018b?source=rss-aa2000c29284------2,en,Tomer Strolight,adoption,"Where Did Bitcoin Come From? We don’t know. It mysteriously appeared. It was introduced by a mysterious figure. Nobody knows their true identity. Bitcoin is an invention. Like all inventions, it",,book.jpg,
1155,2021-07-11,2021-08-11,Bitcoin is a Test,article,https://tomerstrolight.medium.com/bitcoin-is-a-test-36e41c182f8b?source=rss-aa2000c29284------2,en,Tomer Strolight,adoption,Photo by tawatchai07 — freepik.comBitcoin Tests You Bitcoin tests your curiosity. Bitcoin tests your intelligence. Bitcoin tests your patience. It tests your character. It tests your honesty. It tes,,lightning2.jpg,
1156,2021-07-09,2021-08-11,Bitcoin’s Fundamental Value is That it is The Most Excellent Money That Exists,article,https://tomerstrolight.medium.com/bitcoins-fundamental-value-is-that-it-is-the-most-excellent-money-that-exists-24be5e1d6b98?source=rss-aa2000c29284------2,en,Tomer Strolight,money,(This article is likely to find its way into debates between bitcoiners and the advocates of gold or central bank currencies who hold that bitcoins fail a test of having ‘fundamental’ value.) Int,,gold.jpg,
1157,2021-07-07,2021-08-11,"If You Love Freedom, the Earth and the Environment, Consider Becoming a Bitcoiner",article,https://tomerstrolight.medium.com/if-you-love-freedom-the-earth-and-the-environment-consider-becoming-a-bitcoiner-cb06dab09d53?source=rss-aa2000c29284------2,en,Tomer Strolight,"freedom, environment","Bitcoin is Easily the Most Misunderstood Phenomenon in the World Today. It’s not easy becoming the most misunderstood thing in the world. To be massively misunderstood, people must first be aware of",,book.jpg,
1158,2021-08-11,2021-08-11,The Bitcoin Revolution in Africa: Explained,video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7lm7IHnKDw,en,Drew,money,Why Bitcoin is taking off in Africa.,,bitcoin1.jpg,
1159,,2021-08-11,META: Bitcoin Documentaries,podcast,https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChRnh6JZ0e7LttVrtCBi6jA,en,Drew,documentaries,Set of films of various topics regarding Bitcoin,,bitcoin2.jpg,
1160,,2021-08-15,Bitcoin for Governments,article,https://bitcoin21.info/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/BTC-Whitepaper-5-1.pdf,en,Max Mittelstaedt,"government, adoption",How to use bitcoin as a government – the Bitcoin blueprint for countries,,bitcoin3.jpg,
1161,2011-05-27,2021-08-19,Bitcoin Is Worse Is Better,article,https://www.gwern.net/Bitcoin-is-Worse-is-Better,en,Gwern,"cryptography, design","2011 essay on how Bitcoin’s long gestation and early opposition indicates it is an example of the ‘Worse is Better’ paradigm in which an ugly complex design with few attractive theoretical properties compared to purer competitors nevertheless successfully takes over a niche, survives, and becomes gradually refined.",,bitcoin4.jpg,
1162,2021-08-12,2021-08-16,The perfect Bitcoin one-pager for Precoiner,article,https://medium.com/@Max_BTC/the-perfect-bitcoin-one-pager-for-precoiner-2bdf2e6e9961?source=rss-269a925b042c------2,en,Max Mittelstaedt,introduction,,,maze.jpg,
1163,2021-08-09,2021-08-16,How to use Bitcoin as a Government — The Bitcoin Blueprint for Countries,article,https://medium.com/@Max_BTC/how-to-use-bitcoin-as-a-government-the-bitcoin-blueprint-for-countries-3a65d18bf6ff?source=rss-269a925b042c------2,en,Max Mittelstaedt,government,,,bitcoin-blue.jpg,
1164,2021-08-05,2021-08-16,The US Dollar is doomed to fail — Bitcoin is your last resort,article,https://medium.com/@Max_BTC/the-us-dollar-is-doomed-to-fail-bitcoin-is-your-last-resort-6e1440d97c84?source=rss-269a925b042c------2,en,Max Mittelstaedt,fiat,,,money-plant.jpg,
1165,2021-07-31,2021-08-16,Is voting with your feets really that simple?,article,https://medium.com/@Max_BTC/is-voting-with-your-feets-really-that-simple-796ec1ab87a3?source=rss-269a925b042c------2,en,Max Mittelstaedt,freedom,,,ngu.jpg,
1166,2021-07-28,2021-08-16,Financial Wisdom of Robert Kiyosaki and Robert Breedlove — Mastering financial education,article,https://medium.com/@Max_BTC/financial-wisdom-of-robert-kiyosaki-and-robert-breedlove-mastering-financial-education-d36b1edd6797?source=rss-269a925b042c------2,en,Max Mittelstaedt,finance,,,freedom.jpg,
1167,2021-07-27,2021-08-16,How Bitcoin can help strengthen a political party — Georgian Dream and Bitcoin,article,https://medium.com/@Max_BTC/how-bitcoin-can-help-strengthen-a-political-party-georgian-dream-and-bitcoin-16a9b1c8805a?source=rss-269a925b042c------2,en,Max Mittelstaedt,politics,,,bitcoin-dollar.jpg,
1168,2021-07-26,2021-08-16,Using Bitcoin for your Business: Why you should consider Bitcoin as an asset and especially as a…,article,https://medium.com/@Max_BTC/using-bitcoin-for-your-business-why-you-should-consider-bitcoin-as-an-asset-and-especially-as-a-2943cf3acb30?source=rss-269a925b042c------2,en,Max Mittelstaedt,adoption,,,money-plant.jpg,
1169,2021-07-25,2021-08-16,Bitcoin for Georgia: How to use BTC as a nation or government - summary in Bitcoin Magazine,article,https://medium.com/@Max_BTC/bitcoin-for-georgia-how-to-use-btc-as-a-nation-or-government-summary-in-bitcoin-magazine-361432c72f6d?source=rss-269a925b042c------2,en,Max Mittelstaedt,government,,,oil.jpg,
1170,2021-07-22,2021-08-16,Bitcoin: The most innovative technology — The multilayer approach of bitcoin,article,https://medium.com/@Max_BTC/bitcoin-the-most-innovative-technology-the-multilayer-approach-of-bitcoin-15269b65c9c3?source=rss-269a925b042c------2,en,Max Mittelstaedt,layers,,,network.jpg,
1171,2021-07-18,2021-08-16,Bitcoin is Nature,article,https://medium.com/@Max_BTC/bitcoin-is-nature-d82ef2c52634?source=rss-269a925b042c------2,en,Max Mittelstaedt,philosophy,,,cryptography.jpg,
1172,,2021-08-21,ECON103: Principles of Austrian Economics I,course,https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=480,en,Saifedean Ammous,"austrian, economics","The Austrian school of economics has for a century and a half maintained a rich tradition and a unique methodological approach to economics, which sets it apart from other traditions. Unlike other economic schools of thought, the Austrian School acknowledges that there are no constants in human action. Accordingly, the methodology used for economic analysis is different to that employed in natural sciences such as physics. Rather than positing hypothetical relationships between statistical aggregates that break down when scrutinized, the Austrian School treats the actions of individual humans as the ultimate causal explanations of economic phenomena, and analyzes them using deductive methods. The Austrian School does not advocate a particular political programme – it was described by Mises as “value-free” – it merely aims to help humans to understand the consequences of action. Although not currently a mainstream school of economic thought, there has been a resurgence of interest in the Austrian School since the 2008 Global Financial Crisis (which many mainstream economists failed to predict) and the invention of bitcoin.",,story.jpg,
1173,,2021-08-21,Bitcoin Learning Center,collection,https://river.com/learn/,en,River Financial,"technical, cryptography",A very complete collection of articles with a bit of everything about Bitcoin,,bitcoin1.jpg,
1174,,2021-08-21,My Rabbit Hole Story,collection,http://myrabbitholestory.com/,en,Gunnar,testimonials,Some stories of people going down the rabbit hole,,bitcoin2.jpg,
1175,,2021-08-21,Tesis Bitcoin,collection,https://www.tesisbitcoin.com/,es,Javier Martín,"newsletter, energy, case",A newsletter (in Spanish) on several aspects of the Bitcoin case,,bitcoin3.jpg,
1176,2020-06-19,2021-08-21,A Brief History of Ransomware,article,https://www.varonis.com/blog/a-brief-history-of-ransomware/,en,Kieran Laffan,"security, ransomware","The first documented and purported example of ransomware was the 1989 AIDS Trojan, also known as PS Cyborg. Harvard-trained evolutionary biologist Joseph L. Popp sent 20,000 infected diskettes labeled “AIDS Information – Introductory Diskettes” to attendees of the World Health Organization’s international AIDS conference. But after 90 reboots, the Trojan hid directories and encrypted the names of the files on the customer’s computer. To regain access, the user would have to send $189 to PC Cyborg Corp. at a post office box in Panama. Dr. Popp was eventually caught but never tried for his scheme as he was declared unfit to stand trial. His attorney said he began wearing a cardboard box on his head to protect himself from radiation.",,privacy2.jpg,
1177,,2021-08-22,Why Bitcoin Podcast,podcast,https://whybitcoinpodcast.com/,en,Jeff,plebs,"If you’re gonna learn about money, it should at least be entertaining. Two average guys talk about finances, cryptocurrencies, and life in this “everyman”-style podcast.",,bitcoin4.jpg,
1178,,2021-08-22,Interés Compuesto,podcast,https://compiled.social/carlosmartinez,es,Carlos Martínez,finance,"Interés compuesto es un podcast que habla sobre ideas, conceptos y habilidades con el objetivo de aportar valor, aprender y mejorar. Desarrollo personal, deporte, salud, finanzas e inversión entre otros.",,trading-charts.jpg,
1179,2022-03-06,2022-05-15,"What is Money, Anyway?",article,https://www.lynalden.com/what-is-money/,en,Lyn Alden,money,"Published: March 2022 Money is a surprisingly complex subject. People spend their lives seeking money, and in some ways it seems so straightforward, and yet what humanity has defined as money has chan",,bitcoin1.jpg,
1180,2022-02-20,2022-05-15,How Debt Jubilees Work,article,https://www.lynalden.com/debt-jubilee/,en,Lyn Alden,debt,"With debts at record levels around the world, there are folks calling for debt jubilees- the cancellations of certain types of debt. After a period of stabilization, the Congressional Budget Office ex",,mine.jpg,
1181,2022-02-06,2022-05-15,Does the National Debt Matter?,article,https://www.lynalden.com/does-the-national-debt-matter/,en,Lyn Alden,debt,Published: February 2022 This article examines the concept of sovereign government debt from an investment perspective and a social perspective. What happens when it gets too high? And how high is too,,colosseum.jpg,
1182,2021-12-24,2022-05-15,The Importance of Price Signals,article,https://www.lynalden.com/price-signals/,en,Lyn Alden,price,"Originally published: December 2021 When price inflation occurs, it can be a very challenging time for everyone. In that type of environment, prices of goods and services often go up faster than wages",,oil.jpg,
1183,2021-12-11,2022-05-15,Why I Use Swan Bitcoin: A Review,article,https://www.lynalden.com/swan-bitcoin/,en,Lyn Alden,swan,"Originally published: December 2021 Back in April 2020, I turned bullish on bitcoin at about $6,900/BTC, and recommended it to my premium subscribers. Since then, I&#8217;ve written a series of public",,dollar.jpg,
1184,2021-11-28,2022-05-15,Proof-of-Stake and Stablecoins: A Blockchain Centralization Dilemma,article,https://www.lynalden.com/proof-of-stake/,en,Lyn Alden,"pos, stablecoins","Originally published: November 2021 I&#8217;ve been asked a number of times for an update for my views on Ethereum since my January 2021 article on the topic, which received over a quarter million rea",,ant-miner.jpg,
1185,2021-11-14,2022-05-15,Does QE Cause Wealth Inequality?,article,https://www.lynalden.com/qe-and-inequality/,en,Lyn Alden,"inflation, inequality",Originally published: November 2021 One of the most polarizing topics today is wealth inequality. I think a better description is to refer to it as wealth concentration. Nobody should expect wealth to,,time.jpg,
1186,2022-05-06,2022-05-15,How to HODL,article,https://www.theheldreport.com/p/how-to-hodl,en,Dan Held,hodl,Origin of HODL The term,,privacy2.jpg,
1187,2022-04-21,2022-05-15,How to set up a Bitcoin full node ,article,https://www.theheldreport.com/p/how-to-set-up-a-bitcoin-full-node,en,Dan Held,node,"[I&#8217;m moving my Q&A to Callin, a platform for live audio sessions. Happening live at 6PM ET Monday next week] [Vote on the next topic here] The Basics This section borrows heavily from Voltage&#8",,money-burning-inflation.jpg,
1188,2022-03-18,2022-05-15,La gran cancelación,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/la-gran-cancelacion,es,Pedro Solimano,debt,"&#8220;La manera inteligente de mantener a personas pasivas y obedientes es limitar estrictamente el espectro de opiniones aceptables, pero permitir un debate muy candente dentro de ese espectro&#8212",,colosseum.jpg,
1189,2022-04-03,2022-05-15,Inalienable Property Rights,article,https://dergigi.com/2022/04/03/inalienable-property-rights/,en,Der Gigi,"property, rights",,,raspi.jpg,
1190,2022-02-19,2022-05-15,The Egg of the Phoenix,article,https://dergigi.com/2022/02/19/the-egg-of-the-phoenix/,en,Der Gigi,bitcoin-fixes-this,"You’ve heard it before: ""Bitcoin fixes this."" It sounds like a joke at first. An off-hand comment uttered by a complete fool, by someone who is at least partly delusional.",,privacy.jpg,
1191,2021-12-30,2022-05-15,The Freedom of Value,article,https://dergigi.com/2021/12/30/the-freedom-of-value/,en,Der Gigi,"value, freedom","The internet has a problem. Few people know that this problem exists,
but hey, that's the nature of serious, non-obvious problems: they are
invisible until they aren't. ",,oil.jpg,
1192,2021-12-08,2022-05-15,Tyranny,article,https://dergigi.com/2021/12/08/tyranny/,en,Der Gigi,tyranny,"Tyranny comes in many forms. Some tyrannies are more obvious than others. Or,
what seems to be the case currently, sometimes tyranny is obvious to some,
ignored by most. I have my suspicion",,bitcoin1.jpg,
1193,2021-11-02,2022-05-15,Magic Internet Money,article,https://dergigi.com/2021/11/02/magic-internet-money/,en,Der Gigi,money,Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke,,oil.jpg,
1194,2021-09-27,2022-05-15,People,article,https://dergigi.com/2021/09/27/people/,en,Der Gigi,people,"People are the most wonderful thing. Full of potential, full of joy, full of
wonder. Whenever I see people, I see dancers, artists, musicians, builders,
gardeners, plumbers, and poets. Unique human",,road.jpg,
1195,2021-09-20,2022-05-15,Dreams,article,https://dergigi.com/2021/09/20/dreams/,en,Der Gigi,dreams,"Dreams are a curious thing. They are vivid and real; until they aren’t. In the “real” world, once you fulfill a dream of yours, the dream becomes reality and thus vanishes.",,bitcoin5.jpg,
1196,2021-09-09,2022-05-15,Moving Towards a Bitcoin Standard,article,https://dergigi.com/2021/09/09/moving-towards-a-bitcoin-standard/,en,Der Gigi,money,"""What a historic day. The first country moved towards a Bitcoin Standard,
albeit partially. A lot can be said about Bukele's decision to make
bitcoin legal tender in El Salvador. Yes, it is a govern""",,bitcoin-blue.jpg,
1197,2022-04-12,2022-05-15,Bitcoin is a Pioneer Species,article,https://brandonquittem.com/bitcoin-is-a-pioneer-species/,en,Brandon Quittem,life,"How does life colonize a desolate environment for the first time? Let’s say a volcano erupts and wipes out all life on an island. Is this island destined for desolation? Fortunately not, thanks to",,money-burning-inflation.jpg,
1198,2022-05-09,2022-05-15,Ubuntu Node Box Guide 2022 Edition,article,https://www.ministryofnodes.com.au/ubuntu-node-box-guide-2022,en,,node,I've just released the Ubuntu Bitcoin Node Box video series of tutorials for 2022!,,fractal.jpg,
1199,2022-03-10,2022-05-15,Considerations when starting your Bitcoin journey,article,https://www.ministryofnodes.com.au/considerations-when-starting-your-bitcoin-journey,en,,,"Whatever your reasons for wanting to learn more about Bitcoin, there are some practical considerations that need to be looked at when sta",,capitol.jpg,
1200,2022-05-21,2022-05-24,Stop Fooling Around in Crypto,article,https://tomerstrolight.medium.com/stop-fooling-around-in-crypto-19c388eb4540?source=rss-aa2000c29284------2,en,Tomer Strolight,shitcoins,,,cryptography.jpg,
1201,2022-05-20,2022-05-24,A Short History of Bitcoin Crashes,article,https://www.theheldreport.com/p/a-short-history-of-bitcoin-crashes,en,Dan Held,history,"Bitcoin has seen dozens of crashes and moments of despair over it's existence.
In this newsletter I cover some of those, the feeling at the time, and reflect
on what that makes us feel now. ",,bitcoin3.jpg,
1202,2022-05-18,2022-05-24,Se acerca Bitcoin pizza day,article,https://lacadena.substack.com/p/se-acerca-bitcoin-pizza-day,es,Pedro Solimano,pizza,La primera transacción comercial,,whirlpool.jpg,
1203,2022-09-22,2022-09-22,Athena Alpha,collection,https://www.athena-alpha.com/,en,Athena Alpha,"newsletter, investment, guides","The Athena Alpha Newsletter helps smart people like you learn how to safely and privately buy, use, invest and grow wealthy with Bitcoin",,bitcoin2.jpg,
1204,2022-09-02,2022-11-21,Athena Alpha,article,https://www.athena-alpha.com/what-is-a-bitcoin/,en,Athena Alpha,bitcoin,"What Is A Bitcoin? It's one of the most amazing inventions in human history! A new digital currency that gives hope to all people, all around the world",,bitcoin1.jpg,
1205,2022-09-09,2022-11-21,Athena Alpha,article,https://www.athena-alpha.com/understanding-bitcoin/,en,Athena Alpha,"journey, bitcoin",The journey of understanding Bitcoin involves a few levels. To help guide you and ensure you don't miss key destinations we outline 3 core levels for you to hit,,bitcoin2.jpg,
1206,2022-09-16,2022-11-21,Athena Alpha,article,https://www.athena-alpha.com/how-does-bitcoin-work-for-dummies/,en,Athena Alpha,"bitcoin, work, dummies","How Does Bitcoin Work For Dummies is a super simple guide that's not only technically precise, but explained simply so you're not left scratching your head",,bitcoin3.jpg,
1207,2022-09-23,2022-11-21,Athena Alpha,article,https://www.athena-alpha.com/when-did-bitcoins-start/,en,Athena Alpha,"start, bitcoin, creation","When Did Bitcoins Start? 3-Jan-2009. Bitcoin is the biggest cryptocurrency and was created to provide open, private cash like transactions online",,bitcoin4.jpg,
1208,2022-09-30,2022-11-21,Athena Alpha,article,https://www.athena-alpha.com/why-was-bitcoin-created/,en,Athena Alpha,"reason, bitcoin",Why Was Bitcoin Created? To make sure we never again have to put our trust or our money in banks of any type,,bitcoin5.jpg,