{
 "metadata": {
  "name": "9932_05_04"
 },
 "nbformat": 3,
 "nbformat_minor": 0,
 "worksheets": [
  {
   "cells": [
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Chapter 5, example 4\n",
      "====================\n",
      "\n",
      "In this example, we show how to accelerate a pure Python algorithm with Cython, just by giving some type information about the local variables."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "We will implement the Eratosthenes Sieve algorithm to find all prime numbers smaller than a given number. The first version is coded in pure Python."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "def primes1(n):\n",
      "    primes = [False, False] + [True] * (n - 2)\n",
      "    i = 2\n",
      "    while i < n:\n",
      "        # we do not deal with composite numbers\n",
      "        if not primes[i]:\n",
      "            i += 1\n",
      "            continue\n",
      "        k = i * i\n",
      "        # mark multiples of i as composite numbers\n",
      "        while k < n:\n",
      "            primes[k] = False\n",
      "            k += i\n",
      "        i += 1\n",
      "    return [i for i in xrange(2, n) if primes[i]]"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 1
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Let's evaluate the performance of this first version."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "n = 10000"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 2
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "primes1(20)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 3,
       "text": [
        "[2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19]"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 3
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%timeit primes1(n)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "100 loops, best of 3: 10.8 ms per loop\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 4
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Now, we load the Cython magic extension to write Cython code right in the notebook."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%load_ext cythonmagic"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 5
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "All we do is to add `%%cython` in the first line of the cell."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%%cython\n",
      "def primes2(n):\n",
      "    primes = [False, False] + [True] * (n - 2)\n",
      "    i = 2\n",
      "    while i < n:\n",
      "        if not primes[i]:\n",
      "            i += 1\n",
      "            continue\n",
      "        k = i * i\n",
      "        while k < n:\n",
      "            primes[k] = False\n",
      "            k += i\n",
      "        i += 1\n",
      "    return [i for i in xrange(2, n) if primes[i]]"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 6
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "primes2(20)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 7,
       "text": [
        "[2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19]"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 7
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "The speed up improvement is modest."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "timeit primes2(n)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "100 loops, best of 3: 6.97 ms per loop\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 8
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Now, we will precise the type of each local variable so that Cython can considerably optimize the code."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%%cython\n",
      "def primes3(int n):\n",
      "    primes = [False, False] + [True] * (n - 2)\n",
      "    cdef int i = 2\n",
      "    cdef int k = 0\n",
      "    while i < n:\n",
      "        if not primes[i]:\n",
      "            i += 1\n",
      "            continue\n",
      "        k = i * i\n",
      "        while k < n:\n",
      "            primes[k] = False\n",
      "            k += i\n",
      "        i += 1\n",
      "    return [i for i in xrange(2, n) if primes[i]]"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 9
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "timeit primes3(n)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "1000 loops, best of 3: 1.36 ms per loop\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 10
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "We achieve a 8x speed improvement just by specifying the variable types."
     ]
    }
   ],
   "metadata": {}
  }
 ]
}