{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# String Operators"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## + operator"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello Alice! \n",
      "Hello Alice! Good morning!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = \"Hello \"\n",
    "b = \"Alice! \"\n",
    "\n",
    "print(a + b)\n",
    "\n",
    "c = \"Good morning!\"\n",
    "\n",
    "print(a+b+c)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# * operator"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "echoechoechoechoecho\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = \"echo\"\n",
    "\n",
    "print(a * 5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## in operator"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "True\n",
      "False\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = \"programming in python\"\n",
    "b = \"python\"\n",
    "c = \"code\"\n",
    "\n",
    "print(b in a)\n",
    "print(c in a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Indexing in strings"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "e\n",
      "c\n",
      "com\n",
      "example\n",
      "com\n",
      "example.com\n",
      "eapecm\n",
      "emeo\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = \"example.com\"\n",
    "\n",
    "print(s[0])\n",
    "\n",
    "print(s[8])\n",
    "\n",
    "print(s[8:11])\n",
    "\n",
    "print(s[:7])\n",
    "\n",
    "print(s[8:])\n",
    "\n",
    "print(s[:])\n",
    "\n",
    "print(s[0:11:2])\n",
    "\n",
    "print(s[0:11:3])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# String functions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Capitalize a string or make the first letter in capital**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Example.com\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(s.capitalize())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Returns the total number of characters in a string**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "11\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(len(s))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Counts the number of times a substring occurs in a string**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(s.count(\"e\"))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Returns the index of the first substring that occurs in a string**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(s.index(\"m\"))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Returns True if a string is a mix of alphabets and numbers**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "True\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"code001\".isalnum())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Concatenates an array of string separated by the dilimeter by which the join method is called on.**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Alice, Bob\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "names = [\"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\", \".join(names))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Splits a string by dilimeter or substring and returns the splitted substrings in an array**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['example', 'com']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(s.split(\".\"))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Remove leading and trailing spaces**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "->|  Alice  |<-\n",
      "->| Alice |<-\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "name = \" Alice \" # <- String with leading and trailing spaces\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"->|\",name, \"|<-\") \n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"->|\",name.strip(), \"|<-\") # Removed leading and trailing spaces"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Coverts the string into uppercase**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "EXAMPLE.COM\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(s.upper())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**zfill is used to pad a numeric digit with 0s to the left.**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0001\n",
      "0011\n",
      "0111\n",
      "1111\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"1\".zfill(4))\n",
    "print(\"11\".zfill(4))\n",
    "print(\"111\".zfill(4))\n",
    "print(\"1111\".zfill(4))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Some frequently used string built-in functions**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "s\n",
      "115\n",
      "11\n",
      "['Alice', 'Bob']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(chr(115)) # Returns a character equivalent of a number\n",
    "\n",
    "print(ord(\"s\")) # Returns an integer equivalent of a character\n",
    "\n",
    "print(len(s)) # Returns length of a string\n",
    "\n",
    "print(str(names)) # Returns string equivalent of an object"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# String formatting"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Example 1:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Welcome Alice! Have a great day!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "name = \"Alice\"\n",
    "\n",
    "welcomeText = f\"Welcome {name}! Have a great day!\"\n",
    "\n",
    "print(welcomeText)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Example 2:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello Bob, your bill amount for the September month is 35.66 \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "payeeName = \"Bob\"\n",
    "billMonth = \"September\"\n",
    "amount = 35.657448\n",
    "\n",
    "text = f\"Hello {payeeName}, your bill amount for the {billMonth} month is {amount:.2f} \"\n",
    "print(text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Example 3 : Any complicated Python compatible expressions can be evaluated as well with interpolation."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello Bob, \n",
      "Good Morning! \n",
      "Your total bill for the September month is 37.44 [Amount - 35.66, tax - 1.78]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "currentHour = 10\n",
    "\n",
    "greetText = f\"Good {'Morning' if currentHour < 12 else 'Afternoon' if currentHour >= 12 and currentHour < 16 else 'Evening'}!\"\n",
    "\n",
    "text = f\"Hello {payeeName}, \\n{greetText} \\nYour total bill for the {billMonth} month is {amount*1.05 :.2f} [Amount - {amount:.2f}, tax - {amount*0.05:.2f}]\"\n",
    "\n",
    "print(text)"
   ]
  }
 ],
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