# Supplementary information

## Appendix S1: Framework (Population, Concept, Context)

Source: psyp70385-sup-0001-AppendixS1.docx (Wiley Supporting Information for doi:10.1111/psyp.70385), converted to Markdown; table cells that held several lines are joined with '; '.

| Framework category | Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Conscious and awake, healthy adult (18+ yrs) human non-musicians | Animals; machine-learning models; clinical populations; children or adolescents; trained musicians. |
| Concept | Simultaneous EEG and ECG (or similar cardiac) recording during passive music listening, with both signals processed from the same session. ECG may serve as an internal timing marker for cardiac-locked EEG rather than as a cardiac outcome measure. | Studies that do not record EEG and ECG/cardiac activity simultaneously, or that record or process only one modality. |
| Context | Physiological responses to passive music listening are required; psychological, emotional, or cognitive outcomes may also be reported. | Any additional pre- or concurrent manipulation intended to alter the listener’s state or context beyond the music itself (e.g., stress or mood induction, pharmacological challenge, exercise, neurostimulation, visual or multisensory materials, guided imagery, meditation, live performance, or singing), or studies where the focus is not specifically on the music-listening experience. |
| Types of evidence/source | Peer reviewed published studies in English | Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, scoping reviews, narrative reviews, book chapters, conference and symposium abstracts, dissertation theses, pre-prints, protocols, and methodological-only studies. |



## Appendix S2: Search Details

Source: psyp70385-sup-0002-AppendixS2.docx (Wiley Supporting Information for doi:10.1111/psyp.70385), converted to Markdown; table cells that held several lines are joined with '; '.

| Source | Search terms |
|---|---|
| PsycInfo (including PsycArticles) | Any Field: eeg OR Any Field: electroenceph* OR Any Field: ERP OR Any Field: "evoked potential" OR Any Field: "neural oscillation" AND Any Field: ECG OR Any Field: cardi* OR Any Field: heart* AND Any Field: "music listening" OR Any Field: music* OR Any Field: listen* AND Population Group: Human AND Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal AND Peer-Reviewed Journals only |
| PubMed | All Fields ((((((((((EEG ) OR (electroencephalography)) OR (ERP)) OR ("evoked potential")) OR ("neural oscillation")) AND (ECG)) OR (cardiography)) OR (heart)) AND ("music listening")) AND (music)) AND (listen) Filters applied: Humans, English, Exclude preprints |
| Scopus | ( TITLE-ABS-KEY ( eeg OR electroenceph* OR erp OR "evoked potential" OR "neural oscillation" ) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ecg OR cardi* OR heart* ) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "music listening" OR music* OR listen* ) ) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( DOCTYPE , "ar" ) ) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( LANGUAGE , "English" ) ) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( EXACTKEYWORD , "Human" ) ) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( SRCTYPE , "j" ) ) |
| Web of Science (core collection) | ((ALL=(eeg OR electroencephalography  OR ERP OR "evoked potential" OR "neural oscillation" )) AND ALL=(ECG OR cardiac OR heart)) AND ALL=("music listening" OR music OR listen); English, Article |
| Academic Search Complete (EBSCOhost) | TX All Text, EEG AND ECG AND “music listening”, Boolean Phrase, Expanders: XApply related words, XAlso search within the full text of the articles, Limiters: XFull Text, XPeer Reviewed, XPublication, Type Academic Journal, XDocument Type: Article, XLanguage: English |
| Snowballing/Citation searching | Papers by Authors: Mollakazemi, Nanba |



## Appendix S3: Data Items

Source: psyp70385-sup-0003-AppendixS3.docx (Wiley Supporting Information for doi:10.1111/psyp.70385), converted to Markdown; table cells that held several lines are joined with '; '.

| Publication information | Author/Year; Region (in which the study was conducted); North America; Western Europe (including countries like the UK, Germany, France); Eastern Europe (including Russia, Poland, etc.); East Asia (China, Japan, South Korea); South Asia (India, Pakistan); Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia); Latin America; Oceania; Africa; Aim of Study; Findings |
|---|---|
| Population |  |
| Participants | Audiology; Musicianship; Handedness; Eligibility Criteria; Sample Size; Final Number Processed; Sex; Age |
| Concept |  |
| Measures | EEG Measures; Variables; Electrode Configuration; Electrode Type; Impedance; Referencing; Filtering; Hardware; Sampling Frequency; ECG Measures; Variables; Electrode Configuration; Recording Equipment; Filtering; Sampling Rate; Blood Pressure/Respiration |
| Context |  |
| Experimental conditions | Stimulus; Duration; Musical Component Examined; Style; Source; Delivery Method; Intensity; Selection; Familiarity; Attention to Stimulus |
|  | Study design; Hypothesis; Room Details; Time of Day; Orientation; Visual State; Control/Baseline; Power Analysis; Ethics/Informed Consent |