This is a cognitive ontology to organize English verbs
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC By 4.0)
cevo ontology
September 2018
Saeedeh Shekarpour
CEVO (i.e., a comprehensive event ontology) is an ontology for enhancing your cognitive annotations of your data. It was built upon Levin's conceptual hierarchy of English verbs. This conceptual hierarchy categorizes verbs with the shared meaning or behavior. CEVO defines a hierarchy of events. Each event has a couple of associated verbs which manifest that event.
CEVO: Comprehensive EVent Ontology Enhancing Cognitive Annotation of Structured as well as Unstructured Data
accompany
admire
advise
amalgamate
amuse
appeal
appear
appearance
appearance disappearance and occurrence
appoint
aspectual
assessment
assuming a position
avoid
begin
being dressed
bend
berry
bill
bodily processes
bodily state and damage to the body
body-internal motion
body-internal states of existence
braid
break
breathe
build
bulge
butter
calibratable changes of state
calve
captain
caring for a specific body part
caring for the whole body
carry
carve
change of bodily state
change of possession
change of state
characterize
chase
cheat
chew
chitchat
clear
cling
coil
coloring
combining and attaching
communication
complain
complete
concealment
conjecture
contact by impact
contiguous location
contribute
cooking
correspond
cost
crane
create
creation and transformation
curtsey
cut
cutting
debone
declare
desire
destroy
devour
differ
dine
disappearance
disassemble
dress
dressing
dressing well
drive
dub
eat
emission
engender
entity-specific change of state
entity-specific modes of being
equip
exchange
exhale
exist
existence
feeding
ferret
fill
fit
flinch
floss
fulfilling
funnel
future having
get
give
gobble
gorge
groom
grooming and bodily care
group existence
grow
herd
hiccup
hit
hold
hold and keep
hunt
hurt
illustrate
image creation
image impression
ingesting
inherently directed motion
instrument
instrument of communication
investigate
involving the body
judgment
keep
killing
knead
learn
leave
light emission
lingering
lingering and rushing
lodge
long
manner
manner of motion
manner of speaking
marry
marvel
masquerade
meander
measure
meet
mine
mix
modes of being involving motion
motion
motion using a vehicle
murder
non-agentive
nonverbal expression
obtain
obtaining
occurrence
orphan
other alternating verbs of change of state
pain
peer
pelt
perception
performance
pit
pocket
poison
poke
pour
predicative complements
preparing
price
providing
psychological state
put
putting
putting in a spatial configuration
putting with a specified direction
reflexive verbs of appearance
register
remove
removing
roll
rummage
run
rushing
say
scribble
search
searching
see
send
separate
separating and disassembling
shake
sight
simple verbs of dressing
slide
smell emission
snooze
social interaction
sound emission
sound existence
sounds made by animals
spank
spatial configuration
split
stalk
steal
stimulus subject perception
substance emission
suffocate
swarm
swat
talk
tape
tell
that are not vehicle names
that are vehicle names
throw
throwing
tingle
transcribe
transfer of a message
turn
waltz
want
weather
weekend
wink
wipe
bring and take
gestures/signs involving body parts
spray,load
contact: touch
exerting force: push,pull
sending and carrying
DCMI Metadata Terms - other
The set of classes specified by the DCMI Type Vocabulary, used to categorize the nature or genre of the resource.
DCMI Type Vocabulary
The set of conceptual resources specified by the Dewey Decimal Classification.
DDC
The set of media types specified by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority.
IMT
The set of conceptual resources specified by the Library of Congress Classification.
LCC
The set of labeled concepts specified by the Library of Congress Subject Headings.
LCSH
The set of labeled concepts specified by the Medical Subject Headings.
MeSH
The set of conceptual resources specified by the National Library of Medicine Classification.
NLM
The set of places specified by the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
TGN
The set of conceptual resources specified by the Universal Decimal Classification.
UDC
december
FedEx
french fry
UPS
abate
abduct
abhor
abound
absolve
abstract
abuse
abut
accept
acclaim
accumulate
ache
acknowledge
acquire
acquit
act
add
address
adhere
adjoin
adjudge
adjudicate
administer
admit
admonish
adopt
adore
adorn
advance
advertise
affect
affiliate
afflict
affront
age
aggravate
aggregate
agitate
agonize
agree
air
airmail
alarm
alert
alienate
allocate
allot
allow
alter
alternate
amass
amaze
amble
analyze
anchor
anger
anguish
annihilate
announce
annoy
anoint
antagonize
antique
appall
appease
append
applaud
applique
appraise
appreciate
apprentice
appropriate
arch back neck
archive
argue
arise
arm
arouse
arrange
arrive
articulate
ascend
ask
asphalt
asphyxiate
assassinate
assemble
assert
assess
assign
associate
assuage
assume
astonish
astound
atrophy
attach
attire
audit
autograph
avow
awake
awaken
award
awe
baa
babble
backbite
backpack
baffle
bag
bail
bait
bake
bake cake
balance
balk
balloon
band
bandage
bang
banish
bank
banquet
banter
baptize
barbecue
bare teeth
bargain
barge
bark
bark shin
barter
bash
bask
baste
bat
bat eyelashes
bathe
batter
battle
bawl
bay
beach
beam
beard
beat
beat feet
bed
beep
beget
beguile
behave
belch
believe
bellow
belt
bench
bequeath
bereave
berth
bestrew
bet
beware
bewilder
bewitch
bicker
bicycle
bike
bilk
billet
billow
bin
bind
birch
birdnest
bite
bite lip
bivouac
blab
blackberry
blanch
blanket
blare
blast
blat
blaze
bleat
bleed
blend
blend drink
bless
blindfold
blink
blink eye
blister
blitz
block
bloom
blossom
blot
blow
blow bubbles glass
blow nose
bludgeon
blur
blurt
blush
board
boast
boat
bob
bob hair
bobsled
boggle
boil
boil egg tea
bolt
bombard
bond
bone
bonk
boogie
book
boom
bop
border
bore
borrow
boss
bother
bottle
bottlefeed
bounce
bound
bow
bowl
box
boycott
bracket
brag
braid hair
brain
braise
brand
brawl
bray
bread
break of a habit
breakfast
breastfeed
brew coffee
brick
bridge
bridle
bring
bristle
broil
bronze
brown
bruise
brunch
brush
brush hair
brush teeth
bubble
buck
buckle
buff
buffet
bug
bully
bump
bundle
bunt
burble
burden
burgle
burl
burn
burp
burr
burrow
burst
bus
bustle
butcher
butler
butt
button
buttonhole
buy
buzz
cab
cable
cackle
caddy
cadge
cage
call
calm
calumniate
camouflage
camp
can
cancan
cane
canoe
canonize
canter
canvass
cap
capsize
captivate
capture
caravan
care
caress
carol
carom
carpet
cart
cascade
case
cash
cast
castigate
catapult
catch
catnap
caulk
cause
caution
cavort
caw
cease
cede
celebrate
cellar
cement
censure
certify
chagrin
chain
chalk
champion
change
channel
chant
chant prayer
chaperone
char
charbroil
charcoal
charcoal-broil
charge
charge with a task
chariot
charm
charter
chasten
chastise
chat
chatter
chauffeur
check
check on
cheep
cheer
cherish
chide
chill
chime
chink
chip
chip potatoes
chip tooth
chir
chirp
chirrup
chisel
chitter
choke
chomp
choose
chop
choreograph dance
chortle
christen
chrome
chuck
chuckle
chug
churn
cite
clack
clad
claim
clam
clamber
clamp
clang
clank
clap
clap hands
clash
clasp
class
classify
clatter
claw
clean
cleanse
clear path
cleave
clench fists
clerk
click
click heels tongue
climb
clink
clip
clip nails
cloak
clobber
clog
cloister
clomp
close
close eyes
club
cluck
clump
cluster
clutch
clutter
coach
coalesce
coast
coat
cock head
coddle
coexist
coin
coincide
coldcream face
collaborate
collapse
collate
collect
collide
color
comb
combat
combine
come
comfort
commence
commend
commingle
commiserate
communicate
compare
compensate
compete
compile
compliment
compose
compress
compute
con
concatenate
conceal
concede
concern
concoct
concur
condemn
condense
condition hair
conduct
confabulate
confederate
confer
confess
confide
confirm
confiscate
conflict
confound
confuse
conga
congratulate
congregate
conjoin
conk
connect
consecrate
consider
console
consolidate
consort
construct
consult
consume
contain
contaminate
content
continue
contract
contrast
convene
converse
convert
convey
convince
convulse
coo
cook
cook meal
coop
cooperate
cop
copy
core
cork
corral
correlate
corrode
cosh
cough
counsel
count
court
cover
covet
cow
cower
cox
crab
crack
crackle
cram
crane neck
crash
crate
crave
crawl
crayon
creak
cream
crease
credit
creep
crepitate
crew
crimp hair
cringe
crinkle
cripple
crisp
criss-cross
criticize
croak
crochet
crook finger
croon
crop
crop hair
cross
cross arms eyes legs
crouch
crow
crowd
crown
crucify
cruise
crumble
crumple
crunch
crush
cry
cub
cube
cuckoo
cuddle
cudgel
cuff
cull
cultivate
cure
curl
curl hair
curry
curtain
cut hair
cycle
dab
dally
dam
dance
dance waltz
dangle
dapple
dart
dash
date
daub
daunt
dawdle
dawn
daze
dazzle
deaccent
debark
debate
debowel
debug
debur
decay
decimate
deck
declaw
decline
decompose
decorate
decouple
decrease
decree
decry
deem
deep-fry
defang
defat
defeather
define
deflate
deflea
deflesh
defoam
defog
deforest
deframe
defraud
defrost
defuzz
degas
degerm
deglaze
degrade
degrease
degrit
degum
degut
dehair
dehead
dehorn
dehull
dehusk
deice
deink
deject
delay
delete
delight
delint
delouse
deluge
deluster
delve
demast
demolish
demonstrate
demoralize
denigrate
denounce
dent
denude
deny
depart
depend
deplete
deplore
depopulate
deport
deprecate
depreciate
depress
deprive
derat
derib
deride
derind
derive
desalt
descale
descend
describe
descry
desert
desex
design
designate
despair
despise
despoil
desprout
destarch
destress
detach
detassel
detect
deteriorate
detest
detusk
devastate
devein
develop
dewater
dewax
deworm
diagnose
diaper
dice
dicker
dictate
die
differentiate
dig
diminish
din
ding
dip
direct movie play
dirty
disabuse
disagree
disappear
disappoint
disapprove
disarm
disburse
discern
discharge
discombobulate
discomfit
discompose
disconcert
disconnect
discontinue
discourage
discover
disdain
disencumber
disengage
disentangle
disgorge
disgrace
disgruntle
disguise
disgust
dishearten
disillusion
dislike
dislodge
dismay
dismiss
disparage
dispatch
dispirit
displease
dispossess
dispute
disquiet
disrobe
dissatisfy
dissent
dissociate
dissolve
distemper
distend
distill
distinguish
distract
distress
distribute
distrust
disturb
dither
dive
divest
divide
divorce
dock
doctor
dodder
dodge
doff
dogsled
doll
dominate
don
donate
dong
doodle
dot
double
douse
doze
drag
drain
drape
draw
draw picture
drawl
dread
dredge
drench
dribble
drift
drill
drink
drip
drizzle
drone
drool
drop
drown
drowse
drug
drum
drum finger
drydock
duck
duel
dumbfound
dump
dust
dwell
dye
dye hair
e-mail
earn
ease
eat only
echo
eddy
edge
effervesce
eject
elate
elect
electrify
electrocute
eliminate
elope
elude
emanate
emancipate
embarrass
embellish
embezzle
emblazon
embolden
emboss
embrace
embroider
emcee
emerge
employ
empty
enamel
enchant
encircle
enclose
encourage
encrust
end
endorse
endow
endure
engage
engrave
engross
enjoy
enlarge
enlighten
enlist
enliven
enrage
enrapture
enrich
enroll
ensue
entangle
enter
entertain
enthrall
enthuse
entice
entrance
entrust
entwine
envisage
envy
epoxy
eradicate
erase
erode
erupt
escape
escort
espy
establish
esteem
estimate
etch
eulogize
evacuate
evade
evaluate
eventuate
evict
evolve
exact
exalt
examine
exasperate
excavate
excise
excite
excommunicate
excuse
execrate
execute
exercise
exhaust
exhilarate
exit
exonerate
exorcise
expand
expel
expire
explain
explicate
explode
explore
express
expunge
exspunge
extend
exterminate
extirpate
extol
extort
extract
extradite
extrude
exude
exult
eye
eyes smart
fabricate
face
faint
fall
fancy
fascinate
fashion
fasten
fault
favor
fawn
fax
faze
fear
feast
feather
feed
feel
felicitate
fence
ferment
ferry
fester
festoon
fetch
fetter
feud
fidget
fight
figure
filch
file
file nails
fillet
film
filter
find
fine
finish
fire projectile
fish
fix
fix meal
fizz
fizzle
flabbergast
flame
flank
flap
flap wings
flare
flash
flash teeth
flatter
fleck
flee
fleece
flex muscles
flick
flick finger
flicker
fling
flip
flirt
flit
float
flock
flog
flood
floor
flop
floss teeth
flour
flourish
flow
flower
fluctuate
flush
fluster
flutter
flutter eyelashes
fly
foal
foam
fog
fold
fold arms
follow
forage
forcefeed
forest
forfeit
forge
forge metal
forge signature
forgive
fork
form
forward
fowl
foxtrot
fracture
frame
free
freeze
fret
frighten
frisk
frolic
froth
frown
frustrate
fry
fry egg
fuel
fumble
fume
furnish
fuse
gab
gabble
gag
gain
gall
gallop
galvanize
gambol
gape
garage
garb
garland
garnish
garrotte
gash
gasp
gather
gawk
gaze
generate
genuflect
germinate
gibber
giggle
gill
gladden
glance
glare
glaze
gleam
glean
glide
glimmer
glimpse
glint
glisten
glitter
gloat
glom
glory
glove
glow
glower
glue
gnash teeth
gnaw
goggle
gondola
goosestep
gossip
gouge
grab
graffiti
graft
grant
grasp
grate
gratify
gravel
graze
grease
greet
grieve
grill
grimace
grin
grind
grind teeth
grip
gripe
groan
groove
grope
grouch
ground
group
grouse
growl
grumble
grunt
guarantee
guard
guess
guffaw
guide
gull
gulp
gum
gurgle
gush
gust
gut
guzzle
gyrate
hack
haggle
hail
halt
halter
hammer
hand
handcuff
handfeed
handle
hang
hang head
hangar
hanker
happen
harass
hardboil
hardboil egg
harmonize
harness
hasten
hatch
hate
haul
haunt
hay
head
head heart pound
head reel
head spin
head split
head swim
heap
hear
heat
heave
hee-haw
heel
heft
helicopter
henna hair
herald
hesitate
hew
hide
hike
hinge
hire
hiss
hit ball
hitch
hoard
hobble
hobnob
hoist
holiday
holler
honeymoon
honk
honor
hook
hoot
hoover
hop
hope
hose
host
house
hover
howl
huddle
hug
hull
hum
hum tune
hunch shoulders
hunger
hurl
hurry
hurtle
husk
identify
idolize
illuminate
imagine
imbibe
imbue
immerse
immolate
impeach
impound
impregnate
imprint
incandesce
inch
incise
incorporate
increase
induct
infect
ingest
inhale
inherit
initial
initiate
inject
injure
ink
inlay
inscribe
inspect
inspire
install
instruct
insult
integrate
intend
interchange
interconnect
interest
interlace
interlard
interleave
interlink
interlock
intermingle
interrelate
intersect
intersperse
intertwine
interweave
intimidate
intone prayer
intoxicate
intrigue
introduce
intrude
inundate
invent
invest
invigorate
irk
iron
irritate
isolate
issue
itch
jab
jabber
jail
jam
jangle
japan
jar
jeep
jeer
jerk
jest
jet
jig
jiggle
jingle
jitterbug
jive
jog
joggle
join
joke
jollify
jolt
journey
joust
judge
jug
jumble
jump
jut
kayak
kennel
kick
kick ball
kidnap
kill
kiss
kitten
kneel
knell
knife
knight
knit
knit eyebrows
knock
knot
know
kvetch
label
lace
lacquer
ladle
lamb
lambaste
lament
lampoon
land
languish
lapse
lard
lash
lasso
last
latch
lather hair body
laud
laugh
lay
leach
lead
leaf
leak
lean
leap
lease
leash
leaven
leer
lend
letter
liberate
lick
lie
lift
light fire
lightning
like
lilt
limp
line
linger
link
lint
lips pucker
lipstick
liquidate
lisp
listen
listen to
litter
live
load
loan
loathe
lob
lock
loft
log
loiter
loll
lollop
look
loom
loop
lop
lope
lounge
louse
love
low
lower
lug
lull
lumber
lump
lunch
luncheon
lurch
lurk
lust
luxuriate
madden
mail
maintain
make
malign
manacle
mangle
manicure nails
manifest
mantle
manufacture
march
mark
martyr
mash
mask
mass
massacre
mate
materialize
matter
mature
mean
melt
memorize
mention
meow
merge
mesmerize
metamorphose
mew
microfilm
microwave
miff
milk
mince
mind
mingle
mint
miss
mist
mix drink
mizzle
moan
mock
model
modem
mold
molder
mollify
molt
monogram
moo
moon
moor
mop
mope
moped
mortify
mosey
mother
motor
motorbike
motorcycle
mottle
mound
mount
mourn
mouth burn
move
mow
muddle
mulch
mulct
mumble
munch
murmur
mushroom
mutter
muzzle
mystify
nab
nail
name
nap
narrate
nauseate
neck
need
negotiate
neigh
nest
nestle
netmail
nettle
network
nibble
nick
nick chin leg
nickel
nickname
niggle
nip
nod head
nominate
nose
nosh
notch
note
notice
nudge
numb
nurse
nut
nuzzle
oar
object
obliterate
observe
obsess
occur
offend
offer
officiate
ogle
oil
oink
omit
ooze
open
open eyes
oppose
ordain
order
organize
ornament
oscillate
ostracize
oust
outlaw
outrage
oven-fry
oven-poach
overawe
overcharge
overcook
overhang
overhear
overnight
overspread
overwhelm
owe
oyster
pacify
pack
package
pad
paddle
paddywhack
padlock
page
paint
paint picture
pair
pan-broil
pan-fry
panel
pant
paper
parachute
parade
parboil
parch
pardon
parquet
part
part hair
partition
partner
pass
paste
pasture
pat
patch
patrol
patter
pauper
pave
paw
pay
peal
pearl
peck
peck kiss
pedal
peddle
peek
peel
peep
peeve
peg
pell
pen
penalize
pencil
pepper
perambulate
perceive
perch
percolate
perforate
perform play
perfume
perish
perk
perm hair
perplex
persecute
persist
perspire
perturb
pet
phone
phone doctor
photocopy
photograph
pick
pick fruit flower
picnic
pierce
pile
pilfer
pillory
pilot
pin
pinch
pine
ping
pinion
pink
pioneer
pip
pipe
pique
pirate
pirouette
pitch
pith
pity
placate
place
plagiarize
plague
plait hair
plank
plant
plaster
plate
play
play music game
please
plink
plod
plonk
plop
plot
plow
pluck
pluck eyebrows
pluck flower
plug
plumb
plummet
plunder
plunge
plunk
ply
poach
poach egg
pod
point finger
police
polish
polka
poll
pollute
pomade
pool
pop
pop up
port
portray
pose
position
post
poster
postmark
pot
pot-roast
pound
pour drink
pout
powder
powder face nose
praise
prance
prawn
pray
preach
precede
precipitate
predominate
preen
preoccupy
prepare meal
present
press
presume
prevail
prick
prick finger
prickle
primp
print
prize
probe
proceed
proclaim
procure
prod
produce
produce movie
profess
proffer
project
promenade
promise
pronounce
propagate
propose
prosecute
prospect
prosper
protrude
prove
provide
provoke
prowl
prune
pry
pucker lips
puff
puke
pull
pull a beer
pull muscle
pulp
pulsate
pulverize
pummel
pump
punch paper
punch person
punish
punt
pup
purchase
purge
purify
purloin
purr
purse lips
pursue
push
putter
putty
puzzle
quack
quaff
quake
qualify
quarantine
quarrel
quarry
quibble
quickstep
quit
quiver
quiz
quote
rabbit
race
radiate
radio
raft
rage
raid
rain
raise
raise eyebrows hand
rake
ram
ramble
rank
rankle
ransack
rap
rasp
rate
rattle
ravage
rave
raze
reach
react
read
reap
reassure
rebuke
recall
recede
receive
recite
recite poem
reckon
reclaim
recline
recognize
recoil
recollect
recommend
recompense
record
recount
recover
recreate
recruit
recur
redeem
reek
refer
referee
refresh
refund
regain
regale
regard
regret
reimburse
reinstate
reiterate
reject
rejoice
relate
relax
relay
relieve
relinquish
relish
remain
remark
remember
remit
remunerate
render
rendezvous
rent
repay
repeat
repel
replenish
repopulate
report
repossess
represent
reprimand
reproach
reprove
repudiate
repulse
repute
rescue
resent
reserve
reside
resonate
resound
respect
rest
restore
result
resume
retrieve
return
reveal
revel
reverberate
revere
review
revile
revitalize
revolt
revolve
reward
rhapsodize
rhyme
rickshaw
rid
riddle
ride
ridicule
riffle
rifle
rile
rim
rind
ring
rinse
rinse hair mouth
rip
ripple
rise
rissole
rivet
roam
roar
roast
roast chicken
rob
robe
rock
rocket
roil
roll eyes
romp
roof
roost
root
rope
rosin
rot
rotate
rouge
rouge cheeks face
rove
row
rub
rub hands
rue
ruffle
ruin
rule
rumba
rumble
rumple
run bath
rupture
rush
rust
rustle
rut
sacrifice
sadden
saddle
sag
sail
salaam
salivate
salt
salute
salve
samba
sand
sandpaper
sap
sashay
satellite
satisfy
saturate
saunter
saute
save
savor
saw
scald
scale
scallop
scalp
scamper
scan
scandalize
scare
scatter
scavenge
scent
schlep
schmooze
scintillate
scold
scoop
scoot
scorn
scour
scout
scowl
scrabble
scram
scramble
scramble egg
scrape
scratch
scratch chin
scrawk
scrawl
scream
screech
screen
screw
scrounge
scrub
scrutinize
scud
scuffle
sculpt
scurry
scutter
scuttle
seal
season
seat
seclude
secure
seed
seek
seep
seethe
segregate
seize
select
sell
semaphore
sense
sequester
sequin
serve
set
set hair
set table
settle
sever
sew
shackle
shadow
shake head fist hands
shamble
shame
shampoo hair
shape
shatter
shave
shave beard legs
shawl
shear
sheathe
shed
shell
shellac
shelter
shelve
shepherd
shift
shimmer
shine
shingle
ship
shirr
shiver
shock
shoe
shoo
shoot
shoot game
shoot gun
shoot projectile
shop
shoulder
shout
shove
shovel
show
show teeth
show up
shower
shred
shriek
shrill
shrimp
shrink
shroud
shrug shoulders
shuck
shudder
shuffle
shuffle feet
shun
shunt
shutter
shuttle
sicken
sidestep
sidle
sift
sigh
sign
signal
silkscreen
silver
simmer
simper
sing
sing song
sip
siphon
sit
situate
sizzle
skate
skateboard
skedaddle
sketch
skewer
ski
skim
skin
skin knee
skip
skipper
skirmish
skirt
skitter
skulk
skyrocket
slam
slap
slash
slate
slather
slaughter
slaughter animal
slay
sled
sledge
sleep
sleepwalk
sleet
sleigh
slice
sling
slink
slip
slipcover
slit
slither
slog
slop
slope
slosh
slouch
slug
slumber
slump
slurp
smack
smack lips
smash
smash where no effect implicated
smear
smell
smile
smirk
smoke
smolder
smooth
smother
smudge
smuggle
snack
snail
snap
snap fingers
snare
snarl
snatch
sneak
sneeze
snicker
sniff
sniffle
snigger
snip
snipe
snivel
snoop
snoop on
snore
snort
snow
snub
snuffle
soak
soap hands body
soar
sob
sober
sock
sod
softboil
softboil egg
soil
sojourn
solace
solder
sole
somersault
soothe
sorrow
sound
sow
span
spar
spare
sparkle
spat
spatter
spawn
speak
spear
speckle
speed
spellbind
spew
spice
spill
spin
spin story
spin wool
spindle
spit
splash
splatter
splice
splinter
split lip
splotch
splutter
sponge
sponsor
spook
spool
spoon
spoonfeed
spot
spout
sprain ankle back knee wrist
sprawl
spray
spraypaint
spread
sprinkle
spritz
sprout
spruce
spurt
sputter
spy
squabble
squall
squaredance
squash
squat
squawk
squeak
squeal
squeeze
squelch
squint
squint eyes
squirm
squirt
squish
stab
stable
stack
staff
stagger
stagnate
stain
stammer
stamp
stamp foot
stand
staple
star
starch
stare
start
startle
stash
state
stay
steam
steam-bake
stem
stencil
stew
stick
stifle
stigmatize
stimulate
sting
stink
stipple
stir
stir-fry
stitch
stock
stomp
stone
stoop
stop
stop up
stopper
store
storm
stow
straddle
straggle
strain
strangle
strap
stray
streak
stream
stress
stretch
stretch legs
strew
stride
stridulate
strike
string
strip
stroke
stroll
struggle
strut
stub toe
stucco
stud
study
stuff
stumble
stump
stun
stupefy
stutter
style
submit
substitute
subtract
suck
suction
suffer
suffuse
sugar
suggest
sulphur
summer
sunder
sup
supervene
supply
support
suppose
surge
surmount
surprise
surrender
surround
survey
survive
suspect
suspend
swab
swaddle
swagger
swallow
swap
swathe
sway
sweat
sweep
swell
swelter
swig
swill
swim
swindle
swing
swipe
swirl
swish
swoon
swoosh
synthesize
tack
tag
tail
tailor
taint
take
take only
take picture
talc body
tamp
tango
tantalize
tap
tapdance
tar
tarmac
tarnish
tarry
tassel
taste
tattoo
tax
taxi
teach
team
tear
tease
tease hair
teem
teeter
telecast
telegraph
telephone
televise
telex
tell only
tempt
term
terminate
terrify
terrorize
tether
thank
thatch
thaw
thieve
think
thirst
thrash
threaten
thrill
thrive
throat tickle
throb
throng
thrum
thrust
thud
thumb
thumbtack
thump
thunder
thunk
thwack
tick
ticket
tickle
tie
tile
tilt
tin
ting
tinkle
tint
tip
tiptoe
tire
tisk
titillate
titter
toast
toboggan
toddle
tog
tolerate
toll
toot
tootle
top
torment
toss
toss mane
toss salad
total
tote
totter
touch
tow
towel
towel face hands
tower
trace
track
trade
trail
train
traipse
tram
trammel
tramp
transfer
transform
transmute
transpire
transport
trap
travel
trawl
treasure
treat
tree
trek
tremble
trickle
trill
trim
trim hair beard
troll
trolley
troop
trot
trouble
truck
trudge
trumpet
truncheon
trundle
trust
try
tuck
tug
tumble
tunnel
turf
turn ankle
turn head
turn up
tussle
tutor
twang
tweet
twiddle thumbs
twinkle
twirl
twist
twist ankle
twitch
twitch ears nose
twitter
type
ululate
umpire
unbolt
unbuckle
unburden
unbutton
unchain
unclamp
unclasp
unclip
undercharge
underlie
understudy
undress
undulate
unfasten
unglue
unhinge
unhitch
unhook
unify
unite
unlace
unlatch
unleash
unlock
unnerve
unpeg
unpin
unscrew
unsettle
unshackle
unstaple
unstitch
untie
unzip
upbraid
uplift
uproot
upset
use
vacation
vacuum
valet
vanish
varnish
vary
vault
veil
vein
veneer
venerate
vest
vex
vibrate
victimize
vie
vien
view
vilify
visit
visualize
void
volunteer
vomit
vote
vroom
wad
waddle
wade
waft
wag finger tail
wag tail
wager
waggle
waggle ears
wail
wait
walk
wallop
wallow
wander
wangle
war
warble
warehouse
warn
warrant
wash
wash hands face
waste
watch
water
wave
wave hair
wave hand
waver
wax
wean
wear
weary
weasel
weave
wed
wedge
weed
weep
weigh
welcome
weld
whack
whale
wheel
wheeze
whelk
whelp
whimper
whine
whinny
whip
whir
whirl
whish
whisk
whisper
whistle
whistle tune
whitewash
whittle
whiz
whoop
whoosh
whump
widow
wield
wiggle
wiggle ears hips nose
will
wilt
win
wince
wind
wink eye
winkle
winnow
winter
wire
wire money
wireless
wish
withdraw
wither
witness
wobble
wolf
wonder
woof
work
worm
worry
worship
wound
wow
wrangle
wrap
wreathe
wreck
wrench
wrest
wrestle
wriggle
wring
wring hands
wrinkle
wrinkle forehead nose
write
write book
writhe
yacht
yak
yammer
yank
yap
yawn
yearn
yell
yelp
yield
yip
yodel
yoke
yowl
zest
zigzag
zing
zip
zipcode
zoom
abandon
abash
shark
usher
Agent
A resource that acts or has the power to act.
Examples of Agent include person, organization, and software agent.
Agent Class
A group of agents.
Examples of Agent Class include groups seen as classes, such as students, women, charities, lecturers.
A book, article, or other documentary resource.
Bibliographic Resource
The set of regions in space defined by their geographic coordinates according to the DCMI Box Encoding Scheme.
DCMI Box
Examples include the formats defined by the list of Internet Media Types.
File Format
A digital resource format.
Frequency
A rate at which something recurs.
The set of codes listed in ISO 3166-1 for the representation of names of countries.
ISO 3166
The three-letter alphabetic codes listed in ISO639-2 for the representation of names of languages.
ISO 639-2
ISO 639-3
The set of three-letter codes listed in ISO 639-3 for the representation of names of languages.
Jurisdiction
The extent or range of judicial, law enforcement, or other authority.
License Document
A legal document giving official permission to do something with a Resource.
Examples include written, spoken, sign, and computer languages.
A system of signs, symbols, sounds, gestures, or rules used in communication.
Linguistic System
Location
A spatial region or named place.
Location, Period, or Jurisdiction
A location, period of time, or jurisdiction.
A file format or physical medium.
Media Type
A media type or extent.
Media Type or Extent
A method by which resources are added to a collection.
Method of Accrual
Method of Instruction
A process that is used to engender knowledge, attitudes, and skills.
The set of time intervals defined by their limits according to the DCMI Period Encoding Scheme.
DCMI Period
An interval of time that is named or defined by its start and end dates.
Period of Time
Examples include paper, canvas, or DVD.
Physical Medium
A physical material or carrier.
A material thing.
Physical Resource
The set of points in space defined by their geographic coordinates according to the DCMI Point Encoding Scheme.
DCMI Point
Policy
A plan or course of action by an authority, intended to influence and determine decisions, actions, and other matters.
Provenance Statement
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of a resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation.
The set of tags, constructed according to RFC 1766, for the identification of languages.
RFC 1766
RFC 3066
RFC 3066 has been obsoleted by RFC 4646.
The set of tags constructed according to RFC 3066 for the identification of languages.
RFC 4646 obsoletes RFC 3066.
RFC 4646
The set of tags constructed according to RFC 4646 for the identification of languages.
The set of tags constructed according to RFC 5646 for the identification of languages.
RFC 5646
RFC 5646 obsoletes RFC 4646.
Rights Statement
A statement about the intellectual property rights (IPR) held in or over a Resource, a legal document giving official permission to do something with a resource, or a statement about access rights.
Size or Duration
Examples include a number of pages, a specification of length, width, and breadth, or a period in hours, minutes, and seconds.
A dimension or extent, or a time taken to play or execute.
A basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated.
Standard
The set of identifiers constructed according to the generic syntax for Uniform Resource Identifiers as specified by the Internet Engineering Task Force.
URI
W3C-DTF
The set of dates and times constructed according to the W3C Date and Time Formats Specification.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status.
Access Rights
Accrual Method
The method by which items are added to a collection.
Accrual Periodicity
The frequency with which items are added to a collection.
The policy governing the addition of items to a collection.
Accrual Policy
An alternative name for the resource.
The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.
Alternative Title
A class of entity for whom the resource is intended or useful.
Audience
Date (often a range) that the resource became or will become available.
Date Available
Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible.
Bibliographic Citation
A bibliographic reference for the resource.
Conforms To
An established standard to which the described resource conforms.
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource.
Examples of a Contributor include a person, an organization, or a service.
Contributor
Coverage
Spatial topic and spatial applicability may be a named place or a location specified by its geographic coordinates. Temporal topic may be a named period, date, or date range. A jurisdiction may be a named administrative entity or a geographic place to which the resource applies. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Thesaurus of Geographic Names [TGN]. Where appropriate, named places or time periods can be used in preference to numeric identifiers such as sets of coordinates or date ranges.
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant.
Date of creation of the resource.
Date Created
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource.
Creator
Examples of a Creator include a person, an organization, or a service.
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource.
Date may be used to express temporal information at any level of granularity. Recommended best practice is to use an encoding scheme, such as the W3CDTF profile of ISO 8601 [W3CDTF].
Date
Examples of resources to which a Date Accepted may be relevant are a thesis (accepted by a university department) or an article (accepted by a journal).
Date Accepted
Date of acceptance of the resource.
Date Copyrighted
Date of copyright.
Date of submission of the resource.
Examples of resources to which a Date Submitted may be relevant are a thesis (submitted to a university department) or an article (submitted to a journal).
Date Submitted
Description
An account of the resource.
Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, a table of contents, a graphical representation, or a free-text account of the resource.
Audience Education Level
A class of entity, defined in terms of progression through an educational or training context, for which the described resource is intended.
The size or duration of the resource.
Extent
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource.
Examples of dimensions include size and duration. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the list of Internet Media Types [MIME].
Format
This term is intended to be used with non-literal values as defined in the DCMI Abstract Model (http://dublincore.org/documents/abstract-model/). As of December 2007, the DCMI Usage Board is seeking a way to express this intention with a formal range declaration.
Has Format
A related resource that is substantially the same as the pre-existing described resource, but in another format.
Has Part
A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource.
A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource.
Has Version
Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system.
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.
Identifier
Instructional Method will typically include ways of presenting instructional materials or conducting instructional activities, patterns of learner-to-learner and learner-to-instructor interactions, and mechanisms by which group and individual levels of learning are measured. Instructional methods include all aspects of the instruction and learning processes from planning and implementation through evaluation and feedback.
Instructional Method
A process, used to engender knowledge, attitudes and skills, that the described resource is designed to support.
A related resource that is substantially the same as the described resource, but in another format.
Is Format Of
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Is Referenced By
A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.
Is Replaced By
A related resource that supplants, displaces, or supersedes the described resource.
Is Required By
A related resource that requires the described resource to support its function, delivery, or coherence.
Is Version Of
A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation.
Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format.
Date of formal issuance (e.g., publication) of the resource.
Date Issued
Language
Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as RFC 4646 [RFC4646].
A language of the resource.
License
A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource.
In an educational context, a mediator might be a parent, teacher, teaching assistant, or care-giver.
An entity that mediates access to the resource and for whom the resource is intended or useful.
Mediator
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Date Modified
Date on which the resource was changed.
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation.
The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Provenance
Publisher
Examples of a Publisher include a person, an organization, or a service.
An entity responsible for making the resource available.
A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource.
References
Relation
Recommended best practice is to identify the related resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system.
A related resource.
Replaces
A related resource that is supplanted, displaced, or superseded by the described resource.
Requires
A related resource that is required by the described resource to support its function, delivery, or coherence.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource.
Typically, rights information includes a statement about various property rights associated with the resource, including intellectual property rights.
A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.
Rights Holder
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived.
The described resource may be derived from the related resource in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to identify the related resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system.
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Subject
The topic of the resource.
Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases, or classification codes. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
A list of subunits of the resource.
Table Of Contents
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
Title
A name given to the resource.
Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the DCMI Type Vocabulary [DCMITYPE]. To describe the file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource, use the Format element.
The nature or genre of the resource.
Type
Date (often a range) of validity of a resource.
Date Valid