@prefix herbkg: .
@prefix owl: .
@prefix rdf: .
@prefix rdfs: .
@prefix skos: .
@prefix dcterms: .
@prefix prov: .
@prefix xsd: .
#################################################################
# Ontology metadata (schema/TBox only)
#################################################################
herbkg:TCMModernMedicineOntology a owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Integrated TCM–Modern Medicine Ontology Schema"@en ;
dcterms:description "An OWL 2 DL ontology schema for integrating traditional Chinese medicine and modern biomedical knowledge. This release contains schema-level definitions only (TBox), without instance data."@en ;
dcterms:creator "Institute of Literature Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine"@en ;
owl:versionInfo "v1.3" ;
rdfs:comment "v1.3 adopts the permanent namespace https://w3id.org/herbkg/ with the prefix herbkg:. v1.2 completed the object-property inventory so that the schema matches the 32 fine-grained relation types reported in the accompanying publication, and replaced multi-valued rdfs:domain declarations with explicit owl:unionOf class expressions."@en ;
dcterms:license .
#################################################################
# Classes (top-level)
#################################################################
herbkg:Herb a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Herb"@en, "中草药"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Medicinal plants used in traditional Chinese medicine for disease treatment."@en ;
rdfs:comment "药用植物，可对疾病有治疗作用。"@zh .
herbkg:Formula a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Formula"@en, "方剂"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "A TCM prescription composed of multiple herbs to achieve therapeutic effects."@en ;
rdfs:comment "多个中草药组成的中药配伍，以多味中草药的集合实现疾病治疗。"@zh .
herbkg:Function a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Function"@en, "功效"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Therapeutic function (treatment principle) of herbs or formulas that acts on specific TCM syndromic patterns."@en ;
rdfs:comment "中草药的治疗效用，也称为治法，可以作用于特定证候。"@zh .
herbkg:Symptom a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Symptom"@en, "证候"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "A TCM syndromic pattern summarized from clinical manifestations obtained through the four diagnostic methods."@en ;
rdfs:comment "通过四诊所获得的机体在疾病某阶段反映出的一系列症状的归纳。"@zh .
herbkg:Sign a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Sign"@en, "症状"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "An abnormal sensation or pathological change manifested by the patient."@en ;
rdfs:comment "症状是患者身体表现出的异常感觉或病态变化。"@zh .
herbkg:Disease a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Disease"@en, "疾病"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "A general super-class for disease entities."@en ;
rdfs:comment "疾病概念的通用上位类。"@zh .
herbkg:CMDisease a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf herbkg:Disease ;
rdfs:label "Disease (Chinese Medicine)"@en, "中医疾病"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Disease entities defined from the perspective of Chinese medicine, summarized by syndromic patterns, symptoms, signs, or abnormal behaviors."@en ;
rdfs:comment "中医角度基于证候、症状、体征或行为异常等的归纳。"@zh .
herbkg:MMDisease a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf herbkg:Disease ;
rdfs:label "Disease (Modern Medicine)"@en, "西医疾病"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Disease entities defined from the perspective of modern medicine, reflecting negative functional or structural abnormalities in the body."@en ;
rdfs:comment "西医角度对于人体生命活动异常、功能或结构出现负面表现的归纳。"@zh .
herbkg:Compound a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Compound"@en, "化合物"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Chemical constituents isolated from herbs that can act on genes and modulate biological processes."@en ;
rdfs:comment "中草药中分离出的化学成分，可以作用于基因，对其有调节作用。"@zh .
herbkg:Gene a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Gene"@en, "基因"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "A DNA segment carrying hereditary information and associated with diseases."@en ;
rdfs:comment "基因是带有遗传信息的DNA片段，与疾病具有一定关系。"@zh .
#################################################################
# Reified association class and provenance-support classes
#
# Herb–Disease therapeutic associations are not asserted manually. They
# are derived by ontology-guided path traversal and are reified so that
# supporting evidence, evidence level, confidence, and provenance can be
# attached to each individual association.
#################################################################
herbkg:HerbDiseaseAssociation a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Herb–Disease association"@en, "中草药—疾病关联"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "A reified herb–disease therapeutic association derived by ontology-guided path traversal. Instances are produced downstream rather than asserted in this schema, and carry evidence, evidence level, and provenance annotations."@en .
herbkg:Evidence a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Evidence"@en, "证据"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "A supporting evidence record for a derived association."@en .
herbkg:EvidenceLevel a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Evidence level"@en, "证据等级"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "A qualitative confidence level assigned to a derived association. The controlled vocabulary comprises authoritative, multi-document, and single-document levels, in decreasing order of priority."@en .
herbkg:SourceDocument a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Source document"@en, "来源文献"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "A document-level source, such as a PubMed or Wanfang abstract, from which an assertion was derived."@en .
herbkg:Dataset a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Dataset"@en, "数据集"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "A source dataset, such as ICD-10, OMIM, or the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, from which records were retrieved."@en .
herbkg:ICDCode a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "ICD-10 code"@en, "ICD-10编码"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "An ICD-10 classification code used as a normalization anchor for modern medicine disease entities."@en .
#################################################################
# SKOS concept-based category classes (as skos:Concept)
#################################################################
skos:Concept a owl:Class .
herbkg:HerbType a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Herb type"@en, "草药类别"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Categories of herbs (e.g., exterior-releasing, heat-clearing)."@en ;
rdfs:comment "指中草药的草药类别，如解表药、清热药等。"@zh .
herbkg:Flavor a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Flavor"@en, "味"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Organoleptic flavor categories of herbs (e.g., sour, bitter, sweet, pungent, salty)."@en ;
rdfs:comment "指中草药具有酸、苦、甘、辛、咸等味道。"@zh .
herbkg:Nature a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Nature"@en, "性质"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "TCM nature (property) categories of herbs (e.g., cold, hot, warm, cool)."@en ;
rdfs:comment "指中草药具有寒、热、温、凉等药性。"@zh .
herbkg:ChannelTropism a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Channel tropism"@en, "归经"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Meridian/channel tropism indicating targeted organs/meridians in TCM theory."@en ;
rdfs:comment "指中草药对机体某些脏腑经络具有治疗作用。"@zh .
herbkg:Toxicity a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Toxicity"@en, "毒性"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Toxicity degree of an herb."@en ;
rdfs:comment "毒性是中草药的偏性，指有毒程度。"@zh .
herbkg:FormulaType a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Formula type"@en, "方剂类别"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Categories of formulas (e.g., warming-interior, wind-dispelling)."@en ;
rdfs:comment "指方剂的类别，如温里剂、治风剂等。"@zh .
herbkg:FunctionType a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Function type"@en, "功效类别"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Categories of therapeutic functions (e.g., exterior-releasing, heat-clearing)."@en ;
rdfs:comment "指功效的类别，如解表法、清热法等。"@zh .
herbkg:SymptomType a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Symptom type"@en, "证候类别"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Categories of TCM syndromic patterns (e.g., heart-system patterns, lung-system patterns)."@en ;
rdfs:comment "指证候的类别，如心系证类、肺系证类等。"@zh .
herbkg:SignType a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Sign type"@en, "症状类别"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Categories of clinical signs/symptoms."@en ;
rdfs:comment "指症状的类别。"@zh .
herbkg:DiseaseType a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Disease type"@en, "疾病类别"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Categories of diseases (e.g., dermatologic diseases, ophthalmic diseases)."@en ;
rdfs:comment "指疾病的类别，如皮肤病类、眼病类等。"@zh .
#################################################################
# Object Properties — TCM branch
#
# Note on domains: where a property applies to more than one class, the
# domain is expressed as an owl:unionOf class expression. A comma-separated
# rdfs:domain list would be read as an intersection, which would wrongly
# require an individual to belong to every listed class at once.
#################################################################
herbkg:hasFunction a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( herbkg:Herb herbkg:Formula ) ] ;
rdfs:range herbkg:Function ;
rdfs:label "has function"@en, "具有功效"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Links a herb or formula to its therapeutic function."@en .
herbkg:hasEffectTo a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Function ;
rdfs:range herbkg:Symptom ;
rdfs:label "has effect to"@en, "作用于证候"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Describes the effect of a therapeutic function on a TCM symptom (syndromic pattern)."@en .
herbkg:hasPresentation a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Symptom ;
rdfs:range herbkg:Sign ;
rdfs:label "has presentation"@en, "表现为"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Indicates that a TCM symptom is manifested as an observable clinical sign."@en .
herbkg:treatsSymptom a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Formula ;
rdfs:range herbkg:Symptom ;
rdfs:label "treats symptom"@en, "治疗证候"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Indicates that a formula is used to treat a specific TCM symptom."@en .
herbkg:treatsSign a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Formula ;
rdfs:range herbkg:Sign ;
rdfs:label "treats sign"@en, "治疗症状"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Indicates that a formula is used to treat a specific clinical sign."@en .
herbkg:isHerbOf a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Herb ;
rdfs:range herbkg:Formula ;
rdfs:label "is herb of"@en, "组成方剂"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Specifies that a herb is a component of a formula."@en .
herbkg:containsHerb a owl:ObjectProperty ;
owl:inverseOf herbkg:isHerbOf ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Formula ;
rdfs:range herbkg:Herb ;
rdfs:label "contains herb"@en, "含有草药"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Indicates that a formula contains a specific herb. Declared as the inverse of isHerbOf."@en .
herbkg:isSignOf a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Sign ;
rdfs:range herbkg:Disease ;
rdfs:label "is sign of"@en, "为疾病之症状"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Indicates that a clinical sign is indicative of a disease. The range is the general Disease class because signs in the released subset are linked to both CMDisease and MMDisease entities."@en .
#################################################################
# Object Properties — cross-paradigm therapeutic association
#
# These properties are defined here so that derived associations can be
# typed and constrained. No instance of them is asserted in this schema;
# instances are produced downstream by ontology-guided path traversal.
#################################################################
herbkg:treatDisease a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( herbkg:Herb herbkg:Formula ) ] ;
rdfs:range herbkg:Disease ;
rdfs:label "treat disease"@en, "治疗疾病"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Indicates that a herb or formula is used to treat a disease. Instances are not asserted manually; they are derived by ontology-guided traversal of the herb–compound–gene–disease chain or its TCM-branch counterpart, and are reified as herbkg:HerbDiseaseAssociation individuals so that supporting evidence and provenance can be attached."@en .
herbkg:associatedWith a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Herb ;
rdfs:range herbkg:Disease ;
rdfs:label "associated with"@en, "关联疾病"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Indicates a therapeutic association between a herb and a disease that is weaker than an explicit treatment claim. Instances are derived rather than asserted manually."@en .
#################################################################
# Object Properties — modern medicine branch
#################################################################
herbkg:hasCompound a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Herb ;
rdfs:range herbkg:Compound ;
rdfs:label "has compound"@en, "含有化合物"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Links a herb to its bioactive chemical compounds."@en .
herbkg:associateGene a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Compound ;
rdfs:range herbkg:Gene ;
rdfs:label "associate gene"@en, "关联基因"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Associates a chemical compound with related genes."@en .
herbkg:targets a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf herbkg:associateGene ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Compound ;
rdfs:range herbkg:Gene ;
rdfs:label "targets"@en, "靶向"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Indicates that a compound targets a gene or its protein product. Specialization of associateGene."@en .
herbkg:modulates a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf herbkg:associateGene ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Compound ;
rdfs:range herbkg:Gene ;
rdfs:label "modulates"@en, "调节"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Indicates that a compound modulates gene activity without specifying direction. Specialization of associateGene."@en .
herbkg:inhibits a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf herbkg:modulates ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Compound ;
rdfs:range herbkg:Gene ;
rdfs:label "inhibits"@en, "抑制"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Indicates that a compound inhibits a gene or its protein product. Specialization of modulates."@en .
herbkg:activates a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf herbkg:modulates ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Compound ;
rdfs:range herbkg:Gene ;
rdfs:label "activates"@en, "激活"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Indicates that a compound activates a gene or its protein product. Specialization of modulates."@en .
herbkg:influenceDisease a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Gene ;
rdfs:range herbkg:MMDisease ;
rdfs:label "influence disease"@en, "影响西医疾病"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Describes the influence of a gene on a modern medicine disease."@en .
herbkg:actOn a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Compound ;
rdfs:range herbkg:MMDisease ;
rdfs:label "act on"@en, "作用于西医疾病"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Indicates that a compound acts on a modern medicine disease."@en .
#################################################################
# Object Properties — classification
#################################################################
herbkg:hasHerbType a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Herb ;
rdfs:range herbkg:HerbType ;
rdfs:label "has herb type"@en, "具有草药类别"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Classifies a herb."@en .
herbkg:hasFormulaType a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Formula ;
rdfs:range herbkg:FormulaType ;
rdfs:label "has formula type"@en, "具有方剂类别"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Classifies a formula."@en .
herbkg:hasFunctionType a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Function ;
rdfs:range herbkg:FunctionType ;
rdfs:label "has function type"@en, "具有功效类别"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Classifies a therapeutic function."@en .
herbkg:hasSymptomType a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Symptom ;
rdfs:range herbkg:SymptomType ;
rdfs:label "has symptom type"@en, "具有证候类别"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Classifies a TCM syndromic pattern."@en .
herbkg:hasSignType a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Sign ;
rdfs:range herbkg:SignType ;
rdfs:label "has sign type"@en, "具有症状类别"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Classifies a clinical sign."@en .
herbkg:hasDiseaseType a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Disease ;
rdfs:range herbkg:DiseaseType ;
rdfs:label "has disease type"@en, "具有疾病类别"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Classifies a disease entity."@en .
herbkg:hasFlavor a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Herb ;
rdfs:range herbkg:Flavor ;
rdfs:label "has flavor"@en, "具有味"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Assigns an organoleptic flavor category to a herb."@en .
herbkg:hasNature a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Herb ;
rdfs:range herbkg:Nature ;
rdfs:label "has nature"@en, "具有药性"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Assigns a TCM nature category to a herb."@en .
herbkg:hasChannelTropism a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Herb ;
rdfs:range herbkg:ChannelTropism ;
rdfs:label "has channel tropism"@en, "具有归经"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Assigns a meridian/channel tropism category to a herb."@en .
herbkg:hasToxicity a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Herb ;
rdfs:range herbkg:Toxicity ;
rdfs:label "has toxicity"@en, "具有毒性"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Assigns a toxicity category to a herb."@en .
#################################################################
# Object Properties — terminology alignment
#
# Cross-lingual and cross-branch mappings between entities are expressed
# with skos:exactMatch and skos:broadMatch (declared below as annotation
# properties). mappedToICD links a disease entity to an ICD-10 code entity.
#################################################################
herbkg:mappedToICD a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Disease ;
rdfs:range herbkg:ICDCode ;
rdfs:label "mapped to ICD"@en, "映射至ICD编码"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Maps a disease entity to an ICD-10 code entity used as a normalization anchor."@en .
#################################################################
# Object Properties — evidence and provenance on reified associations
#################################################################
herbkg:supportedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:HerbDiseaseAssociation ;
rdfs:range herbkg:Evidence ;
rdfs:label "supported by"@en, "证据支持"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Links a derived herb–disease association to a supporting evidence record."@en .
herbkg:evidenceLevel a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:HerbDiseaseAssociation ;
rdfs:range herbkg:EvidenceLevel ;
rdfs:label "evidence level"@en, "证据等级"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Assigns a qualitative confidence level to a derived herb–disease association."@en .
herbkg:derivedFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:wasDerivedFrom ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:HerbDiseaseAssociation ;
rdfs:range herbkg:SourceDocument ;
rdfs:label "derived from"@en, "来源于文献"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Indicates the document-level source from which a derived association was obtained."@en .
herbkg:retrievedFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:HerbDiseaseAssociation ;
rdfs:range herbkg:Dataset ;
rdfs:label "retrieved from"@en, "检索自数据集"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Indicates the dataset from which a derived association was retrieved."@en .
#################################################################
# Released-subset serialization vocabulary
#
# The released derived subset serializes every statement twice: once as a
# direct triple between entities, and once as a reified DerivedAssertion
# record carrying the source identifier and source category. The terms below
# describe that serialization. They are distinct from the association-level
# evidence vocabulary above, which models the evidence attached to a derived
# herb-disease association rather than the provenance of an individual
# released statement.
#################################################################
herbkg:DerivedAssertion a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Derived assertion"@en, "派生断言"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "A reified record of a single statement in the released derived subset, carrying the source identifier and source category from which the statement was obtained."@en .
herbkg:assertedSubject a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:DerivedAssertion ;
rdfs:label "asserted subject"@en, "断言主语"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "The subject of the reified statement."@en .
herbkg:assertedPredicate a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:DerivedAssertion ;
rdfs:label "asserted predicate"@en, "断言谓语"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "The predicate of the reified statement."@en .
herbkg:assertedObject a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:DerivedAssertion ;
rdfs:label "asserted object"@en, "断言宾语"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "The object of the reified statement."@en .
herbkg:sourceId a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:DerivedAssertion ;
rdfs:range xsd:string ;
rdfs:label "source identifier"@en, "来源标识"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "A subset-level provenance identifier for the originating record, source entry, or curated evidence unit."@en .
herbkg:sourceType a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:DerivedAssertion ;
rdfs:range xsd:string ;
rdfs:label "source type"@en, "来源类别"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "A high-level category describing the origin of the statement, such as cn_abstract, en_abstract, standard_file, or inference."@en .
herbkg:mappingType a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:DerivedAssertion ;
rdfs:range xsd:string ;
rdfs:label "mapping type"@en, "映射类别"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "A relation-interpretation label used when the statement represents a cross-lingual, cross-branch, or inference-level relation."@en .
#################################################################
# Annotation Properties (alignment + provenance)
#################################################################
skos:prefLabel a owl:AnnotationProperty .
skos:altLabel a owl:AnnotationProperty .
skos:exactMatch a owl:AnnotationProperty .
skos:broadMatch a owl:AnnotationProperty .
dcterms:language a owl:AnnotationProperty .
dcterms:source a owl:AnnotationProperty .
prov:wasDerivedFrom a owl:AnnotationProperty .
#################################################################
# Datatype Properties (minimal, reviewer-safe IDs)
#################################################################
herbkg:icd10Code a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:MMDisease ;
rdfs:range xsd:string ;
rdfs:label "ICD-10 code"@en, "ICD-10编码"@zh .
herbkg:omimID a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( herbkg:MMDisease herbkg:Gene ) ] ;
rdfs:range xsd:string ;
rdfs:label "OMIM ID"@en, "OMIM_ID"@zh .
herbkg:casID a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:Compound ;
rdfs:range xsd:string ;
rdfs:label "CAS Registry Number"@en, "CAS号"@zh .
herbkg:hasConfidenceScore a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain herbkg:HerbDiseaseAssociation ;
rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
rdfs:label "confidence score"@en, "置信度分值"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Assigns a quantitative confidence score to a derived herb–disease association."@en .
herbkg:hasLanguage a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:range xsd:language ;
rdfs:label "language tag"@en, "语言标签"@zh ;
rdfs:comment "Specifies the language of an entity label. Complements the dcterms:language annotation property."@en .
#################################################################
# Notes
#################################################################
# This schema contains schema-level definitions only (TBox). It does not
# include instance-level data (ABox).
#
# Cross-paradigm therapeutic links between herbs or formulas and diseases
# (herbkg:treatDisease, herbkg:associatedWith) are declared here with domain and range
# constraints so that derived assertions can be type-checked, but no
# instance of these properties is asserted in this file. Such instances are
# produced downstream by ontology-guided path traversal over the
# herb–compound–gene–disease chain and its TCM-branch counterpart, and are
# reified as herbkg:HerbDiseaseAssociation individuals carrying evidence,
# evidence level, confidence, and provenance annotations.