---
name: makepad-animation
description: |
  CRITICAL: Use for Makepad animation system. Triggers on:
  makepad animation, makepad animator, makepad hover, makepad state,
  makepad transition, "from: { all: Forward", makepad pressed,
  makepad 动画, makepad 状态, makepad 过渡, makepad 悬停效果
risk: safe
source: community
date_added: "2026-09-04"
---
## Supporting material availability

This catalog copy contains the inline guidance below, but does not include the following supporting paths. They are external prerequisites, not bundled files:

- `./references/animation-system.md`

Ask for the original supporting material or an existing installation before using a step that depends on these paths; this catalog does not identify a verified download source for them. Resolve each path relative to that installation, inspect its contents, and verify any applicable license and execution prerequisites. Do not run a command or claim a referenced procedure was followed until its required file exists. Do not fabricate the missing scripts or treat an unrelated file with the same name as equivalent. Independent steps fully documented here can proceed within the user’s authorized scope; report any dependent step as unavailable.


# Makepad Animation Skill

> **Version:** makepad-widgets (dev branch) | **Last Updated:** 2026-01-19
>
> Check for updates: https://crates.io/crates/makepad-widgets

You are an expert at Makepad animations. Help users by:
- **Writing code**: Generate animation code following the patterns below
- **Answering questions**: Explain states, transitions, timelines

## When to Use
- You need to build or debug animations, transitions, hover states, or animator timelines in Makepad.
- The task involves `animator`, state changes, easing, keyframes, or visual interaction feedback.
- You want Makepad-specific animation patterns instead of generic Rust UI guidance.

## Documentation

Refer to the local files for detailed documentation:
- `./references/animation-system.md` - Complete animation reference

## Advanced Patterns

For production-ready animation patterns, see the `_base/` directory:

| Pattern | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| 06-animator-basics | Animator fundamentals |
| 07-easing-functions | Easing and timing |
| 08-keyframe-animation | Complex keyframes |

## IMPORTANT: Documentation Completeness Check

**Before answering questions, Claude MUST:**

1. Read the relevant reference file(s) listed above
2. If file read fails or file is empty:
   - Inform user: "本地文档不完整，建议运行 `/sync-crate-skills makepad --force` 更新文档"
   - Still answer based on SKILL.md patterns + built-in knowledge
3. If reference file exists, incorporate its content into the answer

## Key Patterns

### 1. Basic Hover Animation

```rust
<Button> {
    text: "Hover Me"

    animator: {
        hover = {
            default: off

            off = {
                from: { all: Forward { duration: 0.15 } }
                apply: {
                    draw_bg: { color: #333333 }
                }
            }

            on = {
                from: { all: Forward { duration: 0.15 } }
                apply: {
                    draw_bg: { color: #555555 }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
```

### 2. Multi-State Animation

```rust
<View> {
    animator: {
        hover = {
            default: off
            off = {
                from: { all: Forward { duration: 0.2 } }
                apply: { draw_bg: { color: #222222 } }
            }
            on = {
                from: { all: Forward { duration: 0.2 } }
                apply: { draw_bg: { color: #444444 } }
            }
        }

        pressed = {
            default: off
            off = {
                from: { all: Forward { duration: 0.1 } }
                apply: { draw_bg: { scale: 1.0 } }
            }
            on = {
                from: { all: Forward { duration: 0.1 } }
                apply: { draw_bg: { scale: 0.95 } }
            }
        }
    }
}
```

### 3. Focus State Animation

```rust
<TextInput> {
    animator: {
        focus = {
            default: off

            off = {
                from: { all: Forward { duration: 0.2 } }
                apply: {
                    draw_bg: {
                        border_color: #444444
                        border_size: 1.0
                    }
                }
            }

            on = {
                from: { all: Forward { duration: 0.2 } }
                apply: {
                    draw_bg: {
                        border_color: #0066CC
                        border_size: 2.0
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
```

### 4. Disabled State

```rust
<Button> {
    animator: {
        disabled = {
            default: off

            off = {
                from: { all: Snap }
                apply: {
                    draw_bg: { color: #0066CC }
                    draw_text: { color: #FFFFFF }
                }
            }

            on = {
                from: { all: Snap }
                apply: {
                    draw_bg: { color: #333333 }
                    draw_text: { color: #666666 }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
```

## Animator Structure

| Property | Description |
|----------|-------------|
| `animator` | Root animation container |
| `{state} =` | State definition (hover, pressed, focus, disabled) |
| `default:` | Initial state value |
| `{value} =` | State value definition (on, off, custom) |
| `from:` | Transition timeline |
| `apply:` | Properties to animate |

## Timeline Types (Play Enum)

| Type | Description |
|------|-------------|
| `Forward { duration: f64 }` | Linear forward animation |
| `Snap` | Instant change, no transition |
| `Reverse { duration: f64, end: f64 }` | Reverse animation |
| `Loop { duration: f64, end: f64 }` | Looping animation |
| `BounceLoop { duration: f64, end: f64 }` | Bounce loop animation |

## Easing Functions (Ease Enum)

```rust
// Basic
Linear

// Quadratic
InQuad, OutQuad, InOutQuad

// Cubic
InCubic, OutCubic, InOutCubic

// Quartic
InQuart, OutQuart, InOutQuart

// Quintic
InQuint, OutQuint, InOutQuint

// Sinusoidal
InSine, OutSine, InOutSine

// Exponential
InExp, OutExp, InOutExp

// Circular
InCirc, OutCirc, InOutCirc

// Elastic
InElastic, OutElastic, InOutElastic

// Back
InBack, OutBack, InOutBack

// Bounce
InBounce, OutBounce, InOutBounce

// Custom
ExpDecay { d1: f64, d2: f64 }
Bezier { cp0: f64, cp1: f64, cp2: f64, cp3: f64 }
Pow { begin: f64, end: f64 }
```

### Using Easing

```rust
from: {
    all: Ease { duration: 0.3, ease: InOutQuad }
}
```

## Common States

| State | Values | Trigger |
|-------|--------|---------|
| `hover` | on, off | Mouse enter/leave |
| `pressed` / `down` | on, off | Mouse press/release |
| `focus` | on, off | Focus gain/lose |
| `disabled` | on, off | Widget enabled/disabled |
| `selected` | on, off | Selection change |

## Animatable Properties

Most `draw_*` shader uniforms can be animated:
- Colors: `color`, `border_color`, `shadow_color`
- Sizes: `border_size`, `border_radius`, `shadow_radius`
- Transforms: `scale`, `rotation`, `offset`
- Opacity: `opacity`

## When Writing Code

1. Always set `default:` for initial state
2. Use `Forward` for smooth transitions
3. Use `Snap` for instant state changes (like disabled)
4. Keep durations short (0.1-0.3s) for responsive feel
5. Animate shader uniforms in `draw_bg`, `draw_text`, etc.

## Rust API (AnimatorImpl Trait)

```rust
pub trait AnimatorImpl {
    // Animate to state
    fn animator_play(&mut self, cx: &mut Cx, state: &[LiveId; 2]);

    // Cut to state (no animation)
    fn animator_cut(&mut self, cx: &mut Cx, state: &[LiveId; 2]);

    // Check current state
    fn animator_in_state(&self, cx: &Cx, state: &[LiveId; 2]) -> bool;
}

// Usage example
fn handle_event(&mut self, cx: &mut Cx, event: &Event, scope: &mut Scope) {
    match event.hits(cx, self.area()) {
        Hit::FingerHoverIn(_) => {
            self.animator_play(cx, id!(hover.on));
        }
        Hit::FingerHoverOut(_) => {
            self.animator_play(cx, id!(hover.off));
        }
        Hit::FingerDown(_) => {
            self.animator_play(cx, id!(pressed.on));
        }
        Hit::FingerUp(_) => {
            self.animator_play(cx, id!(pressed.off));
        }
        _ => {}
    }
}
```

## When Answering Questions

1. States are independent - multiple can be active simultaneously
2. Animation applies properties when state reaches that value
3. `from` defines HOW to animate, `apply` defines WHAT to animate
4. Makepad tweens between old and new values automatically
5. Use `id!(state.value)` macro to reference animation states in Rust

## Limitations
- Use this skill only when the task clearly matches the scope described above.
- Do not treat the output as a substitute for environment-specific validation, testing, or expert review.
- Stop and ask for clarification if required inputs, permissions, safety boundaries, or success criteria are missing.