# tr - Translate characters - run replacements based on single characters and character sets. - Replace all occurrences of a character in a file, and print the result: tr find_characters replace_characters < filename - Map each character of the first set to the corresponding character of the second set: tr 'abcd' 'jkmn' < filename - Delete all occurrences of the specified set of characters from the input: tr -d 'input_characters' - Compress a series of identical characters to a single character: tr -s 'input_characters' - Translate the contents of the file to upper-case and print result: tr "[:lower:]" "[:upper:]" < filename - Strip out non-printable characters from the file and print result: tr -cd "[:print:]" < filename