motor neuron
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

intramembranous ossification
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

cellular_component
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

respiratory gaseous exchange by respiratory system
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

sensory perception of smell
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

blood circulation
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

biological_process
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

detection of visible light
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

reproductive process
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

locomotion
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

mastication
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

has measurement value
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
range: double

editor preferred term
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: editor preferred term
has curation status: IAO_0000122
definition: The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English)
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

example of usage
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: example of usage
has curation status: IAO_0000122
definition: A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold.
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
database_cross_reference: IAO:0000112
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: example_of_usage
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: example_of_usage

has curation status
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: has curation status
term editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON:Bill Bug
term editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot

definition
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: definition
has curation status: IAO_0000122
definition: The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
editor note: 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with.
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

editor note
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: editor note
has curation status: IAO_0000122
definition: An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology.
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi>
database_cross_reference: IAO:0000116
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: editor_note
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: editor_note

term editor
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: term editor
has curation status: IAO_0000122
definition: Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people
editor note: 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115.
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

definition source
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: definition source
has curation status: IAO_0000122
definition: Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

terms merged
type: NamedIndividual
editor note: An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge.

term imported
type: NamedIndividual
editor note: This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. An editor note should indicate what is the URI of the new term to use.

term split
type: NamedIndividual
editor note: This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split and indicate the URIs of the new terms created.

curator note
type: AnnotationProperty
label: curator notes
has curation status: IAO_0000122
definition: An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user
database_cross_reference: IAO:0000232
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: curator_notes
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: curator_notes

term tracker item
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: term tracker item
example of usage: the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/
has curation status: IAO_0000125
definition: An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term.
term editor: Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg
database_cross_reference: IAO:0000233
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: term_tracker_item
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: term_tracker_item
comment: The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term.

publication about an investigation
type: Class
subclass of: publication

has x coordinate value
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
range: float

has z coordinate value
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
range: float

has y coordinate value
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
range: float

imported from
type: AnnotationProperty

defined class
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal
editor note: "definitions", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal.

OBO foundry unique label
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: OBO foundry unique label
has curation status: IAO_0000125
definition: An alternative name for a class or property which is unique across the OBO Foundry.
editor note: The intended usage of that property is as follow: OBO foundry unique labels are automatically generated based on regular expressions provided by each ontology, so that SO could specify unique label = 'sequence ' + [label], etc. , MA could specify 'mouse + [label]' etc. Upon importing terms, ontology developers can choose to use the 'OBO foundry unique label' for an imported term or not. The same applies to tools .
term editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON:Bjoern Peters
term editor: PERSON:Chris Mungall
term editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot
definition source: GROUP:OBO Foundry <http://obofoundry.org/>

Teleostomi
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

Tetrapoda
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

Theria <mammals>
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

Bilateria
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

Mammalia
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

Chordata
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

Eutheria
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

Equidae
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

out of scope
type: NamedIndividual
definition: The term was added to the ontology on the assumption it was in scope, but it turned out later that it was not.
editor note: This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. Typical valid examples are: un-necessary grouping classes in disease ontologies, a phenotype term added on the assumption it was a disease.

flat
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

reflectivity
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

dendritic
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

grooved
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

disconnected
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

participates in
type: ObjectProperty
editor preferred term: participates in
example of usage: this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation
example of usage: this input material (or this output material) participates in this process
example of usage: this investigator participates in this investigation
definition: a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
IAO_0000118: participates_in
domain: BFO_0000002
range: BFO_0000003
inverse of: has participant

is concretized as
type: ObjectProperty
example of usage: A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
example of usage: An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
definition: A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants.
domain: BFO_0000031
range: BFO_0000020
inverse of: concretizes

function of
type: ObjectProperty
example of usage: this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme
definition: a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
IAO_0000118: function_of
IAO_0000118: is function of
comment: This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.
domain: function
sub property of: RO_0000052
inverse of: has function

quality of
type: ObjectProperty
example of usage: this red color is a quality of this apple
definition: a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists.
IAO_0000118: is quality of
IAO_0000118: quality_of
comment: This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.
sub property of: RO_0000052
inverse of: RO_0000086

derives from
type: ObjectProperty
example of usage: this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division)
example of usage: this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division)
has curation status: IAO_0000125
definition: a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
editor note: This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'.
IAO_0000118: derives_from
inverse of: derives into

location of
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
editor preferred term: is location of
example of usage: my head is the location of my brain
example of usage: this cage is the location of this rat
definition: a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location
editor note: Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
IAO_0000118: location_of
RO_0001900: RO_0001901
inverse of: RO_0001025

2D boundary of
type: ObjectProperty
example of usage: the surface of my skin is a 2D boundary of my body
definition: a relation between a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary) and a material entity, in which the boundary delimits the material entity
editor note: A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts.
editor note: Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape.
IAO_0000118: 2D_boundary_of
IAO_0000118: boundary of
IAO_0000118: is 2D boundary of
IAO_0000118: is boundary of
RO_0001900: RO_0001901
inverse of: has 2D boundary

never in taxon
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: tooth SubClassOf 'never in taxon' value 'Aves'
definition: x never in taxon T if and only if T is a class, and x does not instantiate the class expression "in taxon some T". Note that this is a shortcut relation, and should be used as a hasValue restriction in OWL.
OMO_0002000: PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> PREFIX in_taxon: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002162> PREFIX never_in_taxon: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002161> CONSTRUCT { in_taxon: a owl:ObjectProperty . a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty in_taxon: ; owl:someValuesFrom ?taxon ] . ?x rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty in_taxon: ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:complementOf ?taxon ] ] . } WHERE { ?x never_in_taxon: ?taxon . }
database_cross_reference: RO:0002161
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: never_in_taxon
is class level: true
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: never_in_taxon

mutually spatially disjoint with
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A is mutually_spatially_disjoint_with B if both A and B are classes, and there exists no p such that p is part_of some A and p is part_of some B.
OMO_0002000: PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> PREFIX part_of: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> PREFIX mutually_spatially_disjoint_with: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002171> CONSTRUCT { part_of: a owl:ObjectProperty . [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty part_of: ; owl:someValuesFrom ?x ; a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty part_of: ; owl:someValuesFrom ?y ] ] } WHERE { ?x mutually_spatially_disjoint_with: ?y . }
database_cross_reference: RO:0002171
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: mutually_spatially_disjoint_with
is class level: true
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: mutually_spatially_disjoint_with

ambiguous for taxon
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: S ambiguous_for_taxon T if the class S does not have a clear referent in taxon T. An example would be the class 'manual digit 1', which encompasses a homology hypotheses that is accepted for some species (e.g. human and mouse), but does not have a clear referent in Aves - the referent is dependent on the hypothesis embraced, and also on the ontogenetic stage. [PHENOSCPAE:asilomar_mtg]
database_cross_reference: RO:0002173
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: ambiguous_for_taxon
is class level: true
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: ambiguous_for_taxon

dubious for taxon
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: S dubious_for_taxon T if it is probably the case that no instances of S can be found in any instance of T.
database_cross_reference: RO:0002174
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: dubious_for_taxon
is class level: true
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: dubious_for_taxon
comment: This relation lacks a strong logical interpretation, but can be used in place of never_in_taxon where it is desirable to state that the definition of the class is too strict for the taxon under consideration, but placing a never_in_taxon link would result in a chain of inconsistencies that will take ongoing coordinated effort to resolve. Example: metencephalon in teleost

present in taxon
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: S present_in_taxon T if some instance of T has some S. This does not means that all instances of T have an S - it may only be certain life stages or sexes that have S
OMO_0002000: PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> PREFIX in_taxon: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002162> PREFIX present_in_taxon: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002175> CONSTRUCT { in_taxon: a owl:ObjectProperty . ?witness rdfs:label ?label . ?witness rdfs:subClassOf ?x . ?witness rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty in_taxon: ; owl:someValuesFrom ?taxon ] . } WHERE { ?x present_in_taxon: ?taxon . BIND(IRI(CONCAT( "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002175#", MD5(STR(?x)), "-", MD5(STR(?taxon)) )) as ?witness) BIND(CONCAT(STR(?x), " in taxon ", STR(?taxon)) AS ?label) }
database_cross_reference: RO:0002175
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: present_in_taxon
is class level: true
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: present_in_taxon
comment: The SPARQL expansion for this relation introduces new named classes into the ontology. For this reason it is likely that the expansion should only be performed during a QC pipeline; the expanded output should usually not be included in a published version of the ontology.

inheres in part of
type: ObjectProperty
label: characteristic of part of

has modifier
type: ObjectProperty

fully formed stage
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

embryo stage
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

death stage
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

oral opening
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

blood
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

nuchal ligament
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pharyngeal mucosa
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

mandibular nerve
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

scalp
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

organism substance
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

endoderm
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

mesoderm
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

proctodeum
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

strand of hair
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

external carotid artery
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

neural spine
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

latissimus dorsi muscle
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

serratus ventralis
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

urinary bladder
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: viscus
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: bladder organ

femoral nerve
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

innominate bone
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

external iliac artery
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

sciatic nerve
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

tibial nerve
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

external acoustic meatus
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

brachial artery
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

phalanx of manus
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

phalanx of pes
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

navicular bone of pes
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

skin of lip
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

axillary nerve
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

triceps brachii
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

subclavian artery
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

anterior tibial artery
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

trigeminal nerve
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

tibialis posterior
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

nasal cavity
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

upper eyelid
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

lower eyelid
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

hyaline cartilage tissue
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

striated muscle tissue
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

manubrium of sternum
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

xiphoid process
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

umbilical cord
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

neural crest
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

talus
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pharyngeal arch
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

olfactory placode
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pharyngeal arch 2
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

optic cup
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

sclerotome
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

mesenchyme
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pharyngeal arch 3
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

mesenchyme of carpal region
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

mesenchyme of lower jaw
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

mouth floor
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

foramen magnum
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

musculocutaneous nerve
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

cervical nerve plexus
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

forelimb mesenchyme
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

hindlimb mesenchyme
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

lateral nasal prominence
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

medial nasal prominence
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

middle phalanx
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

proximal phalanx
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

distal phalanx of pedal digit 1
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

distal phalanx of pedal digit 4
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

distal phalanx of pedal digit 5
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

proximal phalanx of manual digit 4
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pharyngeal arch 1
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

infraorbital artery
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

external female genitalia
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

lower leg mesenchyme
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

obturator nerve
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

cartilaginous condensation
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

auditory hillocks
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

deltoid pre-muscle mass
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

knee joint primordium
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

shoulder joint primordium
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

bodily fluid
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

nasal skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

body of sternum
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

embryonic footplate
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

embryonic handplate
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

head mesenchyme from mesoderm
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

vascular cord
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

embryonic post-anal tail
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

lateral border of scapula
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pectoral appendage skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pelvic girdle skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

mammary ridge
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

proximal epiphysis of fibula
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pes anserinus of tibia
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

mesenchyme of handplate
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

limb mesenchyme
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

medial condyle of femur
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

embryonic autopod plate
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

strand of hair of face
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

laryngeal pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

cricoid pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

thyroid pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

mandibular process mesenchyme from neural crest
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

acropodial skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

distal tarsal bone 4
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

distal tarsal bone 5
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

iliac blade
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

supraglenoid tubercle
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

clavicle cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

clavicle bone primordium
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

trapezius pre-muscle mass
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

trunk and cervical myotome group
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

flexor pre-muscle mass
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

sterno-mastoid pre-muscle mass
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

skeleton of right pelvic girdle
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

skeleton of left pelvic girdle
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

vertebra cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

infra-orbital canal of maxilla
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

masseteric nerve
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

stylopodial skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

zeugopodial skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

future upper lip
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

male genital swelling
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

autopod cartilage
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

proximal carpal cartilage
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

proximal tarsal cartilage
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

distal tarsal cartilage
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

distal tarsal bone 2 cartilage
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

auditory hillocks, pharyngeal arch 1 derived
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

proximal mesopodial cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

distal mesopodial cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

infra-orbital nerve
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

future mouth
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

external_definition
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: An alternate textual definition for a class taken unmodified from an external source. This definition may have been used to derive a generalized definition for the new class.
database_cross_reference: UBPROP:0000001
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: external_definition
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: external_definition
comment: This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO

axiom_lost_from_external_ontology
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A textual description of an axiom loss in this ontology compared to an external ontology.
database_cross_reference: UBPROP:0000002
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology
comment: This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO

homology_notes
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: Notes on the homology status of this class.
database_cross_reference: UBPROP:0000003
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: homology_notes
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: homology_notes
comment: This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO

external_comment
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: An alternate comment for a class taken unmodified from an external source. Note that obo format only allows a single comment for a class, and does not provide a structured means of adding provenance info.
database_cross_reference: UBPROP:0000005
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: external_comment
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: external_comment
comment: This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO

implements_design_pattern
type: AnnotationProperty
database_cross_reference: UBPROP:0000006
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: implements_design_pattern
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: implements_design_pattern

has_relational_adjective
type: AnnotationProperty
curator note: Used to connect a class to an adjectival form of its label. For example, a class with label 'intestine' may have a relational adjective 'intestinal'.
database_cross_reference: UBPROP:0000007
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: has_relational_adjective
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: has_relational_adjective

taxon_notes
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: Notes on the how instances of this class vary across species.
database_cross_reference: UBPROP:0000008
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: taxon_notes
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: taxon_notes

function_notes
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: Notes on the evolved function of instances of this class.
editor note: This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO
database_cross_reference: UBPROP:0000009
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: function_notes
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: function_notes

structure_notes
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: Notes on the structure, composition or histology of instances of this class.
editor note: This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO
database_cross_reference: UBPROP:0000010
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: structure_notes
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: structure_notes

development_notes
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: Notes on the ontogenic development of instances of this class.
editor note: This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO
database_cross_reference: UBPROP:0000011
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: development_notes
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: development_notes

external_ontology_notes
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: Notes on how similar or equivalent classes are represented in other ontologies.
editor note: This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO
database_cross_reference: UBPROP:0000012
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: external_ontology_notes
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: external_ontology_notes

terminology_notes
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: Notes on how lexical conventions regarding this class, in particular any issues that may arise due to homonyny or synonymy.
editor note: This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO
database_cross_reference: UBPROP:0000013
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: terminology_notes
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: terminology_notes

is count of
type: AnnotationProperty
database_cross_reference: UBPROP:0000100
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: is_count_of
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: is_count_of

preceding element is
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A property used in conjunction with repeated_element_number to indicate an axis and directionality along that axis. If P preceding_element_is R, and P is_count_of S, and X P N, and X' P N+1, then it follows that every X R some X', and the class expression [S and R some X' and inv(R) some X] is empty (i.e. X is followed by X', with no intermediates).
database_cross_reference: UBPROP:0000101
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: preceding_element_is
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: preceding_element_is

ray number
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: x ray_number N if and only if (i) x is a ray, and (ii) x is ancestrally associated with ray number N in a series of phalanges repeated along a radio-ulnar or equivalent axis, with ray_number 1 being the anteriormost ray.
is count of: UBERON_0002544
database_cross_reference: UBPROP:0000104
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: ray_number
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: ray_number
comment: The correct terminology is yet to be established; in tetrapods 'ray' might mean the mereological sum of the phalanges of a manual digit plus a metatarsal bone (or equivalent for hindlimb)

rib number
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: x rib_number N if and only if (i) x is a rib, and (ii) x is rib number N in a series of ribs repeated along an anterior-posterior axis, with rib_number 1 being the anteriormost rib. Note that this property counts ribs, *not* the adjoining vertebrae.
taxon_notes: In the early tetrapods, every vertebra bore a pair of ribs, although those on the thoracic vertebrae are typically the longest. In most subsequent forms, many of these early ribs have been lost, and in living amphibians and reptiles, there is great variation in rib structure and number. For example, turtles have only eight pairs of ribs, which are developed into a bony or cartilagenous carapace and plastron, while snakes have numerous ribs running along the full length of their trunk. Frogs typically have no ribs, aside from a sacral pair, which form part of the pelvis. Mammals usually also only have distinct ribs on the thoracic vertebra, although fixed cervical ribs are also present in monotremes. In marsupials and placental mammals, the cervical and lumbar ribs are found only as tiny remnants fused to the vertebrae, where they are referred to as transverse processes. In general, the structure and number of the true ribs in humans is similar to that in other mammals. Unlike reptiles, caudal ribs are never found in mammals.
external_ontology_notes: Note that in TAO, ribs are numbered by *vertebrae*
is count of: UBERON_0002228
preceding element is: anterior to
database_cross_reference: UBPROP:0000106
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: rib_number
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: rib_number

vertebra number
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: x vertebra_number N if and only if (i) x is a vertebra, and (ii) x is vertebra number N in a series of vertebras repeated along an anterior-posterior axis, with vertebra_number 1 being the anteriormost vertebra (also known as the atlas).
is count of: UBERON_0002412
preceding element is: anterior to
database_cross_reference: UBPROP:0000107
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: vertebra_number
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: vertebra_number

fma_set_term
type: AnnotationProperty
external_ontology_notes: FMA has terms like 'set of X'. In general we do not include set-of terms in uberon, but provide a mapping between the singular form and the FMA set term
database_cross_reference: UBPROP:0000202
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: fma_set_term
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: fma_set_term

curated content resource
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A curated content resource is a web-resource that contains curated content about the ontology term.
id: curated_content_resource
is class level: true
is metadata tag: true
comment: This property is likely to change the ID. Please do not use in production systems.

excluded subClassOf
type: AnnotationProperty
id: excluded_subClassOf
is metadata tag: true

contributor
type: AnnotationProperty
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: dc-contributor
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: dc-contributor

date
type: AnnotationProperty
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: dcterms-date
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: dcterms-date

supratragic tubercle
type: Class
definition: The supratragic tubercle is a small prominence on the auricle of the ear, located just above the tragus. It serves as an anatomical landmark and can vary in size and shape between individuals.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: UBERON_0001062

CV 3
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 221. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 中極(极)
Special Point Role: Front-Mu Point of the Bladder
Indications: Enuresis, nocturnal emission, impotence, hernia, uterine bleeding, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, morbid leukorrhea, frequency of urination, retention of urine, pain in the lower abdomen, prolapse of the uterus, vaginitis.
Innervation: The branch of the iliohypogastric nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the lower abdomen, 4 B-cun inferior to the centre of the umbilicus, on the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6789717
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zhongji
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795303
Synonym: Conception Vessel 3
Synonym: Front-Mu Point of the Bladder
Synonym: RN 3
Synonym: Ren 3
Vasculature: The branches of superficial epigastric artery and vein, and the branches of inferior epigastric artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Front-Mu Point of the Bladder Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795303
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: TARA_1092703
subclass of: Front-Mu Point of the Bladder

BL 61
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 130. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 僕(仆)參(参)
Indications: Muscular atrophy and weakness of the lower extremities, pain in the heel.
Innervation: The external calcaneal branch of the sural nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the lateral aspect of the foot, distal to BL60, lateral to the calcaneus, at the border between the red and white flesh.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Pucan
Pinyin Label: Pushen
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001450
General Body Region: UBERON_0002387
Synonym: B 61
Synonym: Bladder 61
Synonym: UB 61
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 61
Vasculature: The external calcaneal branches of the peroneal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001450
subclass of: TARA_0995552

ST 5
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 48. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 大迎(迎)
Indications: Facial paralysis, trismus, swelling of the cheek, facial pain, toothache.
Innervation: The facial and buccal nerves.
Acupuncture Location: On the face, anterior to the angle of the mandible, in the depression anterior to the masseter attachment, over the facial artery.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Avoid puncturing the artery. Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Daying
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001597
Specific Body Region: facial artery
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001684
General Body Region: UBERON_0001456
Synonym: S 5
Synonym: Stomach 5
Vasculature: Anteriorly, the facial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: facial artery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001456
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001597
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001684
subclass of: TARA_5282844

SI 3
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 89. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 後(后)谿(溪)
Special Point Role: TARA_6705086
Special Point Role: TARA_9493899
Indications: Pain and rigidity of the neck, tinnitus, deafness, sore throat, mania, malaria, acute lumbar sprain, night sweating, febrile diseases, contracture and numbness of the fingers, pain in the shoulder and elbow.
Innervation: The dorsal branch derived from the ulnar nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the little finger, ulnar to the distal phalanx, 0.1 f-cun proximal-medial to the ulnar corner of the little fingernail, at the intersection of the vertical line of ulnar border of the nail and horizontal line of the base of the little fingernail.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9093316
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.7 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Houxi
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004300
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0011277
General Body Region: UBERON_0003625
Synonym: Small Intestine 3
Vasculature: The dorsal digital artery and vein, the dorsal venous network of the hand.
is studied in article: s100720300062
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-199809000-00012
is studied in article: j.0001-6349.2004.0215.x
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01062.x
is studied in article: aim.22.2.60
is studied in article: bmj.322.7302.1574
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3091322
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0011277
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004300
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_1716565
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003625
subclass of: TARA_3452202
subclass of: TARA_6705086
subclass of: TARA_9493899

TE 18
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 166. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 瘈脈(脉)
Indications: Headache, tinnitus, deafness, infantile convulsion.
Innervation: The posterior auricular branch of the great auricular nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, at the centre of the mastoid process, at the junction of the upper two thirds and lower one third of the curved line from tE17 to tE20.
Meridian Membership: TARA_3898257
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch or prick with a three-edged needle to cause bleeding. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Chimai
Pinyin Label: Qimai
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0011220
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: SJ 18
Synonym: San Jiao 18
Synonym: TB 18
Synonym: TH 18
Synonym: TW 18
Synonym: Triple Burner 18
Synonym: Triple Energizer 18
Synonym: Triple Heater 18
Synonym: Triple Warmer 18
Vasculature: The posterior auricular artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0011220
subclass of: TARA_5361067

BL 10
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 104. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 天柱
Indications: Headache, nasal obstruction, sore throat, neck rigidity, pain in the shoulder and back.
Innervation: The great occipital nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the posterior region of the neck, at the same level as the superior border of the spinous process of the second cervical vertebra (C2), in the depression lateral to the trapezius muscle.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.8 inch.
Pinyin Label: Tianzhu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001093
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002380
General Body Region: UBERON_0000974
Synonym: B 10
Synonym: Bladder 10
Synonym: UB 10
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 10
Vasculature: The occipital artery and vein.
is studied in article: s100720300062
is studied in article: s0304-3959(00)00315-8
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2001.00198.x
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-199809000-00012
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2004.00803.x
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01062.x
is studied in article: bmj.322.7302.1574
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.4065/81.6.749
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001093
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000974
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002380
subclass of: TARA_0995552

SI 18
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 96. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 顴(颧)髎(髎)
Indications: Facial paralysis, twitching of eyelids, pain in the face, toothache, swelling of the cheek, yellowish sclera.
Innervation: The facial and infraorbital nerves.
Acupuncture Location: On the face, inferior to the zygomatic bone, in the depression directly inferior to the outer canthus of the eye.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9093316
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.8 inch.
Pinyin Label: Quanliao
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0000019
Specific Body Region: jugal bone
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0006726
General Body Region: UBERON_0001456
Synonym: Small Intestine 18
Vasculature: The branches of the transverse facial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000019
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0006726
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001456
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: jugal bone
subclass of: TARA_3452202

GB 9
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 176. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 天衝(冲)
Indications: Headache, epilepsy, swelling and pain of the gums, convulsion.
Innervation: The branch of the great occipital nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, directly superior to the posterior border of the auricular root, 2 B-cun superior to the hairline. Note: GB9 is 0.5 B-cun posterior to GB8.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch.
Pinyin Label: Tianchong
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004104
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: G 9
Synonym: Gallbladder 9
Vasculature: The posterior auricular artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004104
subclass of: TARA_1926756

GB 6
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 174. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 懸(悬)釐(厘)
Indications: Migraine, pain in the outer canthus, tinnitus, frequent sneezing.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, at the junction of the upper three fourths and lower one fourth of the curved line from St8 to gB7.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Xuanli
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: G 6
Synonym: Gallbladder 6
Vasculature: See Hanyan (GB 4).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: TARA_1926756

GB 42
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 192. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 地五會(会)
Indications: Pain of the canthus, tinnitus, distending pain of the breast, swelling and pain of the dorsum of foot.
Acupuncture Location: On the dorsum of the foot, between the fourth and fifth metatarsal bones, in the depression proximal to the fourth metatarsophalangeal joint.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch.
Pinyin Label: Diwuhui
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003653
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003654
Specific Body Region: metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 4
General Body Region: UBERON_0002387
Synonym: G 42
Synonym: Gallbladder 42
Vasculature: See Foot-Linqi (GB 41).
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-199809000-00012
is studied in article: j.1526-4610.2006.00598.x
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 4
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003653
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003654
subclass of: TARA_1926756

KI 4
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 137. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 大鍾(钟)
Special Point Role: TARA_6993030
Indications: Spitting of blood, asthma, stiffness and pain of the lower back, dysuria, constipation, pain in the heel, dementia.
Innervation: The medial crural cutaneous nerve, on the course of the medial calcaneal ramus derived from the tibial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the medial aspect of the foot, posteroinferior to the medial malleolus, superior to the calcaneus, in the depression anterior to the medial attachment of the calcaneal tendon.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4813389
Pinyin Label: Dazhong
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001450
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003701
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795305
General Body Region: UBERON_0002387
Synonym: K 4
Synonym: Kidney 4
Vasculature: The medial calcaneal branch of the posterior tibial artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003701
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795305
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2162578
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001450
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: TARA_6993030
subclass of: TARA_8866697

CV 7
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 223. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 陰(阴)交
Indications: Abdominal distension, edema, hernia, irregular menstruation
Innervation: The anterior cutaneous branch of the tenth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the lower abdomen, 1 B-cun inferior to the centre of the umbilicus, on the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6789717
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.8-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yinjiao
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795303
Synonym: Conception Vessel 7
Synonym: RN 7
Synonym: Ren 7
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795303
subclass of: TARA_1092703

HT 1
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 82. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 極(极)泉
Indications: Pain in the costal and cardiac regions, scrofula, cold pain of the elbow and arm, dryness of the throat.
Innervation: The ulnar nerve, median nerve and medial brachial cutaneous nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the axilla, in the centre of the axillary fossa, over the axillary artery.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9474009
Acupuncture Method: Avoid puncturing the axillary artery. Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Jiquan
Specific Body Region: axillary artery
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795309
General Body Region: axilla
Synonym: H 1
Synonym: HE 1
Synonym: Heart 1
Vasculature: Laterally, the axillary artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: axilla
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: axillary artery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795309
subclass of: TARA_1194553

GB 29
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 186. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 居髎(髎)
Indications: Pain and numbness in the thigh and lumbar region, paralysis, muscular atrophy of the lower limbs.
Innervation: The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the buttock region, midpoint of the line connecting the anterior superior iliac spine and the prominence of the greater trochanter.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Juliao
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002503
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0013708
General Body Region: UBERON_0013691
Synonym: G 29
Synonym: Gallbladder 29
Vasculature: The branches of the superficial circumflex iliac artery and vein, the ascending branches of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and vein.
is studied in article: aim.19.1.19
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0013708
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002503
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0013691
subclass of: TARA_1926756

CV 12
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 225. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 中脘
Special Point Role: Front-Mu Point of the Stomach
Special Point Role: Influential Point of the Fu Organs
Indications: Stomachache, abdominal distension, borborygmus, nausea, vomiting, acid regurgitation, diarrhea, dysentery, jaundice, indigestion, insomnia.
Innervation: The anterior cutaneous branch of the seventh intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the upper abdomen, 4 B-cun superior to the centre of the umbilicus, on the anterior median line. Note: CV12 is located at the midpoint of the line connecting the xiphisternal junction and the centre of umbilicus.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6789717
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zhongwan
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0011124
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795301
Synonym: Conception Vessel 12
Synonym: Front-Mu Point of the Stomach
Synonym: RN 12
Synonym: Ren 12
Vasculature: The superior epigastric artery and vein.
is studied in article: s100720300062
is studied in article: j.1526-4610.2002.02203.x
is studied in article: bmj.38512.405440.8f
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Influential Point of the Fu Organs Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Front-Mu Point of the Stomach Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0011124
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795301
subclass of: TARA_1092703
subclass of: Front-Mu Point of the Stomach
subclass of: Influential Point of the Fu Organs

BL 64
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 131. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 京骨(骨)
Special Point Role: TARA_1840369
Indications: Headache, neck rigidity, pain in the lower back and thigh, epilepsy.
Acupuncture Location: On the lateral aspect of the foot, distal to the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal bone, at the border between the red and white flesh. Note: The tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal bone is located approximately midway be- tween the heel and the fifth metatarsophalangeal joint.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Jinggu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003654
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007762
General Body Region: UBERON_0002387
Synonym: B 64
Synonym: Bladder 64
Synonym: UB 64
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 64
Vasculature: See Jinmen (BL 63).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3455429
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007762
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003654
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: TARA_0995552
subclass of: TARA_1840369

GB 7
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 175. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 曲鬢(鬓)
Indications: Headache, swelling of the cheek, trismus, pain in the temporal region, infantile convulsion.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, at the junction of the vertical line of the posterior border of the temple hairline and the horizontal line of the apex of the auricle.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Qubin
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001690
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004104
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: G 7
Synonym: Gallbladder 7
Vasculature: See Hanyan (GB 4).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001690
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004104
subclass of: TARA_1926756

BL 54
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 126. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 秩邊(边,辺)
Indications: Pain in the lumbosacral region, muscular atrophy, motor impairment of the lower extremities, dysuria, swelling around external genitalia, hemorrhoids, constipation.
Innervation: The inferior gluteal nerve, the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve and the sciatic nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the buttock region, at the same level as the fourth posterior sacral foramen, 3 B-cun lateral to the median sacral crest. Note: 3 B-cun lateral to the sacral hiatus, at the same level as BL 30.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 1.5-2.0 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zhibian
Specific Body Region: ilx_0741680
Specific Body Region: ilx_0741717
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795316
General Body Region: UBERON_0013691
Synonym: B 54
Synonym: Bladder 54
Synonym: UB 54
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 54
Vasculature: The inferior gluteal artery and vein.
is studied in article: ctim.2001.0442
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0741680
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795316
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0741717
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0013691
subclass of: TARA_0995552

LU 2
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 26. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 雲(云)門(门)
Indications: Cough, asthma, pain in the chest, shoulder and arm, fullness in the chest.
Innervation: The intermediate and lateral supraclavicular nerve, the branches of the anterior thoracic nerve, and the lateral cord of the brachial plexus.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterior thoracic region, in the depression of the infraclavicular fossa, medial to the coracoid process of the scapula, 6 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note 1: After identifying the deltopectoral triangle when the arm is flexed and slightly abducted against resistance, LU2 is in the centre of the deltopectoral triangle. Note 2: ST13, KI27, CV21 and LU2 are located on the transverse line along the inferior border of the clavicle.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9964503
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5-0.8 inch towards the lateral aspect of the chest. To avoid injuring the lung, never puncture deeply towards the medial aspect. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yunmen
Specific Body Region: coracoid process of scapula
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795284
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795286
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: L 2
Synonym: Lung 2
Vasculature: The cephalic vein, the thoracoacromial artery and vein; inferiorly, the axillary artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795286
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795284
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: coracoid process of scapula
subclass of: TARA_1459681

BL 4
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 101. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 曲差
Indications: Headache, nasal obstruction, epistaxis, blurring and failing of vision.
Innervation: The lateral branch of the frontal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, 0.5 B-cun superior to the anterior hairline, 1.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note: At the junction of the medial one third and lateral two thirds of the line connecting gV24 with St8.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Qucha
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795292
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: B 4
Synonym: Bladder 4
Synonym: UB 4
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 4
Vasculature: The frontal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795292
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: TARA_0995552

BL 46
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 122. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 膈關(关,関)
Indications: Dysphagia, hiccup, vomiting, belching, pain and stiffness of the back.
Innervation: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the sixth and seventh thoracic nerves; deeper, their lateral branches.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the seventh thoracic vertebra (T7), 3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line. Note: BL 46, BL17 and GV9 are located at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the seventh thoracic vertebra (T7).
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Geguan
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004632
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: B 46
Synonym: Bladder 46
Synonym: UB 46
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 46
Vasculature: The posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004632
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: TARA_0995552

SI 5
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 90. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 陽(阳)谷
Special Point Role: TARA_7315457
Indications: Swelling of the neck and submandibular region, pain of the hand and wrist, febrile diseases.
Innervation: The dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the posteromedial aspect of the wrist, in the depression between the triquetrum bone and the ulnar styloid process.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9093316
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yanggu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002445
Specific Body Region: styloid process of ulna
General Body Region: UBERON_0004452
Synonym: Small Intestine 5
Vasculature: The posterior carpal artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_1758929
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004452
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002445
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: styloid process of ulna
subclass of: TARA_3452202
subclass of: TARA_7315457

LI 9
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 38. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 上廉
Indications: Aching of the shoulder and arm, motor impairment of the upper limbs, numbness of the hand and arm, borborygmus, abdominal pain.
Acupuncture Location: On the posterolateral aspect of the forearm, on the line connecting LI5 with LI11, 3 B- cun inferior to the cubital crease.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4610474
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Shanglian
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795332
General Body Region: UBERON_0002386
Synonym: Large Intestine 9
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795332
subclass of: TARA_7932600

Pigen
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Hepatosplenomegaly, lumbar pain.
Acupuncture Location: 3.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the first lumbar vertebra.
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.8 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Synonym: EX-B 4
Synonym: M-BW 16
subclass of: TARA_3535998

SI 10
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 92. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 臑兪(俞)
Indications: Swelling of the shoulder, aching and weakness of the shoulder and arm.
Innervation: The posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm, the axillary nerve; deeper, the suprascapular nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the shoulder girdle, superior to the posterior axillary fold, in the depression inferior to the spine of the scapula.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9093316
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Naoshu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004651
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795311
General Body Region: UBERON_0001421
Synonym: Small Intestine 10
Vasculature: The posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein; deeper, the suprascapular artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001421
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004651
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795311
subclass of: TARA_3452202

CV 20
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 229. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 華(华)蓋(盖)
Indications: Pain and fullness in the chest and intercostal region, asthma, cough.
Innervation: The anterior cutaneous branch of the first intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, at the same level as the first intercostal space, on the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6789717
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Huagai
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795283
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: Conception Vessel 20
Synonym: RN 20
Synonym: Ren 20
Vasculature: See Zhongting (CV 16).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795283
subclass of: TARA_1092703

LI 10
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 38. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 手三里
Indications: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, toothache, swelling of the cheek, motor impairment of the upper limbs, pain in the shoulder and back.
Innervation: See Wenliu (LI 7).
Acupuncture Location: On the posterolateral aspect of the forearm, on the line connecting LI5 with LI11, 2 B- cun inferior to the cubital crease.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4610474
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.8-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Shousanli
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795332
General Body Region: UBERON_0002386
Synonym: Large Intestine 10
Vasculature: The branches of the radial recurrent artery and vein.
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/41.2.205
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795332
subclass of: TARA_7932600

LR 5
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 198. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 蠡溝(沟)
Special Point Role: TARA_6993030
Indications: Retention of urine, enuresis, hernia, irregular menstruation, leukorrhea, pruritus valvae, weakness and atrophy of the leg.
Innervation: The branch of the saphenous nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the anteromedial aspect of the leg, at the centre of the medial border (surface) of the tibia, 5 B-cun proximal to the prominence of the medial malleolus. Note: LR5 is located at the same level as the upper two thirds and lower one third of the line connecting the apex of the patella with the prominence of the medial malleolus, at the centre of the medial border (surface) of the tibia, at the same level as KI9.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5419503
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Ligou
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0000979
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002446
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795305
General Body Region: UBERON_0003823
Synonym: LIV 5
Synonym: LV 5
Synonym: Liver 5
Vasculature: Posteriorly, the great saphenous vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795305
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002446
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2162578
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000979
subclass of: TARA_0739106
subclass of: TARA_6993030

LR 13
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 202. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 章門(门)
Special Point Role: Influential Point of Zang Organs
Special Point Role: Front-Mu Point of the Spleen
Indications: Abdominal distension, borborygmus, pain in the hypochondriac region, vomiting, diarrhea, indigestion.
Innervation: Slightly inferiorly, the tenth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the lateral abdomen, inferior to the free extremity of the 11th rib. Note: LR13 can be located while the subject is lying on the side with the shoulder flexed. The free extremity of the 11th rib can be palpated below the inferior border of the costal arch.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5419503
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.8 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zhangmen
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002225
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004610
General Body Region: UBERON_0000916
Synonym: Front-Mu Point of the Spleen
Synonym: Influential Point of Zang Organs
Synonym: LIV 13
Synonym: LV 13
Synonym: Liver 13
Vasculature: The terminal branch of the tenth intercostal artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002225
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Front-Mu Point of the Spleen Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Influential Point of Zang Organs Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000916
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004610
subclass of: TARA_0739106
subclass of: Influential Point of Zang Organs
subclass of: Front-Mu Point of the Spleen

GV 26
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 216. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 水溝(沟)
Innervation: The buccal branch of the facial nerve, and the branch of the intraorbital nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the face, at the midpoint of the philtrum midline. Remarks: Alternative location for GV26 at the junction of the upper one third and lower two thirds of the philtrum midline.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely upward OJ-0.5 inch.
Pinyin Label: Renzhong
Pinyin Label: Shuigou
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0005402
General Body Region: UBERON_0001456
Synonym: Du 26
Synonym: Governor Vessel 26
Vasculature: The superior labial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0005402
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001456
subclass of: TARA_8364824

LU 11
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 31. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 少商
Special Point Role: TARA_2954517
Indications: Sore throat, cough, asthma, epistaxis, fever, loss of consciousness, mania, spasmodic pain of the thumb.
Innervation: The terminal nerve network formed by the mixed branches of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve and the superficial ramus of the radial nerve as well as the palmar digital proprial nerve of the median nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the thumb, radial to the distal phalanx, 0.1 f-cun proximal-lateral to the radial corner of the thumb nail, at the intersection of the vertical line of the radial border and the horizontal line of the base of the thumb nail.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9964503
Acupuncture Method: Puncture 0.1 inch, or prick the point to cause bleeding.
Pinyin Label: Shaoshang
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004300
Specific Body Region: nail of manual digit 1
General Body Region: UBERON_0001463
Synonym: L 11
Synonym: Lung 11
Vasculature: The arterial and venous network formed by the proper palmar digital artery and veins.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: nail of manual digit 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3839815
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004300
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001463
subclass of: TARA_1459681
subclass of: TARA_2954517

LI 4
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 35. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 合谷
Special Point Role: TARA_1840369
Indications: Headache, pain in the neck, redness, swelling and pain of the eye, epistaxis, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, toothache, deafness, swelling of the face, sore throat, parotitis, trismus, facial paralysis, febrile diseases with anhidrosis, hyperhidrosis, abdominal pain, dysentery, constipation, amenorrhea, delayed labour, infantile convulsion, pain, weakness and motor impairment of the upper limbs.
Innervation: The superficial ramus of the radial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the dorsum of the hand, radial to the midpoint of the second metacarpal bone.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4610474
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Hegu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003646
General Body Region: ilx_0794954
Synonym: Large Intestine 4
Vasculature: The venous network of the dorsum of the hand.
is studied in article: archotol.125.5.567
is studied in article: s100720300062
is studied in article: Manual Acupuncture for Analgesia During Electromyography: A Pilot Study
is studied in article: s0304-3959(00)00315-8
is studied in article: The effect of acupuncture on pain and swelling after day case molar teeth extraction under general anaesthesia
is studied in article: j.1365-2044.1999.01030.x
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2001.00198.x
is studied in article: j.1526-4610.2002.02203.x
is studied in article: acm.2005.11.663
is studied in article: Chronic neck pain: a comparison of acupuncture treatment and physiotherapy
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/41.2.205
is studied in article: Acupuncture for episodic tension-type headache: a multicentre randomized controlled trial
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2004.00803.x
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01062.x
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01209.x
is studied in article: Acupuncture reduces pain and active phase duration The effects of acupuncture during labour on nulliparous women: A randomised controlled trial
is studied in article: Electroacupuncture for Tension-type Headache on Distal Acupoints Only: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial
is studied in article: The Short-Term Effects of Acupuncture on Myofascial Pain Patients After Clenching
is studied in article: aim.19.1.19
is studied in article: bmj.38512.405440.8f
is studied in article: Acupuncture Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome A Double-Blind Controlled Study
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1177/0163278704273081
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-7-35
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.4065/81.6.749
is studied in article: Acupuncture and sham acupuncture reduce muscle pain in myofascial pain patients
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003646
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3455429
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0794954
subclass of: TARA_1840369
subclass of: TARA_7932600

BL 25
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 112. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 大腸兪(俞)
Special Point Role: Back-Shu Point of the Large Intestine
Indications: Low back pain, borborygmus, abdominal distension, diarrhea, constipation, muscular atrophy, pain, numbness and motor impairment of the lower extremities, sciatica.
Innervation: The posterior ramus of the third lumbar nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the lumbar region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the fourth lumbar vertebra (L4), 1.5 B- cun lateral to the posterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.8-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Dachangshu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004620
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0005462
Synonym: B 25
Synonym: Back-Shu Point of the Large Intestine
Synonym: Bladder 25
Synonym: UB 25
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 25
Vasculature: The posterior branch of the fourth lumbar artery and vein.
is studied in article: Does acupuncture improve the orthopedic management of chronic low back pain -a randomized, blinded, controlled trial with 3 months follow up
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1089/107555303322284767
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-200311000-00004
is studied in article: j.0001-6349.2004.0215.x
is studied in article: journal.pone.0000919
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Back-Shu Point of the Large Intestine Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0005462
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004620
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: TARA_0995552
subclass of: Back-Shu Point of the Large Intestine

LU 1
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 26. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 中府
Special Point Role: Front-Mu Point of the Lung
Indications: Cough, asthma, pain in the chest, shoulder and back; fullness of the chest.
Innervation: The intermediate supraclavicular nerve, the branches of the anterior thoracic nerve, and the lateral cutaneous branch of the first intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterior thoracic region, at the same level as the first intercostal space, lateral to the infraclavicular fossa, 6 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note 1: After locating LU2, LU1 is located 1 B-cun inferior to LU2. Note 2: ST14, KI26, CV20 and LU1 are located on the transverse line along the first intercostal space.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9964503
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5-0.8 cun towards the lateral aspect of the chest. To avoid injuring the lung, never puncture deeply towards the medial aspect. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zhongfu
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795283
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795284
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: Front-Mu Point of the Lung
Synonym: L 1
Synonym: Lung 1
Vasculature: Superolaterally, the axillary artery and vein, the thoracoacromial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Front-Mu Point of the Lung Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795283
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795284
subclass of: TARA_1459681
subclass of: Front-Mu Point of the Lung

BL 23
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 111. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 腎兪(俞)
Special Point Role: Back-Shu Point of the Kidney
Indications: Nocturnal emission, impotence, enuresis, irregular menstruation, leukorrhea, low back pain, weakness of the knee, blurring of vision, dizziness, tinnitus, deafness, edema, asthma, diarrhea.
Innervation: The lateral branch of the posterior ramus of the first lumbar nerve; deeper, its lateral branch.
Acupuncture Location: In the lumbar region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the second lumbar vertebra (L2), 1.5 B- cun lateral to the posterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 1-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Shenshu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004618
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0005462
Synonym: B 23
Synonym: Back-Shu Point of the Kidney
Synonym: Bladder 23
Synonym: UB 23
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 23
Vasculature: The posterior branches of the second lumbar artery and vein.
is studied in article: Does acupuncture improve the orthopedic management of chronic low back pain -a randomized, blinded, controlled trial with 3 months follow up
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1089/107555303322284767
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-200311000-00004
is studied in article: j.0001-6349.2004.0215.x
is studied in article: journal.pone.0000919
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.4065/81.6.749
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004618
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0005462
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Back-Shu Point of the Kidney Role
subclass of: TARA_0995552
subclass of: Back-Shu Point of the Kidney

GB 12
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 177. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 完骨(骨)
Indications: Headache, insomnia, swelling of the cheek, retroauricular pain, deviation of the eye and mouth, toothache.
Innervation: The lesser occipital nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior region of the neck, in the depression posteroinferior to the mastoid process.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Wangu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0011220
General Body Region: UBERON_0000974
Synonym: G 12
Synonym: Gallbladder 12
Vasculature: The posterior auricular artery and vein.
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-199809000-00012
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0011220
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000974
subclass of: TARA_1926756

SI 7
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 91. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 支正
Special Point Role: TARA_6993030
Indications: Neck rigidity, headache, dizziness, spasmodic pain in the elbow and fingers, febrile diseases, mania.
Innervation: Superficially, the branch of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve; deeper, on the radial side, the posterior interosseous nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the posteromedial aspect of the forearm, between the medial border of the ulnar bone and the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, 5 B-cun proximal to the dorsal wrist crease. Note: 1 B-cun distal to the midpoint of the line connecting SI5 with SI8.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9093316
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.8 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zhizheng
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001424
Specific Body Region: flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795333
General Body Region: UBERON_0002386
Synonym: Small Intestine 7
Vasculature: The terminal branches of the posterior interosseous artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2162578
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001424
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795333
subclass of: TARA_3452202
subclass of: TARA_6993030

SP 21
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 80. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 大包(包)
Special Point Role: Major Luo-Connecting Point of the Spleen
Indications: Pain in the chest and hypochondriac region, asthma, general aching and weakness.
Innervation: The seventh intercostal nerve and the terminal branch of the long thoracic nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the lateral thoracic region, in the sixth intercostal space, on the midaxillary line. Note: With the subject lying on the side and the arm abducted, SP21 is located at the intersection of the midaxillary line and the sixth intercostal space.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4167850
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Dabao
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795307
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795308
General Body Region: ilx_0795306
Synonym: Spleen 21
Vasculature: The thoracodorsal artery and vein, the seventh intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795308
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795306
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795307
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Major Luo-Connecting Point of the Spleen Role
subclass of: Major Luo-Connecting Point of the Spleen
subclass of: TARA_5629511

BL 42
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 120. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 魄户
Indications: Pulmonary tuberculosis, hemoptysis, cough, asthma, neck rigidity, pain in the shoulder and back.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the third thoracic vertebra (T3), 3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line. Note: BL42, BL13 and GV12 are located at the same level as the inferior border of the third thoracic vertebra (T3).
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Pohu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004628
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: B 42
Synonym: Bladder 42
Synonym: UB 42
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 42
Vasculature: The posterior branch of the intercostal artery, the descending branch of the transverse cervical artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004628
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: TARA_0995552

LR 8
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 199. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 曲泉
Special Point Role: TARA_6594221
Indications: Prolapse of uterus, lower abdominal pain, retention of urine, nocturnal emission, pain in the external genitalia, pruritus vulvae, pain in the medial aspect of the knee and thigh.
Innervation: The saphenous.
Acupuncture Location: On the medial aspect of the knee, in the depression medial to the tendons of the semitendinosus and the semimembranosus muscles, at the medial end of the popliteal crease. Note: With the knee flexed, LR8 is located in the depression medial to the most prominent tendon on the medial end of the popliteal crease.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5419503
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.8 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Ququan
Specific Body Region: semimembranosus muscle
Specific Body Region: UBERON_8480009
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795330
General Body Region: UBERON_0001465
Synonym: LIV 8
Synonym: LV 8
Synonym: Liver 8
Vasculature: Anteriorly, the great saphenous vein, on the pathway of the genu su prema artery.
is studied in article: s0140-6736(05)66871-7
is studied in article: Electroacupuncture versus Diclofenac in symptomatic treatment of Osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled trial
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001465
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795330
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_8480009
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_4109407
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: semimembranosus muscle
subclass of: TARA_0739106
subclass of: TARA_6594221

BL 16
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 107. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 督兪(俞)
Innervation: The dorsal scapular nerve, the medial cutaneous branches of the dorsal rami of the sixth and seventh thoracic nerves; deeper, their lateral branches.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, level with the inferior border of the spinous process of the sixth thoracic vertebra (T6), 1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5-0.7 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Dushu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004631
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: B 16
Synonym: Bladder 16
Synonym: UB 16
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 16
Vasculature: The medial branches of the posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein, the descending branch of the transverse cervical artery.
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-199809000-00012
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004631
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: TARA_0995552

BL 17
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 108. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 膈兪(俞)
Special Point Role: Influential Point of Blood
Indications: Vomiting, hiccup, belching, difficulty in swallowing, asthma, cough, spitting of blood, afternoon fever, night sweating, measles.
Innervation: The medial branches of the posterior rami of the seventh and eighth thoracic nerves; deeper, their lateral branches.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the seventh thoracic vertebra (T7), 1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line. Note: The inferior angle of the scapula is at the same level as the spinous process of the seventh thoracic vertebra.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5-0.7 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Geshu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004632
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0006849
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: B 17
Synonym: Bladder 17
Synonym: Influential Point of Blood
Synonym: UB 17
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 17
Vasculature: The medial branches of the posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004632
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Influential Point of Blood Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0006849
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: TARA_0995552
subclass of: Influential Point of Blood

LR 9
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 200. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 陰(阴)包(包)
Indications: Pain in the lumbosacral region, lower abdominal pain, enuresis, retention of urine, irregular menstruation.
Innervation: The anterior femoral cutaneous nerve, on the pathway of the anterior branch of the obturator nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the medial aspect of the thigh, between the gracilis and the sartorius muscles, 4 B- cun proximal to the base of the patella. Note: With the hip slightly flexed and ab- ducted and with the muscle under tension, the sartorius muscle becomes more distinct. Lr 9 is located posterior to the sartorius muscle.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5419503
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.7 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yinbao
Specific Body Region: gracilis
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001373
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002446
General Body Region: UBERON_0000376
Synonym: LIV 9
Synonym: LV 9
Synonym: Liver 9
Vasculature: Deeper, on the lateral side, the femoral artery and vein, the superficial branch of the medial circumflex femoral artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001373
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002446
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000376
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: gracilis
subclass of: TARA_0739106

GB 36
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 189. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 外丘(邱)
Special Point Role: TARA_4598552
Indications: Pain in the neck, chest, thigh and hypochondriac region, rabies.
Innervation: The superficial peroneal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the fibular aspect of the leg, anterior to the fibula, 7 B-cun proximal to the prominence of the lateral malleolus. Note: GB36 is located 1 B-cun distal to the midpoint of the line connecting the prominence of the lateral malleolus and the lateral end of the popliteal crease, anterior to GB35.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.8 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Waiqiu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001446
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0012291
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795330
General Body Region: UBERON_0003823
Synonym: G 36
Synonym: Gallbladder 36
Vasculature: The branches of the anterior tibial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795330
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001446
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0012291
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2798650
subclass of: TARA_1926756
subclass of: TARA_4598552

SI 4
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 89. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 腕骨(骨)
Special Point Role: TARA_1840369
Indications: Febrile diseases with anhidrosis, headache, rigidity of the neck, contracture of the fingers, pain in the wrist, jaundice.
Innervation: The dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the posteromedial aspect of the wrist, in the depression between the base of the fifth metacarpal bone and the triquetrum bone, at the border between the red and white flesh. Note: With one finger placed on SI3, push and slide proximally along the fifth metacarpal bone to the bony projection, SI4 is located in the depression between these two bones.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9093316
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Wangu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002445
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003649
General Body Region: UBERON_0004452
Synonym: Small Intestine 4
Vasculature: The posterior carpal artery (the branch of the ulnar artery), the dorsal venous network of the hand.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3455429
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003649
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002445
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004452
subclass of: TARA_1840369
subclass of: TARA_3452202

CV 5
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 222. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 石門(门)
Special Point Role: Front-Mu Point of Triple Energizer
Indications: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, edema, hernia, anuria, enuresis, amenorrhea, morbid leukorrhea, uterine bleeding, postpartum hemorrhage.
Innervation: The anterior cutaneous branch of the eleventh intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the lower abdomen, 2 B-cun inferior to the centre of the umbilicus, on the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6789717
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Shimen
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795303
Synonym: Conception Vessel 5
Synonym: Front-Mu Point of Triple Energizer
Synonym: RN 5
Synonym: Ren 5
Vasculature: See Zhongji (CV 3).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795303
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Front-Mu Point of Triple Energizer Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: TARA_1092703
subclass of: Front-Mu Point of Triple Energizer

SP 17
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 78. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 食竇(窦)
Indications: Fullness and pain in the chest and hypochondriac region.
Innervation: The lateral cutaneous branch of the fifth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, in the fifth intercostal space, 6 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note: SP17, ST18 and KI22 are located along the curve of the fifth intercostal space.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4167850
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Shidou
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795299
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: Spleen 17
Vasculature: The thoracoepigastric vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795299
subclass of: TARA_5629511

BL 50
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 124. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 胃倉(仓)
Indications: Abdominal distension, pain in the epigastric region and back, infantile indigestion.
Innervation: The lateral cutaneous branches of the posterior ramus of the eleventh thoracic nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the 12th thoracic vertebra (T12), 3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line. Note: BL50 and BL21 are located at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the 12th thoracic vertebra (T12).
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Weicang
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004636
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: B 50
Synonym: Bladder 50
Synonym: UB 50
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 50
Vasculature: The posterior branches of the subcostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004636
subclass of: TARA_0995552

ST 24
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 57. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 滑(滑)肉門(门)
Indications: Gastric pain, vomiting, mania.
Innervation: The branch of the ninth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the upper abdomen, 1 B-cun superior to the centre of the umbilicus, 2 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note: ST24 is at the same level and lateral to CV9.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Pinyin Label: Huaroumen
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795301
Synonym: S 24
Synonym: Stomach 24
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795301
subclass of: TARA_5282844

Zhongquan
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Stuffy chest, gastric pain, spitting of blood.
Acupuncture Location: On the dorsal crease of the wrist, in the depression on the radial side of the tendon of common extensor muscle of fingers between Yangxi (Ll 5) and Yangchi (TE 4).
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Synonym: EX-UE 3
Synonym: M-UE 33
subclass of: TARA_3535998

LI 16
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 41. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 巨骨(骨)
Indications: Pain and motor impairment of the upper extremities, pain in the shoulder and back.
Innervation: Superficially, the lateral supraclavicular nerve, the branch of the accessory nerve; deeper, the suprascapular nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the shoulder girdle, in the depression between the acromial end of the clavicle and the spine of the scapula. Note: In the depression between the two bones lateral to the suprascapular fossa.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4610474
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.7 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Jugu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001105
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0006849
Specific Body Region: suprascapular fossa
General Body Region: UBERON_0001421
Synonym: Large Intestine 16
Vasculature: Deeper, the suprascapular artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001105
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: suprascapular fossa
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0006849
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001421
subclass of: TARA_7932600

HT 5
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 84. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 通(通)里
Special Point Role: TARA_6993030
Indications: Palpitation, dizziness, blurring of vision, sore throat, sudden loss of voice, aphasia with stiffness of the tongue, pain in the wrist and elbow.
Acupuncture Location: On the anteromedial aspect of the forearm, radial to the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon, 1 B-cun proximal to the palmar wrist crease. Note 1: 1 B-cun proximal to HT7. HT 4 is located at the level with the root of the head of the ulna, HT 5, the body of the head of the ulna and Ht 6, the base of the head of the ulna. Note 2: 1 B-cun proximal to the radial side of the proximal border of the pisiform bone.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9474009
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Tongli
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001424
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001429
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795334
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795501
General Body Region: UBERON_0002386
Synonym: H 5
Synonym: HE 5
Synonym: Heart 5
Vasculature: See Lingdao (HT 4)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2162578
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795501
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001429
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795334
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001424
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: TARA_1194553
subclass of: TARA_6993030

GB 17
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 180. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 正營(营,営)
Indications: Migraine, vertigo.
Innervation: The anastomotic branch of the frontal and great occipital nerves.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, 2.5 B-cun within the anterior hairline, directly superior to the centre of the pupil. Note: GB17 is 2 B-cun superior to GB15.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0‚Ä¢.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zhengying
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001771
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795292
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: G 17
Synonym: Gallbladder 17
Vasculature: The anastomotic plexus formed by the parietal branches of the superficial temporal artery and vein and the occipital artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001771
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795292
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: TARA_1926756

KI 18
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 144. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 石關(关,関)
Indications: Vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation, postpartum abdominal pain, sterility.
Innervation: The eighth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the upper abdomen, 3 B-cun superior to the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4813389
Pinyin Label: Shiguan
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795301
Synonym: K 18
Synonym: Kidney 18
Vasculature: The branches of the superior epigastric artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795301
subclass of: TARA_8866697

LR 14 (Male)
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 202. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Hypochondriac pain, abdominal distension, hiccup, acid regurgitation, mastitis, depression, febrile diseases.
Innervation: The sixth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, in the sixth intercostal space, 4 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note: LR 14 is inferior to the centre of the nipple, 2 B-cun lateral to ST 19. In females, LR 14 is located at the intersection of the midclavicular line and the sixth intercostal space.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5419503
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Qimen
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002030
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795307
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: Front-Mu Point of the Liver
Synonym: LIV 14
Synonym: LV 14
Synonym: Liver 14
Vasculature: The sixth intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795307
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002030
subclass of: LR 14

Erbai
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Hemorrhoids, prolapse of the rectum.
Acupuncture Location: On the metacarpal aspect of the forearm, 4 cun above the transverse wrist crease, on the both sides of the tendon of m. flexor carpi radialis, two points on one hand.
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5- 1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Synonym: EX-UE 2
Synonym: M-UE 29
subclass of: TARA_3535998

LR 11
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 201. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 陰(阴)廉
Indications: Irregular menstruation, leukorrhea, lower abdominal pain, pain in the thigh and leg.
Innervation: The genitofemoral nerve, the branch of the medial femoral cutaneous nerve; deeper, the anterior branch of the obturator nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the medial aspect of the thigh, 2 B-cun distal to St30. Note: LR11 is located lateral to the ad- ductor longus muscle. When the thigh is adducted against resistance with the hip slightly flexed and abducted, the knee flexed, the adductor longus muscle becomes more distinct.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5419503
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yinlian
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0000303
General Body Region: UBERON_0000376
Synonym: LIV 11
Synonym: LV 11
Synonym: Liver 11
Vasculature: The branches of the medial circumflex femoral artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000303
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000376
subclass of: TARA_0739106

GB 16
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 179. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 目窗(窓)
Indications: Headache, vertigo, red and painful eyes, nasal obstruction.
Innervation: The anastomotic branch of the medial and lateral branches of the frontal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, 1.5 B-cun within the anterior hairline, directly superior to the centre of the pupil. Note: GB16 is 1 B-cun superior to GB15.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Muchuang
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001771
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795292
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: G 16
Synonym: Gallbladder 16
Vasculature: The frontal branches of the superficial temporal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795292
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001771
subclass of: TARA_1926756

Jiachengjiang
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Pain in the face, deviation of the eyes and mouth, spasm of facial muscle.
Acupuncture Location: 1 cun lateral to Chengjiang (CV 24).
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5-1.0 inch..
Synonym: M-HN 18
subclass of: TARA_3535998

LU 5
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 28. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 尺澤(泽,沢)
Special Point Role: TARA_6594221
Indications: Cough, hemoptysis, afternoon fever, asthma, sore throat, fullness in the chest, infantile convulsions, spasmodic pain of the elbow and arm, mastitis.
Innervation: The lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve and the radial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterior aspect of the elbow, at the cubital crease, in the depression lateral to the biceps brachii tendon. Note: With the elbow flexed, LU5 is located at the cubital crease, between LI11 and PC3, separated from PC3 by the biceps brachii tendon.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9964503
Acupuncture Method: puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1 inch.
Pinyin Label: Chize
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0008188
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795332
General Body Region: UBERON_0001461
Synonym: L 5
Synonym: Lung 5
Vasculature: The branches of the radial recurrent artery and vein, the cephalic vein.
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/41.2.205
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01062.x
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_4109407
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795332
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008188
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001461
subclass of: TARA_1459681
subclass of: TARA_6594221

ST 4
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 47. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 地倉(仓)
Indications: Deviation of the mouth, hypersalivation, eyelid twitching.
Innervation: Superficially, the branches of the facial and infraorbital nerves; deeper, the terminal branch of the buccal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the face, 0.4 f-cun lateral to the angle of the mouth. Note: Lateral to the angle of the mouth, the point is located in the nasolabial sulcus or on the continuation of the nasolabial sulcus.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Pinyin Label: Dicang
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0000165
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795290
General Body Region: UBERON_0001456
Synonym: S 4
Synonym: Stomach 4
Vasculature: The facial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000165
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001456
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795290
subclass of: TARA_5282844

CV 21
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 230. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 璇璣(玑)
Indications: Pain in the chest, cough, asthma.
Innervation: The anterior branch of the supraclavicular nerve and the anterior cutaneous branch of the first intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, 1 B-cun inferior to the suprasternal fossa, on the anterior median line. Note: CV21 is located 1 B-cun inferior to CV22.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6789717
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Xuanji
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795331
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: Conception Vessel 21
Synonym: RN 21
Synonym: Ren 21
Vasculature: See Zhongting (CV 16).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795331
subclass of: TARA_1092703

ST 27
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 59. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 大巨
Indications: Lower abdominal distension, dysuria, hernia, seminal emission, premature ejaculation.
Innervation: The eleventh intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the lower abdomen, 2 B-cun inferior to the centre of the umbilicus, 2 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note: ST27 is at the same level and lateral to KI14 and CV5.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.7-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Daju
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795303
Synonym: S 27
Synonym: Stomach 27
Vasculature: The branches of the eleventh intercostal artery and vein; laterally, the inferior epigastric artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795303
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: TARA_5282844

BL 1
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 100. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 睛(睛)明
Indications: Redness, swelling and pain of the eye, itching of the canthus, lacrimation, night blindness, color blindness, blurring of vision, myopia.
Innervation: Superficially, the supratrochlear and infratrochlear nerves; deeper, the branches of the oculomotor nerve, the ophthalmic nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the face, in the depression between the superomedial parts of the inner canthus of the eye and the medial wall of the orbit. Note: When the eye is closed, BL1 is located in the depression 0.1 B-cun superior and medial to the inner canthus of the eye.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Ask the patient to close his eyes when pushing gently the eyeball to the lateral side. Puncture slowly perpendicularly 0.3-0.7 inch along the orbital wall. It is not advisable to twist of lift and thrust the needle vigorously. To avoid bleeding, press the puncturing site for a few seconds after withdrawal of the needle. Moxibustion is forbidden.
Pinyin Label: Jingming
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0000019
Specific Body Region: orbital cavity
Specific Body Region: inner canthus
General Body Region: UBERON_0001456
Synonym: B 1
Synonym: Bladder 1
Synonym: UB 1
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 1
Vasculature: The angular artery and vein, deeper, superiorly, the ophthalmic artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: orbital cavity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001456
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000019
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: inner canthus
subclass of: TARA_0995552

BL 34
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 116. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 下髎(髎)
Indications: Low back pain, lower abdominal pain, dysuria, constipation, morbid leukorrhea.
Innervation: On the course of the posterior ramus of the fourth sacral nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the sacral region, in the fourth posterior sacral foramen. Note: The fourth posterior sacral foramen is located in the second depression, moving downward from BL32, at the same level as the sacral hiatus.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.8-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Xialiao
Specific Body Region: ilx_0741717
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795316
General Body Region: UBERON_0005473
Synonym: B 34
Synonym: Bladder 34
Synonym: UB 34
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 34
Vasculature: The branches of the inferior gluteal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0741717
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795316
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0005473
subclass of: TARA_0995552

BL 6
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 102. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 承光
Indications: Headache, blurring of vision, nasal obstruction.
Innervation: The anastomotic branch of the lateral branch of the frontal nerve and the great occipital nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, 2.5 B-cun superior to the anterior hairline, 1.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note: 1.5 B-cun superior to BL5. 2 B-cun superior to BL4
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch.
Pinyin Label: Chengguang
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795292
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: B 6
Synonym: Bladder 6
Synonym: UB 6
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 6
Vasculature: The anastomotic network of the frontal artery and vein, the superficial temporal artery and vein, the occipital artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795292
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: TARA_0995552

TE 4
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 159. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 陽(阳)池
Special Point Role: TARA_1840369
Indications: Pain in the arm, shoulder and wrist, malaria, deafness, thirst.
Innervation: The terminal branch of the posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve and the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the posterior aspect of the wrist, in the depression ulnar to the extensor digitorum tendon, on the dorsal wrist crease. Note 1: TE4 can be palpated when moving proximally along the gap between the fifth and fourth metacarpal bones, at the same level as LI5 and SI5. Note 2: When the wrist is extended against resistance, the extensor digitorum tendon can be palpated more easily.
Meridian Membership: TARA_3898257
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yangchi
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003648
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003649
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795333
Specific Body Region: tendon of extensor digitorum
General Body Region: UBERON_0004452
Synonym: SJ 4
Synonym: San Jiao 4
Synonym: TB 4
Synonym: TH 4
Synonym: TW 4
Synonym: Triple Burner 4
Synonym: Triple Energizer 4
Synonym: Triple Heater 4
Synonym: Triple Warmer 4
Vasculature: The dorsal venous network of the wrist and the posterior carpal artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004452
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003649
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: tendon of extensor digitorum
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3455429
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795333
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003648
subclass of: TARA_1840369
subclass of: TARA_5361067

BL 62
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 130. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 申脈(脉)
Special Point Role: TARA_9493899
Indications: Epilepsy, mania, headache, dizziness, insomnia, backache, aching of the leg.
Innervation: The sural nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the lateral aspect of the foot, directly inferior to the prominence of the lateral malleolus, in the depression between the inferior border of the lateral malleolus and the calcaneus. Note: BL62 is located in the depression distal to the inferior border of the lateral malleolus. the corresponding medial acupuncture point to BL 62 is KI6.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Shenmai
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001450
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0012291
General Body Region: UBERON_0002387
Synonym: B 62
Synonym: Bladder 62
Synonym: UB 62
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 62
Vasculature: The external malleolar arterial network.
is studied in article: s0140-6736(05)66871-7
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-199809000-00012
is studied in article: aim.22.2.60
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001450
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0012291
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3091322
subclass of: TARA_0995552
subclass of: TARA_9493899

BL 3
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 101. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 眉衝(冲)
Indications: Headache, giddiness, epilepsy, nasal obstruction.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, superior to the frontal notch, 0.5 B-cun superior to the anterior hairline. Note: Midway between GV24 and BL4.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch.
Pinyin Label: Meichong
Specific Body Region: ilx_0741726
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795292
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: B 3
Synonym: Bladder 3
Synonym: UB 3
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 3
Vasculature: See Zanzhu (BL 2).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795292
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0741726
subclass of: TARA_0995552

ST 21
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 56. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 梁門(门)
Indications: Gastric pain, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal distension, diarrhea.
Innervation: The branch of the eighth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the upper abdomen, 4 B-cun superior to the centre of the umbilicus, 2 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note: ST21 is 4 B-cun superior to ST25, 1 B-cun inferior to St20, 2 B-cun lateral to CV12.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.8-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Liangmen
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795301
Synonym: S 21
Synonym: Stomach 21
Vasculature: The branches of the eighth intercostal and superior epigastric arteries and veins.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795301
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: TARA_5282844

ST 10
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 50. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 水突
Indications: Sore throat, asthma, cough.
Innervation: Superficially, the cutaneous cervical nerve; deeper, the superior cardiac nerve issued from the sympathetic nerve and the sympathetic trunk.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior region of the neck, at the same level as the cricoid cartilage, just anterior to the border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Shuitu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001128
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002375
General Body Region: UBERON_0000974
Synonym: S 10
Synonym: Stomach 10
Vasculature: The common carotid artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000974
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002375
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001128
subclass of: TARA_5282844

GV 5
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 206. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 懸(悬)樞(枢)
Indications: Pain and stiffness of the lower back, diarrhea, indigestion.
Acupuncture Location: In the lumbar region, in the depression inferior to the spinous process of the first lumbar vertebra (L1), on the posterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Xuanshu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004617
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0005462
Synonym: Du 5
Synonym: Governor Vessel 5
Vasculature: See Yaoyangguan (GY 3).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004617
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0005462
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: TARA_8364824

TE 8
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 161. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 三陽(阳)絡(络)
Indications: Deafness, sudden hoarseness of voice, pain in the chest and hypochondriac region, pain in the hand and arm, toothache.
Acupuncture Location: On the posterior aspect of the forearm, midpoint of the interosseous space between the radius and the ulna, 4 B-cun proximal to the dorsal wrist crease. Note: At the junction of the upper two thirds and lower one third of the line connecting tE4 with the tip of the elbow.
Meridian Membership: TARA_3898257
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Sanyangluo
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001423
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001424
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001461
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795333
General Body Region: UBERON_0002386
Synonym: SJ 8
Synonym: San Jiao 8
Synonym: TB 8
Synonym: TH 8
Synonym: TW 8
Synonym: Triple Burner 8
Synonym: Triple Energizer 8
Synonym: Triple Heater 8
Synonym: Triple Warmer 8
Vasculature: See Huizong (TE 7).
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-199809000-00012
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001423
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001461
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795333
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001424
subclass of: TARA_5361067

TE 22
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 168. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 耳和髎(髎)
Indications: Migraine, tinnitus, lockjaw.
Innervation: The branch of the auriculotemporal nerve, on the course of the temporal branch of the facial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, posterior to the temple hairline, anterior to the auricular root, posterior to the superficial temporal artery.
Meridian Membership: TARA_3898257
Acupuncture Method: Avoid puncturing the artery, puncture obliquely 0.1-0.3 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Erheliao
Specific Body Region: superficial temporal artery
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004104
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: SJ 22
Synonym: San Jiao 22
Synonym: TB 22
Synonym: TH 22
Synonym: TW 22
Synonym: Triple Burner 22
Synonym: Triple Energizer 22
Synonym: Triple Heater 22
Synonym: Triple Warmer 22
Vasculature: The superficial temporal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004104
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: superficial temporal artery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: TARA_5361067

BL 47
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 123. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 魂門(门)
Indications: Pain in the chest and hypochondriac region, back pain, vomiting, diarrhea.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the ninth thoracic vertebra (T9), 3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line. Note: BL47, BL18 and GV8 are located at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the ninth thoracic vertebra (T9).
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Hunmen
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004633
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: B 47
Synonym: Bladder 47
Synonym: UB 47
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 47
Vasculature: The posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein. Innervation: The lateral cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the seventh and eighth thoracic nerves.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004633
subclass of: TARA_0995552

SI 19
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 97. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 聽(听,聴)宮(宫)
Indications: Deafness, tinnitus, otorrhea, motor impairment of the mandibular joint, toothache.
Innervation: The branch of the facial nerve, the auriculotemporal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the face, in the depression between the anterior border of the centre of the tragus and the posterior border of the condylar process of the mandible. Note: When the mouth is slightly opened, SI19 is located in the depression anterior to the centre of the tragus, between tE21 and gB2.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9093316
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch when the mouth is open. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Tinggong
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004657
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0010887
General Body Region: UBERON_0001456
Synonym: Small Intestine 19
Vasculature: The auricular branches of the superficial temporal artery and vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0010887
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001456
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004657
subclass of: TARA_3452202

CV 10
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 224. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 下脘
Indications: Epigastric pain, abdominal pain, borborygmus, indigestion, vomiting, diarrhea.
Innervation: The anterior cutaneous branch of the eighth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the upper abdomen, 2 B-cun superior to the centre of the umbilicus, on the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6789717
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Xiawan
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795301
Synonym: Conception Vessel 10
Synonym: RN 10
Synonym: Ren 10
Vasculature: See Shenque (CV 8).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795301
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: TARA_1092703

GB 25
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 184. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 京門(门)
Special Point Role: Front-Mu Point of the Kidney
Indications: Abdominal distension, borborygmus, diarrhea, pain in the lumbar and hypochondriac region.
Innervation: The eleventh intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the lateral abdomen, inferior to the free extremity of the 12th rib. Note: GB 25 can be located while the subject is lying on the side with the shoulder flexed. The free extremity of the 12th rib can be palpated below the inferior border of the costal arch posterior to the posterior axillary line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Jingmen
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002225
Specific Body Region: rib 12
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795323
General Body Region: UBERON_0000916
Synonym: Front-Mu Point of the Kidney
Synonym: G 25
Synonym: Gallbladder 25
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: rib 12
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Front-Mu Point of the Kidney Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002225
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795323
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000916
subclass of: TARA_1926756
subclass of: Front-Mu Point of the Kidney

ST 13
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 52. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 氣(气,気)戶
Indications: Fullness in the chest, asthma, cough, hiccup, chest pain and hypochondriac pain.
Innervation: The branches of the supraclavicular nerve and the anterior thoracic nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, inferior to the clavicle, 4 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Pinyin Label: Qihu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001105
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: S 13
Synonym: Stomach 13
Vasculature: The branches of the thoracoacromial artery and thoracoacromial vein; superiorly, the subclavicular vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001105
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: TARA_5282844

BL 11
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 105. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 大杼
Special Point Role: Influential Point of Bone
Indications: Headache, pain in the neck and back, pain and soreness in the scapular region, cough, fever, neck rigidity.
Innervation: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the first and second thoracic nerves; deeper, their lateral cutaneous branches.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra (T1), 1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5-0.7 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Dazhu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004626
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: B 11
Synonym: Bladder 11
Synonym: Influential Point of Bone
Synonym: UB 11
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 11
Vasculature: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-199809000-00012
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.4065/81.6.749
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004626
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Influential Point of Bone Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: TARA_0995552
subclass of: Influential Point of Bone

SP 14
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 76. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 腹結(结)
Indications: Pain around the umbilical region, abdominal distension, hernia, diarrhea, constipation.
Innervation: The eleventh intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the lower abdomen, 1.3 B-cun inferior to the centre of the umbilicus, 4 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4167850
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Fujie
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795303
Synonym: Spleen 14
Vasculature: The eleventh intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795303
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: TARA_5629511

LR 10
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 200. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 足五里
Indications: Lower abdominal distension and fullness, retention of urine.
Innervation: The genitofemoral nerve, the anterior femoral cutaneous nerve; deeper, the anterior branch of the obturator nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the medial aspect of the thigh, 3 B-cun distal to St30, over the artery.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5419503
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zuwuli
General Body Region: UBERON_0000376
Synonym: LIV 10
Synonym: LV 10
Synonym: Liver 10
Vasculature: The superficial branches of the medial circumflex femoral artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000376
subclass of: TARA_0739106

ST 12
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 51. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 缺盆
Indications: Cough, asthma, sore throat, pain in the supraclavicular fossa.
Innervation: Superficially, the intermediate supraclavicular nerve; deeper, the supraclavicular portion of brachial plexus.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior region of the neck, in the greater supraclavicular fossa, 4 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line, in the depression superior to the clavicle.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Avoid puncturing the artery. Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch.
Pinyin Label: Quepen
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001105
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795294
General Body Region: UBERON_0000974
Synonym: L 15
Synonym: Stomach 15
Vasculature: Superiorly, the transverse cervical artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795294
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001105
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000974
subclass of: TARA_5282844

Shixuan
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Apoplexy, coma, epilepsy, high fever, acute tonsillitis, infantile convulsion, numbness of the finger tips.
Acupuncture Location: On the tips of the ten fingers, about 0.1 cun distal to the nails.
Acupuncture Method: Puncture 0.1-0.2 inch superficially, or prick to cause bleeding.
Synonym: EX-UE 11
Synonym: M-UE 1
subclass of: TARA_3535998

KI 26
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 148. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 彧中
Indications: Cough, asthma, accumulation of phlegm, fullness in the chest and hypochondriac region.
Innervation: The anterior cutaneous branch of the first intercostal nerve, the medial supraclavicular nerve; the first intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, in the first intercostal space, 2 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4813389
Pinyin Label: Yuzhong
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795283
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: K 26
Synonym: Kidney 26
Vasculature: The first intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795283
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: TARA_8866697

KI 6
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 138. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 照海(海)
Special Point Role: TARA_9493899
Indications: Irregular menstruation, morbid leukorrhea, prolapse of uterus, pruritus vulvae, frequency of micturition, retention of urine, constipation, epilepsy, insomnia, sore throat, asthma.
Innervation: The medial crural cutaneous nerve; deeper, the tibial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the medial aspect of the foot, 1 B-cun inferior to the prominence of the medial malleolus, in the depression inferior to the medial malleolus. Note: The corresponding lateral point to KI6 is BL62.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4813389
Pinyin Label: Zhaohai
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795305
General Body Region: UBERON_0002387
Synonym: K 6
Synonym: Kidney 6
Vasculature: Posteriorly, the posterior tibial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3091322
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795305
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: TARA_8866697
subclass of: TARA_9493899

GB 10
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 176. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: (浮)白
Indications: Headache, tinnitus, deafness.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, posterosuperior to the mastoid process, at the junction of the upper one third and lower two thirds of the curved line from gB9 to gB12. Note: Posterior to the auricular apex, 1 B-cun superior to the hairline.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Fubai
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001690
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004104
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0011220
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: G 10
Synonym: Gallbladder 10
Vasculature: See Tianchong (GB 9)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004104
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0011220
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001690
subclass of: TARA_1926756

LR 1
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 196. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 大敦
Special Point Role: TARA_2954517
Indications: Hernia, enuresis, uterine bleeding, prolapse of the uterus, epilepsy.
Innervation: The dorsal digital nerve derived from the deep peroneal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the great toe, lateral to the distal phalanx, 0.1 f-cun proximal to the lateral corner of the toenail, at the intersection of the vertical line of the lateral side of the nail and the horizontal line of the base of the toenail.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5419503
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.1-0.2 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Dadun
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004300
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0009567
General Body Region: UBERON_0003631
Synonym: LIV 1
Synonym: LV 1
Synonym: Liver 1
Vasculature: The dorsal digital artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0009567
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004300
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3839815
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003631
subclass of: TARA_0739106
subclass of: TARA_2954517

GV 22
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 214. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 顖(囟)會(会)
Indications: Headache, blurring of vision, rhinorrhea, infantile convulsIon.
Innervation: The branch of the frontal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, 2 B-cun superior to the anterior hairline, on the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. This point is prohibited in infants with metopism. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Xinhui
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795292
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: Du 22
Synonym: Governor Vessel 22
Vasculature: The anastomotic network formed by the right and left superficial tempor-al artery and vein and the frontal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795292
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: TARA_8364824

BL 39
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 119. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 委陽(阳)
Special Point Role: Lower He-Sea Point of Triple Energizer
Indications: Stiffness and pain of the lower back, distension and fullness of the lower abdomen, edema, dysuria, cramp of the leg and foot.
Acupuncture Location: On the posterolateral aspect of the knee, just medial to the biceps femoris tendon in the popliteal crease. Note: The biceps femoris tendon is more prominent when the knee is slightly flexed.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Weiyang
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795317
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795330
General Body Region: UBERON_0001465
Synonym: B 39
Synonym: Bladder 39
Synonym: Lower He-Sea Point of Triple Energizer
Synonym: UB 39
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 39
Vasculature: See Fuxi (BL 38)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795317
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Lower He-Sea Point of Triple Energizer Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795330
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001465
subclass of: TARA_0995552
subclass of: Lower He-Sea Point of Triple Energizer

SI 9
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 92. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 肩貞(贞)
Indications: Pain in the scapular region, motor impairment of the hand and arm.
Innervation: The branch of the axillary nerve; deeper in the superior aspect, the radial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the shoulder girdle, posteroinferior to the shoulder joint, 1 B-cun superior to the posterior axillary fold. Note: When the arm is adducted, SI 9 is located 1 B-cun superior to the posterior axillary fold, posterior to the deltoid muscle.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9093316
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Jianzhen
Specific Body Region: glenohumeral joint
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001476
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795311
General Body Region: UBERON_0001421
Synonym: Small Intestine 9
Vasculature: The circumflex scapular artery and vein.
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-199809000-00012
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001476
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: glenohumeral joint
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001421
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795311
subclass of: TARA_3452202

LI 17
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 42. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 天鼎
Indications: Sudden loss of voice, sore throat, scrofula, goiter.
Innervation: Superficially, the supraclavicular nerve. It is on the posterior border of m. sternocleido- mastoideus just where the cutaneous cervical nerve emerges. Deeper, the phrenic nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterior aspect of the neck, at the same level as the cricoid cartilage, just posterior to the border of the sternocleido- mastoid muscle. Note: Directly inferior to LI18, at the same level as St10.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4610474
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Tianding
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001128
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002375
General Body Region: UBERON_0000974
Synonym: Large Intestine 17
Vasculature: The external jugular vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000974
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002375
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001128
subclass of: TARA_7932600

ST 45
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 68. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 厲(厉)兌(兑)
Special Point Role: TARA_2954517
Indications: Facial swelling, deviation of the mouth, epistaxis, toothache, sore throat and hoarse voice, abdominal distension, coldness in the leg and foot, febrile diseases, dream-disturbed sleep, mania.
Innervation: The dorsal digital nerve derived from the superficial peroneal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the second toe, lateral to the distal phalanx, 0.1 f-cun proximal-lateral to the lateral corner of the second toenail, at the intersection of the vertical line of the lateral border and the horizontal line of the base of the second toenail.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.1 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Lidui
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004300
Specific Body Region: nail of pedal digit 2
General Body Region: UBERON_0003632
Synonym: S 45
Synonym: Stomach 45
Vasculature: The arterial and venous network formed by the dorsal digital artery and vein of foot.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003632
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004300
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: nail of pedal digit 2
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3839815
subclass of: TARA_2954517
subclass of: TARA_5282844

GB 20
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 181. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 風(风)池
Indications: Headache, vertigo, insomnia, pain and stiffness of the neck, blurred vision, glaucoma, red and painful eyes, tinnitus, convulsion, epilepsy, infantile convulsion, febrile diseases, common cold, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea.
Innervation: The branch of the lesser occipital nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior region of the neck, inferior to the occipital bone, in the depression between the origins of sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius muscles. Note: GB20 is at the same level as GV16.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture 0.5-0.8 inch towards the tip of the nose. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Fengchi
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001128
Specific Body Region: occipital bone
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002380
General Body Region: UBERON_0000974
Synonym: G 20
Synonym: Gallbladder 20
Vasculature: The branches of the occipital artery and vein.
is studied in article: s100720300062
is studied in article: s0304-3959(00)00315-8
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2001.00198.x
is studied in article: j.1526-4610.2002.02203.x
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-199809000-00012
is studied in article: Acupuncture for episodic tension-type headache: a multicentre randomized controlled trial
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2004.00803.x
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01062.x
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01209.x
is studied in article: j.1526-4610.2006.00598.x
is studied in article: bmj.322.7302.1574
is studied in article: Acupuncture for chronic neck pain: a pilot for a randomised controlled trial
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: occipital bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002380
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000974
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001128
subclass of: TARA_1926756

Shanglianquan
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Alalia, salivation with stiff tongue, sore throat, difficulty in swallowing, loss of voice.
Acupuncture Location: I cun below the midpoint of the lower jaw, in the depression between the hyoid bone and the lower border of the jaw.
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.8-1.2 inches toward the tongue root.
Synonym: EX-HN 21
subclass of: TARA_3535998

HT 3
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 83. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 少海(海)
Special Point Role: TARA_6594221
Indications: Cardiac pain, spasmodic pain and numbness of the hand and arm, tremor of the hand, scrofula, pain in the axilla and hypochondriac region.
Innervation: The medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the anteromedial aspect of the elbow, just anterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus, at the same level as the cubital crease. Note: With the elbow is flexed, HT3 is located at the midpoint of the line connecting the medial end of the cubital crease and the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9474009
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Shaohai
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0006806
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795332
General Body Region: UBERON_0001461
Synonym: H 3
Synonym: HE 3
Synonym: Heart 3
Vasculature: The basilic vein, the inferior ulnar collateral artery, the ulnar recurrent artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_4109407
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0006806
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795332
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001461
subclass of: TARA_1194553
subclass of: TARA_6594221

HT 7
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 85. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 神(神)門(门)
Special Point Role: TARA_1840369
Special Point Role: TARA_6705086
Indications: Cardiac pain, irritability, palpitation, hysteria, amnesia, insomnia, mania, epilepsy, dementia, pain in the hypochondriac region, feverish sensation in the palm, yellowish sclera.
Acupuncture Location: On the anteromedial aspect of the wrist, radial to the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon, on the palmar wrist crease. Note: In the depression radial to the proximal border of the pisiform bone, on the palmar wrist crease.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9474009
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Shenmen
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001429
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795334
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795501
General Body Region: UBERON_0004452
Synonym: H 7
Synonym: HE 7
Synonym: Heart 7
Vasculature: See Lingdao (HT 4)
is studied in article: s100720300062
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.4065/81.6.749
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004452
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3455429
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_1716565
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001429
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795501
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795334
subclass of: TARA_1194553
subclass of: TARA_1840369
subclass of: TARA_6705086

ST 35
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 63. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 犢(犊)鼻
Indications: Pain, numbness and motor impairment of the knee, beriberi.
Innervation: The lateral sural cutaneous nerve and the articular branch of the common peroneal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterior aspect of the knee, in the depression lateral to the patellar ligament. Note: When the knee is flexed, ST35 is located in the depression lateral and inferior to the patella.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.7-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Dubi
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002446
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003676
General Body Region: UBERON_0001465
Synonym: S 35
Synonym: Stomach 35
Vasculature: The arterial and venous network around the knee joint.
is studied in article: s0140-6736(05)66871-7
is studied in article: acm.1999.5.521
is studied in article: Electroacupuncture versus Diclofenac in symptomatic treatment of Osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled trial
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001465
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003676
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002446
subclass of: TARA_5282844

LU 10
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 30. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 魚(鱼)際(际)
Special Point Role: TARA_9857829
Indications: Cough,hemoptysis, sore throat, loss of voice, fever, feverish sensation in the palm. .
Innervation: The superficial ramus of the radial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the palm, radial to the midpoint of the first metacarpal bone, at the border between the red and white flesh.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9964503
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.8 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yuji
Specific Body Region: metacarpal bone of digit 1
General Body Region: UBERON_0008878
Synonym: L 10
Synonym: Lung 10
Vasculature: Venules of the thumb draining to the cephalic vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008878
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2478120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: metacarpal bone of digit 1
subclass of: TARA_1459681
subclass of: TARA_9857829

BL 31
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 115. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 上髎(髎)
Indications: Low back pain, dysuria, constipation, irregular menstruation, morbid leukorrhea, prolapse of the uterus.
Innervation: At the site where the posterior ramus of the first sacral nerve passes.
Acupuncture Location: In the sacral region, in the first posterior sacral foramen. Note: The first posterior sacral foramen is palpated in the depression, moving superiorly from BL32.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.8-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Shangliao
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795313
General Body Region: UBERON_0005473
Synonym: B 31
Synonym: Bladder 31
Synonym: UB 31
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 31
Vasculature: The posterior branches of the lateral sacral artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0005473
subclass of: TARA_0995552

Baxie
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Excessive heat, finger numbness, spasm and contracture of the fingers, redness and swelling of the dorsum of the hand.
Acupuncture Location: On the dorsum of the hand, at the junction of the white and red skin of the hand webs, eight in all, making a loose fist to locate the points.
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch, or prick to cause bleeding. Moxibustion is applicable.
Synonym: EX-UE 9
Synonym: M-UE 22
subclass of: TARA_3535998

ST 20
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 55. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 承滿(满,満)
Indications: Gastric pain, abdominal distension, vomiting, anorexia.
Acupuncture Location: On the upper abdomen, 5 B-cun superior to the centre of the umbilicus, 2 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note: ST20 is 5 B-cun superior to ST25, 1 B-cun inferior to St19, 2 B-cun lateral to CV13.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Pinyin Label: Chengman
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795301
Synonym: S 20
Synonym: Stomach 20
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795301
subclass of: TARA_5282844

Qianzheng
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Deviation of the eyes and mouth, ulceration on tongue and mouth.
Acupuncture Location: 0.5-1.0 cun anterior to the auricular lobe.
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5- 1.0 inch.
Synonym: EX-HN 20
subclass of: TARA_3535998

Yaoyan
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Lumbar pain, frequency of urine, irregular menstruation.
Acupuncture Location: About 3.5-4 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 4th lumbar vertebra. The point is in the depression appearing in prone position.
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.8-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Synonym: EX-B 7
Synonym: M-BW 24
subclass of: TARA_3535998

PC 4
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 153. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 郄門(门)
Special Point Role: TARA_4598552
Indications: Cardiac pain, palpitation, epistaxis, hematemesis, haemoptysis chest pain, furuncle, epilepsy.
Innervation: The medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve; deeper, the median nerve; deepest, the anterior interosseous nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterior aspect of the forearm, between the tendons of the palmaris longus and the flexor carpi radialis, 5 B-cun proximal to the palmar wrist crease. Note 1: With the fist clenched, the wrist supinated, and the elbow slightly flexed, the two tendons become more prominent. PC4 is located 1 B-cun distal to the midpoint of the line connecting PC3 with PC7. Note 2: If the palmaris longus tendon is not present, PC4 is medial to the flexor carpi radialis tendon.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4694897
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Ximen
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0016496
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795334
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795500
General Body Region: UBERON_0002386
Synonym: P 4
Synonym: Pericardium 4
Vasculature: The median artery and vein; deeper, the anterior interosseous artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016496
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795500
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2798650
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795334
subclass of: TARA_3761087
subclass of: TARA_4598552

GV 2
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 204. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 腰兪(俞)
Indications: Irregular menstruation, pain and stiffness of the lower back, hemorrhoids, muscular atrophy of the lower extremities, epilepsy.
Innervation: The branch of the coccygeal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the sacral region, at the sacral hiatus, on the posterior median line. Note: The sacral hiatus is a small depression immediately above the anal cleft.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely upward 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yaoshu
Specific Body Region: intergluteal cleft
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0005473
Synonym: Du 2
Synonym: Governor Vessel 2
Vasculature: The branches of the median sacral artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0005473
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: intergluteal cleft
subclass of: TARA_8364824

BL 37
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 118. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 殷門(门)
Indications: Pain in the lower back and thigh, muscular atrophy, pain, numbness and motor impairment of the lower extremities, hemiplegia.
Innervation: The posterior femoral cutaneous nerve; deeper, the sciatic nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the posterior aspect of the thigh, between the biceps femoris and the semitendinosus muscles, 6 B-cun inferior to the gluteal fold. Note 1: In the prone position, the semitendinosus and the biceps femoris muscles are more distinct when the knee is flexed against resistance. In addition, it is easier to find the two muscles with internal and external rotation of the hip. Note 2: 1 B-cun superior to the midpoint of the line connecting BL36 with BL40.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 1.0-2.0 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yinmen
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001374
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001375
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0036014
General Body Region: UBERON_0000376
Synonym: B 37
Synonym: Bladder 37
Synonym: UB 37
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 37
Vasculature: Laterally, the third perforating branches of the deep femoral artery and vein.
is studied in article: ctim.2001.0442
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000376
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001374
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0036014
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001375
subclass of: TARA_0995552

KI 9
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 140. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 築(筑)賓(宾)
Special Point Role: Xi-Cleft Point of the Yin Link Vessel
Indications: Mental disorders, pain in the foot and lower leg, hernia.
Innervation: The medial sural and medial crural cutaneous nerves, deeper, the tibial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the posteromedial aspect of the leg, between the soleus muscle and the calcaneal tendon, 5 B-cun superior to the prominence of the medial malleolus. Note 1: With the knee flexed and the leg stretched (plantar flexion) against resistance, the soleus muscle can be seen more clearly along the medial border of the tibia bone. Note 2: At the same level as LR5, on the line connecting KI3 with KI10.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4813389
Pinyin Label: Zhubin
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0000979
Specific Body Region: soleus muscle
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003701
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795305
General Body Region: UBERON_0003823
Synonym: K 9
Synonym: Kidney 9
Vasculature: Deeper, the posterior tibial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Xi-Cleft Point of the Yin Link Vessel Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795305
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: soleus muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000979
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003701
subclass of: Xi-Cleft Point of the Yin Link Vessel
subclass of: TARA_8866697

HT 4
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 83. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 靈(灵,霊)道(道)
Special Point Role: TARA_7315457
Indications: Cardiac pain, spasmodic pain of the elbow and arm, sudden loss of voice.
Innervation: The medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve; on the ulnar side, the ulnar nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the anteromedial aspect of the forearm, just radial to the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon, 1.5 B-cun proximal to the palmar wrist crease. Note 1: 1.5 B-cun proximal to HT7, at the same level as the superior border of the head of the ulna. Note 2: 1.5 B-cun proximal to the radial side of the superior border of the pisiform bone.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9474009
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Lingdao
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001424
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001429
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795334
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795501
General Body Region: UBERON_0002386
Synonym: H 4
Synonym: HE 4
Synonym: Heart 4
Vasculature: The ulnar artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795334
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795501
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_1758929
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001429
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001424
subclass of: TARA_1194553
subclass of: TARA_7315457

SI 2
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 88. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 前谷
Special Point Role: TARA_9857829
Indications: Numbness of the fingers, febrile diseases, tinnitus, headache, reddish urine.
Innervation: The dorsal digital nerve and palmar digital propria 1 nerve derived from the ulnar nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the little finger, ulnar to the distal phalanx, 0.1 f-cun proximal-medial to the ulnar corner of the little fingernail, at the intersection of the vertical line of ulnar border of the nail and horizontal line of the base of the little fingernail.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9093316
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Qiangu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004300
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0011277
General Body Region: UBERON_0003625
Synonym: Small Intestine 2
Vasculature: The dorsal digital artery and vein arising from the ulnar artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003625
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2478120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004300
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0011277
subclass of: TARA_3452202
subclass of: TARA_9857829

GB 2
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 172. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 聽(听,聴)會(会)
Indications: Deafness, tinnitus, toothache, motor impairment of the temporomandibular joint, mumps, deviation of the eye and mouth.
Innervation: The great auricular nerve and facial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the face, in the depression between the intertragic notch and the condylar process of the mandible. Note: When the mouth is opened, GB2 is located in the depression anterior to the intertragic notch.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.7 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Tinghui
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004657
Specific Body Region: intertragic incisure
General Body Region: UBERON_0001456
Synonym: G 2
Synonym: Gallbladder 2
Vasculature: The superficial temporal artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004657
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001456
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: intertragic incisure
subclass of: TARA_1926756

ST 23
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 57. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 太乙
Indications: Gastric pain, irritability, mania, indigestion.
Innervation: The branches of the eighth and ninth intercostal nerves.
Acupuncture Location: On the upper abdomen, 2 B-cun superior to the centre of the umbilicus, 2 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note: ST23 is located at the same level and lateral to KI17 and CV10.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.7-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Taiyi
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795301
Synonym: S 23
Synonym: Stomach 23
Vasculature: The branches of the eighth and ninth intercostal and inferior epigastric arteries and veins.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795301
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: TARA_5282844

SI 15
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 95. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 肩中兪(俞)
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous pro- cess of the seventh cervical vertebra (C7), 2 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line. Note: SI15 is located at the intersection of two imaginary lines: the vertical line of the junction of the lateral one third and the medial two thirds of the line connecting the posterior median line with the medial border of the scapula and the horizontal line inferior to the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra (C7).
Meridian Membership: TARA_9093316
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.6 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Jianzhongshu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004616
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0006849
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: Small Intestine 15
Vasculature: See lianwaishu (SI 14).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0006849
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004616
subclass of: TARA_3452202

ST 7
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 49. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 下關(关,関)
Indications: Deafness, tinnitus, otorrhea, toothache, facial paralysis, pain of the face, motor impairment of the jaw.
Innervation: The zygomatic branch of the facial nerve and the branches of the auriculotemporal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the face, in the depression between the midpoint of the inferior border of the zygomatic arch and the mandibular notch. Note: When the mouth is closed, ST7 is located at the depression inferior to the zygomatic arch, directly inferior to gB3.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.1- 0.5 cun. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Xiaguan
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002500
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795291
General Body Region: UBERON_0001456
Synonym: S 7
Synonym: Stomach 7
Vasculature: Superficially, the transverse facial artery and vein; in the deepest layer, the maxillary artery and maxillary vein.
is studied in article: archotol.125.5.567
is studied in article: The efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular joint myofascial pain: A randomised controlled trial
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1177/0163278704273081
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795291
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002500
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001456
subclass of: TARA_5282844

SP 3
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 71. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 太白
Special Point Role: TARA_1840369
Special Point Role: TARA_6705086
Indications: Gastric pain, abdominal distension, constipation, dysentery, vomiting diarrhea, borborygmus, sluggishness, beriberi.
Innervation: The branches of the saphenous nerve and superficial peroneal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the medial aspect of the foot, in the depression proximal to the first metatarsophalangeal joint, at the border between the red and white flesh.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4167850
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Taibai
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007750
General Body Region: UBERON_0002387
Synonym: Spleen 3
Vasculature: The dorsal venous network of the foot, the medial plantar artery and the branches of the medial tarsal artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3455429
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007750
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_1716565
subclass of: TARA_1840369
subclass of: TARA_5629511
subclass of: TARA_6705086

BL 29
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 114. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 中膂兪(俞)
Indications: Dysentery, hernia, stiffness and pain of the lower back.
Innervation: The lateral branches of the posterior rami of the third and fourth sacral nerves.
Acupuncture Location: In the sacral region, at the same level as the third posterior sacral foramen, 1.5 B-cun lateral to the median sacral crest. Note: At the same level as BL33.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.8-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zhonglushu
Specific Body Region: ilx_0741680
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795315
General Body Region: UBERON_0005473
Synonym: B 29
Synonym: Bladder 29
Synonym: UB 29
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 29
Vasculature: The posterior branches of the lateral sacral artery and vein, the branches of the inferior gluteal artery and vein.
is studied in article: j.1600-0412.2000.079005331.x
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0741680
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0005473
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795315
subclass of: TARA_0995552

KI 2
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 136. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 然谷
Special Point Role: TARA_9857829
Indications: Pruritus vulvae, prolapse of uterus, irregular menstruation, nocturnal emission, hemoptysis, thirst, diarrhea, swelling and pain of the dorsum of foot, acute infantile omphalitis.
Innervation: The terminal branch of the medial crural cutaneous nerve, the medial plantar nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the medial aspect of the foot, inferior to the tuberosity of the navicular bone, at the border between the red and white flesh.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4813389
Pinyin Label: Rangu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0010759
General Body Region: UBERON_0002387
Synonym: K 2
Synonym: Kidney 2
Vasculature: The branches of the medial plantar and medial tarsal arteries.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2478120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0010759
subclass of: TARA_8866697
subclass of: TARA_9857829

Yintang
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Headache, head heaviness, epistaxis, rhinorrhea, infantile convulsion, frontal headache, insomnia.
Acupuncture Location: Midway between the medial ends of the two eyebrows.
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Synonym: EX-HN 3
Synonym: M-HN 3
subclass of: TARA_3535998

Dannangxue
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Acute and chronic cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, biliary ascariasis, muscular atrophy and numbness of the lower extremities.
Acupuncture Location: The tender spot 1-2 cun directly below Yanglingquan (GB 34).
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.8-1.2 inches.
Synonym: EX-LE 6
Synonym: M-LE 23
subclass of: TARA_3535998

ST 38
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 65. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 條(条)口
Indications: Numbness, soreness and pain of the knee and leg, weakness and motor impairment of the foot, pain and motor impairment of the shoulder, abdominal pain.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterior aspect of the leg, on the line connecting ST35 with ST41, 8 B-cun inferior to ST35. Note: ST38 is located on the tibialis anterior muscle, at the same level as St40.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Tiaokou
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001385
General Body Region: UBERON_0003823
Synonym: S 38
Synonym: Stomach 38
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1080/165019702760279233
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001385
subclass of: TARA_5282844

GB 33
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 188. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 膝陽(阳)關(关,関)
Indications: Swelling and pain of the knee, contracture of the tendons in popliteal fossa, numbness of the leg.
Innervation: The terminal branch of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the lateral aspect of the knee, in the depression between the biceps femoris tendon and the iliotibial band, posterior and proximal to the lateral epicondyle of the femur.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch.
Pinyin Label: Xiyangguan
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0000981
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795317
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795324
General Body Region: UBERON_0001465
Synonym: G 33
Synonym: Gallbladder 33
Vasculature: The superior lateral genicular artery and vein.
is studied in article: s0140-6736(05)66871-7
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795317
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001465
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000981
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795324
subclass of: TARA_1926756

SI 14
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 94. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 肩外兪(俞)
Indications: Aching of the shoulder and back, pain and rigidity of the neck.
Innervation: Superficially, the medial cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the first and second thoracic nerves, the accessory nerve; deeper, the dorsal scapular nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra (T1), 3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line. Note 1: SI14 is located at the intersection of two imaginary lines: the vertical line of the medial extremity of the spine of the scapula and the horizontal line inferior to the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra (T1). Note 2: SI14 is located at the same level as BL11, gV13, and the inferior border of the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra (T1).
Meridian Membership: TARA_9093316
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.7 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Jianwaishu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004626
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004651
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: Small Intestine 14
Vasculature: Deeper, the transverse cervical artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004626
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004651
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: TARA_3452202

BL 20
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 109. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 脾兪(俞)
Special Point Role: Back-Shu Point of the Spleen
Indications: Epigastric pain, abdominal distension, jaundice, vomiting, diarrhea, dysentery, bloody stools, profuse menstruation, edema, anorexia, backache.
Innervation: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the eleventh and twelfth thoracic nerves; deeper, their lateral branches.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the 11th thoracic vertebra (T11), 1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5-0.7 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Pishu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004635
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: B 20
Synonym: Back-Shu Point of the Spleen
Synonym: Bladder 20
Synonym: UB 20
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 20
Vasculature: The medial branches of the posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
is studied in article: s0140-6736(05)66871-7
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004635
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Back-Shu Point of the Spleen Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: Back-Shu Point of the Spleen
subclass of: TARA_0995552

BL 38
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 118. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: (浮)郄
Indications: Numbness of the gluteal and femoral regions, contracture of the tendons in the popliteal fossa.
Innervation: The posterior femoral cutaneous nerve and the common peroneal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the posterior aspect of the knee, just medial to the biceps femoris tendon, 1 B-cun proximal to the popliteal crease. Note: With the knee in slight flexion, BL38 is located medial to the biceps femoris ten- don, 1 B-cun proximal to BL39.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Fuxi
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001374
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795317
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795330
General Body Region: UBERON_0001465
Synonym: B 38
Synonym: Bladder 38
Synonym: UB 38
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 38
Vasculature: The superolateral genicular artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001465
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001374
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795317
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795330
subclass of: TARA_0995552

TE 21
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 168. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 耳門(门)
Indications: Tinnitus, deafness, otorrhea, toothache, stiffness of the lip.
Innervation: The branches of the auriculotemporal nerve and facial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the face, in the depression between the supratragic notch and the condylar process of the mandible. Note: When the mouth is slightly opened, tE21 is located in the depression anterior to the supratragic notch, directly superior to SI19.
Meridian Membership: TARA_3898257
Pinyin Label: Ermen
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004657
General Body Region: UBERON_0001456
Synonym: SJ 21
Synonym: San Jiao 21
Synonym: TB 21
Synonym: TH 21
Synonym: TW 21
Synonym: Triple Burner 21
Synonym: Triple Energizer 21
Synonym: Triple Heater 21
Synonym: Triple Warmer 21
Vasculature: The superficial temporal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001456
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004657
subclass of: TARA_5361067

GV 16
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 211. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 風(风)府
Indications: Headache, neck rigidity, blurring of vision, epistaxis, sore throat, post-apoplexy aphasia, hemiplegia, mental disorders.
Innervation: The branches of the third cervical nerve and the great occipital nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the posterior region of the neck, directly inferior to the external occipital protuberance, in the depression between the trapezius muscles. Note: With the head slightly extended in the seated position, loosen the trapezius muscle, then move superiorly from the midpoint of the posterior hairline to the occipital bone, gV16 will be found.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.8 inch. Deep puncture is not advisable. Medullary bulb is in the deep layer, special attention should be paid in acupuncture.
Pinyin Label: Fengfu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002380
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0013469
General Body Region: UBERON_0000974
Synonym: Du 16
Synonym: Governor Vessel 16
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002380
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000974
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0013469
subclass of: TARA_8364824

TE 1
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 158. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 關(关,関)衝(冲)
Special Point Role: TARA_2954517
Indications: Headache, redness of the eyes, sore throat, stiffness of the tongue, febrile diseases, irritability.
Innervation: The palmar digital proprial nerve derived from the ulnar nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the ring finger, ulnar to the distal phalanx, 0.1 f-cun proximal to the ulnar corner of the fingernail, at the intersection of the vertical line of the ulnar side of the nail and the horizontal line of the base of the fingernail.
Meridian Membership: TARA_3898257
Acupuncture Method: Puncture superficially 0.1 inch, or prick with a three-edged needle to cause bleeding. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Guanchong
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004300
Specific Body Region: nail of manual digit 4
General Body Region: UBERON_0003624
Synonym: SJ 1
Synonym: San Jiao 1
Synonym: TB 1
Synonym: TH 1
Synonym: TW 1
Synonym: Triple Burner 1
Synonym: Triple Energizer 1
Synonym: Triple Heater 1
Synonym: Triple Warmer 1
Vasculature: The arterial and venous network formed by the palmar digital proprial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004300
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: nail of manual digit 4
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003624
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3839815
subclass of: TARA_2954517
subclass of: TARA_5361067

GV 20
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 213. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 百會(会)
Indications: Headache, vertigo, tinnitus, nasal obstruction, aphasia by apoplexy, coma, mental disorders, prolapse of the rectum and the uterus.
Innervation: The branch of the great occipital nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, 5 B-cun superior to the ante- rior hairline, on the anterior median line. Note 1: GV20 is located in the depression 1 B-cun anterior to the midpoint of the line from the anterior hairline to the posterior hairline. Note 2: When the ears are folded, GV 20 is located at the midpoint of the connecting line between the auricular apices.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Baihui
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795292
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795326
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: Du 20
Synonym: Governor Vessel 20
Vasculature: The anastomotic network formed by the superficial temporal arteries and veins and the occipital arteries and veins on both sides.
is studied in article: s100720300062
is studied in article: s0304-3959(00)00315-8
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2001.00198.x
is studied in article: j.1526-4610.2002.02203.x
is studied in article: acm.2005.11.663
is studied in article: j.0001-6349.2004.0215.x
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01062.x
is studied in article: j.1526-4610.2006.00598.x
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795326
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795292
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: TARA_8364824

SI 17
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 96. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 天容
Indications: Deafness, tinnitus, sore throat, swelling of the cheek, foreign body sensation in the throat, goiter.
Innervation: Superficially, the anterior branch of the great auricular nerve, the cervical branch of the facial nerve; deeper, the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior region of the neck, posterior to the angle of the mandible, in the depression anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Note: The sternocleidomastoid muscle is more distinct when the head is turned to the opposite side against resistance.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9093316
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.7 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Tianrong
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001128
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001684
General Body Region: UBERON_0000974
Synonym: Small Intestine 17
Vasculature: Anteriorly, the external jugular vein; deeper, the internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001684
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001128
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000974
subclass of: TARA_3452202

CV 17
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 228. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 膻中
Special Point Role: Front-Mu Point of the Pericardium
Special Point Role: Influential Point of Qi
Indications: Asthma, pain in the chest, fullness in the chest, palpitation, insufficient lactation, hiccup, difficulty in swallowing.
Innervation: The anterior cutaneous branch of the fourth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, at the same level as the fourth intercostal space, on the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6789717
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Tanzhong
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795298
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: Conception Vessel 17
Synonym: Front-Mu Point of the Pericardium
Synonym: RN 17
Synonym: Ren 17
Vasculature: See Zhongting (CV 16).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Front-Mu Point of the Pericardium Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Influential Point of Qi Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795298
subclass of: Front-Mu Point of the Pericardium
subclass of: TARA_1092703
subclass of: Influential Point of Qi

Anmian
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Insomnia, vertigo, headache, palpitation, mental disorders.
Acupuncture Location: Midpoint between Yifeng (TE 17) and Fengchi (GB 20).
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.8 inch.
Synonym: EX-HN 16
Synonym: M-HN 54
Synonym: N-HN 54
subclass of: TARA_3535998

GB 19
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 181. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 腦(脑,脳)空
Indications: Headache, stiffness of the neck, vertigo, painful eyes, tinnitus, epilepsy.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, at the same level as the supe- rior border of the external occipital protu- berance, directly superior to gB20. Note: GB19 is at the same level as GV17 and BL9.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Naokong
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0013469
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: G 19
Synonym: Gallbladder 19
Vasculature: See Chengling (GB 18).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0013469
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: TARA_1926756

LU 6
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 28. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 孔最
Special Point Role: TARA_4598552
Indications: Cough, pain in the chest, asthma, hemoptysis, sore throat, spasmodic pain of the elbow and arm.
Innervation: The lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve and the superficial ramus of the radial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterolateral aspect of the forearm, on the line connecting LU5 with LU9, 7 B- cun superior to the palmar wrist crease. Note: LU6 is 5 B-cun inferior to LU5, 1 B-cun superior to the midpoint of the line connecting LU5 with LU9.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9964503
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Kongzui
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795334
General Body Region: UBERON_0002386
Synonym: L 6
Synonym: Lung 6
Vasculature: The cephalic vein, the radial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2798650
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795334
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: TARA_1459681
subclass of: TARA_4598552

LU 7
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 29. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 列缺
Special Point Role: TARA_6993030
Special Point Role: TARA_9493899
Indications: Headache, migraine, neck rigidity, cough, asthma, sore throat, facial paralysis, toothache, pain and weakness of the wrist.
Innervation: The lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve and the superficial ramus of the radial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the radial aspect of the forearm, between the tendons of the abductor pollicis longus and the extensor pollicis brevis muscles, in the groove for the abductor pollicis longus tendon, 1.5 B-cun superior to the palmar wrist crease.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9964503
Pinyin Label: Lieque
Specific Body Region: extensor pollicis brevis muscle
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795334
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795335
General Body Region: UBERON_0002386
Synonym: L 7
Synonym: Lung 7
Vasculature: The cephalic vein, branches of the radial artery and vein.
is studied in article: s0304-3959(00)00315-8
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2001.00198.x
is studied in article: bmj.38512.405440.8f
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3091322
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795334
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795335
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: extensor pollicis brevis muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2162578
subclass of: TARA_1459681
subclass of: TARA_6993030
subclass of: TARA_9493899

GB 5
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 174. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 懸(悬)顱(颅)
Indications: Migraine, pain in the outer canthus, facial swelling.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, at the midpoint of the curved line from St8 to gB7.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Xuanlu
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: G 5
Synonym: Gallbladder 5
Vasculature: See Hanyan (GB 4).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: TARA_1926756

SP 9
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 74. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 陰(阴)陵泉
Special Point Role: TARA_6594221
Indications: Abdominal pain and distension, diarrhea, dysentery, edema, jaundice, dysuria, enuresis, urinary incontinence, pain in the external genitalia, dysmenorrhea, pain in the knee.
Innervation: Superficially, the medial crural cutaneous nerve; deeper, the tibial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the tibial aspect of the leg, in the depression between the inferior border of the medial condyle of the tibia and the medial border of the tibia. Note: A depression can be felt inferior to the knee joint when moving proximally along the medial border of the tibia. SP9 is located in a depression at the angle formed by the inferior border of the medial condyle of the tibia and the posterior border of the tibia.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4167850
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yinlingquan
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0000979
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001485
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0009990
General Body Region: UBERON_0003823
Synonym: Spleen 9
Vasculature: Anteriorly, the great saphenous vein, the genu suprema artery; deeper, the posterior tibial artery and vein.
is studied in article: s0140-6736(05)66871-7
is studied in article: j.1365-2044.1999.01030.x
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1080/165019702760279233
is studied in article: acm.1999.5.521
is studied in article: bmj.38512.405440.8f
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000979
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001485
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0009990
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_4109407
subclass of: TARA_5629511
subclass of: TARA_6594221

Jinjin
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Swelling of the tongue, vomiting, aphasia with stiffness of tongue.
Acupuncture Location: On the veins on both sides of the frenulum of the tongue, Jinjin is on the left, Yuye, on the right.
Acupuncture Method: Prick to cause bleeding.
Synonym: EX-HN 12
Synonym: M-HN 20a
subclass of: TARA_3535998

GB 41
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 192. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 足臨(临)泣
Special Point Role: TARA_6705086
Special Point Role: TARA_9493899
Indications: Headache, vertigo, pain of the outer canthus, scrofula, pain in the hypochondriac region, distending pain of the breast, irregular menstruation, pain and swelling of the dorsum of foot, spastic pain of the foot and toe.
Innervation: The branch of the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve of the foot.
Acupuncture Location: On the dorsum of the foot, distal to the junction of the bases of the fourth and fifth metatarsal bones, in the depression lateral to the fifth extensor digitorum longus tendon.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zulinqi
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003653
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003654
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795504
General Body Region: UBERON_0002387
Synonym: G 41
Synonym: Gallbladder 41
Vasculature: The dorsal arterial and venous network of foot, the fourth dorsal metatarsal artery and vein.
is studied in article: s0304-3959(00)00315-8
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2001.00198.x
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-199809000-00012
is studied in article: j.1526-4610.2006.00598.x
is studied in article: aim.22.2.60
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795504
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003654
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_1716565
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3091322
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003653
subclass of: TARA_1926756
subclass of: TARA_6705086
subclass of: TARA_9493899

TE 13
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 164. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 臑會(会)
Indications: Goiter, pain in the shoulder and arm.
Innervation: The posterior brachial cutaneous nerve, the muscular branch of the radial nerve; deeper, the radial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the posterior aspect of the arm, posteroinferior to the border of the deltoid muscle, 3 B-cun inferior to the acromial angle.
Meridian Membership: TARA_3898257
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.8 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Naohui
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001476
General Body Region: UBERON_0001460
Synonym: SJ 13
Synonym: San Jiao 13
Synonym: TB 13
Synonym: TH 13
Synonym: TW 13
Synonym: Triple Burner 13
Synonym: Triple Energizer 13
Synonym: Triple Heater 13
Synonym: Triple Warmer 13
Vasculature: The median collateral artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001460
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001476
subclass of: TARA_5361067

GV 10
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 208. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 靈(灵,霊)臺(台)
Indications: Cough, asthma, furundes, back pain, neck rigidity.
Innervation: The medial branch of the posterior ramus of the thoracic nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, in the depression inferior to the spinous process of the sixth thoracic vertebra (T6), on the posterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely upward 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Lingtai
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004631
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: Du 10
Synonym: Governor Vessel 10
Vasculature: The posterior branch of the sixth intercostal artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004631
subclass of: TARA_8364824

LR 12
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 201. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 急脈(脉)
Indications: Lower abdominal pain, hernia, pain in the external genitalia.
Innervation: The ilioinguinal nerve; deeper, in the inferior aspect, the anterior branch of the obturator nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the groin region, at the same level as the superior border of the pubic symphysis, and 2.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5419503
Acupuncture Method: Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Jimai
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003699
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: UBERON_0008337
Synonym: LIV 12
Synonym: LV 12
Synonym: Liver 12
Vasculature: The branches of the external pudendal artery and vein, the pubic branches of the inferior epigastric artery and vein; laterally, the femoral veIn.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008337
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003699
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: TARA_0739106

Huatuojiaji
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Acupuncture Location: A group of 34 points on both sides of the spinal column, 0.5 cun lateral to the lower border of each spinous process from the first thoracic vertebra to the fifth lumbar vertebra.
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch in the cervical and chest region, puncture perpendicularly 1.0-1.5 inches in the lumbar region. Moxibustion is applicable.
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004617
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004618
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004619
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004620
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004621
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004626
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004627
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004628
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004629
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004630
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004631
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004632
Specific Body Region: thoracic vertebra 8
General Body Region: process of vertebra
Synonym: EX-B 2
Synonym: Jiaji
Synonym: M-BW 35
is studied in article: aim.22.2.60
is studied in article: Acupuncture for chronic neck pain: a pilot for a randomised controlled trial
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004631
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004628
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: thoracic vertebra 8
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004630
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004629
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004619
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: process of vertebra
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004618
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004626
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004617
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004620
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004632
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004627
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004621
subclass of: TARA_3535998

Huanzhong
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Lumbar pain, thigh pain.
Acupuncture Location: Midway between Huantiao (GB 30) and Yaoshu (GV 2).
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 1.5-2.0 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Synonym: EX-B 12
subclass of: TARA_3535998

LI 14
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 40. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 臂臑
Indications: Pain in the shoulder and arm, rigidity of the neck, scrofula.
Innervation: The posterior brachial cutaneous nerve; deeper, the radial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the lateral aspect of the arm, just anterior to the border of the deltoid muscle, 7 B-cun superior to LI11.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4610474
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly or obliquely upward 0.8-1.5 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Binao
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001476
General Body Region: UBERON_0001460
Synonym: Large Intestine 14
Vasculature: The branches of posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein, the deep brachial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001476
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001460
subclass of: TARA_7932600

Heding
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Knee pain, weakness of the foot and leg, paralysis.
Acupuncture Location: In the depression of the midpoint of the superior patellar border.
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.1-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002446
General Body Region: UBERON_0001465
Synonym: EX-LE 2
Synonym: M-LE 27
is studied in article: s0140-6736(05)66871-7
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001465
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002446
subclass of: TARA_3535998

GB 39
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 191. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 懸(悬)鍾(钟)
Special Point Role: Influential Point of the Marrow
Indications: Apoplexy, hemiplegia, pain of the neck, abdominal distension, pain in the hypochondriac region, muscular atrophy of the lower limbs, spastic pain of the leg, beriberi.
Acupuncture Location: On the fibular aspect of the leg, anterior to the fibula, 3 B-cun proximal to the prominence of the lateral malleolus.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Xuanzhong
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001446
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0012291
General Body Region: UBERON_0003823
Synonym: G 39
Synonym: Gallbladder 39
Vasculature: See Guangming (GB 37).
is studied in article: bmj.38512.405440.8f
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-7-35
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001446
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Influential Point of the Marrow Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0012291
subclass of: TARA_1926756
subclass of: Influential Point of the Marrow

TE 7
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 161. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 會(会)宗
Special Point Role: TARA_4598552
Indications: Deafness, pain in the ear, :, epilepsy, pain of the arm.
Innervation: The posterior and medial antebrachial cutaneous nerves; deeper, the posterior and anterior interosseous nerves.
Acupuncture Location: On the posterior aspect of the forearm, just radial to the ulna, 3 B-cun proximal to the dorsal wrist crease. Note: TE7 is ulnar to TE6.
Meridian Membership: TARA_3898257
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Huizong
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001424
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795333
General Body Region: UBERON_0002386
Synonym: SJ 7
Synonym: San Jiao 7
Synonym: TB 7
Synonym: TH 7
Synonym: TW 7
Synonym: Triple Burner 7
Synonym: Triple Energizer 7
Synonym: Triple Heater 7
Synonym: Triple Warmer 7
Vasculature: The posterior antebrachial interosseous artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795333
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2798650
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001424
subclass of: TARA_4598552
subclass of: TARA_5361067

GV 1
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 204. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 長(长)強
Special Point Role: TARA_6993030
Indications: Diarrhea, bloody stools, hemorrhoids, prolapse of the rectum, constipation, pain in the lower back, epilepsy.
Innervation: The posterior ramus of the coccygeal nerve, the hemorrhoid nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the perineal region, inferior to the coccyx, midway between the tip of the coccyx and the anus. Note: The subject may be in prone position or knee-chest position.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.1 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Changqiang
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001245
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001350
General Body Region: UBERON_0002356
Synonym: Du 1
Synonym: Governor Vessel 1
Vasculature: The branches of the inferior hemorrhoid artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001350
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002356
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001245
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2162578
subclass of: TARA_6993030
subclass of: TARA_8364824

LU 3
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 27. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 天府
Indications: Asthma, epistaxis, pain in the medial aspect of the upper arm.
Innervation: The lateral brachial cutaneous nerve at the place where the musculocutaneous nerve passes through.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterolateral aspect of the arm, just lateral to the border of the biceps brachii muscle, 3 B-cun inferior to the anterior axillary fold. Note: Longitudinally, LU3 is located at the same level as the junction of the upper one third and lower two thirds of the line con- necting the level with anterior axillary fold to LU5.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9964503
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1 inch.
Pinyin Label: Tianfu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001507
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795287
General Body Region: UBERON_0001460
Synonym: L 3
Synonym: Lung 3
Vasculature: The cephalic vein and muscular branches of the brachial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001460
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795287
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001507
subclass of: TARA_1459681

KI 21
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 146. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 幽門(门)
Indications: Abdominal pain and distension, indigestion, vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, morning sickness..
Innervation: The seventh intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the upper abdomen, 6 B-cun superior to the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4813389
Pinyin Label: Youmen
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795301
Synonym: K 21
Synonym: Kidney 21
Vasculature: See Shiguan (KI 18).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795301
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: TARA_8866697

BL 22
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 110. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 三焦兪(俞)
Special Point Role: Back-Shu Point of Triple Energizer
Indications: Borborygmus, abdominal distension, indigestion, vomiting, diarrhea, dysentery, edema, pain and stiffness of the lower back.
Innervation: The lateral cutaneous branch of the posterior ramus of the tenth thoracic nerve; deeper, the lateral branch of the posterior ramus of the first lumbar nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the lumbar region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the first lumbar vertebra (L1), 1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Sanjiaoshu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004617
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0005462
Synonym: B 22
Synonym: Back-Shu Point of Triple Energizer
Synonym: Bladder 22
Synonym: UB 22
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 22
Vasculature: The posterior branches of the first lumber artery and vein.
is studied in article: j.0001-6349.2004.0215.x
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.4065/81.6.749
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004617
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0005462
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Back-Shu Point of Triple Energizer Role
subclass of: TARA_0995552
subclass of: Back-Shu Point of Triple Energizer

LR 7
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 199. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 膝關(关,関)
Innervation: The branch of the medial sural cutaneous nerve; deeper, the tibial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the tibial aspect of the leg, inferior to the medial condyle of the tibia, 1 B-cun posterior to SP9.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5419503
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Xiguan
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0009990
General Body Region: UBERON_0003823
Synonym: LIV 7
Synonym: LV 7
Synonym: Liver 7
Vasculature: Deeper, the posterior tibial artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0009990
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: TARA_0739106

Crossing Point
type: Class
description: Crossing points are those at the intersections of two or more meridians. Distributed mainly on the head, face and trunk, and amounting to over ninety in total. They are key points used to treat meridian disorders of the areas where they are located.
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Crossing Point Role
subclass of: TARA_2614885
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_2614885
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Crossing Point Role

KI 23
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 147. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 神(神)封
Indications: Cough, asthma, fullness in the chest and hypochondriac region, mastitis.
Innervation: The anterior cutaneous branch of the fourth intercostal nerve; deeper, the fourth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, in the fourth intercostal space, 2 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4813389
Pinyin Label: Shengfeng
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795298
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: K 23
Synonym: Kidney 23
Vasculature: The fourth intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795298
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: TARA_8866697

SI 11
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 93. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 天宗
Indications: Pain in the scapular region, pain in the lateroposterior aspect of the elbow and arm, asthma.
Innervation: The suprascapular nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the scapular region, in the depression between the upper one third and lower two thirds of the line connecting the midpoint of the spine of the scapula with the inferior angle of the scapula.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9093316
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly or obliquely 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Tianzong
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004651
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0006849
General Body Region: ilx_0795319
Synonym: Small Intestine 11
Vasculature: The muscular branches of the circumflex scapular artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0006849
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004651
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795319
subclass of: TARA_3452202

SI 6
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 90. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 養(养)老
Special Point Role: TARA_4598552
Indications: Blurring of vision, pain in the shoulder, elbow and arm.
Innervation: The anastomotic branches of the posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve and the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the posteromedial aspect of the forearm, in the depression radial to the head of the ulnar bone, 1 B-cun proximal to the dorsal wrist crease. Note: With the palm facing downwards, press the highest point of the head of ulnar bone with a finger, and then turn the palm towards the chest; SI6 is located at the cleft between the bones where the finger slides.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9093316
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yanglao
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001424
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795333
General Body Region: UBERON_0002386
Synonym: Small Intestine 6
Vasculature: The terminal branches of the posterior interosseous artery and vein, the dorsal venous network of the wrist.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2798650
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795333
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001424
subclass of: TARA_3452202
subclass of: TARA_4598552

ST 1
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 46. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 承泣
Indications: Redness, swelling and pain of the eye, lacrimation, night blindness, eyelid twitching, facial paralysis/Bell palsy.
Innervation: The branch of the infraorbital nerve, the inferior branch of the oculomotor nerve and the muscular branch of the facial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the face, between the eyeball and the infraorbital margin, directly inferior to the pupil.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Push the eyeball upward with the left thumb and puncture perpendicularly and slowly 0.5-1.0 inch along the infraorbital ridge. It is not advisable to manipulate the needle with large amplitude.
Pinyin Label: Chengqi
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001771
Specific Body Region: eyeball of camera-type eye
Specific Body Region: infraorbital margin
General Body Region: UBERON_0001456
Synonym: S 1
Synonym: Stomach 1
Vasculature: The branches of the infraorbital artery and infraorbital vein, and ophthalmic artery and ophthalmic veins.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: infraorbital margin
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: eyeball of camera-type eye
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001771
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001456
subclass of: TARA_5282844

LU 4
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 27. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 俠(侠)白
Indications: Cough, fullness in the chest, pain in the medial aspect of the upper arm.
Innervation: The lateral brachial cutaneous nerve at the place where the musculo-cutaneous never passes through.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterolateral aspect of the arm, just lateral to the border of the biceps brachii muscle, 4 B-cun inferior to the anterior axillary fold.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9964503
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Xiabai
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001507
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795287
General Body Region: UBERON_0001460
Synonym: L 4
Synonym: Lung 4
Vasculature: The cephalic vein, cular branches of the brachial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001460
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795287
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001507
subclass of: TARA_1459681

Weiwanxiashu
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Diabetes, vomiting, abdominal pain, pain in the chest and hypochondriac region.
Acupuncture Location: 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the eighth thoracic vertebra. (See Fig. 123)
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5-0.7 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Synonym: EX-B 3
Synonym: M-BW 12
Synonym: Yishu
subclass of: TARA_3535998

Zigongxue
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Prolapse of the uterus, irregular menstruation.
Acupuncture Location: 3 cun lateral to Zhongji (CV 3).
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.8-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Synonym: EX-CA 1
Synonym: M-CA 18
subclass of: TARA_3535998

PC 6
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 154. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 內關(关,関)
Special Point Role: TARA_6993030
Special Point Role: TARA_9493899
Indications: Cardiac pain, palpitation, stuffy chest, pain in the hypochondriac region, stomachache, nausea, vomiting, hiccup, mental disorders epilepsy, insomnia, febrile diseases, irritability, malaria, contracture and pain of the elbow and arm.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterior aspect of the forearm, between the tendons of the palmaris longus and the flexor carpi radialis, 2 B-cun proximal to the palmar wrist crease. Note 1: With the fist clenched, the wrist supinated and the elbow slightly flexed, the two tendons become more prominent. PC6 is located 2 B-cun proximal to PC7. the posterial point corresponding to PC6 is TE5. Note 2: If the palmaris longus tendon is not present, PC6 is medial to the flexor carpi radialis tendon.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4694897
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.8 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Neiguan
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0016496
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795334
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795500
General Body Region: UBERON_0002386
Synonym: P 6
Synonym: Pericardium 6
is studied in article: j.1526-4610.2002.02203.x
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01062.x
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01209.x
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.4065/81.6.749
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016496
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795334
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3091322
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2162578
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795500
subclass of: TARA_3761087
subclass of: TARA_6993030
subclass of: TARA_9493899

LR 4
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 197. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 中封
Special Point Role: TARA_7315457
Indications: Hernia, pain in the external genitalia, nocturnal emission, retention of urine, distending pain in the hy pochondrium.
Innervation: The branch of the medial dorsal cutaneous nerve of the foot and the saphenous nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the anteromedial aspect of the ankle, in the depression medial to the tibialis anterior tendon, anterior to the medial malleolus. Note: LR4 is located midway between SP5 and St41.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5419503
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularl 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zhongfeng
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795305
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795325
General Body Region: UBERON_0004454
Synonym: LIV 4
Synonym: LV 4
Synonym: Liver 4
Vasculature: The dorsal venous ne work of the foot and the anterior medial malleolar artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795325
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795305
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_1758929
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004454
subclass of: TARA_0739106
subclass of: TARA_7315457

GB 4
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 173. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 頷(颔)厭(厌)
Indications: Migraine, vertigo, tinnitus, pain in the outer canthus, toothache, convulsion, epilepsy.
Innervation: The temporal branch of the auriculotemporal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, at the junction of the upper one fourth and lower three fourths of the curved line from St8 to gB7.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Hanyan
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: G 4
Synonym: Gallbladder 4
Vasculature: The parietal branches of the superficial temporal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: TARA_1926756

KI 3
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 137. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 太谿(溪)
Special Point Role: TARA_1840369
Special Point Role: TARA_6705086
Indications: Sore throat, toothache, deafness, tinnitus, dizziness, spitting of blood, asthma, thirst, irregular menstruation, insomnia, nocturnal emission, impotence, frequency of micturition, pain in the lower back.
Acupuncture Location: On the posteromedial aspect of the ankle, in the depression between the prominence of the medial malleolus and the calcaneal tendon.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4813389
Pinyin Label: Taixi
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003701
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795305
General Body Region: UBERON_0004454
Synonym: K 3
Synonym: Kidney 3
Vasculature: Anteriorly, the posterior tibial artery and vein.
is studied in article: s0140-6736(05)66871-7
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-200311000-00004
is studied in article: aim.22.2.60
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004454
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795305
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_1716565
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3455429
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003701
subclass of: TARA_1840369
subclass of: TARA_6705086
subclass of: TARA_8866697

ST 11
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 51. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 氣(气,気)舍(舎)
Indications: Sore throat, pain and rigidity of the neck, asthma, hiccup, goiter.
Innervation: The medial supraclavicular nerve and the muscular branch of ansa cervicalis.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior region of the neck, in the lesser supraclavicular fossa, superior to the sternal end of the clavicle, in the depression between the sternal and clavicular heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Note 1: The sternocleidomastoid muscle is more distinct when the head is turned to the opposite side against resistance. Note 2: ST11 is located superior to the clavicle, inferior to St9.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Qishe
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001105
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001128
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795293
General Body Region: UBERON_0000974
Synonym: S 11
Synonym: Stomach 11
Vasculature: Superficially, the anterior jugular vein; deeper, the common carotid artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795293
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000974
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001128
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001105
subclass of: TARA_5282844

BL 26
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 112. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 關(关,関)元兪(俞)
Innervation: The posterior ramus of the fifth lumbar nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the lumbar region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5), 1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.8-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Guanyuanshu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004621
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0005462
Synonym: B 26
Synonym: Bladder 26
Synonym: UB 26
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 26
Vasculature: The posterior branches of the lowest lumbar artery and vein.
is studied in article: j.1600-0412.2000.079005331.x
is studied in article: j.0001-6349.2004.0215.x
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004621
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0005462
subclass of: TARA_0995552

SP 6
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 72. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 三陰(阴)交
Indications: Abdominal pain, borborygmus, abdominal distension, diarrhea, dysmenorrhea, irregular menstruation, uterine bleeding, morbid leukorrhea, prolapse of the uterus, infertility, delayed labour, nocturnal emission, impotence, enuresis, dysuria, edema, hernia, pain in the external genitalia, muscular atrophy, motor impairment, paralysis and pain of the lower extremities, headache, dizziness and vertigo, insomnia.
Innervation: Superficially, the medial crural cutaneous nerve; deeper, in the posterior aspect, the tibial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the tibial aspect of the leg, posterior to the medial border of the tibia, 3 B-cun superior to the prominence of the medial malleolus. Note: 1 B-cun superior to KI8.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4167850
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable. Acupuncture on this point is contraindicated in pregnant women.
Pinyin Label: Sanyinjiao
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0000979
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795305
General Body Region: UBERON_0003823
Synonym: Spleen 6
Vasculature: The great saphenous vein, the posterior tibial artery and vein.
is studied in article: s100720300062
is studied in article: s0140-6736(05)66871-7
is studied in article: j.1526-4610.2002.02203.x
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1089/107555303322284767
is studied in article: acm.2005.11.663
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2004.00803.x
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01209.x
is studied in article: bmj.38512.405440.8f
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.4065/81.6.749
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000979
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795305
subclass of: TARA_5629511

GV 15
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 211. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 瘂(哑)門(门)
Indications: Mental disorders, epilepsy, deafness and mute, sudden hoarseness of voice, apoplexy, stiffness of the tongue and aphasia, occipital headache, neck rigidity.
Innervation: The third occipital nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the posterior region of the neck, in the depression superior to the spinous process of the second cervical vertebra (C2), on the posterior median line. Note: After locating GV16, GV15 is located 0.5 B-cun inferior to GV16.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.8 inch. Neither upward obliquely nor deep puncture is advisable. It is near the medullary bulb in the deep layer, and the depth and angle of the puncture should be paid strict attention to.
Pinyin Label: Yamen
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001093
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0000974
Synonym: Du 15
Synonym: Governor Vessel 15
Vasculature: The branches of the occipital artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000974
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001093
subclass of: TARA_8364824

KI 27
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 149. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 兪(俞)府
Indications: Cough, asthma, chest pain.
Innervation: The medial supraclavicular nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, just inferior to the clavicle, 2 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4813389
Pinyin Label: Shufu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001105
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: K 27
Synonym: Kidney 27
Vasculature: The anterior perforating branches of the internal mammary artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001105
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: TARA_8866697

GV 21
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 214. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 前頂(顶)
Indications: Epilepsy, dizziness, blurring of vision, vertical headache, rhinorrhea.
Innervation: On the communicating site of the branch of the frontal nerve with the branch of the great occipital nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, 3.5 B-cun superior to the anterior hairline, on the anterior median line. Note: GV21 is located at the midpoint of the line connecting GV 20 and GV 22.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Qianding
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795292
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: Du 21
Synonym: Governor Vessel 21
Vasculature: The anastomotic network formed by the right and left superficial temporal arteries and veins.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795292
subclass of: TARA_8364824

KI 1
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 136. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 湧(涌)泉
Special Point Role: TARA_2954517
Indications: Headache, blurring of vision, dizziness, sore throat, dryness of the tongue, loss of voice, dysuria, infantile, convulsions, feverish sensation in the sole, loss of consciousness.
Innervation: The second common plantar digital nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the sole of the foot, in the deepest depression of the sole when the toes are flexed. Note: When the toes are flexed, KI1 is located approximately in the depression at the junction of the anterior one third and the posterior two thirds of the line connecting the heel with the web margin between the bases of the second and third toes.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4813389
Pinyin Label: Yongquan
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003632
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003633
General Body Region: plantar part of pes
Synonym: K 1
Synonym: Kidney 1
Vasculature: Deeper, the plantar arterial arch.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: plantar part of pes
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3839815
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003633
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003632
subclass of: TARA_2954517
subclass of: TARA_8866697

KI 16
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 143. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 肓兪(俞)
Indications: Abdominal pain and distension, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea.
Innervation: The tenth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the upper abdomen, 0.5 B-cun lateral to the centre of the umbilicus.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4813389
Pinyin Label: Huangshu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
General Body Region: ilx_0795301
Synonym: K 16
Synonym: Kidney 16
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795301
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: TARA_8866697

CV 13
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 226. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 上脘
Indications: Stomachache, abdominal distension, nausea, vomiting, epilepsy, insomma.
Acupuncture Location: On the upper abdomen, 5 B-cun superior to the centre of the umbilicus, on the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6789717
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Shangwan
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795301
Synonym: Conception Vessel 13
Synonym: RN 13
Synonym: Ren 13
Vasculature: See Zhongwan (CV 12).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795301
subclass of: TARA_1092703

CV 9
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 224. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 水分
Indications: Abdominal pain, borborygmus, edema, retention of the urine, diarrhea.
Innervation: The anterior cutaneous branch of the eighth and ninth intercostal nerves.
Acupuncture Location: On the upper abdomen, 1 B-cun superior to the centre of the umbilicus, on the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6789717
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Shuifen
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795301
Synonym: Conception Vessel 9
Synonym: RN 9
Synonym: Ren 9
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795301
subclass of: TARA_1092703

BL 57
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 128. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 承山
Indications: Low back pain, spasm of the gastrocnemius, hemorrhoids, constipation, beriberi.
Acupuncture Location: On the posterior aspect of the leg, at the connecting point of the calcaneal tendon with the two muscle bellies of the gastrocnemius muscle. Note: With the leg stretched (plantar flexion) or the heel up, BL57 is located at the sharp angled depression inferior to the muscle belly of the gastrocnemius muscle. the two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle are separated to make a lambda shape (Λ).
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.8-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Chengshan
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001388
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003701
General Body Region: UBERON_0003823
Synonym: B 57
Synonym: Bladder 57
Synonym: UB 57
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 57
Vasculature: See Chengjin (BL 56).
is studied in article: s0140-6736(05)66871-7
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003701
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001388
subclass of: TARA_0995552

ST 16
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 53. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 膺窗(窓)
Indications: Fullness and pain in the chest and hypochondrium, cough, asthma, mastitis.
Innervation: The branch of the anterior thoracic nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, in the third intercostal space, 4 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yingchuang
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795297
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: S 16
Synonym: Stomach 16
Vasculature: The lateral thoracic artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795297
subclass of: TARA_5282844

Yaoqi
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Epilepsy, headache, inomnia, constipation.
Acupuncture Location: 2 cun directly above the tip of the coccyx.
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously upward 1.0-2.0 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Synonym: EX-B 9
Synonym: M-BW 29
subclass of: TARA_3535998

CV 16
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 227. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 中庭
Indications: Distension and fullness in the chest and intercostal region, hiccup, nausea, anorexia.
Innervation: The medial branch of the anterior cutaneous branch of the sixth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, at the midpoint of the xiphisternal junction, on the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6789717
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zhongting
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0011124
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: Conception Vessel 16
Synonym: RN 16
Synonym: Ren 16
Vasculature: The anterior perforating branches of the internal mammary artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0011124
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: TARA_1092703

BL 55
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 127. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 合陽(阳)
Indications: Low back pain, pain and paralysis of the lower extremities.
Innervation: The medial sural cutaneous nerve; deeper, the tibial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the posterior aspect of the leg, between the lateral head and medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle, 2 B-cun distal to the popliteal crease. Note: 2 B-cun distal to BL40, on the line connecting BL40 with BL57.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.7- 1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Heyang
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001388
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795330
General Body Region: UBERON_0003823
Synonym: B 55
Synonym: Bladder 55
Synonym: UB 55
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 55
Vasculature: The small saphenous vein; deeper, the popliteal artery and vem.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795330
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001388
subclass of: TARA_0995552

BL 51
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 125. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 肓門(门)
Indications: Abdominal pain, constipation, abdominal mass.
Innervation: The lateral branch of the posterior ramus of the twelfth thoracic nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the lumbar region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the first lumbar vertebra (L1), 3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line. Note: BL51, BL22 and GV5 are located at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the first lumbar vertebra (L1).
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Huangmen
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004617
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0005462
Synonym: B 51
Synonym: Bladder 51
Synonym: UB 51
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 51
Vasculature: The posterior branches of the first lumbar artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004617
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0005462
subclass of: TARA_0995552

SP 15
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 77. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 大橫
Indications: Abdominal pain and distension, diarrhea, dysentery, constipation.
Innervation: The tenth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the upper abdomen, 4 B-cun lateral to the centre of the umbilicus. Note: At the same level and lateral to ST25, KI16 and CV8.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4167850
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.7-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Daheng
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
General Body Region: ilx_0795301
Synonym: Spleen 15
Vasculature: The tenth intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795301
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: TARA_5629511

ST 18 (Male)
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 54. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Pain in the chest, cough, asthma, mastitis, insufficient lactation.
Innervation: The branch of the fifth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, in the fifth intercostal space, 4 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note: In males, ST 18 is located at the intersection of nipple line and the fifth intercostal space. In females, ST 18 is located at the midpoint of the inferior crease of the breast.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795299
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795300
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: Stomach 18 (Male)
Vasculature: The branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795300
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795299
subclass of: ST 18

SP 12
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 75. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 衝(冲)門(门)
Indications: Abdominal pain, hernia, dysuria.
Innervation: Just where the femoral nerve traverses.
Acupuncture Location: In the groin region, at the inguinal crease, lateral to the femoral artery. Note: At the same level as CV2, medial and inferior to SP13.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4167850
Acupuncture Method: Avoid puncturing the artery.
Pinyin Label: Chongmen
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002060
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795329
General Body Region: UBERON_0008337
Synonym: Spleen 12
Vasculature: On the medial side, the femoral artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795329
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002060
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008337
subclass of: TARA_5629511

ST 15
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 53. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 屋翳
Indications: Fullness and pain in the chest and the costal region, cough, asthma, mastitis.
Innervation: On the course of the branch of m. pectoralis major derived from the anterior thoracic nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, in the sec- ond intercostal space, 4 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note: The second intercostal space is in- ferior to the second rib which is located at the same level as the sternal angle.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Pinyin Label: Wuyi
Specific Body Region: rib 2
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795295
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795296
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: L 15
Synonym: Stomach 1
Vasculature: See Kufang (ST 14).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: rib 2
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795296
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795295
subclass of: TARA_5282844

GB 28
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 185. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 維(维)道(道)
Indications: Leukorrhea, lower abdominal pain, hernia, prolapse of uterus.
Innervation: The ilioinguinal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the lower abdomen, 0.5 B-cun medioin- ferior to the anterior superior iliac spine. Note: GB28 is 0.5 B-cun medioinferior to gB27.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Weidao
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0013708
General Body Region: ilx_0795303
Synonym: G 28
Synonym: Gallbladder 28
Vasculature: The superficial and deep circumflex iliac arteries and veins.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795303
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0013708
subclass of: TARA_1926756

PC 2
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 152. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 天泉
Indications: Cardiac pain, distension of the hypochondriac region, cough, pain in the chest, back and the medial aspect of the arm.
Innervation: The medial brachial cutaneous nerve and the musculocutaneous nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterior aspect of the arm, between the long head and short head of the biceps brachii muscle, 2 B-cun distal to the anterior axillary fold.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4694897
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.7 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Tianquan
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001507
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795287
General Body Region: UBERON_0001460
Synonym: P 2
Synonym: Pericardium 2
Vasculature: The muscular branches of the brachial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001460
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001507
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795287
subclass of: TARA_3761087

CV 14
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 226. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 巨闕(阙)
Special Point Role: Front-Mu Point of the Heart
Indications: Pain in the cardiac region and the chest, nausea, acid regurgitation, difficulty in swallowing, vomiting, mental disorders, epilepsy, palpitation.
Acupuncture Location: On the upper abdomen, 6 B-cun superior to the centre of the umbilicus, on the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6789717
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.8 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Juque
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795301
Synonym: Conception Vessel 14
Synonym: Front-Mu Point of the Heart
Synonym: RN 14
Synonym: Ren 14
Vasculature: See Zhongwan (CV 12).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Front-Mu Point of the Heart Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795301
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: TARA_1092703
subclass of: Front-Mu Point of the Heart

BL 21
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 110. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 胃兪(俞)
Special Point Role: Back-Shu Point of the Stomach
Indications: Pain in the chest and hypochondriac and epigastric regions, anorexia, abdominal distension, borborygmus, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting.
Innervation: The medial cutaneous branch of the posterior ramus of the twelfth thoracic nerve; deeper, its lateral branch.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the 12th thoracic vertebra (T12), 1.5 B- cun lateral to the posterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5-0.8 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Weishu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004636
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: B 21
Synonym: Back-Shu Point of the Stomach
Synonym: Bladder 21
Synonym: UB 21
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 21
Vasculature: The medial branches of the posterior branches of the subcostal artery and vein.
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.4065/81.6.749
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Back-Shu Point of the Stomach Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004636
subclass of: TARA_0995552
subclass of: Back-Shu Point of the Stomach

CV 11
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 225. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 建里
Indications: Stomachache, vomiting, abdominal distension, borborygmus, edema, anorexia.
Innervation: The anterior cutaneous branch of the eighth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the upper abdomen, 3 B-cun superior to the centre of the umbilicus, on the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6789717
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Jianli
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795301
Synonym: Conception Vessel 11
Synonym: RN 11
Synonym: Ren 11
Vasculature: The branches of the superior and inferior epigastric arteries.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795301
subclass of: TARA_1092703

GB 13
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 178. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 本神(神)
Indications: Headache, insomnia, vertigo, epilepsy.
Innervation: The lateral branch of the frontal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, 0.5 B-cun superior to the anterior hairline, 3 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note: GB13 is at the junction of the medial two thirds and lateral one third of the curved line from gV24 to St8.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Benshen
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795292
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: G 13
Synonym: Gallbladder 13
Vasculature: The frontal branches of the superficial temporal artery and vein, and the lateral branches of the frontal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795292
subclass of: TARA_1926756

BL 59
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 129. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 跗陽(阳)
Special Point Role: Xi-Cleft Point of the Yang Heel Vessel
Indications: Heavy sensation of the head, headache, low back pain, redness and swelling of the external malleolus, paralysis of the lower extremities.
Innervation: The sural nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the posterolateral aspect of the leg, between the fibula and the calcaneal tendon, at the same level as 3 B-cun proximal to BL60.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Fuyang
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001446
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003701
General Body Region: UBERON_0003823
Synonym: B 59
Synonym: Bladder 59
Synonym: UB 59
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 59
Vasculature: The small saphenous vein; deeper, the terminal branch of the peroneal artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Xi-Cleft Point of the Yang Heel Vessel Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001446
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003701
subclass of: TARA_0995552
subclass of: Xi-Cleft Point of the Yang Heel Vessel

ST 28
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 59. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 水道(道)
Indications: Lower abdominal distension, retention of urine, edema, hernia, dysmenorrhea, sterility.
Innervation: A branch of the subcostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the lower abdomen, 3 B-cun inferior to the centre of the umbilicus, 2 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note: ST28 is 3 B-cun inferior to ST25, 1 B-cun inferior to St27, 2 B-cun lateral to CV4.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.7-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Shuidao
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795303
Synonym: S 28
Synonym: Stomach 28
Vasculature: The branches of the subcostal artery and subcostal vein; laterally, the inferior epigastric artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795303
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: TARA_5282844

BL 60
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 129. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 崑(昆)崙(侖,仑)
Special Point Role: TARA_7315457
Indications: Headache, blurring of vision, neck rigidity, epistaxis, pain in the shoulder, back and arm, swelling and pain of the heel, difficult labour, epilepsy.
Innervation: The sural nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the posterolateral aspect of the ankle, in the depression between the prominence of the lateral malleolus and the calcaneal tendon.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Kunlun
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003701
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0012291
General Body Region: UBERON_0004454
Synonym: B 60
Synonym: Bladder 60
Synonym: UB 60
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 60
Vasculature: The small saphenous vein, the posteroexternal malleolar artery and vein.
is studied in article: s0140-6736(05)66871-7
is studied in article: s0304-3959(00)00315-8
is studied in article: j.1600-0412.2000.079005331.x
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2001.00198.x
is studied in article: j.0001-6349.2004.0215.x
is studied in article: bmj.322.7302.1574
is studied in article: Acupuncture Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome A Double-Blind Controlled Study
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0012291
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003701
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_1758929
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004454
subclass of: TARA_0995552
subclass of: TARA_7315457

LR 14 (Female)
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 202. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Hypochondriac pain, abdominal distension, hiccup, acid regurgitation, mastitis, depression, febrile diseases.
Innervation: The sixth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, in the sixth intercostal space, 4 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note: LR 14 is inferior to the centre of the nipple, 2 B-cun lateral to ST 19. In females, LR 14 is located at the intersection of the midclavicular line and the sixth intercostal space.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5419503
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Qimen
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002030
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795307
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795322
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: Front-Mu Point of the Liver
Synonym: LIV 14
Synonym: LV 14
Synonym: Liver 14
Vasculature: The sixth intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002030
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795307
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795322
subclass of: LR 14

SP 20
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 79. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 周榮(荣,栄)
Indications: Fullness in the chest and hypochondriac region, cough, hiccup.
Innervation: The muscular branch of the anterior thoracic nerve, the lateral cutaneous branch of the second intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, in the sec- ond intercostal space, 6 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note: SP20, ST15 and KI25 are located along the curve of the second intercostal space.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4167850
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zhourong
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795295
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: Spleen 20
Vasculature: The lateral thoracic artery and vein, the second intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795295
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: TARA_5629511

GB 11
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 177. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 頭(头)竅(窍)陰(阴)
Indications: Pain of the head and neck, tinnitus, deafness, pain in the ears.
Innervation: The anastomotic branch of the great and lesser occipital nerves.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, posterior and superior to the mastoid process, at the junction of the up- per two thirds and lower one third of the curved line from gB 9 to gB12.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Touqiaoyin
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0011220
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: G 11
Synonym: Gallbladder 11
Vasculature: The branches of the posterior auricular artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0011220
subclass of: TARA_1926756

KI 5
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 138. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 水泉
Special Point Role: TARA_4598552
Indications: Amenorrhea, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, prolapse of uterus, dysuria, blurring of vision.
Acupuncture Location: On the medial aspect of the foot, 1 B-cun inferior to KI3, in the depression anterior to the calcaneal tuberosity.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4813389
Pinyin Label: Shuiquan
Specific Body Region: tubercle of calcaneus
General Body Region: UBERON_0002387
Synonym: K 5
Synonym: Kidney 5
Vasculature: See Dazhong (KI 4).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2798650
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: tubercle of calcaneus
subclass of: TARA_4598552
subclass of: TARA_8866697

PC 9
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 156. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 中衝(冲)
Special Point Role: TARA_2954517
Indications: Cardiac pain, palpitation, loss of consciousness, aphasia with stiffness and swelling of the tongue, febrile diseases, heat stroke, convulsion, feverish sensation in the palm.
Innervation: The palmar digital proprial nerve of the median nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the middle finger, at the centre of the tip of the middle finger. Remarks: Alternative location for PC9 - On the middle finger, 0.1 F-cun proximal to the radial corner of the middle fingernail, at the intersection of the vertical line of the radial side of the nail and the horizontal line of the base of the fingernail.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4694897
Acupuncture Method: Puncture superficially 0.1 inch or prick with a three-edged needle to cause bleeding. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zhongchong
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0009565
General Body Region: manual digit 3
Synonym: P 9
Synonym: Pericardium 9
Vasculature: The arterial and venous network formed by the palmar digital proprial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0009565
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3839815
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: manual digit 3
subclass of: TARA_2954517
subclass of: TARA_3761087

Bailao
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Scrofula, cough, asthma, whooping cough, neck rigidity.
Acupuncture Location: 2 cun above Dazhui (GV 14), 1 cun lateral to the midline.
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Synonym: EX-HN 15
Synonym: M-HN 30
subclass of: TARA_3535998

PC 8
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 155. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 勞(劳,労)宮(宫)
Special Point Role: TARA_9857829
Indications: Cardiac pain, mental disorder, epilepsy, gastritis, foul breath, fungus infection of the hand and foot, vomiting, nausea.
Innervation: The second common palmar digital nerve of the median nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the palm of the hand, in the depression between the second and third metacarpal bones, proximal to the metacarpophalangeal joints. Remarks: Alternative location for PC8 - On the palm of the hand, in the depression, between the third and fourth metacarpal bones, proximal to the metacarpophalangeal joints.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4694897
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Laogong
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003646
Specific Body Region: metacarpal bone of digit 3
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003648
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003695
General Body Region: UBERON_0002398
General Body Region: UBERON_0008878
Synonym: P 8
Synonym: Pericardium 8
Vasculature: The Common palmar digital artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2478120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003646
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008878
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: metacarpal bone of digit 3
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003695
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003648
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002398
subclass of: TARA_3761087
subclass of: TARA_9857829

Lateral Xiyan
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Knee pain, weakness of the lower extremities.
Acupuncture Location: A Xiyan point located in the depression, lateral to the patellar ligament, locating the point with the knee flexed. Lateral Xiyan overlaps with Dubi (ST 35).
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5- 1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003676
General Body Region: UBERON_0001465
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003676
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001465
subclass of: Xiyan

SI 16
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 95. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 天窗(窓)
Indications: Sore throat, sudden loss of voice, deafness, tinnitus, stiffness and pain of the neck.
Innervation: The cutaneous cervical nerve, the emerging portion of the great auricular nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior region of the neck, posterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, at the same level as the superior border of the thyroid cartilage. Note 1: The sternocleidomastoid muscle is more distinct when the head is turned to the opposite side against resistance. Note 2: SI16 is located at the same level as St9, LI18 and the superior border of the thyroid cartilage. St9 is located anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, SI16, posterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle and LI18, midway between the anterior and posterior borders of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9093316
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.7 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Tianchuang
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001128
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001738
General Body Region: UBERON_0000974
Synonym: Small Intestine 16
Vasculature: The ascending cervical artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001128
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001738
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000974
subclass of: TARA_3452202

GB 31
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 187. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 風(风)市
Indications: Pain and soreness in the thigh and lumbar region, paralysis of the lower limbs, beriberi, general pruritus.
Innervation: The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, the muscular branch of the femoral nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the lateral aspect of the thigh, in the depression posterior to the iliotibial band where the tip of the middle finger rests, when standing up with the arms hanging alongside the thigh. Note: GB31 is located by first finding the iliotibial band when the knee is slightly flexed and the hip is abducted against resis- tance.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.7-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Fengshi
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795324
General Body Region: UBERON_0000376
Synonym: G 31
Synonym: Gallbladder 31
Vasculature: The muscular branches of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and vein.
is studied in article: ctim.2001.0442
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215507077362
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795324
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000376
subclass of: TARA_1926756

BL 40
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 119. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 委中
Special Point Role: TARA_6594221
Indications: Low back pain, motor impairment of the hip joint, contracture of the tendons in the popliteal fossa, muscular atrophy, pain, numbness and motor impairment of the lower extremities, hemiplegia, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, erysipelas.
Innervation: The posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, the tibial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the posterior aspect of the knee, at the midpoint of the popliteal crease.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch, or prick the popliteal vein with three-edged needle to cause bleedmg.
Pinyin Label: Weizhong
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795330
General Body Region: UBERON_0001465
Synonym: B 40
Synonym: Bladder 40
Synonym: UB 40
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 40
Vasculature: Superficially, the femoro-popliteal vein; deeper and medially, the popliteal vein; deepest, the popliteal artery.
is studied in article: s0140-6736(05)66871-7
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1089/107555303322284767
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-200311000-00004
is studied in article: aim.22.2.60
is studied in article: journal.pone.0000919
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795330
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_4109407
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001465
subclass of: TARA_0995552
subclass of: TARA_6594221

PC 1
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 152. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 天池
Indications: Suffocating sensation in the chest, pain in the hypochondriac region, swelling and pain of the axillary regIon.
Innervation: The muscular branch of the anterior thoracic nerve, the fourth intercostal nerve
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, in the fourth intercostal space, 5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4694897
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.2-0.4 inch. Deep puncture is not advisable.
Pinyin Label: Tianchi
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795298
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: P 1
Synonym: Pericardium 1
Vasculature: The thoracoepigastric vein, the branches of the lateral thoracic artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795298
subclass of: TARA_3761087

BL 28
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 113. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 膀胱兪(俞)
Special Point Role: Back-Shu Point of the Bladder
Innervation: The lateral branches of the posterior rami of the first and second sacral nerves.
Acupuncture Location: In the sacral region, at the same level as the second posterior sacral foramen, and 1.5 B-cun lateral to the median sacral crest. Note: At the same level as BL32.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.8-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Pangguangshu
Specific Body Region: ilx_0741680
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795314
General Body Region: UBERON_0005473
Synonym: B 28
Synonym: Back-Shu Point of the Bladder
Synonym: Bladder 28
Synonym: UB 28
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 28
Vasculature: The posterior branches of the lateral sacral artery and vein.
is studied in article: j.1600-0412.2000.079005331.x
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0005473
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Back-Shu Point of the Bladder Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0741680
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795314
subclass of: TARA_0995552
subclass of: Back-Shu Point of the Bladder

KI 17
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 144. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 商曲
Indications: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation.
Innervation: The ninth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the upper abdomen, 2 B-cun superior to the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4813389
Pinyin Label: Shangqu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795301
Synonym: K 17
Synonym: Kidney 17
Vasculature: The branches of the superior and inferior epigastric arteries and vems.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795301
subclass of: TARA_8866697

TE 3
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 159. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 中渚(渚)
Special Point Role: TARA_6705086
Indications: Headache, redness of the eyes, deafness, tinnitus, sore throat, febrile diseases, pain in the elbow and arm, motor impairment of fingers.
Innervation: The dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the dorsum of the hand, between the fourth and fifth metacarpal bones, in the depression proximal to the fourth metacarpophalangeal joint.
Meridian Membership: TARA_3898257
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zhongzhu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003648
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003649
Specific Body Region: metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 4
General Body Region: ilx_0794954
Synonym: SJ 3
Synonym: San Jiao 3
Synonym: TB 3
Synonym: TH 3
Synonym: TW 3
Synonym: Triple Burner 3
Synonym: Triple Energizer 3
Synonym: Triple Heater 3
Synonym: Triple Warmer 3
Vasculature: The dorsal venous network of hand and the fourth dorsal metacarpal artery.
is studied in article: j.1526-4610.2006.00598.x
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003648
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_1716565
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0794954
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003649
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 4
subclass of: TARA_5361067
subclass of: TARA_6705086

KI 13
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 142. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 氣(气,気)穴
Indications: Irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, dysuria, abdominal pain, diarrhea.
Innervation: The subcostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the lower abdomen, 3 B-cun inferior to the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4813389
Pinyin Label: Qixue
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795303
Synonym: K 13
Synonym: Kidney 13
Vasculature: See Dahe (KI 12).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795303
subclass of: TARA_8866697

BL 58
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 128. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 飛(飞)揚(扬)
Special Point Role: TARA_6993030
Indications: Headache, blurring of vision, nasal obstruction, epistaxis, back pain, hemorrhoids, weakness of the leg.
Acupuncture Location: On the posterolateral aspect of the leg, between the inferior border of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle and the calcaneal tendon, at the same level as 7 B-cun proximal to BL60. Note: BL58 is located 1 B-cun lateral and distal to BL57, proximal to BL60.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.7-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Feiyang
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001388
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003701
General Body Region: UBERON_0003823
Synonym: B 58
Synonym: Bladder 58
Synonym: UB 58
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 58
is studied in article: s0140-6736(05)66871-7
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2162578
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003701
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001388
subclass of: TARA_0995552
subclass of: TARA_6993030

GB 8
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 175. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 率谷
Indications: Migraine, vertigo, vomiting, infantile convulsion.
Innervation: The anastomotic branch of the auriculotemporal nerve and great occipital nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, directly superior to the auricular apex, 1.5 B-cun superior to the temporal hairline. Note: Superior to TE20, 1.5 B-cun within the hairline, it is easier to palpate the point while the subject is chewing.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Shuaigu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001690
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004104
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: G 8
Synonym: Gallbladder 8
Vasculature: The parietal branches of the superficial temporal artery and vein.
is studied in article: s0304-3959(00)00315-8
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2001.00198.x
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2004.00803.x
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01062.x
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004104
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001690
subclass of: TARA_1926756

BL 43
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 121. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 膏肓
Indications: Pulmonary tuberculosis, cough, asthma, spitting of blood, night sweating, poor memory, nocturnal emisSIon.
Innervation: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the second and third thoracic nerves; deeper, their lateral branches and the dorsoscapular nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous pro- cess of the fourth thoracic vertebra (T4), 3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line. Note: BL43 and BL14 are located at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the fourth thoracic vertebra (T4).
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Gaohuang
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004629
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: B 43
Synonym: Bladder 43
Synonym: UB 43
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 43
Vasculature: The posterior branch of the intercostal artery and the descending branch of the transverse cervical artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004629
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: TARA_0995552

GB 21
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 182. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 肩井
Indications: pain and rigidity of the neck, pain in the shoulder and back, motor impairment of the arm, insufficient lactation, mastitis, scrofula, apoplexy, difficult labour.
Innervation: The posterior branch of the supraclavicular nerve, the accessory nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the posterior region of the neck, at the midpoint of the line connecting the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra (C7) with the lateral end of the acromion.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Jianjing
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002497
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004616
General Body Region: UBERON_0000974
Synonym: G 21
Synonym: Gallbladder 21
Vasculature: The transverse cervical artery and vein.
is studied in article: s100720300062
is studied in article: Efficacy and safety of acupuncture for chronic uncomplicated neck pain: A randomised controlled study
is studied in article: s0304-3959(00)00315-8
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2001.00198.x
is studied in article: Chronic neck pain: a comparison of acupuncture treatment and physiotherapy
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-199809000-00012
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01062.x
is studied in article: Acupuncture for chronic neck pain: a pilot for a randomised controlled trial
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004616
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000974
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002497
subclass of: TARA_1926756

KI 19
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 145. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 陰(阴)都(都)
Indications: Borborygmus, abdominal pain, epigastric pain, constipation, vomiting.
Acupuncture Location: On the upper abdomen, 4 B-cun superior to the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4813389
Pinyin Label: Yindu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795301
Synonym: K 19
Synonym: Kidney 19
Vasculature: See Shiguan (KI 18).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795301
subclass of: TARA_8866697

GV 19
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 213. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 後(后)頂(顶)
Indications: Headache, vertigo, mania, epilepsy.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, 5.5 B-cun superior to the posterior hairline, on the posterior median line. Note: GV19 is located 1.5 B-cun posterior to GV 20.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable. .
Pinyin Label: Houding
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795326
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: Du 19
Synonym: Governor Vessel 19
Vasculature: See Naohu (GV 17).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795326
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: TARA_8364824

BL 12
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 105. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 風(风)門(门)
Indications: Common cold, cough, fever and headache, neck rigidity, backache.
Innervation: Superficially, the medial cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the second and third thoracic nerves; deeper, their lateral cutaneous branches.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the second thoracic vertebra (T2), 1.5 B- cun lateral to the posterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5-0.7 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Fengmen
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004627
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: B 12
Synonym: Bladder 12
Synonym: UB 12
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 12
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004627
subclass of: TARA_0995552

GB 1
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 172. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 瞳子髎(髎)
Indications: Headache, redness and pain of the eyes, failing of vision, lacrimation, deviation of the eye and mouth.
Innervation: The zygomaticofacial and zygomaticotemporal nerve, the temporal branch of the facial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, in the depression, 0.5 B-cun lateral to the outer canthus of the eye.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch.
Pinyin Label: Tongziliao
Specific Body Region: eye
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0006726
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: G 1
Synonym: Gallbladder 1
Vasculature: The zygomaticoorbital artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: eye
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0006726
subclass of: TARA_1926756

TE 9
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 162. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 四瀆(渎)
Indications: Deafness, toothache, migraine, sudden hoarseness of voice, pain in the forearm.
Acupuncture Location: On the posterior aspect of the forearm, midpoint of the interosseous space between the radius and the ulna, 5 B-cun distal to the prominence of the olecranon.
Meridian Membership: TARA_3898257
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Sidu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001423
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001424
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0006508
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0006810
General Body Region: UBERON_0002386
Synonym: SJ 9
Synonym: San Jiao 9
Synonym: TB 9
Synonym: TH 9
Synonym: TW 9
Synonym: Triple Burner 9
Synonym: Triple Energizer 9
Synonym: Triple Heater 9
Synonym: Triple Warmer 9
Vasculature: See Huizong (TE 7).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0006810
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0006508
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001423
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001424
subclass of: TARA_5361067

LI 13
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 40. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 手五里
Indications: Contracture and pain of the elbow and arm, scrofula.
Innervation: The posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve; deeper, the radial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the lateral aspect of the arm, on the line connecting LI11 with LI15, 3 B-cun supe- rior to the cubital crease.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4610474
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Avoid injuring the artery.
Pinyin Label: Shouwuli
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795332
General Body Region: UBERON_0001460
Synonym: Large Intestine 13
Vasculature: The radial collateral artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001460
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795332
subclass of: TARA_7932600

SP 18
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 78. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 天谿(溪)
Indications: Fullness and pain in the chest and hypochondrium, cough, hiccup, mastitis, insufficient lactation.
Innervation: The lateral cutaneous branch of the fourth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, in the fourth intercostal space, 6 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note: SP18, ST17 and KI23 are located along the curve of the fourth intercostal space.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4167850
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Tianxi
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795298
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: Spleen 18
Vasculature: The branches of the lateral thoracic artery and vein, the thoracoepigastric artery and vein, the fourth intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795298
subclass of: TARA_5629511

Erjian
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Redness, swelling and pain of the eyes, febrile disease, nebula.
Acupuncture Location: Fold the auricle, the point is at the apex of the auricle.
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.1-0.2 inch or prick to cause bleeding.
Synonym: EX-HN 6
Synonym: M-HN 10
subclass of: TARA_3535998

LI 5
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 36. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 陽(阳)谿(溪)
Special Point Role: TARA_7315457
Indications: Headache, redness, pain and swelling of the eye, toothache, sore throat, pain of the wrist.
Innervation: The superficial branch of the radial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the posterolateral aspect of the wrist, at the radial side of the dorsal wrist crease, distal to the radial styloid process, in the depression of the anatomical snuffbox. Note : The depression of the anatomical snuffbox is formed when the thumb is fully abducted and extended between the tendons of the extensor pollicis longus and the extensor pollicis brevis.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4610474
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yangxi
Specific Body Region: UBERON_7500078
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795289
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795333
Specific Body Region: extensor pollicis brevis tendon
Specific Body Region: extensor pollicis longus tendon
General Body Region: UBERON_0004452
Synonym: Large Intestine 5
Vasculature: The cephalic vein, the radial artery and its dorsal carpal branch.
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-199809000-00012
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795289
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004452
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_7500078
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795333
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_1758929
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: extensor pollicis longus tendon
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: extensor pollicis brevis tendon
subclass of: TARA_7315457
subclass of: TARA_7932600

GB 24 (Female)
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 183. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Pain in the hypochondriac region, vomiting, acid regurgitation, hiccup, jaundice, mastitis.
Innervation: The seventh intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, in the sev- enth intercostal space, 4 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note 1: GB 24 is inferior to the centre of the nipple, one rib inferior to LR 14. Note 2: In females, GB24 can be found at the intersection of the midclavicular line and the seventh intercostal space.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002030
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795321
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795322
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: Front-Mu Point of the Gallbladder
Synonym: G 24
Synonym: Gallbladder 24
Vasculature: The seventh intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002030
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795322
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795321
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: GB 24

ST 25
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 58. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 天樞(枢)
Special Point Role: Front-Mu Point of the Large Intestine
Indications: Abdominal pain and distension, borborygmus, pain around the umbilicus, constipation, diarrhea, dysentery, irregular menstruation, edema.
Innervation: The branch of the tenth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the upper abdomen, 2 B-cun lateral to the centre of the umbilicus.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.7-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Tianshu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
General Body Region: ilx_0795301
Synonym: Front-Mu Point of the Large Intestine
Synonym: S 25
Synonym: Stomach 25
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795301
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Front-Mu Point of the Large Intestine Role
subclass of: Front-Mu Point of the Large Intestine
subclass of: TARA_5282844

KI 20
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 145. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 腹通(通)谷
Indications: Abdominal pain and distension, vomiting, indigestion.
Acupuncture Location: On the upper abdomen, 5 B-cun superior to the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4813389
Pinyin Label: Futonggu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795301
Synonym: K 20
Synonym: Kidney 20
Vasculature: See Shlguan (KI 18).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795301
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: TARA_8866697

GB 32
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 187. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 中瀆(渎)
Indications: Pain and soreness of the thigh and knee, numbness and weakness of the lower limbs, hemiplegia.
Acupuncture Location: On the lateral aspect of the thigh, posterior to the iliotibial band, 7 B-cun superior to the popliteal crease.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.7-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zhongdu
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795324
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795330
General Body Region: UBERON_0000376
Synonym: G 32
Synonym: Gallbladder 32
Vasculature: See Fengshi (GB 31).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000376
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795330
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795324
subclass of: TARA_1926756

ST 17 (Male)
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 54. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, at the centre of the nipple. Note: In males, the centre of the nipple is located in the fourth intercostal space.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002030
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795298
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: Stomach 17 (Male)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795298
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002030
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: ST 17

BL 15
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 107. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 心兪(俞)
Special Point Role: Back-Shu Point of the Heart
Indications: Cardiac pain, panic, loss of memory, palpitation, cough, spitting of blood, nocturnal emission, night sweating, mania, epilepsy.
Innervation: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the fifth and sixth thoracic nerves; deeper, their lateral branches.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous pro- cess of the fifth thoracic vertebra (T5), 1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5-0.7 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Xinshu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004630
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: B 15
Synonym: Back-Shu Point of the Heart
Synonym: Bladder 15
Synonym: UB 15
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 15
Vasculature: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004630
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Back-Shu Point of the Heart Role
subclass of: TARA_0995552
subclass of: Back-Shu Point of the Heart

CV 23
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 231. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 廉泉
Indications: Swelling and pain of the subglossal region, salivation with glossoplegia, aphasia with stiffness of tongue by apoplexy, sudden hoarseness of the voice, difficulty in swallowing.
Innervation: The branch of the cutaneous cervical nerve, the hypoglossal nerve, and the branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior region of the neck, superior to superior border to thyroid cartilage, in the depression superior to the hyoid bone, on the anterior median line. Note: With the head slightly extended, the hyoid tubercle can be palpated between the mandible and the thyroid cartilage.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6789717
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5-1.0 inch toward the tongue root. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Lianquan
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001684
Specific Body Region: hyoid bone
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001738
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795328
General Body Region: UBERON_0000974
Synonym: Conception Vessel 23
Synonym: RN 23
Synonym: Ren 23
Vasculature: The anterior jugular vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001738
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795328
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000974
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001684
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: hyoid bone
subclass of: TARA_1092703

TE 15
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 165. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 天髎(髎)
Indications: Pain in the shoulder and elbow, stiffness of the neck.
Innervation: The accessory nerve and the branch of the suprascapular nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the scapular region, in the depression superior to the superior angle of the scapula. Note: With the upper limb hanging by the side of trunk in a seated position, TE15 is located midway between gB21 and SI13.
Meridian Membership: TARA_3898257
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Tianliao
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0006849
General Body Region: ilx_0795319
Synonym: SJ 15
Synonym: San Jiao 15
Synonym: TB 15
Synonym: TH 15
Synonym: TW 15
Synonym: Triple Burner 15
Synonym: Triple Energizer 15
Synonym: Triple Heater 15
Synonym: Triple Warmer 15
Vasculature: The descending branch of the transverse cervical artery; deeper, the muscular branch of the suprascapular artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0006849
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795319
subclass of: TARA_5361067

Sifeng
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Malnutrition and indigestion syndrome in children, whooping cough.
Acupuncture Location: On the palmar surface, in the midpoint of the transverse creases of the proximal interphalangeal joints of the index, middle, ring and little fingers.
Acupuncture Method: Prick to cause bleeding, or squeeze out a small amount of yellowish viscous fluid locally.
Synonym: EX-UE 10
Synonym: M-UE 9
subclass of: TARA_3535998

SI 8
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 91. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 小海(海)
Special Point Role: TARA_6594221
Indications: Headache, swelling of the cheek, pain in the nape, shoulder, arm and elbow, epilepsy.
Innervation: The branches of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, the ulnar nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the posteromedial aspect of the elbow, in the depression between the olecranon and the medial epicondyle of the humerus bone. Note: When the elbow is slightly flexed, SI 8 is located in the groove for the ulnar nerve.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9093316
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Xiaohai
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0000976
Specific Body Region: ulnar nerve
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0006806
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0006810
General Body Region: UBERON_0001461
Synonym: Small Intestine 8
Vasculature: The superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries and veins, the ulnar recurrent artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_4109407
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0006806
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000976
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0006810
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001461
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ulnar nerve
subclass of: TARA_3452202
subclass of: TARA_6594221

ST 29
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 60. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 歸(归,帰)來(来)
Indications: Abdominal pain, hernia, dysmenorrhea, irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, leucorrhea, prolapse of the uterus.
Innervation: The iliohypogastric nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the lower abdomen, 4 B-cun inferior to the centre of the umbilicus, 2 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note: ST29 is 4 B-cun inferior to ST25, 1 B-cun inferior to St28, 2 B-cun lateral to CV3.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.7-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Guilai
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795303
Synonym: S 29
Synonym: Stomach 29
Vasculature: Laterally, the inferior epigastric artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795303
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: TARA_5282844

ST 3
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 47. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 巨髎(髎)
Indications: Facial paralysis, eyelid twitch, epistaxis, toothache, swelling of lips and cheek.
Innervation: The branches of the facial and infraorbital nerves.
Acupuncture Location: On the face, directly inferior to the pupil, at the same level as the inferior border of the ala of the nose. Note: When looking straight ahead, ST3 is located at the intersection of the vertical line of the pupil and the horizontal line of the inferior border of the ala of the nose.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Juliao
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001771
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0006906
General Body Region: UBERON_0001456
Synonym: S 3
Synonym: Stomach 3
Vasculature: The branches of the facial and infraorbital arteries and veins.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0006906
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001771
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001456
subclass of: TARA_5282844

SI 12
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 93. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 秉風(风)
Indications: Pain in the scapular region, numbness and aching of the upper extremities, motor impairment of the shoulder and arm.
Innervation: The lateral suprascapular nerve and accessory nerve; deeper, the suprascapular nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the scapular region, in the supraspinatous fossa, superior to the midpoint of the spine of the scapula.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9093316
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.7 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Bingfeng
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004651
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0006849
General Body Region: ilx_0795319
Synonym: Small Intestine 12
Vasculature: The suprascapular artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0006849
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004651
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795319
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0006849
subclass of: TARA_3452202

TE 14
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 164. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 肩髎(髎)
Indications: Pain and motor impairment of the shoulder and upper arm.
Innervation: The muscular branch of the axillary nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the shoulder girdle, in the depression between the acromial angle and the greater tubercle of the humerus. Note: When the elbow is flexed and the arm is abducted, two depressions appear respectively anterior and posterior to the acromion. LI15 is located in the anterior one, deeper than the posterior one, in which tE14 is located.
Meridian Membership: TARA_3898257
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.7-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Jianliao
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002497
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0011187
General Body Region: UBERON_0001421
Synonym: SJ 14
Synonym: San Jiao 14
Synonym: TB 14
Synonym: TH 14
Synonym: TW 14
Synonym: Triple Burner 14
Synonym: Triple Energizer 14
Synonym: Triple Heater 14
Synonym: Triple Warmer 14
Vasculature: The muscular branch of the posterior circumflex humeral artery.
is studied in article: Randomised trial of long term effect of acupuncture for shoulder pain *
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002497
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0011187
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001421
subclass of: TARA_5361067

GV 6
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 206. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 脊中
Indications: Pain in the epigastric region, diarrhea, jaundice, epilepsy, stiffness and pain of the back.
Innervation: The medial branch of the posterior ramus of the eleventh thoracic nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, in the depression inferior to the spinous process of the 11th thoracic vertebra (T11), on the posterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch.
Pinyin Label: Jizhong
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004635
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: Du 6
Synonym: Governor Vessel 6
Vasculature: The posterior branch of the eleventh intercostal artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004635
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: TARA_8364824

ST 37
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 64. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 上巨虛(虚)
Special Point Role: The Lower He-Sea Point of the Large Intestine
Indications: Abdominal pain and distension, borborygmus, diarrhea, dysentery, constipation, enteritis, paralysis due to stroke, beriberi.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterior aspect of the leg, on the line connecting ST35 with ST41, 6 B-cun inferior to ST35. Note: ST37 is located on the tibialis anterior muscle.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Shangjuxu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001385
General Body Region: UBERON_0003823
Synonym: S 37
Synonym: Stomach 37
Synonym: The Lower He-Sea Point of the Large Intestine
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01062.x
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001385
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: The Lower He-Sea Point of the Large Intestine Role
subclass of: The Lower He-Sea Point of the Large Intestine
subclass of: TARA_5282844

CV 19
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 229. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 紫宮(宫)
Indications: Pain in the chest, asthma, cough.
Innervation: The anterior cutaneous branch of the second intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, at the same level as the second intercostal space, on the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6789717
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zigong
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795295
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: Conception Vessel 19
Synonym: RN 19
Synonym: Ren 19
Vasculature: See Zhongting (CV 16).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795295
subclass of: TARA_1092703

ST 41
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 66. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 解谿(溪)
Special Point Role: TARA_7315457
Indications: Pain of the ankle joint, muscular atrophy, motor impairment, pain and paralysis of the lower extremities, epilepsy, headache, dizziness and vertigo, abdominal distension, constipation.
Innervation: The superficial and deep peroneal nerves.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterior aspect of the ankle, in the depression at the centre of the front surface of the ankle joint, between the tendons of extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus. Note: ST41 is located between two tendons on the dorsum of the foot which are more distinct when the ankle is in dorsiflexion, and is at the midpoint of the line connecting the prominences of the lateral malleolus and the medial malleolus.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.7 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Jiexi
Specific Body Region: tibiotalar joint
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0012291
Specific Body Region: tendon of extensor hallucis longus
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795504
General Body Region: UBERON_0004454
Synonym: S 41
Synonym: Stomach 41
Vasculature: The anterior tibial artery and vein.
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-199809000-00012
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: tendon of extensor hallucis longus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0012291
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004454
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_1758929
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: tibiotalar joint
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795504
subclass of: TARA_5282844
subclass of: TARA_7315457

KI 8
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 139. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 交信
Special Point Role: Xi-Cleft Point of the Yin Heel Vessel
Indications: Irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, uterine bleeding, prolapse of uterus, diarrhea, constipation, pain and swelling of testis.
Innervation: The medial crural cutaneous nerve; deeper, the tibial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the medial aspect of the leg, in the depression posterior to the medial border of the tibial bone, 2 B-cun superior to the prominence of the medial malleolus. Note: 0.5 B-cun anterior to KI7.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4813389
Pinyin Label: Jiaoxin
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0000979
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795305
General Body Region: UBERON_0003823
Synonym: K 8
Synonym: Kidney 8
Vasculature: Deeper, the posterior tibial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795305
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000979
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Xi-Cleft Point of the Yin Heel Vessel Role
subclass of: Xi-Cleft Point of the Yin Heel Vessel
subclass of: TARA_8866697

BL 13
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 106. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 肺兪(俞)
Special Point Role: Back-Shu Point of the Lung
Indications: Cough, asthma, chest pain, spitting of blood, afternoon fever, night sweating.
Innervation: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the third and fourth thoracic nerves; deeper, their lateral branches.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous pro- cess of the third thoracic vertebra (T3), 1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 05-0.7 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Feishu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004628
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: B 13
Synonym: Back-Shu Point of the Lung
Synonym: Bladder 13
Synonym: UB 13
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 13
Vasculature: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004628
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Back-Shu Point of the Lung Role
subclass of: TARA_0995552
subclass of: Back-Shu Point of the Lung

GB 22
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 182. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 淵(渊)液
Indications: Fullness of the chest, swelling of the axillary region, pain in the hypochondriac region, pain and motor impairment of the arm.
Innervation: The lateral cutaneous branch of the fifth intercostal nerve, the branch of the long thoracic nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the lateral thoracic region, in the fourth intercostal space, on the midaxillary line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch.
Pinyin Label: Yuanye
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795298
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795308
General Body Region: ilx_0795306
Synonym: G 22
Synonym: Gallbladder 22
Vasculature: The thoracoepigastric vein, the lateral thoracic artery and vein, the fifth intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795298
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795308
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795306
subclass of: TARA_1926756

GV 17
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 212. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 腦(脑,脳)戶
Indications: Epilepsy, dizziness, pain and stiffness of the neck.
Innervation: The branch of the great occipital nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, in the depression superior to the external occipital protuberance. Note: GV17 is located in the depression at the intersection of two imaginary lines: the vertical line of the posterior median line and the horizontal line of the superior border of the external occipital protuberance, at the same level as BL9.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Naohu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0013469
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: Du 17
Synonym: Governor Vessel 17
Vasculature: The branches of the occipital arteries and veins of the both sides.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0013469
subclass of: TARA_8364824

BL 19
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 109. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 膽兪(俞)
Special Point Role: Back-Shu Point of the Gallbladder
Indications: Jaundice, bitter taste of the mouth, pain in the chest and hypochondriac region, pulmonary tuberculosis, afternoon fever.
Innervation: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the tenth and eleventh thoracic nerves; deeper, their lateral branches.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the tenth thoracic vertebra (T10), 1.5 B- cun lateral to the posterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5-0.8 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Danshu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004634
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: B 19
Synonym: Back-Shu Point of the Gallbladder
Synonym: Bladder 19
Synonym: UB 19
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 19
Vasculature: The medial branches of the posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004634
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Back-Shu Point of the Gallbladder Role
subclass of: TARA_0995552
subclass of: Back-Shu Point of the Gallbladder

Influential Point of Pulse
type: Class
description: The Eight Influential Points refer to the specific points which have particular effects in treatment of disorders relating to the zang-fu organs, qi, blood, tendon, pulse and vessels, bone and marrow. Each of the Eight Influential Points overlaps the other point. Taiyuan (LU 9) is the Influential Point of blood.
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Influential Point of Pulse Role
subclass of: TARA_7010544
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_7010544
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Influential Point of Pulse Role

Zhongkui
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Nausea, vomiting, hiccup.
Acupuncture Location: On the midpoint of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the middle finger at dorsum aspect.
Acupuncture Method: Moxibustion is applied with three moxa cones.
Synonym: EX-UE 4
subclass of: TARA_3535998

TE 11
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 163. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 淸(清)冷(令)淵(渊)
Innervation: The posterior brachial cutaneous nerve and the muscular branch of the radial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the posterior aspect of the arm, on the line connecting the prominence of olecranon with the acromial angle, 2 B-cun proximal to the prominence of the olecranon. Note: With the elbow extended, 2 B-cun superior to the prominence of the olecranon.
Meridian Membership: TARA_3898257
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Qinglengyuan
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001461
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0006810
General Body Region: UBERON_0001460
Synonym: SJ 11
Synonym: San Jiao 11
Synonym: TB 11
Synonym: TH 11
Synonym: TW 11
Synonym: Triple Burner 11
Synonym: Triple Energizer 11
Synonym: Triple Heater 11
Synonym: Triple Warmer 11
Vasculature: The terminal branches of the median collateral artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001460
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001461
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0006810
subclass of: TARA_5361067

GB 24 (Male)
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 183. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Pain in the hypochondriac region, vomiting, acid regurgitation, hiccup, jaundice, mastitis.
Innervation: The seventh intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, in the sev- enth intercostal space, 4 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note 1: GB 24 is inferior to the centre of the nipple, one rib inferior to LR 14. Note 2: In females, GB24 can be found at the intersection of the midclavicular line and the seventh intercostal space.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002030
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795321
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: Front-Mu Point of the Gallbladder
Synonym: G 24
Synonym: Gallbladder 24
Vasculature: The seventh intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795321
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002030
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: GB 24

LI 1
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 34. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 商陽(阳)
Special Point Role: TARA_2954517
Indications: Toothache, sore throat, swelling of the submandibular region, numbness of fingers, febrile diseases with anhidrosis, loss of consciousness.
Innervation: The palmar digital proprial nerve derived from the median nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the index finger, radial to the distal phalanx, 0.1 f-cun proximal-lateral to the radial corner of the index fingernail, at the intersection of the vertical line of the radial border of the fingernail and the horizontal line of the base of the index fingernail.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4610474
Acupuncture Method: Puncture 0.1 inch, or prick the point to cause bleeding.
Pinyin Label: Shangyang
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004300
Specific Body Region: nail of manual digit 2
General Body Region: UBERON_0003622
Synonym: Large Intestine 1
Vasculature: The arterial and venous network formed by the dorsal digital arteries and veins.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003622
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: nail of manual digit 2
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004300
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3839815
subclass of: TARA_2954517
subclass of: TARA_7932600

GB 37
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 190. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 光明
Special Point Role: TARA_6993030
Indications: Pain in the knee, muscular atrophy, motor impairment and pain of the lower extremities, blurring of vision, ophthalmalgia, night blindness, distending pain of the breast.
Innervation: The superficial peroneal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the fibular aspect of the leg, anterior to the fibula, 5 B-cun proximal to the prominence of the lateral malleolus.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.7-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Guangming
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001446
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0012291
General Body Region: UBERON_0003823
Synonym: G 37
Synonym: Gallbladder 37
Vasculature: The branches of the anterior tibial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001446
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0012291
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2162578
subclass of: TARA_1926756
subclass of: TARA_6993030

ST 2
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 46. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 四白
Indications: Redness, pain and itching of the eye, facial paralysis, twitching of eye lids, pain in the face.
Innervation: The branches of the facial nerve. The point is right on the course of the infraorbital nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the face, in the infraorbital foramen.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.2-0.3 inch. It is not advisable to puncture deeply.
Pinyin Label: Sibai
Specific Body Region: infra-orbital foramen of maxilla
General Body Region: UBERON_0001456
Synonym: S 2
Synonym: Stomach 2
Vasculature: The branches of facial artery and vein, the infraorbital artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: infra-orbital foramen of maxilla
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001456
subclass of: TARA_5282844

HT 6
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 84. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 陰(阴)郄
Special Point Role: TARA_4598552
Indications: Cardiac pain, hysteria, night sweating, hemoptysis, epistaxis, sudden loss of voice.
Acupuncture Location: On the anteromedial aspect of the forearm, radial to the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon, 0.5 B-cun proximal to the palmar wrist crease. Note 1: 0.5 B-cun proximal to HT7, at the same level as the distal border of the head of the ulna. Note 2: 0.5 B-cun proximal to the radial side of the proximal border of the pisiform bone.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9474009
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yinxi
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001424
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001429
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795334
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795501
General Body Region: UBERON_0002386
Synonym: H 6
Synonym: HE 6
Synonym: Heart 6
Vasculature: See Lingdao (HT 4).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001429
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001424
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2798650
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795334
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795501
subclass of: TARA_1194553
subclass of: TARA_4598552

ST 36
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 64. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 足三里
Special Point Role: TARA_6594221
Indications: Gastric pain, vomiting, hiccup, abdominal distension, borborygmus, diarrhea, dysentery, constipation, mastitis, enteritis, aching of the knee joint and leg, beriberi, edema, cough, asthma, emaciation due to general deficiency, indigestion, apoplexy, hemiplegia, dizziness, insomnia, mania.
Innervation: Superficially, the lateral sural cutaneous nerve and the cutaneous branch of the saphenous nerve; deeper, the deep peroneal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterior aspect of the leg, on the line connecting ST35 with ST41, 3 B-cun inferior to ST35. Note: ST36 is located on the tibialis anterior muscle.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zusanli
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001385
General Body Region: UBERON_0003823
Synonym: S 36
Synonym: Stomach 36
Vasculature: The anterior tibial artery and vein.
is studied in article: s100720300062
is studied in article: s0140-6736(05)66871-7
is studied in article: s0304-3959(00)00315-8
is studied in article: The effect of high and low frequency electroacupuncture in pain after lower abdominal surgery
is studied in article: j.1365-2044.1999.01030.x
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2001.00198.x
is studied in article: j.1526-4610.2002.02203.x
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1080/165019702760279233
is studied in article: acm.1999.5.521
is studied in article: acm.2005.11.663
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01062.x
is studied in article: Electroacupuncture for Tension-type Headache on Distal Acupoints Only: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial
is studied in article: bmj.38512.405440.8f
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215507077362
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-7-35
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.4065/81.6.749
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_4109407
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001385
subclass of: TARA_5282844
subclass of: TARA_6594221

CV 22
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 230. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 天突
Indications: Asthma, cough, sore throat, dry throat, hiccup, sudden hoarseness of the voice, difficulty in swallowing, goiter.
Innervation: The anterior branch of the supraclavicular nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior region of the neck, in the centre of the suprasternal fossa, on the anterior median line. Note: CV22 is located in the depression midway between the medial ends of each clavicle.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6789717
Acupuncture Method: First puncture perpendicularly 0.2 inch and then insert the needle tip downward along the posterior aspect of the sternum 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Tiantu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001105
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795331
General Body Region: UBERON_0000974
Synonym: Conception Vessel 22
Synonym: RN 22
Synonym: Ren 22
Vasculature: Superficially, the jugular arch and the branch of the inferior thyroid artery; deeper, the trachea; inferiorly, at the posterior aspect of the sternum, the inominate vein at aortic arch.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000974
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001105
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795331
subclass of: TARA_1092703

PC 5
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 154. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 間(间)使
Special Point Role: TARA_7315457
Indications: Cardiac pain, palpitation, stomachache, vomiting, febrile diseases, irritability, malaria, mental disorders, epilepsy, swelling of the axilla, contracture of the elbow and arm.
Innervation: The medial and lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerves, the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve; deeper, the anterior interosseous nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterior aspect of the forearm, between the tendons of the palmaris longus and the flexor carpi radialis, 3 B-cun proximal to the palmar wrist crease. Note 1: With the fist clenched, the wrist supinated and the elbow slightly flexed, the two tendons become more prominent. PC5 is located 3 B-cun proximal to PC7. Note 2: If the palmaris longus tendon is not present, PC5 is medial to the flexor carpi radialis tendon.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4694897
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Jianshi
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0016496
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795334
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795500
General Body Region: UBERON_0002386
Synonym: P 5
Synonym: Pericardium 5
Vasculature: The median artery and vein; deeper, the anterior interosseous artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795334
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_1758929
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016496
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795500
subclass of: TARA_3761087
subclass of: TARA_7315457

LR 3
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 197. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 太衝(冲)
Special Point Role: TARA_1840369
Special Point Role: TARA_6705086
Indications: Headache, dizziness and vertigo, insomnia, congestion, swelling and pain of the eye, depression, infantile convulsion, deviation of the mouth, pain in the hypochondriac region, uterine bleeding, hernia, enuresis, retention of urine, epilepsy, pain in the anterior aspect of the medial malleolus.
Innervation: The branch of the deep peroneal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the dorsum of the foot, between the first and second metatarsal bones, in the depression distal to the junction of the bases of the two bones, over the dorsalis pedis artery. Note: LR3 can be felt in the depression when moving proximally from Lr2 in the gap between the first and second metatarsal bones towards the base of two metatarsal bones.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5419503
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Taichong
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001539
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003650
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003651
General Body Region: UBERON_0002387
Synonym: LIV 3
Synonym: LV 3
Synonym: Liver 3
Vasculature: The dorsal venous network of the foot, the first dorsal metatarsal artery.
is studied in article: s100720300062
is studied in article: Manual Acupuncture for Analgesia During Electromyography: A Pilot Study
is studied in article: s0304-3959(00)00315-8
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2001.00198.x
is studied in article: j.1526-4610.2002.02203.x
is studied in article: acm.2005.11.663
is studied in article: The effect of acupuncture on patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study
is studied in article: j.0001-6349.2004.0215.x
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2004.00803.x
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01062.x
is studied in article: j.1526-4610.2006.00598.x
is studied in article: bmj.322.7302.1574
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003650
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003651
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3455429
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001539
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_1716565
subclass of: TARA_0739106
subclass of: TARA_1840369
subclass of: TARA_6705086

GB 23
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 183. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 輒(辄)筋
Indications: Fullness of the chest, pain in the hypochondriac region, asthma.
Innervation: The lateral cutaneous branch of the fifth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the lateral thoracic region, in the fourth intercostal space, 1 B-cun anterior to the midaxillary line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zhejin
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795298
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795308
General Body Region: ilx_0795306
Synonym: G 23
Synonym: Gallbladder 23
Vasculature: The lateral thoracic artery and vein, the fifth intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795298
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795306
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795308
subclass of: TARA_1926756

LU 8
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 29. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 經(经,経)渠
Special Point Role: TARA_7315457
Indications: Cough, asthma, fever, pain in the chest, sore throat, pain in the wrist.
Innervation: The lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve and the superficial branch of the radial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterolateral aspect of the forearm, between the radial styloid process and the radial artery, 1 B-cun superior to the palmar wrist crease. Note: 1 B-cun superior to LU9.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9964503
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.1-0.3 inch. Avoid puncturing the radial artery.
Pinyin Label: Jingqu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001404
Specific Body Region: UBERON_7500078
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795334
General Body Region: UBERON_0002386
Synonym: L 8
Synonym: Lung 8
Vasculature: Laterally, the radial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_1758929
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001404
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795334
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_7500078
subclass of: TARA_1459681
subclass of: TARA_7315457

GV 27
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 217. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 兌(兑)端
Indications: Mental disorders, lip twitching, lip stiffness, pain and swelling of the gums.
Innervation: The buccal branch of the facial nerve, and the branch of the infraorbital nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the face, at the midpoint of the tubercle of the upper lip.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely upward 0.2-0.3 inch.
Pinyin Label: Duiduan
Specific Body Region: upper lip
General Body Region: UBERON_0001456
Synonym: Du 27
Synonym: Governor Vessel 27
Vasculature: The superior labial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001456
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: upper lip
subclass of: TARA_8364824

KI 25
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 148. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 神(神)藏(蔵)
Indications: Cough, asthma, chest pain.
Innervation: The anterior cutaneous branch of the second intercostal nerve; deeper, the second intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, in the second intercostal space, 2 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4813389
Pinyin Label: Shencang
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795295
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: K 25
Synonym: Kidney 25
Vasculature: The second intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795295
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: TARA_8866697

TE 17
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 166. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 翳風(风)
Indications: Tinnitus, deafness, otorrhea, facial paralysis, toothache, swelling of the cheek, scrofula, trismus.
Innervation: The great auricular nerve; deeper, the site where the facial nerve perforates out of the stylomastoid foramen.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior region of the neck, posterior to the ear lobe, in the depression anterior to the inferior end of the mastoid process.
Meridian Membership: TARA_3898257
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yifeng
Specific Body Region: lobule of pinna
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0011220
General Body Region: UBERON_0000974
Synonym: SJ 17
Synonym: San Jiao 17
Synonym: TB 17
Synonym: TH 17
Synonym: TW 17
Synonym: Triple Burner 17
Synonym: Triple Energizer 17
Synonym: Triple Heater 17
Synonym: Triple Warmer 17
Vasculature: The posterior auricular artery and vein, the external jugular vein.
is studied in article: archotol.125.5.567
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01062.x
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1177/0163278704273081
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0011220
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000974
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: lobule of pinna
subclass of: TARA_5361067

Bafeng
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Beriberi, toe pain, redness and swelling of the dorsum of the foot.
Acupuncture Location: On the dorsum of foot, in the depressions on the webs between toes, proximal to the margins of the webs, at the junction of the red and white skin, eight points in all.
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5-0.8 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Synonym: EX-LE 10
Synonym: M-LE 8
subclass of: TARA_3535998

LI 20
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 43. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 迎(迎)香
Indications: Nasal obstruction, hyposmia, epistaxis, rhinorrhea, deviation of the mouth, itching and swelling of the face.
Innervation: The anastomotic branch of the facial nerve and infraorbital nerves.
Acupuncture Location: On the face, in the nasolabial sulcus, at the same level as the midpoint of lateral border of the ala of the nose. Remarks: Alternative location for LI20 - On the face, in the nasolabial sulcus, at the level of the inferior border of the ala of the nose.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4610474
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely or subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch.
Pinyin Label: Yingxiang
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0006906
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795290
General Body Region: UBERON_0001456
Synonym: Large Intestine 20
Vasculature: The facial artery and vein, the branches of the infraorbital artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001456
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0006906
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795290
subclass of: TARA_7932600

HT 8
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 85. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 少府
Special Point Role: TARA_9857829
Indications: Palpitation, pain in the chest, spasmodic pain of the little finger, feverish sensation in the palm, enuresis, dysuria, pruritus of the external genitalia.
Innervation: The fourth common palmar digital nerve derived from the ulnar nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the palm of the hand, in the depression between the fourth and fifth metacarpal bones, proximal to the fifth metacarpophalangeal joint. Note: Between the fourth and fifth metacarpal bones, where the tip of the little finger rests when a fist is made, at the same level as PC8.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9474009
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Shaofu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003625
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003648
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003649
Specific Body Region: metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 5
General Body Region: UBERON_0002398
General Body Region: UBERON_0008878
Synonym: H 8
Synonym: HE 8
Synonym: Heart 8
Vasculature: The common palmar digital artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002398
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003649
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 5
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2478120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003648
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008878
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003625
subclass of: TARA_1194553
subclass of: TARA_9857829

GB 35
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 189. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 陽(阳)交
Special Point Role: Xi-Cleft Point of the Yang Link Vessel
Indications: Fullness of the chest and hypochondriac region, muscular atrophy and paralysis of the leg.
Innervation: The lateral sural cutaneous nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the fibular aspect of the leg, posterior to the fibula, 7 B-cun proximal to the prominence of the lateral malleolus. Note: GB35 is located 1 B-cun distal to the midpoint of the line connecting the prominence of the lateral malleolus and the lateral end of the popliteal crease, posterior to gB36.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.8 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yangjiao
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001446
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0012291
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795330
General Body Region: UBERON_0003823
Synonym: G 35
Synonym: Gallbladder 35
Vasculature: The branches of the peroneal artery and vein.
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215507077362
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Xi-Cleft Point of the Yang Link Vessel Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001446
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0012291
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795330
subclass of: TARA_1926756
subclass of: Xi-Cleft Point of the Yang Link Vessel

ST 39
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 65. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 下巨虛(虚)
Special Point Role: The Lower He-Sea Point of the Small Intestine
Indications: Lower abdominal pain, backache referring to the testis, mastitis, numbness and paralysis of the lower extremities.
Innervation: The branches of the superficial peroneal nerve and the deep peroneal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterior aspect of the leg, on the line connecting ST35 with ST41, 9 B-cun inferior to ST35. Note: ST39 is located on the tibialis anterior muscle, at the same level as GB35 and gB36.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Xiajuxu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001385
General Body Region: UBERON_0003823
Synonym: S 39
Synonym: Stomach 39
Synonym: The Lower He-Sea Point of the Small Intestine
Vasculature: The anterior tibial artery and anterior tibial vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001385
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: The Lower He-Sea Point of the Small Intestine Role
subclass of: TARA_5282844
subclass of: The Lower He-Sea Point of the Small Intestine

GB 15
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 179. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 頭(头)臨(临)泣
Indications: Headache, vertigo, lacrimation, pain in the outer canthus, rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction.
Innervation: The anastomotic branch of the medial and lateral branches of the frontal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, 0.5 B-cun within the anterior hairline, directly superior to the centre of the pupil. Note: When looking straight ahead, GB15 is superior to the centre of the pupil, at the midpoint of the curved line from gV24 to St8.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Toulinqi
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001771
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795292
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: G 15
Synonym: Gallbladder 15
Vasculature: The frontal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795292
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001771
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: TARA_1926756

BL 32
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 115. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 次髎(髎)
Indications: Low back pain, hernia, irregular menstruation, leukorrhea, dysmenorrhea, nocturnal emission, impotence, enuresis, dysuria, muscular atrophy, pain, numbness and motor impairment of the lower extremities.
Innervation: The posterior ramus of the second sacral nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the sacral region, in the second posterior sacral foramen. Note: The second posterior sacral foramen is located in the depression, midway be- tween the posterior superior iliac spine and the spinous process of the second sacral vertebra.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.8-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Chiliao
Specific Body Region: sacral vertebra 2
Specific Body Region: posterior superior iliac spine
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795314
General Body Region: UBERON_0005473
Synonym: B 32
Synonym: Bladder 32
Synonym: UB 32
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 32
Vasculature: The posterior branches of the lateral sacral artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: posterior superior iliac spine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0005473
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: sacral vertebra 2
subclass of: TARA_0995552

TE 23
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 169. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 絲(丝)竹空
Indications: Headache, redness and pain of the eye, blurring of vision, twitching of the eyelid, toothache, facial paralysis.
Innervation: The zygomatic branch of the facial nerve and the branch of the auriculotemporal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, in the depression at the lateral end of the eyebrow. Note: TE23 is superior to GB1.
Meridian Membership: TARA_3898257
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch.
Pinyin Label: Sizhukong
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0010163
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: SJ 23
Synonym: San Jiao 23
Synonym: TB 23
Synonym: TH 23
Synonym: TW 23
Synonym: Triple Burner 23
Synonym: Triple Energizer 23
Synonym: Triple Heater 23
Synonym: Triple Warmer 23
Vasculature: The frontal branches of the superficial temporal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0010163
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: TARA_5361067

BL 9
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 104. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 玉枕
Indications: Headache and neck pain, dizziness, ophthalmalgia, nasal obstruction.
Innervation: The branch of the great occipital nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, at the same level as the superior border of the external occipital protuberance, and 1.3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line. Note: BL9 is located at the intersection of two imaginary lines: the vertical line of the lateral border of the trapezius muscle and the horizontal line of the superior border of the external occipital protuberance. at the same level as gV17.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yuzhen
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002380
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0013469
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: B 9
Synonym: Bladder 9
Synonym: UB 9
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 9
Vasculature: The occipital artery and vein.
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.4065/81.6.749
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0013469
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002380
subclass of: TARA_0995552

GB 44
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 193. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 足竅(窍)陰(阴)
Special Point Role: TARA_2954517
Indications: Migraine, deafness, tinnitus, ophthalmalgia, dream-disturbed sleep, febrile diseases.
Innervation: The dorsal digital nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the fourth toe, lateral to the distal phalanx, 0.1 f-cun proximal to the lateral corner of the toenail, at the intersection of the vertical line of the lateral side of the nail and the horizontal line of the base of the fourth toenail.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture superficially about 0.1 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zuqiaoyin
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004300
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0009567
Specific Body Region: nail of pedal digit 4
General Body Region: UBERON_0003634
Synonym: G 44
Synonym: Gallbladder 44
Vasculature: The arterial and venous network formed by the dorsal digital artery and vein and plantar digital artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003634
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0009567
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004300
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3839815
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: nail of pedal digit 4
subclass of: TARA_1926756
subclass of: TARA_2954517

BL 49
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 124. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 意舍(舎)
Indications: Abdominal distension, borborygmus, vomiting, diarrhea, difficulty in swallowing.
Innervation: The lateral branches of the posterior rami of the tenth and eleventh thoracic nerves.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the 11th thoracic vertebra (T11), 3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line. Note: BL49, BL20 and GV6 are located at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the 11th thoracic vertebra (T11).
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yishe
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004635
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: B 49
Synonym: Bladder 49
Synonym: UB 49
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 49
Vasculature: The posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004635
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: TARA_0995552

SP 8
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 73. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 地機(机)
Special Point Role: TARA_4598552
Indications: Abdominal pain and distension, diarrhea, edema, dysuria, nocturnal emission, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea.
Innervation: See Sanyinjiao (SP 6).
Acupuncture Location: On the tibial aspect of the leg, posterior to the medial border of the tibia, 3 B-cun inferior to SP9. Note: SP8 is located at the junction of the upper one third and lower two thirds of the line connecting the apex of the patella with the prominence of the medial malleolus.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4167850
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Diji
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0000979
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002446
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795305
General Body Region: UBERON_0003823
Synonym: Spleen 8
Vasculature: Anteriorly, the great saphenous vein and the branch of the genu suprema artery; deeper, the posterior tibial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795305
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002446
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2798650
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000979
subclass of: TARA_4598552
subclass of: TARA_5629511

SP 19
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 79. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 胸鄉(乡,郷)
Indications: Fullness and pain in the chest and hypochondriac region.
Innervation: The lateral cutaneous branch of the third intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, in the third intercostal space, 6 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note: SP19, ST6 and KI24 are located along the curve of the third intercostal space.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4167850
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Xiongxiang
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795297
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: Spleen 19
Vasculature: The lateral thoracic artery and vein, the third intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795297
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: TARA_5629511

LR 2
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 196. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 行間(间)
Special Point Role: TARA_9857829
Indications: Pain in the hypochondrium, abdominal distension, headache, dizziness and vertigo, congestion, swelling and pain of the eye, deviation of the mouth, hernia, painful urination, retention of urine, irregular menstruation, epilepsy, insomnia, convulsion.
Innervation: The site where the dorsal digital nerves split from the lateral dorsal metatarsal nerve of the deep peroneal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the dorsum of the foot, between the first and second toes, proximal to the web margin, at the border between the red and white flesh.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5419503
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Xingjian
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003631
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003632
General Body Region: UBERON_0002387
Synonym: LIV 2
Synonym: LV 2
Synonym: Liver 2
Vasculature: The dorsal venous network of the foot and the first dorsal digital artery and vein.
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.4065/81.6.749
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003632
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2478120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003631
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: TARA_0739106
subclass of: TARA_9857829

ST 9
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 50. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 人迎(迎)
Indications: Sore throat, asthma, goiter, dizziness, flushing of the face.
Innervation: Superficially, the cutaneous cervical nerve, the cervical branch of the facial nerve; deeper, the sympathetic trunk; laterally, the descending branch of the hypoglossal nerve and the vagus nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior region of the neck, at the same level as the superior border of the thyroid cartilage, anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, over the common carotid artery. Note 1: The sternocleidomastoid muscle is more distinct when the head is turned to the opposite side against resistance. Note 2: ST9 is located at the same level as LI18, SI16 and the superior border of the thyroid cartilage. St9 is located anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and SI16, posterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle and LI18, between the anterior and posterior borders of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Avoid puncturing the common carotid artery, puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch.
Pinyin Label: Renying
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001128
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001738
Specific Body Region: trunk of common carotid artery
General Body Region: UBERON_0000974
Synonym: S 9
Synonym: Stomach 9
Vasculature: The superior thyroid artery on the bifurcation of the internal and the external carotid artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000974
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: trunk of common carotid artery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001738
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001128
subclass of: TARA_5282844

BL 48
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 123. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 陽(阳)綱(纲)
Indications: Borborygmus, abdominal pain, diarrhea, pain in the hypochondriac region, jaundice.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous pro- cess of the tenth thoracic vertebra (T10), 3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line. Note: BL48, BL19 and GV7 are located at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the tenth thoracic vertebra (T10).
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yanggang
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004634
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: B 48
Synonym: Bladder 48
Synonym: UB 48
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 48
Vasculature: The posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein. Innervation: The lateral cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the eighth and ninth thoracic nerves.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004634
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: TARA_0995552

SP 2
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 70. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 大都(都)
Special Point Role: TARA_9857829
Indications: Abdominal distension, gastric pain, constipation, febrile diseases with anhidrosis.
Innervation: The proper plantar digital nerve derived from the medial plantar nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the great toe, in the depression distal to the first metatarsophalangeal joint, at the border between the red and white flesh.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4167850
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.1-0.3 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Dadu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007750
General Body Region: UBERON_0003631
Synonym: Spleen 2
Vasculature: The branches of the medial plantar artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003631
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007750
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2478120
subclass of: TARA_5629511
subclass of: TARA_9857829

GV 25
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 216. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 素髎(髎)
Indications: Loss of consciousness, nasal obstruction, epistaxis, rhinorrhea, rosacea.
Innervation: The external nasal branch of the anterior ethmoidal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the face, at the tip of the nose.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.2-0.3 inch, or prick to cause bleeding.
Pinyin Label: Suliao
Specific Body Region: nose
Specific Body Region: nose tip
General Body Region: UBERON_0001456
Synonym: Du 25
Synonym: Governor Vessel 25
Vasculature: The lateral nasal branches of the facial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: nose
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: nose tip
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001456
subclass of: TARA_8364824

BL 33
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 116. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 中髎(髎)
Indications: Low back pain, constipation, diarrhea, dysuria, irregular menstruation, morbid leukorrhea.
Innervation: On the course of the posterior ramus of the third sacral nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the sacral region, in the third posterior sacral foramen. Note: The third posterior sacral foramen is located in the first depression, moving downward from BL32.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.8-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zhongliao
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795315
General Body Region: UBERON_0005473
Synonym: B 33
Synonym: Bladder 33
Synonym: UB 33
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 33
Vasculature: The posterior branches of the lateral sacral artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0005473
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795315
subclass of: TARA_0995552

BL 27
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 113. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 小腸(肠)兪(俞)
Special Point Role: Back-Shu Point of the Small Intestine
Innervation: The lateral branch of the posterior ramus of the first sacral nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the sacral region, at the same level as the first posterior sacral foramen, and 1.5 B-cun lateral to the median sacral crest. Note: At the same level as BL31.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.8-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Xiaochangshu
Specific Body Region: ilx_0741680
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795313
General Body Region: UBERON_0005473
Synonym: B 27
Synonym: Back-Shu Point of the Small Intestine
Synonym: Bladder 27
Synonym: UB 27
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 27
Vasculature: The posterior branches of the lateral sacral artery and vein.
is studied in article: j.1600-0412.2000.079005331.x
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0741680
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Back-Shu Point of the Small Intestine Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0005473
subclass of: TARA_0995552
subclass of: Back-Shu Point of the Small Intestine

Baichongwo
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Rubella, eczema, gastrointestinal parasitic diseases.
Acupuncture Location: 1 cun above Xuehai (SP 10).
Acupuncture Method: Pu ncture perpendicularly 1.0-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Synonym: EX-LE 13
subclass of: TARA_3535998

Yuyao
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Pain in the supraorbital region, twitching of the eyelids, ptosis, cloudiness of the cornea, redness, swelling and pain of the eyes.
Acupuncture Location: At the midpoint of the eyebrow, directly above the pupil.
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch.
Synonym: EX-HN 4
Synonym: M-HN 6
subclass of: TARA_3535998

CV 2
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 220. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 曲骨(骨)
Indications: Retention and dribbling of urine, enuresis, nocturnal emission, impotence, morbid leukorrhea, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, hernia.
Innervation: The branch of the iliohypogastric nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the lower abdomen, superior to the pubic symphysis, on the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6789717
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Great care should be taken to puncture the points from Qugu (CV 2) to Shangwan (CV 13) of this meridian in pregnant women. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Qugu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003699
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795303
Synonym: Conception Vessel 2
Synonym: RN 2
Synonym: Ren 2
Vasculature: The branches of the inferior epigastric artery and the obturator artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795303
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003699
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: TARA_1092703

ST 42
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 67. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 衝(冲)陽(阳)
Special Point Role: TARA_1840369
Indications: Pain of the upper teeth, redness and swelling of the dorsum of the foot, facial paralysis, muscular atrophy and motor impairment of the foot.
Innervation: Superficially, the medial dorsal cutaneous nerve of foot derived from the superficial peroneal nerve; deeper, the deep peroneal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the dorsum of the foot, at the joint of the base of the second metatarsal bone and the intermediate cuneiform bone, over the dorsalis pedis artery.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Avoid puncturing the artery.
Pinyin Label: Chongyang
Specific Body Region: distal tarsal bone 2
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001539
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003651
General Body Region: UBERON_0002387
Synonym: S 42
Synonym: Stomach 42
Vasculature: The dorsal artery and vein of foot, the dorsal venous network of foot.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003651
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3455429
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001539
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: distal tarsal bone 2
subclass of: TARA_1840369
subclass of: TARA_5282844

BL 67
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 133. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 至陰(阴)
Special Point Role: TARA_2954517
Indications: Headache, nasal obstruction, epistaxis, ophthalmalgia, malposition of fetus, difficult labour, detention of after birth, feverish sensation in the sole.
Innervation: The plantar digital proprial nerve and the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve of foot.
Acupuncture Location: On the little toe, lateral to the distal pha- lanx, 0.1 f-cun proximal to the lateral corner of the toenail; at the intersection of the vertical line of the lateral side of the nail and the horizontal line of the base of the toenail.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture superficially 0.1 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zhiyin
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0009567
General Body Region: UBERON_0003635
Synonym: B 67
Synonym: Bladder 67
Synonym: UB 67
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 67
Vasculature: The network formed by the dorsal digital artery and plantar digital proprial artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003635
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3839815
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0009567
subclass of: TARA_0995552
subclass of: TARA_2954517

BL 52
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 125. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 志室
Indications: Nocturnal emission, impotence, enuresis, frequency of urination, dysuria, irregular menstruation, pain in the back and knee, edema.
Innervation: The lateral branch of the posterior ramus of the twelfth thoracic nerve and the lateral branch of the first lumbar nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the lumbar region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the second lumbar vertebra (L2), 3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line. Note: BL52, BL23 and GV4 are located at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the second lumbar vertebra (L2).
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zhishi
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004618
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0005462
Synonym: B 52
Synonym: Bladder 52
Synonym: UB 52
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 52
Vasculature: The posterior branches of the second lumbar artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004618
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0005462
subclass of: TARA_0995552

Luozhen
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Sore neck, pain in the shoulder and arm.
Acupuncture Location: On the dorsum of the hand, between the second and third metacarpal bones, about 0.5 cun posterior to metacarpophalangeal joint.
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.8 inch.
Synonym: EX-UE 14
Synonym: M-UE 24
subclass of: TARA_3535998

BL 5
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 102. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 五處(处,処)
Indications: Headache, blurring of vision, epilepsy, convulsion.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, 1 B-cun superior to the anterior hairline, 1.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note: 0.5 B-cun superior to BL4, at the same level as gV23.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Wuchu
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795292
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: B 5
Synonym: Bladder 5
Synonym: UB 5
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 5
Vasculature: See Quchai (BL 4).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795292
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: TARA_0995552

BL 24
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 111. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 氣(气,気)海(海)兪(俞)
Indications: Low back pain, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, asthma.
Innervation: The lateral cutaneous branch of the posterior ramus of the second lumbar nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the lumbar region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the third lumbar vertebra (L3), 1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.8-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Qihaishu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004619
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0005462
Synonym: B 24
Synonym: Bladder 24
Synonym: UB 24
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 24
is studied in article: j.0001-6349.2004.0215.x
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.4065/81.6.749
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0005462
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004619
subclass of: TARA_0995552

KI 22
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 146. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 步(歩)廊
Indications: Cough, asthma, distension and fullness in the chest and hypochondriac region vomiting, anorexia.
Innervation: The anterior cutaneous branch of the fifth intercostal nerve; deeper, the fifth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, in the fifth intercostal space, 2 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4813389
Pinyin Label: Bulang
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795299
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: K 22
Synonym: Kidney 22
Vasculature: The fifth intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795299
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: TARA_8866697

SP 4
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 71. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 公孫(孙)
Special Point Role: TARA_6993030
Special Point Role: TARA_9493899
Indications: Gastric pain, vomiting, abdominal pain and distension, diarrhea, dysentery, borborygmus.
Innervation: The saphenous nerve and the branch of the superficial peroneal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the medial aspect of the foot, antero- inferior to the base of the first metatarsal bone, at the border between the red and white flesh. Note: A depression can be felt when mov- ing proximally from SP3. SP4 is located in the depression distal to the base of the first metatarsal bone.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4167850
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.8 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Gongsun
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003650
General Body Region: UBERON_0002387
Synonym: Spleen 4
Vasculature: The medial tarsal artery and the dorsal venous network of the foot.
is studied in article: s0140-6736(05)66871-7
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2162578
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003650
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3091322
subclass of: TARA_5629511
subclass of: TARA_6993030
subclass of: TARA_9493899

BL 41
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 120. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 附分
Indications: Stiffness and pain of the shoulder, back and neck, numbness of the elbow and arm.
Innervation: The lateral branches of the posterior rami of the first and second thoracic nerves; deeper, the dorsal scapular nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the second thoracic vertebra (T2), 3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line. Note: BL41 and BL12 are located at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the second thoracic vertebra (T2).
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Fufen
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004627
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: B 41
Synonym: Bladder 41
Synonym: UB 41
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 41
Vasculature: The descending branch of the transverse cervical artery, the posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004627
subclass of: TARA_0995552

BL 65
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 132. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 束骨(骨)
Special Point Role: TARA_6705086
Indications: Mania, headache, neck rigidity, blurring of vision, backache, pain in the lower extremities.
Innervation: The fourth common plantar digital nerve and the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve of foot.
Acupuncture Location: On the lateral aspect of the foot, in the depression proximal to the fifth metatarsophalangeal joint, at the border between the red and white flesh.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Shugu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007762
General Body Region: UBERON_0002387
Synonym: B 65
Synonym: Bladder 65
Synonym: UB 65
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 65
Vasculature: The fourth common plantar digital artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007762
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_1716565
subclass of: TARA_0995552
subclass of: TARA_6705086

KI 14
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 142. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 四滿(满,満)
Indications: Abdominal pain and distension, diarrhea, nocturnal emission, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, postpartum abdominal pain.
Innervation: The eleventh intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the lower abdomen, 2 B-cun inferior to the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4813389
Pinyin Label: Siman
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795303
Synonym: K 14
Synonym: Kidney 14
Vasculature: See Dahe (KI 12)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795303
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: TARA_8866697

Yuye
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Acupuncture Location: On the veins on both sides of the frenulum of the tongue, Jinjin is on the left, Yuye, on the right.
Synonym: EX-HN 13
Synonym: M-HN 13
Synonym: M-HN 20b
subclass of: TARA_3535998

TE 6
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 160. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 支溝(沟)
Special Point Role: TARA_7315457
Indications: Tinnitus, deafness, pain in the hypochondriac region, vomiting, constipation, febrile diseases, aching and heavy sensation of the shoulder and back, sudden hoarseness of voice.
Acupuncture Location: On the posterior aspect of the forearm, midpoint of the interosseous space between the radius and the ulna, 3 B-cun proximal to the dorsal wrist crease. Note: 1 B-cun proximal to TE5, between the radius and the ulna, at the same level as tE7.
Meridian Membership: TARA_3898257
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.8-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zhigou
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001423
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001424
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0006508
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795333
General Body Region: UBERON_0002386
Synonym: SJ 6
Synonym: San Jiao 6
Synonym: TB 6
Synonym: TH 6
Synonym: TW 6
Synonym: Triple Burner 6
Synonym: Triple Energizer 6
Synonym: Triple Heater 6
Synonym: Triple Warmer 6
Vasculature: See Waiguan (TE 5).
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01062.x
is studied in article: bmj.38512.405440.8f
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_1758929
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0006508
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001424
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001423
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795333
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: TARA_5361067
subclass of: TARA_7315457

TE 10
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 162. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 天井
Special Point Role: TARA_6594221
Indications: Migraine, pain in the neck, shoulder and arm, epilepsy, scrofula, goiter.
Innervation: The posterior brachial cutaneous nerve and the muscular branch of the radial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the posterior aspect of the elbow, in the depression 1 B-cun proximal to the prominence of the olecranon. Note: When the elbow is flexed, TE10 is located in the olecranon fossa.
Meridian Membership: TARA_3898257
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Tianjing
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0006810
Specific Body Region: olecranon fossa
General Body Region: UBERON_0001461
Synonym: SJ 10
Synonym: San Jiao 10
Synonym: TB 10
Synonym: TH 10
Synonym: TW 10
Synonym: Triple Burner 10
Synonym: Triple Energizer 10
Synonym: Triple Heater 10
Synonym: Triple Warmer 10
Vasculature: The arterial and venous network of the elbow.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_4109407
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0006810
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001461
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: olecranon fossa
subclass of: TARA_5361067
subclass of: TARA_6594221

Lanweixue
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Acute and chronic appendicitis, indigestion, paralysis of the lower extremities.
Acupuncture Location: The tender spot about 2 cun below Zusanli (ST 36).
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 1.0-1.2 inches.
Synonym: EX-LE 7
Synonym: M-LE 13
subclass of: TARA_3535998

Yaotongxue
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Acupuncture Location: On the dorsum of the hand, midway between the transverse wrist crease and metacarpophalangeal joint, between the second and third metacarpal bones, and between the fourth and fifth metacarpal bones, four points in all on both hands.
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5-1.0 inch toward the centre of metacarpus from both sides.
Synonym: EX-UE 7
Synonym: M-UE 19
Synonym: N-UE 19
subclass of: TARA_3535998

GV 18
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 212. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 強間(间)
Indications: Headache, neck rigidity, blurring of vision, mania.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, 4 B-cun superior to the posterior hairline, on the posterior median line. Note: GV18 is located in the depression 1.5 B-cun superior to gV17.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Qiangjian
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795326
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: Du 18
Synonym: Governor Vessel 18
Vasculature: See Naohu (GV 17).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795326
subclass of: TARA_8364824

Yiming
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Eye diseases, tinnitus, insomma.
Acupuncture Location: 1 cun posterior to Yifeng (TE 17).
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.8 inch.
Synonym: EX-HN 14
subclass of: TARA_3535998

CV 15
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 227. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 鳩(鸠)尾
Special Point Role: TARA_6993030
Indications: Pain in the cardiac region and the chest, nausea, mental disorders, epilepsy.
Acupuncture Location: On the upper abdomen, 1 B-cun inferior to the xiphisternal junction, on the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6789717
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely downward 0.4-0.6 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Jiuwei
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0011124
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795301
Synonym: Conception Vessel 15
Synonym: RN 15
Synonym: Ren 15
Vasculature: See Zhongwan (CV 12).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0011124
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795301
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2162578
subclass of: TARA_1092703
subclass of: TARA_6993030

PC 3
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 153. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 曲澤(泽,沢)
Special Point Role: TARA_6594221
Indications: Cardiac pain, palpitation, febrile diseases, irritability, stomachache, vomiting, pain in the elbow and arm, tremor of the hand and arm.
Innervation: The median nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterior aspect of the elbow, at the cubital crease, in the depression medial to the biceps brachii tendon. Note: When the elbow is flexed at 45 degrees, PC3 is located medial to the biceps brachii tendon.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4694897
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.7 inch, or prick with a three-edged needle to cause bleeding. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Quze
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0008188
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795332
General Body Region: UBERON_0001461
Synonym: P 3
Synonym: Pericardium 3
Vasculature: On the pathway of the brachial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795332
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_4109407
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008188
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001461
subclass of: TARA_3761087
subclass of: TARA_6594221

BL 56
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 127. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 承筋
Indications: Spasm of the gastrocnemius, hemorrhoids, acute lower back pam.
Innervation: The medial sural cutaneous nerve; deeper, the tibial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the posterior aspect of the leg, between the two muscle bellies of the gastrocne- mius muscle, 5 B-cun distal to the popliteal crease. Note: Midway between BL55 and BL57.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.8-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Chengjin
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001388
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795330
General Body Region: UBERON_0003823
Synonym: B 56
Synonym: Bladder 56
Synonym: UB 56
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 56
Vasculature: The small saphenous vein; deeper, the posterior tibial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001388
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795330
subclass of: TARA_0995552

BL 44
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 121. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 神(神)堂
Indications: Asthma, cardiac pain, palpitation, stuffy chest, cough, stiffness and pain of the back.
Innervation: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the fourth and fifth thoracic nerves; deeper, their lateral branches and the dorsoscapular nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the fifth thoracic vertebra (T5), 3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line. Note: BL44, BL15 and GV11 are located at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the fifth thoracic vertebra (T5).
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Shentang
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004630
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: B 44
Synonym: Bladder 44
Synonym: UB 44
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 44
Vasculature: The posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein, the descending branch of the transverse cervical artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004630
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: TARA_0995552

ST 19
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 55. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 不容
Indications: Abdominal distension, vomiting, gastric pain, anorexia.
Innervation: The branch of the seventh intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the upper abdomen, 6 B-cun superior to the centre of the umbilicus, 2 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note 1: ST 19 is 2 B-cun lateral to CV14. Note 2: If the infrasternal angle is too sharp and the rib is located inferior to ST 19, ST 19 can be reached by oblique needling.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.8 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Burong
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002228
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795302
General Body Region: ilx_0795301
Synonym: S 19
Synonym: Stomach 19
Vasculature: The branches of the seventh intercostal artery and vein, the branches of the superior epigastric artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795301
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002228
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795302
subclass of: TARA_5282844

ST 43
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 67. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 陷(陥)谷
Special Point Role: TARA_6705086
Indications: Facial or general edema, abdominal pain, borborygmus, swelling and pain of the dorsum of the foot.
Innervation: The medial dorsal cu‚Ä¢ taneous nerve of foot.
Acupuncture Location: On the dorsum of the foot, between the second and third metatarsal bones, in the depression proximal to the second metatarsophalangeal joint.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Xiangu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003651
Specific Body Region: metatarsal bone of digit 3
Specific Body Region: metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 2
General Body Region: UBERON_0002387
Synonym: S 43
Synonym: Stomach 43
Vasculature: The dorsal venous network of foot.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: metatarsal bone of digit 3
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_1716565
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 2
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003651
subclass of: TARA_5282844
subclass of: TARA_6705086

GV 24
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 215. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 神(神)庭
Indications: Epilepsy, anxiety, palpitation, insomnia, headache, vertigo, rhinorrhea.
Innervation: The branch of the frontal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, 0.5 B-cun superior to the anterior hairline, on the anterior median line. Note: When the anterior hairline is unclear or changed, GV 24 is located 3.5 B-cun superior to the midpoint between the medial ends of the eyebrows.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch, or prick to cause bleeding.
Pinyin Label: Shenting
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0010163
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795292
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: Du 24
Synonym: Governor Vessel 24
Vasculature: The branch of the frontal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795292
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0010163
subclass of: TARA_8364824

GV 23
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 215. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 上星
Indications: Headache, ophthalmalgia, epistaxis. rhinorrhea, mental disorders.
Innervation: The branch of the frontal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, 1 B-cun superior to the anterior hairline, on the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch or prick to cause bleeding. This point is prohibited in infants with metopism. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Shangxing
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795292
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: Du 23
Synonym: Governor Vessel 23
Vasculature: The branches of the frontal artery and vein, and the branches of the superficial temporal artery and vein.
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01062.x
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795292
subclass of: TARA_8364824

BL 66
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 132. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 足通(通)谷
Special Point Role: TARA_9857829
Indications: Headache, neck rigidity, blurring of vision, epistaxis, mania.
Innervation: The plantar digital proprial nerve and the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve of foot.
Acupuncture Location: On the little toe, in the depression distal and lateral to the fifth metatarsophalangeal joint, at the border between the red and white flesh.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.2-0.3 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zutonggu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007762
General Body Region: UBERON_0003635
Synonym: B 66
Synonym: Bladder 66
Synonym: UB 66
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 66
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003635
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2478120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007762
subclass of: TARA_0995552
subclass of: TARA_9857829

ST 33
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 62. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 陰(阴)市
Indications: Numbness, soreness, motor impairment of the leg and knee, motor impairment of the lower extremities.
Innervation: The anterior and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterolateral aspect of the thigh, lateral to the rectus femoris tendon, 3 B-cun superior to the base of the patella. Note: ST33 is at the midpoint of the line connecting St32 with the lateral end of the base of the patella.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.7-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yinshi
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002446
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0014848
General Body Region: UBERON_0000376
Synonym: S 33
Synonym: Stomach 33
Vasculature: The descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery.
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215507077362
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000376
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0014848
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002446
subclass of: TARA_5282844

SP 13
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 76. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 府舍(舎)
Indications: Lower abdominal pain, hernia.
Innervation: The ilioinguinal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the lower abdomen, 4.3 B-cun inferior to the centre of the umbilicus, 4 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4167850
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Fushe
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795303
Synonym: Spleen 13
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795303
subclass of: TARA_5629511

CV 1 (Male)
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 220. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Vaginitis, retention of urine hemorrhoids, nocturnal emission, enuresis, irregular menstruation, mental disorders.
Innervation: The branch of the perineal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the perineal region, at the midpoint of the line connecting the anus with the posterior border of the scrotum in males and the posterior commissure of labium majoris in females. Note: CV 1 is located midway between the anus and the genital organ, with the subject lying on the side or in knee-chest position.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6789717
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001245
Specific Body Region: scrotum
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003133
General Body Region: UBERON_0002356
Synonym: Conception Vessel 1
Synonym: RN 1
Synonym: Ren 1
Vasculature: The branches of the perineal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003133
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: scrotum
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002356
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001245
subclass of: CV 1

CV 18
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 228. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 玉堂
Indications: pain in the chest, cough, asthma, vomiting.
Innervation: The anterior cutaneous branch of the third intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, at the same level as the third intercostal space, on the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6789717
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yutang
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795297
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: Conception Vessel 18
Synonym: RN 18
Synonym: Ren 18
Vasculature: See Zhongting (CV 16).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795297
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: TARA_1092703

ST 18 (Female)
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 54. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Pain in the chest, cough, asthma, mastitis, insufficient lactation.
Innervation: The branch of the fifth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, in the fifth intercostal space, 4 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note: In males, ST 18 is located at the intersection of nipple line and the fifth intercostal space. In females, ST 18 is located at the midpoint of the inferior crease of the breast.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Specific Body Region: inframammary fold
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795299
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795300
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: Stomach 18 (Female)
Vasculature: The branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: inframammary fold
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795300
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795299
subclass of: ST 18

LI 15
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 41. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 肩髃(髃)
Indications: Pain in the shoulder and arm, motor impairment of the upper extremities, rubella, scrofula.
Innervation: The lateral supraclavicular nerve and axillary nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the shoulder girdle, in the depression between the anterior end of lateral border of the acromion and the greater tubercle of the humerus. Note: When the arm is abducted, two depressions appear, anterior and posterior to the acromion. LI15 is located in the deeper depression anterior to the acromion. tE14 is located in the posterior depression.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4610474
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly or obliquely 0.8-1.5 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Jianyu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002497
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0011187
General Body Region: UBERON_0001421
Synonym: Large Intestine 15
Vasculature: The posterior circumflex artery and vein.
is studied in article: Randomised trial of long term effect of acupuncture for shoulder pain *
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-199809000-00012
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001421
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0011187
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002497
subclass of: TARA_7932600

SP 5
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 72. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 商丘
Special Point Role: TARA_7315457
Indications: Abdominal distension, constipation, diarrhea, borborygmus, pain and rigidity of the tongue, pain in the foot and ankle, hemorrhoid.
Innervation: The medial crural cutaneous nerve and the branch of the superficial peroneal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the medial aspect of the foot, anteroinferior to the medial malleolus, in the depression midway between the tuberosity of the navicular bone and the prominence of the medial malleolus. Note 1: SP5 is located at the intersection of two imaginary lines: the vertical line of the anterior border of the medial malleolus and the horizontal line of the inferior border of the medial malleolus. Note 2: SP5 is located posterior to LR4 and anterior to KI6.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4167850
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.2-0.3 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Shangqiu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0010759
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795305
General Body Region: UBERON_0002387
Synonym: Spleen 5
Vasculature: The medial tarsal artery and the great saphenous vein.
is studied in article: s0140-6736(05)66871-7
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795305
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_1758929
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0010759
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: TARA_5629511
subclass of: TARA_7315457

ST 6
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 48. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 頰(颊)車(车)
Indications: Facial paralysis, toothache, swelling of the cheek and face, mumps, trismus.
Innervation: The great auricular nerve, facial nerve and masseteric nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the face, one fingerbreadth (middle finger) anterosuperior to the angle of the mandible. Note: On the bisector of the angle of the mandible. When the mouth is closed and the teeth are clenched, this point is located at the prominence of the masseter and in the depression felt when the clenched teeth are released.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Pinyin Label: Jiache
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001597
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001684
General Body Region: UBERON_0001456
Synonym: S 6
Synonym: Stomach 6
Vasculature: The masseteric artery.
is studied in article: archotol.125.5.567
is studied in article: s0140-6736(05)66871-7
is studied in article: The effect of acupuncture on pain and swelling after day case molar teeth extraction under general anaesthesia
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1177/0163278704273081
is studied in article: Acupuncture and sham acupuncture reduce muscle pain in myofascial pain patients
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001684
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001597
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001456
subclass of: TARA_5282844

LI 3
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 35. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 三間(间)
Special Point Role: TARA_6705086
Indications: Toothache, ophthalmalgia, sore throat, redness and swelling of fingers and the dorsum of the hand.
Innervation: The superficial ramus of the radial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the dorsum of the hand, in the depression radial and proximal to the second metacarpophalangeal joint.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4610474
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.8 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Sanjian
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003695
General Body Region: ilx_0794954
Synonym: Large Intestine 3
Vasculature: The dorsal venous network of the hand and the branch of the first dorsal metacarpal artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_1716565
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003695
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0794954
subclass of: TARA_6705086
subclass of: TARA_7932600

KI 15
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 143. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 中注
Indications: Irregular menstruation, abdominal pain, constipation.
Innervation: The tenth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the lower abdomen, 1 B-cun inferior to umbilicus, 0.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4813389
Pinyin Label: Zhongzhu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795303
Synonym: K 15
Synonym: Kidney 15
Vasculature: see Oahe (KI 12).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795303
subclass of: TARA_8866697

TE 2
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 158. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 液門(门)
Special Point Role: TARA_9857829
Indications: Headache, redness of the eyes, sudden deafness, sore throat, malaria, pain in the arm.
Innervation: The dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the dorsum of the hand, in the depression superior to the web margin between the ring and little fingers, at the border between the red and white flesh.
Meridian Membership: TARA_3898257
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch towards the interspace of the metacarpal bones. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yemen
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003624
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003625
General Body Region: ilx_0794954
Synonym: SJ 2
Synonym: San Jiao 2
Synonym: TB 2
Synonym: TH 2
Synonym: TW 2
Synonym: Triple Burner 2
Synonym: Triple Energizer 2
Synonym: Triple Heater 2
Synonym: Triple Warmer 2
Vasculature: The dorsal digital artery of the ulnar artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2478120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003624
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003625
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0794954
subclass of: TARA_5361067
subclass of: TARA_9857829

CV 1 (Female)
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 220. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Vaginitis, retention of urine hemorrhoids, nocturnal emission, enuresis, irregular menstruation, mental disorders.
Innervation: The branch of the perineal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the perineal region, at the midpoint of the line connecting the anus with the posterior border of the scrotum in males and the posterior commissure of labium majoris in females. Note: CV 1 is located midway between the anus and the genital organ, with the subject lying on the side or in knee-chest position.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6789717
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001245
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003133
Specific Body Region: genital labium
General Body Region: UBERON_0002356
Synonym: Conception Vessel 1
Synonym: RN 1
Synonym: Ren 1
Vasculature: The branches of the perineal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003133
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: genital labium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002356
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001245
subclass of: CV 1

Dingchuan
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Asthma, cough, neck rigidity, pain in the shoulder and back, rubella.
Acupuncture Location: 0.5 cun lateral to Dazhui (GV 14).
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.8 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004616
General Body Region: UBERON_0000974
Synonym: EX-B 1
Synonym: M-BW 1
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01062.x
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000974
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004616
subclass of: TARA_3535998

SP 7
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 73. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 漏谷
Indications: Abdominal distension, borborygmus, coldness, numbness and paralysis of the knee and leg.
Acupuncture Location: On the tibial aspect of the leg, posterior to the medial border of the tibia, 6 B-cun superior to the prominence of the medial malleolus. Note: 3 B-cun superior to SP6.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4167850
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Lougu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0000979
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795305
General Body Region: UBERON_0003823
Synonym: Spleen 7
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01062.x
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795305
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000979
subclass of: TARA_5629511

LI 19
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 43. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 口禾髎(髎)
Indications: Nasal obstruction, epistaxis, deviation of the mouth.
Innervation: The anastomotic branch of the facial nerve and the infraorbital nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the face, at the same level as the midpoint of the philtrum, inferior to the lateral margin of the nostril. Note: 0.5 B-cun laterals to GV 26. Remarks: Alternative location for LI19 - On the face, at the same level as the junc- tion of the upper one third and lower two thirds of the philtrum, inferior to the lateral margin of the nostril.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4610474
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.2-0.3 inch.
Pinyin Label: Kouheliao
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0005402
Specific Body Region: external naris
General Body Region: UBERON_0001456
Synonym: Large Intestine 19
Vasculature: The superior labial branches of the facial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0005402
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: external naris
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001456
subclass of: TARA_7932600

GB 26
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 184. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 帶(带,帯)脈(脉)
Indications: Irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, leukorrhea, abdominal pain, hernia, pain in the lumbar and hypochondriac region.
Innervation: The subcostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the lateral abdomen, inferior to the free extremity of the 11th rib, at the same level as the centre of umbilicus. Note 1: GB26 can be located by first locat- ing the tenth rib, then searching for the free extremity of the 11th rib that is situated immediately below the inferior border of the costal arch. Note 2: GB 26 is inferior to LR 13, at the same level as CV 8.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.8 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Daimai
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002225
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004610
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
General Body Region: UBERON_0000916
Synonym: G 26
Synonym: Gallbladder 26
Vasculature: The subcostal artery and vem.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002225
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000916
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004610
subclass of: TARA_1926756

GV 8
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 207. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 筋縮(缩)
Indications: Epilepsy, stiffness of the back, gastric pain.
Innervation: The medial branch of the posterior ramus of the ninth thoracic nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, in the depression inferior to the spinous process of the ninth thoracic vertebra (T9), on the posterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Jinsuo
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004633
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: Du 8
Synonym: Governor Vessel 8
Vasculature: The posterior branch of the ninth intercostal artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004633
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: TARA_8364824

BL 2
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 100. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 攢(攒,攅)竹
Indications: Headache, blurring and failing of vision, pain in the supraorbital region, lacrimation, redness, swelling and pain of the eye, twitching of eyelids, glaucoma.
Innervation: The medial branch of the frontal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, in the depression at the medial end of the eyebrow. Note: A depression, the frontal notch, can often be palpated on the medial end of the eyebrow directly superior to BL1.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch, or prick with three-edged needle to cause bleeding.
Pinyin Label: Zanzhu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0010163
Specific Body Region: ilx_0741726
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: B 2
Synonym: Bladder 2
Synonym: UB 2
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 2
Vasculature: The frontal artery and vein.
is studied in article: s100720300062
is studied in article: s0304-3959(00)00315-8
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2001.00198.x
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01062.x
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0741726
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0010163
subclass of: TARA_0995552

LI 7
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 37. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 溫(温)溜
Special Point Role: TARA_4598552
Indications: Headache, swelling of the face, sore throat, borborygmus, abdominal pain, aching of the shoulder and arm.
Innervation: The posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve and the deep ramus of the radial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the posterolateral aspect of the forearm, on the line connecting LI5 with LI11, 5 B- cun superior to the dorsal wrist crease.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4610474
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Wenliu
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795333
General Body Region: UBERON_0002386
Synonym: Large Intestine 7
Vasculature: The muscular branch of the radial artery, the cephalic vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2798650
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795333
subclass of: TARA_4598552
subclass of: TARA_7932600

SP 11
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 75. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 箕門(门)
Indications: Dysuria, enuresis, pain and swelling in the inguinal region, muscular atrophy, motor impairment, pain and paralysis of the lower extremities.
Innervation: The anterior femoral cutaneous nerve; deeper, the saphenous nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the medial aspect of the thigh, at the junction of the upper one third and lower two thirds of the line connecting the medial end of the base of the patella with SP12, between the sartorius muscle and the adductor longus muscle, over the femoral artery.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4167850
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Jimen
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0000303
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001373
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002060
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002446
General Body Region: UBERON_0000376
Synonym: Spleen 11
Vasculature: Superficially, the great saphenous vein; deeper on the lateral side, the femoral artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001373
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002446
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000303
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000376
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002060
subclass of: TARA_5629511

LU 9
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 30. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 太淵(渊)
Special Point Role: TARA_1840369
Special Point Role: Influential Point of Vessels
Special Point Role: TARA_6705086
Indications: Cough, asthma, hemoptysis, sore throat, palpitation, pain in the chest, wrist and arm.
Innervation: The lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve and superficial branch of the radial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterolateral aspect of the wrist, between the radial styloid process and the scaphoid bone, in the depression ulnar to the abductor pollicis longus tendon. Note: On the radial side of the palmar wrist crease, over the radial artery.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9964503
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.2-0.3 inch. Avoid puncturing the radial artery. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Taiyuan
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001404
Specific Body Region: radiale
Specific Body Region: UBERON_7500078
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795334
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795335
General Body Region: UBERON_0004452
Synonym: Influential Point of Vessels
Synonym: L 9
Synonym: Lung 9
Vasculature: The radial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Influential Point of Vessels Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_1716565
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004452
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3455429
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_7500078
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001404
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795334
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795335
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: radiale
subclass of: TARA_1459681
subclass of: TARA_1840369
subclass of: Influential Point of Vessels
subclass of: TARA_6705086

GV 28
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 217. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 齦(龈)交
Indications: Mental disorders, pain and swelling of the gums, rhinorrhea.
Innervation: The branch of the superior alveolar nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the face, at the junction of the frenulum of the upper lip with the upper gum. Note: With the head extended in the seated posture and the upper lip lifted, gV28 is located at the junction of the frenulum of the upper lip with the upper gum.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely upward 0.1 -0.2 inch, or prick to cause bleeding.
Pinyin Label: Yinjiao
Specific Body Region: gingiva of upper jaw
Specific Body Region: frenulum of lip
General Body Region: UBERON_0001456
Synonym: Du 28
Synonym: Governor Vessel 28
Vasculature: The superior labial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001456
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: gingiva of upper jaw
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: frenulum of lip
subclass of: TARA_8364824

SP 16
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 77. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 腹哀
Indications: Abdominal pain, indigestion, constipation, dysentery.
Innervation: The eighth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the upper abdomen, 3 B-cun superior to the centre of the umbilicus, 4 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note: 3 B-cun superior to SP15, at the same level as CV11.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4167850
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Fuai
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795301
Synonym: Spleen 16
Vasculature: The eighth intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795301
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: TARA_5629511

ST 17 (Female)
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 54. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, at the centre of the nipple. Note: In males, the centre of the nipple is located in the fourth intercostal space.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002030
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: Stomach 17 (Female)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002030
subclass of: ST 17

TE 12
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 163. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 消濼(泺)
Indications: Headache, neck rigidity, motor impairment and pain of the arm.
Innervation: The posterior brachial cutaneous nerve and the muscular branch of the radial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the posterior aspect of the arm, on the line connecting the prominence of the olecranon with the acromial angle, 5 B-cun proximal to the prominence of the olecranon.
Meridian Membership: TARA_3898257
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.7 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Xiaoluo
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0006810
General Body Region: UBERON_0001460
Synonym: SJ 12
Synonym: San Jiao 12
Synonym: TB 12
Synonym: TH 12
Synonym: TW 12
Synonym: Triple Burner 12
Synonym: Triple Energizer 12
Synonym: Triple Heater 12
Synonym: Triple Warmer 12
Vasculature: The median collateral artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001460
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0006810
subclass of: TARA_5361067

LR 6
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 198. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 中都(都)
Special Point Role: TARA_4598552
Indications: Abdominal pain, hypochondriac pain, diarrhea, hernia, uterine bleeding, prolonged lochia.
Innervation: The branch of the saphenous nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the anteromedial aspect of the leg, at the centre of the medial border (surface) of the tibia, 7 B-cun proximal to the prominence of the medial malleolus. Note: LR6 is located at 0.5 B-cun inferior to the midpoint of the line connecting the apex of the patella with the prominence of the medial malleolus, at the centre of the medial border (surface) of the tibia.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5419503
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.5-0.8 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zhongdu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0000979
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002446
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795305
General Body Region: UBERON_0003823
Synonym: LIV 6
Synonym: LV 6
Synonym: Liver 6
Vasculature: The great saphenous vem.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795305
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002446
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000979
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2798650
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: TARA_0739106
subclass of: TARA_4598552

LI 2
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 34. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 二間(间)
Special Point Role: TARA_9857829
Indications: Blurring of vision, Epistaxis, toothache, sore throat, febrile diseases.
Innervation: The dorsal digital nerve of the radial nerve, and the palmar digital proper nerve of the median nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the index finger, in the depression distal to the radial side of the second metacarpophalangeal joint, at the border between the red and white flesh.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4610474
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.2-0.3 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Erjian
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003695
General Body Region: UBERON_0003622
Synonym: Large Intestine 2
Vasculature: The dorsal digital and plamar digital proper arteries and veins derived from the radial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003695
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003622
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2478120
subclass of: TARA_7932600
subclass of: TARA_9857829

BL 8
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 103. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 絡(络)卻(却)
Indications: Dizziness, blurring of vision, tinnitus, mania.
Innervation: The branch of the great occipital nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, 5.5 B-cun superior to the anterior hairline, 1.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note: 0.5 B-cun posterior and 1.5 B-cun lateral to gV20.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch.
Pinyin Label: Luoque
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795292
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: B 8
Synonym: Bladder 8
Synonym: UB 8
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 8
Vasculature: The branches of the occipital artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795292
subclass of: TARA_0995552

GV 11
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 209. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 神(神)道(道)
Indications: Poor memory, anxiety, palpitation, pain and stiffness of the back, cough, cardiac pain.
Innervation: The medial branch of the posterior ramus of the fifth thoracic nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, in the depression inferior to the spinous process of the fifth thoracic vertebra (T5), on the posterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely upward 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Shendao
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004630
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: Du 11
Synonym: Governor Vessel 11
Vasculature: The posterior branch of the' fifth intercostal artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004630
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: TARA_8364824

Bitong
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Rhinitis, nasal obstruction, nasal boils.
Acupuncture Location: At the highest point of the nasolabial groove.
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously upward 0.3-0.5 inch.
Synonym: M-HN 14
subclass of: TARA_3535998

TE 5
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 160. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 外關(关,関)
Special Point Role: TARA_6993030
Special Point Role: TARA_9493899
Indications: Febrile diseases, headache, pain in the cheek, strained neck, deafness, tinnitus, pain in the hypochondriac region, motor impairment of the elbow and arm, pain of the fingers, hand tremor.
Innervation: The posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve; deeper, the posterior interosseous nerve and the anterior interosseous nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the posterior aspect of the forearm, midpoint of the interosseous space between the radius and the ulna, 2 B-cun proximal to the dorsal wrist crease. Note: 2 B-cun proximal to TE4, in the depression between the radius and the ulna. The anterior point corresponding to TE5 is PC6.
Meridian Membership: TARA_3898257
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Waiguan
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001423
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001424
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0006508
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795333
General Body Region: UBERON_0002386
Synonym: SJ 5
Synonym: San Jiao 5
Synonym: TB 5
Synonym: TH 5
Synonym: TW 5
Synonym: Triple Burner 5
Synonym: Triple Energizer 5
Synonym: Triple Heater 5
Synonym: Triple Warmer 5
Vasculature: Deeper, the posterior and anterior antebrachial interosseous arteries and veins.
is studied in article: s0304-3959(00)00315-8
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2001.00198.x
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/41.2.205
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-199809000-00012
is studied in article: j.1526-4610.2006.00598.x
is studied in article: aim.22.2.60
is studied in article: bmj.322.7302.1574
is studied in article: bmj.38512.405440.8f
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-7-35
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2162578
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001424
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001423
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795333
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0006508
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3091322
subclass of: TARA_5361067
subclass of: TARA_6993030
subclass of: TARA_9493899

BL 53
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 126. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 胞(胞)肓
Indications: Borborygmus, abdominal distension, pain in the lower back, anuria.
Innervation: The superior cluneal nerves; deeper, the superior gluteal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the buttock region, at the same level as the second posterior sacral foramen, 3 B-cun lateral to the median sacral crest. Note: BL53, BL28 and BL32 are located at the same level as the second posterior sacral foramen.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.8-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Baohuang
Specific Body Region: ilx_0741680
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795314
General Body Region: UBERON_0013691
Synonym: B 53
Synonym: Bladder 53
Synonym: UB 53
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 53
Vasculature: The superior gluteal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0013691
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0741680
subclass of: TARA_0995552

SP 10
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 74. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 血海(海)
Indications: Irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, uterine bleeding, amenorrhea, urticaria, eczema, erysipelas, pain in the medial aspect of the thigh.
Innervation: The anterior femoral cutaneous nerve and the muscular branch of the femoral nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the anteromedial aspect of the thigh, on the bulge of the vastus medialis muscle, 2 B-cun superior to the medial end of the base of the patella.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4167850
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Xuehai
Specific Body Region: vastus medialis
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002446
General Body Region: UBERON_0000376
Synonym: Spleen 10
Vasculature: The muscular branches of the femoral artery and vein.
is studied in article: s0140-6736(05)66871-7
is studied in article: j.1365-2044.1999.01030.x
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1080/165019702760279233
is studied in article: acm.1999.5.521
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002446
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000376
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: vastus medialis
subclass of: TARA_5629511

BL 63
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 131. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 金門(门)
Special Point Role: TARA_4598552
Indications: Mania, epilepsy, infantile convulsion, backache, pain the external malleolus, motor impairment and pain of the lower extremities.
Innervation: The lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve of foot; deeper, the lateral plantar nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the dorsum of the foot, distal to the anterior border of the lateral malleolus, posterior to the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal bone, in the depression inferior to the cuboid bone.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Jinmen
Specific Body Region: cuboid bone
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003654
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0012291
General Body Region: UBERON_0002387
Synonym: B 63
Synonym: Bladder 63
Synonym: UB 63
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 63
Vasculature: The lateral plantar artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0012291
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: cuboid bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003654
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2798650
subclass of: TARA_0995552
subclass of: TARA_4598552

ST 44
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 68. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 内庭
Special Point Role: TARA_9857829
Indications: Toothache, pain in the face, deviation of the mouth, sore throat, epistaxis, gastric pain, acid regurgitation, abdominal distension, diarrhea, dysentery, constipation, swelling and pain of the dorsum of the foot, febrile diseases.
Innervation: Just where the lateral branch of the medial dorsal cutaneous nerve divides into dorsal digital nerves.
Acupuncture Location: On the dorsum of the foot, between the second and third toes, posterior to the web margin, at the border between the red and white flesh.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Neiting
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003632
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003633
General Body Region: UBERON_0002387
Synonym: S 44
Synonym: Stomach 44
Vasculature: The dorsal venous network of foot.
is studied in article: s0304-3959(00)00315-8
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2001.00198.x
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01209.x
is studied in article: aim.19.1.19
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003632
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2478120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003633
subclass of: TARA_5282844
subclass of: TARA_9857829

GV 14
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 210. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 大椎
Indications: Neck pain and rigidity, malaria, febrile diseases, epilepsy, afternoon fever, cough, asthma, common cold, back stiffness.
Innervation: The posterior ramus of the eighth cervical nerve and the medial branch of the posterior ramus of the first thoracic nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the posterior region of the neck, in the depression inferior to the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra (C7), on the posterior median line. Note 1: When the head is in a neutral position while the subject is seated, the most prominent site on the posterior aspect of the neck is the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra (C7). Forward flexion of the neck may facilitate palpation of the C7 spinous process. Note 2: Slight rotation of C7 can be pal- pated by rotating the head with the neck slightly flexed.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely upward 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Dazhui
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004616
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0000974
Synonym: Du 14
Synonym: Governor Vessel 14
Vasculature: The branch of the transverse cervical artery.
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-199809000-00012
is studied in article: bmj.38512.405440.8f
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000974
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004616
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: TARA_8364824

LI 8
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 37. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 下廉
Indications: Abdominal pain, borborygmus, pain in the elbow and arm, motor impairment of the upper limbs.
Acupuncture Location: On the posterolateral aspect of the forearm, on the line connecting LI5 with LI11, 4 B- cun inferior to the cubital crease. Note: LI8 is located at the junction of the upper one third and lower two thirds of the line connecting LI5 with LI11, 1 B-cun inferior to LI9.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4610474
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Xialian
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795332
General Body Region: UBERON_0002386
Synonym: Large Intestine 8
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795332
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: TARA_7932600

BL 35
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 117. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 會(会)陽(阳)
Indications: Dysentery, bloody stools, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, impotence, morbid leukorrhea.
Innervation: The coccygeal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the buttock region, 0.5 B-cun lateral to the extremity of the coccyx. Note: The subject may be in prone position or knee-chest position. BL35 is located at the soft depression lateral to the extremity of the coccyx.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Huiyang
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001350
General Body Region: UBERON_0013691
Synonym: B 35
Synonym: Bladder 35
Synonym: UB 35
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 35
Vasculature: The branches of the inferior gluteal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0013691
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001350
subclass of: TARA_0995552

GV 4
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 205. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 命門(门)
Indications: Stiffness of the back, lumbago, impotence, nocturnal emission, irregular menstruation, diarrhea, indigestion, leukorrhea.
Acupuncture Location: In the lumbar region, in the depression inferior to the spinous process of the second lumbar vertebra (L2), on the posterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Mingmen
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004618
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0005462
Synonym: Du 4
Synonym: Governor Vessel 4
Synonym: Mingmen
Vasculature: See Yaoyangguan (GY 3).
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-200311000-00004
is studied in article: journal.pone.0000919
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004618
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0005462
subclass of: TARA_8364824

Bizhong
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Paralysis, spasm and contracture of the upper extremities, pain of the forearm.
Acupuncture Location: On the lateral aspect of the forearm, midway between the transverse wrist crease and elbow crease, between the radius and the ulna.
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 1.0-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Synonym: EX-UE 12
Synonym: M-UE 30
subclass of: TARA_3535998

GV 12
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 209. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 身柱
Indications: Cough, asthma, epilepsy, pain and stiffness of the back, furuncles.
Innervation: The medial branch of the posterior ramus of the third thoracic nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, in the depression inferior to the spinous process of the third thoracic vertebra (T3), on the posterior median line. Note: The depression inferior to the spinous process of the third thoracic vertebra (T3) which is at the intersection of two imaginary lines: the posterior median line and the horizontal line of the medial end of the spine of the scapula.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely upward 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Shenzhu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004628
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0006849
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: Du 12
Synonym: Governor Vessel 12
Vasculature: The posterior branch of the third intercostal artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0006849
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004628
subclass of: TARA_8364824

ST 26
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 58. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 外陵
Indications: Abdominal pain, hernia, dysmenorrhea.
Acupuncture Location: On the lower abdomen, 1 B-cun inferior to the centre of the umbilicus, 2 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note: ST26 is at the same level and lateral to KI15 and CV7.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.7-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Wailing
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795303
Synonym: S 26
Synonym: Stomach 26
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795303
subclass of: TARA_5282844

HT 9
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 86. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 少衝(冲)
Special Point Role: TARA_2954517
Indications: Palpitation, cardiac pain, pain in the chest and hypochondriac regions, mania, febrile diseases, loss of consciousness.
Innervation: The palmar digital proprial nerve derived from the ulnar nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the little finger, radial to the distal phalanx, 0.1 f-cun proximal-lateral to the radial corner of the little fingernail, at the intersection of the vertical line of the radial border of the nail and horizontal line of the base of the little fingernail.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9474009
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.1 inch, or prick with a three-edged needle to cause bleeding. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Shaochong
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004300
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0011277
General Body Region: UBERON_0003625
Synonym: H 9
Synonym: HE 9
Synonym: Heart 9
Vasculature: The arterial and venous network formed by the palmar digital proprial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0011277
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3839815
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003625
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004300
subclass of: TARA_1194553
subclass of: TARA_2954517

KI 24
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 147. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 靈(灵,霊)墟(墟)
Indications: Cough, asthma, fullness in the chest and hypochondriac region, mastitis.
Innervation: The anterior cutaneous branch of the third intercostal nerve; deeper, the third intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, in the third intercostal space, 2 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4813389
Pinyin Label: Lingxu
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795297
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: K 24
Synonym: Kidney 24
Vasculature: The third intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795297
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: TARA_8866697

KI 10
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 140. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 陰(阴)谷
Special Point Role: TARA_6594221
Indications: Impotence, hernia, uterine bleeding, dysuria, pain in the knee and popliteal fossa, mental disorders.
Innervation: The medial femoral cutaneous nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the posteromedial aspect of the knee, just lateral to the semitendinosus tendon, in the popliteal crease.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4813389
Pinyin Label: Yingu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_8480009
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795330
General Body Region: UBERON_0001465
Synonym: K 10
Synonym: Kidney 10
Vasculature: The medial superior genicular artery and vein.
is studied in article: s0140-6736(05)66871-7
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001465
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795330
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_4109407
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_8480009
subclass of: TARA_6594221
subclass of: TARA_8866697

GB 27
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 185. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 五樞(枢)
Indications: Leukorrhea, lower abdominal pain, lumbar pain, hernia, constipation.
Innervation: The iliohypogastric nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the lower abdomen, 3 B-cun inferior to the centre of umbilicus, medial to the anterior superior iliac spine. Note: GB 27 is 3 B-cun inferior to GB 26, at the same level as CV 4.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Wushu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0013708
General Body Region: ilx_0795303
Synonym: G 27
Synonym: Gallbladder 27
Vasculature: The superficial and deep circumflex iliac arteries and veins.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795303
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0013708
subclass of: TARA_1926756

GB 34
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 188. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 陽(阳)陵泉
Special Point Role: Influential Point of Tendon
Special Point Role: TARA_6594221
Innervation: Just where the common peroneal nerve bifurcates into the superficial and deep peroneal nerves.
Acupuncture Location: On the fibular aspect of the leg, in the depression anterior and distal to the head of the fibula.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.8-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yanglingquan
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001446
General Body Region: UBERON_0003823
Synonym: G 34
Synonym: Gallbladder 34
Vasculature: The inferior lateral genicular artery and vein.
is studied in article: Randomised trial of long term effect of acupuncture for shoulder pain *
is studied in article: s0140-6736(05)66871-7
is studied in article: ctim.2001.0442
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1080/165019702760279233
is studied in article: acm.2005.11.663
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01062.x
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01209.x
is studied in article: aim.19.1.19
is studied in article: bmj.322.7302.1574
is studied in article: bmj.38512.405440.8f
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215507077362
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-7-35
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_4109407
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Influential Point of Tendon Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001446
subclass of: TARA_1926756
subclass of: Influential Point of Tendon
subclass of: TARA_6594221

Medial Xiyan
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Knee pain, weakness of the lower extremities.
Acupuncture Location: A Xiyan point located in the depression, medial to the patellar ligament, locating the point with the knee flexed.
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5- 1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003676
General Body Region: UBERON_0001465
Synonym: EX-LE 4
Synonym: Neixiyan
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003676
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001465
subclass of: Xiyan

ST 34
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 63. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 梁丘
Special Point Role: TARA_4598552
Indications: Pain and numbness of the knee, gastric pain, mastitis, motor impairment of the lower extremities.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterolateral aspect of the thigh, between the vastus lateralis muscle and the lateral border of the rectus femoris tendon, 2 B-cun superior to the base of the patella. Note: Putting the thigh muscle under tension, the rectus femoris tendon and the vastus lateralis muscle are more distinct. St34 is located between the muscle and the tendon, 1 B-cun directly inferior to St33.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 05-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Liangqiu
Specific Body Region: vastus lateralis
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002446
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0014848
General Body Region: UBERON_0000376
Synonym: S 34
Synonym: Stomach 34
is studied in article: s0140-6736(05)66871-7
is studied in article: j.1365-2044.1999.01030.x
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1080/165019702760279233
is studied in article: acm.1999.5.521
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2798650
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: vastus lateralis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000376
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0014848
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002446
subclass of: TARA_4598552
subclass of: TARA_5282844

GV 3
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 205. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 腰陽(阳)關(关,関)
Innervation: The medial branch of the posterior ramus of the lumbar nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the lumbar region, in the depression inferior to the spinous process of the fourth lumbar vertebra (L4), on the posterior median line. Note: GV 3 can be located by first palpating the highest points of the iliac crests and the spinous process of the fourth lumbar vertebra (L4) can then be found at the midpoint of the highest points of both iliac crests.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yaoyangguan
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004620
Specific Body Region: iliac crest
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0005462
Synonym: Du 3
Synonym: Governor Vessel 3
Vasculature: The posterior branch of the lumbar artery.
is studied in article: journal.pone.0000919
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0005462
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: iliac crest
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004620
subclass of: TARA_8364824

Zhoujian
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Acupuncture Location: On the tip of the ulnar olecranon when the elbow is flexed.
Synonym: EX-UE 1
Synonym: M-UE 46
subclass of: TARA_3535998

ST 32
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 62. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 伏兎(兔)
Indications: Pain in the lumbar and iliac region, coldness of the knee, paralysis or motor impairment and pain of the lower extremities, beriberi.
Innervation: The anterior and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterolateral aspect of the thigh, on the line connecting the lateral end of the base of the patella with the anterior superior iliac spine, 6 B-cun superior to the base of the patella.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 1.0-1.5 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Futu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002446
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0013708
General Body Region: UBERON_0000376
Synonym: S 32
Synonym: Stomach 32
Vasculature: The branches of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and vein.
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215507077362
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000376
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0013708
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002446
subclass of: TARA_5282844

CV 6
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 222. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 氣(气,気)海(海)
Indications: Abdominal pain, enuresis, nocturnal emission, impotence, hernia, edema, diarrhea, dysentery, uterine bleeding, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, morbid leukorrhea, postpartum hemorrhage, constipation, flaccid type of apoplexy, asthma.
Acupuncture Location: On the lower abdomen, 1.5 B-cun inferior to the centre of the umbilicus, on the ante- rior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6789717
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.8-1.2 inches. This is one of the important points for tonification. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Qihai
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795303
Synonym: Conception Vessel 6
Synonym: RN 6
Synonym: Ren 6
Vasculature: See Shimen (CV 5).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795303
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: TARA_1092703

TE 20
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 167. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 角孫(孙)
Indications: Tinnitus, redness, pain and swelling of the eye, swelling of gum, toothache, parotitis.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, just superior to the auricular apex. Note: With the auricle folded forward and pressed against the head, the point is located where the auricular apex touches the head.
Meridian Membership: TARA_3898257
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Jiaosun
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001690
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: SJ 20
Synonym: San Jiao 20
Synonym: TB 20
Synonym: TH 20
Synonym: TW 20
Synonym: Triple Burner 20
Synonym: Triple Energizer 20
Synonym: Triple Heater 20
Synonym: Triple Warmer 20
Vasculature: The branches of the superficial temporal artery and vein. Innervation: The branches of the auriculotemporal nerve.
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01062.x
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001690
subclass of: TARA_5361067

TE 19
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 167. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 顱(颅)息
Indications: Headache, tinnitus, deafness, pain in the ear, infantile convulsion.
Innervation: The anastomotic branch of the great auricular nerve and the lesser occipital nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, at the junction of the upper one third and lower two thirds of the curved line from tE17 to tE20.
Meridian Membership: TARA_3898257
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Luxi
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: SJ 19
Synonym: San Jiao 19
Synonym: TB 19
Synonym: TH 19
Synonym: TW 19
Synonym: Triple Burner 19
Synonym: Triple Energizer 19
Synonym: Triple Heater 19
Synonym: Triple Warmer 19
Vasculature: The posterior auricular artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: TARA_5361067

CV 24
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 231. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 承漿(浆)
Indications: Facial puffiness, swel1ing of the gums, toothache, salivation, mental disorders, deviation of the eyes and mouth.
Innervation: The branch of the facial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the face, in the depression in the centre of the mentolabial sulcus.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6789717
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely upward 0.2-0.3 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Chengjiang
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795327
General Body Region: UBERON_0001456
Synonym: Conception Vessel 24
Synonym: RN 24
Synonym: Ren 24
Vasculature: The branches of the inferior labial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795327
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001456
subclass of: TARA_1092703

GB 43
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 193. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 俠(侠)谿(溪)
Special Point Role: TARA_9857829
Indications: Headache, dizziness and vertigo, pain of the outer canthus, tinnitus, deafness, swelling of the cheek, pain in the hypochondriac region, distending pain of the breast, febrile diseases.
Innervation: The dorsal digital nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the dorsum of the foot, between the fourth and fifth toes, proximal to the web margin, at the border between the red and white flesh.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Xiaxi
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003634
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003635
General Body Region: UBERON_0002387
Synonym: G 43
Synonym: Gallbladder 43
Vasculature: The dorsal digital artery and vein.
is studied in article: aim.19.1.19
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2478120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003635
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003634
subclass of: TARA_1926756
subclass of: TARA_9857829

GB 18
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 180. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 承靈(灵,霊)
Innervation: The branch of the great occipital nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, 4 B-cun within the anterior hairline, directly superior to the centre of the pupil. Note: GB18 is 1.5 B-cun posterior to gB17, at the same level as BL7.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Chengling
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001771
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795292
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: G 18
Synonym: Gallbladder 18
Vasculature: The branches of the occipital artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001771
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795292
subclass of: TARA_1926756

ST 14
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 52. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 庫(库)房
Indications: Sensation of fullness in the chest, chest pain, cough.
Innervation: The branch of the anteri,or thoracic nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, in the first intercostal space, 4 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture‚Ä¢ obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Kufang
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795283
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: S 14
Synonym: Stomach 14
Vasculature: The thoracoacromial artery and vein and the branches of the lateral thoracic artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795283
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: TARA_5282844

LI 11
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 39. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 曲池
Special Point Role: TARA_6594221
Indications: Sore throat, toothache, redness and pain of the eye, scrofula, urticaria, motor impairment of the upper extremities, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, febrile diseases.
Innervation: The posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve; deeper, on the medial side, the radial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the lateral aspect of the elbow, at the midpoint of the line connecting LU5 with the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. Note: When the elbow is fully flexed, LI11 is located in the depression on the lateral end of the cubital crease.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4610474
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 1.0-1.5 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Quchi
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0006807
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795332
General Body Region: UBERON_0001461
Synonym: Large Intestine 11
Vasculature: The branches of the radial recurrent artery and vein.
is studied in article: acm.2005.11.663
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/41.2.205
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-7-35
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_4109407
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0006807
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001461
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795332
subclass of: TARA_6594221
subclass of: TARA_7932600

SP 1
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 70. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 隱(隐,隠)白
Special Point Role: TARA_2954517
Indications: Abdominal distension, bloody stools, menorrhagia, uterine bleeding, mental disorders, dream disturbed sleep, convulsion.
Innervation: On the anastomosis of the dorsal digital nerve derived from the superficial peroneal nerve and the plantar digital proprial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the great toe, medial to the distal phalanx, 0.1 f-cun proximal-medial to the me- dial corner of the toenail, at the intersection of the vertical line of the medial border and horizontal line of the base of the toenail.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4167850
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.1 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yinbai
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004300
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0009567
General Body Region: UBERON_0003631
Synonym: Spleen 1
Vasculature: The dorsal digital artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3839815
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004300
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0009567
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003631
subclass of: TARA_2954517
subclass of: TARA_5629511

BL 45
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 122. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 譩譆
Indications: Cough, asthma, pain of the shoulder and back.
Innervation: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the fifth and sixth thoracic nerves; deeper, their lateral branches.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the sixth thoracic vertebra (T6), 3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line. Note: BL45, BL16 and GV10 are located at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the sixth thoracic vertebra (T6).
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely downward 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yixi
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004631
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: B 45
Synonym: Bladder 45
Synonym: UB 45
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 45
Vasculature: The posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004631
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: TARA_0995552

GV 9
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 208. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 至陽(阳)
Indications: Jaundice, cough, asthma, stiffness of the back, pain in the chest and back.
Innervation: The medial branch of the posterior ramus of the seventh thoracic nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, in the depression inferior to the spinous process of the seventh thoracic vertebra (T7), on the posterior median line. Note: The depression inferior to the spinous process of the seventh thoracic vertebra (T7) which is at the intersection of two imaginary lines: the posterior midline and the horizontal line of the inferior border of the inferior angle of the scapula.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely upward 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zhiyang
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004632
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0006849
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: Du 9
Synonym: Governor Vessel 9
Vasculature: The posterior branch of the seventh intercostal artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0006849
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004632
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: TARA_8364824

GV 13
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 210. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 陶道(道)
Indications: Stiffness of the back, headache, malaria, febrile diseases.
Innervation: The medial branch of the posterior ramus of the first thoracic nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, in the depression inferior to the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra (T1), on the posterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely upward 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Taodao
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004626
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: Du 13
Synonym: Governor Vessel 13
Vasculature: The posterior branch of the first intercostal artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004626
subclass of: TARA_8364824

PC 7
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 155. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 大陵
Special Point Role: TARA_1840369
Special Point Role: TARA_6705086
Indications: Cardiac pain, palpitation, stomachache, vomiting, mental disorders, epilepsy, stuffy chest, pain in the hypochondriac region, convulsion, insomnia, irritability, foul breath.
Innervation: Deeper, the median nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterior aspect of the wrist, between the tendons of palmaris longus and the flexor carpi radialis, on the palmar wrist crease. Note: With the fist clenched, the wrist slightly flexed, the two tendons become more prominent. PC7 is located at the midpoint of the palmar wrist crease, between the tendons of palmaris longus and the flexor carpi radialis, at the same level as Ht7, at the proximal extremity of the pisiform bone.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4694897
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Daling
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0016496
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795334
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795500
General Body Region: UBERON_0004452
Synonym: P 7
Synonym: Pericardium 7
Vasculature: The palmar arterial and venous network of the wrist.
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01209.x
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004452
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795500
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795334
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016496
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_1716565
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3455429
subclass of: TARA_1840369
subclass of: TARA_3761087
subclass of: TARA_6705086

SI 13
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 94. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 曲垣
Indications: Pain and stiffness of the scapular region.
Innervation: Superficially, the lateral branch of the posterior ramus of the second thoracic nerve, the accessory nerve; deeper, the muscular branch of the suprascapular nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the scapular region, in the depression superior to the medial end of the spine of the scapula. Note: SI13 is located at the midpoint of the line connecting SI10 with the spinous pro- cess of the second thoracic vertebra (T2).
Meridian Membership: TARA_9093316
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Quyuan
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004627
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004651
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0006849
General Body Region: ilx_0795319
Synonym: Small Intestine 13
Vasculature: Superficially, the descending branches of the transverse cervical artery and vein; deeper, the muscular branch of the suprascapular artery and vem.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0006849
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004651
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004627
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795319
subclass of: TARA_3452202

BL 30
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 114. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 白環(环)兪(俞)
Indications: Enuresis, pain due to hernia, morbid leukorrhea, irregular menstruation, cold sensation and pain of the lower back, dysuria, constipation, tenesmus, prolapse of the rectum.
Innervation: The lateral branches of the posterior rami of the third and fourth sacral nerves, the inferior gluteal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the sacral region, at the same level as the fourth posterior sacral foramen, 1.5 B-cun lateral to the median sacral crest. Note: 1.5 B-cun lateral to the sacral hiatus, at the same level as BL34.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.8-1.2 inches.
Pinyin Label: Baihuanshu
Specific Body Region: ilx_0741680
Specific Body Region: ilx_0741717
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795316
General Body Region: UBERON_0005473
Synonym: B 30
Synonym: Bladder 30
Synonym: UB 30
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 30
Vasculature: The inferior gluteal artery and vein; deeper, the internal pudendal artery and vein.
is studied in article: j.1600-0412.2000.079005331.x
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0005473
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795316
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0741717
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0741680
subclass of: TARA_0995552

LI 18
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 42. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 扶突
Indications: Cough, asthma, sore throat, sudden loss of voice, scrofula, goiter.
Innervation: The great auricular nerve, cutaneous cervical nerve, lesser occipital nerve and accessory nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterior aspect of the neck, at the same level as the superior border of the thyroid cartilage, between the anterior and posterior borders of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4610474
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Futu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001128
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001738
General Body Region: UBERON_0000974
Synonym: Large Intestine 18
Vasculature: Deeper, on the medial side, the ascending cervical artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001738
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000974
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001128
subclass of: TARA_7932600

ST 22
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 56. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 關(关,関)門(门)
Indications: Abdominal distension and pain, anorexia, borborygmus, diarrhea, edema.
Acupuncture Location: On the upper abdomen, 3 B-cun superior to the centre of the umbilicus, 2 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note: ST22 is located at the same level and lateral to KI18 and CV11.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Pinyin Label: Guanmen
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795301
Synonym: S 22
Synonym: Stomach 22
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795301
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: TARA_5282844

SI 1
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 88. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 少澤(泽,沢)
Special Point Role: TARA_2954517
Indications: Headache, febrile diseases, loss of consciousness, insufficient lactation, sore throat, redness of the eye, cloudiness of the cornea.
Innervation: The palmar digital proprial nerve and the dorsal digital nerve derived from the ulnar nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the little finger, ulnar to the distal phalanx, 0.1 f-cun proximal-medial to the ulnar corner of the little fingernail, at the intersection of the vertical line of ulnar border of the nail and horizontal line of the base of the little fingernail.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9093316
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.1 inch, or prick the point to cause bleeding. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Shaoze
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004300
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0011277
General Body Region: UBERON_0003625
Synonym: Small Intestine 1
Vasculature: The arterial and venous network formed by the palmar digital proprial artery and vein and the dorsal digital artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3839815
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004300
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0011277
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003625
subclass of: TARA_2954517
subclass of: TARA_3452202

GB 3
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 173. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 上關(关,関)
Indications: Headache, deafness, tinnitus, diplacusis, deviation of the eye and mouth, toothache.
Innervation: The zygomatic branch of the facial nerve and the zygomaticofacial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, in the depression superior to the midpoint of the zygomatic arch Note: In the depression superior to the zygomatic arch, superior to St7.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Deep puncture is not advisable. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Shangguan
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002500
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: G 3
Synonym: Gallbladder 3
Vasculature: The zygomaticoorbital artery and vein.
is studied in article: bmj.38512.405440.8f
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002500
subclass of: TARA_1926756

KI 12
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 141. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 大赫
Indications: Nocturnal emission, impotence, morbid leukorrhea, pain in the external genitalia, prolapse of uterus.
Innervation: The branches of subcostal nerve and the iliohypogastric nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the lower abdomen, 4 B-cun inferior to the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4813389
Pinyin Label: Dahe
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795303
Synonym: K 12
Synonym: Kidney 12
Vasculature: The muscular branches of the inferior epigastric artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795303
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: TARA_8866697

GB 40
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 191. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 丘(坵)墟(墟)
Special Point Role: TARA_1840369
Indications: Pain in the neck, swelling in the axillary region, pain in the hypochondriac region, vomiting, acid regurgitation, muscular atrophy of the lower limbs, pain and swelling of the external malleolus, malaria.
Innervation: The branches of the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve and superficial peroneal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterolateral aspect of the ankle, in the depression lateral to the extensor digitorum longus tendon, anterior and distal to the lateral malleolus. Note: GB40 is easier to locate by finding the extensor digitorum longus tendon when the second to fifth toes are extended against resistance.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.8 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Qiuxu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0012291
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795504
General Body Region: UBERON_0004454
Synonym: G 40
Synonym: Gallbladder 40
Vasculature: The branch of the anterolateral malleolar artery.
is studied in article: j.1526-4610.2006.00598.x
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795504
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004454
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0012291
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_3455429
subclass of: TARA_1840369
subclass of: TARA_1926756

Qiuhou
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Eye diseases.
Acupuncture Location: At the junction of the lateral 1/4 and the medial 3/4 of the infraorbital margin.
Acupuncture Method: Push the eyeball upward gently, then puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.2 inches along the orbital margin slowly without movements of lifting, thrusting, twisting and rotating.
Synonym: EX-HN 7
Synonym: M-HN 8
subclass of: TARA_3535998

ST 31
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 61. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 髀(髀)關(关,関)
Indications: Pain in the thigh, muscular atrophy, motor impairment, numbness and pain of the lower extremities.
Innervation: The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterior aspect of the thigh, in the depression among three muscles: the proximal portion of the rectus femoris muscle, the sartorius muscle and the tensor fasciae latae muscle. Note 1: With the hip and the knee in slight flexion, and the thigh slightly abducted when resistance is placed against the anteromedial aspect of the thigh, a triangular depression appears. the proximal portion of the rectus femoris muscle is found in the depression between the sartorius muscle medially and the tensor fascia latae muscle laterally. St31 is located at the deepest point in the depression inferior to the apex of this triangle. Note 2: ST31 is located at the intersection of the line connecting the lateral end of the base of the patella with the anterior superior iliac spine, and the horizontal line of the inferior border of the pubic symphysis.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 1.0-1.5 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Biguan
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001373
Specific Body Region: tensor fasciae latae muscle
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002446
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003699
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0013708
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795304
General Body Region: UBERON_0000376
Synonym: S 31
Synonym: Stomach 31
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0013708
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000376
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001373
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: tensor fasciae latae muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002446
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003699
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795304
subclass of: TARA_5282844

GB 30
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 186. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 環(环)跳
Indications: Pain of the lumbar region and thigh, muscular atrophy of the lower limbs, hemiplegia.
Innervation: The inferior gluteal cutaneous nerve, the inferior gluteal nerve; deeper, the sciatic nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the buttock region, at the junction of the lateral one third and medial two thirds of the line connecting the prominence of the greater trochanter with the sacral hiatus. Note: GB30 is easier to locate when the subject is lying on the side with the thigh flexed. Remarks: Alternative location for GB30 - in the buttock region, at the junction of the lateral one third and medial two thirds of the distance between the prominence of the greater trochanter and the anterior superior iliac spine.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 1.5-2.5 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Huantiao
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002503
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0013708
Specific Body Region: ilx_0741717
General Body Region: UBERON_0013691
Synonym: G 30
Synonym: Gallbladder 30
Vasculature: Medially, the inferior gluteal artery and vein.
is studied in article: Does acupuncture improve the orthopedic management of chronic low back pain -a randomized, blinded, controlled trial with 3 months follow up
is studied in article: ctim.2001.0442
is studied in article: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-200311000-00004
is studied in article: aim.19.1.19
is studied in article: aim.22.2.60
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0013691
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002503
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0741717
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0013708
subclass of: TARA_1926756

CV 8
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 223. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 神(神)闕(阙)
Indications: Abdominal pain, borborygmus, flaccid type of apoplexy, prolapse of the rectum, unchecked diarrhea.
Innervation: The anterior cutaneous branch of the tenth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the upper abdomen, in the centre of the umbilicus.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6789717
Acupuncture Method: Puncture is prohibited! Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Shenque
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
General Body Region: ilx_0795301
Synonym: Conception Vessel 8
Synonym: RN 8
Synonym: Ren 8
Vasculature: The inferior epigastric artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795301
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: TARA_1092703

Jianqian
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Pain in the shoulder and arm, paralysis of the upper extremities.
Acupuncture Location: Midway between the end of the anterior axillary fold and Jianyu (L I 15).
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.8-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Synonym: EX-UE 13
Synonym: Jianneiling
Synonym: M-UE 48
subclass of: TARA_3535998

BL 14
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 106. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 厥陰(阴)兪(俞)
Special Point Role: Back-Shu Point of the Pericardium
Indications: Cough, cardiac pain, palpitation, stuffy chest, vomiting.
Innervation: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the fourth or fifth thoracic nerves; deeper, their lateral branches.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the fourth thoracic vertebra (T4), 1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5-0.7 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Jueyinshu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004629
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: B 14
Synonym: Back-Shu Point of the Pericardium
Synonym: Bladder 14
Synonym: UB 14
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 14
Vasculature: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004629
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Back-Shu Point of the Pericardium Role
subclass of: TARA_0995552
subclass of: Back-Shu Point of the Pericardium

ST 40
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 66. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 豐(丰,豊)隆(隆)
Special Point Role: TARA_6993030
Indications: Headache, dizziness and vertigo, cough, asthma, excessive sputum, pain in the chest, constipation, mania, epilepsy, muscular atrophy, motor impairment, pain, swelling or paralysis of the lower extremities.
Innervation: The superficial peroneal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the anterolateral aspect of the leg, lateral border of the tibialis anterior muscle, 8 B-cun superior to the prominence of the lateral malleolus. Note: ST40 is one fingerbreadth (middle finger) lateral to ST38.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Fenglong
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001385
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0012291
General Body Region: UBERON_0003823
Synonym: S 40
Synonym: Stomach 40
Vasculature: The branches of the anterior tibial artery and vein.
is studied in article: ctim.2001.0442
is studied in article: bmj.38512.405440.8f
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2162578
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0012291
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001385
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: TARA_5282844
subclass of: TARA_6993030

Taiyang
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Headache, eye diseases, deviation of the eyes and mouth.
Acupuncture Location: In the depression about one finger breadth posterior to the midpoint between the lateral end of the eyebrow and the outer canthus.
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch, or prick to cause bleeding.
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0006726
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0010163
General Body Region: UBERON_0001456
Synonym: EX-HN 5
Synonym: M-HN 9
is studied in article: s100720300062
is studied in article: j.1526-4610.2002.02203.x
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2004.00803.x
is studied in article: j.1526-4610.2006.00598.x
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0010163
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001456
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0006726
subclass of: TARA_3535998

LI 12
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 39. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 肘髎(髎)
Indications: Pain, numbness and contracture of the elbow and arm.
Innervation: The posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve; deeper, on the medial side, the radial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the posterolateral aspect of the elbow, superior to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, anterior to the lateral supraepicondylar ridge.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4610474
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zhouliao
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0006807
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795338
General Body Region: UBERON_0001461
Synonym: Large Intestine 12
Vasculature: The radial collateral artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795338
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001461
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0006807
subclass of: TARA_7932600

GV 7
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 207. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 中樞(枢)
Indications: Pain in the epigastric region, low back pain, stiffness of the back.
Innervation: The medial branch of the posterior ramus of the tenth thoracic nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, in the depression inferior to the spinous process of the tenth thoracic vertebra (T10), on the posterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_0386099
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Zhongshu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004634
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: Du 7
Synonym: Governor Vessel 7
Vasculature: The posterior branch of the tenth intercostal artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004634
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: TARA_8364824

ST 30
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 60. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 氣(气,気)衝(冲)
Indications: Abdominal pain, borborygmus, hernia, swelling and pain of the external genitalia, impotence, dysmenorrhea, irregular menstruation.
Innervation: The pathway of the ilioinguinal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the groin region, at the same level as the superior border of the pubic symphysis, 2 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line, over the femoral artery. Note: ST30 is 5 B-cun inferior to ST25, 2 B-cun lateral to CV2.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Pinyin Label: Qichong
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002060
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003699
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: UBERON_0008337
Synonym: S 30
Synonym: Stomach 30
Vasculature: The branches of the superficial epigastric artery and vein; laterally, the inferior epigastric artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002060
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003699
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008337
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: TARA_5282844

KI 11
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 141. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 橫骨(骨)
Indications: Fullness and pain of the lower abdomen, dysuria enuresis, nocturnal emission, impotence, pain of genitalia.
Innervation: The branch of the iliohypogastric nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the lower abdomen, 5 B-cun inferior to the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4813389
Pinyin Label: Henggu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795303
Synonym: K 11
Synonym: Kidney 11
Vasculature: The inferior epigastric artery and external pudendal artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795303
subclass of: TARA_8866697

Sishencong
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Headache, vertigo, insomnia, poor memory, epilepsy.
Acupuncture Location: A group of 4 points, at the vertex, 1 cun respectively posterior, anterior and lateral to Baihui (GV 20). (See Fig. 119)
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Synonym: EX-HN 1
Synonym: M-HN 1
subclass of: TARA_3535998

BL 18
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 108. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 肝兪(俞)
Special Point Role: Back-Shu Point of the Liver
Indications: Jaundice, pain in the hypochondriac region, redness of the eye, blurring of vision, night blindness, mental disorders, epilepsy, backache, spitting of blood, epistaxis.
Innervation: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the ninth and tenth thoracic nerves; deeper, their lateral branches.
Acupuncture Location: In the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the ninth thoracic vertebra (T9), 1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5-0.7 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Ganshu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0004633
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795312
General Body Region: UBERON_0008231
Synonym: B 18
Synonym: Back-Shu Point of the Liver
Synonym: Bladder 18
Synonym: UB 18
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 18
Vasculature: The medial branches of the posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008231
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Back-Shu Point of the Liver Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004633
subclass of: TARA_0995552
subclass of: Back-Shu Point of the Liver

HT 2
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 82. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 靑(青)靈(灵,霊)
Indications: Pain in the cardiac and hypochondriac regions, shoulder and arm.
Innervation: The medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, the medial brachial cutaneous nerve and the ulnar nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the medial aspect of the arm, just medial to the biceps brachii muscle, 3 B-cun superior to the cubital crease. Note: With the elbow flexed and the arm abducted, Ht2 is located at the junction of the upper two thirds and lower one third of the line connecting Ht1 with Ht3.
Meridian Membership: TARA_9474009
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Qingling
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001507
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795332
General Body Region: UBERON_0001460
Synonym: H 2
Synonym: HE 2
Synonym: Heart 2
Vasculature: The basilic vein, the superior ulnar collateral artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001460
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001507
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795332
subclass of: TARA_1194553

TE 16
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 165. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 天牖
Indications: Headache, neck rigidity, facial swelling, blurring of vision, sudden deafness.
Innervation: The lesser occipital nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior region of the neck, at the same level as the angle of the mandible, in the depression posterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Meridian Membership: TARA_3898257
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Tianyou
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001128
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001684
General Body Region: UBERON_0000974
Synonym: SJ 16
Synonym: San Jiao 16
Synonym: TB 16
Synonym: TH 16
Synonym: TW 16
Synonym: Triple Burner 16
Synonym: Triple Energizer 16
Synonym: Triple Heater 16
Synonym: Triple Warmer 16
Vasculature: The posterior auricular artery.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001684
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001128
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000974
subclass of: TARA_5361067

LI 6
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 36. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 偏歷(历)
Special Point Role: TARA_6993030
Indications: Redness of the eye, tinnitus, deafness, epistaxis, aching of the hand and arm, sore throat, edema.
Innervation: On the radial side, the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve and the superficial ramus of the radial nerve; on the ulnar side, the posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve and the posterior antebrachial interosseous nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the posterolateral aspect of the forearm, on the line connecting LI5 with LI11, 3 B- cun superior to the dorsal wrist crease. Note: LI6 is located at the junction of the upper three fourths and the lower one fourth of the line connecting LI5 with LI11.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4610474
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly or obliquely 0.5-0.8 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Pianli
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795333
General Body Region: UBERON_0002386
Synonym: Large Intestine 6
Vasculature: The cephalic vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795333
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_2162578
subclass of: TARA_6993030
subclass of: TARA_7932600

KI 7
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 139. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 復(复)溜
Special Point Role: TARA_7315457
Indications: Edema, abdominal distension, diarrhea, borborygmus, muscular atrophy of the leg, night sweating, spontaneous sweating, febrile diseases without sweating.
Innervation: The medial sural and medial crural cutaneous nerves; deeper, the tibial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the posteromedial aspect of the leg, anterior to the calcaneal tendon, 2 B-cun superior to the prominence of the medial malleolus. Note: At the same level and posterior to KI8.
Meridian Membership: TARA_4813389
Pinyin Label: Fuliu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003701
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795305
General Body Region: UBERON_0003823
Synonym: K 7
Synonym: Kidney 7
Vasculature: Deeper, anteriorly, the posterior tibial artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003701
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795305
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_1758929
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: TARA_7315457
subclass of: TARA_8866697

Shiqizhui
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Lumbar Pain, thigh pain, paralysis of the lower extremities, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea.
Acupuncture Location: Below the spinous process of the fifth lumbar vertebra.
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.8-1.2 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Synonym: EX-B 8
Synonym: M-BW 25
Synonym: Shiqizhuixia
subclass of: TARA_3535998

CV 4
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 221. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 關(关,関)元
Special Point Role: Front-Mu Point of the Small Intestine
Indications: Enuresis, nocturnal emission, frequency of urination, retention of urine, hernia, irregular menstruation, morbid leukorrhea, dysmenorrhea, uterine bleeding, postpartum hemorrhage, lower abdominal pain, indigestion, diarrhea, prolapse of the rectum, flaccid type of apoplexy.
Innervation: The medial branch of the anterior cutaneous branch of the twelfth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the lower abdomen, 3 B-cun inferior to the centre of the umbilicus, on the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6789717
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.8-1.2 inches. This is one of the important points for tonification. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Guanyuan
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0007118
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
General Body Region: ilx_0795303
Synonym: Conception Vessel 4
Synonym: Front-Mu Point of the Small Intestine
Synonym: RN 4
Synonym: Ren 4
Vasculature: See Zhongji (CV 3).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Front-Mu Point of the Small Intestine Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795303
subclass of: TARA_1092703
subclass of: Front-Mu Point of the Small Intestine

BL 36
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 117. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 承扶
Indications: Pain in the lower back and gluteal region, constipation, muscular atrophy, pain, numbness and motor impairment of the lower extremities.
Innervation: The posterior femoral cutaneous nerve; deeper, the sciatic nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the buttock region, at the midpoint of the gluteal fold.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 1.0-1.5 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Chengfu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0036014
General Body Region: UBERON_0013691
Synonym: B 36
Synonym: Bladder 36
Synonym: UB 36
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 36
Vasculature: The artery and vein running alongside the sciatic nerve.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0036014
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0013691
subclass of: TARA_0995552

BL 7
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 103. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 8, Acupuncture Points of the Shaoyin and Taiyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 通(通)天
Indications: Headache, giddiness, nasal obstruction, epistaxis, rhinorrhea.
Innervation: The branch of the great occipital nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, 4 B-cun superior to the anterior hairline, 1.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note: Midway between BL6 and BL8.
Meridian Membership: TARA_7525476
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Tongtian
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795292
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: B 7
Synonym: Bladder 7
Synonym: UB 7
Synonym: Urinary Bladder 7
Vasculature: The superficial temporal artery and vein and the occipital artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795292
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: TARA_0995552

ST 8
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 49. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 頭(头)維(维)
Indications: Headache, blurring of vision, ophthalmalgia, lacrimation.
Innervation: The branch of the auriculotemporal nerve and the temporal branch of the facial nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, 0.5 B-cun directly superior to the anterior hairline at the corner of the forehead, 4.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture 0.5-1.0 inch subcutaneously.
Pinyin Label: Touwei
Specific Body Region: forehead
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795292
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: S 8
Synonym: Stomach 8
Vasculature: The frontal branches of the superficial temporal artery and vein.
is studied in article: s0304-3959(00)00315-8
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2001.00198.x
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01209.x
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: forehead
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795292
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: TARA_5282844

GB 38
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 190. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 陽(阳)輔(辅)
Special Point Role: TARA_7315457
Indications: Migraine, pain of the outer canthus, pain in the axillary region, scrofula, lumbar pain, pain in the chest, hypochondriac region and lateral aspect of the lower extremities, malaria.
Acupuncture Location: On the fibular aspect of the leg, anterior to the fibula, 4 B-cun proximal to the prominence of the lateral malleolus.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-0.7 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yangfu
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001446
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0012291
General Body Region: UBERON_0003823
Synonym: G 38
Synonym: Gallbladder 38
Vasculature: See Guangming (GB 37).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0012291
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: TARA_1758929
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001446
subclass of: TARA_1926756
subclass of: TARA_7315457

GB 14
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 178. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 陽(阳)白
Indications: Headache in the frontal region, pain of the orbital ridge, eye pain, vertigo, twitching of the eyelids, ptosis of the eyelids, lacrimation.
Innervation: The lateral branch of the frontal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: On the head, 1 B-cun superior to the eyebrow, directly superior to the centre of the pupil.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture subcutaneously 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Yangbai
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001771
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0010163
General Body Region: UBERON_0000033
Synonym: G 14
Synonym: Gallbladder 14
Vasculature: The lateral branches of the frontal artery and vein.
is studied in article: s100720300062
is studied in article: s0304-3959(00)00315-8
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2001.00198.x
is studied in article: j.1526-4610.2002.02203.x
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2004.00803.x
is studied in article: j.1468-2982.2006.01209.x
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0010163
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001771
subclass of: TARA_1926756

TARA Acupoints Ontology
type: Ontology
contributor: Fahim T. Imam, PhD - https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4752-543X
contributor: Ilias Ziogas, PhD - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9210-2455
contributor: Maryann E. Martone, PhD - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8406-3871
contributor: Richard Harris, PhD - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2067-8447
creator: Fahim T. Imam, PhD - https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4752-543X
date: April 17, 2026
description: The TARA Acupoints Ontology is an ontology developed as part of the Topological Atlas and Repository for Acupoint Research (TARA) project funded by the National Institute of Health (NIH). The goal of TARA is to establish a new comprehensive resource for the acupuncture research and clinician community. The ontology will be used to support semantic search and annotations for anatomical maps, atlases, and data sets relevant to the TARA project.
source: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
source: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7.
see also: - About TARA Project: https://www.acupunctureresearch.org/tara - TARA Ontology GitHub Repo: https://purl.org/tara/ontology/repo - TARA Ontology Updates: https://purl.org/tara/ontology/updates - TARA Ontology Files: https://purl.org/tara/ontology
prior version: 1.0.0
version info: 1.2.0

Abbreviation
type: AnnotationProperty
sub property of: IAO_0000118

Acronym
type: AnnotationProperty
sub property of: IAO_0000118

hasAssociatedOrgan
type: ObjectProperty
description: An object property that relates a meridian to the organ it is associated with according to traditional Chinese medicine theory (e.g., the Lung Meridian is associated with the Lung). Used to express the organ affiliation of a meridian as an OWL axiom.

Author
type: AnnotationProperty
sub property of: creator

Chinese Label
type: AnnotationProperty
sub property of: IAO_0000118

hasDesignatedOrgan
type: AnnotationProperty
description: An annotation property that relates an acupoint to the organ it is designated to affect according to traditional Chinese medicine theory (e.g., LU 1 is designated to the Lung). This designation reflects the organ affiliation defined by the meridian to which the acupoint belongs.
sub property of: hasAcupointAnnotaionProperty

Special Point Role
type: AnnotationProperty
description: An annotation property that records the named special point role(s) designated to an acupoint as a textual annotation (e.g., LU 1 has the role Front-Mu Point of the Lung; LU 5 has the role He-Sea Point). For the structured object-property representation of this designation, see hasSpecialPointDesignation.
sub property of: hasAcupointAnnotaionProperty

English Label
type: AnnotationProperty
sub property of: IAO_0000118

Indications
type: AnnotationProperty
description: An annotation property that lists the clinical conditions and symptoms for which an acupoint is indicated according to traditional Chinese medicine (e.g., LU 1: 'Cough, asthma, pain in the chest, shoulder and back; fullness of the chest.').
sub property of: hasAcupointDescription

Innervation
type: AnnotationProperty
description: An annotation property that describes the nerve supply in the vicinity of an acupoint relevant to safe needling (e.g., LU 1: 'The intermediate supraclavicular nerve, the branches of the anterior thoracic nerve, and the lateral cutaneous branch of the first intercostal nerve.').
sub property of: hasAcupointDescription

Acupuncture Location
type: AnnotationProperty
description: An annotation property that provides the canonical textual description of an acupoint's anatomical location on the body surface (e.g., LU 1: 'On the anterior thoracic region, at the same level as the first intercostal space, lateral to the infraclavicular fossa, 6 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.'). Values follow the WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations where available.
sub property of: hasAcupointDescription

hasMemberAcupoint
type: ObjectProperty
description: An object property that relates a meridian to an acupoint belonging to it (e.g., the Lung Meridian has member acupoints LU 1 through LU 11). It is the inverse of isMemberAcupointOf and is a sub-property of the RO relation 'has member' (RO:0002351).
domain: TARA_7226516
range: TARA_1132428
sub property of: has member
inverse of: isMemberAcupointOf

Meridian Membership
type: AnnotationProperty
description: An annotation property that relates an acupoint to the meridian it belongs to (e.g., LU 1 and LU 2 belong to the Lung Meridian). Each meridian acupoint is assigned to exactly one meridian.
domain: TARA_1132428
range: TARA_7226516
sub property of: hasAcupointAnnotaionProperty

Acupuncture Method
type: AnnotationProperty
description: An annotation property that describes the recommended needling method for an acupoint, including needle angle, depth, and applicability of moxibustion (e.g., LU 1: 'Puncture obliquely 0.5-0.8 cun towards the lateral aspect of the chest. To avoid injuring the lung, never puncture deeply towards the medial aspect. Moxibustion is applicable.').
sub property of: hasAcupointDescription

Pinyin Label
type: AnnotationProperty
sub property of: IAO_0000118

Reference
type: AnnotationProperty
sub property of: Bibliographic Citation

Specific Body Region
type: AnnotationProperty
description: An annotation property that relates an acupoint to one or more specific anatomical structures within the general body region identified by hasSurfaceLocation. It provides a finer-grained localization of the acupoint (e.g., LU 1 is related to the First Intercostal Space, Infraclavicular Fossa, and Anterior Median Line, all within the Anterior Thoracic Region identified by hasSurfaceLocation).
sub property of: hasAcupointLocation

General Body Region
type: AnnotationProperty
description: An annotation property that relates an acupoint to the general body region on whose surface it is located. It provides a coarse-grained anatomical grouping for the acupoint (e.g., LU 1 is located on the Anterior Thoracic Region). This property is used together with hasRelatedLocation, which further specifies the particular anatomical structures within this general region.
sub property of: hasAcupointLocation

Synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
sub property of: IAO_0000118

Vasculature
type: AnnotationProperty
description: An annotation property that describes the blood vessels in the vicinity of an acupoint relevant to safe needling (e.g., LU 1: 'Superolaterally, the axillary artery and vein, the thoracoacromial artery and vein.').
sub property of: hasAcupointDescription

imported-terms.owl
type: Ontology
comment: This file contains the imported terms from UBERON, InterLex, Mondo Disease Ontology (MONDO), and Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) for TARA Acupoints Ontology. It includes the basic hierarchy and the partnomy of the imported terms. - About UBERON: https://obofoundry.org/ontology/uberon.html - About MONDO: https://mondo.monarchinitiative.org/ - About HPO: https://hpo.jax.org/ - About InterLex: https://scicrunch.org/scicrunch/interlex/dashboard

tara-acupoints-upper.owl
type: Ontology
default language: en
comment: This file contains the upper ontology terms for the core TARA Acupoints Ontology. It uses some of the upper level classes from UBERON, extending the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). It also includes the minimal subset of properties from relation ontology (RO Core). For annotation properties, it imports a subset of the Information Artifact Ontology (IAO). - About RO Core: https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/ROCore - About BFO: https://obofoundry.org/ontology/bfo.html - About IAO: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO

has_alternative_id
type: AnnotationProperty

has_broad_synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
label: has broad synonym
definition: An alternative label for a class or property which has a more general meaning than the preferred name/primary label.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/18
sub property of: IAO_0000118

database_cross_reference
type: AnnotationProperty
label: has cross-reference
example of usage: disease characteristic (MONDO:0021125) has cross-reference (http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDbXref) "NCIT:C41009"^^xsd:string
definition: An annotation property that links an ontology entity or a statement to a prefixed identifier or URI.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/123
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7356-1779

has_exact_synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
label: has exact synonym
definition: An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20
sub property of: IAO_0000118

has_narrow_synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
label: has narrow synonym
definition: An alternative label for a class or property which has a more specific meaning than the preferred name/primary label.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/19
sub property of: IAO_0000118

has_obo_namespace
type: AnnotationProperty

has_related_synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
label: has related synonym
definition: An alternative label for a class or property that has been used synonymously with the primary term name, but the usage is not strictly correct.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/21
sub property of: IAO_0000118

id
type: AnnotationProperty

in_subset
type: AnnotationProperty

shorthand
type: AnnotationProperty

see also
type: AnnotationProperty
has_obo_namespace: spatial
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: seeAlso
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: seeAlso

depiction
type: AnnotationProperty
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: depiction
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: depiction

Randomized Trial Comparing Traditional Chinese Medical Acupuncture, Therapeutic Massage, and Self-care Education for Chronic Low Back Pain
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Traditional Chinese Medical (TCM) acupuncture, including needling techniques, electrical stimulation, manual manipulation of needles, moxibustion, infrared heat, and cupping
Author: Daniel C Cherkin, David Eisenberg, Karen J Sherman, William Barlow, Ted J Kaptchuk, Janet Street, Richard A Deyo
has controls information: Self-care educational materials group
has country information: United States
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.161.8.1081
has needling information: Not mentioned (the paper does not specify the needle depth or angle used for acupuncture)
has publication date: 2001
has publication venue: Archives of Internal Medicine
has sample size information: Total: 262, Acupuncture: 94, Massage: 78, Self-care education: 90
has stimulation type: Manual manipulation to achieve "de qi" sensation; Electrical stimulation used in 51% of patients (specific frequency not mentioned)
has studied condition: HP_0003419
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: chronic low back pain
has trial type: RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial)

Acupuncture in Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Knee or Hip A Randomized, Controlled Trial With an Additional Nonrandomized Arm
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: needle acupuncture with manual needle stimulation
Author: Claudia M Witt, Susanne Jena, Benno Brinkhaus, Bodo Liecker, Karl Wegscheider, Stefan N Willich
has controls information: The control group did not receive any acupuncture during the first 3 months and began receiving acupuncture treatment after this period (delayed acupuncture).
has country information: Germany
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/art.22154
has needling information: Not mentioned (the paper does not specify the needle depth and/or angle used for acupuncture)
has publication date: 2006
has publication venue: Arthritis & Rheumatism
has sample size information: Total: 3,553, Randomized Acupuncture Group: 322, Control Group: 310, Nonrandomized Acupuncture Group: 2,921
has stimulation type: manual needle stimulation; no specific frequency or technique details provided
has studied condition: MONDO_0005416
has studied condition: osteoarthritis, hip
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee or hip
has trial type: pragmatic trial

Acupuncture for tension-type headache: a multicentre, sham-controlled, patientand observer-blinded, randomised trial R A P I D C O M M U N I C AT I O N
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Verum acupuncture according to traditional Chinese medicine with needle insertion 2-30 mm deep and manual stimulation to achieve De Qi; Sham acupuncture with superficial needling at non-acupuncture points, avoiding stimulation and De Qi.
Author: Heinz G Endres, Gabriele Böwing, Hans-Christoph Diener, Stefan Lange, Christoph Maier, Albrecht Molsberger, Michael Zenz, Andrew J Vickers, Martin Tegenthoff, H.-C Diener
has controls information: Sham acupuncture consisting of superficial needling at non-acupuncture points, avoiding all known verum points or meridians, with no stimulation to achieve De Qi.
has country information: Germany
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10194-007-0416-5
has needling information: Verum acupuncture: 2-30 mm; Sham acupuncture: 1-3 mm
has publication date: 2007
has sample size information: Total: 409 participants; Verum group: 209 participants; Sham group: 200 participants
has stimulation type: Manual stimulation to achieve De Qi; no specific frequency mentioned
has studied condition: HP_0012228
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: tension-type headache (TTH)
has trial type: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

Pain Threshold Responses to Two Different Modes of Sensory Stimulation in Patients With Orofacial Muscular Pain: Psychologic Considerations
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Manual acupuncture with 8 to 12 needles inserted to a depth of 5 to 10 mm, twirled every 10 minutes for 30 minutes.
Author: Eva Widerstrom-Noga, Lars-Erik Fionda, Dyrehag, Lene Börglum-Jensen, Perg Âslund, Bengtwenneberg, Sven A Andersson
has controls information: The study used randomization of intervention order and time to reach threshold as controls to prevent order effects and time-related bias. There was no separate control group without intervention.
has country information: Sweden
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(90)92269-v
has needling information: 5 to 10 mm
has publication date: 1998
has publication venue: Journal of Orofacial Pain
has sample size information: 21 participants in total
has stimulation type: Manual acupuncture: twirling every 10 minutes; Low-TENS: 1.7 Hz
has studied condition: Temporomandibular arthritis
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) with chronic orofacial muscular pain
has trial type: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

Effect of acupuncture treatment on chronic neck and shoulder pain in sedentary female workers: a 6-month and 3-year follow-up study
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: body acupuncture, body electroacupuncture, and ear acupressure
Author: Dong He, Kaj Bo Veiersted, Arne T Høstmark, Jon Ingulf Medbø
has controls information: The control group (CG) received placebo treatment, which included sham electroacupuncture without voltage and acupuncture at non-acupoint locations.
has country information: Norway
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2004.01.018
has needling information: Needle depth: 10-30 mm
has publication date: 2004
has publication venue: Pain
has sample size information: Total: 24 participants; Test Group (TG): 12 participants; Control Group (CG): 12 participants
has stimulation type: 5 Hz (electrical stimulation)
has studied condition: HP_0030833
has studied condition: Shoulder pain
has studied condition: headache disorder
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: chronic neck and shoulder pain and related headache
has trial type: RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial)

Acupuncture for patients with chronic neck pain
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: needle acupuncture with manual stimulation
Author: Claudia M Witt, Susanne Jena, Benno Brinkhaus, Bodo Liecker, Karl Wegscheider, Stefan N Willich
has controls information: The control group received routine care without any acupuncture treatment. They were not allowed to use any form of acupuncture during the first three months.
has country information: Germany
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2006.05.013
has needling information: Not mentioned (the paper does not specify needle depth or angle for acupuncture)
has publication date: 2006
has sample size information: Total: 14,161, Randomized Acupuncture Group: 1,880, Randomized Control Group: 1,886, Non-randomized Acupuncture Group: 10,395 Intention-to-treat analysis:, Acupuncture Group: 1,753, Control Group: 1,698, Non-randomized Acupuncture Group: 10,395
has stimulation type: manual stimulation (specific frequency or technique not mentioned)
has studied condition: HP_0030833
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: chronic neck pain
has trial type: Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) plus Non-Randomized Cohort

Chronic spinal pain syndromes: A clinical pilot trial comparing acupuncture, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and spinal manipulation
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Acupuncture was performed using sterile HWATO Chinese disposable acupuncture guide tube needles (50 mm long, 0.25 mm gauge) with an average of 8 to 10 needles placed in local tender and distant points using the "near and far" technique. Low-voltage electrical stimulation was applied to the needles once tolerated by the patient. Six treatments were administered over a 3-to 4-week period.
Author: Lynton G F Giles, Reinhold Müller
has controls information: Not mentioned (the study compares three active interventions without a traditional control group)
has country information: Australia
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0161-4754(99)70082-5
has needling information: Not mentioned (the paper specifies needle length and gauge but not depth or angle of insertion)
has publication date: 1999
has sample size information: Total: 77 participants, Spinal manipulation: 36, Acupuncture: 20, Medication: 21
has stimulation type: Electrical stimulation applied at the patient's comfortable tolerance level; specific frequency not mentioned
has studied condition: chronic pain syndrome
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: chronic spinal pain syndromes
has trial type: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), Pilot Study

Acupuncture treatment of chronic low-back pain -a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial with 9-month follow-up
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Traditional and standardized acupuncture involving both body and ear acupuncture, with manual stimulation to elicit the 'de qi' sensation, using stainless steel needles at specific acupoints. Body needles were left in place for 30 minutes, and ear needles for one week.
Author: Eric Leibing, Urs Leonhardt, Georg Ko ¨ster, Anke Goerlitz, Joerg-Andre ´rosenfeldt, Reinhard Hilgers, Giuliano Ramadori
has controls information: The controls used in the study were: 1) a control group receiving active physiotherapy only (routine care), and 2) a sham-acupuncture group receiving minimal acupuncture as a placebo control.
has country information: Germany
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3959(01)00444-4
has needling information: Needle depth: 10-30 mm; Needle angle: Not mentioned
has publication date: 2002
has sample size information: Total: 131 participants; Control group: 46; Acupuncture group: 40; Sham-acupuncture group: 45
has stimulation type: Manual stimulation until 'de qi' sensation, lasting 5-20 seconds
has studied condition: HP_0003419
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: chronic low-back pain
has trial type: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

Immediate effects of dry needling and acupuncture at distant points in chronic neck pain: results of a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled crossover trial
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Needle acupuncture at distant points
Author: Dominik Irnich, Nicolas Behrens, Jochen M Gleditsch, Wolfram Sto ¨ra, Martin A Schreiber, Peter Scho ¨ps, Andrew J Vickers, Antje Beyer
has controls information: Sham laser acupuncture was used as the control in the study.
has country information: Germany
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00062-3
has needling information: Not mentioned (the paper does not provide specific details on needle depth or angle)
has publication date: 2002
has publication venue: Pain
has sample size information: Total initial sample size: 36 patients; Completed the trial: 34 patients
has stimulation type: Manual stimulation to provoke a local twitch response; no specific frequency mentioned
has studied condition: HP_0030833
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: chronic neck pain
has trial type: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) with a crossover design

A randomized comparative trial of acupuncture versus transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for chronic back pain in the elderly
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Manual acupuncture using 32 gauge, 1.5 inch needles, applied to points on the back, with sessions lasting 20 minutes each, twice weekly for four weeks.
Author: David Jonathan Grant, Jane Bishop-Miller, David Magnus Winchester, Margaret Anderson, Steven Faulkner
has controls information: The control used in the study was transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS).
has country information: United Kingdom
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00027-5
has needling information: Not mentioned (the paper provides needle size but does not specify needle depth or angle of insertion)
has publication date: 1999
has publication venue: Pain
has sample size information: Total: 60 participants; Acupuncture group: 32; TENS group: 28
has stimulation type: Manual acupuncture; specific frequency of needle manipulation not mentioned
has studied condition: HP_0003419
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: chronic back pain
has trial type: RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial)

Randomised clinical trial comparing the effects of acupuncture and a newly designed placebo needle in rotator cuff tendinitis
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Acupuncture with needle penetration into deeper tissue layers at acupuncture points
Author: Julia Kleinhenz, Konrad Streitberger, Ju Èrgen Windeler, Albert Gu Èûbacher, Georg Mavridis, Eike Martin
has controls information: The control used in the study was a specially designed placebo needle that did not penetrate the skin but simulated the sensation of acupuncture. This placebo needle was used to create a similar therapeutic setting without actual needling.
has country information: Germany
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00107-4
has needling information: Not mentioned (the paper does not specify the exact needle depth or angle used for acupuncture)
has publication date: 1999
has publication venue: Pain
has sample size information: Total: 52 participants; Acupuncture group: 25 participants; Control group: 27 participants
has stimulation type: No additional stimulation (needles retained for 20 minutes without further electrical or manual stimulation)
has studied condition: rotator cuff syndrome
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: rotator cuff tendinitis
has trial type: RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial)

Efficacy of acupuncture for the prophylaxis of migraine: a multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Body needle acupuncture without electrical stimulation or moxibustion, using sterile, single-use needles (0.25-0.30 mm thick, 25-40 mm long), with manual stimulation to achieve "De Qi". Sessions were 30 minutes each, over six weeks.
Author: Hans-Christoph C Diener, Kai Kronfeld, Gabriele Boewing, Margitta Lungenhausen, Christoph Maier, Albrecht Molsberger, Martin Tegenthoff, Hans-Joachim Trampisch, Michael Zenz, Rolf Meinert, Gerac Migraine, Study Group
has controls information: Sham acupuncture and standard therapy (beta blockers, flunarizine, or valproic acid) were used as controls in the study.
has country information: Germany
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(06)70382-9
has needling information: Verum acupuncture: 2-20 mm; Sham acupuncture: maximum 3 mm
has publication date: 2005
has sample size information: Total randomized: 960, Verum acupuncture: 313, Sham acupuncture: 339, Standard therapy: 308
has stimulation type: Manual stimulation to achieve "De Qi" for verum acupuncture; no stimulation for sham acupuncture.
has studied condition: MONDO_0005277
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: migraine
has trial type: Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT)

Acupuncture and Trager Psychophysical Integration in the Treatment of Wheelchair User's Shoulder Pain in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: The acupuncture modality involved treatments by licensed acupuncturists using sterile needles (.20 × 40mm) inserted into local, distal, and ashi points to a depth of 1 to 3 cm, with manual stimulation to achieve De Qi, lasting 20 to 30 minutes per session.
Author: Trevor A Dyson-Hudson, Samuel C Shiflett, Steven C Kirshblum, Jay E Bowen, Erica L Druin
has controls information: Subjects served as their own controls with a 5-week pretreatment baseline period and a 5-week posttreatment follow-up period where no treatment was given.
has country information: United States
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2001.24888
has needling information: Needle depth: 1 to 3 cm; Needle angle: Not mentioned
has publication date: 2001
has publication venue: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
has sample size information: Total participants: 18 (Acupuncture group: not specified, Trager group: not specified)
has stimulation type: Manual stimulation to acquire De Qi, repeated once during a 20-minute session
has studied condition: Shoulder pain
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: chronic shoulder pain in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI)
has trial type: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

Acupuncture in the management of pain in labor
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: The acupuncture modality involved inserting single-use, sterile, thin, solid, stainless steel needles into specific acupoints in the muscles until de chi was achieved. Needle depth varied based on acupoint location and subcutaneous fat thickness. Stimulation was done by rotating the needles, and most needles were taped in place until delivery or conversion to conventional analgesia. The number of needles used varied from two to twelve, with an average of seven.
Author: Else Skilnand, Ditlev Fossen, Eli Heiberg
has controls information: The control used in the study was "false acupuncture," also known as "minimal acupuncture," where needles were inserted at points not on classical meridians, mainly in areas used for vaccination and other injections.
has country information: Norway
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/j.1600-0412.2002.811008.x
has needling information: The depth of needle insertion for real acupuncture depended on the location of the acupoint and the thickness of the subcutaneous fat. For false acupuncture (minimal acupuncture), very shallow needling was used. The angle of insertion is not mentioned.
has publication date: 2002
has sample size information: Total: 210 participants; Real acupuncture group: 106; False acupuncture group: 104
has stimulation type: Manual stimulation by rotating the needles, dependent on the degree of needle sensation.
has studied condition: labor pain
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: pain in labor
has trial type: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

Pragmatic Randomized Trial Evaluating the Clinical and Economic Effectiveness of Acupuncture for Chronic Low Back Pain
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: needle acupuncture with disposable one-time needles and manual stimulation
Author: Claudia M Witt, Susanne Jena, Dagmar Selim, Benno Brinkhaus, Thomas Reinhold, Katja Wruck, Bodo Liecker, Klaus Linde, Karl Wegscheider, Stefan N Willich
has controls information: The control group consisted of patients who received delayed acupuncture treatment 3 months later.
has country information: Germany
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwj224
has needling information: Not mentioned (the paper does not provide specific details on needle depth or angle used for acupuncture)
has publication date: 2006
has publication venue: American Journal of Epidemiology
has sample size information: Total: 11,378, Randomized Acupuncture Group: 1,451, Randomized Control Group: 1,390, Nonrandomized Acupuncture Group: 8,537
has stimulation type: manual stimulation (specific frequency or technique not mentioned)
has studied condition: HP_0003419
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: chronic low back pain
has trial type: pragmatic trial

Auricular Acupuncture for Pain Relief after Ambulatory Knee Arthroscopy-A Pilot Study
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Auricular acupuncture using disposable permanent press steel needles at specific points (Lung, Shenmen, and Knee) on the ear, retained in situ until the following morning with patient-instructed stimulation through massage.
Author: Taras I Usichenko, Maria Hermsen, Torsten Witstruck, Andre Hofer, Dragan Pavlovic, Christian Lehmann, Frank Feyerherd
has controls information: The control in the study was a sham procedure involving needling at three non-acupuncture points on the auricular helix.
has country information: Not mentioned (the paper does not provide information on the country of publication)
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/neh097
has needling information: Not mentioned (the paper provides needle length but does not specify insertion depth or angle)
has publication date: 2005
has sample size information: Total: 18; AA group: 10; Control group: 8
has stimulation type: Manual stimulation by massaging the needles for 5 minutes at specific times during surgery and post-operatively when pain exceeded 40 mm on VAS-100.
has studied condition: ilx_0795497
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: Post-operative pain after ambulatory knee arthroscopy
has trial type: Pilot study

A prospective randomized study of electro-acupuncture versus alfentanil as anaesthesia during oocyte aspiration in in-vitro fertilization
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Electro-acupuncture (EA) with electrical stimulation at high frequency (100 Hz) for abdominal muscles and low burst frequency (2 Hz) for hand muscles, combined with manual stimulation every ten minutes.
Author: Elisabet Stener-Victorin, Urban Waldenstro, Lars Nilsson, Matts Wikland, Per Olof Janson
has controls information: The control group in the study is the group receiving alfentanil plus paracervical block (PCB).
has country information: Sweden
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/14.10.2480
has needling information: Needle depth: 15-35 mm
has publication date: 1999
has publication venue: Human Reproduction
has sample size information: Total: 149 participants; EA group: 75 participants; Alfentanil group: 74 participants
has stimulation type: Electrical stimulation: 100 Hz for abdominal muscles, 2 Hz for hands; Manual stimulation: every tenth minute.
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: Pain management during oocyte aspiration in in-vitro fertilization (IVF)
has trial type: RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial)

Pain relief during oocyte retrieval with a new short duration electro-acupuncture techniqueÐan alternative to conventional analgesic methods
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Electro-acupuncture (EA) with electrical stimulation at 20 Hz
Author: Peter Humaidan, Elisabet Stener-Victorin
has controls information: The control group in the study was the group receiving conventional medical analgesia (CMA) in combination with a paracervical block (PCB), which included pre-medication with benzodiazepine and intravenous alfentanil during OPU.
has country information: Denmark
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deh229
has needling information: Needle depth: 15-25 mm intramuscularly
has publication date: 2004
has sample size information: Total: 200 participants; EA group: 100 participants; CMA group: 100 participants
has stimulation type: Electrical stimulation at a frequency of 20 Hz
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: Pain during oocyte retrieval
has trial type: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

Auricular electro-acupuncture as an additional perioperative analgesic method during oocyte aspiration in IVF treatment
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Auricular electro-acupuncture (EA) with continuous low-frequency electrical stimulation using a battery-powered miniaturized stimulator (P-Stim) and titanium disposable needles
Author: Sabine M Sator-Katzenschlager, Monika M Wölfler, Sibylle A Kozek-Langenecker, Kathrin Sator, Paul-G Sator, Borwen Li, Georg Heinze, Michael O Sator
has controls information: The control group (CO) used adhesive tapes instead of needles and no electrical stimulation at the auricular acupuncture points.
has country information: Austria
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/del110
has needling information: Needle depth: 3 mm; Needle angle: Not mentioned
has publication date: 2006
has publication venue: Human Reproduction
has sample size information: Total: 93 participants; EA group: 32, A group: 32, CO group: 29
has stimulation type: Electrical stimulation at 1 Hz, biphasic, 2 mA
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: Pain during oocyte aspiration in IVF treatment
has trial type: RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial)

A randomized trial of acupuncture as an adjunctive therapy in osteoarthritis of the knee
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Electroacupuncture, biweekly for 8 weeks, using local and distal points based on TCM theory for Bi syndrome
Author: B M Berman, B B Singh, L Lao, P Langenberg1, H Li2, V Hadhazy, J Bareta, M Hochberg3
has controls information: The control group received standard care, which involved maintaining their current level of oral therapy without acupuncture for the first 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, they were offered acupuncture.
has country information: United States
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/38.4.346
has needling information: Not mentioned (the paper does not provide details on needle depth or angle)
has publication date: 1999
has publication venue: Rheumatology
has sample size information: Total: 73 participants; Acupuncture group: 36; Standard care group: 37
has stimulation type: Not mentioned (the paper does not specify the type or frequency of stimulation used in the acupuncture treatment)
has studied condition: MONDO_0005416
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: osteoarthritis of the knee
has trial type: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

Severe knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial of acupuncture, physiotherapy (supervised exercise) and standard management for patients awaiting knee replacement
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Standardized western acupuncture administered in a group setting with 1 inch, 0.25 gauge needles inserted for 20 minutes, once a week for 6 weeks.
Author: L Williamson, M R Wyatt, K Yein, J T K Melton
has controls information: The control group received an exercise and advice leaflet and were referred to as the 'home exercise group', performing exercises at home based on the leaflet provided.
has country information: United Kingdom
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kem119
has needling information: Not mentioned (the paper does not specify the needle depth or angle used for acupuncture)
has publication date: 2007
has publication venue: Rheumatology
has sample size information: Total: 181 participants, Acupuncture group: 60, Physiotherapy group: 60, Standard management group: 61
has stimulation type: Not mentioned (the paper does not specify the method or frequency of needle stimulation beyond insertion and achieving de chi)
has studied condition: MONDO_0005416
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: severe knee osteoarthritis
has trial type: RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial)

Acupuncture for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study With Long-Term Follow-Up
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture
Author: Christer P O Carlsson, Bengt H Sjölund
has controls information: The control used in the study was an active placebo treatment involving mock transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) with a disconnected stimulator and flashing lamps to simulate treatment.
has country information: Sweden
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-200112000-00003
has needling information: Needle depth: 2 to 3 cm
has publication date: 2001
has publication venue: The Clinical Journal of Pain
has sample size information: Total: 50 participants, Manual acupuncture group: 18 participants, Electroacupuncture group: 16 participants, Placebo group: 16 participants
has stimulation type: Manual acupuncture: Needles are stimulated three times during a 20-minute session to evoke 'de-qi' sensation. Electroacupuncture: Electrical stimulation frequency is approximately 2 Hz every 2.5 seconds, interrupted by a 15-Hz train for 2.5 seconds.
has studied condition: HP_0003419
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: chronic low back pain
has trial type: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

Chronic Spinal Pain A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Medication, Acupuncture, and Spinal Manipulation
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: The acupuncture modality involved using sterile HWATO Chinese disposable acupuncture guide tube needles (length, 50 mm; gauge, 0.25 mm) with 8 to 10 needles placed in local paraspinal intramuscular maximum pain areas and approximately 5 needles in distal acupuncture point meridians using the "near and far" technique. Needle agitation was performed by turning or flicking the needles at intervals during the session. Needles were inserted to a depth of 20 to 50 mm in pain areas and up to 5 mm in distal points.
Author: Lynton G F Giles, Reinhold Muller
has controls information: Each treatment group (medication, needle acupuncture, and spinal manipulation) acted as a control for the others.
has country information: Australia
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000077932.80560.02
has needling information: Needle depth: 20 to 50 mm in maximum pain area, up to 5 mm in distal points; Needle angle: Not mentioned
has publication date: 2003
has sample size information: Total: 115 participants, Medication group: 43, Acupuncture group: 36, Spinal manipulation group: 36
has stimulation type: Manual needle agitation by turning or flicking every 5 minutes during a 20-minute session
has studied condition: chronic pain syndrome
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: chronic spinal pain syndrome
has trial type: RCT

Acupuncture treatment during labour-a randomised controlled trial
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Manual acupuncture with disposable surgical steel needles, inserted bilaterally at 45 or 90 degrees, with manual stimulation until de qui was achieved. Needles were left in place for one to three hours and taped to allow mobility.
Author: Agneta Ramnero, Ulf Hanson, Mona Kihlgren, Ms A Ramnero
has controls information: The control group consisted of parturients who received conventional analgesia methods without acupuncture. They had access to all available analgesia methods at the delivery ward, except for acupuncture, which was only available to the experimental group.
has country information: Sweden
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2002.01212.x
has needling information: Needle angle: 45 degrees or 90 degrees; Needle depth: Not mentioned
has publication date: 2002
has sample size information: Total: 90 participants; Acupuncture group: 46 participants; Control group: 44 participants
has stimulation type: Manual stimulation until de qui is achieved
has studied condition: labor pain
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: Labour pain and relaxation during childbirth
has trial type: RCT

A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Acupuncture for Chronic Daily Headache
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) acupuncture with needle insertion based on TCM pattern diagnoses and targeting tender points, using up to 30 needles per session left in place for approximately 30 minutes.
Author: Remy R Coeytaux, Jay S Kaufman, Ted J Kaptchuk, Wunian Chen, William C Miller, Leigh F Callahan, J Douglas Mann, Drs Coey- Taux, Miller Callahan
has controls information: Medical management without acupuncture
has country information: United States
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.2005.00235.x
has needling information: Not mentioned (no information on needle depth or angle is included in the paper)
has publication date: 2005
has publication venue: Headache
has sample size information: Total: 74 participants; Intervention group (medical management plus acupuncture): 35; Control group (medical management only): 39
has stimulation type: Manual acupuncture with needles left in place for approximately 30 minutes; no specific frequency of manual stimulation (lifting, thrusting, or twirling) mentioned.
has studied condition: headache disorder
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: chronic daily headache (CDH)
has trial type: RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial)

Efficacy of Periosteal Stimulation Therapy for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis-Associated Chronic Knee Pain: An Initial Controlled Clinical Trial
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Periosteal stimulation therapy (PST, osteopuncture) with direct electrical stimulation at 100 Hz for 30 minutes using acupuncture needles over bony prominences.
Author: Debra K Weiner, Thomas E Rudy, Natalia Morone, Ronald Glick, C Kent Kwoh
has controls information: The control used in the study was a version of Periosteal Stimulation Therapy (PST) where needles were inserted but not electrically stimulated for 30 minutes, unlike in the PST group. Both groups had two additional needles stimulated for 1 minute to maintain treatment credibility.
has country information: United States
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01314.x
has needling information: Needles were inserted until they just touched bone; no specific angle mentioned.
has publication date: 2007
has sample size information: Total: 88 participants; PST group: 44, Control PST group: 44
has stimulation type: Electrical stimulation at 100 Hz for 30 minutes for the main needles, and 100 Hz for 1 minute for additional needles.
has studied condition: MONDO_0005416
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: advanced knee osteoarthritis
has trial type: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

Effect of intensive acupuncture on pain-related social and psychological variables for women with chronic neck and shoulder pain -an RCT with six month and three year follow up
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Combination of body acupuncture, body electrostimulation, and ear acupressure
Author: Dong He, Arne T Høstmark, Kaj Bo Veiersted, Jon Ingulf
has controls information: The control group (CG) received sham acupuncture treatment, where electrostimulation pads were attached without applying voltage, and acupuncture and acupressure were applied at non-acupuncture points.
has country information: Norway
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/aim.23.2.52
has needling information: Needle depth: 10-30mm; Needle angle: Not mentioned
has publication date: 2005
has sample size information: Total: 24 participants; Test group: 12 participants; Control group: 12 participants
has stimulation type: Electrical stimulation at 5Hz
has studied condition: HP_0030833
has studied condition: Shoulder pain
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: chronic neck and shoulder pain
has trial type: RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial)

Effects of trigger point acupuncture on chronic low back pain in elderly patients -a sham-controlled randomised trial
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Trigger point acupuncture using the 'sparrow pecking' technique with needle insertion to a depth of 10-40mm at myofascial trigger points.
Author: Kazunori Itoh, Licensed Acupuncturist, Yasukazu Katsumi, Satoko Hirota, Hiroshi Kitakoji
has controls information: Sham acupuncture (using needles with tips cut off to prevent skin penetration)
has country information: Japan
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/aim.24.1.5
has needling information: Needle depth: 10-40mm; Needle angle: Not mentioned
has publication date: 2006
has sample size information: Total initial sample size: 26 participants (Group A: 13, Group B: 13); Completed study: 19 participants
has stimulation type: Manual stimulation using the "sparrow pecking" technique to elicit a local muscle twitch response, followed by needle retention for 10 minutes.
has studied condition: HP_0003419
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: chronic low back pain
has trial type: RCT (randomized controlled trial)

Relief of low back pain immediately after acupuncture treatmenta randomised, placebo controlled trial
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Stainless steel needle insertion to a depth of 20mm at the most painful point, using the sparrow pecking method for 20 seconds.
Author: Motohiro Inoue, Hiroshi Kitakoji, Munenori Tawa, Licensed Acupuncturists, Naoto Ishizaki, Licensed Acupuncturist, Tadashi Yano, Yasukazu Katsumi, Orthopaedic Surgeon, Kenji Kawakita
has controls information: The control used in the study was a sham acupuncture procedure, where a guide tube without a needle was tapped on the skin at the most painful point to simulate acupuncture without actual needle insertion.
has country information: Japan
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/aim.24.3.103
has needling information: Needle depth: 20mm
has publication date: 2006
has sample size information: Total: 31 participants; Acupuncture group: 15; Sham acupuncture group: 16
has stimulation type: Manual stimulation using the sparrow pecking method (lifting and thrusting) for 20 seconds.
has studied condition: HP_0003419
has studied condition: spondyloarthropathy
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: low back pain associated with lumbar vertebral arthritis
has trial type: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

Effect of dry needling of gluteal muscles on straight leg raise: a randomised, placebo controlled, double blind trial
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Therapeutic needling with 0.30 mm diameter, 25 mm long sterile acupuncture needles that pierced the skin and were advanced into the trigger point.
Author: L Huguenin, Professor Brukner
has controls information: Placebo needle treatment, where a blunted needle was applied to the skin without piercing it, simulating the sensation of needling.
has country information: Australia
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2003.009431
has needling information: Needle depth is not explicitly mentioned; needles were advanced into trigger points with a dynamic technique, but no specific depth or angle is provided.
has publication date: 2005
has publication venue: British Journal of Sports Medicine
has sample size information: 59 participants in total
has stimulation type: Manual stimulation: repeated advancement of the needle into the muscle until pain resolves and no further twitches are seen, typically lasting about one minute per point.
has studied condition: Lower limb pain
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: Posterior thigh pain referred from gluteal trigger points
has trial type: RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial)

Effects of acupuncture and stabilising exercises as adjunct to standard treatment in pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain: randomised single blind controlled trial
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Acupuncture was administered using stainless steel needles inserted intramuscularly at 10 segmental and 7 extrasegmental points, with manual stimulation every 10 minutes during 30-minute sessions, twice a week for six weeks.
Author: Helen Elden, Lars Ladfors, Monika Fagevik Olsen, Hans-Christian Ostgaard, Henrik Hagberg, Monika Fagevik, Olsen Physiotherapist
has controls information: The control in the study is the group receiving standard treatment, which includes general information about the condition, advice on daily activities, a pelvic belt, and a home exercise program designed to increase strength in the abdominal and gluteal muscles.
has country information: Sweden
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38397.507014.e0
has needling information: Needle depth: 15-70 mm; Needle angle: Not mentioned
has publication date: 2005
has publication venue: British medical journal
has sample size information: Total: 386 participants, Standard treatment group: 130, Standard treatment plus acupuncture group: 125, Standard treatment plus stabilising exercises group: 131
has stimulation type: Manual stimulation every 10 minutes to evoke De Qi sensation
has studied condition: Pelvic pain
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy
has trial type: Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT)

Randomised controlled trial of a short course of traditional acupuncture compared with usual care for persistent non-specific low back pain
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Individualised traditional acupuncture using disposable needles, administered by qualified acupuncturists over up to 10 sessions in three months
Author: K J Thomas, H Macpherson, L Thorpe, J Brazier, M Fitter, M J Campbell, M Roman, J Walters, J Nicholl
has controls information: Usual care group receiving NHS treatment according to general practitioner's assessment, including physiotherapy, manipulation, drugs, and recommended back exercises.
has country information: United Kingdom
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38878.907361.7c
has needling information: Not mentioned (the paper refers to another source for details on acupuncture treatments, including needle depth and angle)
has publication date: 2006
has publication venue: British medical journal
has sample size information: Total: 241 participants; Acupuncture group: 160; Usual care group: 81
has stimulation type: Not mentioned (the paper does not specify the type or frequency of needle stimulation used in the acupuncture treatments)
has studied condition: HP_0003419
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: non-specific low back pain
has trial type: Pragmatic, open, randomised controlled trial

Acupuncture as an adjunct to exercise based physiotherapy for osteoarthritis of the knee: randomised controlled trial
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: True acupuncture and non-penetrating acupuncture (blunt tip needles creating an illusion of insertion)
Author: Nadine E Foster, Elaine Thomas, Panos Barlas, Fellow, Jonathan C Hill, Physiotherapy, Julie Young, Elizabeth Mason, Elaine M Hay, Community Rheumatology
has controls information: Advice and exercise group
has country information: United Kingdom
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39280.509803.be
has needling information: Needle depth: 5 mm to 25 mm; Needle angle: Not mentioned
has publication date: 2007
has publication venue: British medical journal
has sample size information: Total: 352, Advice and exercise: 116, Advice and exercise plus true acupuncture: 117, Advice and exercise plus non-penetrating acupuncture: 119
has stimulation type: Manual stimulation using rotation and thrust and withdraw techniques to achieve the de qi sensation. Frequency or specific timing of manipulations is not detailed.
has studied condition: MONDO_0005416
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: osteoarthritis of the knee
has trial type: randomised controlled trial (RCT)

Analgesic Effect of Auricular Acupuncture for Cancer Pain: A Randomized, Blinded, Controlled Trial
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Auricular acupuncture using needle insertion at electrodermal signal-detected points on the ear
Author: David Alimi, Carole Rubino, Evelyne Pichard-Le ´andri, Sabine Fermand-Brule, Marie-Laure Dubreuil-Lemaire, Catherine Hill
has controls information: Two control groups were used: 1) Auricular acupuncture at placebo points (no electrodermal signal), and 2) Auricular seeds fixed at placebo points (no electrodermal signal).
has country information: France
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2003.09.011
has needling information: Needle length: 3.4 mm; Maximum diameter: 0.7 mm; No specific depth or angle mentioned
has publication date: 2003
has sample size information: Total: 90 participants, Auricular acupuncture group: 29, Placebo auricular acupuncture group: 30, Placebo auricular seed group: 31
has stimulation type: Electrical stimulation with a 9-volt detection current; no specific frequency for manual or thermal stimulation mentioned
has studied condition: Neuropathic pain
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: neuropathic pain in cancer patients
has trial type: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

Perioperative Auricular Electroacupuncture Has No Effect on Pain and Analgesic Consumption After Third Molar Tooth Extraction
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Auricular electroacupuncture (AE) with electrical stimulation at an alternating frequency of 2/100 Hz using a P-Stim device, and auricular acupuncture (AA) without electrical stimulation.
Author: Peter S A Glass, Andrea Michalek-Sauberer, Harald Heinzl, Sabine M Sator-Katzenschlager, Gabriel Monov, Erich Knolle, Hans Georg Kress
has controls information: The control used in the study was the sham auricular electroacupuncture group (NN), which involved using metal plates instead of needles and no electrical stimulation. This served as a placebo control.
has country information: Austria
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1213/01.ane.0000253233.51490.dd
has needling information: Needle depth: 3 mm; Needle angle: Not mentioned
has publication date: 2007
has publication venue: Anesthesia and Analgesia
has sample size information: Total: 149; AE group: 76; AA group: 37; NN group: 36
has stimulation type: Electrical stimulation at an alternating frequency of 2/100 Hz, with constant current pulses every 3 seconds for 3 hours followed by a 3-hour pause.
has studied condition: dental pain
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: Pain after mandibular third molar tooth extraction
has trial type: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

Acupuncture for irritable bowel syndrome: A blinded placebo-controlled trial
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Traditional Chinese acupuncture with needling techniques, without moxibustion
Author: Alastair Forbes, Sue Jackson, Clare Walter, Shafi Quraishi, Meron Jacyna, Max Pitcher, Elsevier
has controls information: Sham acupuncture
has country information: Not mentioned (the paper does not specify the country of publication)
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v11.i26.4040
has needling information: Needle depth is not explicitly mentioned, but needle lengths used were 25 mm and 40 mm. Needle angle is not mentioned.
has publication date: 2005
has publication venue: World Journal of Gastroenterology
has sample size information: Total sample size: 59 participants. Group allocation: 28 patients with acupuncturist A as DA and 31 with acupuncturist B as DA.
has stimulation type: Manual stimulation; specific frequency or method not mentioned
has studied condition: irritable bowel syndrome
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
has trial type: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

Auricular Acupuncture in the Treatment of Acute Pain Syndromes: A Pilot Study
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Auricular acupuncture using sterile Aiguille Semi-Permanent (ASP) needles at the cingulate gyrus and thalamic nuclei points on the ear.
Author: Christine M H Goertz, Richard Niemtzow, Stephen M Burns, Matthew J Fritts, Cindy C Crawford, Wayne B Jonas
has controls information: The control group received standard emergency medical care with an adhesive bandage placed on the ear lobes to mimic the acupuncture procedure without actually receiving it.
has country information: United States
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.7205/milmed.171.10.1010
has needling information: Not mentioned (the paper does not provide specific details on needle depth or angle for acupuncture)
has publication date: 2006
has publication venue: Military Medicine
has sample size information: Total: 100 participants initially, with 50 in each group; 87 completed the study.
has stimulation type: Manual insertion with no active stimulation frequency mentioned; needles remain in place for 4 to 6 days.
has studied condition: HP_0012531
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: acute pain syndromes
has trial type: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), Pilot Study

A Randomized Clinical Trial of Acupuncture Compared with Sham Acupuncture in Fibromyalgia
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Traditional Chinese Medicine-based acupuncture with needle insertion retained at standard depths for 30 minutes using disposable needles of 34 to 40 gauge
Author: Nassim P Assefi, Karen J Sherman, Clemma Jacobsen, Jack Goldberg, Wayne R Smith, Dedra Buchwald
has controls information: The study used three sham acupuncture treatments as controls: 1) acupuncture for an unrelated condition, 2) needle insertion at nonacupoint locations, and 3) noninsertive simulated acupuncture.
has country information: United States
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-143-1-200507050-00005
has needling information: Not mentioned (the paper does not specify the exact needle depth or angle used for acupuncture)
has publication date: 2005
has publication venue: Annals of Internal Medicine
has sample size information: Total: 100 participants; Directed acupuncture: 25, Sham acupuncture groups: 25 each (3 groups)
has stimulation type: Not mentioned (the paper does not specify any manual, electrical, or thermal stimulation techniques or frequencies used in the acupuncture treatments)
has studied condition: fibromyalgia
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: Fibromyalgia
has trial type: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

realized in
type: ObjectProperty
editor preferred term: realized in
example of usage: this disease is realized in this disease course
example of usage: this fragility is realized in this shattering
example of usage: this investigator role is realized in this investigation
IAO_0000118: is realized by
IAO_0000118: realized_in
IAO_0000600: [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
comment: Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
domain: realizable entity
range: process
inverse of: realizes

realizes
type: ObjectProperty
editor preferred term: realizes
example of usage: this disease course realizes this disease
example of usage: this investigation realizes this investigator role
example of usage: this shattering realizes this fragility
IAO_0000600: to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
comment: Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
domain: process
range: realizable entity

contains process
type: ObjectProperty
editor preferred term: site of
definition: [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
comment: Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant

cell
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

blood vessel endothelial cell
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

visual pigment cell
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

muscle cell
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

olfactory receptor cell
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

photoreceptor cell
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

connective tissue cell
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

inflammatory response
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

sensory perception of pain
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

neuron projection
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

keratin filament
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

Abnormality of the nervous system
type: Class
definition: An abnormality of the nervous system.
imported from: hp.owl
has_alternative_id: HP:0001333
has_alternative_id: HP:0006987
has_broad_synonym: Brain and/or spinal cord issue
database_cross_reference: SNOMEDCT_US:88425004
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0497552
has_exact_synonym: Abnormality of the nervous system
has_exact_synonym: Neurologic abnormalities
has_exact_synonym: Neurological abnormality
id: HP:0000707
comment: The nervous system comprises the neuraxis (brain, spinal cord, and ventricles), the autonomic nervous system, the enteric nervous system, and the peripheral nervous system.
subclass of: Phenotypic abnormality

Abnormality of the skeletal system
type: Class
definition: An abnormality of the skeletal system.
imported from: hp.owl
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C4021790
has_exact_synonym: Abnormality of the skeletal system
has_exact_synonym: Skeletal abnormalities
has_exact_synonym: Skeletal anomalies
id: HP:0000924
subclass of: Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system

Abnormality of the vertebral column
type: Class
definition: Any abnormality of the vertebral column.
imported from: hp.owl
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C4020882
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C4021789
has_exact_synonym: Abnormal spine
has_exact_synonym: Abnormal vertebral column
has_exact_synonym: Abnormality of the spine
has_exact_synonym: Abnormality of the vertebral column
has_related_synonym: Abnormality of the backbone
id: HP:0000925
in_subset: hposlim core
subclass of: Abnormal axial skeleton morphology

Abnormal joint morphology
type: Class
definition: An abnormal structure or form of the joints, i.e., one or more of the articulations where two bones join.
imported from: hp.owl
database_cross_reference: SNOMEDCT_US:399269003
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0022408
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0240083
has_exact_synonym: Abnormal shape of joints
has_exact_synonym: Abnormality of the joints
has_exact_synonym: Anomaly of the joints
has_related_synonym: Joint disease
id: HP:0001367
subclass of: Abnormal skeletal morphology

Vomiting
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

Arthralgia
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

Myopathy
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

Back pain
type: Class
definition: An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the back.
imported from: hp.owl
database_cross_reference: SNOMEDCT_US:161891005
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0004604
has_exact_synonym: Back pain
id: HP:0003418
subclass of: Abnormality of the vertebral column
subclass of: HP_0012531

Abnormal axial skeleton morphology
type: Class
definition: An abnormality of the axial skeleton, which comprises the skull, the vertebral column, the ribs and the sternum.
imported from: hp.owl
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0736-9199
creation date: 2008-04-05T11:16:00Z
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C4020785
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C4024586
has_related_synonym: Abnormality of the axial skeleton
id: HP:0009121
subclass of: Abnormal skeletal morphology

Limb pain
type: Class
definition: Chronic pain in the limbs with no clear focal etiology.
imported from: hp.owl
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0736-9199
creation date: 2009-02-01T03:55:10Z
database_cross_reference: SNOMEDCT_US:90834002
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0030196
has_exact_synonym: Limb pain
has_related_synonym: Pain in extremities
id: HP:0009763
subclass of: Abnormal musculoskeletal physiology
subclass of: HP_0012531

Abnormal musculoskeletal physiology
type: Class
definition: An abnormality of the function of the skeletal system.
imported from: hp.owl
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0736-9199
creation date: 2012-05-07T08:09:43Z
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C4023164
has_exact_synonym: Abnormality of musculoskeletal physiology
id: HP:0011843
subclass of: Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system

Abnormal nervous system physiology
type: Class
definition: A functional anomaly of the nervous system.
imported from: hp.owl
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0736-9199
creation date: 2014-01-19T08:02:46Z
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C4022811
has_exact_synonym: Abnormality of nervous system physiology
id: HP:0012638
subclass of: Abnormality of the nervous system

Constitutional symptom
type: Class
definition: A symptom or manifestation indicating a systemic or general effect of a disease and that may affect the general well-being or status of an individual.
imported from: hp.owl
date: 2016-11-29T11:02:54+00:00
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0736-9199
comment: Note that we use the preferred term label constitutional symptom because this reflects common usage, but we do not restrict the term or its descendents to the narrow meaning of symptom, i.e., a complaint related by a patient to a physician. There is no generally accepted classification of what defines a constitutional symptom, but examples include weight loss, fatigue, general weakness, night sweats, shaking, chills, fever, and vomiting.
subclass of: Phenotypic abnormality

Knee pain
type: Class
definition: An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the knee.
imported from: hp.owl
has_broad_synonym: Pain under knee cap
database_cross_reference: SNOMEDCT_US:30989003
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0231749
has_exact_synonym: Knee pain
subclass of: Lower limb pain

Temporomandibular arthritis
type: Class
imported from: hp.owl
has_exact_synonym: Arthritis of temporomandibular joint
subclass of: Arthritis

Pain in head and neck region
type: Class
imported from: hp.owl
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5316-1399
subclass of: HP_0012531

Neuropathic pain
type: Class
definition: Neuropathic pain is triggered by lesions to the somatosensory nervous system that alter its structure and function so that pain occurs spontaneously and responses to noxious and innocuous stimuli are pathologically amplified.
term tracker item: https://github.com/obophenotype/human-phenotype-ontology/issues/10141
imported from: hp.owl
contributor: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6714-5727
comment: Neuropathic pain can be characterized by pain that is triggered when clothes touch the skin, spontaneous burning that feels like boiling water, bursts of pins and needles(paresthesias) in the feet upon walking , a continuous crushing pain after an amputation as if your phantom foot is being squeezed, or a band of searing pain around the body at the level at whichsensation was lost after a spinal cord injury.
subclass of: HP_0012531

Pain at the anterior aspect of the knee
type: Class
definition: An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the front part of the knee, that is, the side of the knee where the patella is located.
term tracker item: https://github.com/obophenotype/human-phenotype-ontology/issues/10822
imported from: hp.owl
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0736-9199
subclass of: Knee pain

information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: entity
subclass of: BFO_0000031

report
type: Class
subclass of: document

metadata complete
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete.

organizational term
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release

metadata incomplete
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors.

uncurated
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term.

is about
type: ObjectProperty

to be replaced with external ontology term
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology.
definition source: group:OBI

hypersensitivity reaction disease
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

epicondylitis
type: Class
definition: Inflammation of the lateral epicondyle.
imported from: mondo.owl
conforms to: inflammatory disease by site.yaml
conforms to: specific infectious disease by location.yaml
conforms to: specific inflammatory disease by site.yaml
database_cross_reference: DOID:14087
database_cross_reference: EFO:1001887
database_cross_reference: ICD10CM:M77.1
database_cross_reference: ICD9:726.32
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:4090
database_cross_reference: MESH:D013716
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C34589
database_cross_reference: SCTID:202855006
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0014488
has_exact_synonym: andrel epicondylitis
has_exact_synonym: archer's elbow
has_exact_synonym: ectepicondyle of humerus inflammation
has_exact_synonym: golfer's elbow
has_exact_synonym: hockey elbow
has_exact_synonym: inflammation of ectepicondyle of humerus
has_exact_synonym: lateral epicondylitis
has_exact_synonym: medial epicondylitis
has_related_synonym: shooter's elbow
has_related_synonym: tennis elbow
id: MONDO:0001875
in_subset: otar
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0004027
  some values from: UBERON_0006807
subclass of: bone inflammation disease
subclass of: inflammatory disease
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: MONDO_0000001
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0004027
    some values from: UBERON_0006807

central nervous system disorder
type: Class
definition: A disease involving the central nervous system.
imported from: mondo.owl
conforms to: location.yaml
conforms to: location top.yaml
database_cross_reference: DOID:331
database_cross_reference: EFO:0009386
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:892343
database_cross_reference: MESH:D002493
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C2934
database_cross_reference: SCTID:23853001
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C4021765
has_exact_synonym: CNS disorder
has_exact_synonym: central nervous disease
has_exact_synonym: central nervous system disease
has_exact_synonym: central nervous system disease or disorder
has_exact_synonym: central nervous system disorder
has_exact_synonym: disease of central nervous system
has_exact_synonym: disease of the central nervous system
has_exact_synonym: disease or disorder of central nervous system
has_exact_synonym: disorder of central nervous system
id: MONDO:0002602
in_subset: otar
in_subset: rare grouping
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0004026
  some values from: central nervous system
subclass of: MONDO_0005071
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: MONDO_0000001
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0004026
    some values from: central nervous system

digestive system disorder
type: Class
definition: A disease or disorder that involves the digestive system.
imported from: mondo.owl
conforms to: location.yaml
database_cross_reference: DOID:77
database_cross_reference: ICD10CM:K00-K95
database_cross_reference: ICD9:520-579.99
database_cross_reference: ICD9:V47.3
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:892790
database_cross_reference: MESH:D005767
database_cross_reference: NANDO:1100013
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C2990
database_cross_reference: SCTID:53619000
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C4023588
has_exact_synonym: alimentary system disease
has_exact_synonym: digestive disease
has_exact_synonym: digestive system disease
has_exact_synonym: digestive system disease or disorder
has_exact_synonym: digestive system disorder
has_exact_synonym: disease of digestive system
has_exact_synonym: disease or disorder of digestive system
has_exact_synonym: disorder of digestive system
has_exact_synonym: gastroenterological system disease
has_exact_synonym: gastroenterological system disorder
has_exact_synonym: gastroenteropathy
has_exact_synonym: gastrointestinal disease
has_exact_synonym: gastrointestinal disorder
has_exact_synonym: gastrointestinal system disease
has_exact_synonym: gastrointestinal system disorder
has_exact_synonym: git disease
has_exact_synonym: stomach or intestinal disorder
id: MONDO:0004335
in_subset: harrisons view
in_subset: rare grouping
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0004026
  some values from: alimentary part of gastrointestinal system
subclass of: MONDO_0700096
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: MONDO_0700096
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0004026
    some values from: alimentary part of gastrointestinal system

cardiovascular disorder
type: Class
definition: A disease involving the cardiovascular system.
imported from: mondo.owl
conforms to: location.yaml
database_cross_reference: DOID:1287
database_cross_reference: EFO:0000319
database_cross_reference: ICD9:390-459.99
database_cross_reference: ICD9:420-429.99
database_cross_reference: ICD9:423
database_cross_reference: ICD9:423.8
database_cross_reference: ICD9:424
database_cross_reference: ICD9:429
database_cross_reference: ICD9:429.2
database_cross_reference: ICD9:429.7
database_cross_reference: ICD9:429.8
database_cross_reference: ICD9:429.81
database_cross_reference: ICD9:429.89
database_cross_reference: ICD9:459.89
database_cross_reference: ICD9:459.9
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:2848
database_cross_reference: MESH:D002318
database_cross_reference: NANDO:1100005
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C2931
database_cross_reference: SCTID:49601007
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0007222
has_exact_synonym: cardiovascular disease
has_exact_synonym: cardiovascular disease (CVD)
has_exact_synonym: cardiovascular disorder
has_exact_synonym: cardiovascular system disease
has_exact_synonym: cardiovascular system disease or disorder
has_exact_synonym: disease of cardiovascular system
has_exact_synonym: disease of subdivision of hemolymphoid system
has_exact_synonym: disease or disorder of cardiovascular system
has_exact_synonym: disorder of cardiovascular system
has_related_synonym: circulatory system disease
id: MONDO:0004995
in_subset: harrisons view
in_subset: otar
in_subset: rare grouping
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0004026
  some values from: cardiovascular system
subclass of: MONDO_0700096
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: MONDO_0700096
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0004026
    some values from: cardiovascular system

intestinal disorder
type: Class
definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the small or large intestine.
imported from: mondo.owl
conforms to: location.yaml
conforms to: location top.yaml
database_cross_reference: DOID:5295
database_cross_reference: EFO:0009431
database_cross_reference: ICD9:520-579.99
database_cross_reference: ICD9:560-569.99
database_cross_reference: ICD9:564
database_cross_reference: ICD9:564.4
database_cross_reference: ICD9:569
database_cross_reference: ICD9:569.4
database_cross_reference: ICD9:569.49
database_cross_reference: ICD9:569.89
database_cross_reference: ICD9:569.9
database_cross_reference: ICD9:570-579.99
database_cross_reference: ICD9:575
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:7130
database_cross_reference: MESH:D007410
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C26801
database_cross_reference: SCTID:85919009
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0021831
has_exact_synonym: disease of intestine
has_exact_synonym: disease or disorder of intestine
has_exact_synonym: disorder of intestine
has_exact_synonym: intestinal disease
has_exact_synonym: intestinal disorder
has_exact_synonym: intestine disease
has_exact_synonym: intestine disease or disorder
has_related_synonym: disease, intestinal
has_related_synonym: diseases, intestinal
id: MONDO:0005020
in_subset: otar
in_subset: rare grouping
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0004026
  some values from: intestine
subclass of: digestive system disorder
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: MONDO_0000001
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0004026
    some values from: intestine

spondyloarthropathy
type: Class
definition: A group of inflammatory rheumatic diseases associated with arthritis and enthesitis, and often involving the axial skeleton. The most common form of spondyloarthritis is ankylosing spondylitis. Other forms include axial spondyloarthritis, peripheral spondyloarthritis, reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis/spondylitis and enteropathic arthritis/spondylitis.
imported from: mondo.owl
database_cross_reference: DOID:1123
database_cross_reference: EFO:0000706
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:181888
database_cross_reference: MESH:D055009
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C116778
database_cross_reference: SCTID:372109003
database_cross_reference: SCTID:8847002
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0949691
has_exact_synonym: seronegative spondyloarthropathy
has_exact_synonym: spondarthropathy
has_exact_synonym: spondylarthrosis
has_exact_synonym: spondyloarthritis
has_related_synonym: spondylarthropathy
id: MONDO:0005095
in_subset: otar
subclass of: immune system disorder
subclass of: arthropathy

myopathy
type: Class
definition: A disease of the muscle in which the muscle fibers do not function properly. This results in muscular weakness.
imported from: mondo.owl
database_cross_reference: DOID:423
database_cross_reference: EFO:0004145
database_cross_reference: ICD9:359.8
database_cross_reference: ICD9:359.9
database_cross_reference: ICD9:728.3
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:10135
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C101216
database_cross_reference: SCTID:129565002
database_cross_reference: SCTID:75047002
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0026848
database_cross_reference: icd11.foundation:1870184184
id: MONDO:0005336
in_subset: gard rare
in_subset: otar
in_subset: rare
comment: Editor note: TODO check this, relationship to myotonic disorder/syndrome, also check HP definition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: disease has basis in dysfunction of
  some values from: contractile muscle fiber
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0004029
  some values from: Myopathy
subclass of: skeletal muscle disorder
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: muscle tissue disorder
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: disease has basis in dysfunction of
    some values from: contractile muscle fiber

bone disorder
type: Class
definition: Diseases of bones.
imported from: mondo.owl
excluded subClassOf: connective tissue disorder
conforms to: location.yaml
conforms to: location top.yaml
database_cross_reference: DOID:0080001
database_cross_reference: EFO:0004260
database_cross_reference: ICD10CM:M80-M85
database_cross_reference: ICD9:731.8
database_cross_reference: ICD9:733.99
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:14182
database_cross_reference: MESH:D001847
database_cross_reference: NANDO:2100291
database_cross_reference: NANDO:2100293
database_cross_reference: SCTID:76069003
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0005940
has_exact_synonym: bone element disease
has_exact_synonym: bone element disease or disorder
has_exact_synonym: disease of bone element
has_exact_synonym: disease or disorder of bone element
has_exact_synonym: disorder of bone element
has_related_synonym: rare bone disease related to a common gene or pathway defect
has_related_synonym: skeletal disease
id: MONDO:0005381
in_subset: disease grouping
in_subset: otar
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0004026
  some values from: bone tissue
subclass of: skeletal system disorder
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: MONDO_0000001
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0004026
    some values from: bone tissue

vascular disorder
type: Class
definition: A general term used to describe any disease affecting blood vessels]. It includes vascular abnormalities caused by degenerative, metabolic and inflammatory conditions, embolic diseases, coagulative disorders, and functional disorders such as posteri or reversible encephalopathy syndrome.
term tracker item: https://github.com/monarch-initiative/mondo/issues/3602
imported from: mondo.owl
conforms to: location.yaml
conforms to: location top.yaml
database_cross_reference: DOID:178
database_cross_reference: EFO:0004264
database_cross_reference: ICD10CM:I00-I99
database_cross_reference: ICD10CM:I70-I79
database_cross_reference: ICD9:442.9
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:22621
database_cross_reference: MESH:D014652
database_cross_reference: NANDO:2100294
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C35117
database_cross_reference: SCTID:27550009
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0042373
has_exact_synonym: disease of vasculature
has_exact_synonym: disease or disorder of vasculature
has_exact_synonym: disorder of vasculature
has_exact_synonym: vascular disorder
has_exact_synonym: vascular tissue disease
has_exact_synonym: vasculature disease
has_exact_synonym: vasculature disease or disorder
has_related_synonym: vasculopathy
id: MONDO:0005385
in_subset: otar
in_subset: rare grouping
comment: The etiology of vasculopathy is generally unknown and the condition is frequently not pathologically proven. Vasculitis, on the other hand, is a more specific term and is defined as inflammation of the wall of a blood vessel. However, the term vasculopathy is also used for “vasculitis” that has not been pathologically established.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0004026
  some values from: UBERON_0002049
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0004026
  some values from: vascular system
subclass of: cardiovascular disorder
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: MONDO_0000001
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0004026
    some values from: UBERON_0002049

temporomandibular joint disorder
type: Class
definition: Any condition affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint.
imported from: mondo.owl
database_cross_reference: EFO:0005279
database_cross_reference: ICD9:524.60
database_cross_reference: ICD9:524.69
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:21092
database_cross_reference: MESH:D013705
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C63709
database_cross_reference: SCTID:41888000
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0039494
has_exact_synonym: TMD
id: MONDO:0005473
in_subset: otar
subclass of: arthropathy

patellofemoral pain syndrome
type: Class
definition: A syndrome characterized by retropatellar or peripatellar pain resulting from physical and biochemical changes in the patellofemoral joint. The pain is most prominent when ascending or descending stairs, squatting, or sitting with flexed knees. There is a lack of consensus on the etiology and treatment. The syndrome is often confused with (or accompanied by) chondromalacia patellae, the latter describing a pathological condition of the cartilage and not a syndrome.
imported from: mondo.owl
database_cross_reference: DOID:14284
database_cross_reference: EFO:1001092
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:164080
database_cross_reference: MESH:D046788
database_cross_reference: MedDRA:10049143
database_cross_reference: SCTID:430725003
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0877149
id: MONDO:0006894
in_subset: otar
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0004026
  some values from: patellofemoral joint
subclass of: arthropathy

rotator cuff syndrome
type: Class
definition: Tear of one or more of the tendons of the four rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder. A rotator cuff 'injury' can include any type of irritation or overuse of those muscles or tendons, and is among the most common conditions affecting the shoulder.
imported from: mondo.owl
database_cross_reference: EFO:1001250
database_cross_reference: ICD10CM:M75.1
database_cross_reference: ICD10WHO:M75.1
database_cross_reference: ICD9:726.10
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:538186
database_cross_reference: SCTID:4106009
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0263912
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Rotator_cuff_tear
database_cross_reference: icd11.foundation:1471943310
has_related_synonym: rotator cuff tear
id: MONDO:0007028
in_subset: otar
subclass of: skeletal muscle disorder

hypnic headache
type: Class
definition: Conditions in which the primary symptom is headache and the headache cannot be attributed to any known causes.
imported from: mondo.owl
OBO foundry unique label: hypnic headache (disease)
database_cross_reference: GARD:10796
database_cross_reference: HP:0012459
database_cross_reference: ICD9:339.81
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:156012
database_cross_reference: MESH:D051270
database_cross_reference: Orphanet:276429
database_cross_reference: SCTID:122711000119109
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0752150
database_cross_reference: icd11.foundation:468065426
has_exact_synonym: hypnic headache
has_exact_synonym: hypnic headache (disease)
id: MONDO:0017181
in_subset: gard rare
in_subset: nord rare
in_subset: ordo disorder
in_subset: orphanet rare
in_subset: rare
subclass of: headache disorder

neuromuscular disease
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

myositis disease
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

neurovascular disorder
type: Class
definition: A disorder of the nervous system related to a vascular etiology.
imported from: mondo.owl
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:857738
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C117007
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C3898144
has_exact_synonym: disease of nervous system vasculature
has_exact_synonym: nervous system disorder of vasculature
has_exact_synonym: neurovascular disorder
has_exact_synonym: vasculature nervous system disorder
id: MONDO:0043218
in_subset: otar
subclass of: MONDO_0005071
subclass of: vascular disorder
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: MONDO_0005071
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0004026
    some values from: UBERON_0002049

migraine without aura
type: Class
definition: A migraine disorder characterized by episodes that occur in the absence of preceding focal neurological symptoms.
term tracker item: https://github.com/monarch-initiative/mondo/issues/3984
imported from: mondo.owl
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432
database_cross_reference: DOID:12783
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:137899
database_cross_reference: MESH:D020326
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C117004
database_cross_reference: SCTID:56097005
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0338480
database_cross_reference: icd11.foundation:2048783472
has_exact_synonym: common migraine
id: MONDO:0100431
in_subset: gard rare
in_subset: otar
in_subset: rare
subclass of: MONDO_0005277

idiopathic disease
type: Class
definition: A disease or disorder for which the cause is of uncertain or unknown.
term tracker item: https://github.com/monarch-initiative/mondo/issues/3169
imported from: mondo.owl
conforms to: idiopathic.yaml
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4142-7153
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:548250
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0277553
has_exact_synonym: idiopathic disorder
id: MONDO:0700007
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000053
  some values from: idiopathic
subclass of: MONDO_0700096
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: MONDO_0700096
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0000053
    some values from: idiopathic

Teleostei
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

Eumetazoa
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

Acipenser
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

Hominidae
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

Canis
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

shape
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

has participant
type: ObjectProperty
editor preferred term: has participant
example of usage: this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
example of usage: this investigation has participant this investigator
example of usage: this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
definition: a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
editor note: Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.
IAO_0000118: has_participant
source: http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant
domain: BFO_0000003
range: BFO_0000002

concretizes
type: ObjectProperty
example of usage: A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
example of usage: An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
definition: A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.
domain: BFO_0000020
range: BFO_0000031

role of
type: ObjectProperty
example of usage: this investigator role is a role of this person
definition: a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
IAO_0000118: is role of
IAO_0000118: role_of
comment: This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.
sub property of: RO_0000052
inverse of: has role

has disposition
type: ObjectProperty
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
domain: BFO_0000004
range: BFO_0000016
sub property of: RO_0000053
inverse of: disposition of

disposition of
type: ObjectProperty
comment: This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.
sub property of: RO_0000052

derives into
type: ObjectProperty
example of usage: this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division)
example of usage: this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division)
has curation status: IAO_0000125
definition: a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
editor note: This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'.
IAO_0000118: derives_into

member of
type: ObjectProperty
example of usage: An organism that is a member of a population of organisms
definition: is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection.
IAO_0000118: is member of
IAO_0000118: member part of
definition source: SIO
RO_0001900: RO_0001901
sub property of: BFO_0000050
inverse of: has member

disease causes disruption of
type: ObjectProperty
label: disease disrupts

naris
type: Class
definition: Orifice of the olfactory system. The naris is the route by which odorants enter the olfactory system[MAH].
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: One of paired external openings of the nasal chamber.[AAO]
homology_notes: Naris refer to the external and interior naris (choana) of tetrapods, and to anterior and posterior naris of zebrafish. It seems now accepted that the structure is homologous: The choana, a unique 'internal nostril' opening from the nasal sac into the roof of the mouth, is a key part of the tetrapod (land vertebrate) respiratory system. It was the first component of the tetrapod body plan to evolve, well before the origin of limbs, and is therefore crucial to our understanding of the beginning of the fish-tetrapod transition. (...) Here we present new material of Kenichthys, a 395-million-year-old fossil fish from China, that provides direct evidence for the origin of the choana and establishes its homology: it is indeed a displaced posterior external nostril that, during a brief transitional stage illustrated by Kenichthys, separated the maxilla from the premaxilla.[well established][VHOG]
taxon_notes: in actinopterygians, both pairs of nares are external. In tetrapods, the exhalant empties into the buccal cavity
external_ontology_notes: we have classified this as an orifice, according to FMA. Note that in FMA, orifices are immaterial entities, but in ZFA this is a surface structure
database_cross_reference: AAO:0000311
database_cross_reference: EHDAA2:0001225
database_cross_reference: EHDAA:9083
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:17847
database_cross_reference: MA:0000282
database_cross_reference: SCTID:272650008
database_cross_reference: VHOG:0000663
database_cross_reference: galen:Naris
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000003
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: uberon slim
in_subset: vertebrate core
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: olfactory system
subclass of: orifice

submucosa
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

peripheral nervous system
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

non-material anatomical boundary
type: Class
definition: A non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions. Anatomical boundaries are contiguous structures.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon_33090
present in taxon: NCBITaxon_33208
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 4751
database_cross_reference: AEO:0000192
database_cross_reference: CARO:0000010
database_cross_reference: FMA:50705
has_exact_synonym: anatomical boundary
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000015
in_subset: common anatomy
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: upper level
comment: Except in the case of abstracted fiat boundaries such as the midline plane of an organism, all 2D anatomical entities have a 3 dimensional projection. For example, the surface of the shell of a muscle has a distinct shape that projects into the third dimension. Note that boundaries are 2D structures. They have no thickness - and so can not be sites of gene expression or gene product localisation. For this, use boundary region terms.
subclass of: UBERON_0000466

tube
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

simple eye
type: Class
definition: An eye with one concave chamber. Note that 'simple' does not imply a reduced level of complexity or acuity.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: TGMA:0000729
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Eye#Simple_eyes
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000047
in_subset: grouping class
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: eye

vessel
type: Class
definition: A tubular structure that contains, conveys body fluid, such as blood or lymph.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000055
in_subset: grouping class
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: UBERON_0004111

large intestine
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: UBERON_0004921
subclass of: UBERON_0013765

neuron projection bundle
type: Class
definition: A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_alternative_id: UBERON:0005163
database_cross_reference: CARO:0001001
database_cross_reference: FBbt:00005099
database_cross_reference: NLX:147821
has_exact_synonym: funiculus
has_exact_synonym: nerve fiber bundle
has_exact_synonym: neural fiber bundle
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000122
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: nervous system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000051
  some values from: neuron projection
subclass of: multi cell part structure

respiration organ
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: UBERON_0000062

breast
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

mandibular ramus
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

multi-tissue structure
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: UBERON_0010000

epithelium
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

stomach
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: UBERON_0004921
subclass of: food storage organ

lens of camera-type eye
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

retina
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

trochanter
type: Class
definition: A bony prominence near the extremity of the femur that normally serves as attachment points for hip and thigh muscles[MP,modified].
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: Process on the ventral surface of the shaft of the femur.[AAO]
taxon_notes: there are two in human (greater and lesser trochanters) and three in many other mammalian species (greater, lesser and third)
database_cross_reference: AAO:0000897
database_cross_reference: FMA:82513
database_cross_reference: MA:0002821
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C33814
database_cross_reference: SCTID:182047004
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0162370
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Trochanter
has_exact_synonym: femoral trochanter
has_exact_synonym: trochanter of femur
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000980
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0000981
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0005055

mammalian vulva
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

adipose tissue
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

sensory system
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

vertebral bone 1
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

bony pelvis
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pubis
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

muscle of pelvis
type: Class
definition: Muscle (organ) which is a part of the pelvis. Examples: levator ani,.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37481
database_cross_reference: FMA:19086
database_cross_reference: MA:0000534
has_exact_synonym: muscle organ of pelvis
has_exact_synonym: pelvic muscle
has_exact_synonym: pelvis muscle
has_exact_synonym: pelvis muscle organ
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001325
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002355
subclass of: abdominal segment muscle
subclass of: pelvic region element
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002355

rectus femoris
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0001377
subclass of: unclassified imported term

skeleton of pes
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

hip
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pes joint
type: Class
definition: A skeletal joint that is part of a pes [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: TODO check FMA - use the set class for now
imported from: uberon.owl
fma_set_term: FMA_71349
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:32949
database_cross_reference: FMA:35194
database_cross_reference: GAID:256
database_cross_reference: MA:0000464
database_cross_reference: MESH:D033023
database_cross_reference: SCTID:244555001
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Joints_of_foot
has_exact_synonym: articulationes pedis
has_exact_synonym: foot joint
has_exact_synonym: hind limb autopod joint
has_exact_synonym: joint of pes
has_exact_synonym: joint of terminal segment of free lower limb
has_exact_synonym: joints of foot
has_exact_synonym: pedal joint
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001487
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: hindlimb joint
subclass of: autopod joint
subclass of: UBERON_0011139
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0000982
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002387

ankle joint
type: Class
definition: A joint that connects the hindlimb autopod and zeugopod skeletons.
imported from: uberon.owl
taxon_notes: todo - accurately represent different types of ankle joint
database_cross_reference: BTO:0004706
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:35126
database_cross_reference: FMA:35195
database_cross_reference: GAID:257
database_cross_reference: MA:0000463
database_cross_reference: MESH:D000843
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C32078
database_cross_reference: SCTID:182212002
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0003087
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Ankle
database_cross_reference: galen:AnkleJoint
has_narrow_synonym: gambrel
has_narrow_synonym: hock
has_narrow_synonym: hock joint
has_narrow_synonym: talotibial joint
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: mortise joint
has_related_synonym: talocrural articulation
has_related_synonym: talocrural joint
id: UBERON:0001488
in_subset: efo slim
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002103
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002131
  some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: hindlimb joint
subclass of: UBERON_0011139

manus joint
type: Class
definition: A skeletal joint that is part of a manus (hand) [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: TODO check FMA - use the set class for now
imported from: uberon.owl
fma_set_term: FMA_71345
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:32641
database_cross_reference: MA:0000452
database_cross_reference: SCTID:244546004
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Joints_of_hand
has_exact_synonym: articulationes manus
has_exact_synonym: hand joint
has_exact_synonym: joint of hand
has_exact_synonym: joint of manus
has_exact_synonym: joint of terminal segment of free upper limb
has_exact_synonym: manual joint
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001489
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002398
subclass of: forelimb joint
subclass of: autopod joint
subclass of: UBERON_0011139
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0000982
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002398

common carotid artery plus branches
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

temporal artery
type: Class
editor note: This class currently groups a variety of different structures
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37127
database_cross_reference: FMA:50438
database_cross_reference: GAID:489
database_cross_reference: MA:0002061
database_cross_reference: MESH:D013699
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C33741
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0039482
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Temporal_artery
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001632
in_subset: grouping class
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: UBERON_0001637
subclass of: head blood vessel

temporal bone
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

external ear
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

jaw skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

iris
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

skeletal muscle of trunk
type: Class
definition: A skeletal muscle organ that is part of the trunk region.
editor note: Note that this class excludes smooth muscle elements in the trunk region, such as the internal anal sphincter. This appears to be consistent with other ontologies such as FMA and ZFA which appear to only include skeletal muscles here. In fact the MA class 'trunk muscle' is classified as a 'set of skeletal muscles'.
imported from: uberon.owl
external_ontology_notes: Many ontologies do not appear to have a coherent distinction between an individual muscle and the musculature (i.e. the set of muscles in a region), so we group all together here.
database_cross_reference: AAO:0000611
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:35888
database_cross_reference: FMA:58274
database_cross_reference: MA:0000514
database_cross_reference: TAO:0000473
database_cross_reference: XAO:0003230
database_cross_reference: ZFA:0000473
has_exact_synonym: body musculature
has_exact_synonym: muscle of trunk
has_exact_synonym: muscle organ of torso
has_exact_synonym: muscle organ of trunk
has_exact_synonym: torso muscle organ
has_exact_synonym: trunk muscle
has_exact_synonym: trunk muscle organ
has_exact_synonym: trunk musculature
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001774
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: uberon slim
in_subset: vertebrate core
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002100
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: musculature of trunk
subclass of: UBERON_0005177
subclass of: UBERON_0014892
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002100

brachial nerve plexus
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

mammary gland
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

lung
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: respiration organ
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: thoracic cavity element
subclass of: UBERON_0015212

dermis
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

postcranial axial skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

skin of body
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

visual system
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

vestibulo-auditory system
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

spleen
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: hemopoietic organ
subclass of: immune organ
subclass of: abdominal viscera

liver
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: exocrine gland
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: abdomen element
subclass of: digestive system gland

small intestine
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: UBERON_0004921
subclass of: UBERON_0013765

gallbladder
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0013765
subclass of: abdominal viscera
subclass of: bladder organ

kidney
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: cavitated compound organ
subclass of: abdomen element
subclass of: UBERON_0015212

fibrous joint
type: Class
definition: Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, gomphosis.[FMA].
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: A joint where fibrous tissue such as ligament connects two calcified tissues.[TAO]
database_cross_reference: AEO:0000178
database_cross_reference: EHDAA2:0003178
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:35344
database_cross_reference: FMA:7492
database_cross_reference: MA:0000321
database_cross_reference: SCTID:37772004
database_cross_reference: TAO:0005156
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Fibrous_joint
database_cross_reference: ZFA:0005156
has_exact_synonym: articulatio fibrosa
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: junctura fibrosa
id: UBERON:0002209
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: uberon slim
in_subset: vertebrate core
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000051
  some values from: connective tissue cell
subclass of: nonsynovial joint

cartilaginous joint
type: Class
definition: Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by cartilage. Examples: Spheno-occipital synchondrosis, first sternocostal joint, pubic symphysis.[FMA].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:36581
database_cross_reference: FMA:7496
database_cross_reference: MA:0000320
database_cross_reference: SCTID:58442004
database_cross_reference: TAO:0005155
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Cartilaginous_joint
database_cross_reference: ZFA:0005155
has_exact_synonym: articulatio cartilaginea
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: junctura cartilaginea
id: UBERON:0002213
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: uberon slim
in_subset: vertebrate core
subclass of: nonsynovial joint

chondrocranium
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

olfactory organ
type: Class
definition: An organ that houses olfactory neurons and is responsible for the sense of smell. Examples include the vertebrate nose and the Drosophila dorsal organ.
editor note: An olfactory organ overlaps with the olfactory system, because some parts of the nose (e.g. nasal skeleton) are parts of the skeletal system, which is spatially disjoint
imported from: uberon.owl
external_ontology_notes: fma general anatomical term. xao has no subtypes (but Johnstons organ develops from this). An olfactory organ overlaps with the olfactory system, because some parts of the nose (e.g. nasal skeleton) are parts of the skeletal system, which is spatially disjoint
database_cross_reference: AAO:0010180
database_cross_reference: BTO:0001772
database_cross_reference: FBbt:00005158
database_cross_reference: FMA:77659
database_cross_reference: VHOG:0000287
database_cross_reference: XAO:0000273
has_exact_synonym: olfactory organ
has_exact_synonym: olfactory sense organ
has_exact_synonym: olfactory sensory organ
has_narrow_synonym: main olfactory organ
has_narrow_synonym: primary olfactory organ
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: olfactory neuroepithelium
has_related_synonym: organ olfactus
has_related_synonym: organum olfactorium
id: UBERON:0002268
in_subset: functional classification
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000051
  some values from: olfactory receptor cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002131
  some values from: olfactory system
subclass of: sense organ

exocrine gland
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: gland

endocrine gland
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: gland

cranial muscle
type: Class
definition: Any skeletal muscle that is part of the head region.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
has_alternative_id: UBERON:0003899
database_cross_reference: AAO:0000107
database_cross_reference: BTO:0000021
database_cross_reference: EFO:0003524
database_cross_reference: EHDAA2:0000322
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:18172
database_cross_reference: FMA:9616
database_cross_reference: MA:0000578
database_cross_reference: SCTID:244718003
database_cross_reference: ZFA:0001652
has_exact_synonym: cephalic muscle
has_exact_synonym: cephalic musculature
has_exact_synonym: head muscle
has_exact_synonym: head muscle organ
has_exact_synonym: muscle of head
has_exact_synonym: muscle organ of adult head
has_exact_synonym: muscle organ of head
has_exact_synonym: musculus caput
has_narrow_synonym: adult head muscle organ
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: cranial muscle
has_related_synonym: head muscles
id: UBERON:0002376
in_subset: efo slim
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: uberon slim
in_subset: vertebrate core
comment: defined generically so could in theory encompass FBbt:00003260 'skeletal muscle of head', or the muscle of a starfish Aristotle's lantern, but we restrict this to craniates. Skeletal muscles of the head originate from the non-segmented head mesoderm (Noden, 1983; Wachtler et al., 1984)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: skeletal musculature of head
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002371
  some values from: UBERON_0003129
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: craniocervical muscle
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0002371
    some values from: UBERON_0003129

muscle of neck
type: Class
definition: Any muscle that is part of the cervical (neck) region.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
database_cross_reference: FMA:9617
database_cross_reference: GAID:149
database_cross_reference: MA:0000587
database_cross_reference: MESH:D009334
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C33163
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0027532
has_exact_synonym: muscle organ of neck
has_exact_synonym: muscle organ of neck (volume)
has_exact_synonym: neck (volume) muscle organ
has_exact_synonym: neck muscle
has_exact_synonym: neck muscle organ
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0002377
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0000974
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: musculature of neck
subclass of: craniocervical muscle
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000974

maxilla
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pericardium
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: multi-tissue structure

cartilage tissue
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

deltopectoral crest
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

intramembranous bone
type: Class
definition: Bone tissue forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP].
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: Bone that forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues.[TAO]
external_comment: [In TAO], This term was made obsolete because it is considered a synonym of membrane bone (VSAO:0000023).[TAO]
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:36615
database_cross_reference: TAO:0001644
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification
database_cross_reference: ZFA:0001635
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: intramembranous bones
has_related_synonym: membrane bone
id: UBERON:0002514
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: UBERON_0001474

myotome
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

cartilage of respiratory system
type: Class
definition: A cartilage element that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:18694
database_cross_reference: MA:0001818
has_exact_synonym: apparatus respiratorius cartilage
has_exact_synonym: cartilage of apparatus respiratorius
has_exact_synonym: respiratory system cartilage
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0003406
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: respiratory system
subclass of: UBERON_0007844
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0007844
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: respiratory system

arm nerve
type: Class
definition: A nerve that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37336
database_cross_reference: MA:0000595
has_exact_synonym: brachial region nerve
has_exact_synonym: nerve of arm
has_exact_synonym: nerve of brachial region
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0003433
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001460
subclass of: forelimb nerve
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001021
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001460

limb nerve
type: Class
definition: A nerve that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37291
database_cross_reference: MA:0000693
database_cross_reference: SCTID:359923002
has_exact_synonym: nerve of limb
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0003440
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002101
subclass of: UBERON_0001021
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001021
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002101

forelimb nerve
type: Class
definition: A nerve that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37334
database_cross_reference: MA:0000616
has_exact_synonym: fore limb nerve
has_exact_synonym: nerve of fore limb
has_exact_synonym: nerve of forelimb
has_exact_synonym: nerve of superior member
has_exact_synonym: nerve of upper extremity
has_narrow_synonym: wing nerve
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0003441
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002102
subclass of: limb nerve
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001021
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002102

neck bone
type: Class
definition: A bone that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37246
database_cross_reference: MA:0000584
has_exact_synonym: bone of neck
has_exact_synonym: bone of neck (volume)
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of neck
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of neck (volume)
has_exact_synonym: neck (volume) bone
has_exact_synonym: neck (volume) bone organ
has_exact_synonym: neck bone organ
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0003458
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0000974
subclass of: UBERON_0001474
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001474
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000974

head blood vessel
type: Class
definition: A blood vessel that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:36610
database_cross_reference: MA:0000575
database_cross_reference: SCTID:127865000
has_exact_synonym: adult head blood vessel
has_exact_synonym: blood vessel of adult head
has_exact_synonym: blood vessel of head
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0003496
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: cranial blood vasculature
subclass of: UBERON_0001981
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001981
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033

arterial blood vessel
type: Class
definition: A blood vessel that is part of the arterial system. Includes artery, arteriole and aorta.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:35144
database_cross_reference: MA:0000061
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0003509
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
comment: only in MA - supertype of artery, arteriole, aorta.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: arterial system
subclass of: UBERON_0001981
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001981
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: arterial system

limb blood vessel
type: Class
definition: A blood vessel that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:36598
database_cross_reference: MA:0000687
has_exact_synonym: blood vessel of limb
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0003514
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002101
subclass of: appendage blood vessel
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001981
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002101

hindlimb blood vessel
type: Class
definition: A blood vessel that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37298
database_cross_reference: MA:0000659
has_exact_synonym: blood vessel of hind limb
has_exact_synonym: blood vessel of hindlimb
has_exact_synonym: blood vessel of lower extremity
has_exact_synonym: hind limb blood vessel
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0003516
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002103
subclass of: limb blood vessel
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001981
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002103

wrist connective tissue
type: Class
definition: A portion of connective tissue that is part of a wrist [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37320
database_cross_reference: MA:0000636
has_exact_synonym: carpal region connective tissue
has_exact_synonym: connective tissue of carpal region
has_exact_synonym: connective tissue of wrist
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0003575
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0004452
subclass of: manus connective tissue
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002384
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004452

forelimb connective tissue
type: Class
definition: A portion of connective tissue that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37314
database_cross_reference: MA:0000613
has_exact_synonym: connective tissue of anteriormost limb
has_exact_synonym: connective tissue of fore limb
has_exact_synonym: connective tissue of forelimb
has_exact_synonym: connective tissue of superior member
has_exact_synonym: connective tissue of upper extremity
has_narrow_synonym: wing connective tissue
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0003588
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002102
subclass of: limb connective tissue
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002384
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002102

manus connective tissue
type: Class
definition: A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hand [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:35392
database_cross_reference: MA:0000620
has_exact_synonym: connective tissue of hand
has_exact_synonym: connective tissue of terminal segment of free upper limb
has_exact_synonym: hand connective tissue
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0003598
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002398
subclass of: forelimb connective tissue
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002384
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002398

forelimb muscle
type: Class
definition: Any muscle organ that is part of a forelimb.
imported from: uberon.owl
external_ontology_notes: FMA and MA class actually refer to muscles of entire pectoral complex
has_alternative_id: UBERON:0005634
database_cross_reference: AAO:0000204
database_cross_reference: BTO:0000479
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:36049
database_cross_reference: FMA:37348
has_exact_synonym: fore limb muscle organ
has_exact_synonym: forelimb muscle organ
has_exact_synonym: free upper limb muscle
has_exact_synonym: muscle of free upper limb
has_exact_synonym: muscle of upper limb
has_exact_synonym: upper limb skeletal muscle
has_narrow_synonym: wing muscle
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: arm muscle system
has_related_synonym: musculature of arm
has_related_synonym: musculature of the arm
id: UBERON:0003662
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002102
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: musculature of upper limb
subclass of: limb muscle
subclass of: pectoral appendage muscle
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002102

masticatory muscle
type: Class
definition: In humans: Muscles arising in the zygomatic arch that close the jaw. Their nerve supply is masseteric from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. (From Stedman, 25th ed).
curator note: we use this specifically for a jaw muscle that is innervates by the mandibular nerve.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
development_notes: originate from the somitomeres. These muscles develop late and are not complete even at birth. Tongue muscles develop before masticatory muscles and complete by birth
database_cross_reference: FMA:74060
database_cross_reference: GAID:145
database_cross_reference: MA:0003115
database_cross_reference: MESH:D008410
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C33147
database_cross_reference: SCTID:244769003
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0024890
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Muscles_of_mastication
has_exact_synonym: muscle of mastication
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: jaw muscle
has_related_synonym: musculi masticatorii
id: UBERON:0003681
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: jaw muscle
subclass of: trigeminal nerve muscle

upper leg bone
type: Class
definition: A bone that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:35893
database_cross_reference: MA:0000682
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: femur
id: UBERON:0003826
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
comment: May be merged into femur. See https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3586533&group_id=76834&atid=1205376
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0000376
subclass of: leg bone
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001474
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000376

thoracic segment bone
type: Class
definition: A bone that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37247
database_cross_reference: MA:0000559
database_cross_reference: SCTID:426649006
has_exact_synonym: bone of thorax
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of thorax
has_exact_synonym: thorax bone
has_exact_synonym: thorax bone organ
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: upper body bone
id: UBERON:0003827
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0000915
subclass of: trunk bone
subclass of: UBERON_0005181
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001474
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000915

abdominal segment muscle
type: Class
definition: A muscle organ that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37060
database_cross_reference: MA:0000527
has_exact_synonym: abdominal segment of trunk muscle organ
has_exact_synonym: muscle organ of abdominal segment of trunk
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0003833
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002417
subclass of: skeletal muscle of trunk
subclass of: UBERON_0005173
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002417

forelimb joint
type: Class
definition: A limb joint that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
fma_set_term: FMA_71344
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:19204
database_cross_reference: MA:0000614
has_exact_synonym: anteriormost limb joint of limb
has_exact_synonym: anteriormost limb limb joint
has_exact_synonym: fore limb joint of limb
has_exact_synonym: fore limb limb joint
has_exact_synonym: forelimb joint of limb
has_exact_synonym: forelimb limb joint
has_exact_synonym: joint of free upper limb
has_exact_synonym: joint of limb of anteriormost limb
has_exact_synonym: joint of limb of fore limb
has_exact_synonym: joint of limb of forelimb
has_exact_synonym: joint of limb of superior member
has_exact_synonym: joint of limb of upper extremity
has_exact_synonym: limb joint of anteriormost limb
has_exact_synonym: limb joint of fore limb
has_exact_synonym: limb joint of forelimb
has_exact_synonym: limb joint of superior member
has_exact_synonym: limb joint of upper extremity
has_exact_synonym: superior member joint of limb
has_exact_synonym: superior member limb joint
has_exact_synonym: upper extremity joint of limb
has_exact_synonym: upper extremity limb joint
has_narrow_synonym: wing joint
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0003839
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002102
subclass of: UBERON_0003657
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0000982
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002102

cranial cartilage
type: Class
definition: A cartilage element that is part of the cranial skeleton.
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: Cartilage which is part of the cranium.[TAO]
database_cross_reference: TAO:0001458
database_cross_reference: ZFA:0001458
has_exact_synonym: cartilage of cranium
has_exact_synonym: cranium cartilage
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: cranial cartilages
id: UBERON:0003933
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: cranial skeletal system
subclass of: UBERON_0007844
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0007844
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: cranial skeletal system

external male genitalia
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

alveolar ridge
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

hemopoietic organ
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: UBERON_0000062
subclass of: UBERON_0004120

upper arm bone
type: Class
definition: A bone that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
implements_design_pattern: https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Skeleton-partonomy-Design-Pattern
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:35892
database_cross_reference: MA:0000604
has_narrow_synonym: humerus
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0004250
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
comment: May be merged into humerus. See: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3586533&group_id=76834&atid=1205376
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0003822
subclass of: arm bone
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001474
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003822

forelimb stylopod muscle
type: Class
definition: Any muscle organ that is part of a forelimb stylopod (upper arm)[Automatically generated definition].
editor note: the FMA class 'muscle of arm' belongs here, do not move
imported from: uberon.owl
terminology_notes: See notes on UBERON:0001460 for possible terminological confusion over term 'arm'
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:19107
database_cross_reference: FMA:37370
database_cross_reference: MA:0000606
database_cross_reference: SCTID:244979005
has_exact_synonym: muscle of upper arm
has_exact_synonym: upper arm muscle
has_narrow_synonym: wing stylopod muscle
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: muscle of arm
has_related_synonym: skeletal muscle of upper arm
id: UBERON:0004255
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0003822
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: musculature of forelimb stylopod
subclass of: muscle of arm
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003822

lower leg connective tissue
type: Class
definition: A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37327
database_cross_reference: MA:0000677
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0004270
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: leg connective tissue
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002384
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823

skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

bone of free limb or fin
type: Class
definition: A bone that is part of an appendage [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
has_exact_synonym: appendage bone
has_exact_synonym: bone of appendage
has_exact_synonym: bone of free segment of appendicular skeleton
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0004375
in_subset: homology grouping
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0004708
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: paired limb/fin skeleton
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0010740
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001474
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004708

distal epiphysis of ulna
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

distal epiphysis of fibula
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

proximal epiphysis of humerus
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

proximal epiphysis of femur
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

skeletal musculature of head
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

musculature of hindlimb stylopod
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

musculature of neck
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

musculature of leg
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

musculature of pelvic girdle
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

musculature of arm
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

musculature of shoulder
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

musculature of trunk
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

musculature of limb
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

musculature of upper limb
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

musculature of lower limb
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

musculature of forelimb zeugopod
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

blood vasculature
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

systemic artery
type: Class
definition: An artery of the systemic circulation, which is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37126
database_cross_reference: FMA:66464
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Artery#Systemic_arteries
has_exact_synonym: systemic arterial subtree
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0004573
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: systemic arterial system
subclass of: UBERON_0001637
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001637
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: systemic arterial system

mammalian cervical vertebra 6
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

dentary
type: Class
definition: The dentary is a dermal bone that forms the antero-lateral part of the lower jaw in fishes and amphibians, extending to the whole lower jaw in mammals[VHOG,modified].
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: Dermal bone that is usually the anteriormost bone of the lower jaw, and that articulates with the angular, or anguloarticular bone, posteriorly, and carries part of the mandibular sensory canal and pore openings of the mandibular sensory canal on its lateral surface. The dentary is a paired bone.[TAO]
external_definition: Ossified element of intramembranous origin that invests the lateral margin of Meckel's cartilage thereby forming the lateral side of the mandible in anurans and salamanders (Duellman & Trueb, 1994:293). In caecilians, the dentary is part of a compound bone termed the pseudodentary.[AAO]
external_definition: The dentary is a dermal bone that forms the antero-lateral part of the lower jaw in fishes and amphibians. In mammals the lower jaw consists entirely of the dentary bone. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Grande_L, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF, ZFA:0000191_and_Liem_KF, p.248][VHOG]
axiom_lost_from_external_ontology: relationship loss: overlaps dentary-anguloarticular joint (TAO:0001749)[TAO]
homology_notes: Of all these bones [dentary, splenials, coronoids, angular, surangular and prearticular], only the dentary remains in the lower jaw of a mammal.[well established][VHOG]
taxon_notes: In lobe-finned fishes and the early fossil tetrapods, the bone homologous to the mandible of mammals is merely the largest of several bones in the lower jaw. In such animals, it is referred to as the dentary bone, and forms the body of the outer surface of the jaw. It is bordered below by a number of splenial bones, while the angle of the jaw is formed by a lower angular bone and a suprangular bone just above it. The inner surface of the jaw is lined by a prearticular bone, while the articular bone forms the articulation with the skull proper. Finally a set of three narrow coronoid bones lie above the prearticular bone. As the name implies, the majority of the teeth are attached to the dentary, but there are commonly also teeth on the coronoid bones, and sometimes on the prearticular as well. This complex primitive pattern has, however, been simplified to various degrees in the great majority of vertebrates, as bones have either fused or vanished entirely. In teleosts, only the dentary, articular, and angular bones remain, while in living amphibians, the dentary is accompanied only by the prearticular, and, in salamanders, one of the coronoids. The lower jaw of reptiles has only a single coronoid and splenial, but retains all the other primitive bones except the prearticular.
database_cross_reference: AAO:0000124
database_cross_reference: EFO:0003508
database_cross_reference: TAO:0000191
database_cross_reference: VHOG:0001022
database_cross_reference: ZFA:0000191
has_exact_synonym: dentaries
has_exact_synonym: dentary bone
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: dentale
has_related_synonym: os dentale
has_related_synonym: sur-angulaire
id: UBERON:0004742
in_subset: efo slim
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: dermatocranium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: skeleton of lower jaw
subclass of: bone of lower jaw
subclass of: dermal bone
subclass of: UBERON_0015212

scapulocoracoid
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

skeletal tissue
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

dermal skeletal element
type: Class
definition: Dermis-derived entity that is made of skeletal tissue.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_exact_synonym: dermal element
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0004756
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000051
  some values from: skeletal tissue
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0004765

cranial bone
type: Class
definition: A bone that is part of a cranium.
curator note: here cranium = skull - mandible
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
database_cross_reference: SCTID:181792001
has_exact_synonym: cranium bone
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0004766
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: cranium
subclass of: UBERON_0001474
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001474
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: cranium

bone of lower jaw
type: Class
definition: Any bone that is part of the lower jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the dentary/mandible, the articular, the splenial, the suprangular.
editor note: Do not manually classify under here - bones are automatically classified
imported from: uberon.owl
has_exact_synonym: lower jaw bone
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0004768
in_subset: grouping class
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: lower jaw region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: skeleton of lower jaw
subclass of: bone of jaw
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001474
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: lower jaw region

articulation
type: Class
definition: Anatomical structure that connects two or more adjacent skeletal elements or hardened body parts.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: FBbt:00005811
has_narrow_synonym: joint
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0004905
in_subset: grouping class
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: articular system
subclass of: multi organ part structure

organ component layer
type: Class
definition: A part of a wall of an organ that forms a layer.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: FMA:82485
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0004923
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: upper level
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: anatomical wall
subclass of: UBERON_0000064

immune organ
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: UBERON_0000062

muscle structure
type: Class
definition: Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO].
curator note: in some organisms such as drosophila, muscles can be single cells. This class groups together all discrete muscle elements, from multicellular muscle organs in vertebrates, to individual single-cell muscles in drisophila
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: FMA:30316
has_exact_synonym: musculus
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: muscle
has_related_synonym: muscle element
id: UBERON:0005090
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000051
  some values from: muscle cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002162
  some values from: Eumetazoa
subclass of: UBERON_0000061

multi cell part structure
type: Class
definition: A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part.
imported from: uberon.owl
external_ontology_notes: we go with the FMA classification rather than the CARO one. FMA def: 'Anatomical cluster which has as direct parts cell parts from two or more cells.'
database_cross_reference: AAO:0011000
database_cross_reference: CARO:0001000
database_cross_reference: FBbt:00007060
database_cross_reference: FMA:83115
has_exact_synonym: multi-cell-component structure
has_exact_synonym: multi-cell-part structure
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: cell part cluster
id: UBERON:0005162
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: upper level
subclass of: UBERON_0000061

thoracic cavity element
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: viscus
subclass of: UBERON_0005181

dorsal skin of finger
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

dorsal skin of toe
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

carotid artery segment
type: Class
definition: One of: the common carotid artery, or its branches, the external and internal carotid arteries.
editor note: This is a generic grouping class that is the superclass of the trunks/branches of the common carotid artery. Note that AOs vary widely in how they divide up and generalize arteries
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: Artery originating at the junction of the first two aortic arches and supplying the anterior brain. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
database_cross_reference: AAO:0010217
database_cross_reference: BTO:0000168
database_cross_reference: CALOHA:TS-0116
database_cross_reference: EFO:0000818
database_cross_reference: EHDAA:6385
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:18609
database_cross_reference: EV:0100379
database_cross_reference: FMA:70504
database_cross_reference: GAID:478
database_cross_reference: MA:0001925
database_cross_reference: MAT:0000501
database_cross_reference: MESH:D002339
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C12687
database_cross_reference: SCTID:362040006
database_cross_reference: SCTID:69105007
database_cross_reference: TAO:0000097
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0007272
database_cross_reference: VHOG:0000266
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Carotid_artery
database_cross_reference: ZFA:0000097
database_cross_reference: galen:CarotidArtery
has_exact_synonym: carotid
has_exact_synonym: carotid artery
has_exact_synonym: subdivision of common carotid artery
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: common carotid arterial subdivision
id: UBERON:0005396
in_subset: efo slim
in_subset: grouping class
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
in_subset: vertebrate core
subclass of: systemic artery

segment of pes
type: Class
definition: A segment of autopod that is part of a pes.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_broad_synonym: foot region
database_cross_reference: FMA:24993
database_cross_reference: SCTID:362887000
has_exact_synonym: foot subdivision
has_exact_synonym: regio pedis
has_exact_synonym: segment of foot
has_exact_synonym: subdivision of foot
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0005445
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: UBERON_0008784
subclass of: UBERON_0012139
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0012139
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002387

segment of manus
type: Class
definition: A segment of autopod that is part of a manus.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_broad_synonym: hand region
database_cross_reference: FMA:24945
database_cross_reference: SCTID:127950000
has_exact_synonym: hand subdivision
has_exact_synonym: regio manus
has_exact_synonym: segment of hand
has_exact_synonym: subdivision of hand
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0005451
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002398
subclass of: UBERON_0008785
subclass of: UBERON_0012139
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0012139
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002398

occipital region
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

integumentary adnexa
type: Class
definition: Anatomical structure embedded in or located in the integument that is part of the integumental system. Examples: hair, follicles, skin glands, claws, nails, feathers.
editor note: add subclasses based on resolution of CARO tracker item. Also check: adnexal gland. Note that MP implicitly includes hypodermis.
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: the tissue or structures associated with or embedded in the skin such as hair and hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and claws or nails[MP:0010678]
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37883
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Skin_appendage
has_narrow_synonym: body hair or bristle
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: adnexae cutis
has_related_synonym: skin adnexa
has_related_synonym: skin adnexal structure
has_related_synonym: skin appendage
id: UBERON:0006003
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: integumental system
subclass of: UBERON_0000064

multi-limb segment region
type: Class
definition: A collection of two or more connected limb segments. Examples: arm (comprising stylopod and zeugopod regions).
imported from: uberon.owl
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0006058
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: non informative
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000051
  some values from: UBERON_0002529
subclass of: UBERON_0010758

musculature of hindlimb zeugopod
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

caudal region
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

caudal region of vertebral column
type: Class
definition: Subdivision of vertebral column that corresponds to the caudal subdivision of the body, containing the caudal vertebrae.
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: Region of the vertebral column posterior to the caudal-sacral region, that may consists of two or three to more than 100 vertebrae. These vertebrae exhibit a gradual reduction in the sizes of their transverse processes and zygapophyses, but these structures are never entirely absent. All caudal vertebrae bear haemal arches.[AAO]
external_ontology_notes: in AAO, this is posterior to the caudal-sacral region
database_cross_reference: AAO:0000082
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:18043
database_cross_reference: MA:0003158
has_exact_synonym: axial skeleton tail region
has_exact_synonym: caudal skeleton
has_exact_synonym: caudal vertebrae series
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: caudal region
has_related_synonym: postsacral region
has_related_synonym: tail region
id: UBERON:0006076
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: postcranial axial skeleton
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: caudal region
subclass of: subdivision of vertebral column

subdivision of vertebral column
type: Class
definition: A collection of all skeletal elements in some subdivision of the vertebral column.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: FMA:16201
has_exact_synonym: subdivision of vertebral skeleton
has_exact_synonym: vertebrae series
has_exact_synonym: vertebral column subdivision
has_exact_synonym: vertebral series
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: vertebral region
has_related_synonym: vertebral subdivision
id: UBERON:0006077
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: non informative
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: vertebral column
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001137
subclass of: subdivision of skeletal system

carpus cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0015049
subclass of: unclassified imported term

carpus pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0015049
subclass of: unclassified imported term

femur pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: femur endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

humerus cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: humerus endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

humerus pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: humerus endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

radius cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: radius endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

rib cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: rib endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

rib pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: rib endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

scapula cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: scapula endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

scapula pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: scapula endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

ulna cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: ulna endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

glenoid fossa
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

frenulum of tongue
type: Class
subclass of: oral frenulum
subclass of: unclassified imported term

autopodial skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

areolar connective tissue
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

proximal epiphysis of ulna
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

digestive system gland
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: endocrine gland
subclass of: UBERON_0013765

anatomical surface
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

primary circulatory organ
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: circulatory organ

squamous part of occipital bone
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pectoral appendage musculature
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pelvic appendage musculature
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

appendage blood vessel
type: Class
definition: A blood vessel that is part of a limb/fin.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: TAO:0005299
database_cross_reference: ZFA:0005299
has_narrow_synonym: fin blood vessel
has_narrow_synonym: limb blood vessel
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0007301
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0000026
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: appendage vasculature
subclass of: UBERON_0001981
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001981
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000026

appendage vasculature
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

epithelial tube open at both ends
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

vascular system
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

girdle bone/zone
type: Class
definition: A bone that is part of a appendage girdle region.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:35379
database_cross_reference: MA:0000291
has_exact_synonym: girdle bone
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0007828
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0007823
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: girdle skeleton
subclass of: UBERON_0010740
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001474
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007823

membrane bone
type: Class
definition: Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification.
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification.[VSAO]
external_definition: Intramembranous bone that forms deep in the organism.[TAO]
database_cross_reference: AEO:0000085
database_cross_reference: EHDAA2:0003085
database_cross_reference: TAO:0001645
database_cross_reference: VSAO:0000023
database_cross_reference: XAO:0004014
database_cross_reference: ZFA:0001636
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: membrane bones
id: UBERON:0007842
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: UBERON_0001474

regular connective tissue
type: Class
definition: Connective tissue, which consists of fibroblasts, the intercellular matrix of which contains a regular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: bone (tissue), cartilage (tissue), dense regular connective tissue.
editor note: the connective tissue hierarchy largely follows FMA with definitions from VSAO. Note that in FMA, loose-CT is irregular-CT. This means regular-CT is necessarily equivalent to dense-regular-CT (assuming a JEPD classification).
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: FMA:20103
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0007845
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000051
  some values from: fibroblast
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000051
  some values from: elastic fiber
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000051
  some values from: collection of collagen fibrils
subclass of: UBERON_0002384

dense regular connective tissue
type: Class
definition: Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts).
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts).[VSAO]
external_definition: Regular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which consists predominantly of collagen fiber bundles arranged in parallel arrays.[FMA]
database_cross_reference: FMA:64781
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C33453
database_cross_reference: SCTID:22560007
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0225333
database_cross_reference: VSAO:0000050
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Dense_regular_connective_tissue
database_cross_reference: XAO:0004030
has_exact_synonym: dense fibrous connective tissue
has_exact_synonym: dense regular collagenous connective tissue
has_exact_synonym: dense regular collagenous tissue
has_exact_synonym: regular dense connective tissue
has_exact_synonym: typus regularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus)
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0007846
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000051
  some values from: elastic fiber
subclass of: regular connective tissue
subclass of: dense connective tissue

bone of craniocervical region
type: Class
definition: A bone that is part of a craniocervical region.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37245
database_cross_reference: MA:0000569
has_exact_synonym: head or neck bone
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: cranial bone
id: UBERON:0007914
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0007811
subclass of: UBERON_0001474
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001474
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007811

sesamoid bone of manus
type: Class
definition: A sesamoid bone that is part of a manus.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: FMA:42353
database_cross_reference: SCTID:368448000
has_exact_synonym: sesamoid bone of hand
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0007997
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001442
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002398
subclass of: UBERON_0001479
subclass of: UBERON_0005897
subclass of: appendicular ossicle
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001479
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002398

bone of hip region
type: Class
editor note: todo - consider obsoletion
imported from: uberon.owl
external_ontology_notes: in MA, this includes the femur. i.e. pelvic girdle bone or femur; note that this makes the ilium etc in MA hindlimb bones. in MA this is a hindlimb bone
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37308
database_cross_reference: FMA:42854
database_cross_reference: MA:0000655
database_cross_reference: SCTID:304907005
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0008202
in_subset: grouping class
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: non informative
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002131
  some values from: hip
subclass of: UBERON_0001474

craniocervical region musculature
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

tibialis
type: Class
definition: Either of two muscles of the calf of the leg.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: BTO:0000864
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:35867
database_cross_reference: MA:0002425
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C53076
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C1710422
has_exact_synonym: tibialis muscle
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0008230
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: flexor muscle
subclass of: hindlimb zeugopod muscle

periodontal ligament
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

distal segment of manual digit
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

distal segment of pedal digit
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

distal limb integumentary appendage
type: Class
definition: A nail, hoof or claw.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: MESH:D006724
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: hoof or claw
has_related_synonym: hoof, claw or nail
has_related_synonym: keratin plate
has_related_synonym: keratin sheath
has_related_synonym: unguis
id: UBERON:0009564
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: skin epidermis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: distal segment of digit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002202
  some values from: embryonic skin basal layer
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: integumentary projection

sac
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: UBERON_0000061

condyle of tibia
type: Class
definition: One of the lateral or medial condyles of the tibia.
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: Convex articular facet of the distal head of the femur that articulates with the proximal head of the tibia.[AAO]
database_cross_reference: AAO:0000899
database_cross_reference: SCTID:182062002
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Tibial_condyle
has_exact_synonym: tibial condyle
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0009989
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: proximal epiphysis of tibia
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0005055
subclass of: UBERON_0009979
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0009979
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: proximal epiphysis of tibia

food storage organ
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: UBERON_0013765

femur cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: femur endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

collection of hair on face
type: Class
definition: A collection of hairs that is part of a face.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: FMA:70741
has_exact_synonym: facial hairs set
has_exact_synonym: set of facial hairs
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: facial hair
id: UBERON:0010165
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: phenotype rcn
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001456
subclass of: collection of hairs on head or neck
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: collection of hairs
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001456

hyoid apparatus
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

skeletal element of eye region
type: Class
definition: A skeletal element that is part of a orbital region.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: eye skeleton
has_related_synonym: ocular skeleton
has_related_synonym: skeletal element of orbital region
id: UBERON:0010321
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: orbital region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0011156
subclass of: UBERON_0004765
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0004765
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: orbital region

flat bone
type: Class
definition: A bone that is shaped as a broad flat plate and composed of two thin layers of compact tissue enclosing between them a variable quantity of cancellous tissue, which is the location of red bone marrow.
imported from: uberon.owl
taxon_notes: In an adult mammal, most red blood cells are formed in flat bones
function_notes: Flat bones are those bones which are found where the principal requirement is either extensive protection or the provision of broad surfaces for muscular attachment
database_cross_reference: FMA:7476
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C32616
database_cross_reference: SCTID:332907008
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0222649
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Flat_bone
database_cross_reference: galen:FlatBone
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: os planum
id: UBERON:0010428
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
comment: Examples: cranium, the ilium, sternum, rib cage, the sacrum and the scapula; the occipital, parietal, frontal, nasal, lacrimal, vomer, scapula, os coxC&, sternum, and ribs
subclass of: UBERON_0001474

paired limb/fin segment
type: Class
definition: An appendage segment that is part of a limb/fin.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_exact_synonym: limb/fin segment
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0010538
in_subset: homology grouping
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0004708
subclass of: UBERON_0010758
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0010758
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004708

tarsus pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0015050
subclass of: unclassified imported term

tarsus cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0015050
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pedal digit 1 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: pedal digit 1 metatarsal endochondral element

pedal digit 2 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: pedal digit 2 metatarsal endochondral element

pedal digit 3 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: pedal digit 3 metatarsal endochondral element

pedal digit 4 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: pedal digit 4 metatarsal endochondral element

pedal digit 5 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: pedal digit 5 metatarsal endochondral element

pedal digit 1 metatarsal cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: pedal digit 1 metatarsal endochondral element

pedal digit 2 metatarsal cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: pedal digit 2 metatarsal endochondral element

pedal digit 3 metatarsal cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: pedal digit 3 metatarsal endochondral element

pedal digit 4 metatarsal cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: pedal digit 4 metatarsal endochondral element

pedal digit 5 metatarsal cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: pedal digit 5 metatarsal endochondral element

manual digit 1 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: manual digit 1 metacarpus endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

manual digit 2 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: manual digit 2 metacarpus endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

manual digit 3 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: manual digit 3 metacarpus endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

manual digit 4 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: manual digit 4 metacarpus endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

manual digit 5 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: manual digit 5 metacarpus endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

manual digit 1 metacarpus cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: manual digit 1 metacarpus endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

manual digit 2 metacarpus cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: manual digit 2 metacarpus endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

manual digit 3 metacarpus cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: manual digit 3 metacarpus endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

manual digit 4 metacarpus cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: manual digit 4 metacarpus endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

manual digit 5 metacarpus cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: manual digit 5 metacarpus endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pedal digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0015036

pedal digit metatarsal cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0015036

manual digit metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0015042
subclass of: unclassified imported term

manual digit metacarpus cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0015042
subclass of: unclassified imported term

phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0015023
subclass of: unclassified imported term

phalanx cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0015023
subclass of: unclassified imported term

limb skeleton subdivision
type: Class
definition: Skeletal subdivision that is a segment of the limb skeleton.
editor note: note the distinction between this and skeleton of limb
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: VSAO:0005018
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0010712
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002091
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002101
subclass of: subdivision of skeleton
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: subdivision of skeleton
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002101

girdle skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

bone of pelvic complex
type: Class
definition: A bone that is part of a pelvic complex. Examples: pubis, ischium, fot phalanx, any tarsal bone, any bone of the pelvic fin or girdle.
imported from: uberon.owl
external_ontology_notes: the MA class called 'hindlimb bone' belongs here, as it includes bones in the pelvic girdle
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:35934
database_cross_reference: MA:0000660
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: hindlimb bone
id: UBERON:0010742
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002091
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0010709
subclass of: UBERON_0010740
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001474
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0010709

sacral vertebra pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: sacral vertebra endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

sacral vertebra cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: sacral vertebra endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

calcaneum pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: calcaneum endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

calcaneum cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: calcaneum endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

radius pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: radius endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

ulna pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: ulna endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

tibia cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: tibia endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

tibia pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: tibia endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

fibula cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: fibula endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

fibula pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: fibula endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

limb cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0015061
subclass of: unclassified imported term

limb bone pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0015061
subclass of: unclassified imported term

forelimb cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0015021
subclass of: unclassified imported term

forelimb bone pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0015021
subclass of: unclassified imported term

hindlimb cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0015022
subclass of: unclassified imported term

hindlimb pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0015022
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pectoral complex muscle
type: Class
definition: A muscle of a pectoral girdle, pectoral fin or anterior limb.
editor note: the MA class belongs here, based on its current child classes
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: Muscles of the pectoral girdle, arm, forearm, and hand (brachium, antebrachium, manus respectively).[AAO]
database_cross_reference: AAO:0010687
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:32624
database_cross_reference: FMA:9621
database_cross_reference: MA:0000615
has_exact_synonym: pectoral girdle and fore limb muscles
has_narrow_synonym: muscle of pectoral girdle and wing
has_narrow_synonym: muscle of upper limb
has_narrow_synonym: upper limb muscle
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: muscle of pectoral girdle and limb
id: UBERON:0010891
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0010708
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: musculature of pectoral complex
subclass of: UBERON_0014892
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0010708

extensor pre-muscle mass
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pharyngeal arch cartilage
type: Class
definition: A cartilage element that is part of a splanchnocranium.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: BTO:0006051
database_cross_reference: EFO:0003689
database_cross_reference: TAO:0001460
database_cross_reference: ZFA:0001460
has_exact_synonym: pharyngeal arch cartilages
has_exact_synonym: splanchnocranium cartilage
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0011004
in_subset: efo slim
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0008895
subclass of: cranial cartilage
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0007844
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0008895

extrinsic extensor muscle of manus
type: Class
definition: The extrinsic extensor muscles of the hand are located in the back of the forearm and have long tendons connecting them to bones in the hand, where they exert their action.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Extrinsic_extensor_muscles_of_the_hand
has_exact_synonym: extrinsic extensor muscle of hand
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0011024
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has muscle insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0005897
subclass of: extensor muscle
subclass of: forelimb zeugopod muscle
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: extensor muscle
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002386
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has muscle insertion
    some values from: UBERON_0005897

ligament of knee joint
type: Class
definition: A ligament that is part of a knee joint.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: FMA:44580
database_cross_reference: SCTID:182440009
has_exact_synonym: knee joint ligament
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0011088
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001485
subclass of: skeletal ligament
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: ligament
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001485

synovial joint of pectoral girdle
type: Class
definition: A synovial joint that is part of a pectoral girdle region.
imported from: uberon.owl
external_ontology_notes: in FMA, these are part of the bony pectoral girdle
database_cross_reference: FMA:35243
database_cross_reference: SCTID:303080001
has_exact_synonym: joint of shoulder girdle
has_exact_synonym: pectoral girdle joint
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0011108
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001421
subclass of: UBERON_0002217
subclass of: joint of girdle
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002217
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001421

patellofemoral joint
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

dorsal trunk
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

cranial blood vasculature
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

cleidocephalicus muscle
type: Class
definition: The cleidomastoideus is a thick, strap-like muscle that together with the cleidocervicalis forms the proximal part of the brachiocephalicus. It lies beneath the cleidocervicalis. Its origin is the clavicular tendon with its insertion being at the mastoid process of the temporal bone. It is distinctly narrow and is united with the cleidocervicalis and cleidobrachialis by the clavicular tendon. Together with the other two components of the brachiocephalicus muscle, its primary function is to advance the free limb, however, it can also act as an shoulder extensor. Acting bilaterally, it fixes and depresses the neck, while by its unilateral action, it allows the head and neck to be drawn to the side. Its blood supply is the inferior cervical, carotid and vertebral arteries and its nerve supply is the spinal accessory, cervical and axillary nerves.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37687
database_cross_reference: MA:0002275
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C52893
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C1707412
has_exact_synonym: cleidocephalic
has_exact_synonym: cleidocephalic muscle
has_exact_synonym: cleidocephalicus
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: cleidomastoid
has_related_synonym: cleidomastoid muscle
has_related_synonym: cleidomastoideus
has_related_synonym: pars mastoideus
id: UBERON:0011364
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
comment: alt def: "Combination of cleidomastoid and cleidocervical muscles"
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: brachiocephalic muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002371
  some values from: UBERON_0001105
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002371
  some values from: UBERON_0011220
subclass of: UBERON_0014892
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0002371
    some values from: UBERON_0001105
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0002371
    some values from: UBERON_0011220

brachiocephalic muscle
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

paired limb/fin skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

jaw muscle
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: AAO:0000247
database_cross_reference: EFO:0003511
database_cross_reference: TAO:0000236
database_cross_reference: XAO:0003269
database_cross_reference: ZFA:0000236
has_exact_synonym: mandibular muscle
has_exact_synonym: mandibular muscles
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0011648
in_subset: efo slim
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: cranial muscle

trunk vertebra
type: Class
subclass of: trunk or cervical vertebra
subclass of: unclassified imported term

proximal tarsal bone
type: Class
definition: A tarsal bone that connected_to a hindlimb zeugopod skeleton.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0011679
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: tarsal bone
subclass of: proximal mesopodial bone
subclass of: proximal tarsal endochondral element

dense connective tissue
type: Class
definition: Dense connective tissue is mainly composed of collagen type I. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that manufacture the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than tendons. Dense connective tissue also make up the lower layers of the skin (dermis), where it is arranged in sheets.
editor note: our OWL definition states that this is differentiated from other connective tissue types by virtue of the fact that the collage fiber component predominates, as opposed to cells and fluid.
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: Connective tissue in which the fibrous component predominates. The cells, ground substance, and tissue fluid represent a minor component[NCIT]
database_cross_reference: AAO:0000121
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C32450
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C1511770
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Dense_connective_tissue
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0011823
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: UBERON_0002384

collection of collagen fibrils
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

epimysium
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

crurotarsal joint
type: Class
definition: A joint that connects the bones of the crus to the proximal tarsal bones.
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: an ankle joint that passes between the astragalus and calcaneum[Palaeos].
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Crurotarsal
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: crurotarsal
id: UBERON:0011980
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
comment: line of flexion between calcaneus and astragalus
subclass of: ankle joint

manual digitopodium bone
type: Class
definition: A bone that is part of a the manual digitopodium skeleton - i.e. the fingers or the metacarpal skeleton.
imported from: uberon.owl
implements_design_pattern: Skeleton-partonomy-Design-Pattern
database_cross_reference: SCTID:265809008
has_exact_synonym: bone of forelimb digitopodium
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0012358
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002398
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: skeleton of manual digitopodium
subclass of: UBERON_0005897
subclass of: UBERON_0012357
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0012357
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002398

pedal digitopodium bone
type: Class
definition: A bone that is part of a the pedal digitopodium skeleton - i.e. the toes or the metatarsal skeleton.
imported from: uberon.owl
implements_design_pattern: Skeleton-partonomy-Design-Pattern
has_exact_synonym: bone of hindlimb digitopodium
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0012359
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: skeleton of pedal digitopodium
subclass of: pes bone
subclass of: UBERON_0012357
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0012357
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002387

bone of jaw
type: Class
definition: A bone element that is part of a jaw region.
editor note: Do not manually classify under here - bones are automatically classified
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:35453
database_cross_reference: MA:0003130
database_cross_reference: SCTID:369003004
has_exact_synonym: jaw bone
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0012360
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: jaw skeleton
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: jaw region
subclass of: facial bone
subclass of: UBERON_0013765
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001474
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: jaw region

external anal region
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

skeleton of pectoral complex
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

cervical vertebra cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: cervical vertebra endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

cervical vertebra pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: cervical vertebra endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

thoracic vertebra cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: thoracic vertebra endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

thoracic vertebra pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: thoracic vertebra endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

lumbar vertebra cartilage element
type: Class
subclass of: lumbar vertebra endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

lumbar vertebra pre-cartilage condensation
type: Class
subclass of: lumbar vertebra endochondral element
subclass of: unclassified imported term

space surrounding organism
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

subdivision of tube
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0013522
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: tube
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000051
  some values from: anatomical wall
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000051
  some values from: anatomical space
subclass of: UBERON_0000064

sesamoid element
type: Class
definition: Ossicle that develops within bands of dense, regular connective tissue (e.g., tendons and ligaments). Sesamoids are generally located proximate to a bony prominence, over which the dense regular connective tissue wraps, and/or a joint or articulation.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: VSAO:0000137
has_exact_synonym: sesamoid
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0013631
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
comment: Sesamoids are often endochondral replacement elements and in addition to bone tissue, may also be composed of articular cartilage, fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage, and calcified cartilage.
subclass of: ossicle

foramen of skull
type: Class
definition: Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone of the skull.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: FMA:53165
database_cross_reference: SCTID:276742007
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Foramina_of_the_skull
has_exact_synonym: foramen of skull
has_narrow_synonym: cranial conduit
has_narrow_synonym: cranial foramen
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: foramina of the skull
id: UBERON:0013685
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0003129
subclass of: bone foramen
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: bone foramen
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003129

anatomical conduit space
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

main body axis
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

integumentary projection
type: Class
definition: Anatomical projection that is part of the integumentl system.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_narrow_synonym: skin projection
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0013703
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: integumental system
subclass of: UBERON_0004529
subclass of: integumentary adnexa
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0004529
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: integumental system

anterior iliac spine
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0013712
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: iliac spine

posterior iliac spine
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0013713
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: iliac spine

collection of hairs on head or neck
type: Class
definition: A collection of hairs that is part of a craniocervical region.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0014382
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0007811
subclass of: collection of hairs
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: collection of hairs
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007811

rib skeletal system
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

musculature of forelimb stylopod
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

musculature of pelvic complex
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

musculature of pectoral complex
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pectoral appendage muscle
type: Class
definition: Any muscle organ that is part of a pectoral appendage (forelimb or pectoral fin).
imported from: uberon.owl
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0014794
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: pectoral appendage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: pectoral appendage musculature
subclass of: pectoral complex muscle
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: pectoral appendage

pelvic appendage muscle
type: Class
definition: Any muscle organ that is part of a pelvic appendage (hindlimb or pelvic fin).
imported from: uberon.owl
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0014795
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: pelvic appendage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: pelvic appendage musculature
subclass of: pelvic complex muscle
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: pelvic appendage

vastus intermedius
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0001377
subclass of: unclassified imported term

proximal carpal endochondral element
type: Class
definition: A proximal mesopodial endochondral element that is part of a forelimb.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_exact_synonym: proximal carpal element
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: proximal carpal
id: UBERON:0015078
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002102
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0009880
subclass of: UBERON_0015049
subclass of: UBERON_0017750
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0017750
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002102

proximal tarsal endochondral element
type: Class
definition: A proximal mesopodial endochondral element that is part of a hindlimb.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: proximal tarsal
id: UBERON:0015081
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002103
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0009879
subclass of: UBERON_0015050
subclass of: UBERON_0017750
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0017750
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002103

distal tarsal bone 2 endochondral element
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: distal tarsal 2
id: UBERON:0015105
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: distal tarsal endochondral element

circulatory organ
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: compound organ

palmaris longus muscle
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

distal mesopodial bone
type: Class
definition: A distal mesopodial endochondral element that is composed primarily of a bone tissue.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0018102
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: UBERON_0003656
subclass of: distal mesopodial endochondral element

skeletal musculature
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

morphological feature
type: Class
definition: A part of an organism or organ that is continuous with its surroundings and distinguished from its surroundings based on morphology.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon_33090
present in taxon: NCBITaxon_33208
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 4751
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0034768
in_subset: common anatomy
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: multicellular organism
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000086
  some values from: shape
subclass of: UBERON_0000061

scapular muscle
type: Class
definition: Any of the muscles that are responsible for moving the scapula. In humans these are the levator scapulae, the infraspinatus muscle, the teres major, the teres minor, and the supraspinatus muscle.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0034908
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002371
  some values from: UBERON_0006849
subclass of: UBERON_0014892
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0002371
    some values from: UBERON_0006849

multi organ part structure
type: Class
definition: An multicellular anatomical structure that has subparts of multiple organs as a part.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon_33090
present in taxon: NCBITaxon_33208
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 4751
database_cross_reference: CARO:0020001
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: anatomical cluster
id: UBERON:0034921
in_subset: common anatomy
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002473
  some values from: UBERON_0000064
subclass of: UBERON_0010000

anatomical collection
type: Class
definition: A collection of anatomical structures that are alike in terms of their morphology or developmental origin.
editor note: resolve if this should be a subclass of disconnected anatomical group. Some collections (e.g. the skeleton or skull) are arguably connected
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon_33090
present in taxon: NCBITaxon_33208
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 4751
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0034925
in_subset: common anatomy
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: material anatomical entity

ocular adnexa
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

orbital margin
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

mucosa of lip
type: Class
definition: A mucosa that is part of a lip region [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C12226
has_exact_synonym: labial mucosa
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0036294
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001833
subclass of: UBERON_0003729
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: mucosa
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001833

manual digit 1 plus metapodial segment
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pedal digit plus metapodial segment
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

manual digit plus metapodial segment
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

digit plus metapodial segment
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

manual digit 2 plus metapodial segment
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

manual digit 3 plus metapodial segment
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

manual digit 4 plus metapodial segment
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

manual digit 5 plus metapodial segment
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pedal digit 1 plus metapodial segment
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pedal digit 2 plus metapodial segment
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pedal digit 3 plus metapodial segment
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pedal digit 4 plus metapodial segment
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pedal digit 5 plus metapodial segment
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

individual digit of digitopodial skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

preorbital bone region
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

skin of external genitalia
type: Class
definition: A zone of skin that is part of the external genitalia.
imported from: uberon.owl
contributor: Paula Duek Roggli
date: 2022-08-30T06:55:06+00:00
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:8480029
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: external genitalia
subclass of: zone of skin
subclass of: reproductive structure
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: zone of skin
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: external genitalia

Bibliographic Citation
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A bibliographic reference for the resource.
comment: Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible.

hasSpecialPointRole
type: ObjectProperty
description: An object property that relates an acupoint to the special role it bears (e.g., LU 1 hasSpecialPointRole Front-Mu Point of the Lung Role). It is the inverse of isSpecialPointRoleOf and a sub-property of the RO relation 'has role' (RO:0000087). This property is inferred via a SWRL rule from hasSpecialPointDesignation.
sub property of: has role
inverse of: isSpecialPointRoleOf

isSpecialPointDesignationOf
type: ObjectProperty
description: An object property that relates a special acupoint role to the acupoint that holds it (e.g., Front-Mu Point of the Lung Role isSpecialPointDesignationOf LU 1). It is the inverse of hasSpecialPointDesignation and a sub-property of the RO relation 'inheres in' (RO:0000052).
domain: TARA_4176111
range: TARA_1132428
sub property of: RO_0000052

isSpecialPointRoleOf
type: ObjectProperty
description: An object property that relates a special acupoint role to the acupoint that bears it. It is the inverse of hasSpecialPointRole and a sub-property of the RO relation 'role of' (RO:0000081). This property is inferred via a SWRL rule from isSpecialPointDesignationOf.
sub property of: role of

The efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular joint myofascial pain: A randomised controlled trial
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Real acupuncture with true penetrative needles inserted 6-12 mm into the skin at ST 7, retained for 20 minutes with manual stimulation every 5 minutes.
Author: Philip Smith, Daniella Mosscrop, Stephen Davies, Philip Sloan, Ziad Al-Ani
has controls information: The control used in the study was a sham acupuncture intervention, utilizing a blunt needle that does not penetrate the skin, applied through the Park Sham Device (PSD) to mimic real acupuncture.
has country information: United Kingdom
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2006.09.004
has listed acupoints used: ST 7
has needling information: Needle depth for real acupuncture: 6-12 mm; Sham acupuncture: no penetration (blunt needle touched skin)
has publication date: 2007
has publication venue: Journal of Dentistry
has sample size information: Total: 27 participants; Group 1 (real acupuncture): 13 or 14; Group 2 (sham acupuncture): 13 or 14
has stimulation type: Manual stimulation: tapping the needle every 5 minutes for 10 seconds.
has studied condition: temporomandibular joint disorder
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: temporomandibular joint myofascial pain
has trial type: RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial)

Efficacy and safety of acupuncture for chronic uncomplicated neck pain: A randomised controlled study
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Traditional Chinese acupuncture with bilateral needle puncture, manual stimulation, and auricular acupressure using Vaccaria seeds.
Author: Vas, Jorge, Emilio Perea-Milla, Camila Méndez, Cayetana Sánchez Navarro, José María León Rubio, Mauricio Brioso, and Inmaculada García Obrero
has controls information: TENS-placebo
has country information: Spain
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2006.07.002
has listed acupoints used: GB 21
has needling information: Needle length: 25 mm or 40 mm; Diameter: 0.25 mm; Depth sufficient to elicit Deqi sensation; Angle not specified
has publication date: 2006
has publication venue: Pain
has sample size information: Total: 123 participants; Experimental group (acupuncture): 61 participants; Control group (TENS-placebo): 62 participants
has stimulation type: Manual stimulation every 10 minutes.
has studied condition: HP_0030833
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: chronic uncomplicated neck pain
has trial type: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

The effect of high and low frequency electroacupuncture in pain after lower abdominal surgery
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Electroacupuncture (EA) with electrical stimulation at Zusanli points (ST-36) using frequencies of 2 Hz and 100 Hz
Author: Jaung-Geng Lin, Ming-Wu Lo, Yeong-Ray Wen, Ching-Liang Hsieh, Shen-Kou Tsai, Wei-Zen Sun
has controls information: Group I: no needle insertion or electrical stimulation (control); Group II: needle insertion without electrical stimulation (sham-EA)
has country information: Not mentioned (the paper does not specify the country of publication)
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00261-0
has listed acupoints used: ST 36
has needling information: Not mentioned (the paper does not specify the needle depth or angle for acupuncture)
has publication date: 2002
has publication venue: Pain
has sample size information: Total: 100 participants; Group I (control): 25, Group II (sham-EA): 25, Group III (low-EA): 25, Group IV (high-EA): 25
has stimulation type: Electrical stimulation at 2 Hz for low-frequency EA and 100 Hz for high-frequency EA
has studied condition: HP_0012531
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: postoperative pain
has trial type: RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial)

The effect of acupuncture on patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Single-point manual needle acupuncture at Liver 3 (Li3) with manual manipulation, no electro-acupuncture or moxibustion used.
Author: J David, S Townsend, R Sathanathan, S Kriss, C J Dore
has controls information: The control used in the study was a placebo treatment where the needle introducer was held without pressure on the Liver 3 point, and no skin puncture was made.
has country information: United Kingdom
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/38.9.864
has listed acupoints used: LR 3
has needling information: Not mentioned (the paper does not specify the needle depth or angle used for acupuncture)
has publication date: 1998
has publication venue: Rheumatology
has sample size information: Total randomized: 64; Analyzed: 56
has stimulation type: Manual manipulation at 2 minutes for 5 seconds; no electrical or thermal stimulation used.
has studied condition: rheumatoid arthritis
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: rheumatoid arthritis
has trial type: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) with a cross-over design

Acupuncture reduces pain and active phase duration The effects of acupuncture during labour on nulliparous women: A randomised controlled trial
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Traditional acupuncture with manual needle stimulation at recognized acupoints, using C-type needles, tailored to patient symptoms and aimed at provoking the de chi sensation.
Author: Sedigheh Hantoushzadeh, Navid Alhusseini, Amir Hussein Lebaschi
has controls information: Minimal acupuncture (insertion of needles in non-acupuncture points such as buttocks, thighs, and arms)
has country information: Iran
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828x.2006.00674.x
has listed acupoints used: LI 4
has needling information: Needles were inserted at 45 degrees or perpendicularly, with a depth depending on the thickness of the subcutaneous fat.
has publication date: 2007
has sample size information: Total: 144 participants; Real acupuncture group: 70; Minimal acupuncture group: 74
has stimulation type: Manual stimulation until de chi sensation is achieved; control group: manual stimulation for about 20 minutes without de chi sensation.
has studied condition: labor pain
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: labor pain
has trial type: RCT (Randomised Controlled Trial)

The Short-Term Effects of Acupuncture on Myofascial Pain Patients After Clenching
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Single needle insertion at Hegu Large Intestine 4 (LI4) acupoint, with needle twirling for 5 seconds after 5 minutes, lasting for 15 minutes.
Author: Yoshi F Shen, Greg Goddard
has controls information: Sham acupuncture, using a blunted needle that did not penetrate the skin and was positioned 1 cm distal to the LI4 acupoint, served as the control. The procedure was designed to mimic real acupuncture without actual needle penetration.
has country information: United States
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-2500.2007.00140.x
has listed acupoints used: LI 4
has needling information: Needle depth: 10 to 20 mm; Needle angle: Not mentioned
has publication date: 2007
has sample size information: Total: 15 participants; Real acupuncture group: 9 participants; Sham acupuncture group: 6 participants
has stimulation type: Manual stimulation: twirling the needle for 5 seconds after 5 minutes into treatment.
has studied condition: myofascial pain syndrome
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: Myofascial pain
has trial type: RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial)

Effectiveness of Acupuncture as Adjunctive Therapy in Osteoarthritis of the Knee A Randomized, Controlled Trial
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Traditional Chinese Medicine-based acupuncture with needle insertion and electroacupuncture at knee points Xiyan
Author: Brian M Berman, Lixing Lao, Patricia Langenberg, Wen Lin Lee, Adele M K Gilpin, Marc C Hochberg
has controls information: The study used two control groups: 1) Sham acupuncture, which involved the same schedule as true acupuncture but without actual needle insertion, and 2) Education, which consisted of 6 two-hour sessions based on the Arthritis Self-Management Program.
has country information: United States
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-12-200412210-00006
has listed acupoints used: Xiyan
has needling information: Needle depth: approximately 0.3 to 1.0 inch, depending on point location; Needle length: 1.5-inch for local points and 1-inch for distal points
has publication date: 2004
has publication venue: Annals of Internal Medicine
has sample size information: Total: 570 participants, True acupuncture group: 186, Sham acupuncture group: 183, Education group: 174
has stimulation type: Electrical stimulation at 8 Hz with square biphasic pulses (0.5-ms pulse width) for 20 minutes at knee points Xiyan.
has studied condition: MONDO_0005416
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: osteoarthritis of the knee
has trial type: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

T Alexander Dececchi
type: NCBITaxon 9606
type: NamedIndividual

spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity

process
type: Class
definition: p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
comment: An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.
subclass of: BFO_0000003

material entity
type: Class
example of usage: a flame
example of usage: a forest fire
example of usage: a human being
example of usage: a hurricane
example of usage: a photon
example of usage: a puff of smoke
example of usage: a sea wave
example of usage: a tornado
example of usage: an aggregate of human beings.
example of usage: an energy wave
example of usage: an epidemic
example of usage: the undetached arm of a human being
definition: An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity.
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here.
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: BFO_0000004
disjoint with: immaterial entity

occurs in
type: ObjectProperty
editor preferred term: occurs in
definition: b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
IAO_0000118: occurs_in
IAO_0000118: unfolds in
IAO_0000118: unfolds_in
comment: Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant
domain: BFO_0000003
range: BFO_0000004
inverse of: contains process
property chain axiom: BFO_0000050

extracellular matrix secreting cell
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

extracellular matrix
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

contractile muscle fiber
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

elastic fiber
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

Abnormal skeletal morphology
type: Class
definition: An abnormality of the form, structure, or size of the skeletal system.
imported from: hp.owl
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0736-9199
creation date: 2012-05-07T08:08:37Z
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C4023165
has_exact_synonym: Abnormality of skeletal morphology
has_exact_synonym: Abnormally shaped skeletal
id: HP:0011842
subclass of: Abnormality of the skeletal system

Lower limb pain
type: Class
definition: An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the leg.
imported from: hp.owl
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0736-9199
creation date: 2013-12-08T09:10:29Z
database_cross_reference: SNOMEDCT_US:10601006
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0023222
has_exact_synonym: Leg pain
has_exact_synonym: Lower limb pain
id: HP:0012514
subclass of: Limb pain

Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system
type: Class
definition: An anomaly of the musculoskeletal system, which consists of the bones of the skeleton, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue. The musculoskeletal system supports the weight of the body, maintains body position and produces movements of the body or of parts of the body.
imported from: hp.owl
date: 2020-09-05T13:35:03+00:00
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0736-9199
subclass of: Phenotypic abnormality

document
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity

publication
type: Class
comment: Revisit the term in Octorber 2020. Improve the defintion.
subclass of: document

requires discussion
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues.
definition source: group:OBI

autoimmune disorder of musculoskeletal system
type: Class
definition: A hypersensitivity reaction type II disease that involves the musculoskeletal system.
imported from: mondo.owl
database_cross_reference: DOID:0060032
has_exact_synonym: musculoskeletal system autoimmune disease
has_exact_synonym: musculoskeletal system hypersensitivity reaction type II disease
id: MONDO:0000589
subclass of: MONDO_0002081
subclass of: autoimmune disease
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: autoimmune disease
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0004026
    some values from: UBERON_0002204

syndromic disease
type: Class
definition: A group of signs, symptoms, and clinicopathological characteristics that may or may not have a genetic basis and collectively define an abnormal condition.
imported from: mondo.owl
conforms to: syndromic.yaml
database_cross_reference: DOID:225
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:11688
database_cross_reference: MESH:D013577
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C28193
database_cross_reference: OGMS:0000086
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0039082
has_exact_synonym: cluster, symptom
has_exact_synonym: clusters, symptom
has_exact_synonym: symptom cluster
has_exact_synonym: symptom clusters
has_exact_synonym: syndrome
has_exact_synonym: syndrome associated with disease or disorder
has_exact_synonym: syndromes
has_exact_synonym: syndromic disease
has_exact_synonym: syndromic disease or disorder
id: MONDO:0002254
in_subset: harrisons view
in_subset: rare grouping
subclass of: MONDO_0700096

connective tissue disorder
type: Class
definition: A disease involving the connective tissue.
term tracker item: https://github.com/monarch-initiative/mondo/issues/3570
imported from: mondo.owl
excluded subClassOf: MONDO_0002081
database_cross_reference: DOID:65
database_cross_reference: EFO:1001986
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:1098
database_cross_reference: MESH:D003240
database_cross_reference: NANDO:2100172
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C26729
database_cross_reference: SCTID:105969002
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0009782
has_exact_synonym: connective tissue disease
has_exact_synonym: connective tissue disease or disorder
has_exact_synonym: connective tissue diseases
has_exact_synonym: connective tissue disorder
has_exact_synonym: connective tissue disorders
has_exact_synonym: disease of connective tissue
has_exact_synonym: disease or disorder of connective tissue
has_exact_synonym: disease, connective tissue
has_exact_synonym: disorder of connective tissue
has_exact_synonym: primary disorder of connective tissue
has_exact_synonym: tissue disease, connective
id: MONDO:0003900
in_subset: harrisons view
in_subset: otar
in_subset: rare grouping
comment: Following clinical usage of the term 'connective tissue disorder' this grouping excludes some diseases affecting tissues classically considered to be connective tissue, such as bone.
subclass of: MONDO_0700096

muscle tissue disorder
type: Class
definition: A disease involving the muscle tissue.
term tracker item: https://github.com/monarch-initiative/mondo/issues/5166
imported from: mondo.owl
excluded subClassOf: skeletal system disorder
conforms to: location.yaml
conforms to: location top.yaml
database_cross_reference: DOID:0080000
database_cross_reference: DOID:66
database_cross_reference: ICD10CM:M60-M63
database_cross_reference: MESH:D009135
has_exact_synonym: disease of muscle organ
has_exact_synonym: disease of muscle tissue
has_exact_synonym: disease or disorder of muscle organ
has_exact_synonym: disease or disorder of muscle tissue
has_exact_synonym: disorder of muscle organ
has_exact_synonym: disorder of muscle tissue
has_exact_synonym: muscle organ disease
has_exact_synonym: muscle organ disease or disorder
has_exact_synonym: muscle tissue disease
has_exact_synonym: muscle tissue disease or disorder
has_exact_synonym: muscular disorder
id: MONDO:0003939
in_subset: otar
in_subset: rare grouping
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0004026
  some values from: UBERON_0002385
subclass of: MONDO_0002081
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: MONDO_0000001
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0004026
    some values from: UBERON_0002385

irritable bowel syndrome
type: Class
definition: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional condition of the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort and disordered bowel habit (diarrhea, constipation, or fluctuation between the two).
imported from: mondo.owl
database_cross_reference: DOID:9778
database_cross_reference: EFO:0000555
database_cross_reference: ICD10CM:K58
database_cross_reference: ICD9:564.1
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:5897
database_cross_reference: MESH:D043183
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C82343
database_cross_reference: SCTID:10743008
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0022104
database_cross_reference: icd11.foundation:1158238623
has_exact_synonym: IBD
has_exact_synonym: IBS
has_exact_synonym: irritable bowel syndrome
has_exact_synonym: irritable colon
has_exact_synonym: mucus colitis
has_exact_synonym: spastic colon
has_related_synonym: psychogenic IBS
id: MONDO:0005052
in_subset: otar
subclass of: syndromic disease
subclass of: intestinal disorder

osteoarthritis
type: Class
definition: A noninflammatory degenerative joint disease occurring chiefly in older persons, characterized by degeneration of the articular cartilage, hypertrophy of bone at the margins and changes in the synovial membrane. It is accompanied by pain and stiffness, particularly after prolonged activity.
term tracker item: https://github.com/monarch-initiative/mondo/issues/1395
imported from: mondo.owl
database_cross_reference: DOID:8398
database_cross_reference: HP:0002758
database_cross_reference: ICD10CM:M15-M19
database_cross_reference: ICD10CM:M19
database_cross_reference: ICD9:715.3
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:45244
database_cross_reference: MESH:D010003
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C3293
database_cross_reference: SCTID:396275006
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0029408
database_cross_reference: icd11.foundation:558562409
has_exact_synonym: degenerative arthritis
has_exact_synonym: degenerative joint disease
has_exact_synonym: hypertrophic arthritis
has_exact_synonym: osteoarthrosis
has_exact_synonym: osteoarthrosis and allied disorder
id: MONDO:0005178
in_subset: otar
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0004029
  some values from: Arthritis
subclass of: arthritic joint disease

rheumatic disorder
type: Class
definition: Inflammatory and degenerative diseases of connective tissue structures, such as arthritis.
imported from: mondo.owl
excluded subClassOf: autoimmune disorder of musculoskeletal system
excluded subClassOf: MONDO_0002081
excluded subClassOf: immune system disorder
database_cross_reference: DOID:1575
database_cross_reference: EFO:0005755
database_cross_reference: ICD9:729.0
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:3157
database_cross_reference: MESH:D012216
database_cross_reference: NANDO:2100151
database_cross_reference: NANDO:2100152
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C27204
database_cross_reference: SCTID:396332003
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0009326
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Rheumatism
has_exact_synonym: rheumatic disease
has_exact_synonym: rheumatologic disorder
has_related_synonym: collagen disease
has_related_synonym: collagen vascular disease
has_related_synonym: connective tissue disease
has_related_synonym: disease, rheumatic
has_related_synonym: diseases, rheumatic
has_related_synonym: enthesopathies
has_related_synonym: enthesopathy
has_related_synonym: inflammatory rheumatism
has_related_synonym: musculoskeletal pain disorder
has_related_synonym: rheumatism
id: MONDO:0005554
in_subset: otar
comment: This is an umbrella term encompassing conditions causing chronic, often intermittent pain affecting the joints and/or connective tissue
subclass of: connective tissue disorder

brain disorder
type: Class
definition: A disease affecting the brain or part of the brain.
imported from: mondo.owl
conforms to: location.yaml
conforms to: location top.yaml
database_cross_reference: DOID:936
database_cross_reference: EFO:0005774
database_cross_reference: ICD9:348.3
database_cross_reference: ICD9:348.30
database_cross_reference: ICD9:348.8
database_cross_reference: ICD9:348.9
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:14214
database_cross_reference: MESH:D001927
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C96413
database_cross_reference: SCTID:81308009
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0006111
has_exact_synonym: brain disease
has_exact_synonym: brain disease or disorder
has_exact_synonym: disease of brain
has_exact_synonym: disease or disorder of brain
has_exact_synonym: disorder of brain
has_narrow_synonym: encephalopathy
id: MONDO:0005560
in_subset: otar
comment: Editor note: NCIT has different classes for brain disease and encephalopathy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0004026
  some values from: brain
subclass of: central nervous system disorder
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: MONDO_0000001
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0004026
    some values from: brain

autoimmune disease
type: Class
definition: A disorder resulting from loss of function or tissue destruction of an organ or multiple organs, arising from humoral or cellular immune responses of the individual to their own tissue constituents. It may be systemic (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus), or organ specific, (e.g., thyroiditis).
imported from: mondo.owl
curated content resource: MONDO:0007179
excluded subClassOf: hypersensitivity reaction disease
conforms to: autoimmune.yaml
database_cross_reference: DOID:417
database_cross_reference: EFO:0005809
database_cross_reference: ICD9:279.4
database_cross_reference: ICD9:279.49
database_cross_reference: ICD9:720
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:2135
database_cross_reference: MESH:D001327
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C2889
database_cross_reference: OBI:1110054
database_cross_reference: OMIM:109100
database_cross_reference: SCTID:85828009
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0004364
has_exact_synonym: autoimmune disease
has_exact_synonym: autoimmune disease or disorder
has_exact_synonym: autoimmune disorder
has_exact_synonym: disease, autoimmune
has_related_synonym: autoimmune hypersensitivity disease
has_related_synonym: hypersensitivity reaction type II disease
id: MONDO:0007179
in_subset: clingen
in_subset: otar
comment: Editor note: check OMIM
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: disease arises from feature
  some values from: Autoimmunity
subclass of: immune system disorder
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: MONDO_0000001
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: disease arises from feature
    some values from: Autoimmunity

rheumatoid arthritis
type: Class
definition: A chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation in the synovial membranes and articular surfaces. It manifests primarily as a symmetric, erosive polyarthritis that spares the axial skeleton and is typically associated with the presence in the serum of rheumatoid factor.
term tracker item: https://github.com/monarch-initiative/mondo/issues/4521
term tracker item: https://github.com/monarch-initiative/mondo/issues/6094
imported from: mondo.owl
excluded from qc check: qc-omim-subsumption.sparql
has_broad_synonym: atrophic arthritis
database_cross_reference: DOID:7148
database_cross_reference: EFO:0000685
database_cross_reference: HP:0001370
database_cross_reference: ICD9:714.0
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:2078
database_cross_reference: MESH:D001172
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C2884
database_cross_reference: OMIM:180300
database_cross_reference: Orphanet:284130
database_cross_reference: SCTID:69896004
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0003873
database_cross_reference: icd11.foundation:576319925
has_exact_synonym: RA
has_exact_synonym: arthritis or polyarthritis, rheumatic
has_exact_synonym: arthritis, rheumatoid
has_exact_synonym: autoimmune arthritis
has_exact_synonym: rheumatoid arthritis
has_exact_synonym: rheumatoid arthritis, progression of
has_related_synonym: rheumatoid arthritis, susceptibility to
id: MONDO:0008383
in_subset: otar
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0004029
  some values from: Arthritis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0004029
  some values from: Autoimmunity
subclass of: autoimmune disorder of musculoskeletal system
subclass of: rheumatic disorder
subclass of: arthritic joint disease
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: arthritic joint disease
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: disease arises from feature
    some values from: Autoimmunity

skeletal muscle disorder
type: Class
definition: A disease involving the skeletal muscle tissue.
imported from: mondo.owl
excluded subClassOf: neuromuscular disease
conforms to: location.yaml
conforms to: location top.yaml
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:735900
database_cross_reference: MESH:D009135
database_cross_reference: MedDRA:10028641
database_cross_reference: Orphanet:98472
database_cross_reference: SCTID:75047002
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C1533847
has_exact_synonym: disease of skeletal muscle tissue
has_exact_synonym: disease or disorder of skeletal muscle tissue
has_exact_synonym: disorder of skeletal muscle tissue
has_exact_synonym: skeletal muscle tissue disease
has_exact_synonym: skeletal muscle tissue disease or disorder
id: MONDO:0020120
in_subset: disease grouping
in_subset: ordo group of disorders
in_subset: otar
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0004026
  some values from: UBERON_0001134
subclass of: muscle tissue disorder
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: MONDO_0000001
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0004026
    some values from: UBERON_0001134

inflammatory disease
type: Class
definition: A disease involving a pathogenic inflammatory response in the anatomical structure.
imported from: mondo.owl
conforms to: specific infectious disease by location.yaml
conforms to: specific inflammatory disease by site.yaml
database_cross_reference: ICD9:799.89
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:452939
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C93210
database_cross_reference: SCTID:128139000
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C1290884
has_exact_synonym: anatomical structure inflammation
has_exact_synonym: inflammation of anatomical structure
has_exact_synonym: inflammatory disease
has_exact_synonym: inflammatory disorder
id: MONDO:0021166
in_subset: harrisons view
in_subset: rare grouping
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: disease causes disruption of
  some values from: inflammatory response
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0004027
  some values from: UBERON_0000061
subclass of: MONDO_0700096
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: MONDO_0700096
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0004027
    some values from: UBERON_0000061

idiopathic
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

Xenoturbella
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

Vertebrata <vertebrates>
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

chronic
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

multicellular
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

has function
type: ObjectProperty
example of usage: this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
IAO_0000118: has_function
domain: BFO_0000004
range: function
sub property of: RO_0000053

has 2D boundary
type: ObjectProperty
example of usage: my body has 2D boundary the surface of my skin
definition: a relation between a material entity and a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary), in which the boundary delimits the material entity
editor note: A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts.
editor note: Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape.
IAO_0000118: has boundary
IAO_0000118: has_2D_boundary
RO_0001900: RO_0001901
domain: material entity
range: immaterial entity

has member
type: IrreflexiveProperty
type: ObjectProperty
definition: has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item.
definition source: SIO
RO_0001900: RO_0001901
sub property of: BFO_0000051

has muscle insertion
type: ObjectProperty

disease has basis in dysfunction of
type: ObjectProperty

anatomical wall
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

anterior region of body
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

intestine
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

orifice
type: Class
definition: Anatomical conduit that connects two adjacent body spaces (or a body space with the space surrounding the organism)[FMA,modified].
imported from: uberon.owl
external_ontology_notes: in FMA, this is an anatomical conduit *space*, rather than anatomical conduit
has_broad_synonym: anatomical ostium
has_broad_synonym: ostium
database_cross_reference: FMA:3724
database_cross_reference: SCTID:91837002
has_exact_synonym: anatomical orifice
has_narrow_synonym: hilum
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000161
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: UBERON_0004111

ligament
type: Class
definition: Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ.
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi by connective tissue. Examples: sutural ligament, radiate sternocostal ligament, ligament of liver, ovarian ligament[FMA][FMA:21496].
external_definition: Portion of connective tissue that connects bone or cartilage.[TAO]
homology_notes: Compared with their Ediacarian predecessor, Cambrian animals in general were characterized by their much stouter bodies. The stoutness of the body is likely due to the formation of ligaments and tendons, which in turn requires the crosslinking of collagen triple helices.[well established][VHOG]
external_ontology_notes: this groups both skeletal and non-skeletal ligaments. What is called a 'ligament' in many AOs is actually a skeletal ligament
database_cross_reference: CALOHA:TS-2145
database_cross_reference: EFO:0001966
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:35493
database_cross_reference: FMA:21496
database_cross_reference: FMA:30319
database_cross_reference: MA:0000113
database_cross_reference: MESH:D008022
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C13046
database_cross_reference: SCTID:182358004
database_cross_reference: TAO:0001682
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0023685
database_cross_reference: VHOG:0001272
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Ligament
database_cross_reference: XAO:0004031
database_cross_reference: ZFA:0001675
database_cross_reference: galen:Ligament
has_exact_synonym: ligament organ
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000211
in_subset: efo slim
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
in_subset: uberon slim
in_subset: vertebrate core
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000051
  some values from: UBERON_0002384
subclass of: UBERON_0000062

extensor muscle
type: Class
definition: A skeletal muscle whose contraction extends or stretches a body part.
imported from: uberon.owl
contributor: cmungall
database_cross_reference: BTO:0000151
database_cross_reference: FMA:75000
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: extensor
id: UBERON:0000311
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
comment: Any of the muscles that increase the angle between segments of a limb, E.g. straightening the elbow or knee or bending the wrist or spine backward. The movement is usually directed backward, with the notable exception of the knee joint. In humans, certain muscles of the hand and foot are named for this function. In the hand these include the extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus, and extensor carpi ulnaris, which run from the humerus along the back of the forearm to the metacarpal bones at the back of the hand. [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/198909/extensor-muscle]
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0000026
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002202
  some values from: extensor pre-muscle mass
subclass of: UBERON_0014892

flexor muscle
type: Class
definition: A skeletal muscle whose contraction bends a joint.
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: A muscle that decreases the angle of a joint.[TAO]
contributor: cmungall
database_cross_reference: BTO:0001257
database_cross_reference: FMA:74559
database_cross_reference: FMA:74999
database_cross_reference: TAO:0005271
database_cross_reference: ZFA:0005271
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: flexor
id: UBERON:0000366
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
in_subset: vertebrate core
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0000026
subclass of: UBERON_0014892

anatomical system
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

tissue
type: Class
definition: Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation.
editor note: changed label and definition to reflect CARO2
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon_33090
present in taxon: NCBITaxon_33208
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 4751
database_cross_reference: AAO:0000607
database_cross_reference: AAO:0010054
database_cross_reference: AEO:0000043
database_cross_reference: BILA:0000043
database_cross_reference: BIRNLEX:19
database_cross_reference: CALOHA:TS-2090
database_cross_reference: CARO:0000043
database_cross_reference: EHDAA2:0003043
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:35868
database_cross_reference: FBbt:00007003
database_cross_reference: FMA:9637
database_cross_reference: HAO:0000043
database_cross_reference: MA:0003002
database_cross_reference: MESH:D014024
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C12801
database_cross_reference: TAO:0001477
database_cross_reference: TGMA:0001844
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0040300
database_cross_reference: VHOG:0001757
database_cross_reference: WBbt:0005729
database_cross_reference: XAO:0003040
database_cross_reference: ZFA:0001477
database_cross_reference: galen:Tissue
has_exact_synonym: portion of tissue
has_exact_synonym: tissue portion
has_narrow_synonym: simple tissue
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000479
in_subset: common anatomy
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
in_subset: upper level
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: multicellular organism
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000051
  some values from: extracellular matrix
subclass of: UBERON_0010000

cavitated compound organ
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: compound organ

ectoderm
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

heart
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0005181
subclass of: primary circulatory organ
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: unclassified imported term

gracilis
type: Class
definition: The most superficial muscle on the medial side of the thigh. It is thin and flattened, broad above, narrow and tapering below. It arises by a thin aponeurosis from the anterior margins of the lower half of the symphysis pubis and the upper half of the pubic arch.
editor note: AAO has minor and major gracilis, which merge together, attaching the pelvic rim to the tibiofibula - this could be grouped with the mammalian gracilis at some level; note the current insertion site is 'tibia' which would be modified for amphibian tibiafibula
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
taxon_notes: A&P heads in rat, single head in humans[DOI:10.1002/ar.22919]
database_cross_reference: BTO:0000536
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:36231
database_cross_reference: FMA:43882
database_cross_reference: MA:0002311
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C52935
database_cross_reference: SCTID:181689005
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0224439
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Gracilis_muscle
database_cross_reference: galen:Gracilis
has_exact_synonym: gracilis muscle
has_exact_synonym: musculus gracilis
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000950
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0000376
subclass of: hindlimb stylopod muscle
subclass of: adductor muscle of hip

brain
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

respiratory system
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

digestive system
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

central nervous system
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

sacral vertebra
type: Class
definition: A vertebra bone that is part of the sacral region of the vertebral column.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
external_definition: Enlarged vertebra with transverse processes (diapophyses), and ocassionally ribs, that are modified and elaborated for support of the pelvic girdle.[AAO]
database_cross_reference: AAO:0000552
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:18336
database_cross_reference: FMA:12526
database_cross_reference: MA:0000313
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C12853
database_cross_reference: SCTID:361773005
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C1261045
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Sacrum
database_cross_reference: XAO:0003078
database_cross_reference: galen:SacralVertebra
database_cross_reference: neuronames:1706
has_exact_synonym: sacral segment
has_exact_synonym: segment of sacrum
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001094
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
in_subset: uberon slim
comment: EDITOR_NOTE todo - AAO placement to be confirmed by AAO curators (the AAO class may also include modified ribs)
subclass of: UBERON_0002412
subclass of: abdominal segment bone
subclass of: UBERON_0004247
subclass of: sacral vertebra endochondral element

caudal vertebra
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

vertebral column
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

scrotum
type: Class
definition: The external sac of skin that encloses the testes. It is an extension of the abdomen, and in placentals is located between the penis and anus.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_relational_adjective: scrotal
taxon_notes: In elephants the testes remain in the abdomen
taxon_notes: In hedgehogs the testes remain in the inguinal canal
taxon_notes: In humans and some other mammals, the base of the scrotum becomes covered with pubic hair at puberty
taxon_notes: In marsupials, the scrotum is not homologous to the eutherian scrotum, and development is under the control of X-linked genes, not androgens
taxon_notes: In marsupials, the scrotum is positioned in the caudal area of the abdomen, in the same position as the pouch in females. It has been suggested that the pouch and marsupial scrotum are sexual homologs, but it is more likely they arise from different primordia in the same morphogenetic field
taxon_notes: The scrotum of marsupials is not homologous with the scrotum of mammals[ISBN:113945742X]
database_cross_reference: BTO:0003098
database_cross_reference: CALOHA:TS-2341
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:19296
database_cross_reference: FMA:18252
database_cross_reference: GAID:393
database_cross_reference: MA:0000409
database_cross_reference: MESH:D012611
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C12785
database_cross_reference: SCTID:265794003
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0036471
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Scrotum
database_cross_reference: galen:Scrotum
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001300
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: external male genitalia
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: reproductive structure
subclass of: UBERON_0034929

tensor fasciae latae muscle
type: Class
definition: The tensor fasciae latae or tensor fasciæ latæ is a muscle of the thigh. [WP,unvetted].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:35855
database_cross_reference: FMA:22423
database_cross_reference: MA:0002391
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C53072
database_cross_reference: SCTID:181671009
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C1384497
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Tensor_fasciae_latae_muscle
has_exact_synonym: musculus tensor fasciae latae
has_exact_synonym: tensor fasciae lata
has_exact_synonym: tensor fasciae lata muscle
has_exact_synonym: tensor fasciae latae
has_exact_synonym: tensor of fascia lata
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001376
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: gluteal muscle

semimembranosus muscle
type: Class
definition: The semimembranosus is a muscle in the back of the thigh. It is the most medial of the three hamstring muscles. [WP,unvetted].
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
database_cross_reference: BTO:0003177
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:36242
database_cross_reference: FMA:22438
database_cross_reference: MA:0002371
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C52987
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0224452
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Semimembranosus
database_cross_reference: galen:Semimembranosus
has_exact_synonym: musculus semimembranosus
has_exact_synonym: semimembranosus
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001381
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: muscle of posterior compartment of hindlimb stylopod

muscle of leg
type: Class
definition: A muscle that is part of the region of the hindlimb between the pelvis and ankle.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
terminology_notes: see notes on UBERON:0000978 for possible confusion over the term 'leg'.
has_alternative_id: UBERON:0003270
database_cross_reference: BTO:0000722
database_cross_reference: EHDAA:8291
database_cross_reference: MA:0000672
database_cross_reference: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000974
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Leg_muscle
has_exact_synonym: leg muscle
has_exact_synonym: leg muscle organ
has_exact_synonym: leg skeletal muscle
has_exact_synonym: leg skeletal muscle tissue
has_exact_synonym: muscle of hindlimb zeugopod or stylopod
has_exact_synonym: muscle of thigh or crus
has_exact_synonym: muscle of upper or lower hindlimb segment
has_exact_synonym: muscle of upper/lower leg
has_exact_synonym: muscle organ of leg
has_exact_synonym: skeletal muscle of leg
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001383
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0000978
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: musculature of leg
subclass of: hindlimb muscle
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000978

soleus muscle
type: Class
definition: A deep muscle of the triceps surae group, in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg.
imported from: uberon.owl
never in taxon: Canis
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
has_relational_adjective: soleal
function_notes: responsible for plantar flexion of the foot
database_cross_reference: BTO:0001265
database_cross_reference: EFO:0001946
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:35786
database_cross_reference: FMA:22542
database_cross_reference: MA:0002424
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C53075
database_cross_reference: SCTID:181702007
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0242694
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Soleus_muscle
database_cross_reference: galen:Soleus
has_exact_synonym: soleus
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001389
in_subset: efo slim
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: triceps surae
subclass of: hindlimb zeugopod muscle

axillary artery
type: Class
definition: Artery that supplies the axilla.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
taxon_notes: In human anatomy, the axillary artery is a large blood vessel that conveys oxygenated blood to the lateral aspect of the thorax, the axilla (armpit) and the upper limb. Its origin is at the lateral margin of the first rib, before which it is called the subclavian artery. After passing the lower margin of teres major it becomes the brachial artery.
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:18749
database_cross_reference: FMA:22654
database_cross_reference: GAID:473
database_cross_reference: MA:0002573
database_cross_reference: MESH:D001366
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C32169
database_cross_reference: SCTID:181321001
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0004455
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Axillary_artery
database_cross_reference: galen:AxillaryArtery
has_exact_synonym: arteria axillaris
has_exact_synonym: axillary part of subclavian artery
has_exact_synonym: axillary part of trunk of subclavian artery
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001394
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: RO_0002577
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001467
subclass of: UBERON_0001637

radiale
type: Class
definition: Endochondral proximal carpal bone articulating with the radius.
editor note: TODO - check AAO placement; in rodents this is fused with the lunate to make the scapholunate
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
external_definition: One of two element that constitute the basal row of carpals. It articulates proximally with the radius, mesially with the ulnare (or pars intermedia of the ulnare when the ulnare is fused to the intermedium) and distally with the centrale (also recognized by some authors as element Y). This element originates from one or two condensation centers. Occasionally it may fuse to carpal 5(4), the ulnare, or other elements.[AAO]
external_definition: the bone of the hand located at the radial side of the carpus and which articulates with the radius, trapezium, trapezoideum, capitate, and lunate bones
terminology_notes: In reptiles, birds, and amphibians, this bone is instead commonly referred to as the radiale, because of its articulation with the radius[WP]
contributor: cmungall
contributor: mellybelly
database_cross_reference: AAO:0000790
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37660
database_cross_reference: FMA:23709
database_cross_reference: GAID:180
database_cross_reference: MA:0002555
database_cross_reference: MESH:D021361
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C12854
database_cross_reference: SCTID:181958008
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0223724
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Scaphoid
database_cross_reference: galen:Scaphoid
has_exact_synonym: navicular bone of hand
has_exact_synonym: navicular bone of manus
has_exact_synonym: navicular of manus
has_exact_synonym: os carpi radiale
has_exact_synonym: os naviculare manus
has_exact_synonym: os scaphoideum
has_exact_synonym: radial carpal bone
has_exact_synonym: scaphoid
has_exact_synonym: scaphoid bone
has_exact_synonym: scaphoideum
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: navicular of hand
id: UBERON:0001427
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: proximal carpal bone

carpal bone
type: Class
definition: A bone that is part of the carpal skeleton. Examples: scaphoid, lunate, capitate[cjm].
imported from: uberon.owl
taxon_notes: In tetrapods, the carpals is the sole cluster of the bones in the wrist between the radius and ulna and the metacarpus. The bones of the carpus do not belong to individual fingers (or toes in quadrupeds), whereas those of the metacarpus do. The corresponding part of the foot is the tarsus. The carpal bones allow the wrist to move and rotate vertically, horizontally and laterally. In human anatomy, the main role of the carpus is to facilitate effective positioning of the hand and powerful use of the extensors and flexors of the forearm, but the mobility of individual carpal bones increase the freedom of movements at the wrist.
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:25056
database_cross_reference: FMA:23889
database_cross_reference: GAID:179
database_cross_reference: MA:0000296
database_cross_reference: MESH:D002348
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C12688
database_cross_reference: SCTID:83936004
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0007285
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Carpus
database_cross_reference: galen:CarpalBone
has_exact_synonym: bone of carpus
has_exact_synonym: carpal
has_exact_synonym: carpal skeleton bone
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: carpus bone
id: UBERON:0001435
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0004452
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0009880
subclass of: UBERON_0003656
subclass of: UBERON_0005897
subclass of: UBERON_0015049
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001474
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004452

distal tarsal bone 2
type: Class
definition: Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 2.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
external_definition: Small element that articulates anteriorly with metatarsal II. It may be fused to tarsal 1 or to tarsal 3.[AAO]
database_cross_reference: AAO:0000919
database_cross_reference: BTO:0002359
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:36177
database_cross_reference: FMA:24519
database_cross_reference: MA:0001353
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C33116
database_cross_reference: SCTID:179512006
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C1513292
database_cross_reference: VSAO:0005053
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Intermediate_cuneiform_bone
database_cross_reference: galen:IntermediateCuneiform
has_exact_synonym: cuneiforme 2
has_exact_synonym: distal tarsal 2 bone
has_exact_synonym: intermediate cuneiform
has_exact_synonym: mesocuneiforme
has_exact_synonym: middle cuneiform
has_exact_synonym: middle cuneiform bone of foot
has_exact_synonym: os cuneiforme intermedium
has_exact_synonym: os tarsale II
has_exact_synonym: second cuneiform bone
has_exact_synonym: second cuneiform bone of foot
has_exact_synonym: tarsal 2
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: 2nd cuneiform
has_related_synonym: distal tarsal 2
has_related_synonym: foot distal carpal bone 2
has_related_synonym: intermediate cuneiform bone
has_related_synonym: os cuneiforme intermedium
has_related_synonym: os cuneiforme secundum
id: UBERON:0001453
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: uberon slim
comment: The intermediate cuneiform (also known as second cuneiform / middle cuneiform) is shaped like a wedge, the thin end pointing downwards. It is situated between the other two cuneiforms (the medial and lateral cuneiforms), and articulates with the navicular posteriorly, the second metatarsal anteriorly and with the other cuneiforms on either side. [WP,unvetted]
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0009879
subclass of: distal tarsal bone
subclass of: distal tarsal bone 2 endochondral element

cuboid bone
type: Class
definition: A tarsal bone that is formed from distal tarsals 4 and 5. [WP,modified].
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
terminology_notes: NominaAnatomicaVeterinaria uses os cuboideum as an official synonym for distal tarsal IV, but some sources also use this as the label for the human cuboid bone which is regarded to be formed from tarsals IV and V. We therefore decline to use exact syns in either case.
database_cross_reference: BTO:0002357
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:36175
database_cross_reference: FMA:24527
database_cross_reference: MA:0001355
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C32414
database_cross_reference: SCTID:182101009
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0376381
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Cuboid_bone
database_cross_reference: galen:Cuboid
has_exact_synonym: cuboid
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: cuboideum
has_related_synonym: distal tarsal bones 4 and 5
has_related_synonym: foot distal tarsal bone 4 and 5
has_related_synonym: os cuboideum
has_related_synonym: os tarsale IV et V
id: UBERON:0001455
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: distal tarsal bone

muscle of shoulder
type: Class
definition: Any muscle organ that is part of a shoulder [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:36154
database_cross_reference: FMA:33531
database_cross_reference: MA:0000633
has_exact_synonym: muscle organ of shoulder
has_exact_synonym: shoulder muscle
has_exact_synonym: shoulder muscle organ
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001482
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: musculature of shoulder
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002131
  some values from: UBERON_0001467
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002371
  some values from: shoulder bone
subclass of: UBERON_0014892
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0002371
    some values from: shoulder bone

articular capsule
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

ulnar nerve
type: Class
definition: A nerve which runs near the ulna bone.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
has_alternative_id: UBERON:0005668
database_cross_reference: EHDAA2:0002099
database_cross_reference: EHDAA:5652
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:17279
database_cross_reference: FMA:37319
database_cross_reference: GAID:846
database_cross_reference: MA:0001174
database_cross_reference: MESH:D014459
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C52807
database_cross_reference: SCTID:181012009
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0041602
database_cross_reference: VHOG:0000922
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Ulnar_nerve
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: nervus ulnaris
id: UBERON:0001494
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001460
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: brachial nerve plexus
subclass of: arm nerve

muscle of pelvic girdle
type: Class
definition: Any muscle organ that is part of a pelvic girdle [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
external_ontology_notes: Note that in MA, this is a subclass of pelvis muscle; in FMA this is a hindlimb muscle, but recall in FMA hindlimb includes the girdle.
has_alternative_id: UBERON:0003271
database_cross_reference: EHDAA:8326
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:18185
database_cross_reference: FMA:37367
database_cross_reference: MA:0000537
database_cross_reference: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001430
has_exact_synonym: girdle-pelvic muscle organ
has_exact_synonym: muscle organ of girdle-pelvic
has_exact_synonym: muscle organ of pelvic girdle
has_exact_synonym: muscle organ of pelvic girdle bone
has_exact_synonym: pelvic girdle muscle
has_exact_synonym: pelvic girdle muscle organ
has_exact_synonym: pelvic girdle skeletal muscle
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001497
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001271
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: musculature of pelvic girdle
subclass of: muscle of pelvis
subclass of: pelvic complex muscle
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001271

muscle of arm
type: Class
definition: A muscle organ that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
terminology_notes: See notes on UBERON:0001460 for possible terminological confusion over term 'arm'. MA uses this consistent with uberon (forelimb muscle is subdivided into shoulder, arm and hand)
has_alternative_id: UBERON:0003272
database_cross_reference: EHDAA:8277
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:36053
database_cross_reference: MA:0000594
database_cross_reference: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000142
has_exact_synonym: arm muscle
has_exact_synonym: arm skeletal muscle
has_exact_synonym: arm skeletal muscle tissue
has_exact_synonym: muscle of upper arm or lower arm
has_exact_synonym: upper arm / lower arm muscle
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: arm muscle system
id: UBERON:0001499
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001460
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: musculature of arm
subclass of: forelimb muscle
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001460

flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
type: Class
definition: The flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (FCU) is a muscle of the human forearm that acts to flex and adduct the manus. [WP,unvetted].
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
external_ontology_notes: AAO has a class with the same name, the exact insertion point is unclear; consider grouping :Muscle which originates from the medial condyle of the humerus and inserts on the carpus. [AAO:0010734]
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:36198
database_cross_reference: FMA:38465
database_cross_reference: MA:0002298
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C53156
database_cross_reference: SCTID:244985003
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0224254
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Flexor_carpi_ulnaris_muscle
has_exact_synonym: flexor carpi ulnaris
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: musculus flexor carpi ulnaris
id: UBERON:0001522
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: flexor muscle
subclass of: forelimb zeugopod muscle

digestive tract
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

cheek
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

facial artery
type: Class
definition: A branch of the external carotid artery that supplies structures of the face. [WP,unvetted].
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:19213
database_cross_reference: FMA:49549
database_cross_reference: MA:0001950
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C32578
database_cross_reference: SCTID:181328007
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0226109
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Facial_artery
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: arteria maxillaris externa
has_related_synonym: external maxillary artery
id: UBERON:0001612
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: branch of external carotid artery

superficial temporal artery
type: Class
definition: A major artery of the head that arises from the external carotid artery when it bifurcates into the superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery. Its pulse is palpable superior to the zygomatic arch, anterior and superior to the tragus. [WP,unvetted].
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
database_cross_reference: BTO:0003747
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37118
database_cross_reference: FMA:49650
database_cross_reference: MA:0002062
database_cross_reference: SCTID:181325005
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Superficial_temporal_artery
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: arteria temporalis superficialis
id: UBERON:0001614
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: temporal artery
subclass of: branch of external carotid artery

occipital bone
type: Class
definition: The bone at the lower, posterior part of the skull.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
taxon_notes: formed from the sclerotome of the occipital somites. It is not present in living or fossil agnathans or cartilaginous fishes, but appears to have arisen in parallel in many bony fishes. Incorporation of the occipital ver- tebrae into the skull was associated with the annexation of the upper part of the spinal cord into the brain, together with the first 2 spinal nerves as cranial nerves XI and XII
taxon_notes: fusion of basi-, exo- and supra-occipitals (and maybe tabular)
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:25112
database_cross_reference: FMA:52735
database_cross_reference: GAID:227
database_cross_reference: MA:0001468
database_cross_reference: MESH:D009777
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C12757
database_cross_reference: SCTID:181796003
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0028784
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Occipital_bone
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: occipital complex
has_related_synonym: occipital squama
has_related_synonym: os occipitale
id: UBERON:0001676
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: neurocranium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: occipital region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002131
  some values from: chondrocranium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002131
  some values from: dermatocranium
subclass of: flat bone
subclass of: neurocranium bone

jugal bone
type: Class
definition: The quadrilateral bone that forms the prominence of the cheek.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
external_definition: The jugal is a skull bone found in most reptiles, amphibians, and birds. In mammals, the jugal is often called the malar or Zygomatic. It is connected to the quadratojugal and maxilla, as well as other bones, which may vary by species. This bone is considered key in the determination of general traits of the skull, in the case of creatures, as with dinosaurs in paleontology, whose entire skull has not been found[Wikipedia:Jugal_bone].
external_definition: The zygomatic bone is a paired dermal bone which articulates with the maxilla. In humans it also articulates with the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. The zygomatic is homologous to the jugal bone of other tetrapods. It is situated at the upper and lateral part of the face and forms the prominence of the cheek, part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, and parts of the temporal and infratemporal fossae. It presents a malar and a temporal surface; four processes, the frontosphenoidal, orbital, maxillary, and temporal; and four borders[WP,modified][Wikipedia:Zygomatic_bone].
homology_notes: (...) and the infraorbital bone 3 of advanced actinopterygians (is homologous) with the jugal bone of sarcopterygians.[well established][VHOG]
taxon_notes: In humans it also articulates with the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. The zygomatic is homologous to the jugal bone of other tetrapods. It is situated at the upper and lateral part of the face and forms the prominence of the cheek, part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, and parts of the temporal and infratemporal fossae. It presents a malar and a temporal surface; four processes, the frontosphenoidal, orbital, maxillary, and temporal; and four borders [Wikipedia:Zygomatic_bone, Wikipedia:Jugal_bone]
taxon_notes: vHOG says is homologous to infraorbital 3.
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:25111
database_cross_reference: FMA:52747
database_cross_reference: GAID:225
database_cross_reference: MA:0001497
database_cross_reference: MESH:D015050
database_cross_reference: MFMO:0000146
database_cross_reference: SCTID:272683001
database_cross_reference: VHOG:0001638
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Jugal_bone
has_exact_synonym: cheek bone
has_exact_synonym: malar bone
has_exact_synonym: orbital bone
has_exact_synonym: os zygomaticum
has_exact_synonym: zygomatic bone
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: jugal
has_related_synonym: jugal bone
has_related_synonym: jugale
has_related_synonym: os zygomaticum
has_related_synonym: os zygomaticus
has_related_synonym: zygoma
has_related_synonym: zygomatic
id: UBERON:0001683
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: cheek
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: dermatocranium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0011156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: preorbital bone region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002131
  some values from: orbit of skull
subclass of: facial bone
subclass of: UBERON_0008001
subclass of: dermal bone
subclass of: skeletal element of eye region
subclass of: UBERON_0015212

hyoid bone
type: Class
definition: A horseshoe shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. The hyoid bone provides attachment to the muscles of the floor of the mouth and the tongue above, the larynx below, and the epiglottis and pharynx behind. [WP,modified].
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
external_definition: Paired processes that extend posterolaterally from the posterior margin of the hyoid plate. These processes are the ossified posteromedial processes and invest the laryngeal apparatus.[AAO]
axiom_lost_from_external_ontology: relationship loss: part_of hyoid plate (AAO:0000664)[AAO]
taxon_notes: The hyoid bone is derived from the lower half of the second gill arch in fish, which separates the first gill slit from the spiracle. In many animals, it also incorporates elements of other gill arches, and has a correspondingly greater number of cornua. Amphibians and reptiles may have many cornua, while mammals (including humans) have two pairs, and birds only one. In birds, and some reptiles, the body of the hyoid is greatly extended forward, creating a solid bony support for the tongue. The howler monkey Alouatta has a pneumatized hyoid bone, one of the few cases of postcranial pneumatization of bones outside Saurischia.
database_cross_reference: AAO:0000684
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:18650
database_cross_reference: FMA:52749
database_cross_reference: GAID:197
database_cross_reference: MA:0001484
database_cross_reference: MESH:D006928
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C32752
database_cross_reference: SCTID:263352000
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0020417
database_cross_reference: VHOG:0001325
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: hyoid
has_related_synonym: hyoid bone
has_related_synonym: hyoideum
has_related_synonym: lingual bone
has_related_synonym: os hyoideum
id: UBERON:0001685
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0008895
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: hyoid apparatus
subclass of: UBERON_0008001

orbit of skull
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

lower jaw region
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

larynx
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

laryngeal cartilage
type: Class
definition: The cartilaginous structures that support the larynx.
imported from: uberon.owl
homology_notes: (In anura) a dorsal pair of arytenoid cartilages (...), which support vocal cords, and a ventral pair (often fused) of cricoid cartilage (...). These cartilages are regarded as derivatives of posterior visceral arches of ancestors. Together they constitute the larynx, a structure characteristic of tetrapods. (...) (In mammals) Paired arytenoid cartilages help support and control the vocal cords. The cricoid cartilage is single. Two additional cartilages are present that are lacking in other vertebrates: a large ventral thyroid cartilage (...) and a cartilage in the epiglottis.[well established][VHOG]
fma_set_term: FMA_64159
database_cross_reference: BTO:0003660
database_cross_reference: EHDAA:8157
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:18697
database_cross_reference: FMA:55108
database_cross_reference: GAID:107
database_cross_reference: MA:0001758
database_cross_reference: MESH:D007817
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C12281
database_cross_reference: SCTID:263482005
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0023050
database_cross_reference: VHOG:0001550
has_exact_synonym: cartilage of larynx
has_exact_synonym: cartilagines laryngeales
has_exact_synonym: larynx cartilage
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001739
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: larynx
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0008895
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: laryngeal apparatus
subclass of: cartilage of respiratory system
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: pharyngeal arch cartilage
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0007844
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: larynx

gingiva
type: Class
definition: The fibrous investing tissue, covered by keratinized epithelium, that immediately surrounds a tooth and is contiguous with its periodontal ligament and with the mucosal tissues of the mouth[Glossary of Periodontal Terms 2001].
editor note: FMA has a 3-level breakdown of jaws into: region, jaw (skeleton+gums), skeleton.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
has_relational_adjective: gingival
database_cross_reference: BTO:0000519
database_cross_reference: CALOHA:TS-2074
database_cross_reference: EFO:0001925
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:35945
database_cross_reference: EV:0100064
database_cross_reference: FMA:59762
database_cross_reference: GAID:1257
database_cross_reference: MA:0000342
database_cross_reference: MESH:D005881
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C32677
database_cross_reference: SCTID:181224006
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0017562
database_cross_reference: VHOG:0001269
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Gingiva
database_cross_reference: galen:Gingiva
has_exact_synonym: gum
has_exact_synonym: gum tissue
has_exact_synonym: gums
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: gingival mucosa
id: UBERON:0001828
in_subset: efo slim
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0003729
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: jaw region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002220
  some values from: alveolar ridge
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002220
  some values from: periodontal ligament
subclass of: UBERON_0003729

lobule of pinna
type: Class
definition: The soft lower part of the external ear, projecting below the antitragus.
imported from: uberon.owl
structure_notes: The earlobe is composed of tough areolar and adipose (fatty) connective tissues, lacking the firmness and elasticity of the rest of the pinna. Since the earlobe does not contain cartilage the earlobe has a large blood supply and may help to warm the ears and maintain balance but generally earlobes are not considered to have any major biological function.
database_cross_reference: FMA:60984
database_cross_reference: MA:0002468
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C32999
database_cross_reference: SCTID:362544006
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0229315
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Ear_lobe
has_exact_synonym: auricular lobule
has_exact_synonym: ear lobe
has_exact_synonym: earlobe
has_exact_synonym: lobe of ear
has_exact_synonym: lobule of auricle of ear
has_exact_synonym: lobulus auriculae
has_exact_synonym: pinna lobule
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: ear lobule
has_related_synonym: lobule of auricle
id: UBERON:0001847
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001757
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000051
  some values from: adipose tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000051
  some values from: areolar connective tissue
subclass of: UBERON_0034929

gluteal muscle
type: Class
definition: On of the muscles that make up the buttocks: the gluteus maximus muscle, gluteus medius muscle and gluteus minimus muscle.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
has_relational_adjective: gluteal
external_ontology_notes: FMA includes tensor fasciae latae and other buttock muscles. BTO def: Any one of three large skeletal muscles that form the buttock and move the thigh.
database_cross_reference: BTO:0000531
database_cross_reference: EHDAA2:0000715
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:18186
database_cross_reference: FMA:64922
database_cross_reference: MA:0000535
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C78205
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C1744702
database_cross_reference: VHOG:0001316
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Gluteal_muscles
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: gluteus
has_related_synonym: gluteus muscle
id: UBERON:0002000
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0013691
subclass of: muscle of pelvic girdle
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: muscle of pelvic girdle
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0013691

symphysis
type: Class
definition: Cartilaginous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by fibrocartilage. Examples: pubic symphysis, intervertebral symphysis, manubriosternal joint.[FMA].
editor note: consider adding fibrocartilage class
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37758
database_cross_reference: FMA:7498
database_cross_reference: MA:0001504
database_cross_reference: SCTID:1584001
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Symphysis
has_exact_synonym: secondary cartilaginous joint
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0002216
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: fibrous joint
subclass of: cartilaginous joint

proximal phalanx of manus
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

immune system
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

stylopod
type: Class
definition: The proximal free limb segment. Includes as parts the stylopod skeleton.
imported from: uberon.owl
mutually spatially disjoint with: UBERON_0002470
mutually spatially disjoint with: UBERON_0002471
has_relational_adjective: stylopodial
terminology_notes: Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group
has_broad_synonym: proximal part of limb
database_cross_reference: EFO:0000879
database_cross_reference: FMA:83014
database_cross_reference: MA:0002717
database_cross_reference: MAT:0000093
database_cross_reference: MIAA:0000093
has_exact_synonym: propodium
has_exact_synonym: proximal free limb segment
has_exact_synonym: stylopodial limb segment
has_exact_synonym: stylopodium
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: proximal segment of free limb
id: UBERON:0002472
in_subset: efo slim
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002101
subclass of: UBERON_0002529

bone tissue
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

gland
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: UBERON_0000062

anatomical cavity
type: Class
definition: Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_broad_synonym: cavity
database_cross_reference: BIRNLEX:1011
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37442
database_cross_reference: FMA:67552
database_cross_reference: MA:0002447
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C34007
database_cross_reference: galen:Cavity
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0002553
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: upper level
subclass of: anatomical space

compound organ
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: UBERON_0000062

cranium
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

phalanx
type: Class
definition: Endochondral bones that are often elongate and arranged in rows of articulating elements, and form the visible part of the digits.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_relational_adjective: phalangeal
taxon_notes: In primates such as humans and monkeys, the thumb and big toe have two phalanges, while the other fingers and toes consist of three
database_cross_reference: CALOHA:TS-2211
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:32614
database_cross_reference: FMA:321661
database_cross_reference: MA:0000304
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C33317
database_cross_reference: SCTID:290029003
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0222682
database_cross_reference: VSAO:0000199
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Phalanx_bones
database_cross_reference: galen:Phalanx
has_exact_synonym: digit long bone
has_exact_synonym: long bone of digit
has_exact_synonym: phalange
has_exact_synonym: phalanges
has_exact_synonym: phalanx bone
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0003221
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: individual digit of digitopodial skeleton
subclass of: UBERON_0003606
subclass of: UBERON_0012357
subclass of: UBERON_0015023

skeleton of lower jaw
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

head bone
type: Class
definition: A bone that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:35996
database_cross_reference: MA:0000576
database_cross_reference: SCTID:118646007
has_exact_synonym: adult head bone
has_exact_synonym: adult head bone organ
has_exact_synonym: bone of adult head
has_exact_synonym: bone of head
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of adult head
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of head
has_exact_synonym: head bone organ
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: craniofacial bone
id: UBERON:0003457
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
comment: Different sources vary regarding which bones are craniofacial; e.g. hyoid bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0000033
subclass of: bone of craniocervical region
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001474
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000033

arm bone
type: Class
definition: A bone that is part of the region of the forelimb that includes the zeugopod and stylopod. Examples: patella, femur, tibia.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37303
database_cross_reference: MA:0000592
database_cross_reference: MESH:D050280
has_exact_synonym: arm bone organ
has_exact_synonym: bone of arm
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of arm
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: bone of upper extremity
id: UBERON:0003460
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001440
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001460
subclass of: UBERON_0008962
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001474
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001460

trunk bone
type: Class
definition: A bone that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:36583
database_cross_reference: MA:0000512
database_cross_reference: SCTID:427358002
has_exact_synonym: bone of torso
has_exact_synonym: bone of trunk
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of torso
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of trunk
has_exact_synonym: torso bone
has_exact_synonym: torso bone organ
has_exact_synonym: trunk bone organ
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0003463
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002100
subclass of: UBERON_0001474
subclass of: UBERON_0005177
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001474
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002100

forelimb zeugopod bone
type: Class
definition: A bone that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:35347
database_cross_reference: MA:0000598
has_exact_synonym: antebrachial region bone
has_exact_synonym: antebrachial region bone organ
has_exact_synonym: arm zeugopod bone
has_exact_synonym: arm zeugopod bone organ
has_exact_synonym: lower arm bone
has_exact_synonym: zeugopod bone, forelimb
has_exact_synonym: zeugopod bone, upper
has_narrow_synonym: wing zeugopod bone
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0003466
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0010703
subclass of: arm bone
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001474
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002386

leg connective tissue
type: Class
definition: A portion of connective tissue that is part of a leg [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37324
database_cross_reference: MA:0000671
has_exact_synonym: connective tissue of leg
has_exact_synonym: leg portion of connective tissue
has_exact_synonym: leg textus connectivus
has_exact_synonym: portion of connective tissue of leg
has_exact_synonym: textus connectivus of leg
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0003569
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0000978
subclass of: hindlimb connective tissue
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002384
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000978

limb connective tissue
type: Class
definition: A portion of connective tissue that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37313
database_cross_reference: MA:0000689
has_exact_synonym: connective tissue of limb
has_exact_synonym: limb portion of connective tissue
has_exact_synonym: limb textus connectivus
has_exact_synonym: portion of connective tissue of limb
has_exact_synonym: textus connectivus of limb
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0003587
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002101
subclass of: UBERON_0002384
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002384
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002101

hindlimb muscle
type: Class
definition: Any muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
database_cross_reference: AAO:0000222
database_cross_reference: EFO:0001928
database_cross_reference: FMA:37368
has_exact_synonym: free lower limb muscle
has_exact_synonym: hind limb muscle organ
has_exact_synonym: hindlimb muscle organ
has_exact_synonym: inferior member muscle organ
has_exact_synonym: lower extremity muscle organ
has_exact_synonym: lower limb skeletal muscle
has_exact_synonym: muscle of free lower limb
has_exact_synonym: muscle of posterior limb
has_exact_synonym: muscle organ of hind limb
has_exact_synonym: muscle organ of hindlimb
has_exact_synonym: muscle organ of inferior member
has_exact_synonym: muscle organ of lower extremity
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0003663
in_subset: efo slim
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002103
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: musculature of lower limb
subclass of: limb muscle
subclass of: pelvic appendage muscle
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002103

abdominal segment bone
type: Class
definition: A bone that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37058
database_cross_reference: MA:0000525
has_exact_synonym: abdominal segment of trunk bone
has_exact_synonym: abdominal segment of trunk bone organ
has_exact_synonym: bone of abdominal segment of trunk
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of abdominal segment of trunk
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0003828
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002417
subclass of: trunk bone
subclass of: UBERON_0005173
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001474
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002417

autopod joint
type: Class
definition: A limb joint that is part of an autopod [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:35160
database_cross_reference: MA:0002715
has_exact_synonym: autopod joint of limb
has_exact_synonym: autopod limb joint
has_exact_synonym: distal free limb segment joint of limb
has_exact_synonym: distal free limb segment limb joint
has_exact_synonym: joint of limb of autopod
has_exact_synonym: joint of limb of distal free limb segment
has_exact_synonym: limb joint of autopod
has_exact_synonym: limb joint of distal free limb segment
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: paw joint
id: UBERON:0003841
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002470
subclass of: UBERON_0003657
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0000982
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002470

distal phalanx of pes
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

genital labium
type: Class
definition: One of the folds of skin which form the inner lips (labia minora) and outer lips (labia majora) on both sides of the vaginal opening.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_relational_adjective: labial
database_cross_reference: CALOHA:TS-2210
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:30837
database_cross_reference: FMA:321903
database_cross_reference: MA:0002464
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C52559
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0227759
database_cross_reference: galen:Labia
has_exact_synonym: genital labia
has_exact_synonym: labia
has_exact_synonym: labium
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0004084
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: mammalian vulva
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: skin of external genitalia

external genitalia
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

hindlimb zeugopod bone
type: Class
definition: A bone that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
implements_design_pattern: https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Skeleton-partonomy-Design-Pattern
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:35519
database_cross_reference: MA:0000676
has_exact_synonym: bone of hind limb middle limb segment
has_exact_synonym: bone of hind limb zeugopod
has_exact_synonym: bone of hindlimb middle limb segment
has_exact_synonym: bone of hindlimb zeugopod
has_exact_synonym: bone of inferior member middle limb segment
has_exact_synonym: bone of inferior member zeugopod
has_exact_synonym: bone of intermediate segment of free lower limb
has_exact_synonym: bone of lower extremity middle limb segment
has_exact_synonym: bone of lower extremity zeugopod
has_exact_synonym: bone of lower leg
has_exact_synonym: bone of middle limb segment of hind limb
has_exact_synonym: bone of middle limb segment of hindlimb
has_exact_synonym: bone of middle limb segment of inferior member
has_exact_synonym: bone of middle limb segment of lower extremity
has_exact_synonym: bone of zeugopod of hind limb
has_exact_synonym: bone of zeugopod of hindlimb
has_exact_synonym: bone of zeugopod of inferior member
has_exact_synonym: bone of zeugopod of leg
has_exact_synonym: bone of zeugopod of lower extremity
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of hind limb middle limb segment
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of hind limb zeugopod
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of hindlimb middle limb segment
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of hindlimb zeugopod
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of inferior member middle limb segment
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of inferior member zeugopod
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of intermediate segment of free lower limb
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of lower extremity middle limb segment
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of lower extremity zeugopod
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of lower leg
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of middle limb segment of hind limb
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of middle limb segment of hindlimb
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of middle limb segment of inferior member
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of middle limb segment of lower extremity
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of zeugopod of hind limb
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of zeugopod of hindlimb
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of zeugopod of inferior member
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of zeugopod of leg
has_exact_synonym: bone organ of zeugopod of lower extremity
has_exact_synonym: hind limb middle limb segment bone
has_exact_synonym: hind limb middle limb segment bone organ
has_exact_synonym: hind limb zeugopod bone
has_exact_synonym: hind limb zeugopod bone organ
has_exact_synonym: hindlimb middle limb segment bone
has_exact_synonym: hindlimb middle limb segment bone organ
has_exact_synonym: hindlimb zeugopod bone
has_exact_synonym: hindlimb zeugopod bone organ
has_exact_synonym: inferior member middle limb segment bone
has_exact_synonym: inferior member middle limb segment bone organ
has_exact_synonym: inferior member zeugopod bone
has_exact_synonym: inferior member zeugopod bone organ
has_exact_synonym: intermediate segment of free lower limb bone
has_exact_synonym: intermediate segment of free lower limb bone organ
has_exact_synonym: lower extremity middle limb segment bone
has_exact_synonym: lower extremity middle limb segment bone organ
has_exact_synonym: lower extremity zeugopod bone
has_exact_synonym: lower extremity zeugopod bone organ
has_exact_synonym: lower leg bone
has_exact_synonym: middle limb segment of hind limb bone
has_exact_synonym: middle limb segment of hind limb bone organ
has_exact_synonym: middle limb segment of hindlimb bone
has_exact_synonym: middle limb segment of hindlimb bone organ
has_exact_synonym: middle limb segment of inferior member bone
has_exact_synonym: middle limb segment of inferior member bone organ
has_exact_synonym: middle limb segment of lower extremity bone
has_exact_synonym: middle limb segment of lower extremity bone organ
has_exact_synonym: zeugopod of hind limb bone
has_exact_synonym: zeugopod of hind limb bone organ
has_exact_synonym: zeugopod of hindlimb bone
has_exact_synonym: zeugopod of hindlimb bone organ
has_exact_synonym: zeugopod of inferior member bone
has_exact_synonym: zeugopod of inferior member bone organ
has_exact_synonym: zeugopod of leg bone
has_exact_synonym: zeugopod of leg bone organ

forelimb zeugopod muscle
type: Class
definition: Any muscle organ that is part of a forelimb zeugopod (lower arm)[Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:32622
database_cross_reference: FMA:37371
database_cross_reference: MA:0000600
database_cross_reference: SCTID:181631004
has_exact_synonym: forearm muscle
has_exact_synonym: lower arm muscle
has_exact_synonym: muscle of forearm
has_narrow_synonym: wing zeugopod muscle
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0004254
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: musculature of forelimb zeugopod
subclass of: muscle of arm
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002386

distal phalanx of pedal digit 2
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

proximal phalanx of manual digit 5
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

skeleton of limb
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

distal epiphysis of radius
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

trunk or cervical vertebra
type: Class
definition: A vertebra in the trunk or cervical region. Includes all cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, but excludes caudal vertebra.
imported from: uberon.owl
taxon_notes: In humans, there are 24 presacral vertebrae (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar)
external_ontology_notes: it's not clear if the XAO class belongs here or below
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37722
database_cross_reference: MA:0002869
database_cross_reference: XAO:0003077
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: presacral vertebra
id: UBERON:0004451
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: anterior to
  some values from: caudal vertebra
subclass of: UBERON_0002412
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002412
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: anterior to
    some values from: caudal vertebra
equivalent class: Class
  union of: cervical vertebra
  union of: trunk vertebra

bony projection
type: Class
definition: Anatomical projection that is composed of bone tissue.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: FMA:75433
database_cross_reference: ZFA:0001637
has_exact_synonym: bone process
has_exact_synonym: projection of bone
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: bony projections
id: UBERON:0004530
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: vertebrate core
subclass of: UBERON_4100000

cardiovascular system
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

systemic arterial system
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

rib 2
type: Class
definition: The second rib of the rib cage.
curator note: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
rib number: 2
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:19530
database_cross_reference: FMA:7620
database_cross_reference: MA:0001402
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C52766
database_cross_reference: SCTID:244656007
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C1709949
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Second_rib
has_exact_synonym: costa II
has_exact_synonym: costa secunda (II)
has_exact_synonym: costa secunda [II]
has_exact_synonym: second rib
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: costa secunda
id: UBERON:0004602
in_subset: defined by ordinal series
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: UBERON_0002228

rib 12
type: Class
definition: In humans: The twelfth rib has a single articular facet on the head, which is of rather large size. It has no necks or tubercles, and is pointed at its anterior ends. The twelfth has angle nor costal groove; it is much shorter than the eleventh rib, and its head is inclined slightly downward. Sometimes the twelfth rib is even shorter than the first rib. [WP,unvetted].
curator note: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
rib number: 12
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:19540
database_cross_reference: FMA:8515
database_cross_reference: MA:0001412
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C52767
database_cross_reference: SCTID:244667008
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C1709948
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Twelfth_rib
has_exact_synonym: costa XII
has_exact_synonym: twelfth rib
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0004611
in_subset: defined by ordinal series
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: UBERON_0002228

sacral vertebra 2
type: Class
curator note: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:19589
database_cross_reference: FMA:13078
database_cross_reference: MA:0001435
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C33499
database_cross_reference: SCTID:181847000
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0223599
has_exact_synonym: S2 vertebra
has_exact_synonym: second sacral segment
has_exact_synonym: second sacral vertebra
has_exact_synonym: second segment of sacrum
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0004623
in_subset: defined by ordinal series
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: sacral vertebra

pelvic appendage
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pectoral appendage
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

articular system
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

orbital cavity
type: Class
definition: Anatomical cavity bounded by the orbital region of the cranium and forming the location of some or all of the eye.
imported from: uberon.owl
external_ontology_notes: note that the AAO and ZFA class is a cavity
database_cross_reference: AAO:0000343
database_cross_reference: FMA:84961
database_cross_reference: SCTID:280541000
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Orbit_(anatomy)
database_cross_reference: ZFA:0005558
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: orbit
id: UBERON:0004867
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: orbit of skull
subclass of: anatomical cavity

pelvic region element
type: Class
definition: An organ or element that is part of the pelvic region. Examples: reproductive organs (in some organisms), urinary bladder, bones of the pelvis.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37275
database_cross_reference: MA:0000543
has_exact_synonym: pelvic element
has_exact_synonym: pelvis organ
has_exact_synonym: pelvis region organ
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0005179
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: non informative
in_subset: organ slim
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002355
subclass of: UBERON_0005173
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0000062
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002355

alimentary part of gastrointestinal system
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

inner canthus
type: Class
definition: A corner of the medial (inner) part of an eye.
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: The angle at the end of the palpebral fissure, the slit between the eyelids, close to the nose. [ISBN:0124020607, p.263][VHOG]
database_cross_reference: EHDAA2:0000829
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:17830
database_cross_reference: FMA:59316
database_cross_reference: MA:0001262
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C49564
database_cross_reference: SCTID:362526003
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C1708516
database_cross_reference: VHOG:0000829
has_exact_synonym: medial palpebral commissure
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: inner canthi
has_related_synonym: medial canthus
has_related_synonym: medial canthus of eye
has_related_synonym: nasal canthus
id: UBERON:0005611
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: canthus
subclass of: UBERON_0015212

olfactory system
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

bone foramen
type: Class
definition: Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone, usually for passage of blood vessels or nerves.
imported from: uberon.owl
external_ontology_notes: in FMA and ZFA this is a conduit space, not a conduit. Note there may be some additional disambiguation required: foramen is used loosely in the sense of any opening (e.g. foramen primum). FMA appears to use cranial conduit (undefined) in the sense of any foramen of the skull (includes mental foramen, which is not in the cranium proper).
has_broad_synonym: foramen
database_cross_reference: AAO:0010438
database_cross_reference: TAO:0001736
database_cross_reference: VHOG:0001760
database_cross_reference: ZFA:0005386
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0005744
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: vertebrate core
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001474
subclass of: UBERON_0004111
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0004111
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001474

autopodial extension
type: Class
definition: A subdivision of the autopod that corresponds to one or more bones arranged in series branching from the main limb axis.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: digit or predigit
has_related_synonym: limb outgrowth
id: UBERON:0005881
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
comment: encompasses digits and prepollex. requires review
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002470
subclass of: UBERON_0000475

pes bone
type: Class
definition: A bone that is part of the pes skeleton.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
implements_design_pattern: https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Skeleton-partonomy-Design-Pattern
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:35354
database_cross_reference: GAID:192
database_cross_reference: MA:0000643
database_cross_reference: MESH:D005529
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C13068
database_cross_reference: SCTID:361371005
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0016505
has_exact_synonym: bone of foor proper or tarsal skeleton
has_exact_synonym: bone of foot
has_exact_synonym: bone of pedal skeleton
has_exact_synonym: bone of pes
has_exact_synonym: foot bone
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0005899
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: skeleton of pes
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: UBERON_0003464
subclass of: UBERON_0011250
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001474
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002387

external naris
type: Class
definition: A naris that provides one of the small external openings of the head that give passage to air for breathing.
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: Hole on the nasal capsule that connects the nasal cavity with the exterior.[AAO]
axiom_lost_from_external_ontology: relationship loss: subclass nasal opening (AAO:0000316)[AAO]
homology_notes: In a tetrapod, the nasal sac has an external naris (homologous with the anterior naris of the fish) (...).[well established][VHOG]
taxon_notes: Fish have two pairs of external nostrils.
has_broad_synonym: naris
database_cross_reference: AAO:0000024
database_cross_reference: AAO:0000983
database_cross_reference: AAO:0010358
database_cross_reference: EHDAA2:0001275
database_cross_reference: EHDAA:9085
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:17848
database_cross_reference: FMA:59645
database_cross_reference: MA:0001320
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C33178
database_cross_reference: SCTID:276165005
database_cross_reference: TAO:0000550
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0595944
database_cross_reference: VHOG:0000544
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Nostril
database_cross_reference: XAO:0003033
database_cross_reference: ZFA:0000550
has_exact_synonym: external nares
has_exact_synonym: nostril
has_narrow_synonym: blowhole
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: anterior nares
has_related_synonym: anterior naris
id: UBERON:0005928
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
in_subset: vertebrate core
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: nose
subclass of: naris
subclass of: surface structure
subclass of: UBERON_0004121

process of vertebra
type: Class
definition: A process projection from a part of the vertebra such as centrum or arches. Examples: transverse process, diapophyses, parapophyses, and zygapophyses (both the cranial zygapophyses and the caudal zygapophyses).
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: AAO:0000739
database_cross_reference: FMA:24530
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Vertebral_column#Structure_of_individual_vertebrae
has_exact_synonym: vertebra process
has_exact_synonym: vertebral process
has_narrow_synonym: spinous process
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0006061
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002412
subclass of: UBERON_4100000

cervical region of vertebral column
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

thoracic region of vertebral column
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

lumbar region of vertebral column
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

sacral region of vertebral column
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

coracoid process of scapula
type: Class
definition: A process of the scapula in most mammals representing the remnant of the coracoid bone of lower vertebrates thas has become fused with the scapula.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
external_definition: The coracoid process is a small hook-like structure on the lateral edge of the superior anterior portion of the scapula. Pointing laterally forward, it, together with the acromion, serves to stabilize the shoulder joint. It is palpable in the deltopectoral groove between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles. It is the site of attachment for several structures: * The pectoralis minor muscle - to 3rd to 5th ribs. * The short head of biceps brachii muscle - to Radial tuberosity. * The coracobrachialis muscle - to medial humerus. * The coracoclavicular ligament - to the clavicle. (The ligament is formed by the conoid ligament and trapezoid ligament.) * The coracoacromial ligament - to the acromion[WP][Wikipedia:Coracoid_process].
taxon_notes: In humans is situated on its superior border and serves for the attachment of various muscles
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:25121
database_cross_reference: FMA:13455
database_cross_reference: SCTID:181912007
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Coracoid_process
has_exact_synonym: coracoid process
has_exact_synonym: coracoid process of the scapula
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: processus coracoideus
id: UBERON:0006633
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0006849
subclass of: UBERON_0005913

canthus
type: Class
definition: A canthus is a corner of the eye where the upper and lower eyelids meet. The bicanthal plane is the transversal plane linking both canthi and defines the upper boundary of the midface.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_relational_adjective: canthal
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37457
database_cross_reference: FMA:59222
database_cross_reference: SCTID:181145006
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Canthus
has_exact_synonym: palpebral commissure
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: angle of eye
has_related_synonym: bicanthal
has_related_synonym: bicanthal plane
has_related_synonym: canthi
has_related_synonym: canthoplasty
has_related_synonym: canthorum
has_related_synonym: canthus (anatomy)
has_related_synonym: canthus of eye
id: UBERON:0006742
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0000019
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001456
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: anatomical junction

anatomical point
type: Class
definition: Non-material anatomical entity of zero dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical line or surface.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon_33090
present in taxon: NCBITaxon_33208
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 4751
database_cross_reference: AAO:0010266
database_cross_reference: AEO:0000009
database_cross_reference: BILA:0000009
database_cross_reference: CARO:0000009
database_cross_reference: EHDAA2:0003009
database_cross_reference: FMA:9658
database_cross_reference: TAO:0001839
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0006983
in_subset: common anatomy
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: upper level
subclass of: UBERON_0000466

anatomical junction
type: Class
definition: An anatomical structure that connects two structures.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon_33090
present in taxon: NCBITaxon_33208
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 4751
has_broad_synonym: junction
database_cross_reference: FMA:5898
database_cross_reference: SCTID:91833003
has_exact_synonym: anatomical junction
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0007651
in_subset: common anatomy
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: upper level
subclass of: UBERON_0000061

metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 4
type: Class
definition: A skeletal joint that connects a metacarpal bone and connects a proximal phalanx of manual digit 4.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:25066
database_cross_reference: FMA:35258
database_cross_reference: SCTID:361847008
has_exact_synonym: metacarpophalangeal joint of digit 4
has_exact_synonym: metacarpophalangeal joint of fourth digit of hand
has_exact_synonym: metacarpophalangeal joint of fourth finger
has_exact_synonym: metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit IV
has_narrow_synonym: carpometacarpophalangeal joint of fourth digit
has_narrow_synonym: metacarpo-phalangeal joint of digit 4 of fore-paw
has_narrow_synonym: metacarpophalangeal joint of ring finger
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0007744
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0003624
subclass of: UBERON_0003695

metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 5
type: Class
definition: A skeletal joint that connects a metacarpal bone and connects a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:25069
database_cross_reference: FMA:35261
database_cross_reference: SCTID:361848003
has_exact_synonym: metacarpophalangeal joint of digit 5
has_exact_synonym: metacarpophalangeal joint of fifth digit of hand
has_exact_synonym: metacarpophalangeal joint of fifth finger
has_exact_synonym: metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit V
has_narrow_synonym: metacarpo-phalangeal joint of digit 5 of fore-paw
has_narrow_synonym: metacarpophalangeal joint of little finger
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0007747
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0003625
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002176
  some values from: UBERON_0002374
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002176
  some values from: proximal phalanx of manual digit 5
subclass of: UBERON_0003695
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0000982
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0002176
    some values from: UBERON_0002374
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0002176
    some values from: proximal phalanx of manual digit 5

metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 2
type: Class
definition: A skeletal joint that connects a metatarsal bone and connects a distal phalanx of pedal digit 2.
imported from: uberon.owl
external_ontology_notes: the name of the structure in EMAPA is incorrect
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:26442
database_cross_reference: FMA:35231
database_cross_reference: SCTID:361869001
has_exact_synonym: metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit II
has_exact_synonym: metatarsophalangeal joint of second digit of foot
has_narrow_synonym: metatarsophalangeal joint of second toe
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0007753
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0003632
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002176
  some values from: UBERON_0001448
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002176
  some values from: distal phalanx of pedal digit 2
subclass of: UBERON_0003696
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0000982
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0002176
    some values from: UBERON_0001448
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0002176
    some values from: distal phalanx of pedal digit 2

metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 4
type: Class
definition: A skeletal joint that connects a metatarsal bone and connects a distal phalanx of pedal digit 4.
imported from: uberon.owl
external_ontology_notes: the name of the structure in EMAPA is incorrect
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:26472
database_cross_reference: FMA:35237
database_cross_reference: SCTID:361871001
has_exact_synonym: metatarsophalangeal joint of fourth digit of foot
has_exact_synonym: metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit IV
has_narrow_synonym: metatarsophalangeal joint of fourth toe
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0007759
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0003634
subclass of: UBERON_0003696

external nose
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pectoral girdle bone
type: Class
definition: A bone that is part of a pectoral girdle region.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:35669
database_cross_reference: MA:0000292
has_exact_synonym: bone of pectoral girdle
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0007829
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: vertebrate core
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001421
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0007831
subclass of: girdle bone/zone
subclass of: bone of pectoral complex
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001474
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001421

joint of girdle
type: Class
definition: A skeletal joint that is part of a appendage girdle region.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: MA:0001505
has_exact_synonym: girdle joint
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0008114
in_subset: grouping class
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0007823
subclass of: UBERON_0000982
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0000982
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007823

forehead
type: Class
definition: The part of the face above the eyes[MESH]. In human anatomy, the forehead is the fore part of the head. It is, formally, an area of the head bounded by three features, two of the skull and one of the scalp. The top of the forehead is marked by the hairline, the edge of the area where hair on the scalp grows. The bottom of the forehead is marked by the supraorbital ridge, the bone feature of the skull above the eyes. The two sides of the forehead are marked by the temporal ridge, a bone feature that links the supraorbital ridge to the coronal suture line and beyond[WP].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37869
database_cross_reference: FMA:63864
database_cross_reference: GAID:74
database_cross_reference: MESH:D005546
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C89803
database_cross_reference: SCTID:362614004
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0016540
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Forehead
database_cross_reference: galen:Forehead
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: fore head
has_related_synonym: sinciput
id: UBERON:0008200
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001456
subclass of: UBERON_0001444

plantar part of pes
type: Class
definition: The sole is the bottom of the foot.
imported from: uberon.owl
taxon_notes: In humans is the sole of the foot anatomically referred to as the plantar aspect. The equivalent surface in ungulates is the hoof
database_cross_reference: BTO:0005078
database_cross_reference: CALOHA:TS-0379
database_cross_reference: FMA:25000
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C33326
database_cross_reference: SCTID:57999000
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0230463
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Sole_(foot)
database_cross_reference: galen:SoleOfFoot
has_exact_synonym: planta
has_exact_synonym: plantar part of foot
has_exact_synonym: plantar region
has_exact_synonym: regio plantaris
has_exact_synonym: sole
has_exact_synonym: sole of foot
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: pelma
has_related_synonym: planta
has_related_synonym: sole of foot
has_related_synonym: sole of the foot
has_related_synonym: soles of the feet
id: UBERON:0008338
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: segment of pes
subclass of: palmar/plantar part of autopod
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: palmar/plantar part of autopod
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002387

proximal epiphysis of tibia
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

skeletal ligament
type: Class
definition: Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements[VSAO,modified].
editor note: logical definition deliberately made strict to avoid classifying MA:spiral ligament as both nonskeletal and skeletal. see https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/71
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ.[VSAO]
external_definition: Ligament organ that primarily consists of regular dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi; connects bone and cartilage organs. Examples: sutural ligament, ligament of pinna, tarsal ligament[FMA:25624].
has_broad_synonym: ligament
database_cross_reference: AAO:0010444
database_cross_reference: AEO:0000090
database_cross_reference: CALOHA:TS-2146
database_cross_reference: EHDAA2:0003232
database_cross_reference: EV:0100144
database_cross_reference: FMA:25624
database_cross_reference: GAID:118
database_cross_reference: MA:0003005
database_cross_reference: SCTID:410744003
database_cross_reference: VSAO:0000072
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Ligament#Articular_ligaments
has_exact_synonym: articular larua
has_exact_synonym: articular ligament
has_exact_synonym: true ligament
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0008846
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001434
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000051
  some values from: fibroblast
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000051
  some values from: extracellular matrix secreting cell
subclass of: ligament

dermal bone
type: Class
definition: Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm[VSAO].
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: Intramembranous bone that forms superficially in the organism.[TAO]
external_ontology_notes: other AOs are not yet in sync with this classification
database_cross_reference: AAO:0010769
database_cross_reference: TAO:0001590
database_cross_reference: VSAO:0000130
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Dermal_bone
database_cross_reference: XAO:0004015
database_cross_reference: ZFA:0001590
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: dermal bones
id: UBERON:0008907
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: dermal skeleton
subclass of: dermal skeletal element
subclass of: membrane bone
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001474
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: dermal skeleton

axilla
type: Class
definition: The axilla is the area directly under the joint where the forelimb connects to the shoulder.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_relational_adjective: axillary
database_cross_reference: CALOHA:TS-2208
database_cross_reference: EFO:0001395
database_cross_reference: FMA:24864
database_cross_reference: MESH:D001365
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C12674
database_cross_reference: SCTID:362732006
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0004454
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Axilla
database_cross_reference: galen:Axilla
has_exact_synonym: arm pit
has_exact_synonym: armpit
has_exact_synonym: axillary region
has_exact_synonym: regio axillaris
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: armpits
has_related_synonym: axilla
has_related_synonym: axillae
has_related_synonym: axillary region
has_related_synonym: oxter
has_related_synonym: underarm
id: UBERON:0009472
in_subset: efo slim
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001421
subclass of: UBERON_0034929

distal segment of digit
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

epicondyle
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
has_relational_adjective: epicondylar
database_cross_reference: FMA:75435
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C69300
database_cross_reference: SCTID:333209006
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0222681
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Epicondyle
database_cross_reference: galen:Epicondyle
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: epicondylus
id: UBERON:0009978
in_subset: grouping class
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
comment: grouping class that collected the entepicondyles and epicondyles icondyles of humerus and femur
subclass of: UBERON_0005913

trunk of common carotid artery
type: Class
definition: The initial part of the entire common carotid artery ending with the point where the artery bifurcates into an external carotid artery and an internal carotid artery.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EHDAA2:0000306
database_cross_reference: FMA:69323
has_exact_synonym: common carotid arterial trunk
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: common carotid artery
id: UBERON:0010197
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: common carotid artery plus branches
subclass of: carotid artery segment

laryngeal apparatus
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

eyeball of camera-type eye
type: Class
definition: The core globe-shaped component of the camera-type eye.
curator note: See notes for camera-type eye
imported from: uberon.owl
fma_set_term: FMA_264089
database_cross_reference: FMA:12513
database_cross_reference: MIAA:0000283
database_cross_reference: SCTID:244486005
database_cross_reference: VHOG:0001616
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Globe_(human_eye)
has_exact_synonym: bulbus oculi
has_exact_synonym: eye globe
has_exact_synonym: eyeball
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: eye
has_related_synonym: globe
id: UBERON:0010230
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0000019
subclass of: sense organ
subclass of: UBERON_0004121

cranial skeletal system
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

dermal skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

metacarpus skeleton
type: Class
definition: The metacarpus is the intermediate part of the manus skeleton that is located between the phalanges (bones of the fingers) distally and the carpus which forms the connection to the forearm. The metacarpus consists of metacarpal bones. The metacarpals form a transverse arch to which the rigid row of distal carpal bones are fixed. The peripheral metacarpals (those of the thumb and little finger) form the sides of the cup of the palmar gutter and as they are brought together they deepen this concavity. The index metacarpal is the most firmly fixed, while the thumb metacarpal articulates with the trapezium and acts independently from the others. The middle metacarpals are tightly united to the carpus by intrinsic interlocking bone elements at their bases. The ring metacarpal forms a transitional element of the semi-independent last metacarpal. [WP,unvetted].
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: Segment of the forearm corresponding to the metacarpus, which articulates with the carpals at one end and with the phalanges at the other end.[AAO]
database_cross_reference: AAO:0000946
database_cross_reference: FMA:71336
database_cross_reference: MESH:D050279
database_cross_reference: VSAO:0005026
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Metacarpus
database_cross_reference: XAO:0003208
has_exact_synonym: anterior metapodial skeleton
has_exact_synonym: metacarpal bones
has_exact_synonym: metacarpal skeleton
has_exact_synonym: metacarpals [I-V]
has_exact_synonym: metacarpals set
has_exact_synonym: ossa metacarpalia [I-V]
has_exact_synonym: ossa metacarpi [I-V]
has_exact_synonym: set of metacarpal bones
has_exact_synonym: set of metacarpals
has_exact_synonym: set of metacarpals [I-V]
has_exact_synonym: skeleton of metacarpus
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: anterior metapodium
has_related_synonym: fore metapodial skeleton
has_related_synonym: fore metapodium
has_related_synonym: metacarpalia
id: UBERON:0010544
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0004453
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: skeleton of manual digitopodium
subclass of: metapodial skeleton
subclass of: UBERON_0015042

metatarsus skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0015036

metapodial skeleton
type: Class
definition: Subdivision of skeleton that corresponds to metapodium region, between acropodial skeleton and mesopdoial skeleton.
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: Endochondral bone complex located between the mesopodium and the acropodium and consisting of the metacarpals or metatarsals.[VSAO]
axiom_lost_from_external_ontology: relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: connected_to subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO]
axiom_lost_from_external_ontology: relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: distally_connected_to subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO]
database_cross_reference: VSAO:0005025
has_exact_synonym: metacarpal/metatarsal skeleton
has_exact_synonym: metapodial skeleton
has_exact_synonym: metapodium skeleton
has_exact_synonym: skeletal parts of metapodium
has_exact_synonym: skeleton of metapodium
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: metapodium
id: UBERON:0010546
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0009877
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: skeleton of digitopodium
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: limb skeleton subdivision

distal tarsal bone
type: Class
definition: There are three cuneiform bones in the human foot: the medial cuneiform the intermediate cuneiform also known as the middle the lateral cuneiform. They are located between the navicular bone and the first, second and third metatarsal bones and are medial to the cuboid bone[WP, unvetted, human specific].
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: Series of elements that articulate with the metatarsals.[AAO]
database_cross_reference: AAO:0000914
database_cross_reference: FMA:24517
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C32416
database_cross_reference: SCTID:182102002
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C1511560
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Cuneiform_(anatomy)
has_exact_synonym: cuneiform bone
has_exact_synonym: distal tarsal
has_exact_synonym: distal tarsal bone
has_exact_synonym: os cuneiform
has_exact_synonym: os cuneiforme
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: cuneiform
id: UBERON:0010721
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0009879
subclass of: tarsal bone
subclass of: distal tarsal endochondral element
subclass of: distal mesopodial bone

subdivision of skeleton
type: Class
definition: Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements (i.e. bone elements, cartilage elements, cartilage condensations) that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. Excludes joints.
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements that are part of the skeleton.[VSAO]
database_cross_reference: FMA:23879
database_cross_reference: SCTID:129140006
database_cross_reference: VSAO:0000042
has_exact_synonym: skeletal subdivision
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: subdivision of skeleton (in vivo)
id: UBERON:0010912
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: non informative
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: subdivision of skeletal system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: skeleton
subclass of: organ system subdivision

craniocervical muscle
type: Class
definition: Any muscle organ that is part of either the head or the neck.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C32716
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0448281
has_exact_synonym: muscle of head or neck
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: muscle of head and neck
id: UBERON:0010959
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0007811
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: craniocervical region musculature
subclass of: UBERON_0014892
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0007811

adductor muscle of hip
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: BTO:0000030
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:19166
database_cross_reference: MA:0002267
database_cross_reference: SCTID:181670005
database_cross_reference: SCTID:368101007
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Adductor_muscles_of_the_hip
has_exact_synonym: adductor group (leg)
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: muscle of adductor group
id: UBERON:0011144
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0010709
subclass of: pelvic complex muscle
subclass of: adductor muscle
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: adductor muscle
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0010709

adductor muscle
type: Class
definition: A muscle capable of adduction. Adduction is a movement which brings a part of the anatomy closer to the middle sagittal plane of the body. It is opposed to abduction.
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: A muscle that brings a body part closer to the sagittal plane of the body.[TAO]
axiom_lost_from_external_ontology: relationship loss: subclass cranial muscle (TAO:0001953)[TAO]
external_ontology_notes: we place the TAO class here even though it is a cranial muscle; it is defined functionally
database_cross_reference: FMA:74998
database_cross_reference: TAO:0002136
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Adductor_muscle
database_cross_reference: ZFA:0005268
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: adductor
id: UBERON:0011145
in_subset: functional classification
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: UBERON_0014892

neurocranium bone
type: Class
definition: A bone that is part of a neurocranium [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:35238
database_cross_reference: MA:0001478
database_cross_reference: SCTID:120229002
has_exact_synonym: chondrocranium bone
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0011164
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: neurocranium
subclass of: head bone
subclass of: cranial bone
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001474
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: neurocranium

organ system subdivision
type: Class
definition: A subdivision of an anatomical system.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon_33090
present in taxon: NCBITaxon_33208
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 4751
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
database_cross_reference: FBbt:00007330
database_cross_reference: FMA:67509
database_cross_reference: SCTID:91690000
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0011216
in_subset: common anatomy
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: upper level
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: anatomical system
subclass of: UBERON_0010000

embryonic skin basal layer
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

nail of manual digit 1
type: Class
definition: A nail that is part of a manual digit 1.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:18734
database_cross_reference: FMA:54329
database_cross_reference: SCTID:181584008
has_exact_synonym: claw of digit 1 of fore-paw
has_exact_synonym: nail of manual digit I
has_exact_synonym: nail of thumb
has_exact_synonym: nail plate of thumb
has_exact_synonym: thumb nail
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0011273
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001463
subclass of: UBERON_0009565
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001705
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001463

nail of manual digit 2
type: Class
definition: A nail that is part of a manual digit 2.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:18735
database_cross_reference: FMA:54332
database_cross_reference: SCTID:181580004
has_exact_synonym: claw of digit 2 of fore-paw
has_exact_synonym: index finger nail
has_exact_synonym: nail of index finger
has_exact_synonym: nail of manual digit II
has_exact_synonym: nail of second finger
has_exact_synonym: nail plate of index finger
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0011274
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0003622
subclass of: UBERON_0009565
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001705
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003622

nail of manual digit 4
type: Class
definition: A nail that is part of a manual digit 4.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:18737
database_cross_reference: FMA:54338
database_cross_reference: SCTID:181582007
has_exact_synonym: claw of digit 4 of fore-paw
has_exact_synonym: nail of fourth finger
has_exact_synonym: nail of manual digit IV
has_exact_synonym: nail of ring finger
has_exact_synonym: nail plate of ring finger
has_exact_synonym: ring finger nail
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0011276
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0003624
subclass of: UBERON_0009565
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001705
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003624

nail of pedal digit 2
type: Class
definition: A nail that is part of a pedal digit 2.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:18740
database_cross_reference: FMA:54347
database_cross_reference: SCTID:181593009
has_exact_synonym: claw of digit 2 of hind-paw
has_exact_synonym: nail of pedal digit II
has_exact_synonym: nail of second toe
has_exact_synonym: nail plate of second toe
has_exact_synonym: second toe nail
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0011279
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0003632
subclass of: UBERON_0009567
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001705
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003632

nail of pedal digit 4
type: Class
definition: A nail that is part of a pedal digit 4.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:18742
database_cross_reference: FMA:54353
database_cross_reference: SCTID:181595002
has_exact_synonym: claw of digit 4 of hind-paw
has_exact_synonym: fourth toe nail
has_exact_synonym: nail of fourth toe
has_exact_synonym: nail of pedal digit IV
has_exact_synonym: nail plate of fourth toe
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0011281
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: UBERON_0009567

lateral surface of mandible
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

styloid process of ulna
type: Class
definition: The styloid process of the ulna projects from the medial and back part of the bone; it descends a little lower than the head, and its rounded end affords attachment to the ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist[WP,unvetted].
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
database_cross_reference: FMA:23628
database_cross_reference: SCTID:181952009
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Ulnar_styloid_process
has_exact_synonym: processus styloideus ulnae
has_exact_synonym: ulnar styloid process
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0011575
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: distal epiphysis of ulna
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_4100000

gingiva of upper jaw
type: Class
definition: A gingiva that is part of a upper jaw region.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:18970
database_cross_reference: FMA:59763
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C54205
database_cross_reference: SCTID:304703001
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0227121
has_exact_synonym: gum of maxilla
has_exact_synonym: gum of upper jaw
has_exact_synonym: upper gingiva
has_exact_synonym: upper jaw gingiva
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: maxillary gum
has_related_synonym: upper gum
id: UBERON:0011601
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001709
subclass of: gingiva
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: gingiva
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001709

subdivision of organism along main body axis
type: Class
definition: A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along its main body axis (typically anterio-posterior axis). In vertebrates, this is based on the vertebral column.
editor note: Ideally this would be disjoint with analagous class for appendicular axes, but currently 'appendages' like antennae, horns cause a problem
imported from: uberon.owl
has_exact_synonym: axial subdivision of organism
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: body segment
has_related_synonym: main body segment
id: UBERON:0011676
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: upper level
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: main body axis
subclass of: UBERON_0000475

tibiotalar joint
type: Class
definition: A skeletal joint that connects a tibia and connects a talus.
imported from: uberon.owl
external_ontology_notes: see also FMA:44063 ! tibiotalar part of medial ligament of ankle joint
has_broad_synonym: ankle joint
database_cross_reference: SCTID:361864006
has_narrow_synonym: talotibial joint
has_narrow_synonym: tibioastragalar joint
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0012076
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: crurotarsal joint

nose tip
type: Class
definition: Outermost point on an external nose or snout.
imported from: uberon.owl
contributor: cmungall
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37915
database_cross_reference: FMA:59518
database_cross_reference: SCTID:361926005
has_exact_synonym: apex nasi
has_exact_synonym: apex of nose
has_exact_synonym: nasal tip
has_exact_synonym: tip of nose
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: pirula
has_related_synonym: snout tip
has_related_synonym: tip of snout
id: UBERON:0012128
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: external nose
subclass of: anatomical point

olecranon fossa
type: Class
definition: A deep evacuation in the bone, into which the anconeal process of the ulna passes when the elbow joint is extended.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: FMA:23450
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Olecranon_fossa
has_exact_synonym: fossa olecrani
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0012130
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: distal epiphysis of humerus
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0005055

skeleton of pedal digitopodium
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

acropodium region
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

metapodium bone 1
type: Class
definition: A metapodium bone that is part of a digit 1 plus metapodial segment.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_exact_synonym: metapodium 1
has_exact_synonym: metapodium I
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0013581
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_5006048
subclass of: UBERON_0003821
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0003821
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_5006048

metapodium bone 2
type: Class
definition: A metapodium bone that is part of a digit 2 plus metapodial segment.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_exact_synonym: metapodium 2
has_exact_synonym: metapodium II
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0013582
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_5006049
subclass of: UBERON_0003821
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0003821
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_5006049

metapodium bone 3
type: Class
definition: A metapodial bone that is associated with digit III.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_exact_synonym: 3rd metapodium bone
has_exact_synonym: metapodial bone III
has_exact_synonym: metapodium 3
has_exact_synonym: metapodium III
has_narrow_synonym: cannon bone
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0013583
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_5006050
subclass of: UBERON_0003821
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0003821
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_5006050

metapodium bone 4
type: Class
definition: A metapodium bone that is part of a digit 4 plus metapodial segment.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_exact_synonym: metapodium 4
has_exact_synonym: metapodium IV
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0013584
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_5006051
subclass of: UBERON_0003821
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0003821
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_5006051

metapodium bone 5
type: Class
definition: A metapodium bone that is part of a digit 5 plus metapodial segment.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_exact_synonym: metapodium 5
has_exact_synonym: metapodium V
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0013585
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_5006052
subclass of: UBERON_0003821
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0003821
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_5006052

short bone
type: Class
definition: Short bones are designated as those bones that are as wide as they are long. Their primary function is to provide support and stability with little to no movement. They are one of five types of bones: long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid. Examples of these bones include the tarsals in the foot and the carpals in the hand.
editor note: TODO - make subclass links
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: FMA:7475
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C33545
database_cross_reference: SCTID:332807009
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Short_bone
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0013630
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: UBERON_0001474

inframammary fold
type: Class
definition: Inframammary fold, inframammary crease or inframammary line is the feature of human anatomy which is a natural boundary of a breast from below, the place where the breast and the chest meet. The choice of the term depends on the prominence of the feature.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: CALOHA:TS-2350
database_cross_reference: FMA:62109
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: inframammary breast
has_related_synonym: inframammary crease
id: UBERON:0013692
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002100
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002220
  some values from: breast
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002220
  some values from: UBERON_0001443
subclass of: UBERON_0006800

bone spine
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: FMA:82508
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0013706
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: bony projection

iliac spine
type: Class
definition: A bone spine that is part of a ilium.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: FMA:82509
database_cross_reference: SCTID:272712007
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Iliac_spine
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0013707
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: ilium
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: bone spine
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: bone spine
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilium

posterior superior iliac spine
type: Class
definition: The posterior border of the ala, shorter than the anterior, also presents two projections separated by a notch, the posterior superior iliac spine and the posterior inferior iliac spine. The posterior superior iliac spine serves for the attachment of the oblique portion of the posterior sacroiliac ligaments and the Multifidus.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: FMA:49468
database_cross_reference: SCTID:182032008
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Posterior_superior_iliac_spine
has_exact_synonym: posterior superior iliac spine (volume)
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: posterior superior spine of the ilium
id: UBERON:0013710
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: posterior iliac spine

proximal mesopodial bone
type: Class
definition: A proximal mesopodial endochondral element that is composed primarily of a bone tissue.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0014395
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: UBERON_0003656
subclass of: UBERON_0017750

iliac crest
type: Class
definition: Is part of the pelvis on the edge of the wing of the ilium. Round in shape, dorsal to the pubis and ischium. Acts as structrure that muscles can attach too.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37602
database_cross_reference: FMA:16914
database_cross_reference: MA:0003053
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C103818
database_cross_reference: SCTID:182034009
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0014437
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: ilium
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0005913

distal tarsal endochondral element
type: Class
definition: A distal mesopodial endochondral element that is part of a hindlimb.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: distal tarsal
id: UBERON:0015099
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002103
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0009879
subclass of: UBERON_0015050
subclass of: distal mesopodial endochondral element
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: distal mesopodial endochondral element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002103

antitragus
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

epicondyle of humerus
type: Class
definition: An epicondyle that is part of a humerus.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: FMA:321693
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C114187
database_cross_reference: SCTID:272693008
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0016497
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0000976
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0005055
subclass of: epicondyle
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: epicondyle
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000976

extensor pollicis brevis muscle
type: Class
definition: The Extensor pollicis brevis lies on the medial side of, and is closely connected with, the Abductor pollicis longus.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:36195
database_cross_reference: FMA:38518
database_cross_reference: SCTID:244995005
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Extensor_pollicis_brevis_muscle
has_exact_synonym: extensor pollicis brevis
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: extensor pollicis
id: UBERON:0017618
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: extrinsic extensor muscle of manus

abdominal viscera
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: viscus
subclass of: abdomen element

infra-orbital foramen of maxilla
type: Class
definition: A foramen on the exterior of the maxilla that is continuous with the infra-orbital canal and is the conduit for the passage of the infraorbital nerve and artery.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: FMA:57718
database_cross_reference: MFMO:0000054
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Infraorbital_foramen
has_exact_synonym: foramen infraorbitale
has_exact_synonym: infra-orbital foramen
has_exact_synonym: infraorbital foramen
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0018407
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: maxilla
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: foramen of skull

trigeminal nerve muscle
type: Class
definition: Muscle innervated by the trigeminal nerve (Cranial Nerve V).
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: MFMO:0000072
has_exact_synonym: muscle innervated by the trigeminal nerve
has_exact_synonym: muscles innervated by the trigeminal nerve
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0018544
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: UBERON_0001630

manual digit 1 or 5
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: lateral finger
has_related_synonym: lateral manual digit
has_related_synonym: outer manual digit
has_related_synonym: outermost manual digit
id: UBERON:0019231
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002398
subclass of: UBERON_0002389
subclass of: UBERON_0019221
equivalent class: Class
  union of: UBERON_0001463
  union of: UBERON_0003625

pedal digit 1 or 5
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: lateral pedal digit
has_related_synonym: lateral toe
has_related_synonym: outer pedal digit
has_related_synonym: outermost pedal digit
id: UBERON:0019241
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: UBERON_0001466
subclass of: UBERON_0019221
equivalent class: Class
  union of: UBERON_0003631
  union of: UBERON_0003635

zone of organ
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: FMA:55268
has_exact_synonym: organ sector
has_exact_synonym: organ zonal region
has_exact_synonym: organ zone
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: organ region with floating fiat boundary
id: UBERON:0034944
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: UBERON_0000064

branch of external carotid artery
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: FMA:70505
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C32552
database_cross_reference: SCTID:244216003
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0447038
has_exact_synonym: external carotid arterial subdivision
has_exact_synonym: subdivision of external carotid artery
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0035398
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: RO_0002577
subclass of: UBERON_0001637

infraorbital margin
type: Class
definition: The infraorbital margin is the lower margin of the orbita.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: FMA:53177
database_cross_reference: SCTID:362642002
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Infraorbital_margin
has_exact_synonym: inferior orbital rim
has_exact_synonym: infra-orbital margin
has_exact_synonym: margo infraorbitalis
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0035848
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: orbital margin
subclass of: UBERON_0005913
subclass of: UBERON_0010313

intergluteal cleft
type: Class
definition: The line that divided the gluteal regions of the body.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: FMA:20234
has_exact_synonym: anal cleft
has_exact_synonym: crena analis
has_exact_synonym: crena ani
has_exact_synonym: crena interglutealis
has_exact_synonym: intergluteal crease
has_exact_synonym: natal cleft
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0036013
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001137
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002355
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002220
  some values from: UBERON_0013691
subclass of: UBERON_0006800
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0006800
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0002220
    some values from: UBERON_0013691

intertragic incisure
type: Class
definition: A surface structure that is the narrowed downward continuation of the conchal space bounded anteriorly by the borders of the tragus, posteriorly by theantitragus, and along its lower lateral margins and inferior boundary by the connection between the first two.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_broad_synonym: incisura
database_cross_reference: FMA:61175
database_cross_reference: SCTID:362542005
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Incisura_anterior_auris
has_exact_synonym: incisura intertragica
has_exact_synonym: intertragal incisure
has_exact_synonym: intertragic incisure
has_exact_synonym: intertragic notch
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: anterior auricular groove
has_related_synonym: auricular notch
has_related_synonym: incisura anterior auris
has_related_synonym: intertragic incisure
has_related_synonym: sulcus auriculae anterior
id: UBERON:0036212
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
comment: Measurement notes: The length is measured from the upper to the lower border (between tragus and antitragus)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001757
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002220
  some values from: UBERON_0010887
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002220
  some values from: antitragus
subclass of: surface groove
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: surface groove
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001757
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0002220
    some values from: UBERON_0010887
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0002220
    some values from: antitragus

suprascapular fossa
type: Class
definition: Fossa on the medial surface on the scapula above the glenoid.
imported from: uberon.owl
contributor: T Alexander Dececchi
database_cross_reference: PHENOSCAPE:ad
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:4200020
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0006849
subclass of: UBERON_0004704

manual digit 1 digitopodial skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

manual digit 2 digitopodial skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

manual digit 3 digitopodial skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

manual digit 4 digitopodial skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

manual digit 5 digitopodial skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pedal digit 1 digitopodial skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pedal digit 2 digitopodial skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pedal digit 3 digitopodial skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pedal digit 4 digitopodial skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

pedal digit 5 digitopodial skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

tubercle of calcaneus
type: Class
definition: A raised projection on the calcaneus.
imported from: uberon.owl
contributor: Meghan Balk
has_exact_synonym: calcaneal tubercle
has_exact_synonym: calcaneal tuberosity
has_exact_synonym: tuberosity of calcaneus
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:7500094
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001450
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: tubercle
subclass of: UBERON_4100000
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: tubercle
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001450

extensor pollicis brevis tendon
type: Class
definition: The tendon of the muscle extending the proximal phalanx of the thumb, positioned laterally in the forearm.
subclass of: UBERON_0000043

extensor pollicis longus tendon
type: Class
ilx_0112785: The tendon of the muscle responsible for extending the thumb at the interphalangeal joint.
subclass of: UBERON_0000043

dental pain
type: Class
definition: Refers to pain in the teeth or gums, often caused by cavities, infection, injury, or dental surgical procedures.
subclass of: HP_0012531

tendon of extensor digitorum
type: Class
definition: The tendon of the muscle that extends the fingers and assists in wrist extension, located on the posterior forearm.
synonym: Extensor digitorum tendon
subclass of: UBERON_0000043

tendon of extensor hallucis longus
type: Class
definition: The tendon of the muscle extending the big toe and assisting in dorsiflexion of the foot.
synonym: Extensor hallucis longus tendon
subclass of: UBERON_0000043

Back-Shu Point of the Spleen
type: Class
Special Point Role: Back-Shu Point of the Spleen Role
subclass of: TARA_3861175
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_3861175
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Back-Shu Point of the Spleen Role

GB 24
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 183. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 日月
Special Point Role: Front-Mu Point of the Gallbladder
Indications: Pain in the hypochondriac region, vomiting, acid regurgitation, hiccup, jaundice, mastitis.
Innervation: The seventh intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, in the sev- enth intercostal space, 4 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note 1: GB 24 is inferior to the centre of the nipple, one rib inferior to LR 14. Note 2: In females, GB24 can be found at the intersection of the midclavicular line and the seventh intercostal space.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5283975
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Riyue
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002030
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795321
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795322
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: Front-Mu Point of the Gallbladder
Synonym: G 24
Synonym: Gallbladder 24
Vasculature: The seventh intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002030
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795321
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795322
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Front-Mu Point of the Gallbladder Role
subclass of: TARA_1926756
subclass of: Front-Mu Point of the Gallbladder

Front-Mu Point of the Pericardium
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Front-Mu Point of the Pericardium Role
subclass of: TARA_8746709
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_8746709
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Front-Mu Point of the Pericardium Role

Front-Mu Point of the Liver
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Front-Mu Point of the Liver Role
subclass of: TARA_8746709
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_8746709
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Front-Mu Point of the Liver Role

Xiyan
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 10, Sec. III, The Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Indications: Knee pain, weakness of the lower extremities.
Acupuncture Location: A pair of points in the two depressions, medial and lateral to the patellar ligament, locating the point with the knee flexed. These two points are also termed medial and lateral Xiyan respectively. Lateral Xiyan overlaps with Dubi (ST 35).
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5- 1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003676
General Body Region: UBERON_0001465
Synonym: EX-LE 5
Synonym: M-LE 16
is studied in article: s0140-6736(05)66871-7
is studied in article: Effectiveness of Acupuncture as Adjunctive Therapy in Osteoarthritis of the Knee A Randomized, Controlled Trial
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001465
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003676
subclass of: TARA_3535998

Back-Shu Point of the Gallbladder
type: Class
Special Point Role: Back-Shu Point of the Gallbladder Role
subclass of: TARA_3861175
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_3861175
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Back-Shu Point of the Gallbladder Role

Lower He-Sea Point of Triple Energizer
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Lower He-Sea Point of Triple Energizer Role
subclass of: TARA_4830205
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_4830205
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Lower He-Sea Point of Triple Energizer Role

Front-Mu Point of the Large Intestine
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Front-Mu Point of the Large Intestine Role
subclass of: TARA_8746709
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_8746709
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Front-Mu Point of the Large Intestine Role

Back-Shu Point of the Stomach
type: Class
Special Point Role: Back-Shu Point of the Stomach Role
subclass of: TARA_3861175
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_3861175
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Back-Shu Point of the Stomach Role

The Lower He-Sea Point of the Large Intestine
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: The Lower He-Sea Point of the Large Intestine Role
subclass of: TARA_4830205
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_4830205
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: The Lower He-Sea Point of the Large Intestine Role

Influential Point of Tendon
type: Class
description: The Eight Influential Points refer to the specific points which have particular effects in treatment of disorders relating to the zang-fu organs, qi, blood, tendon, pulse and vessels, bone and marrow. Each of the Eight Influential Points overlaps the other point. Yanglingquan (GB 34) is the Influential Point of tendons.
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Influential Point of Tendon Role
subclass of: TARA_7010544
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_7010544
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Influential Point of Tendon Role

Xi-Cleft Point of the Yang Heel Vessel
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Xi-Cleft Point of the Yang Heel Vessel Role
subclass of: TARA_4598552
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_4598552
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Xi-Cleft Point of the Yang Heel Vessel Role

Back-Shu Point of the Kidney
type: Class
Special Point Role: Back-Shu Point of the Kidney Role
subclass of: TARA_3861175
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_3861175
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Back-Shu Point of the Kidney Role

Front-Mu Point of the Small Intestine
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Front-Mu Point of the Small Intestine Role
subclass of: TARA_8746709
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_8746709
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Front-Mu Point of the Small Intestine Role

Back-Shu Point of the Lung
type: Class
Special Point Role: Back-Shu Point of the Lung Role
subclass of: TARA_3861175
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_3861175
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Back-Shu Point of the Lung Role

Back-Shu Point of the Heart
type: Class
Special Point Role: Back-Shu Point of the Heart Role
subclass of: TARA_3861175
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_3861175
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Back-Shu Point of the Heart Role

Major Luo-Connecting Point of the Spleen
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Major Luo-Connecting Point of the Spleen Role
subclass of: Major Luo-Connecting Point
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Major Luo-Connecting Point
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Major Luo-Connecting Point of the Spleen Role

Influential Point of Vessels
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Influential Point of Vessels Role
subclass of: TARA_7010544
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_7010544
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Influential Point of Vessels Role

Front-Mu Point of the Gallbladder
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Front-Mu Point of the Gallbladder Role
subclass of: TARA_8746709
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_8746709
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Front-Mu Point of the Gallbladder Role

Front-Mu Point of the Stomach
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Front-Mu Point of the Stomach Role
subclass of: TARA_8746709
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_8746709
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Front-Mu Point of the Stomach Role

Back-Shu Point of Triple Energizer
type: Class
Special Point Role: Back-Shu Point of Triple Energizer Role
subclass of: TARA_3861175
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_3861175
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Back-Shu Point of Triple Energizer Role

Front-Mu Point of Triple Energizer
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Front-Mu Point of Triple Energizer Role
subclass of: TARA_8746709
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_8746709
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Front-Mu Point of Triple Energizer Role

Front-Mu Point of the Bladder
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Front-Mu Point of the Bladder Role
subclass of: TARA_8746709
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_8746709
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Front-Mu Point of the Bladder Role

Xi-Cleft Point of the Yang Link Vessel
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Xi-Cleft Point of the Yang Link Vessel Role
subclass of: TARA_4598552
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_4598552
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Xi-Cleft Point of the Yang Link Vessel Role

Back-Shu Point of the Large Intestine
type: Class
Special Point Role: Back-Shu Point of the Large Intestine Role
subclass of: TARA_3861175
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_3861175
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Back-Shu Point of the Large Intestine Role

Front-Mu Point of the Lung
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Front-Mu Point of the Lung Role
subclass of: TARA_8746709
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_8746709
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Front-Mu Point of the Lung Role

Extra Meridian
type: Class
description: Represents the extra meridians. The eight extra meridians are the Governor Vessel, Conception Vessel, Thoroughfare Vessel, Belt Vessel, Yang Heel Vessel, Yin Heel Vessel, Yang Link Vessel and Yin Link Vessel. They are different from the twelve main meridians because none of them pertains to the zang organs and communicates with the fu organs of pertains to the fu organs and communicates with the zang organs. And they are not exteriorly-interiorly related. Apart from the Governor Vessel and Conception Vessel which have their own acupuncture points, the extra meridians share their points with other main meridians.
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Page 82. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
subclass of: TARA_7226516

Front-Mu Point of the Heart
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Front-Mu Point of the Heart Role
subclass of: TARA_8746709
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_8746709
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Front-Mu Point of the Heart Role

ST 18
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 54. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: (乳)根
Indications: Pain in the chest, cough, asthma, mastitis, insufficient lactation.
Innervation: The branch of the fifth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, in the fifth intercostal space, 4 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note: In males, ST 18 is located at the intersection of nipple line and the fifth intercostal space. In females, ST 18 is located at the midpoint of the inferior crease of the breast.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Rugen
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795299
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795300
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: L 18
Synonym: Stomach 18
Vasculature: The branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795299
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795300
subclass of: TARA_5282844

Back-Shu Point of the Bladder
type: Class
Special Point Role: Back-Shu Point of the Bladder Role
subclass of: TARA_3861175
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_3861175
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Back-Shu Point of the Bladder Role

Back-Shu Point of the Liver
type: Class
Special Point Role: Back-Shu Point of the Liver Role
subclass of: TARA_3861175
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_3861175
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Back-Shu Point of the Liver Role

Influential Point of the Fu Organs
type: Class
description: The Eight Influential Points refer to the specific points which have particular effects in treatment of disorders relating to the zang-fu organs, qi, blood, tendon, pulse and vessels, bone and marrow. Each of the Eight Influential Points overlaps the other point. Zhongwan (CV 12) is the Influential Point of the fu organs. Zhongwan (CV 12), the Influential Point of the fu organs, is selected to lower the qi of the fu organ.
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Influential Point of the Fu Organs Role
subclass of: TARA_7010544
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_7010544
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Influential Point of the Fu Organs Role

The Lower He-Sea Point of the Small Intestine
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: The Lower He-Sea Point of the Small Intestine Role
subclass of: TARA_4830205
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_4830205
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: The Lower He-Sea Point of the Small Intestine Role

LR 14
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 202. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 9, Acupuncture Points of the Jueyin and Shaoyang Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 期門(门)
Special Point Role: Front-Mu Point of the Liver
Indications: Hypochondriac pain, abdominal distension, hiccup, acid regurgitation, mastitis, depression, febrile diseases.
Innervation: The sixth intercostal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, in the sixth intercostal space, 4 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line. Note: LR 14 is inferior to the centre of the nipple, 2 B-cun lateral to St19. In females, LR 14 is located at the intersection of the midclavicular line and the sixth intercostal space.
Meridian Membership: TARA_5419503
Acupuncture Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Qimen
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002030
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795285
Specific Body Region: ilx_0795307
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: Front-Mu Point of the Liver
Synonym: LIV 14
Synonym: LV 14
Synonym: Liver 14
Vasculature: The sixth intercostal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002030
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795307
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
  some values from: Front-Mu Point of the Liver Role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ilx_0795285
subclass of: Front-Mu Point of the Liver
subclass of: TARA_0739106

Xi-Cleft Point of the Yin Heel Vessel
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Xi-Cleft Point of the Yin Heel Vessel Role
subclass of: TARA_4598552
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_4598552
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Xi-Cleft Point of the Yin Heel Vessel Role

Influential Point of Zang Organs
type: Class
description: The Eight Influential Points refer to the specific points which have particular effects in treatment of disorders relating to the zang-fu organs, qi, blood, tendon, pulse and vessels, bone and marrow. Each of the Eight Influential Points overlaps the other point. Zhangmen (LR 13) is the Influential Point of the zang organs.
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Influential Point of Zang Organs Role
subclass of: TARA_7010544
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_7010544
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Influential Point of Zang Organs Role

Back-Shu Point of the Pericardium
type: Class
Special Point Role: Back-Shu Point of the Pericardium Role
subclass of: TARA_3861175
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_3861175
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Back-Shu Point of the Pericardium Role

Front-Mu Point of the Spleen
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Front-Mu Point of the Spleen Role
subclass of: TARA_8746709
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_8746709
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Front-Mu Point of the Spleen Role

Major Luo-Connecting Point
type: Class
description: Dabao (Major Luo-Connecting Point of the Spleen, SP 21)
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Major Luo-Connecting Point Role
subclass of: TARA_6993030
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_6993030
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Major Luo-Connecting Point Role

Xi-Cleft Point of the Yin Link Vessel
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Xi-Cleft Point of the Yin Link Vessel Role
subclass of: TARA_4598552
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_4598552
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Xi-Cleft Point of the Yin Link Vessel Role

Front-Mu Point of the Kidney
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Front-Mu Point of the Kidney Role
subclass of: TARA_8746709
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_8746709
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Front-Mu Point of the Kidney Role

Influential Point of Pulse Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_4235924

CV 1
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 220. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 10, Acupuncture Points of the Governor and the Conception Vessels and the Extra Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: 會(会)陰(阴)
Indications: Vaginitis, retention of urine hemorrhoids, nocturnal emission, enuresis, irregular menstruation, mental disorders.
Innervation: The branch of the perineal nerve.
Acupuncture Location: In the perineal region, at the midpoint of the line connecting the anus with the posterior border of the scrotum in males and the posterior commissure of labium majoris in females. Note: CV 1 is located midway between the anus and the genital organ, with the subject lying on the side or in knee-chest position.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6789717
Acupuncture Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
Pinyin Label: Huiyin
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0001245
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0003133
General Body Region: UBERON_0002356
Synonym: Conception Vessel 1
Synonym: RN 1
Synonym: Ren 1
Vasculature: The branches of the perineal artery and vein.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001245
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003133
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002356
subclass of: TARA_1092703

Back-Shu Point of the Small Intestine
type: Class
Special Point Role: Back-Shu Point of the Small Intestine Role
subclass of: TARA_3861175
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_3861175
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Back-Shu Point of the Small Intestine Role

Influential Point of Qi
type: Class
description: Tanzhong (CV 17), the influential point of qi, is able to regulate the flow of qi. Tanzhong (CV 17), the Influential Point of qi, is to bring qi down.
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Influential Point of Qi Role
subclass of: TARA_7010544
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_7010544
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Influential Point of Qi Role

ST 17
type: Class
Bibliographic Citation: Source for the Acupoint Location: WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. Page 54. ISBN 978-92-9061-248-7. Source for Acupuncture Method, Vasculature, Innervation, and Indications: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Chapter 7, Acupuncture Points of the Taiyin and Yangming Meridian. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Chinese Label: (乳)中
Acupuncture Location: In the anterior thoracic region, at the centre of the nipple. Note: In males, the centre of the nipple is located in the fourth intercostal space.
Meridian Membership: TARA_6221269
Pinyin Label: Ruzhong
Specific Body Region: UBERON_0002030
General Body Region: UBERON_0016416
Synonym: L 17
Synonym: Stomach 17
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedOnTheSurfaceOf
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0016416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: locatedInRelationTo
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002030
subclass of: TARA_5282844

Crossing Point Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_0886544

Influential Point of Bone
type: Class
description: Dazhu (BL II) is the Influential Point of bone
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Influential Point of Bone Role
subclass of: TARA_7010544
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_7010544
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Influential Point of Bone Role

Influential Point of Blood
type: Class
description: The Eight Influential Points refer to the specific points which have particular effects in treatment of disorders relating to the zang-fu organs, qi, blood, tendon, pulse and vessels, bone and marrow. Each of the Eight Influential Points overlaps the other point. Geshu (BL17) is the Influential Point of blood.
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Influential Point of Blood Role
subclass of: TARA_7010544
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_7010544
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Influential Point of Blood Role

Influential Point of the Marrow
type: Class
description: The Eight Influential Points refer to the specific points which have particular effects in treatment of disorders relating to the zang-fu organs, qi, blood, tendon, pulse and vessels, bone and marrow. Each of the Eight Influential Points overlaps the other point. Xuanzhong (GB 39) is the Influential Point of Marrow.
Bibliographic Citation: D. Liangyue, G. Yijun, H. Shuhui, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Revised ed. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press; 1999. Ch. 6, An Introduction to Acupunture Points, Sec. III, Specific Points. ISBN 978-7-119-01758-7.
Special Point Role: Influential Point of the Marrow Role
subclass of: TARA_7010544
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: TARA_7010544
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSpecialPointDesignation
    some values from: Influential Point of the Marrow Role

hasAcupointLocation
type: AnnotationProperty
description: An annotation property grouping all location-related attributes of an acupoint. Subproperties provide the general body region (hasSurfaceLocation) and the specific anatomical structures within that region (hasRelatedLocation).
sub property of: hasAcupointAnnotaionProperty

Manual Acupuncture for Analgesia During Electromyography: A Pilot Study
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Manual acupuncture with needle insertion at LI-4 and LR-3 points, using a 2-piece insertion tube and plastic holder, with needle rotation
Author: Henry C Tong
has controls information: Telescopic sham needles were used as the control in the study.
has country information: United States
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2004.11.044
has listed acupoints used: LI 4, LR 3
has needling information: Needle depth: about 1 cm; Note: some needles were incorrectly placed only 1 mm deep due to inexperience.
has publication date: 2005
has publication venue: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
has sample size information: Total: 51 participants; Treatment group: 26 participants; Sham group: 25 participants
has stimulation type: Manual stimulation: rotation back and forth 10 times
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: Pain associated with electromyography
has trial type: RCT

The effect of acupuncture on pain and swelling after day case molar teeth extraction under general anaesthesia
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Electroacupuncture at Colon 4 and Stomach 6 points, with electrical stimulation at 2.5 Hz for 20 minutes before and during general anaesthesia
Author: Trevor Roy Coe
has controls information: The control group received general anaesthesia alone without acupuncture treatment.
has country information: Not mentioned (the paper does not provide information on the country of publication)
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0966-6532(98)00049-3
has listed acupoints used: ST 6, LI 4
has needling information: Not mentioned (the paper does not specify the needle depth or angle, only that insertion continued until a dull ache was felt by the patient)
has publication date: 1999
has sample size information: Total: 40 participants; Acupuncture group: 20 participants; Control group: 20 participants
has stimulation type: Electrical stimulation at 2.5 Hz
has studied condition: ilx_0795497
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: Post-operative pain and swelling following third molar teeth extraction
has trial type: RCT

Chronic neck pain: a comparison of acupuncture treatment and physiotherapy
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: The acupuncture modality involved the use of sterile, disposable, 0.25 × 2.5 Acumedic needles for local needling of trigger points, regional needling at GB21 (supraspinatus tendon area), and distal needling at L14 (web space between thumb and first finger). The needles were left in situ for 15 minutes and manually manipulated once at 7 minutes. Electro-acupuncture and moxibustion were not used.
Author: J David, S Modi, A A Aluko, C Robertshaw, J Farebrother
has controls information: Not applicable (the study did not include a control group)
has country information: United Kingdom
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/37.10.1118
has listed acupoints used: GB 21, LI 4
has needling information: Not mentioned (the paper specifies needle size and application sites but does not provide details on needle depth or angle)
has publication date: 1998
has publication venue: British Journal of Rheumatology
has sample size information: Total: 70 participants; Acupuncture group: 35 participants; Physiotherapy group: 35 participants
has stimulation type: manual manipulation once at 7 minutes into the treatment
has studied condition: HP_0030833
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: chronic neck pain
has trial type: RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial)

Acupuncture for episodic tension-type headache: a multicentre randomized controlled trial
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Brief acupuncture using a 3030.30 mm needle at specific points with manipulation for 15 seconds without needle retention
Author: A R White, K-L Resch, Jck Chan, C D Norris, S K Modi, J N Patel, E Ernst
has controls information: The control used in the study was a sham procedure involving tapping a blunted cocktail-stick against bony prominences, avoiding known acupuncture points and tender areas.
has country information: United Kingdom
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2000.00097.x
has listed acupoints used: GB 20, LI 4
has needling information: Not mentioned (the paper does not specify the needle depth or angle used for acupuncture)
has publication date: 2000
has publication venue: Cephalalgia
has sample size information: Total: 50 participants; Acupuncture group: 25; Sham group: 25
has stimulation type: Manual stimulation: needle manipulated for 15 seconds or until deQi was felt
has studied condition: HP_0012228
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: episodic tension-type headache
has trial type: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

Electroacupuncture for Tension-type Headache on Distal Acupoints Only: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Electroacupuncture
Author: C C L Xue, L Dong, B Polus, R A English, Z Zheng, C Da Costa, C G Li, D F Story, Drs Xue, Ms Dong, Charlie Changli Xue
has controls information: Sham electroacupuncture (SEA) was used as the control, involving needle insertion at incorrect locations with low-frequency and low-intensity electrical stimulation.
has country information: Australia
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.2004.04077.x
has listed acupoints used: ST 36, LI 4
has needling information: Not mentioned (the paper does not specify the needle depth or angle for acupuncture)
has publication date: 2004
has sample size information: Total sample size: 40 participants; Group A: approximately 20 participants, Group B: approximately 20 participants; 37 completed the trial
has stimulation type: Real Electroacupuncture: 2 Hz and 100 Hz (alternated); Sham Electroacupuncture: 0.2 Hz
has studied condition: HP_0012228
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: tension-type headache
has trial type: randomized, single-blinded, sham-controlled, crossover clinical trial

Acupuncture Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome A Double-Blind Controlled Study
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Manual needle insertion at LI-4 (colonic meridian) for true acupuncture and BL-60 (urinary vesicle meridian) for sham acupuncture, needle only
Author: Zvi Fireman, Arieh Segal, Yael Kopelman, Amos Sternberg, Rafael Carasso
has controls information: Sham acupuncture at BL-60 (urinary vesicle meridian) was used as the control. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either true acupuncture or sham acupuncture first, with a washout period in between.
has country information: Not mentioned (the paper does not specify the country of publication)
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000048847
has listed acupoints used: LI 4, BL 60
has needling information: Not mentioned (no information on needle depth or angle is included in the paper)
has publication date: 2001
has publication venue: Digestion
has sample size information: Total: 25 participants; Group 1: intended 20, Group 2: intended 20 (final distribution not explicitly clarified beyond total of 25)
has stimulation type: Manual acupuncture with needle only; no specific frequency or additional stimulation method mentioned.
has studied condition: irritable bowel syndrome
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
has trial type: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

Electroacupuncture versus Diclofenac in symptomatic treatment of Osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled trial
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Electroacupuncture (EA) with electrical stimulation using biphasic pulses at 2 Hz, administered 3 times a week for 4 weeks
Author: Chaichan Sangdee, Supanimit Teekachunhatean, Kanit Sananpanich, Nantawit Sugandhavesa, Siripong Chiewchantanakit, Suwalee Pojchamarnwiputh, Subhachai Jayasvasti
has controls information: The controls used in the study were a placebo tablet and placebo electroacupuncture (EA), where the placebo EA involved attaching patch electrodes without actual electrical stimulation.
has country information: Thailand
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-2-3
has listed acupoints used: ST 35, LR 8
has needling information: Needle depth: not more than 0.5 inch; Needle angle: Not mentioned
has publication date: 2002
has sample size information: Total sample size: 193 participants; Group sizes not specified in the provided text.
has stimulation type: Electrical stimulation at a frequency of 2 Hz for 20 minutes per session
has studied condition: MONDO_0005416
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: osteoarthritis of the knee
has trial type: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

Acupuncture and sham acupuncture reduce muscle pain in myofascial pain patients
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Standard acupuncture involved inserting needles at Hoku and Stomach 6 points to a depth of 10 to 30 mm, achieving a "chi" reaction, and leaving them for 30 minutes with minimal manipulation. Sham acupuncture involved inserting needles at non-acupuncture points to a depth of 2 to 4 mm, following a similar procedure.
Author: Greg Goddard, Hiroyuki Karibe, Charles Mcneill, Ernesto Villafuerte
has controls information: The control used in the study was a sham acupuncture group, where needles were inserted at non-acupuncture points to mimic the experience of real acupuncture without targeting specific acupuncture points.
has country information: United States
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.47749/t/unicamp.2014.927896
has listed acupoints used: LI 4, ST 6
has needling information: Acupuncture group: 10 to 30 mm; Sham acupuncture group: 2 to 4 mm
has publication date: 2002
has sample size information: Total sample size: 18 participants; Standard acupuncture group: 10 participants; Sham treatment group: 8 participants
has stimulation type: Manual stimulation: Needles twirled once for 5 seconds at the halfway point of a 30-minute period.
has studied condition: myofascial pain syndrome
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: myofascial pain of the jaw muscles
has trial type: RCT

Paula Duek Roggli
type: NCBITaxon 9606
type: NamedIndividual

Meghan Balk
type: NCBITaxon 9606
type: NamedIndividual

entity
type: Class
example of usage: Julius Caesar
example of usage: Verdi’s Requiem
example of usage: the Second World War
example of usage: your body mass index
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81
imported from: mondo.owl
imported from: uberon.owl

quality
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000020

function
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000016

fibroblast
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

Phenotypic abnormality
type: Class
definition: A phenotypic abnormality.
imported from: hp.owl
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C4021819
has_exact_synonym: Organ abnormality
id: HP:0000118
comment: This is the root of the phenotypic abnormality subontology of the HPO.
subclass of: BFO_0000016

Arthritis
type: Class
definition: Inflammation of a joint.
imported from: hp.owl
database_cross_reference: SNOMEDCT_US:3723001
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0003864
has_exact_synonym: Arthritis
has_exact_synonym: Joint inflammation
id: HP:0001369
subclass of: Abnormal joint morphology

Headache
type: Class
definition: Cephalgia, or pain sensed in various parts of the head, not confined to the area of distribution of any nerve.
imported from: hp.owl
has_alternative_id: HP:0000266
has_alternative_id: HP:0001354
database_cross_reference: SNOMEDCT_US:25064002
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0018681
has_exact_synonym: Headache
has_exact_synonym: Headaches
id: HP:0002315
comment: Headache is one of the most common types of recurrent pain as well as one of the most frequent symptoms in neurology. In addition to occasional headaches, there are well-defined headache disorders that vary in incidence, prevalence and duration and can be divided into two broad categories. In secondary headache disorders, headaches are attributed to another condition, such as brain tumor or head injury; for the primary disorders the headache is not due to another condition.
subclass of: Abnormal nervous system physiology

bone inflammation disease
type: Class
definition: Inflammation of the bone.
imported from: mondo.owl
database_cross_reference: DOID:3342
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:10492
database_cross_reference: MESH:D010000
database_cross_reference: SCTID:274144001
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0029400
has_exact_synonym: bone inflammatory disease
has_exact_synonym: inflammatory disorder of bone
has_exact_synonym: osteitis
id: MONDO:0002614
in_subset: otar
subclass of: bone disorder

immune system disorder
type: Class
definition: A disorder resulting from an abnormality in the immune system.
imported from: mondo.owl
conforms to: location.yaml
database_cross_reference: DOID:2914
database_cross_reference: EFO:0000540
database_cross_reference: ICD9:279
database_cross_reference: ICD9:279.1
database_cross_reference: ICD9:279.10
database_cross_reference: ICD9:279.19
database_cross_reference: ICD9:279.4
database_cross_reference: ICD9:279.49
database_cross_reference: ICD9:279.8
database_cross_reference: ICD9:279.9
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:5759
database_cross_reference: MESH:D007154
database_cross_reference: NANDO:1100004
database_cross_reference: NANDO:2100202
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C3507
database_cross_reference: SCTID:414029004
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0021053
has_exact_synonym: disease of immune system
has_exact_synonym: disease or disorder of immune system
has_exact_synonym: disorder of immune system
has_exact_synonym: immune disease
has_exact_synonym: immune disorder
has_exact_synonym: immune dysfunction
has_exact_synonym: immune system disease or disorder
has_exact_synonym: immune system disorder
id: MONDO:0005046
in_subset: harrisons view
in_subset: otar
in_subset: rare grouping
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0004026
  some values from: immune system
subclass of: MONDO_0700096
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: MONDO_0700096
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0004026
    some values from: immune system

skeletal system disorder
type: Class
definition: A disease involving the skeletal system.
imported from: mondo.owl
conforms to: location.yaml
conforms to: location top.yaml
database_cross_reference: EFO:0002461
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:538042
database_cross_reference: SCTID:88230002
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0263661
has_exact_synonym: disease of skeletal system
has_exact_synonym: disease or disorder of skeletal system
has_exact_synonym: disorder of skeletal system
has_exact_synonym: skeletal system disease
has_exact_synonym: skeletal system disease or disorder
has_related_synonym: disease of bone and/or joint
has_related_synonym: osteoarthropathy
id: MONDO:0005172
in_subset: otar
in_subset: rare grouping
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0004026
  some values from: UBERON_0001434
subclass of: MONDO_0002081
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: MONDO_0000001
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0004026
    some values from: UBERON_0001434

fibromyalgia
type: Class
definition: A chronic disorder of unknown etiology characterized by pain, stiffness, and tenderness in the muscles of neck, shoulders, back, hips, arms, and legs. Other signs and symptoms include headaches, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and painful menstruation.
term tracker item: https://github.com/monarch-initiative/mondo/issues/3170
imported from: mondo.owl
excluded subClassOf: myositis disease
database_cross_reference: DOID:631
database_cross_reference: EFO:0005687
database_cross_reference: ICD10CM:M79.7
database_cross_reference: ICD9:729.1
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:42018
database_cross_reference: MESH:D005356
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C87497
database_cross_reference: Orphanet:41842
database_cross_reference: SCTID:203082005
database_cross_reference: SCTID:24693007
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0016053
has_exact_synonym: fibromyalgia
has_exact_synonym: fibromyalgia syndrome
id: MONDO:0005546
in_subset: otar
subclass of: syndromic disease
subclass of: chronic pain syndrome
subclass of: idiopathic disease

arthritic joint disease
type: Class
definition: An inflammatory process affecting a joint. Causes include infection, autoimmune processes, degenerative processes, and trauma. Signs and symptoms may include swelling around the affected joint and pain.
imported from: mondo.owl
excluded subClassOf: rheumatic disorder
conforms to: inflammatory disease by site.yaml
conforms to: specific infectious disease by location.yaml
conforms to: specific inflammatory disease by site.yaml
database_cross_reference: DOID:848
database_cross_reference: EFO:0005856
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:2043
database_cross_reference: MESH:D001168
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C2883
database_cross_reference: SCTID:3723001
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0003864
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Arthritis
has_exact_synonym: arthritis
has_exact_synonym: inflammation of skeletal joint
has_exact_synonym: skeletal joint inflammation
has_narrow_synonym: inflammatory disorder of joint
id: MONDO:0005578
in_subset: otar
comment: Editor note: osteoarthritis is primarily non-inflammatory which causes issues if we classify arthritis as inflammatory.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0004027
  some values from: UBERON_0000982
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0004029
  some values from: Arthralgia
subclass of: bone inflammation disease
subclass of: arthropathy
subclass of: inflammatory disease
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: MONDO_0000001
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0004027
    some values from: UBERON_0000982

osteoarthritis, hip
type: Class
definition: Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the hip joint which usually appears in late middle or old age. It is characterized by growth or maturational disturbances in the femoral neck and head, as well as acetabular dysplasia. A dominant symptom is pain on weight-bearing or motion.
imported from: mondo.owl
database_cross_reference: EFO:1000786
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:14530
database_cross_reference: MESH:D015207
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C34876
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0029410
has_exact_synonym: hip osteoarthritis
id: MONDO:0006629
in_subset: otar
subclass of: osteoarthritis

myofascial pain syndrome
type: Class
definition: Muscular pain in numerous body regions that can be reproduced by pressure on trigger points, localized hardenings in skeletal muscle tissue. Pain is referred to a location distant from the trigger points. A prime example is the temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome.
imported from: mondo.owl
database_cross_reference: DOID:431
database_cross_reference: EFO:1001054
database_cross_reference: ICD9:729.1
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:6496
database_cross_reference: MESH:D009209
database_cross_reference: MedDRA:10048780
database_cross_reference: SCTID:24693007
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0027073
id: MONDO:0006862
in_subset: gard rare
in_subset: otar
in_subset: rare
subclass of: myopathy

headache disorder
type: Class
definition: Various conditions with the symptom of headache. Headache disorders are classified into major groups, such as primary headache disorders (based on characteristics of their headache symptoms) and secondary headache disorders (based on their etiologies). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)
imported from: mondo.owl
excluded subClassOf: brain disorder
database_cross_reference: EFO:0009550
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:140743
database_cross_reference: MESH:D020773
database_cross_reference: SCTID:230461009
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0393735
has_exact_synonym: headache disorder
has_related_synonym: cephalgia syndrome
has_related_synonym: cephalgia syndromes
has_related_synonym: chronic daily headache
has_related_synonym: chronic daily headaches
has_related_synonym: chronic headache
has_related_synonym: chronic headaches
has_related_synonym: daily headache, chronic
has_related_synonym: daily headaches, chronic
has_related_synonym: headache syndrome
has_related_synonym: headache syndromes
has_related_synonym: headache, chronic
has_related_synonym: headache, chronic daily
has_related_synonym: headache, intractable
has_related_synonym: headaches, chronic
has_related_synonym: headaches, chronic daily
has_related_synonym: headaches, intractable
has_related_synonym: intractable headache
has_related_synonym: intractable headaches
has_related_synonym: syndrome, headache
id: MONDO:0021146
in_subset: otar
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: disease has major feature
  some values from: Headache
subclass of: neurological pain disorder
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: neurological pain disorder
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: disease has major feature
    some values from: Headache

chronic pain syndrome
type: Class
definition: Chronic form of disorder involving pain.
imported from: mondo.owl
database_cross_reference: ICD10CM:G89.4
database_cross_reference: ICD9:338.4
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:720585
database_cross_reference: SCTID:373621006
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C1298685
has_exact_synonym: chronic disorder involving pain
has_exact_synonym: chronic pain disease
has_exact_synonym: disorder involving pain, chronic
id: MONDO:0024317
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000053
  some values from: chronic
subclass of: neurological pain disorder
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: neurological pain disorder
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0000053
    some values from: chronic

has role
type: ObjectProperty
example of usage: this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
IAO_0000118: has_role
domain: BFO_0000004
range: role
sub property of: RO_0000053

surrounded by
type: ObjectProperty

disease arises from feature
type: ObjectProperty
label: disease has basis in feature

nose
type: Class
definition: The olfactory organ of vertebrates, consisting of nares, olfactory epithelia and the structures and skeletal framework of the nasal cavity.
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: Organ that is the specialized structure of the face that contains olfactory neurons. The peripheral olfactory organ is paired[ZFA:0000047].
external_definition: a protuberance in vertebrates that houses the nostrils, or nares, which admit and expel air for respiration in conjunction with the mouth. Behind the nose are the olfactory mucosa and the sinuses. Behind the nasal cavity, air next passes through the pharynx, shared with the digestive system, and then into the rest of the respiratory system. In humans, the nose is located centrally on the face; on most other mammals, it is on the upper tip of the snout[WP]. GO: The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity)[Wikipedia:Nose].
external_definition: the organ that is specialized for smell and is part of the respiratory system
taxon_notes: the structure of the nose varies across vertebrates. In tetrapods the nose is part of the respiratory system.[PMID:25312359]
database_cross_reference: BTO:0000840
database_cross_reference: CALOHA:TS-2037
database_cross_reference: EHDAA2:0001274
database_cross_reference: EHDAA:1502
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:16542
database_cross_reference: EV:0100037
database_cross_reference: EV:0100370
database_cross_reference: FMA:46472
database_cross_reference: GAID:77
database_cross_reference: MA:0000281
database_cross_reference: MAT:0000139
database_cross_reference: MESH:D009666
database_cross_reference: MIAA:0000139
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C12756
database_cross_reference: SCTID:181195007
database_cross_reference: TAO:0000047
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0028429
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Nose
database_cross_reference: ZFA:0000047
database_cross_reference: galen:Nose
has_exact_synonym: nasal sac
has_exact_synonym: nose
has_exact_synonym: peripheral olfactory organ
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: nasus
has_related_synonym: olfactory apparatus
has_related_synonym: proboInOwlscis
id: UBERON:0000004
in_subset: efo slim
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: major organ
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
in_subset: uberon slim
in_subset: vertebrate core
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001456
subclass of: UBERON_0000475
subclass of: olfactory organ
subclass of: UBERON_0004121

zone of skin
type: Class
definition: Any portion of the organ that covers that body and consists of a layer of epidermis and a layer of dermis.
curator note: Note the distinction between the entire skin of the body, of which there is only 1 in an organism, and zones of skin, of which there can be many. Examples: skin of knee
imported from: uberon.owl
homology_notes: (...) it is well-established that neural crest cells contribute to both the dermal skeleton (craniofacial bone, teeth, and the caudal fin rays of teleosts) and the integument, including craniofacial dermis and all pigment cells outside the retina (...).[well established][VHOG]
external_ontology_notes: we assume that mouse, HOG and GAID all mean zone of skin when they say skin. We also choose skin as an exact synonym, as it is more intuitive
database_cross_reference: EHDAA:6530
database_cross_reference: EV:0100152
database_cross_reference: FMA:86166
database_cross_reference: GAID:933
database_cross_reference: MA:0000151
database_cross_reference: MAT:0000284
database_cross_reference: MESH:D012867
database_cross_reference: MIAA:0000284
database_cross_reference: SCTID:20795001
database_cross_reference: VHOG:0000860
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Skin
has_exact_synonym: portion of skin
has_exact_synonym: region of skin
has_exact_synonym: skin
has_exact_synonym: skin region
has_exact_synonym: skin zone
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000014
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: skin of body
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000051
  some values from: skin epidermis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000051
  some values from: dermis
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: zone of organ

subdivision of skeletal system
type: Class
definition: Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_alternative_id: UBERON:0010322
database_cross_reference: FMA:85544
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C34076
database_cross_reference: SCTID:118966000
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C1519343
database_cross_reference: galen:ComplexSkeletalStructure
has_exact_synonym: skeletal system subdivision
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: skeletal system part
id: UBERON:0000075
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: non informative
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001434
subclass of: organ system subdivision

mucosa
type: Class
definition: A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP].
imported from: uberon.owl
mutually spatially disjoint with: submucosa
has_relational_adjective: mucosal
external_ontology_notes: FMA has mucosa vs region of mucosa; these are subtypes of Mucosa: Mucosa of gallbladder, tongue, .... The following are subtypes of Region of mucosa: Mucosa of zone of stomach, trachea, bronchus, dorsum of tongue.... Depends on whether the covered area is an organ or organ component. Uberon does not regard organ vs organ component as crucial distinction and thus collapses these into a single class deliberately
database_cross_reference: AEO:0000199
database_cross_reference: BTO:0000886
database_cross_reference: CALOHA:TS-2031
database_cross_reference: EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003234
database_cross_reference: EV:0100382
database_cross_reference: FMA:85355
database_cross_reference: FMA:85358
database_cross_reference: GAID:297
database_cross_reference: MESH:D009092
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C13166
database_cross_reference: SCTID:361693009
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0026724
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Mucous_membrane
database_cross_reference: galen:Mucosa
has_exact_synonym: mucosa of organ
has_exact_synonym: mucosa of organ part
has_exact_synonym: mucosal region
has_exact_synonym: mucous membrane
has_exact_synonym: organ mucosa
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: region of mucosa
has_related_synonym: tunica mucosa
id: UBERON:0000344
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000051
  some values from: epithelium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000051
  some values from: UBERON_0002384
subclass of: organ component layer

anatomical space
type: Class
definition: Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon_33090
present in taxon: NCBITaxon_33208
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 4751
has_broad_synonym: lumen
has_broad_synonym: space
database_cross_reference: AAO:0010110
database_cross_reference: AEO:0000005
database_cross_reference: BILA:0000005
database_cross_reference: CARO:0000005
database_cross_reference: EHDAA2:0003005
database_cross_reference: FBbt:00007017
database_cross_reference: FMA:5897
database_cross_reference: HAO:0000005
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C94478
database_cross_reference: TAO:0001668
database_cross_reference: TGMA:0001825
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0524461
database_cross_reference: VHOG:0001728
database_cross_reference: XAO:0003190
database_cross_reference: ZFA:0001643
has_exact_synonym: lumen space
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: anatomical spaces
id: UBERON:0000464
in_subset: common anatomy
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: upper level
subclass of: UBERON_0000466

material anatomical entity
type: Class
definition: Anatomical entity that has mass.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon_33090
present in taxon: NCBITaxon_33208
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 4751
database_cross_reference: AAO:0010264
database_cross_reference: AEO:0000006
database_cross_reference: BILA:0000006
database_cross_reference: CARO:0000006
database_cross_reference: EHDAA2:0003006
database_cross_reference: FBbt:00007016
database_cross_reference: FMA:67165
database_cross_reference: HAO:0000006
database_cross_reference: TAO:0001836
database_cross_reference: TGMA:0001826
database_cross_reference: VHOG:0001721
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000465
in_subset: common anatomy
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: upper level
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: UBERON_0001062

multicellular organism
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

eye
type: Class
definition: An organ that detects light.
curator note: This class encompasses a variety of light-detecting structures from different phyla with no implication of homology, from the compound insect eye to the vertebrate camera-type eye (distinct classes are provided for each)
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
has_relational_adjective: ocular
has_relational_adjective: optic
structure_notes: Note that whilst this is classified as an organ, it is in fact more of a unit composed of different structures: in Drosophila, it includes the interommatidial bristle as a part; we consider here the vertebrate eye to include the eyeball/eye proper as a part, with the eye having as parts (when present): eyelids, conjuctiva,
database_cross_reference: BILA:0000017
database_cross_reference: BTO:0000439
database_cross_reference: CALOHA:TS-0309
database_cross_reference: EFO:0000827
database_cross_reference: EV:0100336
database_cross_reference: FBbt:00005162
database_cross_reference: GAID:69
database_cross_reference: MAT:0000140
database_cross_reference: MESH:D005123
database_cross_reference: MIAA:0000140
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Eye
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: light-detecting organ
has_related_synonym: visual apparatus
id: UBERON:0000970
in_subset: efo slim
in_subset: functional classification
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: major organ
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: organ slim
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: visual system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000051
  some values from: visual pigment cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000051
  some values from: photoreceptor cell
subclass of: sense organ

reproductive system
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

skin epidermis
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

musculature
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

nervous system
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

ilium
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

vastus lateralis
type: Class
definition: The Vastus lateralis (Vastus externus) is the largest part of the Quadriceps femoris. It arises by a broad aponeurosis, which is attached to the upper part of the intertrochanteric line, to the anterior and inferior borders of the greater trochanter, to the lateral lip of the gluteal tuberosity, and to the upper half of the lateral lip of the linea aspera; this aponeurosis covers the upper three-fourths of the muscle, and from its deep surface many fibers take origin. A few additional fibers arise from the tendon of the Glutæus maximus, and from the lateral intermuscular septum between the Vastus lateralis and short head of the Biceps femoris. The fibers form a large fleshy mass, which is attached to a strong aponeurosis, placed on the deep surface of the lower part of the muscle: this aponeurosis becomes contracted and thickened into a flat tendon inserted into the lateral border of the patella, blending with the Quadriceps femoris tendon, and giving an expansion to the capsule of the knee-joint. [WP,unvetted].
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
has_broad_synonym: lateralis
database_cross_reference: BTO:0001563
database_cross_reference: EFO:0001937
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:36244
database_cross_reference: FMA:22431
database_cross_reference: MA:0002402
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C53073
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0224444
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Vastus_lateralis
database_cross_reference: galen:VastusLateralis
has_exact_synonym: vastus lateralis muscle
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: vastus externus
id: UBERON:0001379
in_subset: efo slim
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001377
subclass of: UBERON_0001377

vastus medialis
type: Class
definition: The vastus medialis, often called the 'teardrop' muscle, is a medially located muscle of the quadriceps. [WP,unvetted].
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
has_broad_synonym: medialis
database_cross_reference: BTO:0004913
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:36245
database_cross_reference: FMA:22432
database_cross_reference: MA:0002403
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C117736
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Vastus_medialis
database_cross_reference: galen:VastusMedialis
has_exact_synonym: vastus medialis muscle
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: vastus internus
id: UBERON:0001380
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001377
subclass of: UBERON_0001377

tarsal bone
type: Class
definition: A bone that is part of the tarsal skeleton. Examples: calcaneus, talus, centralia.
imported from: uberon.owl
taxon_notes: In primitive tetrapods, such as Trematops, the tarsus consists of three rows of bones. There are three proximal tarsals, the tibiale, intermedium, and fibulare, named for their points of articulation with the bones of the lower limb. These are followed by a second row of four bones, referred to as the centralia (singular: centrale), and then a row of five distal tarsals, each articulating with a single metatarsal. In the great majority of tetrapods, including all of those alive today, this simple pattern is modified by the loss and fusion of various of the bones.[3] In reptiles and mammals, there are normally just two proximal tarsals, the calcaneus (equivalent to the amphibian fibulare) and the talus (probably derived from a fusion of multiple bones). In mammals, including humans, the talus forms a hinge joint with the tibia, a feature especially well developed in the artiodactyls. The calcaneus is also modified, forming a heel for the attachment of the Achilles tendon. Neither of these adaptations is found in reptiles, which have a relatively simple structure to both bones.[3] The fifth distal tarsal disappears relatively early in evolution, with the remainder becoming the cuneiform and cuboid bones. Reptiles usually retain two centralia, while mammals typically have only one (the navicular).[3] In birds, the tarsus has disappeared, with the proximal tarsals having fused with the tibia, the centralia having disappeared, and the distal bones having fused with the metatarsals to form a single tarsometatarsus bone, effectively giving the leg a third segment
database_cross_reference: BTO:0002343
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:25072
database_cross_reference: FMA:24491
database_cross_reference: GAID:194
database_cross_reference: MA:0000297
database_cross_reference: MESH:D013639
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C12796
database_cross_reference: SCTID:108372004
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0039316
database_cross_reference: galen:TarsalBone
has_exact_synonym: ankle bone
has_exact_synonym: bone of ankle
has_exact_synonym: bone of tarsal skeleton
has_exact_synonym: bone of tarsus
has_exact_synonym: ossa tarsalia
has_exact_synonym: ossa tarsi
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: bony tarsus
has_related_synonym: hind mesopodium
has_related_synonym: tarsal
has_related_synonym: tarsus osseus
id: UBERON:0001447
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0004454
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0009879
subclass of: UBERON_0003656
subclass of: pes bone
subclass of: UBERON_0015050
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001474
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0004454

glenohumeral joint
type: Class
definition: The glenohumeral joint, commonly known as the shoulder joint, is a multiaxial synovial ball and socket joint and involves articulation between the glenoid fossa of the scapula (shoulder blade) and the head of the humerus (upper arm bone). [WP,unvetted].
editor note: note that in this ontology 'glenoid fossa' is a cavity (consistent with FMA) - consider adding a class for the surface of the scapula that is adjacent to this cavity, and making a more explicit connects relationship
imported from: uberon.owl
external_ontology_notes: in FMA, this is part of the bony pectoral girdle, alongside the skeleton of pectoral girdle
has_broad_synonym: joint of shoulder
has_broad_synonym: shoulder joint
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:19105
database_cross_reference: FMA:25912
database_cross_reference: GAID:269
database_cross_reference: MA:0000459
database_cross_reference: MESH:D012785
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C33548
database_cross_reference: SCTID:182168000
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0037009
database_cross_reference: VHOG:0001002
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Glenohumeral_joint
database_cross_reference: galen:ShoulderJoint
has_exact_synonym: articulatio humeri
has_exact_synonym: humeral joint
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: humeroscapular joint
id: UBERON:0001470
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001467
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: scapulocoracoid
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002220
  some values from: glenoid fossa
subclass of: synovial joint of pectoral girdle
subclass of: UBERON_0011139
subclass of: shoulder joint

proximal carpal bone
type: Class
definition: A carpal bone that proximally_connected_to a forelimb zeugopod skeleton.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:36164
database_cross_reference: FMA:33302
database_cross_reference: MA:0002557
database_cross_reference: SCTID:306715004
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001480
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0009880
subclass of: carpal bone
subclass of: proximal mesopodial bone
subclass of: proximal carpal endochondral element

triceps surae
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

neurocranium
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

upper lip
type: Class
definition: Lip that covers the upper portion of the mouth.[TAO].
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth. [ZFIN:Curator][VHOG]
external_definition: Lip that covers the upper portion of the mouth.[TAO]
has_alternative_id: UBERON:0003391
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:17925
database_cross_reference: FMA:59817
database_cross_reference: MA:0000919
database_cross_reference: SCTID:245776003
database_cross_reference: TAO:0001970
database_cross_reference: VHOG:0001750
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Upper_lip
database_cross_reference: ZFA:0005226
has_exact_synonym: upper jaw lip
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: labium superius oris
id: UBERON:0001834
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
in_subset: uberon slim
in_subset: vertebrate core
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001709
subclass of: UBERON_0001833
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001833
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001709

viscus
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: UBERON_0005177

cervical vertebra
type: Class
definition: A vertebra that is located in the cervical region of the vertebral column.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
taxon_notes: In some species, some parts of the skull may be composed of vertebra-like elements, e.g. the occipital bone in humans is composed of four vertebra-like segments. In many vertebrate species, cervical vertebrae are variable in number; however, almost all mammals have seven (including those with very short necks relative to body size, such as elephants or whales, and those with very long necks, such as giraffes). The few exceptions include the manatee and the sloths, of which the two-toed sloth has six cervical vertebrae and the three-toed sloth has up to nine cervical vertebrae. In many species, though not in mammals, the cervical vertebrae bear ribs. In many other groups, such as lizards and saurischian dinosaurs, the cervical ribs are large; in birds they are small and completely fused to the vertebrae. The transverse processes of mammals are homologous to the cervical ribs of other amniotes. Thoracic vertebrae in all species are defined as those vertebrae which also carry a pair of ribs, and lie caudal to the cervical vertebrae. In humans, cervical vertebrae are the smallest of the true vertebrae, and can be readily distinguished from those of the thoracic or lumbar regions by the presence of a foramen (hole) in each transverse process, through which passes the vertebral artery.
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:17674
database_cross_reference: FMA:9915
database_cross_reference: GAID:235
database_cross_reference: MA:0000311
database_cross_reference: MESH:D002574
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C12693
database_cross_reference: SCTID:181820005
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae
database_cross_reference: XAO:0003076
database_cross_reference: galen:CervicalVertebra
has_exact_synonym: cervical vertebrae
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: vertebrae cervicales
id: UBERON:0002413
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0000974
subclass of: neck bone
subclass of: UBERON_0004247
subclass of: trunk or cervical vertebra
subclass of: cervical vertebra endochondral element

integumental system
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

muscle of posterior compartment of hindlimb stylopod
type: Class
definition: Any of the posterior thigh muscles. [WP,modified].
editor note: check FMA, singular.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_alternative_id: UBERON:0008538
database_cross_reference: BTO:0003179
database_cross_reference: EHDAA2:0000727
database_cross_reference: EHDAA:8295
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:19145
database_cross_reference: FMA:22427
database_cross_reference: FMA:81022
database_cross_reference: MA:0002312
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C53042
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0584895
database_cross_reference: VHOG:0000844
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Hamstring
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Posterior_compartment_of_thigh
has_exact_synonym: hamstring muscle
has_exact_synonym: muscle of posterior compartment of thigh
has_exact_synonym: posterior femoral muscle
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: hamstring
has_related_synonym: muscularis compartimentum femoris posterius
has_related_synonym: posterior fascial compartment of thigh
has_related_synonym: posterior femoral muscles
has_related_synonym: set of hamstring muscles
id: UBERON:0002463
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0000376
subclass of: hindlimb stylopod muscle

surface structure
type: Class
definition: Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism.
editor note: consider obsoleting. See issue/1305
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: Organism subdivision which is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface.[ZFA]
contributor: cmungall
contributor: wdahdul
database_cross_reference: AAO:0010337
database_cross_reference: AEO_RETIRED:0000010
database_cross_reference: EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003010
database_cross_reference: TAO:0000292
database_cross_reference: VSAO:0000001
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Surface_structure
database_cross_reference: XAO:0003028
database_cross_reference: ZFA:0000292
database_cross_reference: galen:SurfaceRegion
has_exact_synonym: anatomical surface feature
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: surface feature
has_related_synonym: surface region
has_related_synonym: surface structures
id: UBERON:0003102
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: upper level
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002220
  some values from: space surrounding organism
subclass of: UBERON_0000061

dermatocranium
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

shoulder bone
type: Class
definition: A bone that is connected via a shoulder joint (i.e. glenohumeral or acromioclavicular joints). The shoulder bones are the clavicle, scapula and humerus - but note that these are only considered to be shoulder bones when a true shoulder is present, as in most tetrapods.
imported from: uberon.owl
external_ontology_notes: this is a forelimb bone in MA, but this would lead to part-disjointness violations.
database_cross_reference: MA:0000631
has_exact_synonym: bone of shoulder
has_exact_synonym: shoulder-articulating bone
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0003461
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: skeleton of pectoral complex
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002131
  some values from: shoulder joint
subclass of: bone of pectoral complex
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001474
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0002131
    some values from: shoulder joint

facial bone
type: Class
definition: A bone that is part of a facial skeleton [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: test whether 'facial bone' is an exact synonym
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:19019
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:35924
database_cross_reference: MA:0001482
database_cross_reference: MA:0003159
database_cross_reference: MESH:D005147
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C63706
database_cross_reference: SCTID:181799005
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0015455
has_exact_synonym: bone of facial skeleton
has_exact_synonym: facial bone
has_exact_synonym: facial skeleton bone
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: bone of viscerocranium
has_related_synonym: viscerocranium bone
id: UBERON:0003462
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0011156
subclass of: head bone
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001474
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0011156

hindlimb connective tissue
type: Class
definition: A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37322
database_cross_reference: MA:0000661
has_exact_synonym: connective tissue of hind limb
has_exact_synonym: connective tissue of hindlimb
has_exact_synonym: connective tissue of inferior member
has_exact_synonym: connective tissue of lower extremity
has_exact_synonym: hind limb connective tissue
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0003589
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002103
subclass of: limb connective tissue
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002384
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002103

manual digit 3
type: Class
definition: 3rd digit of the manus.
imported from: uberon.owl
ambiguous for taxon: NCBITaxon 8782
taxon_notes: This class represents the standard tetrapod configuration. Wagner proposes that avian digits I,II,III develop from C2,C3,C4. To support this scheme we have separate classes representing the avian digits (here called alula, manual digit, major digit).
database_cross_reference: AAO:0010641
database_cross_reference: EHDAA2:0000523
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:17435
database_cross_reference: FMA:24947
database_cross_reference: MA:0000456
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C52836
database_cross_reference: SCTID:362763005
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0230393
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Middle_finger
has_exact_synonym: 3rd digit of hand
has_exact_synonym: 3rd finger
has_exact_synonym: digit 3 of fore-paw
has_exact_synonym: finger 3
has_exact_synonym: fore digit III
has_exact_synonym: fore limb digit 3
has_exact_synonym: hand digit 3
has_exact_synonym: manual digit III
has_exact_synonym: third digit of hand
has_exact_synonym: third finger
has_narrow_synonym: hand digit 3
has_narrow_synonym: middle finger
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: digitus medius
has_related_synonym: long finger
id: UBERON:0003623
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002398
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0012141
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: manual digit 3 plus metapodial segment
subclass of: UBERON_0006050
subclass of: manual digit 2, 3 or 4
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0006050
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002398

metacarpal bone of digit 1
type: Class
definition: A metacarpal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of manual digit 1.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
external_definition: The first metacarpal bone or the metacarpal bone of the thumb is the first bone of the thumb. It is connected to the trapezium of the carpus at the first carpometacarpal joint and to the proximal thumb phalanx at the first metacarpophalangeal joint[Wikipedia:First_metacarpal_bone].
ray number: 1
database_cross_reference: AAO:0010616
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:19112
database_cross_reference: FMA:23899
database_cross_reference: MA:0001364
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C52796
database_cross_reference: SCTID:181973009
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C1708987
has_exact_synonym: finger 1 metacarpus
has_exact_synonym: first digit of hand metacarpal
has_exact_synonym: first digit of hand metacarpal bone
has_exact_synonym: first metacarpal bone
has_exact_synonym: hand digit 1 metacarpal
has_exact_synonym: hand digit 1 metacarpal bone
has_exact_synonym: manual digit 1 metacarpus
has_exact_synonym: metacarpal 1
has_exact_synonym: metacarpal I
has_exact_synonym: metacarpal bone digit 1
has_exact_synonym: metacarpal bone of digit I
has_exact_synonym: metacarpal bone of first digit of hand
has_exact_synonym: metacarpal bone of hand digit 1
has_exact_synonym: metacarpal bone of thumb
has_exact_synonym: metacarpal of first digit of hand
has_exact_synonym: metacarpal of hand digit 1
has_exact_synonym: metacarpal of thumb
has_exact_synonym: thumb metacarpal
has_exact_synonym: thumb metacarpal bone
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: forelimb digit 1 metacarpus
id: UBERON:0003645
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: UBERON_0002374
subclass of: metapodium bone 1
subclass of: manual digit 1 metacarpus endochondral element

metacarpal bone of digit 3
type: Class
definition: A metacarpal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3[Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
external_definition: Dumb-bell-shaped bone of endochondral origin with cartilaginous epiphyses that articulates with carpal 3(2) proximally and with the proximal phalanx of digit III(II) distally.[AAO]
external_definition: The third metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the middle finger) is a little smaller than the second. The dorsal aspect of its base presents on its radial side a pyramidal eminence, the styloid process, which extends upward behind the capitate; immediately distal to this is a rough surface for the attachment of the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle. The carpal articular facet is concave behind, flat in front, and articulates with the capitate. On the radial side is a smooth, concave facet for articulation with the second metacarpal, and on the ulnar side two small oval facets for the fourth metacarpal[Wikipedia:Third_metacarpal_bone].
ray number: 3
database_cross_reference: AAO:0000854
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:19116
database_cross_reference: FMA:23901
database_cross_reference: MA:0001366
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C52794
database_cross_reference: SCTID:263400000
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C1708989
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Third_metacarpal_bone
has_exact_synonym: 3 rd digit of hand metacarpal
has_exact_synonym: 3 rd digit of hand metacarpal bone
has_exact_synonym: 3 rd finger metacarpal
has_exact_synonym: 3 rd finger metacarpal bone
has_exact_synonym: finger 3 metacarpus
has_exact_synonym: hand digit 3 metacarpal
has_exact_synonym: hand digit 3 metacarpal bone
has_exact_synonym: manual digit 3 metacarpus
has_exact_synonym: metacarpal 3
has_exact_synonym: metacarpal III
has_exact_synonym: metacarpal bone digit 3
has_exact_synonym: metacarpal bone of 3 rd digit of hand
has_exact_synonym: metacarpal bone of 3 rd finger
has_exact_synonym: metacarpal bone of digit III
has_exact_synonym: metacarpal bone of hand digit 3
has_exact_synonym: metacarpal bone of third finger
has_exact_synonym: metacarpal of 3 rd digit of hand
has_exact_synonym: metacarpal of 3 rd finger
has_exact_synonym: metacarpal of hand digit 3
has_exact_synonym: metacarpal of third finger
has_exact_synonym: third finger metacarpal
has_exact_synonym: third finger metacarpal bone
has_exact_synonym: third metacarpal bone
has_narrow_synonym: forelimb cannon bone
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: forelimb digit 3 metacarpus
id: UBERON:0003647
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: UBERON_0002374
subclass of: metapodium bone 3
subclass of: manual digit 3 metacarpus endochondral element

metatarsal bone of digit 3
type: Class
definition: A metatarsal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3[Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
external_definition: Dumb-bell-shaped bone of endochondral origin with cartilaginous epiphyses that articulates with tarsal 3 proximally and with the proximal phalanx of digit III distally.[AAO]
external_definition: The third metatarsal bone articulates proximally, by means of a triangular smooth surface, with the third cuneiform; medially, by two facets, with the second metatarsal; and laterally, by a single facet, with the fourth metatarsal. This last facet is situated at the dorsal angle of the base[Wikipedia:Third_metatarsal_bone].
ray number: 3
database_cross_reference: AAO:0000927
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:19127
database_cross_reference: FMA:24504
database_cross_reference: MA:0001371
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C52789
database_cross_reference: SCTID:182134006
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C1709001
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Third_metatarsal_bone
has_exact_synonym: foot digit 3 metatarsal bone
has_exact_synonym: metatarsal 3
has_exact_synonym: metatarsal III
has_exact_synonym: metatarsal bone digit 3
has_exact_synonym: metatarsal bone of digit III
has_exact_synonym: metatarsal bone of foot digit 3
has_exact_synonym: third metatarsal bone
has_exact_synonym: toe 3 metatarsal
has_exact_synonym: toe 3 metatarsus
has_narrow_synonym: hindlimb cannon bone
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: hindlimb digit 3 metatarsal
id: UBERON:0003652
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: UBERON_0001448
subclass of: metapodium bone 3
subclass of: pedal digit 3 metatarsal endochondral element

limb muscle
type: Class
definition: Any muscle organ that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
database_cross_reference: MA:0000692
has_exact_synonym: limb muscle organ
has_exact_synonym: limb skeletal muscle
has_exact_synonym: muscle organ of limb
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0003661
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002101
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: musculature of limb
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002473
  some values from: UBERON_0001134
subclass of: UBERON_0014892
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002101

hindlimb joint
type: Class
definition: A limb joint that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
fma_set_term: FMA_71348
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:32635
database_cross_reference: MA:0000662
database_cross_reference: SCTID:304573000
has_exact_synonym: hind limb joint of limb
has_exact_synonym: hind limb limb joint
has_exact_synonym: hindlimb joint of limb
has_exact_synonym: hindlimb limb joint
has_exact_synonym: inferior member joint of limb
has_exact_synonym: inferior member limb joint
has_exact_synonym: joint of free lower limb
has_exact_synonym: joint of limb of hind limb
has_exact_synonym: joint of limb of hindlimb
has_exact_synonym: joint of limb of inferior member
has_exact_synonym: joint of limb of lower extremity
has_exact_synonym: joint of lower limb
has_exact_synonym: limb joint of hind limb
has_exact_synonym: limb joint of hindlimb
has_exact_synonym: limb joint of inferior member
has_exact_synonym: limb joint of lower extremity
has_exact_synonym: lower extremity joint of limb
has_exact_synonym: lower extremity limb joint
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0003840
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002103
subclass of: UBERON_0003657
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0000982
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002103

orbital region
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

hindlimb stylopod muscle
type: Class
definition: Any muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb stylopod (upper leg)[Automatically generated definition].
imported from: uberon.owl
has_alternative_id: UBERON:0000374
database_cross_reference: BTO:0001367
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:19144
database_cross_reference: FMA:22470
database_cross_reference: MA:0000684
database_cross_reference: SCTID:245013005
has_exact_synonym: muscle of thigh
has_exact_synonym: thigh muscle
has_exact_synonym: upper leg muscle
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0004252
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0000376
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: musculature of hindlimb stylopod
subclass of: muscle of leg
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000376

hindlimb zeugopod muscle
type: Class
definition: Any muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb zeugopod (lower leg) [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: the FMA class 'muscle of leg' belongs here, do not move[cjm]
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
terminology_notes: See notes on UBERON:0000978 for possible terminological confusion over term 'leg'
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:19318
database_cross_reference: FMA:22471
database_cross_reference: MA:0000678
database_cross_reference: SCTID:265806001
has_exact_synonym: lower leg muscle
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: calf muscle
has_related_synonym: muscle of leg
id: UBERON:0004256
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: musculature of hindlimb zeugopod
subclass of: muscle of leg
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0003823

distal epiphysis of humerus
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

arterial system
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

reproductive structure
type: Class
definition: Any anatomical structure that is part of the reproductive system.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_exact_synonym: reproductive system element
has_exact_synonym: reproductive system structure
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0005156
in_subset: grouping class
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: reproductive system
subclass of: UBERON_0010000
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0010000
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: reproductive system

abdomen element
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: UBERON_0005173

tubercle
type: Class
definition: A round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth on an anatomical surface, such as bones, skin, or within the lungs (in the case of tuberculosis). They are also found on the leading edge of Humpback Whale's flippers, improving fluid flow over the flipper's surface[WP].
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: AAO:0010605
database_cross_reference: BTO:0002173
database_cross_reference: FMA:75429
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Tubercle_(anatomy)
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: tuber
id: UBERON:0005813
in_subset: grouping class
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: upper level
subclass of: UBERON_0004529

leg bone
type: Class
definition: A bone that is part of the region of the hindlimb that includes the zeugopod and stylopod. Examples: patella, femur, tibia. Counter-examples: any pes phalanx.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:37304
database_cross_reference: MA:0000670
database_cross_reference: MESH:D007867
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0005893
in_subset: grouping class
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0000978
subclass of: UBERON_0003464
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001474
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0000978

surface groove
type: Class
definition: A furrow or an incomplete tube.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: AEO:0000161
database_cross_reference: EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003161
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: groove
id: UBERON:0006846
in_subset: grouping class
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
comment: Surface groove is modelled as immaterial - see https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/2667 for discussion
subclass of: UBERON_0000466

palmar/plantar part of autopod
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0008837
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002470
subclass of: UBERON_0002529

subdivision of trunk
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: FMA:25054
database_cross_reference: SCTID:22943007
has_exact_synonym: region of trunk
has_exact_synonym: trunk subdivision
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0009569
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: non informative
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002100
subclass of: UBERON_0000475

mesopodial skeleton
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

collection of hairs
type: Class
definition: An anatomical cluster that composed_primarily_of a strand of hair.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: FMA:70752
has_exact_synonym: hairs
has_exact_synonym: hairs set
has_exact_synonym: pili
has_exact_synonym: set of hairs
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0010164
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: anatomical collection

appendage girdle complex
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

bone of pectoral complex
type: Class
definition: A bone that is part of a pectoral complex. Examples: scapula, manus phalanx, any carpal bone, any bone of the pectoral fin.
editor note: considering adding pectoral and pelvic complex skeleton classes
imported from: uberon.owl
external_ontology_notes: note that the MA class includes girdle parts so it belongs here;
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:35933
database_cross_reference: MA:0000612
has_narrow_synonym: wing bone
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: bone of forelimb or pectoral fin or pectoral girdle
has_related_synonym: forelimb bone
id: UBERON:0010741
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002091
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0010708
subclass of: UBERON_0010740
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001474
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0010708

pelvic complex muscle
type: Class
definition: Muscles of the pelvic girdle, hindlimb or pelvic fin.
imported from: uberon.owl
external_definition: Muscles of the pelvic girdle, thigh, leg (crus), and foot (pes).[AAO]
database_cross_reference: AAO:0000218
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:32634
database_cross_reference: FMA:9622
database_cross_reference: MA:0000663
has_exact_synonym: pelvic girdle and hind limb muscles
has_narrow_synonym: pelvic girdle or hind limb muscle
has_narrow_synonym: pelvic girdle or posterior limb muscle
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: lower limb muscle
has_related_synonym: muscle of lower limb
has_related_synonym: muscle of pelvic girdle and leg
id: UBERON:0010890
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0010709
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: musculature of pelvic complex
subclass of: UBERON_0014892
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0010709

ossicle
type: Class
definition: Skeletal element that is often isolated, small, and variable in composition.
imported from: uberon.owl
present in taxon: NCBITaxon 9606
database_cross_reference: VSAO:0000132
database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Ossicles
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0010911
in_subset: human reference atlas
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
comment: Ossicles are composed of a combination skeletal tissues, including bone, calcified cartilage, hyaline cartilage, etc, and exhibit variable development across species. Ossicles are not necessarily jointed, and examples include the menisci of synovial joints, 'Panda's thumb' (radial sesamoid), cardiac skeletal elements, sclerotic bones, middle ear ossicles, and sesamoids.
subclass of: UBERON_0004765

thoracic vertebra 8
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

nonsynovial joint
type: Class
definition: Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments or fibrocartilage without an intervening synovial cavity. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, costochondral joint, pubic symphysis.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: FMA:7491
has_exact_synonym: solid joint
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0011134
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: UBERON_0000982

appendicular ossicle
type: Class
definition: Ossicle that is part of the appendicular skeleton.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: VSAO:0000131
database_cross_reference: XAO:0004194
has_exact_synonym: ossicle of appendicular skeleton
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0011141
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
comment: Examples of appendicular ossicles include the patella and meniscus of the knee joint.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002091
subclass of: ossicle
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: ossicle
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0002091

jaw region
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

digitopodium region
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

skeleton of digitopodium
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

skeleton of manual digitopodium
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

radius endochondral element
type: Class
definition: The major preaxial endrochondral skeletal element in the anterior zeugopod.
imported from: uberon.owl
contributor: cmungall
contributor: mellybelly
has_broad_synonym: radius skeletal element
has_exact_synonym: radius element
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0015001
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0010703
subclass of: UBERON_0015021
equivalent class: Class
  union of: UBERON_0001423
  union of: radius cartilage element
  union of: radius pre-cartilage condensation

ulna endochondral element
type: Class
definition: Major postaxial endrochondral skeletal element in the anterior zeugopod.
imported from: uberon.owl
contributor: cmungall
contributor: mellybelly
has_broad_synonym: ulna skeletal element
has_exact_synonym: ulna element
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0015003
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
comment: The corresponding element in the posterior fin/limb is the fibula.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0010703
subclass of: UBERON_0015021
equivalent class: Class
  union of: UBERON_0001424
  union of: ulna cartilage element
  union of: ulna pre-cartilage condensation

tibia endochondral element
type: Class
definition: The major preaxial endochondral element in the posterior zeugopod[Phenoscape].
imported from: uberon.owl
contributor: cmungall
contributor: mellybelly
has_broad_synonym: tibia skeletal element
has_exact_synonym: tibia element
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0015004
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0010720
subclass of: UBERON_0015022
equivalent class: Class
  union of: UBERON_0000979
  union of: tibia cartilage element
  union of: tibia pre-cartilage condensation

cervical vertebra endochondral element
type: Class
definition: A vertebral endochondral element in the cervical region of the vertebral column.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_broad_synonym: cervical vertebra skeletal element
has_exact_synonym: cervical vertebra element
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0015007
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: cervical region of vertebral column
subclass of: UBERON_0005174
subclass of: UBERON_0010913
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0010913
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: cervical region of vertebral column
equivalent class: Class
  union of: cervical vertebra
  union of: cervical vertebra cartilage element
  union of: cervical vertebra pre-cartilage condensation

thoracic vertebra endochondral element
type: Class
definition: A vertebral endochondral element in the thoracic region of the vertebral column.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_broad_synonym: thoracic vertebra skeletal element
has_exact_synonym: thoracic vertebra element
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0015008
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: thoracic region of vertebral column
subclass of: UBERON_0005174
subclass of: UBERON_0005181
subclass of: UBERON_0010913
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0010913
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: thoracic region of vertebral column
equivalent class: Class
  union of: UBERON_0002347
  union of: thoracic vertebra cartilage element
  union of: thoracic vertebra pre-cartilage condensation

lumbar vertebra endochondral element
type: Class
definition: A lumbar vertebra bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_broad_synonym: lumbar vertebra skeletal element
has_exact_synonym: lumbar vertebra element
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0015009
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: lumbar region of vertebral column
subclass of: UBERON_0005173
subclass of: UBERON_0005174
subclass of: UBERON_0010913
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0010913
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: lumbar region of vertebral column
equivalent class: Class
  union of: UBERON_0002414
  union of: lumbar vertebra cartilage element
  union of: lumbar vertebra pre-cartilage condensation

sacral vertebra endochondral element
type: Class
definition: A vertebra endochondral element that is part of the sacral region of the vertebral column.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_broad_synonym: sacral vertebra skeletal element
has_exact_synonym: sacral vertebra element
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0015010
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: sacral region of vertebral column
subclass of: UBERON_0005174
subclass of: pelvic region element
subclass of: UBERON_0010913
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0010913
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: sacral region of vertebral column
equivalent class: Class
  union of: sacral vertebra
  union of: sacral vertebra pre-cartilage condensation
  union of: sacral vertebra cartilage element

fibula endochondral element
type: Class
definition: The major postaxial endochondral element in the posterior zeugopod[Phenoscape].
imported from: uberon.owl
contributor: cmungall
contributor: mellybelly
has_broad_synonym: fibula skeletal element
has_exact_synonym: fibula element
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0015013
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0010720
subclass of: UBERON_0015022
equivalent class: Class
  union of: UBERON_0001446
  union of: fibula cartilage element
  union of: fibula pre-cartilage condensation

calcaneum endochondral element
type: Class
definition: A calcaneum bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_broad_synonym: calcaneum skeletal element
has_exact_synonym: calcaneum element
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0015014
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0009879
subclass of: UBERON_0015050
equivalent class: Class
  union of: UBERON_0001450
  union of: calcaneum pre-cartilage condensation
  union of: calcaneum cartilage element

rib endochondral element
type: Class
definition: A rib bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.
imported from: uberon.owl
taxon_notes: Humans have 24 ribs (12 pairs). The first seven sets of ribs, known as 'true ribs', are directly attached to the sternum through the costal cartilage. The following five sets are known as 'false ribs', three of these sharing a common cartilaginous connection to the sternum, while the last two (eleventh and twelfth ribs) are termed floating ribs (costae fluitantes) or vertebral ribs. They are attached to the vertebrae only, and not to the sternum or cartilage coming off of the sternum. Some people are missing one of the two pairs of floating ribs, while others have a third pair. Rib removal is the surgical excision of ribs for therapeutic or cosmetic reasons. In fish, there are often two sets of ribs attached to the vertebral column. One set, the dorsal ribs, are found in the dividing septum between the upper and lower parts of the main muscle segments, projecting roughly sideways from the vertebral column. The second set, of ventral ribs arise from the vertebral column just below the dorsal ribs, and enclose the lower body, often joining at the tips. Not all species possess both types of rib, with the dorsal ribs being most commonly absent. Sharks, for example, have no dorsal ribs, and only very short ventral ribs, while lampreys have no ribs at all. In some teleosts, there may be additional rib-like bones within the muscle mass. Tetrapods, however, only ever have a single set of ribs which are probably homologous with the dorsal ribs of fishes. In the early tetrapods, every vertebra bore a pair of ribs, although those on the thoracic vertebrae are typically the longest. The sacral ribs were stout and short, since they formed part of the pelvis, connecting the backbone to the hip bones.[1] In most subsequent forms, many of these early ribs have been lost, and in living amphibians and reptiles, there is great variation in rib structure and number. For example, turtles have only eight pairs of ribs, which are developed into a bony or cartilagenous carapace and plastro…
has_broad_synonym: rib skeletal element
has_exact_synonym: rib element
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0015019
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: rib skeletal system
subclass of: UBERON_0010363
equivalent class: Class
  union of: UBERON_0002228
  union of: rib cartilage element
  union of: rib pre-cartilage condensation

pedal digit 1 metatarsal endochondral element
type: Class
definition: A pedal digit 1 metatarsal bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_broad_synonym: pedal digit 1 metatarsal skeletal element
has_exact_synonym: pedal digit 1 metatarsal element
has_exact_synonym: pedal digit I metatarsal endochondral element
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0015037
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: pedal digit 1 digitopodial skeleton
subclass of: UBERON_0015036
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015036
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: pedal digit 1 digitopodial skeleton
equivalent class: Class
  union of: UBERON_0003650
  union of: pedal digit 1 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
  union of: pedal digit 1 metatarsal cartilage element

pedal digit 2 metatarsal endochondral element
type: Class
definition: A pedal digit 2 metatarsal bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_broad_synonym: pedal digit 2 metatarsal skeletal element
has_exact_synonym: pedal digit 2 metatarsal element
has_exact_synonym: pedal digit II metatarsal endochondral element
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0015038
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: pedal digit 2 digitopodial skeleton
subclass of: UBERON_0015036
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015036
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: pedal digit 2 digitopodial skeleton
equivalent class: Class
  union of: UBERON_0003651
  union of: pedal digit 2 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
  union of: pedal digit 2 metatarsal cartilage element

pedal digit 3 metatarsal endochondral element
type: Class
definition: A pedal digit 3 metatarsal bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_broad_synonym: pedal digit 3 metatarsal skeletal element
has_exact_synonym: pedal digit 3 metatarsal element
has_exact_synonym: pedal digit III metatarsal endochondral element
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0015039
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: pedal digit 3 digitopodial skeleton
subclass of: UBERON_0015036
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015036
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: pedal digit 3 digitopodial skeleton
equivalent class: Class
  union of: metatarsal bone of digit 3
  union of: pedal digit 3 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
  union of: pedal digit 3 metatarsal cartilage element

pedal digit 4 metatarsal endochondral element
type: Class
definition: A pedal digit 4 metatarsal bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_broad_synonym: pedal digit 4 metatarsal skeletal element
has_exact_synonym: pedal digit 4 metatarsal element
has_exact_synonym: pedal digit IV metatarsal endochondral element
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0015040
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: pedal digit 4 digitopodial skeleton
subclass of: UBERON_0015036
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015036
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: pedal digit 4 digitopodial skeleton
equivalent class: Class
  union of: UBERON_0003653
  union of: pedal digit 4 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
  union of: pedal digit 4 metatarsal cartilage element

pedal digit 5 metatarsal endochondral element
type: Class
definition: A pedal digit 5 metatarsal bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_broad_synonym: pedal digit 5 metatarsal skeletal element
has_exact_synonym: pedal digit 5 metatarsal element
has_exact_synonym: pedal digit V metatarsal endochondral element
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0015041
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: pedal digit 5 digitopodial skeleton
subclass of: UBERON_0015036
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015036
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: pedal digit 5 digitopodial skeleton
equivalent class: Class
  union of: UBERON_0003654
  union of: pedal digit 5 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
  union of: pedal digit 5 metatarsal cartilage element

manual digit 1 metacarpus endochondral element
type: Class
definition: A manual digit 1 metacarpus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_broad_synonym: manual digit 1 metacarpus skeletal element
has_exact_synonym: manual digit 1 metacarpus element
has_exact_synonym: manual digit I metacarpus endochondral element
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0015043
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: manual digit 1 digitopodial skeleton
subclass of: UBERON_0015042
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015042
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: manual digit 1 digitopodial skeleton
equivalent class: Class
  union of: metacarpal bone of digit 1
  union of: manual digit 1 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
  union of: manual digit 1 metacarpus cartilage element

manual digit 2 metacarpus endochondral element
type: Class
definition: A manual digit 2 metacarpus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_broad_synonym: manual digit 2 metacarpus skeletal element
has_exact_synonym: manual digit 2 metacarpus element
has_exact_synonym: manual digit II metacarpus endochondral element
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0015044
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: manual digit 2 digitopodial skeleton
subclass of: UBERON_0015042
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015042
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: manual digit 2 digitopodial skeleton
equivalent class: Class
  union of: UBERON_0003646
  union of: manual digit 2 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
  union of: manual digit 2 metacarpus cartilage element

manual digit 3 metacarpus endochondral element
type: Class
definition: A manual digit 3 metacarpus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_broad_synonym: manual digit 3 metacarpus skeletal element
has_exact_synonym: manual digit 3 metacarpus element
has_exact_synonym: manual digit III metacarpus endochondral element
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0015045
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: manual digit 3 digitopodial skeleton
subclass of: UBERON_0015042
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015042
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: manual digit 3 digitopodial skeleton
equivalent class: Class
  union of: metacarpal bone of digit 3
  union of: manual digit 3 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
  union of: manual digit 3 metacarpus cartilage element

manual digit 4 metacarpus endochondral element
type: Class
definition: A manual digit 4 metacarpus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_broad_synonym: manual digit 4 metacarpus skeletal element
has_exact_synonym: manual digit 4 metacarpus element
has_exact_synonym: manual digit IV metacarpus endochondral element
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0015046
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: manual digit 4 digitopodial skeleton
subclass of: UBERON_0015042
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015042
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: manual digit 4 digitopodial skeleton
equivalent class: Class
  union of: UBERON_0003648
  union of: manual digit 4 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
  union of: manual digit 4 metacarpus cartilage element

manual digit 5 metacarpus endochondral element
type: Class
definition: A manual digit 5 metacarpus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_broad_synonym: manual digit 5 metacarpus skeletal element
has_exact_synonym: manual digit 5 metacarpus element
has_exact_synonym: manual digit V metacarpus endochondral element
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0015047
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: manual digit 5 digitopodial skeleton
subclass of: UBERON_0015042
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015042
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: manual digit 5 digitopodial skeleton
equivalent class: Class
  union of: UBERON_0003649
  union of: manual digit 5 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
  union of: manual digit 5 metacarpus cartilage element

femur endochondral element
type: Class
definition: A femur bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_broad_synonym: femur skeletal element
has_exact_synonym: femur element
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0015052
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0000376
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001441
subclass of: UBERON_0015022
equivalent class: Class
  union of: UBERON_0000981
  union of: femur pre-cartilage condensation
  union of: femur cartilage element

humerus endochondral element
type: Class
definition: A humerus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_broad_synonym: humerus skeletal element
has_exact_synonym: humerus element
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0015053
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001440
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0003822
subclass of: UBERON_0015021
equivalent class: Class
  union of: UBERON_0000976
  union of: humerus cartilage element
  union of: humerus pre-cartilage condensation

scapula endochondral element
type: Class
definition: A scapula bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_broad_synonym: scapula skeletal element
has_exact_synonym: scapula element
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0015057
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0007831
subclass of: UBERON_0010363
equivalent class: Class
  union of: scapula cartilage element
  union of: scapula pre-cartilage condensation
  union of: UBERON_0006849

shoulder joint
type: Class
definition: The joint that is formed by the union of the humerus, the scapula (or shoulder blade), and the clavicle (or collarbone). Commonly thought of as a single joint, the shoulder is actually made up of two separate joints - the glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints.
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: MESH:D012785
database_cross_reference: SCTID:361835002
has_exact_synonym: joint of shoulder region
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0016884
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001467
subclass of: UBERON_0000982
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0000982
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001467

frenulum of lip
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
database_cross_reference: FMA:59820
database_cross_reference: SCTID:264053009
has_exact_synonym: frenulum labii
has_exact_synonym: labial frenulum
has_exact_synonym: lip frenulum
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: medial labial frenulum
id: UBERON:0016910
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001833
subclass of: oral frenulum
subclass of: mucosa of lip
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: oral frenulum
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: UBERON_0001833

distal mesopodial endochondral element
type: Class
definition: An endochondral element in the distal portion of the mesopodial skeleton, between the central mesopodial skeleton and the metapodial skeleton.
editor note: TODO add logical definition
imported from: uberon.owl
has_exact_synonym: distal mesopodial
has_obo_namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0018099
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: mesopodial skeleton
subclass of: UBERON_0015063

bladder organ
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: cavitated compound organ
subclass of: sac

manual digit 2, 3 or 4
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: medial manual digit
has_related_synonym: mesoaxial manual digit
has_related_synonym: mesoxaxial finger
id: UBERON:0019232
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002398
subclass of: UBERON_0002389
subclass of: UBERON_0019222
equivalent class: Class
  union of: UBERON_0003622
  union of: manual digit 3
  union of: UBERON_0003624

pedal digit 2, 3 or 4
type: Class
imported from: uberon.owl
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: medial pedal digit
has_related_synonym: mesoaxial pedal digit
has_related_synonym: mesoxaxial ftoe
id: UBERON:0019242
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: pheno slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: UBERON_0001466
subclass of: UBERON_0019222
equivalent class: Class
  union of: UBERON_0003632
  union of: UBERON_0003633
  union of: UBERON_0003634

skin crease
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0001062

oral frenulum
type: Class
definition: A small fold of mucous membrane in the mouth, connecting either the tongue or the lip to the mouth mucosa.
imported from: uberon.owl
has_broad_synonym: frenulum
database_cross_reference: SCTID:303771008
has_exact_synonym: oral frenula
has_exact_synonym: oral frenulum
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: oral frenum
id: UBERON:0036293
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0000165
subclass of: UBERON_0003729
equivalent class: Class
  union of: frenulum of tongue
  union of: frenulum of lip

deprecated
type: AnnotationProperty

dorsal wrist
type: Class
definition: The posterior aspect of the wrist, containing the extensor tendons and underlying carpal bones.
ilx_0112785: UBERON_0008785
type: term
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0008785
subclass of: UBERON_0001062

cubital fossa
type: Class
definition: A triangular depression on the anterior aspect of the elbow, containing important neurovascular structures.
ilx_0112785: UBERON_0001460
type: term
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001460
subclass of: UBERON_0004704

fourth metacarpal bone
type: Class
definition: The long bone in the hand that connects the fourth finger to the carpal bones of the wrist. The fourth metacarpal bone is shorter and smaller than the third. The base is small and quadrilateral.
ilx_0112785: UBERON_0001442
type: term
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: UBERON_0001442
subclass of: UBERON_0001474

TARA Acupoint Ontology Termset
definition: Terms used by TARA Acupoints ontology
type: TermSet

labor pain
type: Class
definition: Τhe pain experienced during childbirth caused by uterine contractions and cervical dilation.
subclass of: HP_0012531

Back-Shu Point of Triple Energizer Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_9507527

Influential Point of Qi Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_4235924

Back-Shu Point of the Large Intestine Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_9507527

Influential Point of Zang Organs Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_4235924

Xi-Cleft Point of the Yang Heel Vessel Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_2798650

Front-Mu Point of the Bladder Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_7571236

Front-Mu Point of the Kidney Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_7571236

Back-Shu Point of the Heart Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_9507527

Influential Point of Vessels Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_4235924

Front-Mu Point of the Lung Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_7571236

Major Luo-Connecting Point of the Spleen Role
type: Class
subclass of: Major Luo-Connecting Point Role

Back-Shu Point of the Lung Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_9507527

Back-Shu Point of the Small Intestine Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_9507527

Back-Shu Point of the Bladder Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_9507527

Influential Point of Bone Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_4235924

Xi-Cleft Point of the Yin Link Vessel Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_2798650

Front-Mu Point of Triple Energizer Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_7571236

Influential Point of Blood Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_4235924

Back-Shu Point of the Liver Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_9507527

Back-Shu Point of the Spleen Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_9507527

Influential Point of Tendon Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_4235924

Front-Mu Point of the Large Intestine Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_7571236

Lower He-Sea Point of Triple Energizer Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_2089647

Influential Point of the Marrow Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_4235924

Xi-Cleft Point of the Yang Link Vessel Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_2798650

Back-Shu Point of the Kidney Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_9507527

Front-Mu Point of the Small Intestine Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_7571236

Front-Mu Point of the Pericardium Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_7571236

Influential Point of the Fu Organs Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_4235924

Major Luo-Connecting Point Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_2162578

Front-Mu Point of the Liver Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_7571236

Back-Shu Point of the Gallbladder Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_9507527

Back-Shu Point of the Stomach Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_9507527

Front-Mu Point of the Stomach Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_7571236

The Lower He-Sea Point of the Small Intestine Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_2089647

The Lower He-Sea Point of the Large Intestine Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_2089647

Back-Shu Point of the Pericardium Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_9507527

Front-Mu Point of the Spleen Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_7571236

Xi-Cleft Point of the Yin Heel Vessel Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_2798650

Front-Mu Point of the Heart Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_7571236

Front-Mu Point of the Gallbladder Role
type: Class
subclass of: TARA_7571236

Randomised trial of long term effect of acupuncture for shoulder pain *
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Electro-acupuncture with sharp tip needles connected to an electro-acupuncture device set to 5-10 Hz to elicit light muscular twitching
Author: Juan Antonio Guerra De Hoyos, Maria Del Carmen, Andre ´s Martı ´nb, Elena Bassas, Baena De Leon, Miguel Viga ´ra Lopez, Teresa Molina, Lo ´pez, Francisco Antonio, Verdugo Morilla, Maria Jose ´gonza, ´lez Moreno, C Pastor, Landero
has controls information: The control in the study was a placebo-acupuncture group, which received skin non-penetrating blunt needles and dummy electrical stimulation, along with the option to take diclofenac for intense pain.
has country information: Spain
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2004.08.030
has listed acupoints used: LI 15, TE 14, GB 34
has needling information: 1 cun depth for all locations
has publication date: 2004
has sample size information: Total: 130 participants; Acupuncture group: 65 participants; Placebo group: 65 participants
has stimulation type: Electrical stimulation at 5-10 Hz to elicit light muscular twitching
has studied condition: Shoulder pain
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: shoulder pain from soft tissue lesions, including Cuff Tendonitis, capsulitis, bicipital tendonitis, and bursitis
has trial type: RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial)

Does acupuncture improve the orthopedic management of chronic low back pain -a randomized, blinded, controlled trial with 3 months follow up
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: Verum acupuncture involving needling specific acupuncture points, with sessions lasting 30 minutes each, administered three times a week for a total of 12 sessions. The treatment was performed by a trained medical doctor using standard points in the lumbar region and lower extremity, with needle insertion depth ranging from 1 to 10 cm to achieve Deqi sensation.
Author: Albrecht F Molsberger, Jochen Mau, Danuta B Pawelec, Ja ´nos Winkler
has controls information: Sham 1 COT (non-specific needling and COT) and nil 1 COT (COT alone)
has country information: Germany
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00269-5
has listed acupoints used: BL 23, BL 25, GB 30
has needling information: Verum acupuncture: 1 to 10 cm; Sham acupuncture: less than 1 cm
has publication date: 2002
has sample size information: Total: 186 participants, Verum 1 COT: 65, Sham 1 COT: 61, Nil 1 COT: 60
has stimulation type: Manual needle manipulation with mild to strong intensity, three times per week for 30 minutes per session.
has studied condition: HP_0003419
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: chronic low back pain
has trial type: RCT (Randomised Controlled Trial)

Acupuncture for chronic neck pain: a pilot for a randomised controlled trial
type: IAO_0000013
type: NamedIndividual
has acupuncture modality: The acupuncture modality involved up to 10 sessions using a standardised framework based on traditional Chinese medicine, including the Five Element approach. It involved the use of 5 to 24 needles per session, with needle lengths of 13-50 mm, gauges of 0.18 to 0.36 mm, and insertion depths of 0.2 to 2.5 cm. Commonly used points included GB-21, Ah Shi points, GB-20, Huatuojiaji at C6 and C7, and S-I3. Auxiliary techniques such as acupressure massage and lifestyle support were also part of the modality.
Author: Gemma C Salter, Mark Roman, Martin J Bland, Hugh Macpherson
has controls information: Usual GP care only
has country information: United Kingdom
has DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-7-99
has listed acupoints used: GB 21, GB 20, Huatuojiaji
has needling information: Needle depth: 0.2 to 2.5 cm; Needle angle: Not mentioned
has publication date: 2006
has publication venue: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
has sample size information: Total participants: 24; Acupuncture group: 10; Usual GP care group: 14
has stimulation type: Not mentioned (the paper does not specify the type or frequency of needle stimulation used in the acupuncture treatments)
has studied condition: HP_0030833
has studied condition context: HP_0012531
has studied condition note: chronic neck pain
has trial type: Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT)

realizable entity
type: Class
definition: A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.
imported from: mondo.owl
subclass of: BFO_0000020
disjoint with: quality

role
type: Class
definition: A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.
subclass of: realizable entity

immaterial entity
type: Class
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10
imported from: uberon.owl
subclass of: BFO_0000004

anterior to
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty

Autoimmunity
type: Class
subclass of: unclassified imported term

Shoulder pain
type: Class
definition: An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the shoulder.
imported from: hp.owl
database_cross_reference: SNOMEDCT_US:45326000
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0037011
has_exact_synonym: Shoulder pain
subclass of: HP_0012531

Pelvic pain
type: Class
definition: Pain perceived in the area of the pelvis, the lower part of the abdomen located between the hip bones.
imported from: hp.owl
date: 2022-05-21T15:58:13+00:00
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0736-9199
has_exact_synonym: Pain in the pelvis
subclass of: HP_0012531

arthropathy
type: Class
definition: Any disorder of the joints.
imported from: mondo.owl
excluded subClassOf: bone inflammation disease
conforms to: location.yaml
conforms to: location top.yaml
database_cross_reference: DOID:381
database_cross_reference: EFO:1000999
database_cross_reference: ICD9:711
database_cross_reference: ICD9:716.80
database_cross_reference: ICD9:716.88
database_cross_reference: ICD9:716.9
database_cross_reference: ICD9:716.90
database_cross_reference: ICD9:716.98
database_cross_reference: ICD9:719.80
database_cross_reference: ICD9:719.88
database_cross_reference: ICD9:719.89
database_cross_reference: ICD9:719.9
database_cross_reference: ICD9:719.90
database_cross_reference: ICD9:719.98
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:7190
database_cross_reference: MESH:D007592
database_cross_reference: MedDRA:10003285
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C35760
database_cross_reference: SCTID:399269003
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0022408
has_exact_synonym: Joint ankylosis of the ankle and/or foot
has_exact_synonym: Joint disorder
has_exact_synonym: ankylosis of joint of ankle and/or foot
has_exact_synonym: ankylosis of joint of forearm
has_exact_synonym: ankylosis of joint of hand
has_exact_synonym: ankylosis of joint of lower leg
has_exact_synonym: ankylosis of joint of upper arm
has_exact_synonym: arthropathy
has_exact_synonym: disease of skeletal joint
has_exact_synonym: disease or disorder of skeletal joint
has_exact_synonym: disorder of skeletal joint
has_exact_synonym: disorder, Joint
has_exact_synonym: skeletal joint disease
has_exact_synonym: skeletal joint disease or disorder
has_narrow_synonym: Joint ankylosis of the ankle and foot
has_narrow_synonym: Joint ankylosis of the forearm
has_narrow_synonym: Joint ankylosis of the hand
has_narrow_synonym: Joint ankylosis of the lower leg
has_narrow_synonym: Joint ankylosis of the pelvic region and thigh
has_narrow_synonym: Joint ankylosis of the shoulder region
has_narrow_synonym: Joint ankylosis of the upper arm
has_narrow_synonym: ankylosis of ankle and foot joint
has_narrow_synonym: ankylosis of forearm joint
has_narrow_synonym: ankylosis of hand joint
has_narrow_synonym: ankylosis of joint of multiple sites
has_narrow_synonym: ankylosis of joint of pelvic region and thigh
has_narrow_synonym: ankylosis of joint of shoulder region
has_narrow_synonym: ankylosis of lower leg joint
has_narrow_synonym: ankylosis of multiple joints
has_narrow_synonym: ankylosis of upper arm joint
has_narrow_synonym: infectious arthropathy
has_related_synonym: arthrosis
has_related_synonym: disorder of joint
has_related_synonym: joint disease
has_related_synonym: joint disorder
id: MONDO:0006816
in_subset: otar
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0004026
  some values from: UBERON_0000982
subclass of: skeletal system disorder
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: MONDO_0000001
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0004026
    some values from: UBERON_0000982

neurological pain disorder
type: Class
definition: A nervous system disorder that has pain as a major feature.
imported from: mondo.owl
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4142-7153
database_cross_reference: MEDGEN:602552
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0423704
has_exact_synonym: neurologic pain syndrome
has_exact_synonym: neurological pain disease
id: MONDO:0700057
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realized in
  some values from: sensory perception of pain
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: disease has major feature
  some values from: HP_0012531
subclass of: MONDO_0005071
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: MONDO_0005071
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: disease has major feature
    some values from: HP_0012531

sense organ
type: Class
definition: An organ that is capable of transducing sensory stimulus to the nervous system.
imported from: uberon.owl
contributor: cmungall
database_cross_reference: AEO:0000094
database_cross_reference: BSA:0000121
database_cross_reference: BTO:0000202
database_cross_reference: CALOHA:TS-2043
database_cross_reference: EHDAA2:0001824
database_cross_reference: EHDAA:500
database_cross_reference: EMAPA:35955
database_cross_reference: FBbt:00005155
database_cross_reference: GAID:63
database_cross_reference: HAO:0000930
database_cross_reference: MA:0000017
database_cross_reference: MESH:D012679
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C33224
database_cross_reference: SCTID:244485009
database_cross_reference: UMLS:C0935626
database_cross_reference: VHOG:0001407
database_cross_reference: WBbt:0006929
has_exact_synonym: organ of sense organ system
has_exact_synonym: organ of sensory organ system
has_exact_synonym: organ of sensory system
has_exact_synonym: sense organ system organ
has_exact_synonym: sensory organ
has_exact_synonym: sensory organ system organ
has_exact_synonym: sensory system organ
has_narrow_synonym: sensillum
has_obo_namespace: uberon
has_related_synonym: Sinnesorgan
has_related_synonym: sensor
id: UBERON:0000020
in_subset: human subset
in_subset: mouse subset
in_subset: uberon slim
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: sensory system
subclass of: UBERON_0000062