- title: Using JSON Schema url: https://books.apple.com/us/book/using-json-schema/id903248630 year: 2014 type: book summary: Learn and Apply JSON Schema by Example, with JavaScript (Node.js) and Python Programs - title: JSON at Work url: https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/json-at-work/9781491982389/ year: 2017 type: book summary: A comprehensive overview of the JSON ecosystem, including JSON Schema - title: API by Design url: https://smizell.gumroad.com/l/apibydesign year: 2021 type: book summary: Introduces an approach to measure API complexity by analyzing entropy in JSON Schema definitions - title: Configuring Umbraco on .NET Core - JSON Schema url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rpUg-oySw8g year: 2021 type: video summary: Configuring Umbraco on .NET Core with JSON Schema-powered autocompletions for appsettings.json using SchemaStore - title: API Storytelling with Ben Hutton url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4xbA82lo_lc year: 2021 type: video summary: This episode we sit down with Ben Hutton, the lead behind the JSON Schema community to talk about vocabularies and other ways we validate and annotate how we tell stories we tell in the API space - title: What is JSON Schema url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kK-_gL7Vsc0 year: 2020 type: video summary: A basic introduction to JSON Schema showing how to auto-generate JSON Schema document from an existing JSON document - title: "What is a JSON Schema? Generate, Modify, and Understand a JSON Schema: Example" url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hGXxXyJmaUo year: 2019 type: video summary: An in-depth introduction to JSON Schema including auto-generating JSON Schema documents using QuickType.io - title: "JSON Schema Validation: How to Validate JSON Schema with Postman?" url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X072eKtOIio year: 2019 type: video summary: An introduction to JSON Schema and how to use it in Postman - title: JSON Schema Validation in Postman url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8BfshV5n6ac year: 2021 type: video summary: An tutorial of performing JSON Schema validation in Postman in API tests - title: Master JSON Schema for OpenAPI url: https://www.sourcemeta.com/courses/jsonschema-for-openapi/ year: 2024 type: course summary: A comprehensive 9+ hour video course teaching advanced JSON Schema techniques for API design, covering dynamic references, unevaluated properties, schema composition, testing, linting, and deployment to registries - title: JSON Schema Tour url: https://tour.json-schema.org year: 2024 type: tutorial summary: An interactive tutorial to learn JSON Schema step by step - title: Learn JSON Schema url: https://www.learnjsonschema.com year: 2024 type: tutorial summary: A comprehensive JSON Schema documentation website covering all specification versions - title: JSON Schema bundling finally formalised url: https://json-schema.org/blog/posts/bundling-json-schema-compound-documents year: 2021 type: article summary: A close look at bundling and de-referencing JSON Schema documents - title: Modeling a file system with JSON Schema url: https://json-schema.org/learn/file-system.html year: 2021 type: article summary: This example shows a possible JSON Schema representation of file system mount points as represented in an /etc/fstab file - title: JSON Schema Validator, Generator & Editor Guide url: https://stoplight.io/json-guide/ year: 2018 type: article summary: How the JSON and JSON Schema standards are defined and how to put them to use in your code and in your APIs - title: "Using the JSON Schema standard for scientific applications?" url: https://cerfacs.fr/coop/json-schema-for-sci-apps year: 2020 type: article summary: A discussion on how to use JSON Schema to validate input, add precise documentation, auto-fill missing parts, and create graphical user interfaces in the context of scientific applications - title: "Building a No-Code JSON Schema Form Builder with ReactJS" url: https://www.ginkgobioworks.com/2020/10/08/building-a-no-code-json-schema-form-builder/ year: 2020 type: article summary: An update on the additional features implemented in the react-json-schema-form-builder open-source JSON Schema form builder project - title: "Saved by the Schema: Using JSON Schema to Document, Test, and Debug APIs" url: https://blog.heroku.com/json-schema-document-debug-apis year: 2019 type: article summary: Learn how Heroku uses JSON Schema to test and document their Platform API, and how it helped them uncover an unexpected bug, rooted in the way the Oj gem parses Big Decimals - title: JSON Schema Validation & Expressive Query Syntax in MongoDB 3.6 url: https://www.sitepoint.com/json-schema-validation-expressive-query-syntax-in-mongodb-3-6/ year: 2018 type: article summary: An in-depth discussion about using JSON Schema to define collection validation on MongoDB - title: Azure Pipelines autocomplete in PyCharm, IntelliJ, WebStorm, CLion, and Rider url: https://tonybaloney.github.io/posts/azure-pipelines-autocomplete-in-pycharm.html year: 2020 type: article summary: Setting up PyCharm, IntelliJ, WebStorm, CLion and Rider to have auto-complete, syntax highlighting and validation support of Azure Pipelines workflows - title: Definitions for filtering properties in JSON schema url: https://gist.github.com/LucianBuzzo/5ff9106ce3ae12fb58e4def572b9344d year: 2018 type: article summary: An introduction to the problem of using JSON Schema for data filtering and querying purposes - title: OpenAPI url: https://www.openapis.org type: spec summary: The OpenAPI Specification embeds and extends JSON Schema for defining API requests and responses - title: RAML url: https://raml.org type: spec summary: The RAML specification supports modeling API data using JSON Schema - title: W3C Web of Things url: https://www.w3.org/WoT/ type: spec summary: The Web of Things (WoT) seeks to counter the fragmentation of the IoT by using and extending existing, standardized Web technologies. WoT models data using JSON Schema - title: AsyncAPI url: https://www.asyncapi.com type: spec summary: AsyncAPI is an open source initiative that seeks to improve the current state of Event-Driven Architectures (EDA). The AsyncAPI specification supports data modeling using JSON Schema - title: JSON Schema in RDF url: https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/json-schema type: spec summary: This document introduces an RDF vocabulary for JSON Schema definitions. This vocabulary provides a stable namespace IRI for JSON Schema keywords, as well as simple axioms, defined against schema.org's meta-model - title: Semantic Definition Format (SDF) url: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-asdf-sdf/ type: spec summary: An IETF specification for modeling Internet of Things devices and their interactions through Properties, Actions, and Events. SDF uses JSON to represent definitions and incorporates JSON Schema for data validation - title: Model Context Protocol (MCP) url: https://modelcontextprotocol.io type: spec summary: An open standard by Anthropic that enables AI systems like large language models to integrate with external tools and data sources. MCP uses JSON-RPC 2.0 and JSON Schema for defining server capabilities - title: Agent2Agent Protocol (A2A) url: https://a2a-protocol.org type: spec summary: An open protocol by Google enabling communication and interoperability between agentic applications. A2A uses JSON-RPC 2.0 over HTTP and JSON Schema for defining Agent Cards and message structures - title: REST API Linked Data Keywords url: https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-polli-restapi-ld-keywords-07.html type: spec summary: An Internet-Draft proposing JSON Schema keywords to attach semantic information to OpenAPI and JSON Schema documents, enabling contract-first API design with RDF type information and JSON-LD context - title: Type Safety with JSON Subschema url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.12651 year: 2020 type: paper summary: Deciding whether one schema is a subschema of another is non-trivial because of the richness of the JSON Schema specification language. Given a pair of schemas, our approach first canonicalizes and simplifies both schemas, then decides the subschema question on the canonical forms, dispatching simpler subschema queries to type-specific checkers - title: Witness Generation for JSON Schema url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.12849 year: 2022 type: paper summary: "JSON Schema is an important, evolving standard schema language for families of JSON documents. It is based on a complex combination of structural and Boolean assertions, and features negation and recursion. The static analysis of JSON Schema documents comprises practically relevant problems, including schema satisfiability, inclusion, and equivalence. These three problems can be reduced to witness generation: given a schema, generate an element of the schema, if it exists, and report failure otherwise" - title: What Are Real JSON Schemas Like? url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-34146-6_9 year: 2019 type: paper summary: A first empirical analysis of a curated collection of real-world JSON Schemas. Knowing what real JSON Schemas are like (to borrow from a title of a related study on DTDs) helps practitioners and researchers in making realistic assumptions when building tools for JSON Schema processing - title: Challenges in Checking JSON Schema Containment over Evolving Real-World Schemas url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-65847-2_20 year: 2020 type: paper summary: This paper presents the results of an empirical study of the first generation of tools for checking JSON Schema containment which is applied to a diverse collection of over 230 real-world schemas and their altogether 1k historic versions - title: Schema Inference for Massive JSON Datasets url: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01491765 year: 2017 type: paper summary: "Recent years have seen the widespread use of JSON as a data format to represent massive data collections. JSON data collections are usually schemaless. While this ensures several advantages, the absence of schema information has important negative consequences: the correctness of complex queries and programs cannot be statically checked, users cannot rely on schema information to quickly figure out structural properties that could speed up the formulation of correct queries, and many schema-based optimizations are not possible. In this paper we deal with the problem of inferring a schema from massive JSON data sets" - title: JSON Schema Inference Approaches url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-65847-2_16 year: 2020 type: paper summary: In the context of document NoSQL databases, namely those assuming the JSON data format, this paper focuses on several representatives of the existing inference approaches and provide their thorough comparison - title: Top-Down Model-Driven Engineering of Web Services from Extended OpenAPI Models url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9000020 year: 2018 type: paper summary: Shows how OpenAPI can be extended to add implementation details inside models. These extensions link services to assemblies of components that describe computations. Hence a top-down development process that keeps model and implementation aligned - title: Foundations of JSON Schema url: https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/2872427.2883029 year: 2016 type: paper summary: In this paper we provide the first formal definition of syntax and semantics for JSON Schema and use it to show that implementing this layer on top of JSON is feasible in practice - title: "User profile integration made easy: model-driven extraction and transformation of social network schemas" url: https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/2187980.2188227 year: 2012 type: paper summary: This paper presents, firstly, a semi-automatic approach to extract schema information from instance data. Secondly, transformations of the derived schemas to different technical spaces are utilized, thereby allowing, amongst other benefits, the application of established integration tools and methods. Finally, as a case study, schemas are derived for Facebook, Google+, and LinkedIn - title: Example-Driven Web API Specification Discovery url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-61482-3_16 year: 2017 type: paper summary: In this paper we present an example-driven discovery process that generates model-based OpenAPI specifications for REST Web APIs by using API call examples. A tool implementing our approach and a community-driven repository for the discovered APIs are also presented - title: "Jsongen: a quickcheck based library for testing JSON web services" url: https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/2633448.2633454 year: 2014 type: paper summary: This article describes a systematic approach to testing behavioural aspects of Web Services that communicate using the JSON data format. To generate random JSON data for populating tests we have developed a new library, jsongen, which given a characterisation of the JSON data as a JSON schema, (i) automatically derives a QuickCheck generator which can generate an infinite number of JSON values that validate against the schema, and (ii) provides a generic QuickCheck state machine which is capable of following the (hyper)links documented in the JSON schema, to automatically explore the web service - title: An Approach for Schema Extraction of JSON and Extended JSON Document Collections url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8424731 year: 2018 type: paper summary: This paper presents an approach that extracts a schema from a JSON or Extended JSON document collection stored in a NoSQL document-oriented database or other document repository. Aggregation operations are considered in order to obtain a schema for each distinct structure in the collection, and a hierarchical data structure is proposed to group these schemas in order to generate a global schema in JSON Schema format - title: Schema extraction and structural outlier detection for JSON-based nosql data stores url: https://dl.gi.de/handle/20.500.12116/2420 year: 2015 type: paper summary: Rather than designing the schema up front, extracting a schema in hindsight can be seen as a reverse-engineering step. Based on the extracted schema information, we propose set of similarity measures that capture the degree of heterogeneity of JSON data and which reveal structural outliers in the data - title: Definition of REST web services with JSON schema url: https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1002/spe.2466 year: 2017 type: paper summary: The aim of this article is to demonstrate how JSON Schema, and particularly the JSON Hyper Schema extension, is suitable to describe JSON-based web services that follow the REST architectural pattern - title: Understanding API Complexity Through Schema Entropy url: https://smizell.com/posts/2021/05/understanding-api-complexity-through-schema-entropy/ year: 2021 type: article summary: A look at API complexity by analyzing entropy of JSON Schema documents - title: Robustness, Tolerance, and JSON Schema url: https://smizell.com/posts/2021/07/robustness-tolerance-and-json-schema/ year: 2021 type: article summary: Applying the Robustness Principle and increasing schema entropy when making changes to an API - title: Sourcemeta One url: https://one.sourcemeta.com type: registry summary: A self-hosted JSON Schema microservice that transforms Git repositories into searchable, discoverable schema catalogs with a web explorer, editor integration, schema health checks, and a rich HTTP API - title: Sourcemeta Schemas url: https://schemas.sourcemeta.com type: registry summary: A public free instance of Sourcemeta One re-offering various open source schema collections - title: Apicurio Registry url: https://www.apicur.io/registry/ type: registry summary: A runtime server system for storing and managing API designs and schemas including OpenAPI, AsyncAPI, Avro, and JSON Schema with configurable content rules for evolution control - title: "TILT: A GDPR-Aligned Transparency Information Language and Toolkit for Practical Privacy Engineering" url: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3442188.3445925 year: 2021 type: paper summary: We present TILT, a transparency information language and toolkit explicitly designed to represent and process transparency information in line with the requirements of the GDPR and allowing for a more automated and adaptive use of such information than established, legalese data protection policies do - title: "JSON Schema, Schema.org, JSON-LD: What's the Difference?" url: https://dashjoin.medium.com/json-schema-schema-org-json-ld-whats-the-difference-e30d7315686a year: 2020 type: article summary: An overview of the difference between JSON Schema and JSON-LD, their relationship and the role of Schema.org - title: "Project Cambria: Translate your data with lenses" url: https://www.inkandswitch.com/cambria/ year: 2020 type: article summary: A proposal for an isolated software layer that translates data between JSON Schema definitions on demand. Translation logic is defined by composing bidirectional lenses, a kind of data transformation that can run both forward and backward - title: "Deriving Semantics-Aware Fuzzers from Web API Schemas" url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.10328 year: 2021 type: paper summary: Discusses JSON Schema canonicalization and JSON Schema instance derivation in the context of property-based testing of APIs - title: The Usage of Negation in Real-World JSON Schema Documents url: http://bilioso.isti.cnr.it/sebd2022/preprint/SEBD_2022_Camera-ready_PDF_8.pdf year: 2022 type: paper summary: Many software tools, but also formal frameworks for working with JSON Schema, do not fully support negation. This motivates us to study whether negation is actually used in practice, for which aims, and whether it could, in principle, be replaced by simpler operators. We have collected a large corpus of 80k open source JSON Schema documents. We perform a systematic analysis, quantify usage patterns of negation, and also qualitatively analyze schemas. We show that negation is indeed used, albeit infrequently, following a stable set of patterns - title: JSONBuddy url: https://www.json-buddy.com type: tool summary: A JSON editor and validator desktop application for Windows - title: Implicit JSON Schema Versioning Triggered by Temporal Updates to JSON-Based Big Data in the τJSchema Framework url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-07969-6_3 year: 2022 type: paper summary: This paper proposes an approach for handling implicit schema changes triggered by temporal updates of JSON-based Big Data. More precisely, when a user specifies a temporal JSON update operation that modifies a snapshot JSON component assigning a valid-time timestamp to its new value, the execution of such an operation requires the JSON component to become temporal, which is for all intents a schema change. Thus, a new version of the τJSchema temporal characteristics document is generated, with the addition of a new valid-time characteristic. New versions of the temporal JSON schema and of the temporal JSON document are also accordingly created - title: "τJSchema: A Framework for Managing Temporal JSON-Based NoSQL Databases" url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-44406-2_13 year: 2016 type: paper summary: This paper proposes a framework called Temporal JSON Schema (τJSchema), inspired by the τXSchema framework defined for XML data. τJSchema allows defining a temporal JSON schema from a conventional JSON schema and a set of temporal logical and physical characteristics. Our framework guarantees logical and physical data independence for temporal schemas and provides a low-impact solution since it requires neither modifications of existing JSON documents, nor extensions to the JSON format, the JSON Schema language, and all related tools and languages - title: AlterSchema url: https://alterschema.sourcemeta.com type: tool summary: Convert a JSON Schema definition between specification versions - title: Introducing SchemaVer for semantic versioning of schemas url: https://snowplowanalytics.com/blog/2014/05/13/introducing-schemaver-for-semantic-versioning-of-schemas/#feedback year: 2014 type: article summary: A proposal for a versioning convention for JSON Schema definitions based on SemVer - title: "JSON BinPack: A space-efficient schema-driven and schema-less binary serialization specification based on JSON Schema" url: https://www.jviotti.com/assets/dissertation.pdf year: 2022 type: paper summary: A survey and benchmark of JSON-compatible binary serialization specifications followed by the introduction of JSON BinPack, a novel protocol-independent schema-driven and schema-less binary serialization specification that is strictly-compatible with JSON and takes advantage of JSON Schema formal definitions to produce bit-strings that are space-efficient in comparison to every considered alternative serialization specification - title: Using Dynamic References to Support Generic Types url: https://json-schema.org/blog/posts/dynamicref-and-generics year: 2022 type: article summary: Representing generic types from strongly-typed programming languages with JSON Schema - title: 'Maintaining JSON Schemas at Scale - Jason Desrosiers' url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GjJpRsVffg0 year: 2021 type: video summary: In this talk, we will cover the keywords, concepts, and patterns for maintaining large schemas or large collections of schemas. We'll tackle problems like how to breakdown and organize schemas, how to bundle schemas, how to make large schemas efficient, how to get better error messages from large schemas, and more - title: 'So you think you understand JSON Schema? - Ben Hutton' url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMG0NCDifI0 year: 2021 type: video summary: In this session you'll learn some key fundamentals, intracacies that even catch out the experienced, and how to develop your own interoperable JSON Schema Vocabulary - title: 'JSON Schema - the Good, the Bad and the Ugly' url: https://vimeo.com/222489288 year: 2017 type: video summary: With JSON Schema you are required to define your data and the available tooling to do so is not really great (yet). This presentation provides you with criteria to judge whether JSON Schema could be beneficial for your project or is just too much overhead - title: "Docs! Docs! Docs!" url: https://brandur.org/nanoglyphs/031-api-docs year: 2022 type: article summary: An overview of API documentation generation using Hyper Schema and OpenAPI - title: "Forming new relationships: Contributing to Open source" url: https://www.crossref.org/blog/forming-new-relationships-contributing-to-open-source/ year: 2022 type: article summary: A description of adopting and extending JSON Forms, a JSON Schema based form rendering library, to support VueJS and Vuetify. - title: "JSON Schema is a constraint system" url: https://modern-json-schema.com/json-schema-is-a-constraint-system year: 2022 type: article summary: "Or: Why object-oriented programming is a mis-matched mental model for JSON Schema" - title: "What is \"Modern\" JSON Schema?" url: https://modern-json-schema.com/what-is-modern-json-schema year: 2022 type: article summary: "How \"modern\" JSON Schema, meaning 2019-09, 2020-12, and later, can solve far more problems than \"classical\" JSON Schema (draft-07 and earlier)" - title: Validating Streaming JSON Documents with Learned VPAs url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.08891 year: 2022 type: paper summary: This paper presents a new streaming algorithm to validate JSON documents against a set of constraints given as a JSON schema. It proves that there always exists a visibly pushdown automaton (VPA) that accepts the same set of JSON documents as a JSON schema - title: Understanding JSON Schema compatibility url: https://yokota.blog/2021/03/29/understanding-json-schema-compatibility/ year: 2021 type: article summary: A study of open, closed, and partially-open content models when evolving schemas in a backward, forward, or fully compatible manners - title: Not Elimination and Witness Generation for JSON Schema url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.14828 year: 2021 type: paper summary: "In this paper, we present an algebraic characterization of JSON Schema, obtained by adding opportune operators, and by mirroring existing ones. We present then algebra-based approaches for dealing with not-elimination and witness generation problems, which play a central role as they lead to solutions for the other mentioned complex problems" - title: 'JSONoid: Distributed JSON Schema Discovery' url: https://github.com/dataunitylab/jsonoid-discovery year: 2023 type: paper summary: A tool for distributed JSON schema discovery including many properties of the data - title: Enhancing JSON Schema Discovery by Uncovering Hidden Data url: https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2971/paper11.pdf year: 2021 type: paper summary: Enhancing discovered JSON Schemas by disambiguating data and metadata - title: 'JSONoid: Monoid-based Enrichment for Configurable and Scalable Data-Driven Schema Discovery' url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.03113 year: 2023 type: paper summary: Meaningful schema information for semi-structured data - title: Comprehending Semantic Types in JSON Data with Graph Neural Networks url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.12807 year: 2023 type: paper summary: Graph neural networks for semantic type detection in JSON - title: Fast Discovery of Nested Dependencies on JSON Data url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.10398 year: 2021 type: paper summary: Efficient dependency mining algorithms for non-relational data - title: LLMs for Schema Augmentation url: https://michael.mior.ca/blog/llms-for-schema-augmentation/ year: 2023 type: article summary: Large language models can be exploited to automatically augment JSON Schemas with useful information - title: "Unifying Business, Data, and Code: Designing Data Products with JSON Schema" url: https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/unifying-business-data/9781098144999/ year: 2024 type: book summary: Covers topics such as writing your own JSON Schema vocabularies, understanding JSON Schema annotations, and hosting your own JSON Schema registries. More importantly, our book teaches you a methodology for effective data management - title: An Analysis of Defects in Public JSON Schemas url: https://www.cri.minesparis.psl.eu/classement/doc/A-794.pdf year: 2023 type: paper summary: Analysis of common defects found in publicly available schemas leading to recommend changes to the spec - title: JSON Schema CLI url: https://github.com/sourcemeta/jsonschema type: tool summary: A comprehensive command-line tool for working with JSON Schema supporting formatting, linting, testing, bundling, and validation across all JSON Schema versions - title: Sourcemeta Studio url: https://github.com/sourcemeta/studio type: tool summary: A Visual Studio Code extension providing professional JSON Schema tooling with real-time linting, automatic formatting, and metaschema validation - title: "Validation of Modern JSON Schema: Formalization and Complexity" url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.10034 year: 2024 type: paper summary: In this paper, we give the first formal description of Modern JSON Schema, which we consider a central contribution of the work that we present here. We then prove that its data validation problem is PSPACE-complete. We prove that the origin of the problem lies in dynamic references, and not in annotation-dependent validation. We study the schema and data complexities, showing that the problem is PSPACE-complete with respect to the schema size even with a fixed instance, but is in PTIME when the schema is fixed and only the instance size is allowed to vary. Finally, we run experiments that show that there are families of schemas where the difference in asymptotic complexity between dynamic and static references is extremely visible, even with small schemas. - title: "Machine actionable metadata models" url: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9525592/ year: 2022 type: paper summary: This paper discussed the use of JSON Schema to define human and machine readable metadata models - title: "Blaze: Compiling JSON Schema for 10x Faster Validation" url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02770 year: 2025 type: paper summary: This paper introduces Blaze, a JSON Schema validator compiles complex schemas to an efficient representation in seconds to minutes, adding minimal overhead at build time. Blaze incorporates several unique optimizations to reduce the validation time by an average of approximately 10x compared existing validators on a variety of datasets. In some cases, Blaze achieves a reduction in validation time of multiple orders of magnitude compared to the next fastest validator. We also demonstrate that several popular validators produce incorrect results in some cases, while Blaze maintains strict adherence to the JSON Schema specification. - title: "JSONSchemaBench: A Rigorous Benchmark of Structured Outputs for Language Models" url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.10868 year: 2025 type: paper summary: This paper introduces JSONSchemaBench, a benchmark for constrained decoding comprising 10K real-world JSON schemas that encompass a wide range of constraints with varying complexity. We pair the benchmark with the existing official JSON Schema Test Suite and evaluate six state-of-the-art constrained decoding frameworks, including Guidance, Outlines, Llamacpp, XGrammar, OpenAI, and Gemini. Through extensive experiments, we gain insights into the capabilities and limitations of constrained decoding on structured generation with real-world JSON schemas. - title: "Elimination of annotation dependencies in validation for Modern JSON Schema" url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.11288 year: 2025 type: paper summary: This paper proves that the elimination of annotation dependent keywords cannot, in general, avoid an exponential increase of the schema dimension. We provide an algorithm to eliminate these keywords that, despite the theoretical lower bound, behaves quite well in practice, as we verify with an extensive set of experiments. - title: "Negation-Closure for JSON Schema" url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.13434 year: 2022 type: paper summary: Examines how JSON Schema handles negation, demonstrates that the language lacks negation closure, explores how recent schema drafts address this limitation, and proposes enrichments to the language. Includes an algebraic reformulation of JSON Schema and a prototype system for generating schema witnesses