<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>The Center for Groundwater Evaluation and Management</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="title" content="Stanford University | The Center for Groundwater Evaluation and Management"/>
<meta name="description" content="enter a description here"/>
<meta name="keywords" content="enter some keywords here"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="stylesheets/reset.css" type="text/css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="stylesheets/default.css" type="text/css">
<!--[if lte IE 7]><link rel="stylesheet" href="stylesheets/ie.css" type="text/css"><![endif]-->
<script type='text/javascript' src='javascripts/jquery.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='javascripts/datatabs.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='javascripts/searchbox.js'></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="container">
<!-- page header -->
<div id="header">
<div id="branding">
<a href="index.html">
<img src="images/logo.png" alt="The Center for Groundwater Evaluation and Management"></a>
<h1><a href="index.html">The Center for Groundwater Evaluation and Management<br><span>Stanford University</span></a></h1>
</div>
<div id="search">
<!--<form name="searches" action="#" method="post" id="searches">
<input type="text" id="searchbox" name="searchbox" value="Search...">
<div class="button"><input type="submit" value="" id="searchbtn"><span></span></div>
</form> -->
</div>
<div id="navigation">
<ul>
<li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="about.html">About Us</a></li>
<li><a href="research.html" class="current">Research</a></li>
<li><a href="sponsors.html">Sponsors</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- end page header -->
<!-- Main Content -->
<div id="main-content" class="right">
<div class="spacer10"></div>
<h2>Research Project</h2> <br />
<h3>The Use of InSAR Data to Monitor the Hydrologic Response of a Confined Aquifer in the San Luis Valley, Colorado</h3><br />
<h4>The Place</h4>
<p>The San Luis Valley (SLV) is an 8000 km2 valley, located on the northern side of the Colorado-New Mexico border. </p>
<div class="spacer20"></div>
<h4>The Problem</h4>
<p>The San Luis valley has a vibrant agricultural economy that is highly dependent on the effective management of the limited water resources. The Rio Grand Decision Support System (RGDSS), a Colorado-state-funded project includes a hydrogeologic database and a MODFLOW finite-difference groundwater flow model. The critical challenge for the RGDSS, is acquiring sufficient data to characterize the spatially heterogeneous, time-varying behavior of the groundwater system.</p>
<div class="spacer20"></div>
<h4>Our Approach</h4>
<p>Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has emerged as a remote sensing method that can provide data to help constrain large-scale hydrogeologic models. The question we ask: How can we use InSAR data to model the response of the aquifer system?</p>
<div class="spacer20"></div>
<!-- Data overlay -->
<div id="dataoverlay">
<div id="tab-1" class="information" >
<div class="entry" id="slide01_1Proj5DO1photo"></div><!-- /.entry -->
<p>Great Sand Dunes National Park in the foreground; Sangre De Cristo Mountains in the distance. Photo provided by Andrew Valdez.</p>
</div><!-- /information -->
<div id="tab-2" class="information" style="display:none;">
<div class="entry" id="slide02_1Proj5DO2photo"></div><!-- /.entry -->
<p>The extent of the San Luis Valley as defined by the Rio Grande Decision Support System (RGDSS) (source: Google Earth image with RGDSS overlay).</p>
</div><!-- /information -->
<div id="tab-3" class="information" style="display:none;">
<div class="entry" id="slide03_1Proj5DO3photo"></div><!-- /.entry -->
<p>Using Small Baseline Subset Analysis (SBAS), we can obtain high quality InSAR data - shown as the bright regions in the image.</p>
</div><!-- /information -->
<div id="tab-4" class="information" style="display:none;">
<div class="entry" id="slide03_1Proj5DO4photo"></div><!-- /.entry -->
<p>High quality data are in the one region unaffected by the "noise" of crop growth - the interstices between the irrigated circles.</p>
</div><!-- /information -->
<ul id="dataoverlay-tabs">
<li><a href="#tab-1">The San Luis Valley<span class="description"></span></a></li>
<li><a href="#tab-2">The Defined Study Area<span class="description"></span></a></li>
<li><a href="#tab-3">High Quality InSAR Data<span class="description"></span></a></li>
<li><a href="#tab-4">High Quality Data Location<span class="description"></span></a></li>
</ul> <!-- /featured-tabs -->
</div><!-- /featured -->
<!-- end Data overlay -->
<div class="spacer20"></div>
<h4>Results to Date</h4>
<p>Verified that high quality InSAR deformation measurements can be made in agricultural areas like the San Luis Valley (Reeves et al., 2011).</p>
<div class="spacer5"></div>
<p>Identified similar seasonal trends in hydraulic head measurements and InSAR deformation measurements in the San Luis Valley (Reeves et al., 2011).</p>
<div class="spacer5"></div>
<p>Estimated the uncertainty in the InSAR deformation measurements and propagated this uncertainty through the data processing chain.</p>
<div class="spacer5"></div>
<p>Adapted a time-series processing algorithm such that high quality data are selected based upon the uncertainty of the final deformation time-series.</p>
<div class="spacer20"></div>
<h4>Current Work</h4>
<p>Using the relationship between InSAR measured deformation data and hydraulic head data we are investigating ways that the deformation data can be used to interpolate and extrapolate hydraulic head measurements in time and space.</p>
<!-- Project Lead/Contact -->
<div class="spacer30"></div>
<h4>Project Lead/Contact</h4>
<p><a href="about.students.html#Reeves">Jessica Reeves</a>, <a href="about.faculty-directors.html">Rosemary Knight</a>, Howard Zebker</p>
<!-- end Project Lead/Contact -->
<!-- Project Collaborators -->
<div class="spacer30"></div>
<h4>Project Collaborators </h4>
<p>Willem A. Schreüder, Principia Mathematica <br />
Piyush Shanker Agram, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University<br />
Tom Rune Lauknes, Northern Research Institute Tromsø Norway</p>
<!-- end Project Collaborators -->
<!-- Project Publications and Presentations -->
<div class="spacer30"></div>
<h4>Project Publications and Presentations </h4>
<ul>
<li>
<!--a href="pdfs/3.2Reevespresentation.pdf"--> Reeves, J.A., R. Knight, H.A. Zebker, (in review for IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing November 2012), An analysis of the uncertainty in InSAR deformation measurements for groundwater applications.</a>
</li>
<br>
<li>
<!--a href="pdfs/3.2Reevespresentation.pdf"--> Reeves, J.A., R. Knight, H.A. Zebker, W.A. Schreüder, P. Shanker Agram, P., T.R. Lauknes (2011), High quality interferometric synthetic aperture radar data linked to seasonal change in hydraulic head for an agricultural area in the San Luis Valley, Colorado, Water Resour. Res., 47, W12510, doi:10.1029/2010WR010312..</a>
</li>
<br>
<li>
<!--a href="pdfs/3.2Reevespresentation.pdf"--> Reeves, J., Knight, R., Zebker, H.A., (2012), An analysis of the uncertainty in InSAR deformation measurements for groundwater applications in the San Luis Valley, Colorado, Abstract G51B-1104 presented at 2012 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Calif., 3-7 Dec.</a>
</li>
<br>
<li>
<!--a href="pdfs/3.2Reevespresentation.pdf"--> Reeves, J., Knight, R., Zebker, H.A., (2012), Estimating uncertainty in InSAR deformation measurements in the San Luis Valley, Colorado, poster at 2012 AGU Chapman Conference, Remote Sensing of the Terrestrial Water Cycle, Waikaloa, Hawaii, 19-23 Feb..</a>
</li>
<br>
<li>
<!--a href="pdfs/3.2Reevespresentation.pdf"--> Reeves, J., Knight, R., Zebker, H.A., Schreuder, W.A., (2011), InSAR imaging of seasonal groundwater change in the San Luis Valley, Colorado, Abstract NS13A-08 presented at 2011 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Calif., 4-9 Dec.</a>
</li>
<br>
<li>
<!--a href="pdfs/3.2Reevespresentation.pdf"--> Reeves, J., Knight, R., Zebker, H.A., Schreuder, W.A., (2011), Satellite-Based InSAR Measurements: A New Approach to Groundwater Monitoring, poster at 2011 SAGEEP, Charleston, S.C., 10-13 Apr.</a>
</li>
<br>
<li>
<!--a href="pdfs/3.2Reevespresentation.pdf"-->Reeves, J. A., R. J. Knight, H. A. Zebker, W. A. Schreuder, P. Agram, and T. R. Lauknes (2011), High quality interferometric synthetic aperture radar data linked to seasonal change in hydraulic head for an agricultural area in the San Luis Valley, Colorado, Water Resour. Res., doi:10.1029/2010WR010312,</a>
</li>
<br>
<li>
<!--a href="pdfs/3.2Reevespresentation.pdf"-->Reeves, J., Knight, R., Zebker, H.A., Schreuder, W.A., Agram, P., Lauknes, T. (2010), InSAR data produce specific storage estimates for an agricultural area in the San Luis Valley, Colorado, Abstract H11K-08 presented at 2010 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Calif., 13-17 Dec.</a>
</li>
<br>
<li>
<!--a href="pdfs/3.2Reevespresentation.pdf"-->Reeves, J., Knight, R., Zebker, H.A., Schreuder, W. A., Agram, P., Lauknes, T.R., High quality InSAR deformation measurements for an agricultural area in the San Luis Valley, EGU topical conference series on the hydrologic cycle: Earth Observation and Water Cycle Science, POSTER, November 2009.</a>
</li>
<br>
<li>
<a href="pdfs/3.2Reevespresentation.pdf">Reeves, J., Knight, R., Zebker, H.A., Schreüder, W. A., Agram, P., Lauknes, T.R., InSAR deformation time series for an agricultural area in the San Luis Valley, <em>Eos Trans. AGU, 90(22)</em>, Jt. Assem. Suppl., Abstract H13A-03, POSTER, 2009.</a>
</li>
<div class="spacer30"></div>
</ul>
<!-- end Project Publications and Presentations -->
<div class="spacer30"></div>
<h4>Project Sponsors</h4>
<a href="http://www.slb.com/content/services/additional/water/index.asp" target="_blank">Schlumberger Water Services</a>
<div class="spacer5"></div>
<a href="http://pangea.stanford.edu/GP/index.php" target="_blank">Nelson Award, Stanford Department of Geophysics</a>
<div class="spacer5"></div>
<a target="_blank">NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program (grant number NNX12AP59G)</a>
<div class="spacer20"></div>
<!--<p><a href="#">View projecto Details »</a></p>-->
</div>
<!-- end Main content -->
<!-- Sidebar -->
<div id="sidebar" class="left">
<h3><a href="research.html">Research Projects</a></h3>
<ul class="submenu">
<li><a href="research.project1.1.html">The Use of Geophysical Methods to Develop an Improved Model of the Processes Governing the Operation of an Artificial Recharge Pond</a></li>
<li><a href="research.project2.6.html">Laboratory and Numerical Studies of the NMR Response of Near-Surface Materials</a></li>
<li><a href="research.project2.3.1.html">Logging and Surface NMR in the High Plains Aquifer, Nebraska</a></li>
<li><a href="research.project2.5.html">Surface NMR- Addressing Field Inhomogeneity</a></li>
<li><a href="research.project2.3.2.html">Integration of Surface, Logging and Direct-Push NMR with Hydraulic Conductivity Data</a></li>
<li><a href="research.project3.1.html" class="sidebar-current">The Use of InSAR Data to Monitor the Hydrologic Response of a Confined Aquifer in the San Luis Valley, Colorado</a></li>
<li><a href="research.project3.2.html">The Use of InSAR Data to Monitor Subsidence in the Kings Groundwater Basin, Central Valley, California</a></li>
<div class="spacer30"></div>
<h3>Past Projects</h3><br>
<li><a href="research.project2.2.html">A Novel Use of NMR Measurements for In-Situ Monitoring of Geochemical Reactions</a></li>
</ul>
<!-- Sponsor -->
<div class="spacer30"></div>
<h4>Founding Sponsor</h4><br>
<img src="images/schlumberger.png" alt="Schlumberger Water Services">
<!-- end Sponsor -->
</div>
<!-- end sidebar -->
</div>
<div id="footer">
<div id="navigation">
<ul>
<li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="about.html">About Us</a></li>
<li><a href="research.html" class="current">Research</a></li>
<li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="news.html">News</a></li>
<li><a href="sponsors.html">Sponsors</a></li>
<li id="legal"><cite>© 2009 Groundwater Evaluation and Management Center</li>
</ul>
</div>
</body>
</html>