驅動程式 - Windows Driver Model (WDM) - 使用範例 - Assembly (MASM32) - Hello, world!

參考資訊：
https://wasm.in/
http://four-f.narod.ru/
https://github.com/steward-fu/ddk

使用Assembly語言寫驅動程式是一件相當挑戰的事情，畢竟討論資源相對稀少，加上Assembly語言的可讀性比C/C++差以及Microsoft提供的Include及範例程式都是以C/C++語言為主，因此，比較少人想要使用Assembly語言開發驅動程式，雖然比較乏味、難度也比較高，不過若能排除這個困難，使用組合語言寫出一支WDM驅動程式，細心品味Assembly語言的優雅，那將是一件意義非凡的事情，Microsoft Assembly語言經過多次改進，目前已經可以支援高階語法，如：If、While、Struct等語法，越來越高階，所以不該再把Assembly語言，想像是落後的語言，想對每個細節的瞭解，Assembly語言還是最佳的選擇，司徒接著就介紹如何使用Assembly語言寫一支Hello, world!驅動程式，畢竟Hello, world!還是最經典以及簡單的入門首選

main.asm

.386p
.model flat, stdcall
option casemap:none
    
include c:\masm32\include\w2k\ntddk.inc
include c:\masm32\include\w2k\ntstatus.inc
include c:\masm32\include\w2k\ntoskrnl.inc
include c:\masm32\include\w2k\ntddkbd.inc
include c:\masm32\Macros\Strings.mac
   
public DriverEntry

.data
pNextDevice PDEVICE_OBJECT 0
     
.code
AddDevice proc pMyDriver : PDRIVER_OBJECT, pPhyDevice : PDEVICE_OBJECT
    local pMyDevice : PDEVICE_OBJECT
    local szDevName : UNICODE_STRING

    invoke DbgPrint, $CTA0("Hello, world\:")
    invoke RtlInitUnicodeString, addr szDevName, $CTW0("\\Device\\MyDriver")
    invoke IoCreateDevice, pMyDriver, 0, addr szDevName, FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN, 0, FALSE, addr pMyDevice
    invoke IoAttachDeviceToDeviceStack, pMyDevice, pPhyDevice
    mov pNextDevice, eax

    mov eax, pMyDevice
    or (DEVICE_OBJECT ptr [eax]).Flags, DO_BUFFERED_IO
    and (DEVICE_OBJECT ptr [eax]).Flags, not DO_DEVICE_INITIALIZING
    mov eax, STATUS_SUCCESS
    ret
AddDevice endp
    
Unload proc pMyDriver : PDRIVER_OBJECT
    ret
Unload endp
    
IrpPnp proc pMyDevice : PDEVICE_OBJECT, pIrp : PIRP
    IoGetCurrentIrpStackLocation pIrp
    movzx eax, (IO_STACK_LOCATION ptr [eax]).MinorFunction
   
    .if eax == IRP_MN_REMOVE_DEVICE
        invoke IoDetachDevice, pNextDevice
        invoke IoDeleteDevice, pMyDevice
        fastcall IofCompleteRequest, pIrp, IO_NO_INCREMENT
        ret
    .endif
   
    IoSkipCurrentIrpStackLocation pIrp
    invoke IoCallDriver, pNextDevice, pIrp
    ret
IrpPnp endp
    
DriverEntry proc pMyDriver : PDRIVER_OBJECT, pMyRegistry : PUNICODE_STRING
    mov eax, pMyDriver
    mov (DRIVER_OBJECT ptr [eax]).MajorFunction[IRP_MJ_PNP * (sizeof PVOID)], offset IrpPnp
    mov (DRIVER_OBJECT ptr [eax]).DriverUnload, offset Unload
    mov eax, (DRIVER_OBJECT ptr [eax]).DriverExtension
    mov (DRIVER_EXTENSION ptr [eax]).AddDevice, AddDevice
    mov eax, STATUS_SUCCESS
    ret
DriverEntry endp
end

L60~66：只有做Callback設定的動作，需要設定AddDevice、PNP、DriverUnload這三個Callback
L22~36：產生一個Device Object，用來管理新加入的裝置(純軟體虛擬裝置也算)，接著初使化相關旗標
L44~56：主要處理移除Device Object的動作，其餘Irp不處理，直接往下傳遞

main.inf

[Version]
Signature=$CHICAGO$
Class=Unknown
Provider=%MFGNAME%
DriverVer=8/21/2019,1.0.0.0
 
[Manufacturer]
%MFGNAME%=DeviceList
 
[DeviceList]
%DESCRIPTION%=DriverInstall, *MyDriver
 
[DestinationDirs]
DefaultDestDir=10,System32\Drivers
 
[SourceDisksFiles]
main.sys=1,,,
 
[SourceDisksNames]
1=%INSTDISK%,,,
 
[DriverInstall.NT]
CopyFiles=DriverCopyFiles
 
[DriverCopyFiles]
main.sys,,,2
 
[DriverInstall.NT.Services]
AddService=FILEIO,2,DriverService
 
[DriverService]
ServiceType=1
StartType=3
ErrorControl=1
ServiceBinary=%10%\system32\drivers\main.sys
 
[DriverInstall.NT.HW]
AddReg=DriverHwAddReg
 
[DriverHwAddReg]
HKR,,SampleInfo,,""
 
[DriverInstall]
AddReg=DriverAddReg
CopyFiles=DriverCopyFiles
 
[DriverAddReg]
HKR,,DevLoader,,*ntkern
HKR,,NTMPDriver,,main.sys
 
[DriverInstall.HW]
AddReg=DriverHwAddReg
 
[Strings]
MFGNAME="MyDriver"
INSTDISK="MyDriver Disc"
DESCRIPTION="MyDriver"

編譯

"c:\masm32\bin\ml.exe" /c /coff /Cp /Zi /Zd main.asm
"c:\masm32\bin\link.exe" main.obj /driver /base:0x10000 /debug /debugtype:cv /pdb:main.pdb /subsystem:native /entry:DriverEntry "c:\masm32\lib\wxp\i386\ntoskrnl.lib" /out:main.sys

在開始安裝驅動程式之前，需要先下載除錯工具，讓驅動程式的Debug訊息可以顯示在除錯工具上面，目前最佳的Debug輸出訊息工具是DbgView，該公司目前已經被Microsoft併購，所以可以從Microsoft網站下載，下載完後執行DbgView並將Capture => Capture Kernel選項打勾，接著重啟DbgView


對於驅動程式的安裝工具，司徒目前使用NuMega公司製作的EzDriverInstaller，將main.sys和main.inf放在同一個目錄並執行EzDriverInstaller，選擇File => Open...(開啟main.inf檔案)，接著按Add New Device就可以在DbgView上面看到輸出訊息



Device Manager


Device Object