{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Pandas_QuickStart\n",
    "Origin from http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/  \n",
    "by [openthings@163.com](http://my.oschina.net/u/2306127/blog?catalog=3420733), 2016-04.  \n",
    "\n",
    "## 6.1 Object Creation\n",
    "Creating a Series by passing a list of values, letting pandas create a default integer index:  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0    1.0\n",
       "1    3.0\n",
       "2    5.0\n",
       "3    NaN\n",
       "4    6.0\n",
       "5    8.0\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "\n",
    "s = pd.Series([1,3,5,np.nan,6,8])\n",
    "s"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Creating a DataFrame by passing a numpy array, with a datetime index and labeled columns:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "DatetimeIndex(['2013-01-01', '2013-01-02', '2013-01-03', '2013-01-04',\n",
       "               '2013-01-05', '2013-01-06'],\n",
       "              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dates = pd.date_range('20130101', periods=6)\n",
    "dates"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>A</th>\n",
       "      <th>B</th>\n",
       "      <th>C</th>\n",
       "      <th>D</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-01</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.334013</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.348297</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.388654</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.225967</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-02</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.139974</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.347789</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.817077</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.192477</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-03</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.082739</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.544105</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.423883</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.247367</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-04</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.034788</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.677221</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.120449</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.794341</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-05</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.428547</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.610156</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.950891</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.058047</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-06</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.125631</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116653</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.544575</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.578785</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                   A         B         C         D\n",
       "2013-01-01 -1.334013 -0.348297  0.388654 -0.225967\n",
       "2013-01-02 -0.139974 -1.347789  0.817077  0.192477\n",
       "2013-01-03 -1.082739 -0.544105 -1.423883 -1.247367\n",
       "2013-01-04  0.034788 -0.677221  0.120449  0.794341\n",
       "2013-01-05  0.428547 -0.610156 -0.950891 -0.058047\n",
       "2013-01-06  0.125631 -0.116653 -0.544575 -1.578785"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(6,4), index=dates, columns=list('ABCD'))\n",
    "\n",
    "df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Creating a DataFrame by passing a dict of objects that can be converted to series-like."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>A</th>\n",
       "      <th>B</th>\n",
       "      <th>C</th>\n",
       "      <th>D</th>\n",
       "      <th>E</th>\n",
       "      <th>F</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2013-01-02</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>test</td>\n",
       "      <td>foo</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2013-01-02</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>train</td>\n",
       "      <td>foo</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2013-01-02</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>test</td>\n",
       "      <td>foo</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2013-01-02</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>train</td>\n",
       "      <td>foo</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "     A          B    C  D      E    F\n",
       "0  1.0 2013-01-02  1.0  3   test  foo\n",
       "1  1.0 2013-01-02  1.0  3  train  foo\n",
       "2  1.0 2013-01-02  1.0  3   test  foo\n",
       "3  1.0 2013-01-02  1.0  3  train  foo"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df2 = pd.DataFrame({ 'A' : 1.,\n",
    "'B' : pd.Timestamp('20130102'),\n",
    "'C' : pd.Series(1,index=list(range(4)),dtype='float32'),\n",
    "'D' : np.array([3] * 4,dtype='int32'),\n",
    "'E' : pd.Categorical([\"test\",\"train\",\"test\",\"train\"]),\n",
    "'F' : 'foo' })\n",
    "\n",
    "df2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "A           float64\n",
       "B    datetime64[ns]\n",
       "C           float32\n",
       "D             int32\n",
       "E          category\n",
       "F            object\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df2.dtypes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "If you’re using IPython, tab completion for column names (as well as public attributes) is automatically enabled. Here’s a subset of the attributes that will be completed:\n",
    "    \n",
    "    In [13]: df2.<TAB>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0    1.0\n",
       "1    1.0\n",
       "2    1.0\n",
       "3    1.0\n",
       "Name: A, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df2."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "As you can see, the columns A, B, C, and D are automatically tab completed. E is there as well; the rest of the attributes have been truncated for brevity."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 6.2 Viewing Data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>A</th>\n",
       "      <th>B</th>\n",
       "      <th>C</th>\n",
       "      <th>D</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-01</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.334013</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.348297</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.388654</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.225967</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-02</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.139974</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.347789</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.817077</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.192477</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-03</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.082739</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.544105</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.423883</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.247367</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-04</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.034788</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.677221</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.120449</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.794341</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-05</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.428547</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.610156</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.950891</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.058047</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                   A         B         C         D\n",
       "2013-01-01 -1.334013 -0.348297  0.388654 -0.225967\n",
       "2013-01-02 -0.139974 -1.347789  0.817077  0.192477\n",
       "2013-01-03 -1.082739 -0.544105 -1.423883 -1.247367\n",
       "2013-01-04  0.034788 -0.677221  0.120449  0.794341\n",
       "2013-01-05  0.428547 -0.610156 -0.950891 -0.058047"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>A</th>\n",
       "      <th>B</th>\n",
       "      <th>C</th>\n",
       "      <th>D</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-04</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.034788</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.677221</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.120449</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.794341</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-05</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.428547</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.610156</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.950891</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.058047</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-06</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.125631</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116653</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.544575</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.578785</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                   A         B         C         D\n",
       "2013-01-04  0.034788 -0.677221  0.120449  0.794341\n",
       "2013-01-05  0.428547 -0.610156 -0.950891 -0.058047\n",
       "2013-01-06  0.125631 -0.116653 -0.544575 -1.578785"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.tail(3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "DatetimeIndex(['2013-01-01', '2013-01-02', '2013-01-03', '2013-01-04',\n",
       "               '2013-01-05', '2013-01-06'],\n",
       "              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.index"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[-1.33401275, -0.34829657,  0.38865407, -0.22596701],\n",
       "       [-0.13997444, -1.34778853,  0.81707707,  0.19247685],\n",
       "       [-1.0827386 , -0.5441047 , -1.42388302, -1.24736743],\n",
       "       [ 0.03478847, -0.67722051,  0.12044917,  0.7943414 ],\n",
       "       [ 0.42854678, -0.61015602, -0.95089113, -0.0580473 ],\n",
       "       [ 0.12563068, -0.11665286, -0.54457518, -1.57878468]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.values"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>A</th>\n",
       "      <th>B</th>\n",
       "      <th>C</th>\n",
       "      <th>D</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>count</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>mean</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.327960</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.607370</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.265528</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.353891</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>std</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.710887</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.415940</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.853035</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.896606</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>min</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.334013</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.347789</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.423883</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.578785</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25%</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.847048</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.660454</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.849312</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.992017</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>50%</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.052593</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.577130</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.212063</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.142007</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>75%</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.102920</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.397249</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.321603</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.129846</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>max</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.428547</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116653</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.817077</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.794341</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "              A         B         C         D\n",
       "count  6.000000  6.000000  6.000000  6.000000\n",
       "mean  -0.327960 -0.607370 -0.265528 -0.353891\n",
       "std    0.710887  0.415940  0.853035  0.896606\n",
       "min   -1.334013 -1.347789 -1.423883 -1.578785\n",
       "25%   -0.847048 -0.660454 -0.849312 -0.992017\n",
       "50%   -0.052593 -0.577130 -0.212063 -0.142007\n",
       "75%    0.102920 -0.397249  0.321603  0.129846\n",
       "max    0.428547 -0.116653  0.817077  0.794341"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.describe()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-01 00:00:00</th>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-02 00:00:00</th>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-03 00:00:00</th>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-04 00:00:00</th>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-05 00:00:00</th>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-06 00:00:00</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>A</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.334013</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.139974</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.082739</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.034788</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.428547</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.125631</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>B</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.348297</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.347789</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.544105</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.677221</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.610156</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116653</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>C</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.388654</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.817077</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.423883</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.120449</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.950891</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.544575</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>D</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.225967</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.192477</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.247367</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.794341</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.058047</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.578785</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   2013-01-01  2013-01-02  2013-01-03  2013-01-04  2013-01-05  2013-01-06\n",
       "A   -1.334013   -0.139974   -1.082739    0.034788    0.428547    0.125631\n",
       "B   -0.348297   -1.347789   -0.544105   -0.677221   -0.610156   -0.116653\n",
       "C    0.388654    0.817077   -1.423883    0.120449   -0.950891   -0.544575\n",
       "D   -0.225967    0.192477   -1.247367    0.794341   -0.058047   -1.578785"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.T"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>D</th>\n",
       "      <th>C</th>\n",
       "      <th>B</th>\n",
       "      <th>A</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-01</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.225967</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.388654</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.348297</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.334013</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-02</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.192477</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.817077</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.347789</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.139974</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-03</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.247367</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.423883</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.544105</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.082739</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-04</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.794341</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.120449</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.677221</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.034788</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-05</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.058047</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.950891</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.610156</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.428547</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-06</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.578785</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.544575</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116653</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.125631</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                   D         C         B         A\n",
       "2013-01-01 -0.225967  0.388654 -0.348297 -1.334013\n",
       "2013-01-02  0.192477  0.817077 -1.347789 -0.139974\n",
       "2013-01-03 -1.247367 -1.423883 -0.544105 -1.082739\n",
       "2013-01-04  0.794341  0.120449 -0.677221  0.034788\n",
       "2013-01-05 -0.058047 -0.950891 -0.610156  0.428547\n",
       "2013-01-06 -1.578785 -0.544575 -0.116653  0.125631"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.sort_index(axis=1, ascending=False)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>A</th>\n",
       "      <th>B</th>\n",
       "      <th>C</th>\n",
       "      <th>D</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-02</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.139974</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.347789</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.817077</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.192477</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-04</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.034788</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.677221</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.120449</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.794341</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-05</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.428547</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.610156</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.950891</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.058047</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-03</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.082739</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.544105</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.423883</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.247367</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-01</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.334013</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.348297</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.388654</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.225967</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-06</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.125631</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116653</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.544575</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.578785</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                   A         B         C         D\n",
       "2013-01-02 -0.139974 -1.347789  0.817077  0.192477\n",
       "2013-01-04  0.034788 -0.677221  0.120449  0.794341\n",
       "2013-01-05  0.428547 -0.610156 -0.950891 -0.058047\n",
       "2013-01-03 -1.082739 -0.544105 -1.423883 -1.247367\n",
       "2013-01-01 -1.334013 -0.348297  0.388654 -0.225967\n",
       "2013-01-06  0.125631 -0.116653 -0.544575 -1.578785"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.sort_values(by='B')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 6.3 Selection"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Getting"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2013-01-01   -1.334013\n",
       "2013-01-02   -0.139974\n",
       "2013-01-03   -1.082739\n",
       "2013-01-04    0.034788\n",
       "2013-01-05    0.428547\n",
       "2013-01-06    0.125631\n",
       "Freq: D, Name: A, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df['A']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>A</th>\n",
       "      <th>B</th>\n",
       "      <th>C</th>\n",
       "      <th>D</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-01</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.334013</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.348297</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.388654</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.225967</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-02</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.139974</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.347789</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.817077</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.192477</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-03</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.082739</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.544105</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.423883</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.247367</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                   A         B         C         D\n",
       "2013-01-01 -1.334013 -0.348297  0.388654 -0.225967\n",
       "2013-01-02 -0.139974 -1.347789  0.817077  0.192477\n",
       "2013-01-03 -1.082739 -0.544105 -1.423883 -1.247367"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df[0:3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>A</th>\n",
       "      <th>B</th>\n",
       "      <th>C</th>\n",
       "      <th>D</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-02</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.139974</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.347789</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.817077</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.192477</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-03</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.082739</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.544105</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.423883</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.247367</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-04</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.034788</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.677221</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.120449</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.794341</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                   A         B         C         D\n",
       "2013-01-02 -0.139974 -1.347789  0.817077  0.192477\n",
       "2013-01-03 -1.082739 -0.544105 -1.423883 -1.247367\n",
       "2013-01-04  0.034788 -0.677221  0.120449  0.794341"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 24,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df['20130102':'20130104']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 6.3.2 Selection by Label"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "For getting a cross section using a label"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "A   -1.334013\n",
       "B   -0.348297\n",
       "C    0.388654\n",
       "D   -0.225967\n",
       "Name: 2013-01-01 00:00:00, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 25,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.loc[dates[0]]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Selecting on a multi-axis by label"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>A</th>\n",
       "      <th>B</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-01</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.334013</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.348297</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-02</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.139974</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.347789</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-03</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.082739</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.544105</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-04</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.034788</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.677221</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-05</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.428547</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.610156</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-06</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.125631</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116653</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                   A         B\n",
       "2013-01-01 -1.334013 -0.348297\n",
       "2013-01-02 -0.139974 -1.347789\n",
       "2013-01-03 -1.082739 -0.544105\n",
       "2013-01-04  0.034788 -0.677221\n",
       "2013-01-05  0.428547 -0.610156\n",
       "2013-01-06  0.125631 -0.116653"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.loc[:,['A','B']]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Showing label slicing, both endpoints are included"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>A</th>\n",
       "      <th>B</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-02</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.139974</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.347789</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-03</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.082739</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.544105</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-04</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.034788</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.677221</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                   A         B\n",
       "2013-01-02 -0.139974 -1.347789\n",
       "2013-01-03 -1.082739 -0.544105\n",
       "2013-01-04  0.034788 -0.677221"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.loc['20130102':'20130104',['A','B']]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Reduction in the dimensions of the returned object"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "A   -0.139974\n",
       "B   -1.347789\n",
       "Name: 2013-01-02 00:00:00, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 30,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.loc['20130102',['A','B']]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "For getting a scalar value"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "-1.3340127475498547"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 31,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.loc[dates[0],'A']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "For getting fast access to a scalar (equiv to the prior method)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "-1.3340127475498547"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.at[dates[0],'A']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 6.3.3 Selection by Position\n",
    "See more in Selection by Position\n",
    "Select via the position of the passed integers"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "A    0.034788\n",
       "B   -0.677221\n",
       "C    0.120449\n",
       "D    0.794341\n",
       "Name: 2013-01-04 00:00:00, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.iloc[3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "By integer slices, acting similar to numpy/python"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>A</th>\n",
       "      <th>B</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-04</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.034788</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.677221</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-05</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.428547</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.610156</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                   A         B\n",
       "2013-01-04  0.034788 -0.677221\n",
       "2013-01-05  0.428547 -0.610156"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 34,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.iloc[3:5,0:2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "By lists of integer position locations, similar to the numpy/python style"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>A</th>\n",
       "      <th>C</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-02</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.139974</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.817077</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-03</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.082739</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.423883</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-05</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.428547</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.950891</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                   A         C\n",
       "2013-01-02 -0.139974  0.817077\n",
       "2013-01-03 -1.082739 -1.423883\n",
       "2013-01-05  0.428547 -0.950891"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.iloc[[1,2,4],[0,2]]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "For slicing rows explicitly"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>A</th>\n",
       "      <th>B</th>\n",
       "      <th>C</th>\n",
       "      <th>D</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-02</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.139974</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.347789</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.817077</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.192477</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-03</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.082739</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.544105</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.423883</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.247367</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                   A         B         C         D\n",
       "2013-01-02 -0.139974 -1.347789  0.817077  0.192477\n",
       "2013-01-03 -1.082739 -0.544105 -1.423883 -1.247367"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.iloc[1:3,:]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "For slicing columns explicitly"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>B</th>\n",
       "      <th>C</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-01</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.348297</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.388654</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-02</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.347789</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.817077</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-03</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.544105</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.423883</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-04</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.677221</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.120449</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-05</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.610156</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.950891</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-06</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116653</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.544575</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                   B         C\n",
       "2013-01-01 -0.348297  0.388654\n",
       "2013-01-02 -1.347789  0.817077\n",
       "2013-01-03 -0.544105 -1.423883\n",
       "2013-01-04 -0.677221  0.120449\n",
       "2013-01-05 -0.610156 -0.950891\n",
       "2013-01-06 -0.116653 -0.544575"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 37,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.iloc[:,1:3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "For getting a value explicitly"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "-1.3477885295869219"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 39,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.iloc[1,1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "For getting fast access to a scalar (equiv to the prior method)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "-1.3477885295869219"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 40,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.iat[1,1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 6.3.4 Boolean Indexing"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Using a single column’s values to select data."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>A</th>\n",
       "      <th>B</th>\n",
       "      <th>C</th>\n",
       "      <th>D</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-04</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.034788</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.677221</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.120449</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.794341</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-05</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.428547</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.610156</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.950891</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.058047</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-06</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.125631</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116653</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.544575</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.578785</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                   A         B         C         D\n",
       "2013-01-04  0.034788 -0.677221  0.120449  0.794341\n",
       "2013-01-05  0.428547 -0.610156 -0.950891 -0.058047\n",
       "2013-01-06  0.125631 -0.116653 -0.544575 -1.578785"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 41,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df[df.A > 0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "A where operation for getting."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>A</th>\n",
       "      <th>B</th>\n",
       "      <th>C</th>\n",
       "      <th>D</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-01</th>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.388654</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-02</th>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.817077</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.192477</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-03</th>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-04</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.034788</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.120449</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.794341</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-05</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.428547</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-06</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.125631</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                   A   B         C         D\n",
       "2013-01-01       NaN NaN  0.388654       NaN\n",
       "2013-01-02       NaN NaN  0.817077  0.192477\n",
       "2013-01-03       NaN NaN       NaN       NaN\n",
       "2013-01-04  0.034788 NaN  0.120449  0.794341\n",
       "2013-01-05  0.428547 NaN       NaN       NaN\n",
       "2013-01-06  0.125631 NaN       NaN       NaN"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 42,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df[df > 0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Using the isin() method for filtering:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df2 = df.copy()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "添加一列。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df2['E'] = ['one', 'one','two','three','four','three']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>A</th>\n",
       "      <th>B</th>\n",
       "      <th>C</th>\n",
       "      <th>D</th>\n",
       "      <th>E</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-01</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.334013</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.348297</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.388654</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.225967</td>\n",
       "      <td>one</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-02</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.139974</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.347789</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.817077</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.192477</td>\n",
       "      <td>one</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-03</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.082739</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.544105</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.423883</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.247367</td>\n",
       "      <td>two</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-04</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.034788</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.677221</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.120449</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.794341</td>\n",
       "      <td>three</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-05</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.428547</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.610156</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.950891</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.058047</td>\n",
       "      <td>four</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-06</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.125631</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116653</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.544575</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.578785</td>\n",
       "      <td>three</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                   A         B         C         D      E\n",
       "2013-01-01 -1.334013 -0.348297  0.388654 -0.225967    one\n",
       "2013-01-02 -0.139974 -1.347789  0.817077  0.192477    one\n",
       "2013-01-03 -1.082739 -0.544105 -1.423883 -1.247367    two\n",
       "2013-01-04  0.034788 -0.677221  0.120449  0.794341  three\n",
       "2013-01-05  0.428547 -0.610156 -0.950891 -0.058047   four\n",
       "2013-01-06  0.125631 -0.116653 -0.544575 -1.578785  three"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 45,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>A</th>\n",
       "      <th>B</th>\n",
       "      <th>C</th>\n",
       "      <th>D</th>\n",
       "      <th>E</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-03</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.082739</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.544105</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.423883</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.247367</td>\n",
       "      <td>two</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-05</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.428547</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.610156</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.950891</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.058047</td>\n",
       "      <td>four</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                   A         B         C         D     E\n",
       "2013-01-03 -1.082739 -0.544105 -1.423883 -1.247367   two\n",
       "2013-01-05  0.428547 -0.610156 -0.950891 -0.058047  four"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 46,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df2[df2['E'].isin(['two','four'])]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 6.3.5 Setting\n",
    "Setting a new column automatically aligns the data by the indexes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2013-01-02    1\n",
       "2013-01-03    2\n",
       "2013-01-04    3\n",
       "2013-01-05    4\n",
       "2013-01-06    5\n",
       "2013-01-07    6\n",
       "Freq: D, dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 48,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s1 = pd.Series([1,2,3,4,5,6], index=pd.date_range('20130102', periods=6))\n",
    "s1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Setting values by position"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df.iat[0,1] = 0"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Setting by assigning with a numpy array"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df.loc[:,'D'] = np.array([5] * len(df))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "The result of the prior setting operations"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>A</th>\n",
       "      <th>B</th>\n",
       "      <th>C</th>\n",
       "      <th>D</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-01</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.334013</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.388654</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-02</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.139974</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.347789</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.817077</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-03</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.082739</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.544105</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.423883</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-04</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.034788</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.677221</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.120449</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-05</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.428547</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.610156</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.950891</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-06</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.125631</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116653</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.544575</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                   A         B         C  D\n",
       "2013-01-01 -1.334013  0.000000  0.388654  5\n",
       "2013-01-02 -0.139974 -1.347789  0.817077  5\n",
       "2013-01-03 -1.082739 -0.544105 -1.423883  5\n",
       "2013-01-04  0.034788 -0.677221  0.120449  5\n",
       "2013-01-05  0.428547 -0.610156 -0.950891  5\n",
       "2013-01-06  0.125631 -0.116653 -0.544575  5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 51,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "A where operation with setting."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df2 = df.copy()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df2[df2 > 0] = -df2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>A</th>\n",
       "      <th>B</th>\n",
       "      <th>C</th>\n",
       "      <th>D</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-01</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.334013</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.388654</td>\n",
       "      <td>-5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-02</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.139974</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.347789</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.817077</td>\n",
       "      <td>-5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-03</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.082739</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.544105</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.423883</td>\n",
       "      <td>-5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-04</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.034788</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.677221</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.120449</td>\n",
       "      <td>-5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-05</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.428547</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.610156</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.950891</td>\n",
       "      <td>-5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2013-01-06</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.125631</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116653</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.544575</td>\n",
       "      <td>-5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                   A         B         C  D\n",
       "2013-01-01 -1.334013  0.000000 -0.388654 -5\n",
       "2013-01-02 -0.139974 -1.347789 -0.817077 -5\n",
       "2013-01-03 -1.082739 -0.544105 -1.423883 -5\n",
       "2013-01-04 -0.034788 -0.677221 -0.120449 -5\n",
       "2013-01-05 -0.428547 -0.610156 -0.950891 -5\n",
       "2013-01-06 -0.125631 -0.116653 -0.544575 -5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 54,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.5.1"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 0
}