{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 《Data Master》\n",
    ">#### 【人人都是数据科学家】，by [openthings@163.com](http://my.oschina.net/u/2306127/blog?catalog=3420733), 2016-04.  \n",
    "\n",
    "## 基础篇—Python快速入门\n",
    "\n",
    ">### （一）列表、词典、元组及其遍历。\n",
    "##### Array，数组由一系列数据组成。在Python中有list、dictionary、Tuple等多种实现。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### List，使用[a,b,c,...]方式声明。  \n",
    "列表是基础的数据结构。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "总计： 5\n",
      "元素: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "alist = [0,1,2,3,4]\n",
    "print(\"总计：\",len(alist))\n",
    "print(\"元素:\", alist)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "字符串的列表。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "red\n",
      "green\n",
      "blue\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "colours = [\"red\",\"green\",\"blue\"]\n",
    "for colour in colours:\n",
    "    print(colour)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "列表的传统方式遍历。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "4\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(0,len(alist)):\n",
    "    print(alist[i])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "列表的递归方式遍历。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "4\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in alist:\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "可以直接调用一个列表。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "4\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for obj in [0,1,2,3,4]:\n",
    "    print(obj)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 创建一个矩阵。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 63,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[11, 12, 13]\n",
      "[21, 22, 23]\n",
      "[31, 32, 33]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "olist = [[11,12,13],[21,22,23],[31,32,33]]\n",
    "for row in olist:\n",
    "    print(row)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 生成一个数据序列。在做数值检验时很有用。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "4\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for obj in range(5):\n",
    "    print(obj)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 生成一个数据序列：range(开始值，结束值，步长)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "5\n",
      "7\n",
      "9\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for obj in range(5,10,2):\n",
    "    print(obj)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "##### String as a list of char. 字符串是字符数组。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "(0) B\n",
      "(1) e\n",
      "(2) g\n",
      "(3) i\n",
      "(4) n\n",
      "(5) M\n",
      "(6) a\n",
      "(7) n\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "name='BeginMan'\n",
    "for obj in range(len(name)):\n",
    "    print('(%d)' %obj,name[obj])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Dictionary，词典，｛key:value,...｝\n",
    "词典数据就是一系列k:v值对的集合。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Dict Length:  3\n",
      "{'age': 22, 'job': 'pythoner', 'name': 'BeginMan'}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dict = {'name':'BeginMan','job':'pythoner','age':22}\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"Dict Length: \",len(dict))\n",
    "print(dict)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "_**注意：**上面的词典数据的输出与json表示是完全一致的，后面在json会专门介绍。_\n",
    "\n",
    "词典的遍历："
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 71,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'BeginMan'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 71,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dict[\"name\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Key \t Value\n",
      "=================\n",
      "age \t BeginMan\n",
      "job \t BeginMan\n",
      "name \t BeginMan\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"Key\",\"\\t Value\")\n",
    "print(\"=================\")\n",
    "for key in dict:\n",
    "    print(key,\"\\t\",dict[i])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "dict的每一个item(obj)是一个二元组（下面介绍元组）。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "('age', 22)\n",
      "('job', 'pythoner')\n",
      "('name', 'BeginMan')\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for obj in dict.items():\n",
    "    print(obj)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "age 22\n",
      "job pythoner\n",
      "name BeginMan\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for k,v in dict.items():\n",
    "    print(k,v)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "##### Json的简单演示，将dict转为典型的json字符串表示。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 72,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "'{\"age\": 22, \"job\": \"pythoner\", \"name\": \"BeginMan\"}'\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import json\n",
    "\n",
    "j = json.dumps(dict)\n",
    "print(repr(j))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 从JSON字符串载入一个dict对象。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Type of d:  <class 'dict'>\n",
      "{'name': 'BeginMan', 'job': 'pythoner', 'age': 22}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d = json.loads('{\"age\": 22, \"job\": \"pythoner\", \"name\": \"BeginMan\"}')\n",
    "print(\"Type of d: \", type(d))\n",
    "print(d)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## tuple，(obj1,obj2,...)，元组\n",
    "一个元组可包含多种类型的对象，不可修改。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 59,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "tup = 'abc',1,2,'x',True"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 60,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(5, ('abc', 1, 2, 'x', True))"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 60,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(tup),tup"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 元组的赋值和取值。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x,y =1,2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(1, 2)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x,y"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 一个字典、元组构成的复合列表对象。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 67,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[{'k1': 'key', 'k2': 2}, (3, 'element')]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 67,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ao = [{\"k1\":\"key\",\"k2\":2},(3,\"element\")]\n",
    "ao"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 访问这个符合对象的值。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "len(ao),ao[0][\"k1\"],ao[1][0],ao[1][1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "从上面可以看出，python的数据结构是非常灵活的，是数据探索和分析、处理的利器。"
   ]
  }
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