# Flows

BullMQ supports parent - child relationships between jobs. The basic idea is that a parent job will not be moved to the wait status (i.e. where it could be picked up by a worker) until all its children jobs have been processed successfully. Apart from that, a parent or a child job are no different from regular jobs.

This functionality enables the creation of flows where jobs are the node of trees of arbitrary depth.

{% hint style="warning" %}
Flows are added to a queue using the `FlowProducer` class.
{% endhint %}

In order to create "flows" you must use the [`FlowProducer`](https://docs.bullmq.io/api/classes/v6.FlowProducer.html) class. The [_**`add`**_](https://docs.bullmq.io/api/classes/v6.FlowProducer.html#add) method accepts an object with the following interface:

```typescript
interface FlowJobBase<T> {
  name: string;
  queueName: string;
  data?: any;
  prefix?: string;
  opts?: Omit<T, 'debounce' | 'deduplication' | 'repeat'>;
  children?: FlowChildJob[];
}

type FlowChildJob = FlowJobBase<
  Omit<JobsOptions, 'debounce' | 'deduplication' | 'parent' | 'repeat'>
>;

type FlowJob = FlowJobBase<JobsOptions>;
```

So we can add a flow like this one:

{% tabs %}
{% tab title="TypeScript" %}

```typescript
import { FlowProducer } from 'bullmq';

// A FlowProducer constructor takes an optional "connection"
// object otherwise it connects to a local redis instance.
const flowProducer = new FlowProducer();

const flow = await flowProducer.add({
  name: 'renovate-interior',
  queueName: 'renovate',
  children: [
    { name: 'paint', data: { place: 'ceiling' }, queueName: 'steps' },
    { name: 'paint', data: { place: 'walls' }, queueName: 'steps' },
    { name: 'fix', data: { place: 'floor' }, queueName: 'steps' },
  ],
});
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Python" %}

```python
from bullmq import FlowProducer

# A FlowProducer constructor takes an optional "connection"
# object otherwise it connects to a local redis instance.
flowProducer = FlowProducer()

flow = await flowProducer.add({
  "name": "renovate-interior",
  "queueName": "renovate",
  "children": [
    { "name": "paint", "data": { "place": "ceiling" }, "queueName": "steps" },
    { "name": "paint", "data": { "place": "walls" }, "queueName": "steps" },
    { "name": "fix", "data": { "place": "floor" }, "queueName": "steps" },
  ],
})
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Rust" %}

```rust
use bullmq::{FlowProducer, FlowProducerOptions, FlowJob};

// A FlowProducer connects to a local Redis instance by default.
let flow_producer = FlowProducer::new(FlowProducerOptions::default()).await?;

let flow = flow_producer.add(FlowJob {
    name: "renovate-interior".to_string(),
    queue_name: "renovate".to_string(),
    data: serde_json::json!({}),
    opts: None,
    prefix: None,
    children: Some(vec![
        FlowJob {
            name: "paint".to_string(),
            queue_name: "steps".to_string(),
            data: serde_json::json!({ "place": "ceiling" }),
            opts: None,
            prefix: None,
            children: None,
        },
        FlowJob {
            name: "paint".to_string(),
            queue_name: "steps".to_string(),
            data: serde_json::json!({ "place": "walls" }),
            opts: None,
            prefix: None,
            children: None,
        },
        FlowJob {
            name: "fix".to_string(),
            queue_name: "steps".to_string(),
            data: serde_json::json!({ "place": "floor" }),
            opts: None,
            prefix: None,
            children: None,
        },
    ]),
}).await?;
```

{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}

The above code will atomically add 4 jobs: one to the "renovate" queue, and 3 to the "steps" queue. When the 3 jobs in the "steps" queue are completed, the parent job in the "renovate" queue will be processed as a regular job.

The above call will return instances for all the jobs added to the queue.

{% hint style="info" %}
Note that the parent queue does not need to be the same queue as the one used for the children.
{% endhint %}

{% hint style="warning" %}
If a jobId option is provided, make sure that it does not contain a colon **:** as this is considered a separator.
{% endhint %}

When the parent job is processed it is possible to access the results generated by its child jobs. For example, lets assume the following worker for the child jobs:

{% tabs %}
{% tab title="TypeScript" %}

```typescript
import { Worker } from 'bullmq';

const stepsWorker = new Worker('steps', async job => {
  await performStep(job.data);

  if (job.name === 'paint') {
    return 2500;
  } else if (job.name === 'fix') {
    return 1750;
  }
});
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Python" %}

```python
from bullmq import Worker

async def process(job: Job, token: str):
  await performStep(job.data)
  if job.name == 'paint':
    return 2500
  elif job.name == 'fix':
    return 1750

stepsWorker = Worker("steps", process, {"connection": connection})
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Rust" %}

```rust
use bullmq::{Worker, WorkerOptions, Job};
use bullmq::worker::{CancellationToken, ProcessorFn};
use std::sync::Arc;

let processor: ProcessorFn = Arc::new(|job: Job, _token: CancellationToken| {
    Box::pin(async move {
        perform_step(job.data()).await;

        match job.name() {
            "paint" => Ok(serde_json::json!(2500)),
            "fix" => Ok(serde_json::json!(1750)),
            _ => Ok(serde_json::Value::Null),
        }
    })
});

let steps_worker = Worker::new("steps", processor, WorkerOptions::default()).await?;
```

{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}

We can implement a parent worker that sums the costs of the children's jobs using the `getChildrenValues` method. This method returns an object with _job keys_ as keys and the _result of that given job_ as a value:

```typescript
import { Worker } from 'bullmq';

const renovateWorker = new Worker('renovate', async job => {
  const childrenValues = await job.getChildrenValues();

  const totalCosts = Object.values(childrenValues).reduce(
    (prev, cur) => prev + cur,
    0,
  );

  await sendInvoice(totalCosts);
});
```

It is possible to add as deep job hierarchies as needed. See the following example where jobs are depending on each other, allowing serial execution of jobs:

{% tabs %}
{% tab title="TypeScript" %}

```typescript
import { FlowProducer } from 'bullmq';
const flowProducer = new FlowProducer();

const queueName = 'assembly-line';
const chain = await flowProducer.add({
  name: 'car',
  data: { step: 'engine' },
  queueName,
  children: [
    {
      name: 'car',
      data: { step: 'wheels' },
      queueName,
      children: [{ name: 'car', data: { step: 'chassis' }, queueName }],
    },
  ],
});
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Python" %}

```python
from bullmq import FlowProducer

flowProducer = FlowProducer()

queueName = 'assembly-line'
chain = await flowProducer.add({
  "name": "car",
  "data": { "step": "engine" },
  "queueName": queueName,
  "children": [
    {
      "name": "car",
      "data": { "step": "wheels" },
      "queueName": queueName,
      "children": [{ "name": "car", "data": { "step": "chassis" }, "queueName": queueName }],
    },
  ],
})
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Rust" %}

```rust
use bullmq::{FlowProducer, FlowProducerOptions, FlowJob};

let flow_producer = FlowProducer::new(FlowProducerOptions::default()).await?;

let queue_name = "assembly-line";
let chain = flow_producer.add(FlowJob {
    name: "car".to_string(),
    queue_name: queue_name.to_string(),
    data: serde_json::json!({ "step": "engine" }),
    opts: None,
    prefix: None,
    children: Some(vec![FlowJob {
        name: "car".to_string(),
        queue_name: queue_name.to_string(),
        data: serde_json::json!({ "step": "wheels" }),
        opts: None,
        prefix: None,
        children: Some(vec![FlowJob {
            name: "car".to_string(),
            queue_name: queue_name.to_string(),
            data: serde_json::json!({ "step": "chassis" }),
            opts: None,
            prefix: None,
            children: None,
        }]),
    }]),
}).await?;
```

{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}

In this case one job will be processed after the previous one has been completed.

{% hint style="info" %}
The order of processing would be: `chassis`, `wheels` and finally `engine`.
{% endhint %}

## Getters

There are some special getters that can be used in order to get jobs related to a flow. First, we have a method in the `Job` class to get all the dependencies for a given job:

```typescript
const dependencies = await job.getDependencies();
```

it will return all the **direct** **dependencies** (i.e. the children of a given job).

Or if you want to get specific types of children:

```typescript
// cursors are used in pagination
const { processed, nextProcessedCursor } = await job.getDependencies({
  processed: {
    count: 5,
    cursor: 0,
  },
});

const { unprocessed, nextUnprocessedCursor } = await job.getDependencies({
  unprocessed: {
    count: 5,
    cursor: 0,
  },
});

const { failed, nextFailedCursor } = await job.getDependencies({
  failed: {
    count: 5,
    cursor: 0,
  },
});

const { ignored, nextIgnoredCursor } = await job.getDependencies({
  ignored: {
    count: 5,
    cursor: 0,
  },
});
```

The `Job` class also provides some other methods that we presented above

## Get Dependencies Count

To get all the different counts of children by type:

```typescript
const { failed, ignored, processed, unprocessed } =
  await job.getDependenciesCount();
```

Or if you want to be specific:

```typescript
const { failed } = await job.getDependenciesCount({
  failed: true,
});

const { ignored, processed } = await job.getDependenciesCount({
  ignored: true,
  processed: true,
});

const { unprocessed } = await job.getDependenciesCount({
  unprocessed: true,
});
```

## Get Children Values

To get all the values produced by the children of a given job:

```typescript
const values = await job.getChildrenValues();
```

Also, a new property is available in the `Job` class, _**`parentKey`,**_ with a fully qualified key for the job parent.

Finally, there is also a new state which a job can be in, "waiting-children", for parent jobs that have not yet had their children completed:

```typescript
const state = await job.getState();
// state will be "waiting-children"
```

## Provide options

When adding a flow it is also possible to provide an extra object **`queueOptions`** object, in which you can add your specific options for every queue that is used in the flow. These options would affect each one of the jobs that are added to the flow using the `FlowProducer`.

```typescript
import { FlowProducer } from 'bullmq';
const flowProducer = new FlowProducer();

const queueName = 'assembly-line';
const chain = await flowProducer.add(
  {
    name: 'car',
    data: { step: 'engine' },
    queueName,
    children: [
      {
        name: 'car',
        data: { step: 'wheels' },
        queueName,
      },
    ],
  },
  {
    queuesOptions: {
      [queueName]: {
        defaultJobOptions: {
          removeOnComplete: true,
        },
      },
    },
  },
);
```

{% hint style="warning" %}
Queue options are defined in the context of their instances. You should provide your configurations in the second parameter in order to avoid unexpected behaviors.
{% endhint %}

## Jobs removal

BullMQ also provides seamless removal functionality for jobs that are part of a flow.

When removing a job that is part of the flow there are several important considerations:

1. If a parent job is removed, all its children will also be removed.
2. If a child job is removed, its parent dependency to said child is also removed, and if the child was the last child in the dependencies list, the parent job will be completed.
3. Since a job can be both a parent and a child in a large flow, both 1 and 2 will occur if removing such a job.
4. If any of the jobs that would be removed happen to be locked, none of the jobs will be removed, and an exception will be thrown.

Apart from the considerations above, removing a job can simply be done by either using the `Job` or the `Queue` class:

```typescript
await job.remove();
// or
await queue.remove(job.id);
```

## Read more:

- 📋 [Divide large jobs using flows](https://blog.taskforce.sh/splitting-heavy-jobs-using-bullmq-flows/)
- 💡 [FlowProducer API Reference](https://docs.bullmq.io/api/classes/v6.FlowProducer.html)
- 💡 [Job API Reference](https://docs.bullmq.io/api/classes/v6.Job.html)
- 💡 [Get Children Values API Reference](https://docs.bullmq.io/api/classes/v6.Job.html#getchildrenvalues)
- 💡 [Get Dependencies API Reference](https://docs.bullmq.io/api/classes/v6.Job.html#getdependencies)
- 💡 [Get Dependencies Count API Reference](https://docs.bullmq.io/api/classes/v6.Job.html#getdependenciescount)