]> Find a Pet - Dog Breeds Ontology When looking for a dog to adopt, there is no automated method to match potential owner preferences to appropriate dog breeds. Currently potential owners need to go to the internet and try to manually find a breed that will meet specific needs of an individual or a family. It is often difficult to find a breed if there are multiple criteria and constraints. To address this need to meet multiple, sometimes conflicting, requirements of finding a matching breed of dog to adopt, we propose an ontology-based solution that ultimately forms the basis of a recommender of dog breeds to households, given some specific characteristics of the homeowner, their home, family, and personal preferences. The proposed ontology-supported application recommends dog breeds to households given some specific characteristics of the homeowners like home size, activity level, child friendliness. Additionally, the recommendation will provide a list of other potential dog breeds that may suit the family's needs, to account for any potential subjective factors like cuteness. Ashley Choi Danielle Villa: https://tw.rpi.edu/person/danielle-villa Debjani Ray-Majumder: https://ise.rpi.edu/people/debjani-ray-majumder http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT 2022-11-30 DogBreedOntology https://tw.rpi.edu/ontology-engineering/oe2022/find-a-pet/5.0 https://tw.rpi.edu/ontology-engineering/oe2022/find-a-pet/6.0 https://tw.rpi.edu/ontology-engineering/oe2022/find-a-pet/7.0 Changes made to improve reasoning speed; definitions/equivalencies are equal to previous versions but Pellet reasons with it faster. Some classes were also added to speed up the reasoner. Copyright (c) 2022 Ashley Choi, Debjani Ray-Majumder, Danielle Villa agility athlete athlete competing in ability to move quickly and easily jumping, weaving Merriam-Webster Dictionary allergy damaging reaction to the presence of a substance such as pollen or fur Oxford Dictionary apartment friendly breed low barking and stranger friendly breed that is well suited for small residences near other residences Oxford Dictionary Assumes that dogs that are well suited to appartments are not large, do not bark a lot, and are friendly towards strangers used to recommend appropriate breeds to adopters living in apartments apartment indoor space consisting of a suite of rooms forming one residence, typically in a building containing a number of these Troy Garden Apartments Oxford Dictionary apricot color https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Toy-Poodle-MP.jpg athlete functional role of performing in physical competitions Merriam-Webster Dictionary used as specific purpose that someone may want a dog to fulfill, and that a specific breed group is good at, with regards to the breeds performance in physical competitions beige color https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Carolina-Dog-standing-outdoors.jpg black color https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Affenpinscher-running-outdoors.jpg blanket shape shape of the color of the coat on the back and upper part of the sides, between the neck and the tail American Kennel Club blue color https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Great-Dane-standing-in-a-fenced-field.jpg 1 1 breed 1 AKC breed American breed set of genetics and physical traits approved by the American Kennel Club Since our scope is the US, we only consider breeds approved by the AKC, which may be different than the breeds approved in other countries "Dog breeds." VetStreet. http://www.vetstreet.com/dogs/breeds (accessed Sep 19, 2022). What people usually refer to when they say 'type' of dog Some breeds do have multiple varieties, usually only differing in size, but unless they are recognized as different breeds by the AKC we consider them to be the same breed breed aspect aspect that characterizes a breed Merriam-Webster Dictionary breed characteristic breed aspect describing a breed's typical needs and behaviors We consider characteristics as traits that vary between breeds but are typically consistent between dogs of the same breed. Merriam-Webster Dictionary breed group collection of breeds grouped together by the American Kennel Club based on what the breeds were bred to do "Dog breeds." VetStreet. http://www.vetstreet.com/dogs/breeds (accessed Sep 19, 2022). breed physical profile breed aspect describing a breed's typical physical characteristics Merriam-Webster Dictionary object property from breeds to characteristic profiles with no cardinality restrictions 1 breed popularity rank breed aspect describing the relative standing of a breed in how many dogs were acquired and registered with an organization within a specified time period Oxford Dictionary The popularity rank is based on how many dogs are registered (with the AKC in the US, with the UK Kennel Club in the UK) and does not include any dogs that are not registered or any dogs that are not purebred This will be used as a proxy for how cute a dog is, assuming that if a dog breed is very cute a lot of people will have one. This is susceptible to certain breeds being trendy for a short time period, and some breeds being more available than others. brindle color https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Treeing-Tennessee-Brindle-on-White-01.jpg budget potential adopter aspect describing the level of income and expenditure for a set period of time low, medium, high Oxford Dictionary used to help match the cost of a breed (initial price, cost of food, potential health issues) with the adopter's budget cap shape shape of the darkly shaded color pattern on the skull of some breeds American Kennel Club cat Felis catus pet with soft fur, a short snout, and retractable claws Oxford Dictionary cat friendly breed 0.5 breed that usually gets along well with cats Oxford Dictionary used to recommend appropriate breeds to adopters that already own a cat chestnut color https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Irish-Setter-puppy-laying-down.jpg child safe breed 0.5 breed that is not aggressive towards small children Oxford Dictionary We assume that there is a difference between a dog that is appropriate for and safe for children and a dog that is fun for children (this is the former) used to recommend appropriate breeds to adopters that have a small child chocolate color https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Labrador-Retriever-carrying-a-bird-in-its-mouth.jpg city municipality of greater size, population, or importance than a town or village Troy, NY https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/city used to determine the location of the residence, which impacts the expacted climate and could impact what kind of dog would be appropriate cleaning frequency potential adopter aspect describing how often the potential adopter makes their residence free of mess low frequency, medium frequency, high frequency Oxford Dictionary used to match how frequently an adopter cleans with how much mess a dog makes by existing in the home climate zone areas defined at the county level that are based on weather factors like winter and summer temperatures along with humidity and rainfall Babineau, J R. "Understanding the IECC's New Climate Zone Map." Johns Manville, Berkshire Hathaway, 17 Mar. 2021, https://www.jm.com/en/blog/2021/march/understanding-the-iecc-s-new-climate-zone-map/. Used as a proxy for average temperature in a region, which can be used to restrict what breeds are well suited for that enviornment climate zone 0 extremely hot IECC's 2021 Climate Zone Map climate zone 1 very hot IECC's 2021 Climate Zone Map climate zone 2 hot IECC's 2021 Climate Zone Map climate zone 3 warm IECC's 2021 Climate Zone Map climate zone 4 mixed IECC's 2021 Climate Zone Map climate zone 5 cool IECC's 2021 Climate Zone Map climate zone 6 cold IECC's 2021 Climate Zone Map climate zone 7 very cold IECC's 2021 Climate Zone Map climate zone 8 subarctic/arctic IECC's 2021 Climate Zone Map coat length breed aspect describing the average length of a dog's coat Oxford Dictionary Will be used to categorize by the length of coat contributing to appearance and weather compatibility Breeds with coat length being higher than average will not be recommended for locations of high temperature. Also typically used as preference by user, for the appearance of the dog. coat type characteristic describing the texture of a dog's coat Merriam-Webster Dictionary cold climate appropriate breed breed that has the endurance to be outside in cold or snowy enviornments Merriam-Webster Dictionary used to recommend breeds to adopters in cold states cold climate appropriate coat length coat length that helps give its breed the endurance to be outside in cold or snowy enviornments medium, long Merriam-Webster Dictionary used to speed up classification of Cold Climate Appropriate Breed color aspect describing the pigmentation that may be found on a breed's fur white, black, blue, brindle, liver Oxford Dictionary uses the AKC's terms companion functional role of spending time with another, sometimes to provide comfort Merriam-Webster Dictionary used when the primary purpose of the dog is solely as a companion or as an emotional support animal corded coat type coat type describing fur that naturally clump into thick strands "A guide to dog coat types," Orvis News, 25-May-2022. [Online]. Available: https://news.orvis.com/dogs/a-guide-to-dog-coat-types. [Accessed: 19-Sep-2022]. cream color https://s3.amazonaws.com/cdn-origin-etr.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/02151411/Afghan-Hound-standing-outdoors-in-the-fall.jpg curly coat type coat type with swirls, curlicues, and twists in the fur "A guide to dog coat types," Orvis News, 25-May-2022. [Online]. Available: https://news.orvis.com/dogs/a-guide-to-dog-coat-types. [Accessed: 19-Sep-2022]. dog Canis familiaris pet closely related to the grey wolf Merriam-Webster Dictionary dog allergy allergy to dog fur, skin, dander, or saliva American Kennel Club dog friendly breed 0.5 breed that usually gets along well with other dogs American Kennel Club used to recommend appropriate breeds to adopters that already own a dog domino shape shape of a reverse facial mask pattern on some breeds American Kennel Club double coat type coat type describing an undercoat that is typically shorter than the outer coat, and fur with a dense, woolly texture "A guide to dog coat types," Orvis News, 25-May-2022. [Online]. Available: https://news.orvis.com/dogs/a-guide-to-dog-coat-types. [Accessed: 19-Sep-2022]. elderly person person aged 65 years or more National Library of Medicine exercise level potential adopter aspect describing how often the potential adopter performs activity requiring physical effort, carried out to sustain or improve health and fitness low, medium, high Oxford Dictionary This describes the level of outdoor exercise that someone gets before adopting a dog Used to reccommend breed that need lots of physical activity with adopters who already spends lots of time outside exercising Family party describing a group of one or more adults and any children living together as a unit My parents, my siblings, and myself. Merriam-Webster Dictionary family with small children family with at least one person under 5 years of age K.E. Holland, "Acquiring a pet dog: A review of factors affecting the decision-making of prospective dog owners," Animals, vol. 9, no. 124, Mar. 2019 , doi: 10.3390/ani9040124 family without small children family were all members are at least 5 years of age K.E. Holland, "Acquiring a pet dog: A review of factors affecting the decision-making of prospective dog owners," Animals, vol. 9, no. 124, Mar. 2019 , doi: 10.3390/ani9040124 fawn color https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Boxer.1.jpg federal state self-governing geopolitical unit which forms part of a wider geopolitical unit that is recognized as a country This type of entity, variously referred to as a state, province or canton, has a level of self government including its own legal system and court jurisdiction, but cedes a level of autonomy to the federation of which it forms a part. feet shape shape refering to the fur on the top of a breed's feet and on their paws American Kennel Club frequent traveling level traveling level refering to traveling every other month or more frequently DogBreedOntology furnishing shape shape refering to the long hair on the extremities (including head and tail) of certain breeds American Kennel Club garden outdoor space used to grow vegetables, fruit, herbs, or flowers Oxford Dictionary gold color https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Golden-Retriever-standing-outdoors.jpg golden rust color https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Vizsla-On-White-01.jpg good for children breed child safe and playful breed that interacts well with small children Oxford Dictionary We assume that there is a difference between a dog that is appropriate for and safe for children and a dog that is fun for children (this is the latter) used to recommend appropriate breeds to adopters with small children grey color https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Silky-Terrier-On-White-02.jpg hairless breed breed whose skin is not covered by a coat American Kennel Club used to enforce disjointness of hairless and not hairless breeds hairless coat type coat type describing a coat without fur "A guide to dog coat types," Orvis News, 25-May-2022. [Online]. Available: https://news.orvis.com/dogs/a-guide-to-dog-coat-types. [Accessed: 19-Sep-2022]. hairy breed breed whose skin is covered by a coat American Kennel Club used to enforce disjointness of hairless and not hairless breeds herder functional role of moving animals from one place to another Merriam-Webster Dictionary used when someone wants a dog to perform work on a farm or a breed has been bred for such work herding breed group breed group of dogs bred to move livestock American Kennel Club high cleaning frequency cleaning frequency refering to cleaning a residence more than once a week DogBreedOntology high exercise level exercise level refering to daily outdoor workouts DogBreedOntology high exercise needing breed 0.5 breed that does need a lot of daily activity and does not need to be encouraged to exercise Oxford Dictionary used to recommend highly energetic breeds and breeds that need frequenct exercise with adopters that exercise a lot hot climate appropriate breed breed that has the endurance to be outside in hot or humid enviornments Merriam-Webster Dictionary used to recommend breeds to adopters in warm states hot climate appropriate coat length coat length that helps give its breed the endurance to be outside in hot or humid enviornments short, medium Merriam-Webster Dictionary used to speed up classification of Hot Climate Appropriate Breed hot climate appropriate coat type coat type that helps give its breed the endurance to be outside in hot or humid enviornments Merriam-Webster Dictionary This includes every coat type except Double Coat Type used to speed up classification of Hot Climate Appropriate Breed hound breed group breed group of dogs bred to pursue non-feathered warm-blooded game above ground American Kennel Club house indoor space for human habitation, especially one that is lived in by a family or small group of people Ranch-style house Oxford Dictionary hunter functional role of finding and catching prey Merriam-Webster Dictionary used when someone wants a dog for hunting, or a breed has been bred to hunt a specific type of prey hunter of large game hunter whose prey is above ground, such as rabbits Merriam-Webster Dictionary refers to hunting for larger above-ground prey such as birds, deer, or people hunter of small game hunter whose primary prey is underground, such as rodents Merriam-Webster Dictionary refers to hunting for smaller below-ground prey such as rodents or mushrooms hypoallergenic breed breed that is relatively unlikely to cause an allergic reaction Oxford Dictionary used to recommend appropriate breeds to adopters that want or need a hypoallergenic dog indoor space situated, conducted, or used within a building or under cover Oxford Dictionary intermittent traveling level traveling level refering to travling 3-6 times a year DogBreedOntology large breed 55.0 breed that usually weighs above 55 lbs American Kennel Club used to classify dogs based on adult size, since large dogs usually cost more in food, can't live in apartments, and may be un/wanted by an adopter large budget budget with a very high limit, cost is not considered when choosing a breed DogBreedOntology likely allergenic breed breed that is likely to cause an allergic reaction Oxford Dictionary used to help classify hypoallergenic breeds liver color https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Shih-Tzu-laying-down-in-three-quarter-view.jpg long coat length coat length that requires regular grooming to keep it neat and free of mats Oxford Dictionary low barking breed 0.5 breed that does not tend to bark frequently or loudly Oxford Dictionary used to recommend appropriate breeds to adopters that want a dog that does not bark a lot, and help classify appartment friendly breeds low cleaning frequency cleaning frequency refering to cleaning a residence less than once a week DogBreedOntology low drooling breed 0.5 breed that does not tend to drool Oxford Dictionary used to recommend appropriate breeds to adopters that want a dog that does not drool a lot, and help low mess breeds low exercise level exercise level refering to no outdoor workouts DogBreedOntology low exercise needing breed 0.5 breed that does not need much daily activity and may need to be encouraged to exercise Oxford Dictionary used to recommend appropriate breeds to high-exercise adopters or adopters that want a highly energetic dog low expense breed 1000.0 low health susceptability breed that is a lower price than other breeds, both in the short and long term Oxford Dictionary Assumes that small or medium breeds cost less in food, health issues are expensive, and the breed should have a lower up-front cost used to recommend appropriate breeds to those with a low budget, including students low grooming breed 0.5 breed that does not require bathing, brushing, trimming, or other kinds of coat maintenance more than monthly Oxford Dictionary used to recommend appropriate breeds to adopters that want a dog that does not need to be groomed frequently, and help classify low maintenance breeds low health susceptability breed 0.5 breed that does not typically have serious health issues Oxford Dictionary used to recommend appropriate breeds to adopters that want a healthy dog, and help classify low expense breeds low maintenance breed low exercise needing, low grooming, and low mental stimulation needing breed that does not require signficant care compared to other breeds Oxford Dictionary Care activities that are considered are exercising the dog, grooming it, and providing mental stimulation. This does not mean that the dog is independent, just that fewer dedicated care activities are expected used to recommend appropriate breeds to adopters who have less time to take care the dog or want a dog that requires less care low mental stimulation needing breed 0.5 breed that does not require a significant amount of external mental activity to stimulate and enrich their mind Oxford Dictionary used to recommend appropriate breeds to adopters that want a low mental stimulation needing dog, and help classify low maintenance breed low mess breed low drooling and low shedding breed that does not frequently cause significant mess Oxford Dictionary Assumes that breeds that shed and drool less cause less mess and does not account for the behavior of the breed used to recommend appropriate breeds to those that do not clean often or prefer a low mess dog low shedding breed 0.5 breed that does not lose much fur from their coat Oxford Dictionary used to recommend appropriate breeds to adopters that want a low shedding dog, and help classify low mess breeds mahogany color https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Rottweiler-On-White-06.jpg 1 1 marking breed aspect describing potential patterns that may be found on a dog of a breed Oxford Dictionary mask shape shape of the dark shading on the foreface American Kennel Club medium breed 35.0 55.0 breed that usually weighs between 35 lbs and 55 lbs American Kennel Club used to classify dogs based on adult size, since medium dogs usually cost less than large breeds in food, may be able to live in apartments, and may be un/wanted by an adopter medium budget budget with some amount set aside, cost is a minor consideration when choosing a breed DogBreedOntology medium cleaning frequency cleaning frequency refering to cleaning a residence approximately once a week DogBreedOntology medium coat length coat length that requires regular brushing due to risk of feathering on legs and tail becoming matted Oxford Dictionary medium exercise level exercise level refering to outdoor workouts that happen at most every other day DogBreedOntology miscellaneous breed group breed of purebred dog that are not recognized by the AKC American Kennel Club mottled shape shape of the pattern of dark roundish blotches on a lighter background American Kennel Club municipality urban administrative division having corporate status and usually powers of self-government or jurisdiction A municipality can be any political jurisdiction from a sovereign state, such as the Principality of Monaco, or a small village, such as West Hampton Dunes, New York. The territory over which a municipality has jurisdiction may encompass: - only one populated place such as a city, town, or village - several of such places (e.g., early jurisdictions in the state of New Jersey (1798-1899) as townships governing several villages, Municipalities of Mexico) - only parts of such places, sometimes boroughs of a city such as the 34 municipalities of Santiago, Chile. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipality A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district. muzzle shape the shape of the color of the fur around the head in front of the eyes American Kennel Club never traveling level traveling level refering to traveling less than once a year DogBreedOntology non-sporting breed group breed group of dogs bred to interact with people that in ways that do not fit into another breed group American Kennel Club nose shape shape that refers to the color of the breed's nose American Kennel Club not hairless coat type coat type that is not the hairless coat type American Kennel Club This includes every coat type except Hairless Coat Type used to speed up classification of Hairy Breed organization collection of one or more people, or groups of people formed together into a community or other social, commercial or political structure to act, or that is designated to act, towards some purpose, such as to meet a need or pursue collective goals on a continuing basis This may be a business entity, government, international organization, not-for-profit, academic institution, or other unincorporated and/or informal social organization. https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-iec:6523:-1:ed-1:v1:en other marking shape shape that is not categorized by a known label American Kennel Club outdoor space not within a building or under cover Oxford Dictionary overlay shape shape refering to the top layer of fur American Kennel Club patch shape shape refering to a solid part of the coat that is a different color American Kennel Club 1 person individual human being, with consciousness of self Oxford Dictionary natural person pet domestic or tamed animal kept for companionship or pleasure Oxford Dictionary playful breed 0.5 breed that is very spirited as an adult Oxford Dictionary used to recommend appropriate breeds to adopters that want a a playful breed, and help classify good for children breeds point shape shape refering to the face, ears, legs, and tail when correlated American Kennel Club 1 1 1 1 potential adopter a person who may legally take in a dog and bring it up as their own Oxford Dictionary describes person or persons looking to adopt a single dog potential adopter aspect aspect describing a potential adopter Merriam-Webster Dictionary racer athlete competing in speed competitions sprints, distance Merriam-Webster Dictionary rare traveling level traveling level refering to traveling once or twice a year DogBreedOntology red color https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Dachshund-standing-in-profile-in-the-park.jpg red sesame color https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Shiba-Inu-On-White-01.jpg residence physical space in which a potential adopter lives Apartment or house Oxford Dictionary residence aspect aspect that characterizes a residence Merriam-Webster Dictionary rough coat type coat type that is always coarse to the touch "A guide to dog coat types," Orvis News, 25-May-2022. [Online]. Available: https://news.orvis.com/dogs/a-guide-to-dog-coat-types. [Accessed: 19-Sep-2022]. saddle shape shape of a saddle over the back American Kennel Club salt and pepper color https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Standard-Schnauzer-On-White-03.jpg shape aspect describing the external form, contours, or outline socks, cap, saddle, furnishings Oxford Dictionary using the AKC terminology short coat length coat length in which fur is naturally short and lays close to the body Oxford Dictionary silky coat type coat type describing fur that flows and cascades with glossy sheen "A guide to dog coat types," Orvis News, 25-May-2022. [Online]. Available: https://news.orvis.com/dogs/a-guide-to-dog-coat-types. [Accessed: 19-Sep-2022]. silver color https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Afghan-Hound-portrait-outdoors.jpg small breed 35.0 breed that usually weighs below 35 lbs American Kennel Club used to classify dogs based on adult size, since small dogs usually cost less in food, can live in apartments, and may be un/wanted by an adopter small budget budget with minimal amount set aside, low cost is important when choosing a breed DogBreedOntology small child person under the age of 5 K.E. Holland, "Acquiring a pet dog: A review of factors affecting the decision-making of prospective dog owners," Animals, vol. 9, no. 124, Mar. 2019 , doi: 10.3390/ani9040124 smooth coat type coat type describing silky fur that lays close to the body "A guide to dog coat types," Orvis News, 25-May-2022. [Online]. Available: https://news.orvis.com/dogs/a-guide-to-dog-coat-types. [Accessed: 19-Sep-2022]. social media subject functional role of being photogenic and posing for cameras Merriam-Webster Dictionary used for when someone wants to adopt a dog with plans to post pictures/videos online. Since this is relatively new, cuteness, trainability, and companion dogs are prioritized space residence aspect describing a continuous area or expanse which is free, available, or unoccupied for use by a pet Oxford Dictionary speckled shape shape refering to many small patches of distinct colors American Kennel Club sporting breed group breed group of dogs bred to help hunters in the capture and retrieval of feathered game American Kennel Club stranger friendly breed 0.5 breed that usually gets along well with people they are not familiar with Oxford Dictionary used to recommend appropriate breeds to adopters that want a stranger friendly dog, and help classify apartment friendly breeds student person who is studying at a school or college Oxford Dictionary tan color https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Black-and-Tan-Coonhound-head-portrait-1.jpg terrier breed group breed group of dogs bred to go underground to hunt vermin and other small prey American Kennel Club ticked shape shape that is small, isolated areas (smaller than spots) of black or colored hairs on a white background American Kennel Club tiger shape shape resembling tiger stripes American Kennel Club toy breed group breed group of dogs bred to be small in size and be good companions American Kennel Club trainable breed 0.5 breed that can easily learn something new and is willing to try new things Oxford Dictionary used to recommend appropriate breeds to adopters that want a trainable dog, especially if they have a specific task for the dog to perform traveling level potential adopter aspect describing how often the potential adopter moves from one place to another temporarily Never, rare, intermittent, frequent Oxford Dictionary Used to match how frequently an adopter travels with how adaptable a dog is, since it must either go with its owner to new places or to another caretaker undercoat shape shape refering to the dense, soft, short coat concealed by the longer top coat American Kennel Club wavy coat type coat type describing a coat with curls that tangles and knots easily and has a tendency to become dry "A guide to dog coat types," Orvis News, 25-May-2022. [Online]. Available: https://news.orvis.com/dogs/a-guide-to-dog-coat-types. [Accessed: 19-Sep-2022]. wheaten color https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Rhodesian-Ridgeback-standing-in-profile-outdoors.jpg white color https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Poodle-On-White-121.jpg wiry coat type coat type describing fur with a wire-like texture that is harsh and stiff and stands away from the body "A guide to dog coat types," Orvis News, 25-May-2022. [Online]. Available: https://news.orvis.com/dogs/a-guide-to-dog-coat-types. [Accessed: 19-Sep-2022]. wolfgray color https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Beau-Kara.jpg working breed group breed group of dogs bred to assist humans American Kennel Club yard outdoor space adjoining a building or house Oxford Dictionary yellow color https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Labrador-Retriever-On-White-01.jpg causes gives rise to Oxford Dictionary displays adaptability level level describing how easily a breed handles change Range: lives for routine - highly adaptable Oxford Dictionary Correlates to ability to adjust to new surroundings Will be used in recommending for owners who may be living in temporary housing or frequently move. displays barking level level describing how often a breed barks or howls Range: only to alert - very vocal Oxford Dictionary Determined based on the average amount of barking amongst all dog breeds displays cat friendliness level level describing the tendency toward a tolerance for cats and a lower prey drive Range: not recommended - good with cats Oxford Dictionary Used to describe how easily the breed will get along with a cat under normal circumstances displays characeteristic level specifies the level a breed displays a specific characteristic Oxford Dictionary Value between 0 and 1 describing how much a breed displays a given characteristic displays child friendliness level level describing the tendency to be more sturdy, playful, easygoing, and tolerant around children under 5 Range: not recommended - good with children Oxford Dictionary Breeds with this characteristic will be recommended for household with children displays dog friendliness level level describing how likely a breed is to get along with other dogs Range: not recommended - good with other dogs American Kenel Club How likely a dog is to be comfortable in the company of other dogs such as not easily intimidated, not biting, scratching or frightening to other dogs by being aggressive towards them. Breeds with this characteristic will be recommended for household with other dogs, or plans to get more than one dog. displays drooling level level describing how much a breed tends to drool Range: less likely to drool - always have a towel Oxford Dictionary Breeds with this characteristics will not be recommended for households with those who do not want to have to clean too frequently displays exercise needs level level describing the level of daily activity needed Range: relectant to walk - multiple daily walks Oxford Dictionary Determined based on the average amount of exercise required amongst all dog breeds displays grooming level describing how frequently a breed requires bathing, brushing, trimming, or other kinds of coat maintenance Range: monthly - daily Oxford Dictionary Will not be recommended for owners who may not have the ability to frequently encourage maintenance related activities. displays health issue susceptability level level describing the level of health issues a breed tends to have Range: healthy - multiple known chronic conditions Oxford Dictionary Used to describe the severity of the most common health issues for the breed under normal circumstances displays intelligence level level describing the thinking and problem-solving ability Range: dumb - very smart Oxford Dictionary displays mental stimulation needs level level describing how much often a breed will need some form of mental activity to stimulate and enrich their mind Range: happy to lounge - needs a job or activity Oxford Dictionary Mental stimulation could be in the form of a puzzle or being trained to perform a task displays playfullness level level describing how spirited a dog tends to be as an adult Range: only when you want to play - non-stop Oxford Dictionary correlated to levels of activity and mobility. Will be used in recommending dogs to families looking to be active and families with children displays shedding level level describing how often fur will fall off of the coat Range: No shedding - hair everywhere Oxford Dictionary displays stranger friendliness level level describing how welcoming a breed is likely to be towards strangers Range: reserved - everyone is my best friend Oxford Dictionary Will be used to identify if a breed is not aggressive, restless or threatened in company of strangers. Breeds who are open to strangers will be recommended for families living in multi-family settings and or housing that may be close to each other. displays trainability level level describing the level of ease in learning something new and a willingness to try new things Range: self-willed - eager to please Oxford Dictionary Used to describe how easy it is to train the breed under normal circumstances Typically used to in cases of choosing breeds that may qualify for service-dog status displays watchdog ability level displays protective nature level level describing how likely a breed is to alert their owner to the presence of strangers Range: what's mine is yours - vigilant Oxford Dictionary Correlated to levels of alertness and focus on the surroundings of the owner(s). Will be used in recommending for owners who are looking to have a pet who will watch out for them/children. has allergy experiences an allergic reaction when exposed to Merriam-Webster Dictionary has breed value specifies some physical or external aspect of a breed Oxford Dictionary has budget has the level of disposable income willing to be spent on a specific activity of Merriam-Webster Dictionary has cleaning level Oxford Dictionary has the frequency of making an indoor space free of mess has climate zone experiences climate conditions that can be described by Oxford Dictionary has coat length has a coat with an average length of Merriam-Webster Dictionary has coat type has the fur texture Merriam-Webster Dictionary has exercise level performs activity requiring physical effort, carried out to sustain or improve health and fitness with frequency Merriam-Webster Dictionary has height breed value measuring the distance from ground to top of an adult dog's head while standing Oxford Dictionary A range, given in inches in most sources. Some resources will list the height as the distance from ground to top of shoulder, though we do not use those sources here has lifespan breed value measuring the average length of life of an average dog in a healthy environment Oxford Dictionary A range, given in years in most sources Households may prefer dogs with longer lifespans, and a longer lifespan is a greater financial commitment has marking has the potential to display the pattern Merriam-Webster Dictionary Used to describe only natural markings that may appear on the breed's fur has max height maximum height with respect to a range Oxford Dictionary has max life span maximum lifespan with respect to a range Oxford Dictionary has max price maximum price with respect to a range Oxford Dictionary has max weight maximum weight with respect to a range Oxford Dictionary has min height minimum height with respect to a range Oxford Dictionary has min life span minimum lifespan with respect to a range Oxford Dictionary has min price minimum price with respect to a range Oxford Dictionary has min weight minimum weight with respect to a range Oxford Dictionary has number of hours Oxford Dictionary specifies the number of hours a person has available has number hours in residence Oxford Dictionary number of hours spent physically in the residence used to determine how often a dog would be completely alone, and how independent it needs to be has number interactable hours Oxford Dictionary number of hours not preoccupied with known and scheduled tasks Used to help determine how much attention a dog may recieve has number of individuals Oxford Dictionary specifies the number of people in a family Used to help determine how much attention a dog may recieve has owner is a pet owned by Oxford Dictionary has popularity ranking is placed in a popularity hierarchy at Merriam-Webster Dictionary has price breed value of the average amount of money required to purchase a dog of a breed Cost is of newborn, purebred dogs from mediocre breeders Oxford Dictionary The average cost of buying a newborn dog of a specific breed from a breeder, not a 3rd party seller (pet store) or a shelter The price is given as a range, given in US dollars for the US, but due to differences in local pricing and the quality of breeder, the actual range of prices is much larger than reported has shape has the form or outline of a Merriam-Webster Dictionary has size Oxford Dictionary specifies something's dimensions travels at how frequently the potential adopter temporarily changes location Merriam-Webster Dictionary has weight breed value measuring the maximum potential of an adult dog's relative mass Oxford Dictionary A range, given in pounds in most sources Households may be restricted with a maximum weight for a dog or may prefer smaller dogs. Heavier dogs will also likely need more food than smaller dogs, leading to increased food costs is budget of is the level of disposable income willing to be spent on a specific activity of Merriam-Webster Dictionary is caused by Oxford Dictionary given rise to by is cleaning level of is the frequency of which an indoor space is made free of mess Oxford Dictionary is climate zone of is the classification of climate of Oxford Dictionary is coat length of is the average length of the fur of Merriam-Webster Dictionary is coat type of is the texture of the fur of Merriam-Webster Dictionary is colder climate zone than is a lower temperature on average than Oxford Dictionary is color of is the primary pigment of Merriam-Webster Dictionary is colored Merriam-Webster Dictionary is primarily pigmented Used to describe only natural colors that may appear on the breed's fur is exercise level of is the frequency of activity requiring physical effort, carried out to sustain or improve health and fitness, performed by Merriam-Webster Dictionary is higher cleaning frequency than cleans the residence more often than Oxford Dictionary is higher exercise level than exercises more often than Oxford Dictionary is higher traveling level than travels more often than Oxford Dictionary is a higher temperature on average than is hotter climate zone than Oxford Dictionary is larger budget than contains more money for a specific purpose than Oxford Dictionary is located at relates something to a location, which might be physical or virtual Oxford Dictionary is location of indicates the physical location of Oxford Dictionary is lower cleaning frequency than cleans the residence less often than Oxford Dictionary is lower exercise level than exercises less often than Oxford Dictionary is lower traveling level than travels less often than Oxford Dictionary is marking of is a potential pattern displayed on Merriam-Webster Dictionary is popularity ranking of is the placement in a popularity heirarchy of Merriam-Webster Dictionary is primary residence of is the primary location of residence of Merriam-Webster Dictionary is shape of is the outline or form of Merriam-Webster Dictionary is similar to resembles without being identical to Merriam-Webster Dictionary is size in square feet Oxford Dictionary size of a space in square feet is smaller budget than contains less money for a specific purpose than Oxford Dictionary is travelling level of is the frequency of temporarily changing location of Merriam-Webster Dictionary owns pet possesses a domesticated animal Oxford Dictionary primarily resides at spends the majority of their time in Merriam-Webster Dictionary wants dog to perform wants a dog to fulfill the specific role of Merriam-Webster Dictionary Oxford Dictionary https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Toy-Poodle-MP.jpg American Kennel Club Poodle (Toy) Dog Breed Info https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Carolina-Dog-standing-outdoors.jpg American Kennel Club Caroline Dog Dog Breed Info https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Affenpinscher-running-outdoors.jpg American Kennel Club Affenpinscher Dog Breed Info https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Great-Dane-standing-in-a-fenced-field.jpg American Kennel Club Great Dane Dog Breed Info https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Treeing-Tennessee-Brindle-on-White-01.jpg American Kennel Club treeing Tennassee Brindle Dog Breed Info https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Irish-Setter-puppy-laying-down.jpg American Kennel Club Irish Setter Dog Breed Info https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Labrador-Retriever-carrying-a-bird-in-its-mouth.jpg American Kennel Club Labrador Retriever Dog Breed Info https://s3.amazonaws.com/cdn-origin-etr.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/02151411/Afghan-Hound-standing-outdoors-in-the-fall.jpg American Kennel Club Afghan Hound Dog Breed Info https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Boxer.1.jpg American Kennel Club Boxer Dog Breed Info https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Golden-Retriever-standing-outdoors.jpg American Kennel Club Golden Retriever Dog Breed Info https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Vizsla-On-White-01.jpg American Kennel Club Vizsla Dog Breed Info https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Silky-Terrier-On-White-02.jpg color of the fur on the back and body American Kennel Club Silky Terrier Dog Breed Info https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Shih-Tzu-laying-down-in-three-quarter-view.jpg nose color, darker color of the fur American Kennel Club Shih Tzu Dog Breed Info https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Rottweiler-On-White-06.jpg the color on the chest and legs American Kennel Club Rottweiler Dog Breed Info https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Dachshund-standing-in-profile-in-the-park.jpg American Kennel Club Dachshund Dog Breed Info https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Shiba-Inu-On-White-01.jpg American Kennel Club Shiba Inu Dog Breed Info https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Standard-Schnauzer-On-White-03.jpg American Kennel Club Standard Schnauzer Dog Breed Info https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Afghan-Hound-portrait-outdoors.jpg American Kennel Club Afghan Hound Dog Breed Info https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Black-and-Tan-Coonhound-head-portrait-1.jpg main color on the muzzle American Kennel Club Black and Tan Coonhound Dog Breed Info https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Rhodesian-Ridgeback-standing-in-profile-outdoors.jpg American Kennel Club Rhodesian Ridgeback Dog Breed Info https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Poodle-On-White-121.jpg American Kennel Club Poodle (Standard) Dog Breed Info https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Beau-Kara.jpg Right side dog American Kennel Club Estrela Mountain Dog Dog Breed Info https://www.akc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Labrador-Retriever-On-White-01.jpg American Kennel Club Labrador Retriever Dog Breed Info