]> Beer Advisor Ontology This ontology is meant to provide users with a way to find beers that are suitable to different specifications. The ontology combines information coming from different sources in order to create a complete and yet comprehensive classification of beers that can be used by a ontology-enabled application made for beer recommendation. Recommendations are provided depending on many attributes such as beer style, alcohol content, bitterness, sweetness and color. Users can also find recommendations based off the search history and preferences of other users, and similariteis between different styles of beers. In addition, the ontology also allow users to look for beers that are produced by a determined brewery or in a specific location. The beer ontology enables all these different features by using many existing ontologies such as FIBO FND and BE ontologies and extending them to fit the purposes of beer classification. Deborah McGuinness Elisa Kendall Sam Stouffer Anna Yaroslaski Lucas Standaert Marcelo de Castro Fernandes Beer is one of the oldest alcoholic drinks created by humans and we have been creating different types of beers for millennia. Therefore, due to the wide variety of beers with different flavor profiles and styles, choosing a beer is not a simple matter. In this context, the Beer Advisor helps people in the difficult task which is finding the perfect beer. The ontology combines information from different sources in order to find the perfect beer match considering the user’s requests. For people who wish to contribute to the expansion of this ontology, the authors advise that they wait until the documentation is completed and released. http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT 2020-11-27 Ontologists Anonymous J. M. Bernstein, 'The Complete Beer Course: Boot Camp for Beer Geeks: From Novice to Expert in Twelve Tasting Classes', Sterling Epicure; Illustrated Edition, 2013. K. Swartz, 'Beer Best-Sellers: Recognizing the industry's leading brands of brews,' Cheers, vol.30, no.5, Oct./Nov., pp.26-30, 2019. T. Burnham, J. Herz, J. Holl, C. Jones, M. Storey, L. Trautwein, A. Sparhawk, G. Puza, N. Zander, 'Beer Styles Study Guide' CraftBeer.com, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.craftbeer.com/beer/beer-styles-guide. [Accessed Sept. 23, 2020] Beer Advisor - a beer ontology Copyright (c) 2020 Lucas Standaert, Anna Yaroslaski, Marcelo de Castro Fernandes https://spec.edmcouncil.org/fibo/ontology/FND/ https://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tetherless-world/ontology-engineering/beer-advisor/oe2020/beer-advisor/archived/OE-10-beer-advisor.rdf https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tetherless-world/ontology-engineering/beer-advisor/oe2020/beer-advisor/archived/OE-11-beer-advisor.rdf Eliminated dependencies on several FIBO ontologies that were not explicitly necessary. Information in the header was modified, adding in a copyright The https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tetherless-world/ontology-engineering/beer-advisor/oe2020/beer-advisor/archived/OE-10-beer-advisor.rdf was revised for the better integration of new beer styles. The https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tetherless-world/ontology-engineering/beer-advisor/oe2020/beer-advisor/archived/OE-11-beer-advisor.rdf was revised to add more restrictions related to ABV, IBU and OG to beers such as Dark Lagers, Stouts, Bocks and Porters. Updated spelling in the header alcohol sometimes referred to by the chemical name ethanol, is the psychoactive ingredient in beer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_(drug) alcohol by volume proportion of the total volume of liquid that is alcohol J. M. Bernstein, 'The Complete Beer Course: Boot Camp for Beer Geeks: From Novice to Expert in Twelve Tasting Classes', Sterling Epicure; Illustrated Edition, 2013. 1 alcohol content the amount of alcohol a liquid contains the quantity value for AlcoholByVolume https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume ale type of beer brewed using warm fermentation method https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ale ale yeast yeasts that favor high temperatures and that form a foam at the top of the wort during fermentation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast american india pale ale ipa focusing more upon aroma and bitterness https://www.craftbeer.com/beer/beer-styles-guide bale ale delete this https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pale%20ale bar establishment where drinks, especially alcoholic drinks, are sold and consumed https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/bar barley major cereal grain grown globally and used as a fermented source for beer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barley base malt light-colored malts that compose the bulk of the grains used in brewing process J. M. Bernstein, 'The Complete Beer Course: Boot Camp for Beer Geeks: From Novice to Expert in Twelve Tasting Classes', Sterling Epicure; Illustrated Edition, 2013. beer beverage, often alcoholic, obtained from the fermentation of cereal grains T. Burnham, J. Herz, J. Holl, C. Jones, M. Storey, L. Trautwein, A. Sparhawk, G. Puza, N. Zander, 'Beer Styles Study Guide' CraftBeer.com, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.craftbeer.com/beer/beer-styles-guide. [Accessed Sept. 23, 2020] https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/english/beer?q=beer beverage consumable liquid https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/beverage 1 bitterness unit unit of the measurement scale for the bitterness of beers the quantitive measurement unit you provide for InternationalBitternessUnit https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer_measurement#Bitterness/fibo-fnd-utl-av:adaptedFrom bock type of dark lager with strong malty flavor https://www.craftbeer.com/beer/beer-styles-guide 6.3 9.5 bock alcohol range range of possible alcohol contents for beers to classify as bocks 15 38 bock bitterness range range of possible bitterness for beers to classify as bocks 4 30 bock color range range of possible colors for beers to classify as bocks 1.050 1.100 bock original gravity range range of possible original gravity values for beers to classify as bocks brand a public image, reputation, or identity conceived of as something to be marketed or promoted https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/brand 1 brewery place where beer is produced brewpub establishment that sells beverages brewed on the premises and often includes a restaurant https://www.dictionary.com/browse/brewpub https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/brewpub 1 business entity party defined in terms of a business function it performs caramel malt malts that are specially stewed to create crystalline sugar structures within the grain's hull J. M. Bernstein, 'The Complete Beer Course: Boot Camp for Beer Geeks: From Novice to Expert in Twelve Tasting Classes', Sterling Epicure; Illustrated Edition, 2013. characteristic a typical set of features or qualities that a beer has https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/characteristic_1?q=characteristic 1 color the appearance that beers have that results from the way in which they reflect light the quantitive value for StandardReferenceMethod https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/color_1?q=color corn cereal grains from species Zea mays that are used to lighten a beer's body, decrease haziness and stabilize flavor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maize crystal malt malts that are specially stewed to create crystalline sugar structures within the grain's hull J. M. Bernstein, 'The Complete Beer Course: Boot Camp for Beer Geeks: From Novice to Expert in Twelve Tasting Classes', Sterling Epicure; Illustrated Edition, 2013. dark lager style of lager; pairs clean lager yeast with dark malts https://www.craftbeer.com/beer/beer-styles-guide 3.8 6.0 dark lager alcohol range range of possible alcohol contents for beers to classify as dark lagers 14 35 dark lager bitterness range range of possible bitterness for beers to classify as dark lagers 4 30 dark lager color range range of possible colors for beers to classify as dark lagers 1.010 1.056 dark lager original gravity range range of possible original gravity values for beers to classify as dark lagers dark malt malts that are highly roasted to add a very characteristic flavor J. M. Bernstein, 'The Complete Beer Course: Boot Camp for Beer Geeks: From Novice to Expert in Twelve Tasting Classes', Sterling Epicure; Illustrated Edition, 2013. degree plato unit of the measurement scale for the original gravity of beers https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_(alcoholic_beverage) english india pale ale stronger version of pale ale, characterized by english hop and increased alcohol content https://www.craftbeer.com/styles/english-style-india-pale-ale grain the small hard seeds of food plants https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/grain?q=grain hop female flowers (cones) of Humulus lupulus, a creeping vine J. M. Bernstein, 'The Complete Beer Course: Boot Camp for Beer Geeks: From Novice to Expert in Twelve Tasting Classes', Sterling Epicure; Illustrated Edition, 2013. hybrid beer that is a combination of the lager and ale style https://www.thespruceeats.com/what-are-hybrid-beers-353065 imperial india pale ale pale ale made with extra hops https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/India%20pale%20ale india pale ale pale ale made with extra hops An individual that is provided with an alcohol content, IBU, color, and OG within the IPA ranges found below https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/India%20pale%20ale 5.1 10.6 india pale ale alcohol range range of possible alcohol contents for beers to classify as IPAs 30 100 india pale ale bitterness range range of possible bitterness for beers to classify as IPAs 2 14 india pale ale color range range of possible colors for beers to classify as IPAs 1.050 1.100 india pale ale original gravity range range of possible original gravity values for beers to classify as IPAs ingredient one of the things from which beer is made https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/ingredient?q=ingredient international bitterness unit scale used to approximately quantify the bitterness of a beer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer_measurement#Bitterness irish dry stout black beer with dry-roasted character due to roasted barley https://www.craftbeer.com/styles/irish-style-dry-stout#:~:text=Dry%20stout%20is%20black%20beer,is%20medium%20to%20medium%20high. lager a type of beer conditioned at low temperature https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lager lager yeast yeasts that favor low temperatures adding refreshing flavors https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast libation beverage, especially one that contains alcohol https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/libation malt barley grain that has been left in water for a period of time and then dried https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/malt?q=malt new england india pale ale IPA with emphasis upon juicy and tropical hops, without emphasis on bitter https://www.craftbeer.com/beer/beer-styles-guide oat seeds from the cereal grain of species Avena sativa that are used to create a creamy and full-bodied brew https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oat oatmeal stout dark brown to black beer with roasted malt character and smooth, rich body due to oatmeal https://www.beeradvocate.com/beer/styles/69/ 1 original gravity specific gravity, or relative density compared to water, measured before fermentation the quantitive value for DegreePlato https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_(alcoholic_beverage) pale ale over-arching type of ale; usually medium-colored, dry with a strong flavor of hops https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pale%20ale 4.4 6.1 pale ale alcohol range range of possible alcohol contents for beers to classify as pale ales 20 50 pale ale bitterness range range of possible bitterness values for beers to classify as pale ales 5 16 pale ale color range range of possible colors for beers to classify as pale ales 1.045 1.060 pale ale original gravity range range of possible original gravity values for beers to classify as pale ales porter darker ale that utilizes brown or charred malts https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/porters 4.4 12.0 porter alcohol range range of possible alcohol contents for beers to classify as porters 20 50 porter bitterness range range of possible bitterness for beers to classify as porters 20 40 porter color range range of possible colors for beers to classify as porters 1.040 1.100 porter original gravity range range of possible original gravity values for beers to classify as porters user preference set of beer types and characteristics which are preferred by the user https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_profile pale ale - pure type of pure pale ale; usually medium-colored, dry with a mild-to-strong hop flavor create an instance of a pale ale with values for ABV, IBU, color and og between the listed values below https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pale%20ale restaurant establishment where meals are prepared and served to customers https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/restaurant rice seed from the grass species Oryza glaberrima or Oryza sativa that is used to create snappy flavors, dry profile and a lighter body https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice roasted malt malts that are kilned or roasted at high temperatures to impart certain flavor characteristics J. M. Bernstein, 'The Complete Beer Course: Boot Camp for Beer Geeks: From Novice to Expert in Twelve Tasting Classes', Sterling Epicure; Illustrated Edition, 2013. rye cereal grains from species Secale cereale that are used to sharpen flavors, add complexity, crispness, and subtle spiceness. It is also used to dry out the beer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rye search history record of information browsed by user on computer https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/browsing_history season a period of the year characterized by or associated with a particular activity or phenomenon https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/season session india pale ale combines hoppiness of IPA with lower alcohol content of session beer create an instance of a session IPA with values for ABV, IBU, color and og between the listed values below https://beerandwinejournal.com/session-ipa/#:~:text=One%20style%20(or%20substyle)%20of,one%20of%20the%20best%2Dknown. 3.7 5.0 session india pale ale alcohol range range of possible alcohol contents for beers to classify as session IPAs 40 55 session india pale ale bitterness range range of possible bitterness values for beers to classify as session IPAs 3 12 session india pale ale color range range of possible colors for beers to classify as session IPAs 1.038 1.052 session india pale ale original gravity range range of possible original gravity values for beers to classify as session IPAs sorghum grass from the genus Sorghum that is used as gluten-free alternative to barley and other cereals, adding a sour edge to the beer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghum specialty malt auxiliary malts that are used for increasing body, improving head retention, adding color aroma and flavor J. M. Bernstein, 'The Complete Beer Course: Boot Camp for Beer Geeks: From Novice to Expert in Twelve Tasting Classes', Sterling Epicure; Illustrated Edition, 2013. standard reference method system used to specify beer color https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Reference_Method stout dark ale brewed with unmalted roasted barley https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stouts 3.2 12.0 stout alcohol range range of possible alcohol contents for beers to classify as stouts 15 80 stout bitterness range range of possible bitterness for beers to classify as stouts 20 stout color range range of possible color for beers to classify as stouts 1.008 1.100 stout original gravity range range of possible original gravity values for beers to classify as stouts style term used to differentiate and categorise beers by factors https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer_style unmalted barley barley that does not undergo the process of malting J. M. Bernstein, 'The Complete Beer Course: Boot Camp for Beer Geeks: From Novice to Expert in Twelve Tasting Classes', Sterling Epicure; Illustrated Edition, 2013. 1 user person who uses the beer advisor application on some device Provide a User individual with an instance of a person and UserProfile 0 user profile set of personal data that is associated with a specific user provide an instance of a UserProfile with an instance of a search history and preference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_profile wheat seed from the grass plants of genum Triticum that is used to create a fuller body and mouthfeel and a foamy head https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat yeast eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom which are used to ferment the mixture made from the ingredients of beer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast has alcohol by volume indicates the property that quantifies the level of alcohol in a beer J. M. Bernstein, 'The Complete Beer Course: Boot Camp for Beer Geeks: From Novice to Expert in Twelve Tasting Classes', Sterling Epicure; Illustrated Edition, 2013. has bitterness unit indicates the IBU value of a beer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer_measurement#Bitterness has brand indicates the brand under which the beer is sold K. Swartz, 'Beer Best-Sellers: Recognizing the industry's leading brands of brews,' Cheers, vol.30, no.5, Oct./Nov., pp.26-30, 2019. has brewery indicates what brewerys made the beer https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/brewery has characteristic indicates the set of characteristics of a beer https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/characteristic_1? has color indicates the characteristic color of the beer https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/color_1?q=color has extrinsic characteristic indicates the set of extrinsic characteristics of a beer https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/characteristic_1? has grain type indicates the type of grains that are used in the beer https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/grain?q=grain has history indicates the user's search history https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/search_1?q=search has hop type indicates the type of hops that are used in the beer J. M. Bernstein, 'The Complete Beer Course: Boot Camp for Beer Geeks: From Novice to Expert in Twelve Tasting Classes', Sterling Epicure; Illustrated Edition, 2013. has ingredient indicates the list of ingredients that are used to brew a beer https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/ingredient?q=ingredient has intrinsic characteristic indicates the set of intrinsic characteristics of a beer https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/characteristic_1? has original gravity indicates the original gravity value of a beer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_(alcoholic_beverage) has profile links a beer advisor user to their profile in the application has yeast type indicates yeast types used in the beer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast sells links a party to something that they make available for sale similar to having characteristics in common, strictly comparable https://www.craftbeer.com/beer/beer-styles-guide