Beer Advisor Ontology
type: Ontology
abstract: This ontology is meant to provide users with a way to find beers that are suitable to different specifications. The ontology combines information coming from different sources in order to create a complete and yet comprehensive classification of beers that can be used by a ontology-enabled application made for beer recommendation. Recommendations are provided depending on many attributes such as beer style, alcohol content, bitterness, sweetness and color. Users can also find recommendations based off the search history and preferences of other users, and similariteis between different styles of beers. In addition, the ontology also allow users to look for beers that are produced by a determined brewery or in a specific location. The beer ontology enables all these different features by using many existing ontologies such as FIBO FND and BE ontologies and extending them to fit the purposes of beer classification.
contributor: Deborah McGuinness
contributor: Elisa Kendall
contributor: Sam Stouffer
creator: Anna Yaroslaski
creator: Lucas Standaert
creator: Marcelo de Castro Fernandes
description: Beer is one of the oldest alcoholic drinks created by humans and we have been creating different types of beers for millennia. Therefore, due to the wide variety of beers with different flavor profiles and styles, choosing a beer is not a simple matter. In this context, the Beer Advisor helps people in the difficult task which is finding the perfect beer. The ontology combines information from different sources in order to find the perfect beer match considering the user’s requests. For people who wish to contribute to the expansion of this ontology, the authors advise that they wait until the documentation is completed and released.
license: http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
modified: 2020-11-27
publisher: Ontologists Anonymous
source: J. M. Bernstein, 'The Complete Beer Course: Boot Camp for Beer Geeks: From Novice to Expert in Twelve Tasting Classes', Sterling Epicure; Illustrated Edition, 2013.
source: K. Swartz, 'Beer Best-Sellers: Recognizing the industry's leading brands of brews,' Cheers, vol.30, no.5, Oct./Nov., pp.26-30, 2019.
source: T. Burnham, J. Herz, J. Holl, C. Jones, M. Storey, L. Trautwein, A. Sparhawk, G. Puza, N. Zander, 'Beer Styles Study Guide' CraftBeer.com, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.craftbeer.com/beer/beer-styles-guide. [Accessed Sept. 23, 2020]
title: Beer Advisor - a beer ontology
copyright: Copyright (c) 2020 Lucas Standaert, Anna Yaroslaski, Marcelo de Castro Fernandes
depends on: https://spec.edmcouncil.org/fibo/ontology/FND/
depends on: https://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/
imports: People
imports: FinancialDates
imports: Parties
imports: Roles
imports: Locations
imports: QuantitiesAndUnits
imports: Relations
imports: Analytics
imports: AnnotationVocabulary
imports: CountryRepresentation
imports: LanguageRepresentation
prior version: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tetherless-world/ontology-engineering/beer-advisor/oe2020/beer-advisor/archived/OE-10-beer-advisor.rdf
prior version: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tetherless-world/ontology-engineering/beer-advisor/oe2020/beer-advisor/archived/OE-11-beer-advisor.rdf
version IRI: beer-advisor.rdf
change note: Eliminated dependencies on several FIBO ontologies that were not explicitly necessary.
change note: Information in the header was modified, adding in a copyright
change note: The https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tetherless-world/ontology-engineering/beer-advisor/oe2020/beer-advisor/archived/OE-10-beer-advisor.rdf was revised for the better integration of new beer styles.
change note: The https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tetherless-world/ontology-engineering/beer-advisor/oe2020/beer-advisor/archived/OE-11-beer-advisor.rdf was revised to add more restrictions related to ABV, IBU and OG to beers such as Dark Lagers, Stouts, Bocks and Porters.
change note: Updated spelling in the header

alcohol
type: Class
subclass of: characteristic
definition: sometimes referred to by the chemical name ethanol, is the psychoactive ingredient in beer
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)

alcohol by volume
type: Class
subclass of: MeasurementUnit
definition: proportion of the total volume of liquid that is alcohol
adapted from: J. M. Bernstein, 'The Complete Beer Course: Boot Camp for Beer Geeks: From Novice to Expert in Twelve Tasting Classes', Sterling Epicure; Illustrated Edition, 2013.

alcohol content
type: Class
subclass of: QuantityValue
subclass of: characteristic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasMeasurementUnit
  on class: alcohol by volume
  qualified cardinality: 1
definition: the amount of alcohol a liquid contains
example: the quantity value for AlcoholByVolume
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume

ale
type: Class
subclass of: beer
definition: type of beer brewed using warm fermentation method
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ale

ale yeast
type: Class
subclass of: yeast
definition: yeasts that favor high temperatures and that form a foam at the top of the wort during fermentation
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast

american india pale ale
type: Class
subclass of: india pale ale
definition: ipa focusing more upon aroma and bitterness
adapted from: https://www.craftbeer.com/beer/beer-styles-guide

bale ale
type: Class
subclass of: ale
definition: delete this
adapted from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pale%20ale

bar
type: Class
subclass of: business entity
definition: establishment where drinks, especially alcoholic drinks, are sold and consumed
adapted from: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/bar

barley
type: Class
subclass of: grain
definition: major cereal grain grown globally and used as a fermented source for beer
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barley

base malt
type: Class
subclass of: malt
definition: light-colored malts that compose the bulk of the grains used in brewing process
adapted from: J. M. Bernstein, 'The Complete Beer Course: Boot Camp for Beer Geeks: From Novice to Expert in Twelve Tasting Classes', Sterling Epicure; Illustrated Edition, 2013.

beer
type: Class
subclass of: libation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isProducedBy
  some values from: brewery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has alcohol by volume
  some values from: alcohol content
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has bitterness unit
  some values from: bitterness unit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has color
  some values from: color
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has ingredient
  some values from: ingredient
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has original gravity
  some values from: original gravity
definition: beverage, often alcoholic, obtained from the fermentation of cereal grains
adapted from: T. Burnham, J. Herz, J. Holl, C. Jones, M. Storey, L. Trautwein, A. Sparhawk, G. Puza, N. Zander, 'Beer Styles Study Guide' CraftBeer.com, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.craftbeer.com/beer/beer-styles-guide. [Accessed Sept. 23, 2020]
adapted from: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/english/beer

beverage
type: Class
definition: consumable liquid
adapted from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/beverage

bitterness unit
type: Class
subclass of: QuantityValue
subclass of: characteristic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasMeasurementUnit
  on class: international bitterness unit
  qualified cardinality: 1
definition: unit of the measurement scale for the bitterness of beers
example: the quantitive measurement unit you provide for InternationalBitternessUnit
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer_measurement#Bitterness/fibo-fnd-utl-av:adaptedFrom

bock
type: Class
subclass of: lager
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has alcohol by volume
  some values from: bock alcohol range
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has bitterness unit
  some values from: bock bitterness range
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has color
  some values from: bock color range
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has original gravity
  some values from: bock original gravity range
definition: type of dark lager with strong malty flavor
adapted from: https://www.craftbeer.com/beer/beer-styles-guide

bock alcohol range
type: Class
subclass of: alcohol content
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 6.3
    with restrictions:
      max inclusive: 9.5
definition: range of possible alcohol contents for beers to classify as bocks

bock bitterness range
type: Class
subclass of: bitterness unit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 15
    with restrictions:
      max inclusive: 38
definition: range of possible bitterness for beers to classify as bocks

bock color range
type: Class
subclass of: color
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 4
    with restrictions:
      max inclusive: 30
definition: range of possible colors for beers to classify as bocks

bock original gravity range
type: Class
subclass of: original gravity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 1.050
    with restrictions:
      max inclusive: 1.100
definition: range of possible original gravity values for beers to classify as bocks

brand
type: Class
subclass of: characteristic
definition: a public image, reputation, or identity conceived of as something to be marketed or promoted
adapted from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/brand

brewery
type: Class
subclass of: business entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasName
  on data range: string
  qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produces
  some values from: beer
definition: place where beer is produced

brewpub
type: Class
subclass of: bar
subclass of: brewery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: sells
  some values from: beer
definition: establishment that sells beverages brewed on the premises and often includes a restaurant
adapted from: https://www.dictionary.com/browse/brewpub
adapted from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/brewpub

business entity
type: Class
subclass of: AgentInRole
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasIdentity
  on class: IndependentParty
  qualified cardinality: 1
definition: party defined in terms of a business function it performs

caramel malt
type: Class
subclass of: specialty malt
equivalent class: crystal malt
definition: malts that are specially stewed to create crystalline sugar structures within the grain's hull
adapted from: J. M. Bernstein, 'The Complete Beer Course: Boot Camp for Beer Geeks: From Novice to Expert in Twelve Tasting Classes', Sterling Epicure; Illustrated Edition, 2013.

characteristic
type: Class
subclass of: Aspect
definition: a typical set of features or qualities that a beer has
adapted from: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/characteristic_1

color
type: Class
subclass of: QuantityValue
subclass of: characteristic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasMeasurementUnit
  on class: standard reference method
  qualified cardinality: 1
definition: the appearance that beers have that results from the way in which they reflect light
example: the quantitive value for StandardReferenceMethod
adapted from: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/color_1

corn
type: Class
subclass of: grain
definition: cereal grains from species Zea mays that are used to lighten a beer's body, decrease haziness and stabilize flavor
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maize

crystal malt
type: Class
subclass of: specialty malt
definition: malts that are specially stewed to create crystalline sugar structures within the grain's hull
adapted from: J. M. Bernstein, 'The Complete Beer Course: Boot Camp for Beer Geeks: From Novice to Expert in Twelve Tasting Classes', Sterling Epicure; Illustrated Edition, 2013.

dark lager
type: Class
subclass of: lager
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has alcohol by volume
  some values from: dark lager alcohol range
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has bitterness unit
  some values from: dark lager bitterness range
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has color
  some values from: dark lager color range
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has original gravity
  some values from: dark lager original gravity range
definition: style of lager; pairs clean lager yeast with dark malts
adapted from: https://www.craftbeer.com/beer/beer-styles-guide

dark lager alcohol range
type: Class
subclass of: alcohol content
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 3.8
    with restrictions:
      max inclusive: 6.0
definition: range of possible alcohol contents for beers to classify as dark lagers

dark lager bitterness range
type: Class
subclass of: bitterness unit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 14
    with restrictions:
      max inclusive: 35
definition: range of possible bitterness for beers to classify as dark lagers

dark lager color range
type: Class
subclass of: color
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 4
    with restrictions:
      max inclusive: 30
definition: range of possible colors for beers to classify as dark lagers

dark lager original gravity range
type: Class
subclass of: original gravity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 1.010
    with restrictions:
      max inclusive: 1.056
definition: range of possible original gravity values for beers to classify as dark lagers

dark malt
type: Class
subclass of: specialty malt
definition: malts that are highly roasted to add a very characteristic flavor
adapted from: J. M. Bernstein, 'The Complete Beer Course: Boot Camp for Beer Geeks: From Novice to Expert in Twelve Tasting Classes', Sterling Epicure; Illustrated Edition, 2013.

degree plato
type: Class
subclass of: MeasurementUnit
definition: unit of the measurement scale for the original gravity of beers
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_(alcoholic_beverage)

english india pale ale
type: Class
subclass of: india pale ale
definition: stronger version of pale ale, characterized by english hop and increased alcohol content
adapted from: https://www.craftbeer.com/styles/english-style-india-pale-ale

grain
type: Class
subclass of: ingredient
definition: the small hard seeds of food plants
adapted from: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/grain

hop
type: Class
subclass of: ingredient
definition: female flowers (cones) of Humulus lupulus, a creeping vine
adapted from: J. M. Bernstein, 'The Complete Beer Course: Boot Camp for Beer Geeks: From Novice to Expert in Twelve Tasting Classes', Sterling Epicure; Illustrated Edition, 2013.

hybrid
type: Class
subclass of: beer
definition: beer that is a combination of the lager and ale style
adapted from: https://www.thespruceeats.com/what-are-hybrid-beers-353065

imperial india pale ale
type: Class
subclass of: india pale ale
definition: pale ale made with extra hops
adapted from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/India%20pale%20ale

india pale ale
type: Class
subclass of: pale ale
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has alcohol by volume
  some values from: india pale ale alcohol range
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has bitterness unit
  some values from: india pale ale bitterness range
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has color
  some values from: india pale ale color range
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has original gravity
  some values from: india pale ale original gravity range
definition: pale ale made with extra hops
example: An individual that is provided with an alcohol content, IBU, color, and OG within the IPA ranges found below
adapted from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/India%20pale%20ale
similar to: pale ale - pure
similar to: session india pale ale

india pale ale alcohol range
type: Class
subclass of: alcohol content
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 5.1
    with restrictions:
      max inclusive: 10.6
definition: range of possible alcohol contents for beers to classify as IPAs

india pale ale bitterness range
type: Class
subclass of: bitterness unit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 30
    with restrictions:
      max inclusive: 100
definition: range of possible bitterness for beers to classify as IPAs

india pale ale color range
type: Class
subclass of: color
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 2
    with restrictions:
      max inclusive: 14
definition: range of possible colors for beers to classify as IPAs

india pale ale original gravity range
type: Class
subclass of: original gravity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 1.050
    with restrictions:
      max inclusive: 1.100
definition: range of possible original gravity values for beers to classify as IPAs

ingredient
type: Class
subclass of: characteristic
definition: one of the things from which beer is made
adapted from: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/ingredient

international bitterness unit
type: Class
subclass of: MeasurementUnit
definition: scale used to approximately quantify the bitterness of a beer
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer_measurement#Bitterness

irish dry stout
type: Class
subclass of: stout
definition: black beer with dry-roasted character due to roasted barley
adapted from: https://www.craftbeer.com/styles/irish-style-dry-stout#:~:text=Dry%20stout%20is%20black%20beer,is%20medium%20to%20medium%20high.

lager
type: Class
subclass of: beer
definition: a type of beer conditioned at low temperature
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lager

lager yeast
type: Class
subclass of: yeast
definition: yeasts that favor low temperatures adding refreshing flavors
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast

libation
type: Class
subclass of: beverage
definition: beverage, especially one that contains alcohol
adapted from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/libation

malt
type: Class
subclass of: barley
definition: barley grain that has been left in water for a period of time and then dried
adapted from: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/malt

new england india pale ale
type: Class
subclass of: india pale ale
definition: IPA with emphasis upon juicy and tropical hops, without emphasis on bitter
adapted from: https://www.craftbeer.com/beer/beer-styles-guide

oat
type: Class
subclass of: grain
definition: seeds from the cereal grain of species Avena sativa that are used to create a creamy and full-bodied brew
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oat

oatmeal stout
type: Class
subclass of: stout
definition: dark brown to black beer with roasted malt character and smooth, rich body due to oatmeal
adapted from: https://www.beeradvocate.com/beer/styles/69/

original gravity
type: Class
subclass of: QuantityValue
subclass of: characteristic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasMeasurementUnit
  on class: degree plato
  qualified cardinality: 1
definition: specific gravity, or relative density compared to water, measured before fermentation
example: the quantitive value for DegreePlato
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_(alcoholic_beverage)

pale ale
type: Class
subclass of: ale
definition: over-arching type of ale; usually medium-colored, dry with a strong flavor of hops
adapted from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pale%20ale

pale ale alcohol range
type: Class
subclass of: alcohol content
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 4.4
    with restrictions:
      max inclusive: 6.1
definition: range of possible alcohol contents for beers to classify as pale ales

pale ale bitterness range
type: Class
subclass of: bitterness unit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 20
    with restrictions:
      max inclusive: 50
definition: range of possible bitterness values for beers to classify as pale ales

pale ale color range
type: Class
subclass of: color
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 5
    with restrictions:
      max inclusive: 16
definition: range of possible colors for beers to classify as pale ales

pale ale original gravity range
type: Class
subclass of: original gravity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 1.045
    with restrictions:
      max inclusive: 1.060
definition: range of possible original gravity values for beers to classify as pale ales

porter
type: Class
subclass of: ale
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has alcohol by volume
  some values from: porter alcohol range
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has bitterness unit
  some values from: porter bitterness range
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has color
  some values from: porter color range
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has original gravity
  some values from: porter original gravity range
definition: darker ale that utilizes brown or charred malts
adapted from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/porters

porter alcohol range
type: Class
subclass of: alcohol content
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 4.4
    with restrictions:
      max inclusive: 12.0
definition: range of possible alcohol contents for beers to classify as porters

porter bitterness range
type: Class
subclass of: bitterness unit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 20
    with restrictions:
      max inclusive: 50
definition: range of possible bitterness for beers to classify as porters

porter color range
type: Class
subclass of: color
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 20
    with restrictions:
      max inclusive: 40
definition: range of possible colors for beers to classify as porters

porter original gravity range
type: Class
subclass of: original gravity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 1.040
    with restrictions:
      max inclusive: 1.100
definition: range of possible original gravity values for beers to classify as porters

user preference
type: Class
subclass of: Collection
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: comprises
  some values from: Class
    union of: beer
    union of: Restriction
      on property: has characteristic
      some values from: characteristic
definition: set of beer types and characteristics which are preferred by the user
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_profile

pale ale - pure
type: Class
subclass of: pale ale
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has alcohol by volume
  some values from: pale ale alcohol range
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has bitterness unit
  some values from: pale ale bitterness range
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has color
  some values from: pale ale color range
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has original gravity
  some values from: pale ale original gravity range
definition: type of pure pale ale; usually medium-colored, dry with a mild-to-strong hop flavor
example: create an instance of a pale ale with values for ABV, IBU, color and og between the listed values below
adapted from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pale%20ale
similar to: india pale ale
similar to: session india pale ale

restaurant
type: Class
subclass of: business entity
definition: establishment where meals are prepared and served to customers
adapted from: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/restaurant

rice
type: Class
subclass of: grain
definition: seed from the grass species Oryza glaberrima or Oryza sativa that is used to create snappy flavors, dry profile and a lighter body
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice

roasted malt
type: Class
subclass of: specialty malt
definition: malts that are kilned or roasted at high temperatures to impart certain flavor characteristics
adapted from: J. M. Bernstein, 'The Complete Beer Course: Boot Camp for Beer Geeks: From Novice to Expert in Twelve Tasting Classes', Sterling Epicure; Illustrated Edition, 2013.

rye
type: Class
subclass of: grain
definition: cereal grains from species Secale cereale that are used to sharpen flavors, add complexity, crispness, and subtle spiceness. It is also used to dry out the beer
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rye

search history
type: Class
subclass of: DatedStructuredCollection
definition: record of information browsed by user on computer
adapted from: https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/browsing_history

season
type: Class
subclass of: characteristic
definition: a period of the year characterized by or associated with a particular activity or phenomenon
adapted from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/season

session india pale ale
type: Class
subclass of: hybrid
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has alcohol by volume
  some values from: session india pale ale alcohol range
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has bitterness unit
  some values from: session india pale ale bitterness range
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has color
  some values from: session india pale ale color range
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has original gravity
  some values from: session india pale ale original gravity range
definition: combines hoppiness of IPA with lower alcohol content of session beer
example: create an instance of a session IPA with values for ABV, IBU, color and og between the listed values below
adapted from: https://beerandwinejournal.com/session-ipa/#:~:text=One%20style%20(or%20substyle)%20of,one%20of%20the%20best%2Dknown.
similar to: india pale ale
similar to: pale ale - pure

session india pale ale alcohol range
type: Class
subclass of: alcohol content
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 3.7
    with restrictions:
      max inclusive: 5.0
definition: range of possible alcohol contents for beers to classify as session IPAs

session india pale ale bitterness range
type: Class
subclass of: bitterness unit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 40
    with restrictions:
      max inclusive: 55
definition: range of possible bitterness values for beers to classify as session IPAs

session india pale ale color range
type: Class
subclass of: color
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 3
    with restrictions:
      max inclusive: 12
definition: range of possible colors for beers to classify as session IPAs

session india pale ale original gravity range
type: Class
subclass of: original gravity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 1.038
    with restrictions:
      max inclusive: 1.052
definition: range of possible original gravity values for beers to classify as session IPAs

sorghum
type: Class
subclass of: grain
definition: grass from the genus Sorghum that is used as gluten-free alternative to barley and other cereals, adding a sour edge to the beer
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghum

specialty malt
type: Class
subclass of: malt
definition: auxiliary malts that are used for increasing body, improving head retention, adding color aroma and flavor
adapted from: J. M. Bernstein, 'The Complete Beer Course: Boot Camp for Beer Geeks: From Novice to Expert in Twelve Tasting Classes', Sterling Epicure; Illustrated Edition, 2013.

standard reference method
type: Class
subclass of: MeasurementUnit
definition: system used to specify beer color
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Reference_Method

stout
type: Class
subclass of: ale
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has alcohol by volume
  some values from: stout alcohol range
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has bitterness unit
  some values from: stout bitterness range
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has color
  some values from: stout color range
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has original gravity
  some values from: stout original gravity range
definition: dark ale brewed with unmalted roasted barley
adapted from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stouts

stout alcohol range
type: Class
subclass of: alcohol content
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 3.2
    with restrictions:
      max inclusive: 12.0
definition: range of possible alcohol contents for beers to classify as stouts

stout bitterness range
type: Class
subclass of: bitterness unit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 15
    with restrictions:
      max inclusive: 80
definition: range of possible bitterness for beers to classify as stouts

stout color range
type: Class
subclass of: color
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 20
definition: range of possible color for beers to classify as stouts

stout original gravity range
type: Class
subclass of: original gravity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasNumericValue
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: decimal
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 1.008
    with restrictions:
      max inclusive: 1.100
definition: range of possible original gravity values for beers to classify as stouts

style
type: Class
subclass of: characteristic
definition: term used to differentiate and categorise beers by factors
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer_style

unmalted barley
type: Class
subclass of: barley
definition: barley that does not undergo the process of malting
adapted from: J. M. Bernstein, 'The Complete Beer Course: Boot Camp for Beer Geeks: From Novice to Expert in Twelve Tasting Classes', Sterling Epicure; Illustrated Edition, 2013.

user
type: Class
subclass of: PartyInRole
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasIdentity
  on class: Person
  qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has profile
  some values from: user profile
definition: person who uses the beer advisor application on some device
example: Provide a User individual with an instance of a person and UserProfile

user profile
type: Class
subclass of: Collection
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: comprises
  on class: search history
  min qualified cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: comprises
  some values from: user preference
definition: set of personal data that is associated with a specific user
example: provide an instance of a UserProfile with an instance of a search history and preference
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_profile

wheat
type: Class
subclass of: grain
definition: seed from the grass plants of genum Triticum that is used to create a fuller body and mouthfeel and a foamy head
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat

yeast
type: Class
subclass of: ingredient
definition: eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom which are used to ferment the mixture made from the ingredients of beer
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast

has alcohol by volume
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has intrinsic characteristic
range: alcohol content
definition: indicates the property that quantifies the level of alcohol in a beer
adapted from: J. M. Bernstein, 'The Complete Beer Course: Boot Camp for Beer Geeks: From Novice to Expert in Twelve Tasting Classes', Sterling Epicure; Illustrated Edition, 2013.

has bitterness unit
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has intrinsic characteristic
definition: indicates the IBU value of a beer
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer_measurement#Bitterness

has brand
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has extrinsic characteristic
definition: indicates the brand under which the beer is sold
adapted from: K. Swartz, 'Beer Best-Sellers: Recognizing the industry's leading brands of brews,' Cheers, vol.30, no.5, Oct./Nov., pp.26-30, 2019.

has brewery
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has extrinsic characteristic
definition: indicates what brewerys made the beer
adapted from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/brewery

has characteristic
type: ObjectProperty
domain: beer
definition: indicates the set of characteristics of a beer
adapted from: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/characteristic_1

has color
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has intrinsic characteristic
range: standard reference method
definition: indicates the characteristic color of the beer
adapted from: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/color_1

has extrinsic characteristic
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has characteristic
definition: indicates the set of extrinsic characteristics of a beer
adapted from: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/characteristic_1

has grain type
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has ingredient
definition: indicates the type of grains that are used in the beer
adapted from: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/grain

has history
type: ObjectProperty
definition: indicates the user's search history
adapted from: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/search_1

has hop type
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has ingredient
definition: indicates the type of hops that are used in the beer
adapted from: J. M. Bernstein, 'The Complete Beer Course: Boot Camp for Beer Geeks: From Novice to Expert in Twelve Tasting Classes', Sterling Epicure; Illustrated Edition, 2013.

has ingredient
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has intrinsic characteristic
definition: indicates the list of ingredients that are used to brew a beer
adapted from: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/ingredient

has intrinsic characteristic
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has characteristic
definition: indicates the set of intrinsic characteristics of a beer
adapted from: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/characteristic_1

has original gravity
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has intrinsic characteristic
definition: indicates the original gravity value of a beer
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_(alcoholic_beverage)

has profile
type: ObjectProperty
definition: links a beer advisor user to their profile in the application

has yeast type
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has ingredient
definition: indicates yeast types used in the beer
adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast

sells
type: ObjectProperty
domain: PartyInRole
definition: links a party to something that they make available for sale

similar to
type: ObjectProperty
domain: beer
definition: having characteristics in common, strictly comparable
adapted from: https://www.craftbeer.com/beer/beer-styles-guide