KInde Sir, commendations remembred, &c. You ſhall vnderſtand that after many croſſes in the downes by tempeſts wee arriued ſafely vppon the Southweſt part of the great Canaries: within foure or fiue daies after we ſet ſaile for Dominica, the 26. of Aprill: the firſt land we made, wee fell with Cape Henry, the verie mouth of the Bay of Chiſſiapiacke, which at that preſent we little expected, hauing by a cruell ſtorme bene put to the Northward: anchoring in this Bay twentie or thirtie went a ſhore with the Captain▪ and in comming aboard, they were aſſalted with certaine Indians, which charged them within Piſtoll ſhot: in which conflict, Captaine Archer and Mathew Morton were ſhot: wherupon, Captaine Newport ſeconding them, made a ſhot at them, which the Indians little reſpected, but hauing ſpent their arrowes retyred without harme and in that place was the Bar opened, wherin the Counſell for Virginia was nonnnated: and arriuing at the place where we are now ſeated, the Counſell was ſworne, the Preſident elected, which for that yeare was Maiſter Edm. Maria Wingfield, where was made choice for our ſcituation, a verie fit place for the erecting of a great cittie, about which ſome contention paſſed betwixt Captaine Wingfield and Captaine Goſnold, not-withſtanding all out prouiſion was brought a ſhore, and with as much ſpeede as might bee wee went about our fortification.

The two and twenty day of Aprill, Captain Newport and my ſelfe with diuers others, to the number of twenty two perſons, ſet forward to diſcouer the Riuer, ſome fiftie or ſixtie miles, finding it in ſome places broader, & in ſome narrower, the Countrie (for the moſte part) on each ſide plaine high ground, with many freſh Springes, the people in all places kindely intreating vs, daunſing and feaſting vs with ſtrawberries, Mulberies, Bread, Fiſh, and other their Countrie prouiſions wherof we had plenty: for which Captaine Newport kindely requited thei • leaſt fauours with Bels Pinnes, Needles, beades or Glaſſes, which ſo contented them that his liberallitie made them follow vs from place to place, and euer kindely to reſpect vs. In the midway ſtaying to refreſh our ſelues in a little Ile foure or fiue ſauages came vnto vs which deſcribed vnto vs the courſe of the Riuer, and after in our iourney, they often met vs, trading with vs for ſuch prouiſion as wee had, and ariuing at Ar • atecke, hee whom we ſuppoſed to bee the chiefe King of all the reſt, moſte kindely entertained vs, giuing vs in a guide to go with vs vp the Riuer to Powhatan, of which place their great Emperor taketh his name, where he that they honored for King vſed vs kindely. But to finiſh this diſcouerie, we paſſed on further, where within an ile we were interrepted with great craggy ſtones yt in midſt of the riuer, where the water falleth ſo rudely, and with ſuch a violence, as not any boat can poſſibly paſſe, and ſo broad diſperſeth the ſtreame, as there is not paſt flue or ſire Foote at a low water, and to the ſhore ſcarce paſſage with a barge, the water floweth foure foote, and the freſhes by reaſon of the Rockes haue left markes of the inundations 8. or 9. foote: The ſooth ſide is plaine low ground, and the north ſide high mountaines, the rockes being of a grauelly nature, interlace • with many vains of gliſtring ſpangles That night we returned to Powhatan: the next day (being Whitſunday after dinner) we returned to the fals, leauing a mariner in pawn with the Indians for a guide of theirs, hee that they honoured for King followed vs by the riuer. That afternoone we trifled in looking vpon the Rockes and riuer (further he would not goe) ſo there we erected acroſſe, and that night taking our man at Powhatans, Cap. Newport congratulated his kindenes with a Gown and a Hatchet: returning to Arſetecke, and ſtayed there the next day to obſerue the height therof, & ſo with many ſlgnes of loue we departed. The next day the Queene of Agamatack kindely intreated vs, her people being no leſſe contented then the reſt, and from thence we went to another place, (the name whereof I doe not remember) where the people ſhewed vs the manner of their diuing for Muſſels, in which they finde Pearles.

That night paſſing by Weanock ſome twentie miles from our Fort, they according to their former churliſh condition, ſeemed little to affect vs, but as wee departed and lodged at the point of Weanocke, the people the next morning ſeemed kindely to content vs, yet we might perceiue many ſignes of a more Iealouſie in them then before, and alſo the Hinde that the King of Arſeteck had giuen vs, altered his reſolution in going to our Fort, and with many kinde circumſtances left vs there. This gaue vs ſome occaſion to doubt ſome miſchiefe at the Fort, yet Capt. Newport intended to haue viſited Paſpahegh and Tappahanocke, but the inſtant change of the winde being faire for our return, we repaired to the fort withall ſpeed, where the firſt we heard was that 400. Indians the day before had aſſalted the fort, & ſuppriſed it, had not God (beyond al their expectations) by meanes of the ſhippes at whom they ſhot with their Ordinances & Muskets, cauſed them to retire, they had entred the fort with our own men, which were then buſied in ſetting Corne, their armes beeing then in drieſats & few ready but certain Gentlemē of their own, in which conflict, moſt of the Counſel was hurt, a boy ſlaine in the Pinnas, and thirteene or fourteene more hurt Withall ſpeede we palliſadeed our Fort: (each other day) for ſixe or ſeauen daies we had alarums by ambuſcadoes, and foure or fiue cruelly wounded by being abroad: the Indians loſſe wee know not, but as they report three were ſlain and diuers hurt.

Captaine Newport hauing ſet things in order, ſet ſaile for England the 22 of June, leauing prouiſion for 13. or 14 weeks. The day before the Ships departure, the King of Pamaun • e ſent the Indian that had met vs before in our diſcouerie, to aſſure vs peace, our fort being then paliſadoed round, and all our men in good health and comfort, albeit, that throgh ſome diſcentented humors, it did not ſo long continue, for the Preſident and Captaine Goſnold, with the reſt of the Counſell, being for the moſte part diſcontented with one another in ſo much, that things were neither carried with that diſcretion nor any buſines effected in ſuch good ſort as wiſdome would, nor our owne good and ſafetie required thereby, and through the hard dealing of our Preſident, the reſt of the counſell beeing diuerſlie affected through his audarious commaund, and for Captaine Martin, (albeit verie honeſt) and wiſhing the beſt good, yet ſo ſicke and weake, and my ſelfe ſo diſgrac'd through others mallice, through which diſorder God (being angrie with vs) plagued vs with ſuch famin and ſicknes, that the liuing were ſcarce able ſo bury the dead: our want of ſufficient and good victualls, with continuall watching, foure or fiue each night at three Bulwarkes, being the chiefe cauſe: onely of Sturgion wee had great ſtore, whereon our men would ſo greedily ſurfet, as it coſt manye their liues: the Sack, Aquauitie, and other preſeruatiues for our health, being kept onely in the Preſidents hands, for his owne diet, and his few aſſociates: ſhortly after Captaine Goſnold fell ſicke, and within thrée wéekes died, Captaine Ratcliffe being then alſo verie ſicke and weake, and my ſelfe hauing alſo taſted of the extremitie therof, but by Gods aſſiſtāce being well recouered. Kendall about this time, for diuers reaſons depoſed from being of the Councell: and ſhortly after it pleaſed God (in our extremity) to moue the Indians to bring vs Corne, ere it was halfe ripe, to refreſh vs, when we rather expected when they would deſtroy vs: about the tenth of September there was about 46. of our men dead, at which time Captaine Wingefield hauing ordred the affaires in ſuch ſort that he was generally hated of all, in which reſpect with one conſent he was depoſed from his preſidencie, and Captaine Ratcliffe according to his courſe was elected.

Our prouiſion being now within twentie dayes ſpent, the Indians brought vs great ſtore both of Corne and bread ready made: and alſo there came ſuch aboundance of Fowles into the Riuers as greatly refreſhed our weake eſtates, wherevppon many of our weake men were preſently able to goe abroad. As yet we had no houſes to couer vs, our Tents were rotten, and our Cabbins worſe then nought: our beſt commoditie was Yron which we made into little chiſſels, the preſident, and Captaine Martins ſicknes, conſtrayned me to be Cape Marchant, and yet to ſpare no paines in making houſes for the company, who notwithſtanding our miſery, little ceaſed their mallice, grudging and mattering. As at this time were moſt of our chiefeſt men either ſicke or diſcontented, the reſt being in ſuch diſpaire, as they would rather ſtarue and rot with idlenes, then be perſwaded to do any thing for their owne reliefe without conſtraint: our victualles being now within eighteene dayes ſpent, and the Indians trade decreaſing, I was ſent to the mouth of y• riuer, to Kegquouhtan an Indian Towne, to trade for Corne, and try the riuer for Fiſh, but our fiſhing we could not effect by reaſon of the ſtormy weather. The Indians thinking vs neare famiſhed, with careleſſe kindnes, offred vs little pieces of bread, & ſmall handfulls of beanes or wheat, for a hatchet or a piece of copper: In the like maner I entertained their kindnes, and in like ſcorne offered them like commodities, but the Children, or any that ſhewed extraordinary kindenes, I liberally contented with free gifte, ſuch trifles as wel cōtented them▪ finding this co •• e comfort, I anchored before the Towne, and the next day returned to trade, but God (the abſolute diſpoſer of all heartes) altered their conceits, for now they were no leſſe deſirous of cut commodities then we of their Corne: vnder colour to fetch freſh water, I ſent a man to diſcouer the Towne, their Corne, and force, to trie their intent, in that they deſired me vp to their houſes: which well vnderſtanding, with foure ſhot I viſited them, with fiſh, oyſters, bread and déere, they kindly trades with me and my men, beeing no leſſe in doubt of my intent, then I of theirs, for well I might with twentie men haue fraighted a Shippe with Corne: The Towne conteineth eighteene houſes, pleaſantly ſeated vpon three acres of ground, vppon a plaine, halfe inuironed with a great Bay of the great Riuer, the other parte with a Baye of the other Riuer falling into the great Baye, with a little Ile fit for a Caſtle in the mouth thereof, the Towne adioyning to the mains by a necke of Land of ſixtie yardes. With ſixteene buſhells of Corne I returned towards our Forte: by the way I encountred with two Canowes of Indians, who came ab • ord me, being the inhabitants of waroſkoyack, a kingdome on the ſouth ſide of the riuer, which is in breadth 5. miles and 20 mile or neare from the mouth: with theſe I traded, who hauing but their hunting prouiſion, requeſted me to returne to their Towne, where I ſhould load my boat with corne, & with near thirtie buſhells I returned to the fort, the very name wherof gaue great comfort to our deſparing company: time thus paſſing away, & hauing not aboue 14. daies vituals left, ſome motiōs were made about our preſidents & Capt. Archeri going for England, to procure a ſupply, in which meane time we had reaſonablly fitted vs with houſes, and our Preſident & Capt. Martin being able to walk abroad, with much ado do it was concluded, that the pinnace and barge ſhould goe towards Powhatan, to trade for corne: Letts were caſt who ſhould go in her, the chance was mine, & while ſhe was arigging. I made a voiage to Topohanack, where ariuing, there was but certain women & children who fled from their houſes, yet at laſt I drew them to draw néere, truck they durſt not, corne they had plenty, & to ſpoile I had no cōmiſſion: In my reſume to Paſpahegh, I traded with that churliſh & trecherous nation: hauing loaded 10 or 12 buſhels of corne, they offred to take our pieces and ſwords, yet by ſtelth, but ſéeming to diſlike it, they were ready to aſſault vs, yet ſtāding vpon our guard in coaſting the ſhore, diuers out of the woods would meet with vs with corn & trade, but leaſt we ſhould be conſtrained, either to indure ouermuch wrong or directly fal to reuenge, ſéeing them dog vs, from place to place, it being night, & our neceſſitie not fit for warres, we tooke occaſion to returne with 10 buſhells of corne: Cap. Martin after made 2 iournies to that nation of Paſpahegh but eache tune returned with 8. or 10. buſhells. All things being now ready for my iourney to Powhatan, for the performance thereof, I had 8. men and my ſelfe for the barge, as well for diſcouerie, as trading, the Pinnace, 5. Marriners, & 2. landmen to take in out ladings at conuenient places. The 9 of Nouember I ſet forward for the diſcouery of the country of Chikhamania, leauing the pinnace the next tide to followe and ſtay for my comming at Point weanock, 20 miles from our fort: the mouth of this riuer falleth into the great riuer at Paſpahegh, 8 miles aboue our fort: that afternoone I ſtayed the eb, in the bay of Paſpahegh with the Indiās: towards the euening certaine Indians haled me, one of them being of Chikahamania, offred to cōduct me to his country, the Paſpabegheans grudged therat: along we went by moonelight, at midnight he brought vs before his Towne, deſiring one of our men to go vp with him, whom he kindely intertained, and returned back to the barge: the next morning I went vp to the towne, and ſhewed them what copper and hatchets they ſhold haue for corne, each family ſeeking to giue me moſt content: ſo long they cauſed me to ſtay yt 100 at leaſt was expecting my comming by the riuer with corne, what I liked I bought, and leaſt they ſhould perceiue my too great want I went higher vp the riuer: this place is called Manoſquoſick a quarter of a mile from the riuer, conteining thirtie or fortie houſes, vppon an exceeding high land: at the foote of the hill towards the riuer, is a plaine wood, watered with many ſpringes, which fall twentie yardes right downe into the riuer: right againſt yt ſame is a great marſh, of 4. or 5. miles circuit, deuided in 2 Ilands, by the parting of the riuer, abounding with fiſh & fouls all ſorts a mile from thence is a Towne called Oraniocke, I further diſcouered the Townes of M • nſa, Apahaock, Werawahone, & Mamanahūt at eche place kindely vſed, eſpecially at the laſt, being the hart of the Country, where were aſſembled 200. people with ſuch aboū dāce of corne, as hauing laded our barge, as alſo I might haue laded a ſhip: I returned to Paſpahhegh, & conſidering yt want of Corne at our Fort, it being night, with yt ebb, by midnight I ariued at our fort, where I found our Pinnis run aground: the next morning I vnladed ſeauē hogſheds into our ſtore, the next morning I returned againe: the ſecond day I ariued at Mamanahūt, wher y• people hauing heard of my cōming, were ready with 3 or 400. baskets litle & great, of which hauing laded my barge, with many ſignes of great kindnes I returned: at my departure they requeſted me to hear our pieces, being in the midſt of the riuer, which in regard of y• eccho ſéemed a peale of ordnance, many birds and fowles they ſee vs dayly kil that much feared them, ſo deſirous of trade wer they, yt they would follow me with their canowes, & for any thing giue it me, rather then returne it back: ſo I vnladed again 7 or 8. hogſheads at our fort. Hauing thus by Gods aſſiſtance gotten good ſtore of corne, notwithſtanding ſome bad ſpirrits not content with Gods prouidence, ſtill grew ••• tinous, in ſo much, that our preſident hauing ocaſion to chide the ſ • ith for his miſdeamenor, he not only gaue him bad language, but alſo offred to ſtrike him with ſome of his tooles, for which rebellious act, the smith was by a Jury condemned to be hanged, but being vppon the ladder continuing verry obſtinate, as hoping vpon a reſcue: when he ſaw no other way but death with him, he became penitent, & declared a dangerous conſpiracy, for which Captains Kendall as principal, was by a Jury condē • ed & ſhot to death. This conſpiracy appeaſed, I ſet forward for the diſcouery of the Riuer of Checka Hamania: this third time I diſcouered y• Townes of Matapamient, Morinogh, Aſcacap, moyſenock Righkahauck, Nechanichock, Mattalūt, Attamuſpincke, & diuers others, their plenty of corne I found decreaſed, yet lading the barge, I returned to our fort: our ſtore being now indifferently wel prouided with corne, there was much adoe for to haue the pinace goe for England, againſt which Captain Martin & my ſelfe, ſtanding chiefly againſt it, and in fine after many debatings, pro & contra, it was reolued to ſtay a • urther reſolutiō: this matter alſo quieted, I ſet forward to finiſh this diſcouery, which as yet I had neglected in regard of y• neceſſitie we had to take in prouiſion whilſt it was to be had: 4 • . miles I paſſed vp yt riuer, which for the moſt part is a quarter of a mile broad, & 3. fatham & a half deep, exceeding vſey, many great low marſhes, & many high lāds, eſpecially about yt midſt at a place called Moyſonicke, a Peninſule of 4. miles cicuit, betwixt two riuers ioyned to the main, by a neck of 40. or 50. yards, and 40. or 50 yards from the high water marke: on both ſides in the very necke of the maine, are high hills and dales, yet much inhabited, the Ile declining in a plaine fertile corn • field, the lower end a low marſh, more plentie of ſwannes, cranes, geeſe, duckes, and mallards, & diuers ſorts of fowles none would deſire: more plaine fertile planted ground, in ſuch great proportions as there I had not ſeene, of a light blacke ſandy mould, the cliffes commonly red, white and yellowe coloured ſand, & vnder red & white clay, fiſh great plenty, & people aboundance, the moſt of their inhabitants, in view of yt neck of Land, where a better ſeat for a towne cannot be deſired: at the end of forty miles this riuer inuironeth many low Ilands, at each high water drowned for a mile, where it vniteth it ſelfe, at a place called. Apokant the higheſt Towns inhabited. 10. miles higher I diſcouered with the barge; in the mid way, a great tree hindred my paſſage which I cut in two: heere the riuer became narrower, 8. 9 or 10. foote at a high water, and 6. or 7. at a lowe: the ſtreame exceeding ſwift, & the bottom hard channell, the ground moſt part of a low plaine, ſandy ſoyle, this occaſioned me to ſuppoſe it might iſſue from ſome lake or ſome broad ford, for it could not be far the head, but rather then I would endanger the barge, yet to haue beene able to reſolue this doubt, & to diſcharge the imputation of malicious tungs, that halfe ſuſpected I durſt not for ſo long delaying, ſome of the company as deſirous as my ſelf, we reſolued to bier a Canow, and returne with the barge to Apocant, there to leaue the barge ſecute, and put our ſelues vppon the aduenturs: the country onely a vaſt and wilde wildernes, and but onely that Towne: within three or foure mile we hired a Canow, and 2. Indians to row vs yt next day a fowling: hauing made ſuch prouiſion for the barge as was needfull, I lett her there to ride, with expreſſe th • rge not any to go aſhore til my returne. Though ſome wiſe men may condemn this too bould attempt of too much indiſcretion, yet if they well cōſider the friendſhip of the Indians, inconducting me, the deſolatenes of the country, the propabilitie of ſome lacke, & the malicious iudges of my actions at home • as alſo to ha • e ſome matters of worth to incourage our aduenturers in england, might well haue cauſed any honeſt 〈◊〉 to haue done the like, as wel for his own diſcharge as for the publike g • d: hauing 2 Indians for my guide & 2 of our own company, I ſet forward, leauing 7 in the bargs: hauing diſco • ered 20 miles further in this deſart, the riuer ſtil kept his depth and bredth, but much more combred with trées: here we went aſhore (being ſome 12 miles higher then yt barge had bene) to refreſh our ſelues, during the boyling of our vituals: one of the Indians I to • ke with me, to ſée the nature of the ſoile, & to croſſe the bought • of the riuer, the other Indian I leſt with M. Robbinſon and Thomas Emry, with their matches light and order to diſcharge a peace, for my retreat at the firſt ſight of any Indian, but within a quarter of an houre I heard a leud cry, and hollowing of Indians, but no warning peece, ſuppoſing them ſurpriſed, and that the Indians had betraid vs, preſently I ſeazed him & bound his arme faſt to my hand in a garter, with my piſtoll ready bent to be reuenged on him: he aduiſed me to fly, and ſeemed dignorant of what was done, but as we went diſcourſing, I was ſtruck with an arrow an the right thigh, but without harme: vpon this occaſion I eſpied 2 Indians drawing their bowes, which I preuented in diſcharging a french piſtoll: by that I had charged againe 3 or 4 more did the like, for the firſt fell downe and fled: at my diſcharge they did the like, my hinde I made my barricado who offeced not to ſtriue, 20. or 30. arrowes were ſhot at me but ſhort, 3 or 4 times I had diſcharged my piſtoll • re the king of Pamaūck called Opeckākenough with 200 men, inuironed • e, eache drawing their bowe, which d •• e they laid them vpon the ground, yet without ſhot, my hinde treated betwixt them and me of conditions of peace, he diſcouered me to be the Captaine, my requeſt was to retire to yt boate, they demaunded my armes, the reſt they ſaide were ſlaine, onely me they would reſerue: the Indian importuned me not to that. In retiring being in the midst of alow quagmire, and minding them more then my ſteps, I ſlept faſt into the quagmire, and alſo the Indian in drawing me forth: thus ſurpriſed, I reſolued to trie their mercies, my armes I caſts from me, till which none durſt approch me: being ceazed on me, they drew me out and led me to the King, I preſented him with a compaſſe diall, deſcribing by my beſt 〈◊〉 the vſe therof, whereat he ſo amazedly admired, as he ſuffered me to proceed in a diſcourſe of the roundnes of the earth, the courſe of the sunne, moone, ſtarres and plannets, with kinde ſpeeches and bread he requited me, conducting me where the Canow lay and Iohn Robbinſon ſlaine, with 20 or 30. arrowes in him. Emry I ſaw not, I perceiued by the aboundance of fires all ouer the woods, at each place I expected when they would execute me, yet they vſed me with what kindnes they could: approaching their Towne, which was within 6 miles where I was taken, onely made as arbors and couered with mats, which they remoue as occaſion requires: all the women and children, being aduertiſed of this accident, came foorth to meet them, the King well guarded with 20 bowmen 5 flanck and rear, and each flanck before him aſword & a péece, and after him the like, then a bowman, then I on each hand a boweman, the reſt in file in the reare, which reare led foorth amongſt the trees in a viſhion, eache his bowe and a handfull of arrowes, a quiner at his back gumly paintes: on eache fl • nck a ſargeant, the one running alwaies towarde the front the other towards the reare, each a true pace and in excéeding good order, this being a good time continued, they 〈◊〉 themſelues in a ring with a daunce, and 〈◊〉 eache man departed to his lodging, the Captain conducting me to his lodging a quarter of Veniſon and ſome ten pound of bread I had for ſupper, what I left was reſerued for me, and ſent with me to my l • dging: each morning 3. women 〈◊〉 me three great platters of fine bread, more veniſon then ten men could deuour I had, my gowne, points and garters, my compas and a tablet they gaue me again, though 8 ordinarily guarded me, I wanted not what they could deuiſe to content me: and ſtill our longer acquaintance increaſed our • etter affection: much they threatned to aſſault our forts, as they were ſolicited by the King of Paſpahegh, who ſhewed at our fort great ſignes of ſorrow for this miſchance: the King too he great delight in vnderſtanding the manner of our ſhips and ſayling the ſeas, the earth & skies and of our God: what he knew of the dominious he ſpared not to acquaint me with, as of certaine men cloathed at a place called Ocanahonan, cloathed like me, the courſe of our riuer, and that within 4 or 5 daies iourney of the falles, was a great turning of ſalt water: I deſired he would ſend a meſſenger to Paſpahegh, with a letter I would write, by which they ſhold vnderſtand, how kindly they vſed me, and that I was well leaſt they ſhould reuenge my death: this he granted and ſent three men, in ſuch weather, as in reaſon were vnpoſſible, by any naked to be indured: their cruell mindes towards the fort I had deuerted, in deſcribing the ordinance & the mines in the fields, as alſo the reuenge Captain Newport would take of them at his returne, their intent, I incerted the fort, the people of Ocanahonum and the back ſea, this report they after found diuers Indians that c • nfirmed the next day after my letter, came a ſaluage to my lodging, with his ſword to haue ſlaine me, but being by my guard intercepted, with abowe and arrow he offred to haue effected his purpoſe: the cauſe I knew not, till the King vnderſtanding thereof came and told me of a man a dying, wounded with my piſtoll: he tould me alſo of another I had ſlayne, yet the moſt concealed they had any hurte: this was the father of him I had ſlayne, whoſe fury to pre • ent, the King preſently conducted me to another Kingdome, vpon the top of the next northerly riuer, called Youghtanan, hauing feaſted me, he further led me to another branch of the riuer, called Mattapament, to ſwo other hunting townes they led me, and to each of theſe Countries, a houſe of the great Emperour of Pewhakan, whom as yet I ſuppoſed to bee at the Fals, to him I tolde him I muſt goe, and to returne to Paſpahegh, after this foure or fiue dayes marſh, we returned to Raſawrack, the firſt towne they brought me too, where binding the Mats in bundels, they marched two dayes iourney, and croſſed the Riuer of Youghtanan, where it was as broad as Thames: ſo conducting me to a place called Menapacute in Pamaunke, where ye King inhabited: the next day another King of that nation called Kekataugh, hauing receiued ſome kindnes of me at the Fort, kindly inuited me to feaſt at his houſe, the people from all places flocked to ſée me, each ſhewing to content me. By this the great King hath foure or fiue houſes, each containing foureſcore or an hundred foote in length, pleaſantly ſeated vpon an high ſandy hill, from whence you may ſée weſterly a goodly low Country, the riuer before the which his crooked courſe cauſeth many great Marſhes of excéeding good ground. An hundred houſes, and many large plaines are here togither inhabited more abundance of fiſhe fowle, and a pleaſanter ſeat cannot be imagined: the King with fortie Bowmen to guard me, intreated me to diſcharge my Piſtoll, which they there preſented me with a mark at ſix ſcore to ſtrike therwith but to ſpoil the pr • ctiſe I broke the cocke, whereat they were much diſcontented though a chaunce ſuppoſed.

From hence this kind King conducted mee to a place called Topahanocke, a kingdome vpon another Riuer northward: the cauſe of this was, that the yeare before, a ſhippe had béene in the Riuer of Pamaunke, who hauing beene kindly entertained by Powhatan their Emperour, they returned thence, and diſcouered the Riuer of Topahanocke, where being receiued with like kindneſſe, yet he ſlue the King, and looks of his people, and they ſuppoſed I were hee, but the people reported him a great man that was Captaine, and vſing mee kindly, the next day we departed.

This Riuer of Topahanock, ſéemeth in breadth not much leſſe then that we dwell vpon. 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 of the Riuer is a Countrey called Cuttata women vpwards is Ma • rough tacum Tapohanock, Appamatuck, and Nantengs • acum; at Topmanahocks, the head iſſuing from many Mountaines, the next night I lodged at a hunting town of Powha • ams, and the next day arriued at Waran • comoco vpon the riuer of Pama • ncke, where the great king is reſident: by the way we paſſed by the top of another little riuer, which is betwixt the two called Payankatank. The moſt of this Countrey though Deſert, yet excéeding fertil, good timber, moſt hils and dales, in each valley a criſtall ſpring.

Arrioing at Weramocomoco their Emperour, proudly lying vppon a Bedſtead a foote high vpon ſeune or twelue Mattes, richly hung with manie Chaynes of great Pearles about his necke, and couered with a great Coucring of Rahaughcums: At heade ſat a woman, at his feete another, on each ſide ſitting vppon a Matte vppon the ground were raunged his chiefe men on each ſide the fire, tenne in a ranke, and behinde them as many yong women, each a great Chaine of white Beades ouer their ſhoulders: their heades painted in ridde and with ſuch a graue and Maieſticall countenance, as draue me into admiration to ſée ſuch ſtate in a naked Saluage, hee kindly welcomed me with good wordes, and great Platters of ſondrie V • ctuals, aſſuring mee his friendſhip, and my libertie within foure dayes, hee much delighted in Opechan Comoughs relation of what I ha • deſcribed to him, and oft examined me vpon the ſame. Hee aſked mee the cauſe of our comming, I tolde him being in fight with the Spaniards our enemie, beeing ouer powred neare put to retreat, and by extreame weather put to this ſhore, where landing at Cheſipiack, the people ſhal vs, but at Ke • u • ughtan they kindly vſed vs, we by ſignes demaunded freſh water, they deſcribed vs vp the Riuer was all freſh water, at P • ſpahegh, alſo they kindly vſed vs, one Pinnſſe being leake wee were inforced to ſtay to mend her, till Captaine Newport my father came to conduct vs away. He demaunded why we went further with our Boa • e, I tolde him, in that I would haue occaſion to talke of the backe Sea, that on the other ſide the maine, where was ſalt water, my father had a childe flaine, whiche wée ſuppoſed M • nocan his enemie, whoſe death we intended to reuenge.

After good deliberation, hée began to deſcribe mee the Countreys beyonde the Falles, with many of the reſt, confirming what not onely Opechancanoyes, and an Indian which had beene proſoner to Pewhatan had before tolde mee, but ſome called it fiue dayes, ſome ſixe, ſome eight, where the ſayde water daſhed amongeſt many ſtones and rockes, each ſtorme which cauſed off tymes the heade of the Riuer to bee brackiſh: Anchanachuck he deſcribed to bee the people that had ſlaine my brother, whoſe death hée would reuenge. Hée deſcribed alſo vpon the ſame Sea, a mighty Nation called Pocoughtronack, a fierce Nation that did eate men, and warred with the people of Moyaoncer, and Pataromerke, Nations vpon the toppe or the heade of the Bay, vnder his territories, where the yeare before they had ſlein an hundred, he ſignified their crownes were ſhauen, long haire in the necke, tied on a knot, Swords like Polla • es.

Beyond them he deſcribed people with ſhort Coates, and Sléeues to the Elbowes, that paſſed that way in Shippes like ours. Many Kingdomes hée deſcribed mée to the heade of the Bay, which ſéemed to bée a mightie Riuer, iſſuing from mightie Mountaines betwixt the two Seas, the people cloathed at Ocamahowan. He alſo confirmed, and the Southerly Countries alſo, as the reſt, that reported vs to be within a day & a halfe of Mangoge, two dayes of Chawwonock, 6. frō Roo • ock, to the ſouth part of the backe ſea: he deſcribed a countrie called Anone, where they haue abundance of Braſſe, and houſes walled as outs. I required his diſcourſe, ſeeing what pride hée had in his great and ſpacious Dominions, ſeeing that all hee knewe were vnder his Territories.

In deſcribing to him the territorles of Europe, which was ſubiect to our great King whoſe ſubiect I was, the innumerable multitude of his ſhips, I gaue him to vnderſtand the noyſe of Trumpets, and terrible manner of fighting were vnder captain Newport my father, whom I intituled the Meworames which they call King of all the waters, at his greatneſſe hee admired, and not a little feared: hee deſired mee to forſake Paſpaliegh, and to liue with him vpon his Riuer, a Countrie called Capa Howaſicke: hée promiſed to giue me Corne, Veniſon, or what I wanted to feede vs, Hatchets and Copper wee ſhould make him, and none ſhould diſturbe vs. This requeſt I promiſed to performe: and thus hauing with all the kindnes hee could deuiſe, ſought to content me: hee ſent me home with 4. men, one that vſually carried my Gowne and Knapſacke after me, two other loded with bread, and one to accompanie me.

This Riuer of Pamaunke is not paſt twelue mile from that we dwell on, his courſe northweſt, and weſterly, as the other. Weraocomoco, is vpon ſalt water, in bredth two myles, and to keepeth his courſe without any tarrying ſome twenty miles, where at the parting of the freſh water and the ſalt, if diuideth it ſelfe into two partes, the one part to Goughland, as broad as Thames, and • auigable, with a Boats threeſcore or foure ſcore miles, and with a Shippe 〈◊〉 , excéeding crooked, and manie low grounds and mariſhes, but inhabited with aboundance of warlike and tall people. The Countrey of Youghtomam, of no leſſe worth, onely it is lower, but all the ſoyle, a fatte, fertill, ſandie ground. Aboue Manapacumter, many high ſandie Mountaines. By the Riuer is many Rockes, ſeeming if not of ſeuerall Mines: The other branch a little leſſe in breadth, yet extendeth not neare ſo farre, nor ſo well inbabited, ſomewhat lower, and a white ſandle, and a white clay ſoyle: here is their beſt Terra Sigillata: The month of the Riuer, as I ſee in the diſcouerie therof with captain Newport, is halfe a wile broad, & within foure miles not aboue a Muſket ſhot: the channell excéeding good and dée • s, the Riuer ſtraight to the 〈◊〉 . Kiskirk the neareſt Nation to the entrances.

Their religion and Ceremonie I obſerued was thus: thrée or foure dayes after my taking ſeuen of them in the houſe where I lay, each with a rattle began at ten a clocke in the morning to ſing about the fire, which they inuironed with a Circle of meale, and after a foote or two from that, at the end of each ſong, layde downe two or thrée graines of wheate, continuing this order till they haue included ſixe or ſeuen hundred in a halfe Circle, and after that two or thrée more Circles in like maner, a hand bredth from other: that done, at each ſong, they put betwixt euerie three, two or fiue graines, a little ſlicke, ſo counting as an old woman her Pater noſter.

One diſguiſed with a great Skinne, his bead • ung round with little Skinnes of Weaſels, and other vermine, with a Crownel of feathers on his head, painted as vgly as the diuell, at the end of each ſong will make many ſignes and demonſtrations, with ſtrange and vehement actions, great cakes of Déere ſuet, Deare, and Tobacco he caſteth in the fire, till ſixe a clocke in the Euening, their howling would continue ere they would depart. Each morning in the coldeſt froſt, the principall to the number of twentie or thirtie, aſſembled themſelues in a round circle, a good diſtance from the towne, where they told me they there conſulted where to hunt the next day: ſo fat they fed nice, that I much doubted they intended to haue ſacrificed mee to the Quiyoughquoſicke, which is a ſuperiour power they worſhip, a more vglier thing cannot be deſcribed: one they haue for chief ſacrifices, which alſo they call Quiyoughquoſick: to cure the ſick, a man with a Rattle, and extreame howling, ſhowting, singing, and ſuch violent geſtures, and Anticke actions ouer the patient will ſucke out blood and flegme from the patient out of their vnable ſtomacke, or any diſeaſed place, as no labour will more tire them, Tobacco they offer the water in paſſing in fowle weather. The death of any they lament with great ſorrow and weeping: their Kings they burie betwixt two mattes within their houſes, with all his beads, tewels, hatchets, and copper: the other in graues like ours. They acknowledge no reſurrection. Powhatan hath thrée brethren, and two ſiſters, each of his bretheren ſuccéeded other.

For the Crowne, their heyres inverite not, but the firſt heyres of the Siſters, and ſo ſucceſſiuely the weomens heires: For the Kings haue as many weomen as they will, his Subiects two, and moſt but one.

From Weramocomoco is but 12. miles, yet the Indians trifled away that day, and would not goe to our Forte by any perſwaſions: but to certaine olde hunting houſes of Paſpahegh we lodged all night. The next morning ere Sunne riſe, we ſet forward for our Fort, where we arriued within an houre, where each man with the trueſt signes of ioy they could expreſſe welcommed mee, except M. Archer, and ſome 2. or 3. of his, who was then in my abſence, ſworne Counſellour, though not with the conſent of Captaine Martin: great blame and imputation was laide vpon mée by them, for the loſſe of our two men which the Indians ſlew: inſo much that they purpoſed to depoſe me, but in the midſt of my miſeries, it pleaſed God to ſend Captaine Nuport, who arriuing there the ſame night, ſo tripled our ioy, as for a while theſe plots againſt me were deferred though with much malies againſt me, which captain Newport in ſhort time did plainly ſee. Now was maiſter Scriuener, captaine Martin, and my ſelfe, called Counſ • llers.

Within fiue or ſixe dayes after the arriuall of the Ship, by a miſchaunce our Fort was burned and the moſt of our apparell, lodging and priuate prouiſion, many of our old men diſeaſed, and of our new for want of lodging periſhed. The Empercur Powhatan each wéeke once or twice ſent me many presents of Deare, bread Raugroughcuns, halfe alwayes for my father, whom he much deſired to ſée, and halfe for me: and ſo continually importuned by meſſengers and preſents, that I would come to fetch the corne, and take the Countrie their King had giuen me, as at laſt Captaine Newport reſolued to go ſee him. Such acquaintance I had amongſt the Indians, • and ſuch confidence they had in me, as neare the Fort they would not come till I came to them, euery of them calling me by my name, would not ſell any thing till I had firſt receiued their preſents, and what they had that I liked, they deferred ſo my diſcreſion: but after acquaintance, they vſually came into the Fort at their pleasure: The Preſident, and the reſt of the Councell, they kenew not, but Captaine Newports greatneſſe I had ſo deſcribed, as they conceyued him the chiefe, the reſt his children, Officers, and ſeruants. We had agreed with yt king of Paſpahegh to conduct two of our men to a place called Panawicke beyond R • onok, where he reported many men to be apparelled. Wee lended him at Warraskoyack, where playing the villaine, and deluding vs for rewards, returned within thrée or foure dayes after without going further. Captaine Newport, maiſter Scrinener, and my ſelfe, found the mouth of Pamauncks riuer, ſome 25. or 30. miles northward from Cape Henricke, the chanell good as before expreſſed.

Arriuing at Weramocomoca, being iealous of the intent of this politick ſaluage, to diſcouer his intent the better, I with 20. ſhot armed in Jacks went a ſhore, the Bay where he dwelleth hath in it 3. cricks, and a • ile and a halfe from the chanel all eſt, being conducter to the towne, I found my ſelfe miſtaken in the cr • eke, for they al there were within leſſe then a mile, the Emperors ſonne called Naukaquawis, the captaine that looke me, and diuerſe others of his chiefe men conducted me to their kings habitation, but in the mid way I was intercepted by a great créek ouer which they had made a bridge of grained ſtakes & ratles, the king of Kiskieck, and Namontack, who all the iourney the king had ſent to guide vs, had conducted vs this paſſage, which cauſed me to ſuſpect ſome miſchiefe: the barge I had ſent to méet me at the right lanting, when I found my ſelfe firſt deceyued, and knowing by experience the moſt of their courages to procéede from others feare, though fewe lyked the paſſage, I intermingled the Kings ſonne, our conductors, and his chiefe men amongſt ours, and led forward, leauing halfe at the one ende to make a guard for the paſſage of the Front. The Indians ſeeing the weakeneſſe of the Bridge, came with a Canow, and tooke me in of the middeſt with foure or flue more, bring landed wee made a guard for the reſt till all were paſſed, two in a ranke we marched to the Emperors houſe. Before his houſe ſtood fortie or fiftie great Platters of fine bread, being entred the houſe, with loude tunes they all made ſignes of great ioy. This proude ſaluags, hauing his fineſt women, and the principall of his chiefe men aſſemble • , ſate in rankes as before is expreſſed, himſelfe as vpon a Throne at the vpper ende of the houſe, with ſuch a Maieſtie as I cannot expreſſe, nor yet haue often ſeene, either in Pagan or Chriſtian, with a kinde countenance hee has •• ce welcome, and cauſed a place to bee made by himſelfe to ſit, I preſented him a ſute of red cloath, a white Greyhound, and a Hatte, as Jewels he eſtéemed them, and with a great Oration made by thrée of his Nobles, if there be any amongſt Saluages, kindly accepted them, with a publike confirmation of a perpetuall league and friendſhip.

After that, he commaunded the Quéen • of Apamatuc, a comely yong Saluage, to giue • water • water, a Turkie-cocke, and breade to eate: being thus feaſted, hee began his diſcourse to this purpoſe. Your kinde viſitation doth much content mee, but where is your father whom I much deſire to ſee, is he not with you. I told him he remained aboord, but the next day he would come vnto him, with a merrie coūtenance he aſked me for certaine péeces I which promiſed him, when I went to Paſpahegh, I told according to my promiſe, that I proffered the man that went with me foure 〈◊〉 Coluerings, in that he ſo deſired a great Gunne, but they re •• ſed to take them, whereat with alowde laughter, he deſired to giue him ſome of leſſe burthen, as for the other I gaue him them, being ſure that none could carrie them: but where are theſe men you promiſed to come with you, I told him without, who thervpon gaue order to hau • them brought in, two after two, euer mainteining the guard without. And as they preſented themſelues euer with thankes, he would ſainte me, and cauſed each of them to haue foure or fiue pound of bread giuen them. This done, I aſked him for the corne and ground he promiſed me He told me I ſhould haue it, but he expected to haue all theſe men lay their armes at his féet, as did his ſubiects. I tolde him that was a ceremonie our enemies deſired, but neuer our Friends, as we preſented our ſelues vnto him, yet that he ſhould 〈◊〉 doubt of our friendſhip: the next day my Father would giue him a child of • is, in full aſſurance of our loues, and not only that, but when he ſhould thinke it conuenient, wée would deliuer vnder his ſubiection the Country of Manacam and Pocough • aonack his enemies.

This ſo contented him, as immediatly with attentiue ſilence, with a lowd oration he proclaimed me Awerowanes of Powhaton, and that all his ſubiects ſhould so eſtéeme vs, and no man account vs ſtrangers nor Paſpaheghans, but Powhatans, and that the Corne, weomen and Country, ſhould be to vs as to his owne people: this proffered kindnes for many reaſons we contemned not, but with the beſt Languages and ſignes of thankes I could expreſſe, I tooke my leaue.

The King riſing from his ſeat, conducted me foorth, and cauſed each of my men to haue as much more bread as hée could beare: giuing me ſome in a baſket, & as much he ſent a board for a preſent to my Father: victuals you muſt know is all there wealth, and the greateſt kindnes they could ſhew vs: arriuing at the Riuer, the Barge was fallen ſo low with the ebbe, though I had giuen order and oft ſent to preuent the ſame, yet the meſſengers deceiued mée, the Skies being very thicke and rainie, the King vnderſtanding this miſchance, ſent his Sonne and Mamontacke, to conduct mée to a great houſe ſufficient to lodge mée, where entring I ſaw it hung round with bowes and arrowes.

The Indians vſed all diligence to make vs fires, & giue vs content: the kings Orators preſently entertained vs with a kinde oration, with expreſſe charge that not any ſhould ſteale, or take out bowes or arrowes, or offer any iniury.

Preſently after he ſent me a quarter of Venizon to ſlay my ſtomacke: in the euening hée ſent for mee to come onely with two ſhot with me: the company I g • ue order to ſtand vpon their guard, & to maintaine two ſentries at the ports all night. To my ſupper he ſet before me meate for twenty men, & ſeeing I could not eate, hee cauſed it to be giuen to my men: for this is a generall cuſtome, that what they giue, not to take againe, but you moſt either eate it, giue it away, or carry it with you: two or thrée houres we ſpent in our a •• ent diſcourſes, which done, I was with a fire ſtick lighted to my lodging.

The next day the King conducting mée to the Riuer, ſhewed me his Canawes, and deſcribed vnto me how hée ſent them ouer the Baye, for tribute Beades: and alſo what Countries paide him Beads, Copper or 〈◊〉 . But ſéeing Captaine Nuport, and Maiſter Scriuener, comming a ſhore, the King retu • ned to his houſe, and I went to meete him, with a trumpet before him, wée marched to the King: who after his old manner kindly receiued him, eſpecially a Boy of thirtéen yeeres old, called Thomas Saluage, whom he gaue him as his Sanne: he requited this kindnes with each of vs a great baſket of Beanes, and entertaining him with the former diſcourſe, we paſſed away that day, and agréed to bargaine the next day, and ſo returned to our Pinnis: the next day comming • ſhore in like order, the king hauing kindly entertained vs with a breakfaſt, queſtioned with vs in this manner.

Why we came armed in that ſort, ſéeing hée was our friend, and had neither bowes nor arrowes, what did wée doubt? I told him it was the cuſtome of our Country, not doubting of his kindnes any waies, wherewith though hée ſéemed ſatiſfied, yet Captaine Nuport cauſed all our men to retire to the water ſide, which was ſome thirtie ſcore from thence: but to preuent the worſt, Maiſter Scriuener or I were either the one or other by the Barge, experience had w • ll taught me to beléeue his friendſhip, till conuenient opportunity ſuff • ed him to betrey vs, but quickly this polititian had perceiued my abſence, and • unningly ſent for mée; I ſent for Maiſter Scriuener to ſupply my place, the King would demaund for him, I would againe relée •• him, and they ſought to ſatiſfie our ſuſpition with kind Language, and not being agréed to trade for corne, hée deſired to ſée all our Hatchets and Copper together, for which he would giue vs corne, with that auncient trick • the Chick ahamaniens had oft acquainted me: his offer I refuſed, offering firſt to ſée what hée would giue for one piece, hée ſéeming to deſpiſe the nature of a Merchant, did ſcorne to ſell, but we freely ſhould giue him, and he liberally would requite vs.

Captaine Nuport would not with leſſe then twelue great Coppers try his kindnes, which he liberally requited with as much corne as of Chickah • mania, I had for one of leſſe proportion: our Hatchets hée would alſo haue at his owne rate, for which kindnes • ée much ſéemed to affect Captaine Nuport, ſome few bunches of blew Beades I had, which he much deſired, and ſeeing ſo few, he off •• d me a baſket of two pecks, and that which I drew to be thrée pecks at the leaſt, and yet ſéemed contented and deſired more: I agréed with him the next day for two buſhells, for y• ebbe now conſtrained vs to returne to our Boate, although he earneſtly veſi • ed vs to ſtay dinner which was a prouiding, and being ready he ſent aboard after vs, which was bread and venizon, ſufficient for fiftie or ſixtie perſons.

The next day hee ſent his Sonne in the morning not to bring a ſhore with vs any pieces, leaſt his weomen and children ſhould fears. Captaine Nuports good beliefe would haue ſatiſfied that requeſt, yet twentie or twentie five ſhot we got a ſhore: the King in portuning mée to leave my armes aboard, much miſliking my ſword, piſtol and target, I told him the man that ſlew my Brother with the like tearmes had perſwaded me, and being vnarmed ſhot at vs, and ſo betraide vs.

He oft entreated Captaine Nuport that his men might leane their armes, which ſtill hée commanded to the water ſide, this day we ſpent in trading for blew Beads, and hauing neare ſtraighted our Barge.

Captaine Nuport returned with them that came abord, hauing me and Maiſter Scriuener a ſhore, to follow in Canowes; into one I got with ſixe of our men, which béeing lan • hed a ſtones caſt from the ſhore ſtuck faſt in the Oſe: Maiſter Scriuener ſéeing this example, with ſeuen or eight more paſſed the dreadfull bridge, thinking to haue found déeper water on the other cr •• ke, but they were in forced to ſtay with ſuch entertainment as a saluage, being forced aſhore with wind and raine, hauing in his Canow, as commonly they haue, his houſe and houſhold, inſtantly seeing 〈◊〉 vp a houſe of mats which ſuccoured them from the ſtorme. 〈◊〉

The Indians ſeeing 〈◊〉 peſtred in the Oſe, called to me, ſixe or ſeuen of the Kings chiefs men threw off their ſkins, and to the middle in Oſe came to bear me out on their heads, their import •• acie cauſed me better to like the Canow then their curteſ • e, excuſing my deniall for feare to fall into the Oſe, deſiring them to bring me ſome w •• d, fire, and mats, to couer me, and I would content them: each preſently gaue his helpe to ſatiſfie my requeſt, which paines a horſe would ſcarce haue indured, yet a couple of bells richly contented them.

The Emperors ſent his Seaman Mantiuas in the euening with bread and victuall for me and my men, he no more ſcrip ••• s then the reſt ſéemed to take a pride in ſhewing how 〈◊〉 he regarded that miſerable cold and d • rty paſſage, though a d • ggs would ſcarce haue indured it, this kindnes I found, when I litle expected leſſe then a miſchiefs, but the black • night parting our companies, ere midnight the 〈◊〉 ſerued to carry vs aboard: the next day we came aſhore, the King with a ſolemne diſcourſe cauſing all to depart, but his principall men, and this was the effect, when as hée perceiued that we had a deſire to inuade Monacum, againſt whom he was no profeſſed enemy, yet thus farre hée would aſſiſt vs in this enterpriſe: Firſt hée would ſend his ſpies, perfectly to vnderſtand their ſtrength and ability • o fight, with which he would acquaint vs himſelfe.

Captaine Nuport would not be ſéene in it himſelfe, being great Werowances, they would ſtay at home, but I, Maiſter Scriuener, and two of his Sonnes, and Opechankanough. The King of Pamaunke ſhould haue 100. of his men to goe before as though they were hunting, they giuing vs notiſe where was the aduantage we ſhould kill them, the wcomen and young children he wiſhed we ſhould ſpare, & bring them to him, only 100. or 150. of our men he held ſufficient for this exploit: our boats ſhould ſtay at the falls, where we might hew timber, which we might conuey each man a piece till we were paſt the ſtones, and there ioyne them, to paſſe our men by water, if any were ſhot, his men ſhould bring them backe to our boats, this faire tale had almoſt made Captaine Nuport vndertake, by this meanes to diſcouer the South ſea, which will not be without trecherie, if wée ground our intent vpon his conſtancie.

This day we ſpent in trading, dancing, and much mirth, the King of Pamaunke ſent his meſſenger, as yet not knowing Captaine Nuport, to come vnto him: who had long expected mée, deſiring alſo my Father to viſite him: the meſſenger ſtayed to conduct vs, but Powhatan vnderſtanding that we had Hatchets lately come from Paſpahegh, deſired the next day to trade with vs, and not to go further.

This new tricke he cunningly pot vpon him, but onely to haue what hee liſted, and to try whether we would go or ſtay, Opechanke • oughs meſſenger returned that wée would not come: the next day his Daughter came to entreat me, ſhewing her Father had hurt his legge, and much ſorrowed he could not ſee me.

Captaine Nuport being not to bée perſwaded to goe in, that Powhatan had deſired vs to ſtay: ſent her away with the like anſwer, yet the next day vpon better conſideration intreatie pre • ailed, and wée anchored at Cinquoateck, the firſt • waine aboue the parting of the riuer, where dwelled two Kings of Pamaunke, Brothers to Powhatan: the one called Opitchapam, the other Katatough, to theſe I went a ſhore, who kindly intreated mée and Maiſter Scriuener, ſending ſome preſents aboard to Captain • Nuport, whilſt we were trucking with theſe Kings.

Opechankanough his wife, weomen, and children came to méete me with a naturall kind affection, hée ſéemed to reioyce to ſée me.

Captaine Nuport came a ſhore, with many kind diſcourſes wée paſſed that foren •• ne: and after di •• er, Captaine Nuport went about with the Pinnis to Menapacant which is twenty miles by water, and not one by land: Opechankanough, conducted me and Maiſter Scriuener by land, where hauing built a feaſting houſe a purpoſe to entertaine vs with a kind Orali • n, after their manner and his beſt prouiſion, kindly welcomed vs, that day he would not trucks, but did his beſt to delight vs with content: Captaine Nuport arriued towards euening, whom the King preſented with ſixe great platters of fiue bread, and Panſa • owm •• a, the next day till none wée traded: the King feaſted all the company, and the afternoone was ſpent in playing, dauncing, and delight, by no meanes hée would haue vs depart till the next day, he had feaſted vs with veni • on, for which he had ſent, hauing ſpent his firſt and ſecond prouiſion in expecting out comming: the next day he performed his promiſe, giuing more to vs three, then would haue ſufficed 30. and in that we carried not away what we le •• , hée ſent it after vs to the Pinnis, with what words or ſignes of loue he could expreſſe, we departed.

Captaine. Nuport in the Pinnis, leauing mée in the Barge to digge a rocke, where wée ſuppoſed a Mine at Cinquaoreck, which done, ere midnight I arriued at Werac • m • co, where our Pinnis anchored, b • ing 20. miles from Cinquao • ecke, the next day we tooke leaue of Powhatan, who in regard of his kindnes gaue him an Indian, he will affected to goe with him for England in ſtéed of his Sonne, y• cauſe I aſſure me was to know our ſtrength and Countries condition: y• next day we arriued at Kiskiack, the people ſo ſcornefully entertained vs, as with what ſignes of ſcorne and diſcontent we could, we departed and returned to our Fort with 250. buſhells of Corne, our preſident being not wholy recouered of his ſicknes, in diſcharging, his Piece brake and ſplit his hand off, which he is not yet well recouered.

At Captaine Nuports arriuall, wée were victualled for tw • lue wéekes, and hauing furniſhed him of what hée thought good, hée ſet ſaile for England the tenth of Aprill: Maiſter Scriuener and my ſelfe with our ſhallop, accompanied him to Captaine Hendrick.

Powhatan hauing for a farrewell, ſent him fiue or ſixe mens loadings, with Torkeyes for ſwords, which hée ſent him in our return to y• • ort: we diſcouered the 〈◊〉 of Nauſamd, a proud warlike Nation, as well we may teſtified, at our firſt arriuall at Cheſiapiack: but that iniury Captaine Nuport well reuenged at his returne, where ſome of them in • i •• ng him to their 〈◊〉 by a da • nce, hee perceiuing their intent, with a vally of muſket that, ſlew one, and ſhot one or two more, as themſelues confeſſe, the King at our ariuall ſent for me to come vnto him: I ſent him word what commodities I had to exchange for wheat, and if he would as had the reſt of his Neighbours, conclude a Peace, we were contented, at laſt he came downe before the Boate which rid at anchor ſome fortie yards from y• ſhore, he ſignified to me to come a ſhore, and ſent a Canow with foure or fiue of his men, two whereof I deſired to come aboard & to ſtay, & I would ſend two to talke with their King a ſhore, to this hée agréed: the King wée preſented with a piece of Copper, which he kindly excepted, and ſent for victualls to entertaine the meſſengers.

Maiſter Scriuener and my ſelfe alſo, after that went a ſhore: the King kindly feaſted vs, requeſting vs to ſtay to trade till the next day, which hauing done, we returned to the Fort, this riuer is a muſket ſhot broad, each ſide being ſhould bayes, a narrow channell but three f • dom, his courſe for eightéene miles, almoſt directly South, and by Weſt, where beginneth the firſt inhabitants, for a mile it turneth directly Eaſt, towards the Weſt, a great bay and a white chaukie Iland, conuenient for a Fort: his next courſe South, where within a quarter of a mile, the riuer diuideth in two, the neck a plaine high Corne field, the weſter bought a high plaine likewiſe, the Northeaſt anſwerable in all reſpects: in theſe plaines are planted aboundance of houſes and people, they may containe 1000. Acres of moſt excellent fertill ground, ſo ſweéete, ſo pleaſant, ſo beautifull, and ſo ſtrong a proſpect, for an inuincible ſtrong Citty, with ſo many commodities, that I know as yet I haue not ſeene: This is within one deies iourney of Chawwonocke, the riuer falleth into the Kings riuer, within twelue miles of Cape-hendicke.

At our Fort, the • ooles we had were ſo ordinarily ſtolen by the Indians, as neceſſity inforced vs to correct their brauing théeuerie: for he that ſtol • to day, durſt came againe the next day. One amongſt the reſt, hauing ſtolen two ſwords, I got the Counſels conſent to ſet in the bilboes: the next day with three more, he came with their woodden ſwords in the midſt of our men to ſteale, their cuſtome is to take any thing they can ceaze off, onely the people of Pamaunke, wee haue not found ſtealing: but what others can ſteale, their King receiueth.

I had them depart, but flouriſhing their ſwords, they ſéemed to defend what they could catch but out of our hands, his pride vrged me to turne him from amongſt vs, whereat he offred to ſtrike me with his ſword, which I preuented, ſtriking him firſt: the reſt eff • ing to reuenge the blow, receiued ſuck an incounter, and ſled; the better to affright them, I purſued them with fiue or ſixe ſhot, and ſo chaſed them out of the Iland: the beginning of this broyle, litle expecting by his carriage, we durſt haue reſiſted, hauing euen till that preſent, not béene contradicted, eſpecially them of Paſpahegh: theſe Indians within one houre, hauing by other Saluages, then in the Fort, vnderſtood that I threatned to be reuenged, came preſently of themſelues, and fell to working vpon our wears, which were then in hand by other Saluages, who ſéeing their pride ſo incountred, were ſo ſo ſubmiſſiue, and willing to doe any thing as might be, and with trembling feare, deſired to be friends within thrée daies after: From Nawſamond which is 30. miles from vs, the King ſent vs a Hatchet, which they had ſtollen from vs at our being there: the meſſenger as is the cuſtome, alſo wée well rewarded and contented.

The twenty of Aprill, being at worke, in hewing downe Trees, and ſetting Corne, an alarum cauſed vs with all ſpeede to take our armes, each expecting a new aſſault of the Saluages: but vnderſtanding it a Boate vnder ſaile, our doubts were pr •• ently ſatiſfied, with the happy ſight of Maiſter Nelſon, his many perrills of extreame ſtormes and tempeſts. His ſhip well, as his company could teſtifie his care in ſparing our prouiſion, was well: but the prouidence thereof, as alſo of our ſtones, Hatchets, and other fooles, onely ours excepted, which of all the reſt was moſt neceſſary, which might inforce vs, to think either a ſeditious traitor to our action, or a moſt vnconſcionable deceiuer of our treaſures. This happy arriuall of Maiſter Nelſon in the Phenix, hauing beene then about thrée monethes miſſing, after Captaine Nuports arriuall, being to all our expectations loſt: albeit, that now at the laſt, hauing béene long croſſed with tempeſt • ous weather, and contrary winds, his ſo vnexpected comming, did ſo rauiſh vs with exceeding ioy, that now we thought our ſelues as well filled, as our harts could wiſh, both with a competent number of men, as alſo for all other néedfull prouiſions, till a further ſupply ſhould come vnto vs: whereupon the firſt thing that was concluded, was, that my ſelfe, and Maiſter Scriuener, ſhould with 70. men goe with the beſt meanes we could prouide, to diſcouer beyond the Falls, as in our iudgements conueniently we might: ſixe or ſeauen daies we ſpent only in trayning, our men to march, fight, and ſcirwiſh in the woods, their willing minds to this action, ſo quickned their vnderſtanding in this exerciſe, as in all iudgements wée were better able to fight with Powhatans whole force: in our order of battle amongſt the Trées, (for Thicks there is few) then the Fort was to rep •• ſ • 400. at the firſt ass • ult, with ſome tenne or twenty ſhot, not knowing what to doe, nor how to vſe a Piece: our warrant being ſ • aled, Maiſter Nelſon refuſed to 〈◊〉 vs with the voluntary Marriners, and himſelfe as be promiſed, vnleſſe we would ſtand bound to pay the hire for ſhippe, and Marriners, for the time they ſtayed: and further there was ſome controuerſie, through the diuerſitie of Contrary opinions, ſome alleadging, that how profitable, and to what good purpoſe ſoeuer our iourney ſhould portend, yet our commiſſion, commanding no certaine deſigne, we ſhould be taxed for the moſt indiſcréete men in the world, beſides the wrong we ſhould doe to Captaine Nuport, to whom only all diſcoueries did belong, and 〈◊〉 no other: the meanes for guides, beſide the vncertaine courſes of the riuer, from which we could not erre much, each night would fortifie vs in two houres, better then that they firſt called the Fort, their Townes vpon the riuer, each within one dayes iourney of other, beſides our ordinary prouiſion, might well be ſupp • ſed to adde reliefe: for truck & dealing only, but in loue & peace, as wt the rest; if they aſſalted vs, their Townes they cannot defend, nor their lnggage to conuey, that we ſhould not ſhare, but admit the worſt, 16. daies prouiſion we had of Ch •• ſe, O • tmeale, and b •• ket beſides our rand • nous, we could and might haue hid in the ground. With ſixe men, Captaine Martin, would haue vndertaken it himſelfe, leauing the reſt to defend the Fort, and plant our Corne: yet no reaſon could be reaſon, to procéed • forward, though we were going aboard to ſet ſaile: Theſe diſcontents cauſed ſo many doubts to ſome, and diſcouragement to others, as our iourney ended: yet ſome of vs procured petitions to ſet vs forward, only with hope o • our owne confuſions, our next courſe was to turne huſbandmen, to fell Trées and ſet Corne. Fiftie of our men, we imployed in this ſeruice, the reſt kept the Fort, to doe the command of the preſident, and Captaine Martin, 30. dayes the ſhip lay expecting yt triall of certain matters, which for ſome cauſe I keepe priuate: yt next exploit was an Indian hauing ſtolen an Are was ſo purſued by Maiſter Scriuener, & them next him, as he threw it downe, and flying, drew his how at any that durſt incounter him: within foure or fiue dayes alter, Maiſter Scr • uener and I, being a little from the Fort, among the Corne, two Indiants, each with a codgell, and all newly painted with T • rraſigillate, came circling about mée, as though they would haue clubed me like a hare: I knew their faining loue is towards me, not withort a deadly hatred, but to preuent the worſt, I calling maiſter Scriuener retired to the Fort: the Indians ſeeing me ſuſpect them, with good 〈◊〉 , aſked me for ſome of their men, whom they would beate, and went with me into our Fort, •• nding one that lay ordinarily with vs, only for a ſpie: they offered to beat him, I in perſwading them to forbeare, they offered to beginne with me being now foure for two other arrayed in like manner, came in on the other ſide the Fort: wherevpon I cauſed to ſhut the Ports, and apprehend them. The preſident and Counſell, being preſently acquainted, remembring at the firſt aſſault, they came in like manner, and neuer elſe but againſt ſome villauie, concluded to commit them to priſon, and expect the euent, eight more we ceazed at that preſent, an houre after came three or foure other ſtrangers, extraordinarily fited with arrowes, ſ • innes, and ſhooting glo • es, their iealouſie and feare, bewrayed their bad intent, as alſo their ſuſpitious departure.

The next day came firſt an Indian, then another as Embaſſa • ors for their men, they deſired to ſpeake with me, our diſcourſe was, that what Spades, Shouells, ſwords, or fooles they had ſtaine, to bring home (if not the next day, they ſhould hang) the next newes was, they had taken two of our men, ranging in the woods, which miſchiefe no puniſhment will preuent bat hanging, and theſe they would ſhould redeeme their owne 16. or 18. thus brauing vs to our doores, we deſired the preſident, and Captaine Martin, that afternoone to ſally vpon them, that, they might but know, what we durſt to doe, and al night mand our Barge, and burnt their Townes, and ſpoiled, and deſtroyes, what we could, but they brought our men, and fréely deliuered them: the preſident releaſed one, the reſt we brought well guarded, to Morning and Euening prayers Our men all in armes, their trembling feare, then cauſed them to much ſorrow, which till then ſcoffed, and ſcorned at what we durſt doe, the Counſell concluded, that I ſhould terrifle them with ſome torture, to know if I co • ld know their intent the next day I bound one in hold, to the maint Maſt, and preſenting fire Muſkets with match in the cockes, forced him to desire life, to anſwere my demaunds he could not, but one of his Comouodos was of the counſell of Paſpahegh, that could ſatiſfie me: I releaſing him out of ſight, I affrighted the other, firſt with the rack, then with Muſkets, which ſéeing, he deſired me to ſtay, and hée would confeſſe to this execution Maiſter Scriuener came, his diſcourſe was to this effect, that Paſpehegh, the Chickahamaniar, Youghtanum, Pamaunka, Mattapanient, & Kiskiack. Theſe Nations were altogether a hunting that tooke me, Paſpahegh, & Chicahamanya, had entended to ſurpriſe vs at worke, to haue had our tools: Powhatan, & al his would ſ • me friends, till Captaine Nuports returne, that he had againe his men, which he called Namontack, where with a great feaſt hee would ſo enamor Captain Nuport & his men, as they ſhould ceaze on him, and the like traps would be laied for 〈◊〉 .

This trap for our fooles, we ſuſpected the chiefe occaſion was foure daies before Powhatan 〈◊〉 ſent the boy he had to vs, with many Turkies to Maiſter Scriuener, and mée, vnderſtanding I would go vp into his Countries to deſtroy them, and he doubled it the more, in that I ſo oft practiſed my men, whoſe ſhooting he heard to his owne lodging, that much feared his wiues, and children; we ſent him word, we entended no ſuch thing, but only to goe to Powhatan, to ſéeke ſtones to make Hatchets, except his men ſhoot at vs, as Paſpahegh had told vs they would, which if they did ſhoote but one arrowe, we would deſtroy them, and leaſt this miſchiefe might happen, ſent the boy to acquaint him thus much, and requeſt him to ſend vs Weanock, one of his ſubiects for a guide, yt boy he returned backe with his Cheſt, & apparell, which then we had giuen him, deſiring another for him, y• cauſe was, he was practiſing with the Chikahamanias, as the boy ſuſpected ſome vnlanie, by their extraordinary reſort, & ſecret conference 〈◊〉 : whence they would ſend him. The boy we keepe, now we would ſend him many me • s; ſengers, & preſents, the guide we deſired be ſent vs & withall requeſted vs to returne him, either the boy or ſome order, but none he could haue, & that day theſe Indians were apprehended, his ſonne with others yt had loaded at our Fort, returned & being out of the Fart, rayl • d on me, to 〈…〉 our 〈…〉 enemies to 〈◊〉 & to y• 〈…〉 after W • anock yt had 〈◊〉 with 〈…〉 kept to haue 〈…〉 returned, and ſecretly after him, Amocis toe Paſpaheyan, who alwaies they kept amongſt vs for, 〈◊〉 , whom the better to auoide ſuſpition, preſently after they came to bea • e away: theſe preſumptions induced me to take any occaſion, not onely to try the honeſty of Amocis, the ſpie but alſo the meaning o • theſe cunning crickes of their Emperour of Powhatan; whoſe true 〈◊〉 Captaine Ma ••• n moſt confidently pleades.

〈…〉 of M • cano • , which was the counſeller of Pasp ••• gh: firſt I then Maiſter 〈◊〉 , vpon their ſeuerall examinations, • ound by them all confirmed, that Paſpahegh, and C ••• kahammania did hate vs, and intended ſome miſchiefe, and who they were that tooke me, the names of them that ſtole our tooles, and ſwords, and that Powhatan receiued them, they all agreed: certaine vo •• lies of ſhot we cauſed to be diſcharged, which cauſed each other to thinke that their fellowes had beene ſlaine.

Powhatan vnderſtanding we detained certaine Saluages, ſeat his Daughter, a child al tenne yeares old, which not only for feature, countenance, & proportion much exceedeth any of the reſt of his people, but for wit, and ſpirit, the only Nonpariel of his Country: this hee ſent by his moſt truſtie meſſenger, called Rawhunt, as much excéeding in 〈…〉 perſon, but of a ſubtill wit, and crafty vnderſtanding, he with a long circumſtance, told mee, how well Powhatan, loued and reſpected mée, and in that I ſhould not doubt any way of his kindneſſe, • e had ſent his child, which he moſt esteemed, to ſee me, a Deere, and bread, beſides for a preſent: deſiring me that the Boy might come againe, which he loued exceedingly, his little Daughter hée had taught this leſſon alſo: not taking notice at all of the Ind • ans that had beene priſoners three daies, till that morning that ſhe saw their fathers are friends come quietly, and in good • earmes to entreate their libertie.

Opechaukanough, ſent also vnto vs, that for his ſake, we would releaſe two that were his friends, and for a token ſent me his ſhooting Gloue, and Bracer, which the day our men was taken vpon, 〈◊〉 himſelfe from the reſt a long time, intreated to ſpeake with me, where in token of peace, he had preferred me the ſame: now all of them hauing found their perempſorie conditions, but to increaſe our malice, which they ſeeing vs begin to threaten to deſtroy them, as familiarly as before, without ſuſpition, or feare, came amongſt vs, to begge libertie for their men: In the afternoone they being gone, we guarded them as before to the Church, and after prayer, gaue them to Pocahuntas, the Kings Daughter, in regard of her fathers kindneſſe in ſending her: after hauing well fed them, as all the time of their impriſonment, we gaue them their bowes, arrowes, or what elſe they had, and with much content, ſent them packing: Pocahuntas, alſo we requited, with ſuch trifles as contented her, to tel that we had vſed yt Paſpaheyans very kindly in ſo releaſing them. The next day we had ſuſpition of ſome other practiſe for an Ambuſcado, but perfectly wée could not diſcouer it, two daies after a Paſpheyan, came to ſhew vs a gliſtering Minerall ſtone: and with ſignes demonſtrating it to be in great aboundance, like vnto Rockes, with ſome dozen more, I was ſent to ſeeke to digge ſome quantitie, and the Indean to conduct me: but ſuſpecting this ſome tricke to delude vs, for to get ſome Copper of vs, or with ſome ambuſcado to betray vs, ſéeing him falter in his tale, being two miles on our way, led him aſhore, where abuſing vs from place to place, and ſo ſeeking either to haue drawne vs with him into the 〈◊〉 , or to haue giuen vs the ſ • ppe: I ſhewed him Copper, which I promiſed to haue giuen him, if he had performed his promiſe, but for his ſcoffing and abuſing vs, I gaue him twentie laſhes with a Rope, and his bowes and arrowes, bidding him 〈◊〉 if he durſt, and ſo let him goe.

In all this time, our men being all or the moſt part well recouered, and we not willing to trifle away more time then neceſſitie enforced vs vnto, we thought good for the better content of the aduenturers, in ſome reaſonable ſort to • raight home Maiſter Nelſon with Cedar wood, about which, our men going with willing minds, was in very good time effected, and the ſhip ſent for England; wee now remaining being in good health, all our men wel cōtended, free from mutinies, in loue one with another, & as we hope in a continuall peace with the Indians, where we doubt not but by Gods gracious aſſiſtance, and the aduenturers willing minds, and ſpeedie furtherance to ſo honorable an action in after times, to ſée our Nation to enioy a Country, not onely excéeding pleaſant for habitation, but alſo very profitable for comerce in generall, no doubt pleaſing to almightie God, honourable to our gracio • s Soueraigne, and commodious generally to the whole Kingdome.