CHAP. I.

FOr the firſt creation of Earls in the Saxons time, and ſince by the Norman Kings in England, I refer you to that learned Antiquary Maſter Selden his Book, who writeth at large in his Book of Titles and Honours, as well of this as of forain Nations. But there you ſhall finde Records cited, and Earls made both by Privy Signet and Privy Seal, without the Great Seal. And they were not then meerly titulary, and nominall, without Intereſt, Power and Judicature, as now they are commonly all, except the Earle of Arundell, who ſtill is a locall feodall Earl, by poſſeſſion of the Caſtle, and of ſome Rapes or Liberties; for the Lord Lumley not long ſince for ſome yeares being poſſeſſed thereof, was for ſuch time Earle of Arundell, and that Earledome is confirmed, and ſo adjudged with his honour and precedency, by the houſe of Peers entred both in the Parliament, and Court of Honour Rols: and the Royall Grant was, Do tibi Comitatum & tertiam partem profitucrum, unde Comes eſt. And he made the Sheriffe, or his Vicount, or Deputy: and the County Court was his, and it was an honour and office, both with the County and aſſignable, the aſſignee enjoying the County, honour and office, as in Maſter Seldens Booke is cited in their Patents, and was not ſo many large words for his Title and Peerage as is now uſed.

But in the Reports 9 Iacobi of Sir Iohn Davis in the caſe of the County Palatine, and in the Fourth Part of the Inſtitutes of Sir Edward Coke, of Juriſdiction of Courts, of the three County Palatines, yet in England you may ſee Acts of Parliament, Judgements and full matter, ſhewing, That there Sir Io. Davis fol. 59. were Comites Palatini of the firſt and higher ranke, which had in their Territories abſolute command in Martiall, civill and criminall matters, with all Royalties and Regalities which the ſecond order of titulary or nominall Earls had not, both in the Saxons and Normans time, long before the title of Duke, Marqueſſe, or Vicount were here granted. Secondly, Comes Palatinus was Comes Palatii, being a chief fol. 60.Councell and Companion to the Emperour or King, Comes Curarum Par extans Curis, ſolo diademate diſpar. That in Cheſter, Durham, Lancaſter and Pembroke, were made Earl Palatines, and County Palatines: and in Ireland in Lemſter, Earl Strongbows Sir Hugh de Lacy in Meth, to Sir Hugh de Lacy the younger in Viſter. That William Marſhall marying Earl Strongbows daughter, had by her five daughters: So as the Province of Lemſter deſcending to them, it was divided into five Counties, to each of them one County Palatine. That Bracton fol. 62.the ancienteſt of Lawyers, averres Earl Palatines have regall power in all things ſaving Liegance to the King; Hugh Lupus by the Conquerour was made Earl Palatine of the County of Cheſter, as free to the ſword, as the King to the Crown, and the Palatine of Cheſter made Barons, the Baron of Haulton, the Baron of Malbanck, the Baron Malpas, the Baron of Kinderton, and in Lancaſter, the Baron of Walton in Durham, the Baron of Hilton, and in Meth, Magnates and Barons; Baron de Streene, Baron de Nuven, Baron de Baltrim, Baron de la Narrow, Baron de Rheban in Kildare; the Baron Idrone in Caterlogh, the Baron of Burn-Church in Kilkenny, Baron of Nevill in Wexford, Baron of Loughmo in Tiperary, Baron Miſſet, and Baron Savage in Vlſter. That theſe Earles Palatines had Parliaments, made tenures in Capite, and fol. 67.grand Serjancy, and the tenants ſued out Licence of Alienations, and all Writs and Pleas, Officers, Chancelours, Judges, and that none of the Kings Officers could enter there, or that the Kings Writs, neither at Law or Chancery, did lie or run there, and that the County Sir E. Coke fol. 211. Palatine was thereby abſolutely ſevered from the Crowne. That the County Palatine of Lancaſter was created by that of Cheſter: and to Cheſter was annexed his conquered ſmall County of Flint in Wales, and made beſides the four above, foure other fol 21 • .Barons: Vernon of Saybrook, Hammond de Maſſi Baron of Durham, and the Barons of Hawardin and Stockport, and in other Antiquities, Cornwall Baron of Burford in Shropſhire.

That any Manors or Lands lying out of the County Palatine if held thereof, and the pleas of the inhabitants there ariſing ſhall bee tried within the County Palatine.

Thomas and Hugh Count Palatines both, and both Biſhops pleaded and returned to the Kings Writs: I am a Lord Royall here, the Kings fol. 221.Writs doe not run here.

The eldeſt ſiſters ſon by deſcent after her mother was Earl Palatine of Pembroke; And the Law, Reports, and Abridgements, ſhew they made Knights, and as Knights were to be impleaded; Divers ſtatutes ſhew Durham and the Earle Palatines, Mints, Durham pence yet extant. The Earl Palatines had in their Counties Iura Regalia, as the King fol. 204.had in his Palace, &c.

Sir Io. Davis fol. 60. In the Lord Lovels Caſe, the name or title of a Baron is no name of dignity or addition, 8 H. 6. 10. but Earl is parcell of his name, and of the ſubſtance of his name, and if it be left out of the Writ, the Writ ſhall abate, 39 E. 3. 35. the caſe of Gilbert Vmfrevill Earl of Angus; and 14 E. 3. Brief 278. the caſe of Hugh de Audley Earle of Glouceſter; yet note Maſter Burlacy, for not calling the Lord Mohun Lord, but Mohun, was committed to priſon; and note in a Star-chamber Bill, the Lord Verulam, his widow marrying Sir Iohn Vnderhill, was called and charged as my Lady Vnderhill▪ the late wife of Vicount Verulam, and not being called Vicounteſſe, the Bill was caſt out, and a Fine for diſhonour impoſed.

Now there be four other Lord Proprietors that have Palatine juriſdiction granted, and Provinces in the Weſt-India Iſles, Florida and Maryland, and as free as the Biſhop of Durham had, but none have a ſpeciall creation of an Earle Palatine, but ours of New Albion: nor have they the words with ſuch Additions, Titles, Dignities, and Priviledges, as either Durham or any other had, nor any ſpeciall grant to coin money; in that of Maryland ſpeciall Reſort or Soveraign Dominion, which is a Court of Appeal, as in the caſe of King E. the third, and his ſon E. in Aquitany, with free fiſhing, and wood for houſes, and to ſet up fiſhing ſtages, is reſerved; Elſe all the Lord Proprietors have all the like Royalties and Regalities, and Sir E. Coke fol. 216. all theſe 11 H. 6. in a long Roll particularly expreſſed, are confirmed by Parliament to the Biſhop of Durham, and ſo thereby to all the Lord Proprietors. And all of them have a ſpeciall clauſe to give to the well deſerving inhabitants in thoſe Provinces, Titles, Honour and Dignities, ſo as they be not the ſame uſed in England. Now though ſome queſtion is made whether the other four Lord Proprietors can make Barons or any Knights in their Provinces, becauſe ſuch Honours and Titles of Barons and Knights, are uſed here; but there is no queſtion or doubt in the Province of New Albion, our Lord being an Earle Palatine 16 years ſtanding, as free as Cheſter and Pembroke; or Lacy, OF Strongbow in Ireland, by that ſecond power according to the judged caſes in Law and in Parliament, may make Provinciall, locall and fewdall Barons, as the 19 above named, and make Knight Batchelours, though here uſed, & to have precedency, as others have had heretofore, though his intended order of Knights of the Converſion of Albion is more proper. And for our Earle Palatines Honour and Peerage in Ireland, and to make his Proxy in his abſence in that Houſe of Peers there▪ with all ſuh Honor and Titles, & Precedency to him, his Counteſſe, and children, in all places▪ as an Iriſh Earl, the ſpeciall Decree and Clauſes in the Charter doth fully warrant it. All the Civilians, Pleaders in the Court of Honour, and two Serjeants of the Coife at Law, nine in number, have certified it, and enrolled on record, and is exemplified under the ſeal; the Baronets of Nova Scotia being Preſident for the like caſe. And note both the King of France, and this our King, have made Barons and Knights, Hollanders, that have precedency there before other the ſubjects there.

But to anſwer an Objection of ſome not truly informed and miſtaken, conceiving that our Earle Palatine might in his Countrey onely and no where elſe, have his Honour, Title and Precedency. I anſwer, that our Soveraign Lord King Charles▪ as Emperour of England, under his Privy Signet, ſigned with his Royall hand, ſo granted and created him, which alone had been ſufficient, as others have been made, in Maſter Seldens Book, Records and Preſidents mentioned; but being farther with ſpeciall Clauſes and Decree, and ſpeciall Creation, ſo made and particularly granted, that both by Tenure and Dependency, and that this Province ſhall be of the Liegance of Ireland, and all there born to be free Denizens thereof, and under his Majeſties Great Seal, there is no doubt or queſtion thereof; For he is no Alien Earl made by an Alien King, as Copply by the French King, Duke Dudley, and Count Arundell by the Emperour, but by our own King the fountain of Honour; For an Earl by his Charter carrieth his Honour with him in all places, and that is his true name as above is adjudged, and is not to be ſued or ſue, is adjudged, without it; and ſo the nine learned Civilians and Serjeants have certified; and Nova Scotia is ſo annexed to Scotland, Adam de Valentia, and Marſhall, Earle Palatines of Pembroke by Conqueſt in the kingdome or Principality of Wales, then out of England, was a Peer to the Engliſh Parliament, and ſo the three Iriſh Conquerours Palatines recited; and how abſurd a conceit it is that our Earl Palatine in Albion, and he of Pembroke in Wales, and the reſt having all Regalities and Powers, Lordſhip, Honour and Titles, and power to give Honours and make Barons coming out of their Countries into England, ſhould here bee un-Lorded and debaſed unto Eſquires without Lordſhip, Honour or Precedency. And note all theſe, and Earl Fitz Allen in his locall Earldome of Arundel by Writ being called to Parliament, is not there by an Earl; for to be called by Writ, is onely to be a Lord or Baron, and ſo the Earle of Arundels Title and Precedency was adjudged him after long debate by Parliament. To conclude, the Earl Palatines of Cheſter and Pembroke, and Montgomery, or de Beleſmo in Shropſhire, were the greateſt Princes▪ of England; and by their Conqueſts, and ſo in Ireland▪ by their Hazard and Conqueſts that kingdome and Wales is gotten to this Crown: And ſo the now Lord five Proprietors that now conquer on Indians, and convert Pagans, and civilize them, and bring them to the obedience of our Soveraign, and at their own charges have made an entrance and ſure way with the other Colonies of America to make our Soveraign an Emperour of America, having now neer two hundred thouſand to defend his Empire; and therefore deſerve all Honour and Encouragement; amongſt which our Earl Palatine having adventured in perſon ſeven years, with ſo much hazard and charges, is chiefly to be advanced and honoured according to his worth.

Now for the pedegree and ancient Family of our Earl Palatine of 1200 years deſcent, being in England and borders of Wales: I finde onely a letter in the name changed, in each Age, and Conqueſt or change of Nation; for in Henry of Huntingdon, and William of Malmsbury, his Chronicles of all the Saxon Princes, that here arrived, and ſeated, and conquered the Britains; this family deſcending of a daughter, came with thoſe Princes into Britany; and I find that in lower Saxony neer Hamboro, and Holſtein a member of the Empire, and in all Maps there is ſtill in that harſh language Ployen a wall'd City by a lake, and Plowen a walled Caſtle of Count Plowen, a Count of the ſacred Empire, in Grimſtons and other Hiſtories mentioned; Now the Welch make and turn the vowel u into i or y, as from Brutus to Britons, ſo Plowden to Ployden▪ as all Maps write it. In Deeds, and the Biſhop of Herefords Records I find Anno Domini 904. an Exchange pro decem manlis vocat Ploydanes place ſuper quas Epiſcopus aedificaturus eſt Caſtrum, called Biſhops Caſtle, in which Town the Ploydens have much lands and tenements, having Ployden Manor, Ployden Hall, Longvili Caſtle, and thirteen Townes about it to this day, and at the coming in of H. the ſeventh were Commanders of that country, and Conſtables, or Chaſtellains of that Fort of Biſhops Caſtle; now Ployden and Ployden is all one, Foreſt of Danes for Denc, the Norman pronuntiation, which name of Ployden ſignifieth kill Dane, or wound Dane: and Pleyden by Ry in Suſſex was of this houſe, and ſignifieth in French hurt Dane, and this Pleyden ſent his ſons and conquered in Normandy, where are five families yet: and the heir of Pleyden wanting iſſue, made it an Hoſpitall, now held by the Earle of Thanet, Lord Toſton; So Plowen, Ployen, Ploydane, Ployden, Plowden and Pleyden is all one, for the change of time, and ſeverall Nations pronunciation, Saxons, Danes, Engliſh, Welch and Normans. And note, to this day an Eſquire in France of 300 yeares ſtanding of Coat Armor ſhall take place and precedency of any Earle, Vicount or Baron, which is not ſo ancient of Coat Armor, they not allowing the King by new creations to bar their inheritance and precedency. And for their greatneſſe and pedegree, I finde Ployden maried the daughter of John de Monte Gomerico, (now called Mount Gomery) Earl of Salopſhire, in William the Conquerours reign, and in Edward the thirds time maried the daughter of that great and rich Knight Burley Conquerour in France: Humphrey Ployden in H. the ſevenths time maried the daughter and heir Stury of Stury Hall, daughter of Corbet, of Morton Corbet, by whom the Lacons, Laytons, Bromlees, Purcelſwollaſcot, of Wollaſcot, and the two Baronets Lee and Corbet Knights for the County of Salop to this Parliament, are of his kindred. And of the daughters of Iohn Ployden, Lord Blany of Ireland, and of the other daughter maried to Hardwick, grandmother to that great Thin of Clauſe Caſtle; the third daughter maried to Walcot of Walcot Cloſe to Ployden, yet men of great poſſeſſions, the Counteſſe of Briſtoll being a Walcot, and ſo her ſons, the Lord Digby and Sir Lewis Dives, and Vicounteſſe Chicheſter, or Belfaſt, and the other Ladies her daughters are deſcended, and are his kindred. Our Earl Palatines mother being ſiſter of Sir Richard Fermor of Somerton, and couſen of Sir George and Sir Hatton Fermor, deſcended of the Knightlies, and ſo the Lord Vicount Say and Seal, the Counteſſe of Thomond a Fermor, and her children, and Vicount Wenman marying Sir Hatton Fermors children: the Baroneſſe of Aborgenny, and her ſiſter maried to Baronet Gage are his Neeces; his mother the Lady Penel • pe, daughter to the Lord Darcy, Vicount Colcheſter, Earl River • ; but his branches for three laſt deſcents are ſo many, and at leaſt fifty Baronets Knights, Eſquires, of 1000 l. per annum at leaſt, and their numerous iſſue; but for heirs males of the name his firſt is Ployden of Wanſteed, Ployden of Shipplacke, Ployden of Askon, Ployden of Ployden, and Ployden of Lee, and Doctor Ployden late of Lambeth. And for his now wife Counteſſe Palatine, daughter and heir to two worthy families, Neece of Sir George and Sir Hambden Paulet deceaſed, in that pedegree 300 from the Marqueſſe of Wincheſter, Lord high Treaſurer of England are allied. All which I have more fully publiſhed, that all of his kindred may, any ways poor or oppreſſed, the ſooner be preferred, advanced and tranſplanted to this moſt rich and pleaſant Province, and to great poſſeſſions and honours there, as great Strongbow did 1200 of his to Wexford and Lemſter in Ireland.

CHAP. II.

NOW for the full and ample ſatisfaction of the Reader of his Majeſties juſt title, & power to grant, enjoy, & poſſeſſe theſe countries, as well againſt Aliens as Indians which this forty years hath not been by print declared, You may read at large Maſter Hacluits Voyages and Diſcoveries▪ Maſter Purchas and Captain Smiths: for when the Spaniard and Portugall diſcovered and poſſeſt 140 years ſince the Eaſt-Indies, Braſill, the South part of America, the Charibees and Antell Iſles, and ſeated Saint Iohn de porto Rico Hiſpanicla, Iamaica and Cuba, and the Fort and Port of Havanah, againſt the Gulf and Current, Batuana Iſles, and point of Florida; then that moſt powerfull and richeſt King of Europe, King Henry the ſeventh of England ſent out an Engliſh man born in Briſtoll called Cabot, granted under his Great Seale to him all places and countries by him to be diſcovered and poſſeſt, who then beginning at Cape Florida diſcovered, entred on, took poſſeſſion, ſet up croſſes, and procured atturnment and acknowledgement of the Indian Kings to his then Majeſty, as Head, Lord and Emperour of the South-weſt America, all along that coaſt both in Florida from 20 degrees to 35, where old Virginia in 35 and 30 minutes, 65 years ſince was ſeated by 5 ſeverall Colonies about Croatan Cape, Haloraske, and Rawleys Iſle, by Sir Walter Rawley, who had from Queen Elizabeth that place, and two hundred leagues from it in all places adjoyning; Sir Richard Greenfield, Sir Ralph Lane, and Maſter White his partners ſ • ating and fortifying there; the ſaid Cabot farther taking poſſeſſion in 37 of that part called Virginia and Chiſapeack Bay being now his Majeſties Demeſne Colony of Virginia, and of the next great Bay in or neer 39, called now by the Dutch Cape Henlopen, the ſouth river, and by us Cape Iames and Delaware Bay of the Baron of Delawares name, being then Governour of Virginia, who by Sir Thomas Dale and Sir Samuel Argoll, 40 yeares ſince took poſſeſſion and atturnment of the Indian Kings, and 60 years ſince Sir Walter Rawley ſeated and left 30 men and four peeces of Ordnance at the Creek neer Cape Iames, by the Dutch called Horekill, by us Ro • mont, and by the Indians Cui Achomoca; and ſo the next river by us called Hudſons river, of the name of Hudſon an Engliſh man, the diſcoverer thirty five years ſince, who ſold his diſcovery, plots and cards to the Dutch; and ſo Cabot diſcovered ſeverall rivers and countries all along the coaſt North-Eaſt, now called New England, and divided in nine ſeverall Governments, and further diſcovered Port Royall, and that part called New Scotland, & ſet up Croſſes, where you may ſee in the French Book called New France, the French found an old Croſſe all moſſy in an eminent place at the head of that Bay and Port, and diſcovered all that coaſt and New-found-land, and that called Terra de Laborador, or New Britain, as far as the frozen ſtrait of Davis; Shortly after one Maſter Hore in the Reign of King Henry the 8••, renued this actuall poſſeſſion, atturnment of the Indian Kings, brought home divers of the chief Indian Kings to England, who gave their Homage and Oath of fidelity for theſe countries to King Henry the eight in perſon ſitting on his Throne in State in his Palace Hall at Weſtminſter. Then Virginia being granted, ſettled, and all that part now called Maryland, New Albion, and New Scotland, being part of Virginia, Sir Thomas Dale, and Sir Samuel Argoll, Captains and Counſellors of Virginia, hearing of divers Aliens and Intruders, and Traders without licence, with a Veſſell and forty ſoldiers landed at a place called Mount Deſert in Nova Scotia neer S. Iohns river, or Twede, poſſeſt by the French, there killed ſome French, took away their Guns and diſmantled the Fort, and in their return landed at Manhatas Iſle in Hudſons river, where they found four houſes built, and a pretended Dutch Governour, under the Weſt-India Company of Amſterdam ſhare or part; who kept trading boats and trucking with the Indians; but the ſaid Knights told him their Commiſſion was to expell him and all Aliens Intruders on his Majeſties Dominion and Territories, this being part of Virginia, and this river an Engliſh diſcovery of Hudſon and Engliſh man, the Dutch man contented them for their charge and voiage, and by his Letter ſent to Virginia and recorded, ſubmitted himſelf, Company and Plantation to his Majeſty, and to the Governour and government of Virginia; but the next pretended Dutch Governour in Maps and printed Cards, calling this part New Netherland, failing in paying of cuſtomes, at his return to Plymouth in England, was there with his Bever goods and perſon, attached to his damage of 1500 l. whereupon at the ſuit of the Governour and Councell of Virginia, his now Majeſty by his Embaſſadour in Holland, cōplaining of the ſaid Aliens intruſion on ſuch his Territories & Dominions, the ſaid Lords, the States of Holland by their publique inſtrument declared, That they did not avow, nor would protect them, being a private party of the Amſterdam Weſt-India Company, but left them to his Majeſtics wil & mercy: whereupon three ſeverall Orders from the Councell Table, and Commiſſions have been granted for the expelling and removing them thence, of which they taking notice, and knowing their weakneſſe and want of victuals, have offered to ſell the ſame for 2500 l. And laſtly, taking advantage of our preſent war & diſtractions, now ask 7000 l. and have lately offered many affronts & damages to his Majeſtis ſubjects in New England: and in generall endanger all his Majeſties adjoyning Countries, moſt wickedly, feloniouſly, and traiterouſly, contrary to the Marine and Admirall Laws of all Chriſtians, ſell by whole ſale guns, powder, ſhot and ammunition to the Indians, inſtructing them in the uſe of our fights and arms; inſomuch as 2000 Indians by them armed, Mohacks, Raritans, and ſome of Long Iſle with their own guns ſo ſold them, fall into war with the Dutch, deſtroyed all their ſcattering Farms and Boors, in forcing them all to retire to their Up fort 40 leagues up that river, and to Manhatas, for all or moſt retreating to Manhatas, it is now a pretty town of trade having more Engliſh then Dutch: and it is very conſiderable that three years ſince Stuy their Governour put out his Declaration, confeſſing that the neighbour Engliſh might well be offended with their ſelling Indians arms and ammunition, but being but a few and ſo ſcattered, they could not live elſe there, or trade, the Indians refuſing to trade or ſuffer the Dutch to plow without they would ſell them guns. The like folly they committed, and inconvenience to themſelves, and all Engliſh, for eight years ſince, in their Weſt-India Fleet, battered by the Spaniſh Armado, they brought home forty Swediſh poor ſoldiers; and hearing that Captain Young and Maſter Evelin had given over their Fort begun at Eriwemeck within Delaware Bay, there halfe ſtarved and tottered they left them, who learning the Indian language and finding much talk and trials of a gold mine there, though in truth fifty ſhillings charges produced of that light ſand but nine ſhillings in gold and therefore was of Captain Young that tried it ſlighted; yet one Bogot under the Swedes name and Commiſſion, there traded to croſſe the Dutch of Manhatas, and to underſell them, and left and ſeated there eighteen Swedes, who proclaiming a gold mine drew more to them, and have gotten a great trade; and now this laſt Summer fifteen Swedes and fifteene Dutch had a skirmiſh; the Swedes pulled down a Dutch trading houſe, and doe both underſell them, and ſpoiled much their and Engliſh trading with the Indians, both ſtriving to pleaſe and ſide with the Indians, both entertaining and refuſing to return all Engliſh fugitives and ſervants. The Swedes hiring out three of their ſouldiers to the Saſquehannock • , have taught them the uſe of our arms and fights, and marching with them into the Kings owne Colony of Virginia, have caried thence the King of Pawtomeck priſoner, and expelled his and eight other Indian Nations in Maryland civilized and ſubject to the Engliſh Crown. Now if a Proclamation of open war be ſet out againſt the Dutch and Swedes for this their villany, and all Engliſh forbid to trade, victuall or relieve them, they muſt both vaniſh, eſpecially if thoſe bad Engliſh that live, adhere and obey theſe Aliens in theſe his Majeſties countries be warned of the ſtatute of King Iames of famous memory, in theſe words: That all Subjects giving any obedience or acknowledgement to any forain Prince, State, Pope, or Potentate, within his Majeſties Territories and Dominions in England or beyond the ſea, is a traitor, and ſhall forſeit and ſuffer as a traitour. And certainly all Engliſh, and chiefly thoſe of New England being ready in twenty four hours will joyn to expel them both to regain their own trade, to get their ſeates, and to be rid of the danger of armed gunning Indians.

CHAP. II.

VVHereas that part of America, or North Virginia, lying about 39 degrees at Delaware Bay called the Province of new Albion, is ſcituate in the beſt and ſame temper, and as Italy, between too cold Germany, and too hot Barbary: ſo this lying juſt midway betweene New England 200 miles North, and Virginia 150 miles South, where now are ſettled 800000 Engliſh, and 140 ſhips in trade, is freed from the extream cold and barrenneſſe of the one & heat and aguiſh Marſhes of the other & is like Lumbardy, and a rich fat ſoil, plain, and having 34 rivers on the main land, 17 great Iſles, & partaketh of the healthieſt aire and moſt excellent commodities of Europe, and repleniſhed with the goodlieſt woods of Oaks and all Timber for ſhips and Maſts, Mulberries for ſilk, ſweet Cypreſſe, Cedars, Pines and Firres, 4 ſorts of Grapes for wine, & Raiſins, & with the greateſt variety of choice fruits, fiſh & fowl, ſtored with all ſons of corn, yeelding 5, 7 and 10 quarters an acre: Silkgras, ſalt, good Mines and Diers ware, 5 ſorts of Deer, Buffes, and huge Elks to plow and work, all bringing 3 young at once. The Uplands covered many moneths with berries, roots, cheſtnuts, walnuts, Beech and Oak Maſt to feed them, Hogges and Turkeys, 500 in a flock, and having neer the Colony of Manteſes 400000 acres of plain mead land, and meer levell, to be flowed and fludded by that river for corn, rice, rapes, flax and hemp. After 17 years trading and diſcovery there and triall made, is begun to be planted and ſtored by the Governour and Company of New Albion, conſiſting of forty four Lords, Baronets, Knights and Merchants, who for the true informing of themſelves, their friends, Adventurers and Partners by Reſidents and Traders there four ſeverall years out of their Journall Books, namely, by Captaine Browne a Ship-maſter, and Maſter Stafford his Mate, and by Captain Claybourn 14 years there trading, and Conſtantine his Indian there born and bred, and by Maſter Robert Evelin 4 yeares there; yet by eight of their hands ſubſcribed and enrolled doe teſtifie this to be the true ſtate of the Country, of the Land, and Delaware Bay or Charles River, which is further witneſſed by Captain Smith and other books of Virginia and by New Englands Proſpect, new Canaan, Captain Powels Map, and other deſcriptions of New England and Virginia.

Captain Brown. Captain Clayborn. Robert Evelin. Stafford. Conſtantine. Stratton. Thomas White. Richard Buckham. Chriſtoph. Thomas. Edward Monmouth. Tenis Palee. Edward Rhodes. Peter Rixford.

CHAP. IV.

NOw ſince Maſter Elmes letter and ſeven years diſcoveries of the Lord Governour in perſon, and by honeſt traders with the Indians, wee finde beſide the Indian Kings by him known and printed, in this Province there is in all twenty three Indian Kings or chief Commanders, and beſides the number of 800 by him named, there is at leaſt 1200 under the two Raritan Kings on the North ſide next to Hudſons river, and thoſe come down to the Ocean about little Egbay and Sandy Barnogate, and about the South cape two ſmall Kings of forty men a piece, called Tirans and Tiaſcons, and a third reduced to fourteen men at Roymont, the Saſquehannocks are not now of the Naturals left above 110, though with their forced Auxiliaries the Ihon a Does, and Wicomeſes they can make 250: theſe together are counted valiant & terrible to other cowardly dul Indians, wch they beat with the ſight of guns only; but in truth meeting with Engliſh, are the baſeſt cowards of all, though cunning and ſubtile to intrap and ſurpriſe on all ſtraits, coverts, reeds, and ambuſhes, for at the laſt Maryland March againſt them, theſe 250 having ſurpriſed in the reeds, and killed five Engliſh men with the loſſe of one of theirs, Captain Cornwallis that noble, right valiant, and politick ſoldier, loſing but one man more, killed with fifty five of his, and but raw and tired Marylanders, twenty nine Indians as they confeſſed, though compaſſed round with two hundred and fifty: and Summer was twelve moneth, Captain Lewis of Maryland at the Coves drawing but twenty men out of his winde bound Sloupes, and in two ſmall Cocke-boates much diſtant, finding twenty four Canoes, and therein an hundred and forty Saſquehannocks, reduced by theſe three Swedes into a half moon, with intent to encompaſſe the firſt ſmall boat before the ſecond could reach the former, at the firſt volley of ten ſho • , and loſſe of one Indian, they run all away; for note generally twelve Engliſh with five foot Calivers, ſhoot thirty pellets, or dagge ſhot, and fifty yards diſtance, and the naked Indian ſhooteth but one arrow, and but thirty yards diſtance, ſo as his Lordſhip knoweth well with ſuch a ſquadron of twelve or thirteen mark-men, to encounter three hundred, and to bring by the lock the proudeſt Sagamoore, to bee ranſomed for any Treſpaſſe: and not to ſuffer any Indian or trader without his Lordſhips badge or ſtamped livery worn, to come within twenty miles of his Plantation, or ten miles of their Cattle, as in all the out-skirts of Virginia is uſed, but to kill them. Inſomuch as the Emperour Nicotowance ſaying was, my countrymen tell me I am a lier, when I tell them the Engliſh men will kill you if you goe into their bounds; but valiant Captain Freeman made him no lier, when lately he killed three Indians ſo without badge incroaching. And therfore fair and far off is beſt with Heathen Indians; and fit it is to reduce all their trading to five Ports or Palliſadoed trucking houſes, and to kill all ſtraglers and ſuch ſpies without ranſome. Then ſhall chriſtians and their cattle be ſafe and quiet, and ſeverely putting to death all that ſell the Indians guns arms and ammunition, then Indians are ſooner ruled, civilized and ſubjected, as in New England is daily ſeen. In Long Iſle are about four Kings, and eight hundred Bow-men, moſt of them two hundred miles off his Lps ſeat of Watceſſit in Charles river, theſe of Long Iſle are well civilized▪ living within ten miles, and in ſight of eight thouſand Engliſh in that part of New England being▪ and the five towns in Connectacute river, and New Haven town being populous, diſcourageth any hoſtility: but chiefly his Lordſhips ſixe good free-holding towns in Long Iſle, is a bridle to check and contain them; for Southhampton, Hempſteed, Fluſhing, Graveſand and Ainsford are placed like diſtinct Gariſons to command them. Then between the two South Capes there are two petty Kings called Aquats and little Matankin, having both an hundred Bow-men, and above Watceſſit South-weſt, are the black and white Mincos neer three hundred men, being ſpeciall friends to Watceſſit, and enemies to the Saſquehannocks. Now for choice ſeats for Engliſh, Watceſſit firſt, where were ſeventy Engliſh, as Maſter Miles depoſeth, he ſwearing the officers there to his Majeſties allegiance, and to obedience to your Lordſhip as Governour, being twenty one leagues up Delaware Bay in Charles river, to which any ſhip may come, and about it Manteſes plain, which Maſter Evelin avoucheth to be twenty miles broad, and thirty long▪ & 50 miles waſhed by two fair navigable rivers, and is 300000 acres fit to plow and ſow all Corn, Tobacco, and Flaxe, and Rice, the four ſtaples of Albion. The ſecond ſeat is three miles off to Watceſſit adjoyning to Charles and Cotton river, ſo named of ſix hundred l. of Cotton wilde on trees growing: and is called Ritchneck, being twenty four miles compaſſe, one wood, huge Timber trees, and two foot black mould, much deſired of the Virginians to plant Tobacco, they alledging each plant there dried and cured, will bring a pound, whereas wom land five and ſixe to a pound, and theſe large leaves in the new land, and freſhes, ſerve to lap up all the bad S. Chriſtophers, and Barbadoes rolled Tobacco, and maketh it fire ſooner: of the three upper leaves they make Varinas and Spaniſh. The Dutch give for this double price, and the Engliſh double for ſweet ſented: and though Charles river is 120 miles North of James river in Virginia, yet having a more farre conſtant and tempered growing heat, Tobacco three years together tried, is riper, and ſooner ſtruck by wet ſeaſons by full three weeks, then in Virginia, and hath yeelded double the price: and no doubt Cotton will grow as in Millain, being three degrees more North-ward, though as there it dieth yearly by froſt, is re-planted by the ſeed as a Roſebuſh giveth a full cod.

The third ſeat is at Roymont a ſtrong, rich and fit place for a Fort. Sir Walter Rawley left there thirty men, and four guns, the Dutch ſeated there fifteen men and a Fort, both to plant in that rich five miles neck to Roymont river (which runneth down into Chiſapoack Bay) choice Tobacco, and thereby to prejudice and underſell Virginia, as to ſet up a fiſhing Stage for Whales, theſe proved but Grampus, and they killing baſely an Indian refuſing quarter or ranſome, were by the Indians killed and expelled twenty years ſince. This place is cloſe to the In-ſouth Cape, having a Creek of ſixe foot water only, and two furlongs of the grand Delaware Bay: on one ſide is an Iſthmos or Peniſle, nine miles compaſſe, fit for paſturage, and Hogs and Goats: and on the other ſide is a ſecond Iſthmos, four miles compaſſe, eaſily fenced, and is but ſixty miles over land to the Northermoſt and neereſt part of Virginia, to drive cattle by land, and have ſupplies by horſe and foot: and here is never ice or froſt: ſea-fiſh, all oyſters, and ſhell-fiſh, and fowl, all winter Cod to lade ſhips three moneths after December fit for ſalt and trade: and there is a poor Indian of fourteen men only, and weak to hinder any, all the ſoile is under a brick earth, ſtone ſlat hard by, and timber to build.

The fourth ſeat is Vvedale under Webſneck, and is a valley ſixe miles long, ſheltred by hils from the North-weſt windes: below it is ſixe miles a thicket of four ſorts of excellent great Vines running on Mulberry and Saſſafras trees; there are four ſorts of Grapes, the firſt is the Tholouſe Muſcat, ſweet ſented, the ſecond the great foxe and thick Grape, after five moneths reaped being boyled and ſalted, and well fined, it is a ſtrong red Xeres; the third a right Claret, the fourth a white Grape creeps on the land, maketh a pure gold colour white wine: Tenis Pale the French man of theſe four made eight ſorts of excellent wine, and of the Muſcat acute boyled that the ſecond draught will fox a reaſonable pate four moneths old: and here may be gathered and made two hundred tun in the Vintage moneth, & re-planted will amend; two other valleys there are of the ſame Grapes and large, above Vvedale, the hill is called Webſneck, environed with three rivers round, one of ſixteen foot water navigable, all but a neck, a caliver ſhot over, eaſily imparked, being 9000 acres, the cliffes all of rich black mould, with huge timber trees, moſt fit for Tobacco and Corn not far off are rich lead mines, containing ſilver tried, and iron ſtone, and by it waters, and fals to drive them in an inhabited deſert, no Chriſtians or Indians neer it, where Elkes, Stagges and Deer are moſt quiet, moſt fat, and not diſturbed, ſo as five men in three or four days kill and ſalt ſixty Deer, or an hundred twenty ſides for Summers food: four or five hundred Turkeyes in a flock, Swans, Hoopers, Geeſe, Ducks Teles, and other Fowles, a mile ſquare, and ſeven mile together on the ſhores, for here is all Cheſ-nuts Wall-nuts and Maſt berries, and March feeds, wilde Oats, and Vetches to feed them. Neer hand is alſo in Auguſt Cuſtard apples, and Papawes to make the beſt Perry Engliſh for 100 tun in a place, and all Plums, Hurtleberries, Black Cherries, wilde Anniſeed, Perfimenas, and other dainty fruits, and roots are had, as in all the huge long Meads and Marſhes, ſweet ſeg roots ground nuts, Tucaho and Cuttinamon roots for Hogs and whole Warrens, and berries of ſweet Muskerats, and here black Bears and Lions feeding on ſweet foods, are killed and eaten In the head of Chiſepeack river by Tomkins and Walton, was ſeen a Camell Mare brown black, ſeven foot high, of which 300 mile Weſt-ward are ſtore, their skins brought and ſold by the Indians confirm it.

The fifth ſeat is Brents fort, a ſteep rock, invincible and not to be battered, having an Iſthmos of low hard ground like a Tongue below it environed with freſh water, and under it a Cove cloſe to hide two ſhips or gallies, ſhips of 500 tun may come up to it, and hard by is good Mead and rich land, and Woods to plant; and in this deſert is beſt living, ſtored as before with all game and their food to maintain them.

The ſixt is an Ile called Palmers Ile, containing 300 acres, half meade, halfe wood; in it is a rock forty foot high, like a Towr, fit to be built on for a trading houſe for all the Indians of Chiſepeack Gulfe: it lieth a mile from each ſhore in Saſquehannocks river mouth, and there four Sakers will command that river, and renue the old trade that was; it lieth in forty degrees and twelve minutes, it is moſt healthy, but cold neer the hils, and full as all the ſeventeen rivers there of eleven ſorts of excellent freſh fiſh; the Indians in ſtead of ſalt doe barbecado or dry and ſmoak fiſh, to each houſe a reek or great pile, and another of Sun dried on the rocks, Strawberries, Mulberries, Symnels, Maycocks and Horns like Cucumbers.

The ſeventh is five mile off it, called Mount Royall or Bolalmanack hill, and more properly Belveder, for thence you may ſee 100 miles off high hils, above the clouds like ſugar-loaves that ſhelter and bear off the North-weſt windes; here is a clear Indian field ſixe miles long to plant and plow rich land, and as well ſtored as the reſt, and under it is Elk river, having many branches navigable, in all theſe the Tide of freſh ſweet water ebbes and flowes, and hath three fathome deep, the mouth of it is like a fort with fit Iſthmos and necks, and runneth up ſeven leagues to a ſtreet, but eleven miles over land into Charles river, and Delaware Bay, this neck is a rare work of God, for it is 450 miles compaſſe to goe by ſea and water, from one ſide to the other of this eleven miles ſtreet, and Vvedale is on one of theſe branches.

The eight ſeat is Kildorpy, neer the fals of Charles river, neer 200 miles up from the Ocean, it hath clear fields to plant and ſow, and neer it is ſweet large meads of clover or honyſuckle, no where elſe in America to be ſeen, unleſſe tranſported from Europe, a ſhip of 140 tuns may come up to theſe fals which is the beſt ſeat for health, and a trading houſe to be built on the rocks, and ten leagues higher are lead mines in ſtony hils.

The ninth is called Mount Ployden, the ſeat of the Raritan King on the North ſide of this Province twenty miles from Sandhay ſea, and ninety from the Ocean, next to Amara hill, the retired Paradiſe of the children of the Ethiopian Emperour, a wonder, for it is a ſquare rock, two miles compaſſe, 150 foot high, a wall-like precipice, a ſtrait entrance, eaſily made invincible, where he keeps two hundred for his guard, and under it a flat valley, all plain to plant and ſow.

The Saſquehannocks new Town is alſo a rare, healthy and rich place, with it a Cryſtall broad river, but ſome fals below hinder navigation, and the Hooke hill on the Ocean with its clear fields neer Hudſons river on one ſide, and a ten leagues flowing river on the ſouthſide is much commended for health and fiſh, were it not ſo Northerly.

The bounds is a thouſand miles compaſſe, of this moſt temperate, rich Province, for our South bound is Maryland North bounds, and beginneth at Aquats or the Southermoſt or firſt Cape of Delaware Bay in thirty eight and forty minutes, and ſo runneth by, or through, or including Kent Iſle, through Chiſapeack Bay to Paſcatway; including the fals of Pawtomecke river to the head or Northermoſt branch of that river, being three hundred miles due Weſt, and thence Northward to the head of Hudſons river fifty leagues, and ſo down Hudſons river to the Ocean, ſixty leagues, and thence by the Ocean and Iſles a croſſe Delaware Bay to the South Cape fifty leagues; in all ſeven hundred and eighty miles. Then all Hudſons river, Iſles, Long Iſle, or Pamunke, and all Iſles within ten leagues of the ſaid Province being; and note Long Iſle alone is twenty broad, and one hundred and eighty miles long, ſo that alone is four hundred miles compaſſe. Now I have examined all former Patents, ſome being ſurrendred, and ſome adjudged void, as gotten on falſe ſuggeſtions, as that at the Councell Table was at Maſter Gonges ſuit, of Matachuſets, and as Captain Clayborn heretofore Secretary, and now Treaſurer of Virginia, in diſpute with Maſter Leonard Calvert alledgeth; that of Maryland is likewiſe void in part as gotten on falſe ſuggeſtions: for as Cap: Clayborn ſheweth the Maryland Patent in the firſt part declareth the Kings intention to bee to grant a land therea fter deſcribed, altogether diſhabited and unplanted, though poſſeſt with Indians. Now Kent Iſle was with many houſholds of Engliſh by C. Clayborn before ſeated, and becauſe his Majeſty by his privy ſignet ſhortly after declared it was not his intention to grant any lands before ſeated and habited: and for that it lieth by the Maryland printed Card, clean North-ward within Albion, and not in Maryland, and not onely late Sea-men, but old Depoſitions in Claybornes hand, ſhew it ſo to be out of Maryland, and for that Albions Privy ſignet is elder, and before Maryland Patent, Clayborn by force entred, and thruſt out Maſter Calvert out of Kent; Next Maryland Patent coming to the Ocean, ſaith along by the Ocean unto Delaware Bay; That is the firſt Cape of the two moſt plain in view, and expreſt in all late Engliſh and Dutch Cards; and note unto Delaware Bay is not into the Bay, nor farther then that Cape heading the Bay, being in thirty eight and forty, or at moſt by ſeven Obſervations I have ſeen, thirty eight and fifty minutes: So as undoubtedly, that is the true intended and ground bound, and line, and no farther, for the words following, are not words of Grant, but words of Declaration; that is, Which Delaware Bay lieth in forty degrees where New England ends; theſe are both untrue, and ſo being declarative is a falſe ſuggeſtion, is void, for no part of Delaware Bay lieth in forty. Now if there were but the leaſt doubt of this true bounds, I ſhould wiſh by conſent or commiſſion, a perambulation and boundary, not but there is land enough for all, and I hold Kent Iſle having lately but twenty men in it, and the Mill and Fort pulled down, and in war with all the Indians neer it, not worth the keeping.

But it is materiall to give a touch of Religion and Government, to ſatisfie the curious and well-minded Adventurer. For Religion it being in England yet unſettled, ſeverall Tranſlations of Bibles, and thoſe expounded to each mans fancy, breeds new Sects, I conceive the Holland way now practiſed beſt to content all parties: firſt, by Act of Parliament or Grand Aſſembly, to ſettle and eſtabliſh all the Fundamentals neceſſary to ſalvation, as the three Creeds, the Ten Commandements, Preaching on the Lords day, and great days, and Catechiſing in the afternoon, the Sacrament of the Altar and Baptiſme; But no perſecution to any diſſenting, and to all ſuch as to the Walloons, free Chapels; and to puniſh all as ſeditious, and for contempt, as bitterly rail and condemn others of the contrary; for this argument or perſwaſion of Religion, Ceremonies, or Church-Diſcipline, ſhould be acted in mildeneſſe, love and charity, and gentle language, not to diſturb the peace or quiet of the Inhabitants, but therein to obey the Civill Magiſtrate.

For the Politique and Civill Government, and Juſtice, Virginia and New England is our preſident: Firſt, the Lord head Governour, a Deputy Governour, Secretary of Eſtate, or Seal keeper, and twelve of the Councell of State or upper Houſe: and theſe or five of them is alſo a Chancery Court. Next out of Counties and Towns, at a free election and day prefixed, thirty Burgeſſes or Commons. Once yearly the tenth of November theſe meet, as at a Parliament or Grand Aſſembly, and make Laws, or repeal, alter, explain, and ſet taxes and rates for common defence, and without full conſent of Lord, upper and lower Houſe nothing is done: Appeals are here alſo tried, all criminall caſes for life, above only by two Juries, or actions at Law, a Jury on either ſide may be called, and by them tried: and any before judgement, may ſtop the Law, and be tried in Equity; The two months Courts may try before four Juſtices of Peace, any action not exceeding 10 l. or 1500 l. of Tobacco, at 4 s. charge onely, and plead without Atturney; an Appeal lieth thence to each quarter, or Chancery firſt Court above, and from thence an Appeal to the Grand Aſſembly: any matter under 40 s. value, or 200 l. of Tobacco, to be ended by the next Juſtice at 1 s. charge, no depoſition to be taken but before two Juſtices, whereof one of the Quorum, or in Court, or before a Councell, or of Eſtate: and here is no Jeofails, nor Demurrers, but a Summary hearing, and a Sheriffe, and Clerk of Court, with ſmall fees ends all for the moſt part in a few words.

Laſt of all▪ how plentifully may a quiet induſtrious man live here, having rich Corn Land, Mead and Paſture, and Timbers, and Woods covered, many months with Cheſ-nuts and four other nuts, and maſt for Deer, Hogs and Turkeys, Fiſh, Fowl, Veniſon, Wine and Fruits gratis? Our chiefe Staples are Tobacco, then Flaxe and Rice, of which in floated lands you have infinite increaſe, and without floating you may have, and all the winter Ship-plankes, Clove board and Pipe-ſtaves, theſe lade home ſhips twice a year hence, and for them bring you any Engliſh ſervants or Engliſh or Dutch wares, cloths, ſtuffes▪ drams▪ wines or what you beſpeak: but ſurely we may eaſily grow rich if we will, and buy no clothes, for a good Weaver brought hither, will make us of our own Flaxe nine ſorts of Linnens, tufted Hollands, Velures, Velvets, Tuftaffetaes, and Pluſhes; and for Winter a good Glover with allome onely of our own Elk-skins, maketh the beſt Buffe-coats, our owne Stag and Deer skins make beſt gentile and ſoldiers clothes, fitteſt for our Woods: a Doe-skin breeches with the fur inſide in our ſhort Winter, is better then two broad clothes and warmer, ſo we need no Engliſh clothing; Cattle in Virginia, and all Grain in New England brought to our doores cheaper then here; Indian Corn, or Peaſe, or Beans at twelve pence a buſhel by truck with the Indians, and Rye Meal, a third, with the white and dry Mayz Meal, which is all together but twenty pence, a buſhell of Meale maketh the beſt bread, and we have more choice drinks then here, for ſweet Stalk and Pumpion drink hopped, is good beer, and ale we have and mault as you; and in the hot Summer rock cold water, with an eighth of Peach Vinegar is the beſt Beaverage: Peaches better then Apricocks by ſome doe feed Hogs, one man hath ten thouſand trees, all Apples, Pears, Cherries, and other fruits grow here in half the time as in your cold and blaſty Region, and ſo do all Hops & Roots, Hearbs and Garden ſtuffe. Our days in Summer 2 hours ſhorter, and in Winter more comfortable two houres longer, and a warmer Sun and bigger fires, and no rent to my Landlord, makes us merry. He that is lazy and will not work, needs not fear ſtarving, but may live as an Indian, ſometimes Oyſters, Cockles, Wilkes▪ Glams, Scollons two moneths together; ſometimes wilde Peaſe and Vetches, and Long Oats, ſometimes Tuckaho, Cuttenoman ground, Nuts, Marhonions, ſometime ſmall nuts, Fillbirds, Wall-nuts, Pokikerries, ten ſorts of Berries, Egs of Fowl, ſmall fiſh in Cove, at low water will teach him to live idly.

CHAP. V.

EAch Adventurer of twenty or fifty men muſt provide houſhold neceſſaries, as irons and chains for a draw-bridge, two Mares or Horſes to breed or ride on, Pots, Pans, Diſhes, Iron for a Cart and Plow, Chains, Sithes, and Sickles, Nets, Lines and Hooks. A ſail for a fiſhing Shallop of three tun, and Hemp to employ his people in making them, as with hair, and canvas for quilts, aſwell on ſhipboard as demurring at the ſea port, as with locks, keys, bolts, and glaſſe caſements for his houſe. And generally fit Implements for the work or trade he intends.

For trade with the Indians, buy Dutch or Welch rugged cloth, ſeven quarters broad, a violet blew or red▪ at four or five ſhillings a yard, ſmall hooks, and fiſhing lines, Morris bels, Jewes-harps, Combes, trading knives, Hatchets, Axes, Hoes, they will bring you Veniſon, Turkeys, and Fowles, Fleſh, 4t for a pennyworth of corn at twelve pence a buſhell.

Proviſions for each man, and the charge from London. 1. Canvas, or linnen clothes, Shooes, Hats, &c. coſting here foure pound for two men to buy Cows, Goats, and Hogs in Virginia, which there yeelds ſixe pound, and will buy one Cow, and Oxe, two Goats, two Sowes, which for each man comes to 2 l. 0. 0. 2. Fraight for a Paſſenger, and his half Tun of proviſions and Tooles. 1 l. 10. 0. 3. Victuals till his own ſtock and crop maintain him for ſeven moneths. That is, Peaſe, Oatmeal and Aquavite, 7 s. five buſhels of Meal, of which two to be baked into Biskets, and five buſhels of Malt, ſome muſt be ground and brewed for the voyage, both 1 l. 10 s. a hundred of Beefe, and Pork, 1 l. 2 s. two buſhels of roots, 2 s. ſalt fiſh, 2 s. Cask to carry proviſion 5 s. five pound of Butter 2 s. 3 l. 10. 0. 4. One Hogſhead of eares of Corn. Garden ſeeds, Hemp, and linſeed with Cask, and ſome Rice from Virginia. 0. 16. 0. 5. Armes (viz.) a Sword, Calliver five foot long, or long Piſtoll, Pikehead: ſix pound of powder, ten pound of ſhot, halfe an old ſlight Armour, that is, two to one Armour. 0. 19 s. 0. 6. Tools a Spade, Axe and Shovell, 5 s, Iron and Steel to make and mend more, and two hundred of nails, 5 s. 0. 10. 0. 7. Guns and Powder for the Fort, that is, to every fifty foure Murtherers, 8 l. a barrell of powder 4 l. 10 s. that is, to each man 5 s. Bed and Sheets of Canvas, to be filled with huls, each man a Rug 15 s. Sum totall, 10 l 5. 0.

CHAP. VI.

1. HEre by bringing good Labourers, and Tradeſmen, the provident planters may doe well by giving ſhares or double wages, when each man may earn his five, nay ſixe ſhillings a day in Tobacco, Flaxe, Rice.

2. For here the Ship-carpenters ten men a day will build a tun of ſhipping as in England, which with maſts and yards there taken is here, and there worth 3 l. a tun, and yet here, and there is built at 1 l. a tun wages, which is 6 s. 2 days work, having the Timber without money.

3. Here in 14 days they make a thouſand of Pipe-ſtaves, worth here foure pound, and at the Canaries twenty pound a thouſand, and ſo get ſix ſhillings a days work.

4. Here in making Iron they ſave 5 l. a tun in the price of wood, and 3 l. more in digging the Iron mine, and ſaving land carriage of it, and of the charcole, for mine is taken on the Sea beach, and wood floated down the Rivers, and ſo each man earns 5 s. 10 d. a day, Iron valued at 12 l. per tun.

5. Here the conſtant trade of 350 ſhips, and 7000 men a fiſhing beginne to leave cold Newfoundland ſmall fiſh, and late taken, when this is before theirs two moneths at the market, 100 fiſh here yeelds four quintales, there ſcarce one, and here is fiſh all the year, there but only in the four warm months, ſo as for nine weeks work each man above his diet, paſſage, and returne, gets twenty pound, and twelve pound a man, and herein dried Baſe, in Sturgeon, in preſſed Mackrell, Herrings, and Pilchers, is got as well as well as in Cod-fiſh, ſixe ſhil. and eight ſhil. a day. And this returns ready French and Spaniſh coin.

6. Here the glorious ripening Sunne as warme as Italy or Spain, will bring rare fruits, wines, and ſuch ſtore of Anniſeed and Licoras, as well as Bay-ſalt, made without boyling, only in pans with the Sun, that each labourer may make 6 buſhels a day, worth in theſe three 12 s. a day, And this maiden ſoyl, ſo comforted with the Suns glittering beams, and being digged, and ſet with the Indian Wheat, and their Beans and Peaſe, with 40 s. charge in 40 days worke with ſeed, yeelds 10 quarters an acre, the ſame Wheat being ten times as big and as weighty as ours, beſides Potatoes, Woad, Madder, Roots, and many Plants, and Tobacco, will yeeld half a tun of Flax, and a tun of Hemp, worth 12 l. an acre, and 6 s. a days work.

7. Here as in Province in France, Walnut-Milk, or Oyle ground and preſſed, will yeeld the gatherer ten gallons, and 10 s. a days work.

8. Here the Land lieth covered ſeven moneths with Beech, and Oke Maſt, Wallnuts and Cheſtnuts, and three moneths with Groundnuts, Seg and other roots, and wilde Peaſe, and Fetches yearly, ſo as forty Hogs for one, and ninety Turkeys, Partridges, Heathpoults, and tame Poultry, eating their fill, for one is ordinary encreaſed.

9. Here the Sope and Pot-aſhes men paying in England 12 d. a buſhell, and 4 d. carriage for aſhes, and 20 l. a tun for Pot-aſhes, may make them for a quarter and leſſe: and get 8 s. a days work, by cutting, reeking, and burning whole plains of Fern, Brambles, and wilde Vines, being thrice as ſtrong as Wood-aſhes.

10. Here a ſhip may goe, and return in five moneths laded, and comfortably ſee their friends, making two voyages a year, in a healthy ayre, free from Enemies and Turks, and get two for one each voyage: that is, four for one of that ſtock, and proceed in a year.

11. Here the kinde Gentleman that in England doth not live without debts, mortgages, ſuretiſhip, law-ſuits and troubles, may here ſettle, and avoid bad company, and tempting occaſions, and live in plenty, and variety of all ſports, hunting Deere, hawking Fowl, fiſhing, and many more ſports, and ſorts of game, as with dainty fruits; and lay up his ſpare rents.

12. Here the Soldier, and Gentlemen wanting employment, and not bred to labor, without going to war to kil Chriſtians for 5 s. a week in the mouth of the roaring Cannon, or in a Siege threatned with famine, and peſtilence: and but ten together againſt a few naked ſalvages, may like a devout Apoſtolique ſoldier with ſword, and the word to civilize, and convert them to be his Majeſties Lieges, and by trading with them for furs, get his ten ſhillings a day, and at home intermixing ſport and pleaſure, with profit, ſtore his Parks with Elks and 〈1… pages missing〉