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TEA is generally brought from China, and groweth there upon little Shrubs or Buſhes, the Branches whereof are well garniſhed with white Flowers that are yellow within, of the bigneſs and faſhion of ſweet Brier, but in ſmell unlike, bearing thin green leaves about the bigneſs of Scordium, Mirtle, or Sumack, and is judged to be a kind of Sumack: This Plant hath been reported to grow wild only, but doth not, for they plant it in their Gardens about four foot diſtance, and it groweth about four foot high, and of the Seeds they maintain and increaſe their Stock. Of all places in China this Plant groweth in greateſt plenty in the Province of Xemſi Latitude 36. degrees, bordering upon the Weſt of the Province of Honam, and in the Province of Namking near the City of Lucheu, there is likewiſe of the growth of Sinam, Cochin-China, the Iſland de Ladrones and Japan, and is called Cha. Of this famous Leaf there are divers ſorts (though all of one ſhape) ſome much better than other, the upper Leaves excelling the other in fineneſs, a property almoſt in all Plants, which Leaves they gather every day, and drying them in the ſhade, or in Iron pans over a gentle fire till the humidity be exhauſted, then put up cloſe in Leaden pots, preſerve them for their Drink Tea, which is uſed at Meals, and upon all Viſits and Entertainments in private Families, and in the Palaces of of Grandees: And it is averred by a Padre of Macao Native of Japan, that the beſt Tea ought not to be gathered but by Virgins who are deſtined to this work, and ſuch, Quaenondum Menſtrua patiuntur: gemmae quae naſcuntur in ſummitate arbuſcula ſervantur Imperatoriè, ac praecipuis ejus Dynaſtis; quae autem infra naſcuntur, ad latera, populo conceduntur. The ſaid Leaf is of ſuch known vertues, that thoſe very Nations ſo famous for Antiquity, Knowledge and Wiſdom, do frequently ſell it among themſelves for twice its weight in Silver, and the high eſtimation of the Drink made therewith hath occaſioned an inquiry into the nature thereof among the moſt intelligent perſons of all Nations that have travelled in thoſe parts, who after exact Tryal and Expeviz.
The Quality is moderately hot, proper for Winter or Summer.
The Drink is declared to be moſt wholeſome, preſerving in perfect health untill extreme Old Age.
The particular Vertues are theſe.
It maketh the Body active and luſty.
It helpeth the Head-ach, giddineſs and heavineſs thereof.
It removeth the Obſtructions of the Spleen.
It is very good againſt the Stone and Gravel, cleanſing the Kidneys and Vriters being drank with Virgins Honey inſtead of Sugar.
It taketh away the difficulty of breathing, opening Obſtructions.
It is good againſt Lipitude Diſtillations, and cleareth the Sight.
It removeth Laſſitude, and cleanſeth and purifieth aduſt Humors and a hot Liver.
It is good againſt Crudities, ſtrengthening the weakneſs of the Ventricle or Stomack, cauſing good Appetite and Digeſtion, and particularly for Men of a corpulent Body, and ſuch as are great eaters of Fleſh.
It vanquiſheth heavy Dreams, eaſeth the Brain, and ſtrengtheneth the Memory.
It overcometh ſuperfluous Sleep, and prevents Sleepineſs in general, a draught of the Infuſion being taken, ſo that without trouble whole nights may be ſpent in ſtudy without hurt to the Body, in that it moderately heateth and bindeth the mouth of the Stomack.
It prevents and cures Agues, Surfets and Feavers, by infuſing a fit quantity of the Leaf, thereby provoking a moſt gentle Vomit and breathing of the Pores, and hath been given with wonderful ſucceſs.
It (being prepared and drank with Milk and Water) ſtrengtheneth the inward parts, and prevents Conſumptions, and powerfully aſſwageth the pains of the Bowels, or gri
It is good for Colds, Dropſies and Scurveys, if properly infuſed, purging the Blood by Sweat and Urine, and expelleth Infection.
It drives away all pains in the Collick proceeding from Wind, and purgeth ſafely the Gall.
And that the Vertues and Excellencies of this Leaf and Drink are many and great, is evident and manifeſt by the high eſteem and uſe of it (eſpecially of late years) among the Phyſitians and knowing men in France, Italy, Holland and other parts of Chriſtendom; and in England it hath been ſold in the Leaf for ſix pounds, and ſometimes for ten pounds the pound weight, and in reſpect of its former ſcarceneſs and dearneſs, it hath been only uſed as a Regalia in high Treatments and Entertainments, and Preſents made thereof to Princes Thomas Garway did purchaſe a quantity thereof, and firſt publickly ſold the ſaid Tea in Leaf and Drink, made according to the directions of the moſt knowing Merchants and Travellers into thoſe Eaſtern Countries: And upon knowledge and experience of the ſaid Garway's continued care and induſtry in obtaining the beſt Tea, and making Drink thereof, very many Noblemen, Phyſitians, Merchants and Gentlemen of Quality have ever ſince ſent to him for the ſaid Leaf, and daily reſort to his Houſe in Exchange-Alley aforeſaid to drink the Drink thereof.
And that Ignorance nor Envy may have no ground or power to report or ſuggeſt that what is here aſſerted of the Vertues and Excellencies of this pretious Leaf and Drink hath more of deſign than truth, for the juſtification of himſelf and ſatisfaction of others, he hath here innumerated ſeveral Authors, who in their Learned Works have expreſly written and aſſerted the ſame, and much more in honour of this noble Leaf and Drink, viz. Bontius, Riccius, Jarricus, Almeyda, Horſtius, Alvarez Semeda, Martinious in his China Atlas, and Alexander de Rhodes in his Voyage and Miſſions in a large diſcourſe of the ordering of this Leaf, and the many Vertues of the Drink, printed at at Paris 1653. part. 10. Chap. 13.
And to the end that all Perſons of Eminency and Quality, Gentlemen and others, who have occaſion for Tea in Leaf may be ſupplyed. Theſe are to give notice, that the ſaid Thomas Garway hath Tea to ſell from ſixteen to fifty Shillings the pound.
And whereas ſeveral Perſons uſing Coffee, have been accuſtomed to buy the powder thereof by the pound, or in leſſer or greater quantities, which if kept two dayes looſeth much of its firſt Goodneſs. And foraſmuch as the Berries after drying may be kept if need require ſome Moneths; Therefore all perſons living remote from London, and have occaſion for the ſaid powder, are adviſed to buy the ſaid Coffee Berries ready dryed? which being in a Morter beaten, or in a Mill ground to powder, as they uſe it, will ſo often be brisk, freſh, and fragrant, and in its full vigour and ſtrength as if new prepared, to the great ſatisfaction of the Drinkers thereof, as hath been experienced by many in this City. Which ComThomas Garway hath alwayes ready dryed to be ſold at reaſonable Rates.
Alſo ſuch as will have Coffee in power, or the Berries undryed, or Chocalata, may by the ſaid Thomas Garway be ſupplied to their content: With ſuch further Inſtructions and perTea, Coffee and Chocolata, as is, or may be needful, and ſo as to be efficatious and operative, according to their ſeveral Vertues.
That Nicholas Brook, living at the Sign of the Frying-pan in St. Tulies-ſtreet againſt the Church, is the only known man for making of Mills for grinding of Coffee powder, which Mills are by him ſold from 40. to 45. ſhillings the Mill.