@prefix : . @prefix dc: . @prefix obo: . @prefix owl: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix xml: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix foaf: . @prefix prov: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix skos: . @prefix vann: . @prefix swrla: . @prefix terms: . @prefix schema: . @prefix opla-sd: . @prefix protege: . @prefix oboInOwl: . @prefix resource: . @prefix cpannotationschema: . @prefix AnnotationVocabulary: . @base . rdf:type owl:Ontology ; owl:imports , , ; dc:contributor "Maria-Esther Vidal" , "Mayra Russo" , "Sammy Sawischa" , "Yukti Sharma" ; dc:creator "Mayra Russo"@en , "NoBIAS project" ; dc:description "Doc-Bias, an ontology to support the documentation of bias in data"@en ; dc:title "Doc-Bias Ontology"@en ; terms:created "2022-06-10" ; terms:language "en" ; terms:license , "GNU General Public License v3.0"@en ; terms:publisher "TIB – Leibniz Information Centre for Science and Technology, Hannover, Germany" ; owl:versionInfo "0.3"@en , "2023-05-24"^^xsd:string . ################################################################# # Annotation properties ################################################################# ### http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/opla-sd#entityPosition opla-sd:entityPosition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/opla-sd#entityPositionX opla-sd:entityPositionX rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/opla-sd#entityPositionY opla-sd:entityPositionY rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000115 obo:IAO_0000115 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/citation dc:citation rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; dc:identifier "citation"@en . ### http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor dc:contributor rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator dc:creator rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment "Mayra Russo"@en . ### http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description dc:description rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/identifier dc:identifier rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/source dc:source rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title dc:title rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:label "dc:title"@en ; rdfs:range rdfs:Literal . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/bibliographicCitation terms:bibliographicCitation rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:range rdfs:Literal . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/created terms:created rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/language terms:language rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:range terms:LinguisticSystem . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/license terms:license rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher terms:publisher rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:range foaf:Agent . ### http://swrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/3.3/swrla.owl#isRuleEnabled swrla:isRuleEnabled rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDbXref oboInOwl:hasDbXref rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasExactSynonym oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasRelatedSynonym oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/schemas/cpannotationschema.owl#coversRequirements cpannotationschema:coversRequirements rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment "This annotation property is used for exemplifying possible requirements the content pattern provides a solution for. Requirements are expressed as natural language competency questions." . ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/schemas/cpannotationschema.owl#extractedFrom cpannotationschema:extractedFrom rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment "This annotation property should be assigned with a URI, which points to the possible reference ontology which the annotated pattern was extracted from (i.e. the reference ontology that the ontology elements have been deeply or partially cloned by). The range is not explicit in the definition of the annotation property because it would turn the ontology to OWL Full. E.g. The participation pattern is extracted from the Dolce Ultra Lite ontology, hence the value for this annotation property is http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/DUL.owl" . ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/schemas/cpannotationschema.owl#hasComponent cpannotationschema:hasComponent rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment "This annotation property is useful for content ontology design patterns. Its value is a URI, which refers to another content ontology design pattern which is a component of the annotated one." . ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/schemas/cpannotationschema.owl#hasConsequences cpannotationschema:hasConsequences rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment "This annotation property is used for briefly describing the benefits and/or possible trade-offs when using the CP." . ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/schemas/cpannotationschema.owl#hasIntent cpannotationschema:hasIntent rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment "This annotation property is used in order to describe the intent of the content pattern." . ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/schemas/cpannotationschema.owl#hasUnitTest cpannotationschema:hasUnitTest rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment "This property can be used to annotate a unit test (e.g. in the form of a SPARQL query) to be launched to evaluate an ontology against a requirement-based task." . ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/schemas/cpannotationschema.owl#isCloneOf cpannotationschema:isCloneOf rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment "This annotation property is used for referring a cloned ontology entity to its cloning source." . ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/schemas/cpannotationschema.owl#isSpecializationOf cpannotationschema:isSpecializationOf rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment "This annotation property is useful for content ontology design patterns and its elements. Its value is a URI, which refers either to a content ontology design pattern that is specialized by the annotated one, or to an ontology element that is specialized by the annotated one." . ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/schemas/cpannotationschema.owl#reengineeredFrom cpannotationschema:reengineeredFrom rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment "This annotation property should be assigned with a URI, which points to the concept schema, page, or anything else from which the annotated pattern was reengineered. If the source does not have any URI e.g., a printed book, this property value should provide information as precise as possible in order to identify the source. This property is alternative to the extractedFrom property because it is used when the pattern come from a concept schema which is not an owl ontology. For example content ontology design patterns, which are reengineered from data model patterns, rdf schemas, etc. should be annotatd with this property. E.g. The basicpersonalfoaf pattern is extracted from the rdf FOAF specification, hence the value for this annotation property is http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/20071002.rdf" . ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/schemas/cpannotationschema.owl#relatedCPs cpannotationschema:relatedCPs rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment "This annotation property can be used to indicate other CPs (if any) that specialize, generalize, inlcude, or are components of the CP. Furthermore, this field may indicate other CPs that are typically used in conjunction with the described one. Important similarities and differences with other patterns can be also described here." . ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/schemas/cpannotationschema.owl#scenarios cpannotationschema:scenarios rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment "This annotation property is used for describing examples of instantiation of the Content OP. For example, for the part-of Content OP (which represents part-whole relations) a possible scenario is the sentence: \"the brain is part of the human body\". Scenarios are expressed as natural language sentences." . ### http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type rdf:type rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#comment skos:comment rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition skos:definition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#definition prov:definition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/formalization :formalization rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ################################################################# # Object Properties ################################################################# ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/Creator terms:Creator rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range foaf:Person ; rdfs:comment "defines creator of the Dataset" ; rdfs:label "creator"@en . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#communicates_with_language rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:label "communicates_with_language"@en . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#ethnically_associates rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdf:type owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#ethnically_self_identifies_as rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#has_biological_sex rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdf:type owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "association of gender identity concept with a biological gender" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#has_ethnic_association rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#has_ethnic_identification rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#has_ethnic_identity rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#has_ethnic_origin rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#has_ethnic_self-identity rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#has_religious_adherance rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdf:type owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#has_religious_identifcation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#has_sexual_orientation_of rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:range . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#has_skin_color rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdf:type owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:label "has_skin_color"@en . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#identifies_with_religion rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:label "identifies_with_religion"@en . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#is_of_ethnic_origin rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:label "is_of_ethnic_origin"@en . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#is_of_the_racial_background rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:label "is_of_the_racial_background"@en . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#self_identifies_gender_as rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:label "self_identifies_gender_as"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#hasTopConcept skos:hasTopConcept rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#inScheme skos:inScheme rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#member skos:member rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#memberList skos:memberList rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#semanticRelation skos:semanticRelation rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#theme rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range skos:Concept ; rdfs:comment "A main category of the resource. A resource can have multiple themes."@en ; rdfs:label "theme"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/dqv#computedOn rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "defines measure of metric which is computed on dataset" ; rdfs:label "computedOn"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/dqv#hasQualityAnnotation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "defines annotations related to quality that Dataset has" ; rdfs:label "hasQualityAnnotation"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/dqv#inCategory rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "defines Category that given Dimension belongs to" ; rdfs:label "inCategory"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/dqv#inDimension rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "defines Dimension who has given Metric" ; rdfs:label "inDemension"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/dqv#isMeasurementOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "defines metric which is measured"@en ; rdfs:label "isMeasurementOf"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#achieves rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://ml-schema.github.io/documentation/ML%20Schema.html"@en ; rdfs:label "achieves"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#definedOn rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://ml-schema.github.io/documentation/ML%20Schema.html"@en ; rdfs:label "definedOn"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#defines rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://ml-schema.github.io/documentation/ML%20Schema.html"@en ; rdfs:label "defines"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#executes rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://ml-schema.github.io/documentation/ML%20Schema.html"@en ; rdfs:label "executes"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#hasInput rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://ml-schema.github.io/documentation/ML%20Schema.html"@en ; rdfs:label "hasInput"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#hasPart rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://ml-schema.github.io/documentation/ML%20Schema.html"@en ; rdfs:label "hasPart"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#hasQuality rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "hasQuality"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#implements rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://ml-schema.github.io/documentation/ML%20Schema.html"@en ; rdfs:label "implements"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#realizes rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://ml-schema.github.io/documentation/ML%20Schema.html"@en ; rdfs:label "realizes"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#specifiedBy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "A relation between an entity and the information content entity that specifies it."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://ml-schema.github.io/documentation/ML%20Schema.html#d4e227"@en ; rdfs:label "specifiedBy"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/target rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "defines dataset for which a quality policy is applicable for" ; rdfs:label "target"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo prov:wasAttributedTo rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :BiasMeasure ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "attributing provenance of Bias to a scholarly document."@en ; rdfs:label "wasAttributedTo"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/aligns :aligns rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isAlignedWith ; rdfs:domain :Harm ; rdfs:range :Bias ; rdfs:label "aligns"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/associatedTo :associatedTo rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :composedOf ; rdfs:domain :DemographicDimension ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:label "associatedTo"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/associates :associates rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isAssociatedTo ; rdfs:domain :Application ; rdfs:range :Bias ; rdfs:label "associates"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/composedOf :composedOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :DemographicDimension ; rdfs:label "composedOf"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/evaluatesFeature :evaluatesFeature rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :BiasEvaluation ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:label "evaluatesFeature"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/evaluatesForTask :evaluatesForTask rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :BiasEvaluation ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:label "evaluatesForTask"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/evaluatesInDataset :evaluatesInDataset rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :BiasEvaluation ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:label "evaluatesInDataset"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/evaluatesWithMeasure :evaluatesWithMeasure rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :BiasEvaluation ; rdfs:range :BiasMeasure ; rdfs:label "evaluatesWithMeasure"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/hasBiasMeasure :hasBiasMeasure rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :measures ; rdfs:domain :Bias ; rdfs:range :BiasMeasure ; rdfs:label "hasBiasMeasure"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/hasDataset :hasDataset rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:label "hasDataset"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/hasDocumentationType :hasDocumentationType rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain , :BiasEvaluation , ; rdfs:range :DocumentationType ; rdfs:label "hasDocumentationType"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/hasModelComponent :hasModelComponent rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:label "hasModelComponent"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/hasOutput :hasOutput rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range , ; rdfs:label "hasOutput"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/isAlignedWith :isAlignedWith rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :Bias ; rdfs:range :Harm ; rdfs:label "isAlignedWith"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/isAssociatedTo :isAssociatedTo rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :Bias ; rdfs:range :Application ; rdfs:label "isAssociatedTo"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/isPartOf :isPartOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "isPartOf"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/measures :measures rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :BiasMeasure ; rdfs:range :Bias ; rdfs:label "measures"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/preparesData :preparesData rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :Pre-processing ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "defines files that are used in preparing the Data for training to be used by Model" ; rdfs:label "preparesData"@en . ################################################################# # Data properties ################################################################# ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/Issued terms:Issued rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range rdfs:Literal ; rdfs:comment "defines date on which Dataset is published" . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/description terms:description rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range rdfs:Literal ; rdfs:comment "gives description of dataset" . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified terms:modified rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range rdfs:Literal ; rdfs:comment "defines date on which Dataset is modified" . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/title terms:title rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range rdfs:Literal ; rdfs:comment "defines title of the Dataset" . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#Keyword rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range rdfs:Literal ; rdfs:comment "defines Keywords describing the Dataset" . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/dqv#ExpectedDatatype rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range rdfs:Literal ; rdfs:comment "defines expected datatype of metric" . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/dqv#value rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range rdfs:Literal ; rdfs:comment "defines value of the metric measured" ; rdfs:label "qualityValue"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/age :age rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range xsd:int ; rdfs:label "age"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/biasClassification :biasClassification rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :BiasEvaluation ; rdfs:range rdfs:Literal ; rdfs:label "biasClassification"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/biasMeasureID :biasMeasureID rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :BiasMeasure ; rdfs:range rdfs:Literal ; rdfs:label "biasMeasureID"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/biasScore :biasScore rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :BiasEvaluation ; rdfs:range rdfs:Literal ; rdfs:comment "Represents the bias score calculated with bias detection method" ; rdfs:label "biasScore"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/biasThreshold :biasThreshold rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :BiasEvaluation ; rdfs:range xsd:int ; rdfs:label "biasThreshold"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/datasetName :datasetName rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; dc:creator "russo"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "datasetName"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/evaluationID :evaluationID rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :BiasEvaluation ; rdfs:range rdfs:Literal ; rdfs:label "evaluationID"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/featureSubGroup :featureSubGroup rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :BiasEvaluation ; rdfs:range rdfs:Literal ; rdfs:label "featureSubGroup"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/hasContentType :hasContentType rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range rdfs:Literal ; rdfs:label "hasContentType"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/hasMeasureValue :hasMeasureValue rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; rdfs:comment "hssMeasureValue"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/hasValue :hasValue rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; rdfs:label "hasValue"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/isAvailable :isAvailable rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range xsd:boolean ; rdfs:comment "defines whether dataset is publicly available" . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/language :language rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range rdfs:Literal . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/modelName :modelName rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; dc:creator "russo"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "modelName"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/periodOftime :periodOftime rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range rdfs:Literal ; rdfs:label ; rdfs:seeAlso "http://purl.org/dc/terms/PeriodOfTime"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/privFeature :privFeature rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :BiasEvaluation ; rdfs:range rdfs:Literal ; rdfs:comment "sub-group in feature assessed is considered to be privileged when in comparison with another sub-group."@en ; rdfs:label "privFeature"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/specificationDescription :specificationDescription rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:comment "specificationDescription"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/spontaneity :spontaneity rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range xsd:boolean ; rdfs:comment "defines whether dataset was spontaneously collected from a Social Media Platform or computer-generated"@en ; rdfs:label "spontaneity"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/underPrivFeature :underPrivFeature rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :BiasEvaluation ; rdfs:range rdfs:Literal ; rdfs:comment "sub-group in feature assessed is considered to be underprivileged when in comparison with another sub-group."@en ; rdfs:label "underPrivFeature"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/valueCount :valueCount rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :BiasEvaluation ; rdfs:range xsd:int ; rdfs:label "valueCount"@en . ################################################################# # Classes ################################################################# ### http://aims.fao.org/aos/geopolitical.owl#economic_region rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://aims.fao.org/aos/geopolitical.owl#geographical_region rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://aims.fao.org/aos/geopolitical.owl#territory rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005478 obo:GSSO_005478 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DemographicDimension ; rdfs:comment "An economic and sociological combined total measure of a person's work experience and of an individual's or family's economic and social position in relation to others, based on household income, earners' education, and occupation are examined, as well as combined income, whereas for an individual's SES only their own attributes are assessed. However, SES is more commonly used to depict an economic difference in society as a whole."@en ; rdfs:label "SocioEconomicStatus"@en . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Adventism rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#African_American rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Ahmadiyya rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Alaskan_Native rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "\"A person having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America), and who maintains tribal affiliation or community attachment.\" OMB Directive 15" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Algerian rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Algerian_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Algerian" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#American_Indian rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "\"A person having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America), and who maintains tribal affiliation or community attachment.\" OMB Directive 15" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#American_Sign_Language rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Arabic rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Asexual rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "lacking in sexual attraction and interest" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Asian rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "\"A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam.\" OMB Directive 15, 1997" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Assemblies_of_God rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Aztec rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Aztec_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Aztec" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Bahai_Faith rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Baptist rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Barbadian rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Barbadian_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Barbadian" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Biological_Sex rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DemographicDimension . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Bisexual rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "sexual interest in both biological sex, males and females" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Black rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "\"A person having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa. Terms such as \"Haitian\" or \"Negro\" can be used in addition to \"Black or African American.\"\" OMB Directive 15, 1997" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Blackfeet_Tribe rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Blackfeet_Tribe_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Blackfeet Tribe" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#British_Sign_Language rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Buddhism rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Cambodian rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Cambodian_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Cambodian" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Cantonese rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Catholicism rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Central_American rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Chamorro rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Chamorro_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Chamorro" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Chinese rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Chinese_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Chinese" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Chinese_Language rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Christian_Science rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Christianity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Chuukese rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Chuukese_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Chuukese" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Columbian rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Columbian_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Columbian" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Congregationalism rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Conservative_Judaism rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Cream_White_Skin rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Cuban rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Cuban_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Cuban" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Dark_Brown_Skin rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Darker_Brown_Skin rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Disciples_of_Christ rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Domincian_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Dominican" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Dominican rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Dutch rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Dutch_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Dutch" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Eastern_Orthodoxism rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Ecuadorian_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Ecuadorian" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Egyptian rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Egyptian_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Egyptian" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#English rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#English_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "English" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#English_Language rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Ethiopian rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Ethiopian_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Ethiopian" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Ethnic_Identification rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DemographicDimension , [ owl:intersectionOf ( [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ) ; rdf:type owl:Class ] ; rdfs:comment "concept expresses the ethnic identification of the ego where it encompasses ethnic origin, how they identify with their ethnicity and their religious idenity affiliation. For example, individuals who have mutliple ethnic origins (\"mixed race\"), may identify strongly with one than the other, or individuals from multi-faceted backgrounds (e.g. \"Afro Cuban\") may self identify as Latino, etc." . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Ethnic_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DemographicDimension ; rdfs:comment "representation of various facets of self ethnic idenity - strength of association and what they identify" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Ethnic_Origin rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DemographicDimension ; rdfs:comment "We are utilizing the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) classifcation for ethnicity. While not comprehensive, it is temporary, but we have added some subclasses to these." . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Ethnic_Self_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DemographicDimension ; rdfs:comment "Individual association with an ethnic group, independent of their origin. This mirrors Ethnic Origin classification of FOAF+." . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Far_Eastern_Asian rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Female rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Fijian rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Fijian_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Fijian" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Filipino rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Filipino_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Filipino" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#French rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#French_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "French" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#French_Language rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Gender_Self-Identification rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DemographicDimension ; rdfs:comment "Individual association with a gender group, independent of their biological gender. This mirrors Gender classification of FOAF+." . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#German rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#German_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "German" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#German_Language rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Ghanaian rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Ghanaian_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Ghanaian" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Guatemalan_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Guatemalan" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Haitian rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Haitian_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Haitian" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Hawaiian_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Hawaiian" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Hawaiian_Native rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Hetrosexual rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "sexual attraction and interest in the opposite biological sex" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Hindu rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Hispanic rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "\"A person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race. The term, \"Spanish origin,\" can be used in addition to \"Hispanic or Latino.\"\" OMB Directive 15, 1997" ; skos:altLabel "Latino" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Hmong rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Hmong_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Hmong" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Homosexual rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "sexual attraction and interest in the same biological sex" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Indian rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Indian_Asian rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Indian_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Indian" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Intersex rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:editorialNote "\"do not fit the typical definitions for male or female bodies\"" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Iranian rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Iranian_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Iranian" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Iraqi rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Iraqi_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Iraqi" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Irish rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Irish_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Irish" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Islam rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Israeli rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Israeli_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Israeli" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Italian rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Italian_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Italian" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Jamaican rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Jamaican_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Jamaican" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Japanese rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Japanese_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Japanese" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Judaism rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Korean rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Korean_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Korean" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Language rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DemographicDimension ; rdfs:comment "concept classification of various spoken languages, not an exhaustive list but limited to the languages presented in YMAP and ADD Health surveys" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Lebanese rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Lebanese_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Lebanese" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Lutheranism rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Male rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Mandarin rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Marshallese rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Marshallese_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Marshallese" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Mayan rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Mayan_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Mayan" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Methodism rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Mexican rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Moderate_Brown_Skin rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Moderately_Religious rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Mormonism rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Moroccan rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Moroccan_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Moroccan" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Native_Hawaiian rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "\"A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands.\" OMB Directive 15, 1997" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Native_Village_of_Barrow_Inupiat rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Native_Village_of_Barrow_Inupiat_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Native Village of Barrow Inupiat" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Navajo_Nation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Navajo_Nation_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Navajo Nation" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Nigerian rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Nigerian_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Nigerian" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Nome_Eskimo_Community rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Nome_Eskimo_Community_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Nome Eskimo Community" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#North_African_White rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#North_American_Indian rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Norweigian rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Norweigian_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Norweigian" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Not_Religious rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Orthodox_Judaism rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Pacific_Islander rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "\"A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands.\" OMB Directive 15, 1997" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Pakistani rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Pakistani_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Pakistani" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Palauan rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Palauan_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Palauan" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Pale_White_Skin rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Pansexual rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "attraction to many/any genders beyond the binary classification" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Pentecostalism rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Polish rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Polish_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Polish" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Presbyterian rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Protestantism rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Puerto_Rican rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Puerto_Rican_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Puerto Rican" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Quakerism rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Race rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DemographicDimension ; rdfs:comment "individual racial background based on 1997 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) classification" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Reconstructionist_Judaism rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Reformed_Judaism rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Religion rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DemographicDimension ; rdfs:comment "concept classification of world religions that individuals may adhere to" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Religious_Adherance rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DemographicDimension ; rdfs:comment "degree of adherence to religious belief for an individual based on scales used in surveys from YMAP and ADD Health" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Religious_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DemographicDimension , [ owl:intersectionOf ( [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ) ; rdf:type owl:Class ] ; rdfs:comment "A concept that is part of the ethnic identification concept that extends to religious identity and how much they adhere to it" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Russian_Language rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Salvadoran_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Salvadoran" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Samoan rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Samoan_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Samoan" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Scottish rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Scottish_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Scottish" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Self_Identified_Female rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Female" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Self_Identified_Gender_Queer rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Gender Queer" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Self_Identified_Male rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Male" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Self_Identified_Transgender rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Transgender" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Sexual_Orientation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DemographicDimension ; rdfs:comment "a concept referring to the biological gender an individual is sexually attracted to" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Shia rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Shintoism rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Sign_Language rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Sikhism rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Skin_Color rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DemographicDimension ; rdfs:comment "Skin color classification based on Fitzpatrick scale" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Slightly_Religious rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Somali rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#South_African rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#South_African_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "South African" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#South_American rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#South_American_Indian rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Southeast_Asian rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Spaniard_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Spaniard" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Spanish rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Sufi rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Sunni rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Syrian rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Syrian_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Syrian" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Tahitian rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Tahitian_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Tahitian" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Taoism rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Tongan rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Tongan_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Tongan" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Tunisian rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Tunisian_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Tunisian" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Unitarianism rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Very_Religious rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Vietnamese rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Vietnamese_Identity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Vietnamese" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#White rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "\"A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa.\" OMB Directive 15" ; skos:altLabel "Caucasian" . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#White_European rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#White_Middle_Eastern rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#White_Skin rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Wicca rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://sbmi.tmc.uth.edu/ontology/foaf_plus#Jehovahs_Witnesses rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#Person rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; rdfs:label "Person"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#SpatialThing rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; rdfs:label "SpatialThing"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Collection skos:Collection rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; rdfs:label "Collection"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept skos:Concept rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; rdfs:comment "Describes the theme of a dataset."@en ; rdfs:label "Theme"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#ConceptScheme skos:ConceptScheme rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; rdfs:label "Concept Scheme"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#Catalogue rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A curated collection of metadata about resources (e.g., datasets and data services in the context of a data catalog)."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Catalog"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#Dataset rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; rdfs:comment "A collection of data, published or curated by a single source, and available for access or download in one or more representations."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Dataset"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/dqv#Category rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; rdfs:comment "Category is a group of quality dimensions in which a common type of information is used as quality indicator" ; rdfs:label "Category" . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/dqv#Dimension rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; rdfs:comment "Dimension is a criteria relevant for assessing quality. Each dimension is part of a broader category of Data Quality Assessment" ; rdfs:label "QualityDimension" . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/dqv#Metric rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; rdfs:comment "Metric is a standard to measure a quality dimension. An observation(instance of dqv:QualityMeasurement) assigns a value in a given unit to a Metric." ; rdfs:label "QualityMetric"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/dqv#QualityAnnotation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; rdfs:comment "QualityAnnotation is a quality annotations, including ratings, quality certificates or feedback that can be associated to datasets" ; rdfs:label "QualityAnnotation" . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/dqv#QualityCertificate rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Quality Certificate is subclass of Quality Annotation. It associates a dataset to a document that certifies the data quality according to a set of quality assessment rules" ; rdfs:label "QualityCertificate" . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/dqv#QualityMeasurement rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; rdfs:comment "Quality Measurement is the evaluation of a given dataset a specific quality metric." ; rdfs:label "QualityMeasurement" . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/dqv#QualityPolicy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; rdfs:comment "QualityPolicy is a policy or agreement that is chiefly governed by data quality concerns"@en ; rdfs:label "QualityPolicy"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#Algorithm rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "An optimization algorithm in machine learning problems minimizes a loss or cost function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://ml-schema.github.io/documentation/ML%20Schema.html#d4e197"@en ; rdfs:label "Algorithm"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#Data rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; rdfs:comment "Data is a data item composed of data examples and it may be of a various level of granularity and complexity. With regard to granularity, it can be a whole dataset (for instance, one main table and possibly other tables), or only a single table, or only a feature (e.g., a column of a table), or only an instance (e.g., row of a table), or a single feature-value pair. With regard to complexity, data examples are characterized by their datatype, which may be arbitrarily complex (e.g., instead of a table it can be an arbitrary graph)."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://ml-schema.github.io/documentation/ML%20Schema.html#d4e160"@en ; rdfs:label "Data"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#DataCharacteristic rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Data Characteristic is a distinguishing quality or property that distinguish one data from another. Such characteristics are often statistical ones (e.g., the number of instances or the number of features of a data set). They may be also informationtheoretic measures (e.g., class entropy of a categorical data set) or geometric measures of data complexity (e.g., the highest discriminatory power of any single feature in the data set)."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://ml-schema.github.io/documentation/ML%20Schema.html#d4e183"@en ; rdfs:label "DataCharacteristic"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#Dataset rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://ml-schema.github.io/documentation/ML%20Schema.html#d4e197"@en ; rdfs:label "Dataset"@en ; skos:definition "A collection of data, published or curated by a single source, and available for access or download in one or more representations."@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#EvaluationMeasure rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; dc:creator "russo"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:comment "EvaluationMeasure is a measure to assess the performance of the model generated by the process that realizes the task. Examples are predictive accuracy or f-measure."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://ml-schema.github.io/documentation/ML%20Schema.html#d4e197"@en ; rdfs:label "EvaluationMeasure"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#EvaluationProcedure rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "EvaluationProcedure is a technique to evaluate machine learning models. Examples are cross-validation and leave-one-out."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://ml-schema.github.io/documentation/ML%20Schema.html#d4e197"@en ; rdfs:label "EvaluationProcedure" . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#EvaluationSpecification rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; rdfs:comment "EvaluationSpecification is a specification of an evaluation measure and an evaluation procedure to assess the performance of the process that realizes the task."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://ml-schema.github.io/documentation/ML%20Schema.html#d4e197"@en ; rdfs:label "EvaluationSpecification"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#Experiment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; rdfs:comment "The training process of fake news detection model consists of several experiments that are subclasses of the Process and they are part of a Study(research project). Each Experiment is done for a specific goal decided by the study it is part of."@en ; rdfs:label "Experiment" . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#Feature rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://ml-schema.github.io/documentation/ML%20Schema.html#d4e197"@en ; rdfs:label "Feature"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#Implementation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://ml-schema.github.io/documentation/ML%20Schema.html#d4e197"@en ; rdfs:label "Implementation"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#InformationEntity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; rdfs:label "InformationEntity"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#Model rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasOutput ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; rdfs:comment "Model is a generalization of a set of training data able to predict values for unseen instances. It is an output from an execution of a data mining algorithm implementation. Models have a dual nature. They can be treated as data structures and as such represented, stored and manipulated. On the other hand, they act as functions and are executed, taking as input data examples and giving as output the result of applying the function to a data example. Models can also be divided into global or local ones. A global model has global coverage of a data set, i.e., it generalizes the whole data set. A local model, such as a pattern set, is a set of local hypotheses, i.e. each applies to a limited region of the data set."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://ml-schema.github.io/documentation/ML%20Schema.html#d4e197"@en ; rdfs:label "Model"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#ModelEvaluation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDocumentationType ; owl:someValuesFrom :LearningDocumentation ] ; rdfs:comment "ModelEvaluation is a setting of a value of the performance measure specified by the evaluation specification. It connects a measure specification with its value."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://ml-schema.github.io/documentation/ML%20Schema.html#d4e197"@en ; rdfs:label "ModelEvaluation"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#Process rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; rdfs:comment "This class represents the process followed in a classification problem using a particular machine learning model."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://ml-schema.github.io/documentation/ML%20Schema.html#d4e197"@en ; rdfs:label "Process" . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#Run rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasOutput ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasOutput ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; rdfs:comment "Run is an execution of an implementation on a machine (computer). It is limited in time (has a start and end point), can be successful or failed."@en ; rdfs:label "Run" . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#Study rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; rdfs:comment "Study is a collection of runs that belong together to do some kind of analysis on its results. This analysis can be general or very specific (e.g. a hypothesis test). Can be linked to files, data, that belong to it."@en ; rdfs:label "Study" . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#Task rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; rdfs:comment "Task is a formal description of a process that needs to be completed (e.g. based on inputs and outputs). A Task is any piece of work that needs to be addressed in the data mining process. In ML Schema, it is defined based on data."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://ml-schema.github.io/documentation/ML%20Schema.html#d4e197"@en ; rdfs:label "Task"@en . ### http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person foaf:Person rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; rdfs:comment "Represents the creator of the dataset."@en ; rdfs:label "Creator"@en . ### http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/#term_Document rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; rdfs:comment "Scholarly document that represents the provenance where the bias measure has been defined."@en ; rdfs:label "ScholarlyDocument"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Age :Age rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DemographicDimension . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/AgeBias :AgeBias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DemographyBias ; rdfs:label "Age Bias"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Aggregation_Bias :Aggregation_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://doi.org/10.1145/3457607"@en ; rdfs:label "Aggregation Bias"@en ; skos:definition """Arises when false conclusions are drawn about individuals from observing the entire population."""@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Algorithmic_Bias :Algorithmic_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://doi.org/10.1145/3457607"@en ; rdfs:label "Algorithmic Bias"@en ; skos:definition """Algorithmic bias is when the bias is not present in the input data and is added purely by the algorithm"""@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Alienation :Alienation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Harm ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2/2092?utm_source=scholarworks.umass.edu%2Fdissertations_2%2F2092&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages"@en ; rdfs:label "Alienation"@en ; skos:definition "Denial of the relevance of socially meaningful categories."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Application :Application rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; owl:disjointWith :Bias ; rdfs:label "Application"@en ; skos:definition "The use, purpose or appliation of artificial intelligence technology."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Bias :Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasBiasMeasure ; owl:someValuesFrom :BiasMeasure ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAlignedWith ; owl:someValuesFrom :Harm ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAssociatedTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :Application ] ; owl:disjointWith :BiasMeasure , :Harm ; dc:citation "Pitoura, E. 2020. Social-minded Measures of Data Quality: Fairness, Diversity, and Lack of Bias. J. Data and Information Quality 12, 3, Article 12 (July 2020), 8 pages."@en ; rdfs:label "Bias"@en ; skos:definition "A concentration on, or interest in one particular area, or subject."@en , "Bias is an inclination, or prejudice for, or against one person, or group, especially in a way considered to be unfair."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/BiasDocumentation :BiasDocumentation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DocumentationType ; rdfs:label "BiasDocumentation"@en , "This class represents the stage in the documentation pipeline that pertains to the capture of bias knowledge."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/BiasEvaluation :BiasEvaluation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; rdfs:comment "This class represents the Evaluation property."@en ; rdfs:label "BiasEvaluation"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/BiasMeasure :BiasMeasure rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/CrowdsourcingApplication :CrowdsourcingApplication rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Application . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/DataCleaning :DataCleaning rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pre-processing ; rdfs:comment "method used for data cleaning" ; rdfs:label "DataCleaning"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/DataIntegration :DataIntegration rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pre-processing ; rdfs:comment "method used for data integration" ; rdfs:label "DataIntegration"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/DataTransformation :DataTransformation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pre-processing ; rdfs:comment "method used for data transformation" ; rdfs:label "DataTransformation"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/DatarReduction :DatarReduction rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pre-processing ; rdfs:comment "method used for data reduction" ; rdfs:label "DataReduction"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/DatasetDocumentation :DatasetDocumentation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DocumentationType ; rdfs:label "DatasetDocumentation"@en , "This class represents the stage in the documentation pipeline that pertains to the capture of knowledge and metadata pertaining to the dataset."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Dehumanization :Dehumanization rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Harm ; rdfs:label "Dehumanization"@en ; skos:definition "The viewing and the treatment of other people as though they lack the mental capacities that are commonly attributed to human beings."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/DemographicDimension :DemographicDimension rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "An identity axis (e.g., gender, race, age) for which specific instances (e.g., for gender: male, female, non-binary, etc) are evaluated. Instances of a demographic dimension are typically comparatively evaluated in measures through some proxy, e.g., occupations or identity terms."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy """On Measures of Biases and Harms in NLP,https://aclanthology.org/2022.findings-aacl.24, Dev et al., Findings 2022"""@en ; rdfs:label "DemographicDimension"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/DemographyBias :DemographyBias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAlignedWith ; owl:someValuesFrom :Dehumanization ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAlignedWith ; owl:someValuesFrom :Stereotyping ] ; rdfs:label "Demography Bias"@en ; skos:definition "Engaging in discriminatory behavior, holding negative attitudes toward, or otherwise having less favorable reactions toward people based on a demographic factor."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Denigration :Denigration rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Harm ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2/2092?utm_source=scholarworks.umass.edu%2Fdissertations_2%2F2092&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages"@en ; rdfs:label "Denigration"@en ; skos:definition "A harm that arises when a system applies a label that has a long history of being purposefully used to denigrate and demean people."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/DirectDiscrimination :DirectDiscrimination rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnexplainableDiscrimination ; rdfs:label "Direct Discrimination"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Discrimination :Discrimination rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://doi.org/10.1145/3457607"@en ; rdfs:label "Discrimination"@en ; skos:definition "Discrimination can be considered as a source for unfairness that is due to human prejudice and stereotyping based on the sensitive attributes, which may happen intentionally or unintentionally."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Disparagement :Disparagement rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Harm ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://aclanthology.org/2022.findings-aacl.24"@en ; rdfs:label "Disparagement"@en ; skos:definition "Disparagement encapsulates any behaviour by a model which reinforces the notion that certain groups are less valuable than others and less deserving of respect or resources."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/DocumentationType :DocumentationType rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; rdfs:comment "This class represents the stage in the documentation pipeline."@en ; rdfs:label "DocumentationType"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Erasure :Erasure rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass :SocialInvisibility ; rdfs:subClassOf :Harm ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://aclanthology.org/2022.findings-aacl.24"@en ; rdfs:label "Erasure"@en ; skos:definition "Erasure or social invisibility refers to a group of people in society that can be excluded or systematically ignored from resource allocation procedures or decision-making processes due to data collection practices or historical record keeping."@en , "Erasure refers to the lack of adequate representation of members of a particular social group, intentional or not."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/EthnicityBias :EthnicityBias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DemographyBias ; rdfs:label "Ethnicity Bias"@en ; skos:definition "When models are partial towards certain ethnicity."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/ExplainableDiscrimination :ExplainableDiscrimination rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discrimination ; rdfs:label "Explainable Discrimination"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/ExtrinsicBias :ExtrinsicBias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:label "Extrinsic Bias"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/GenderBias :GenderBias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:label "Gender Bias" ; skos:definition "Gender bias is the tendency to give preferential treatment to one gender over another."@en ; skos:note """Identification as male/masculine, female/feminine or something else, and association with a (social) role or set of behavioral and cultural traits, clothing, etc; a category to which a person belongs on this basis. Gender is the result of a complex combination of gender role, gender expression, gender identity, and gender modality. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17357"""@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/GenderBiasMeasure :GenderBiasMeasure rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocioDemographicBiasMeasure ; rdfs:label "Gender Bias Measure"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Harm :Harm rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; rdfs:isDefinedBy """Renee Shelby, Shalaleh Rismani, Kathryn Henne, AJung Moon, Negar Rostamzadeh, Paul Nicholas, N’Mah Yilla-Akbari, Jess Gallegos, Andrew Smart, Emilio Garcia, and Gurleen Virk. 2023. Sociotechnical Harms of Algorithmic Systems: Scoping a Taxonomy for Harm Reduction. In AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society (AIES ’23). August 8–10, 2023, Montréal,QC, Canada."""@en ; rdfs:label "Harm"@en ; skos:definition "Adverse lived experiences resulting from an AI system’s deployment and operation in the world."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/HatespeechDetection :HatespeechDetection rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialNLPModel ; rdfs:label "HatespeechDetection"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Homophily :Homophily rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAssociatedTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :RecommenderSystem ] ; rdfs:comment "Predominantly, studied in the context of social network structure and the output of ranking algorithms."@en ; rdfs:label "Homophily"@en ; skos:definition "The tendency to connect to similar users or people as oneself."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/IndirectDiscrimination :IndirectDiscrimination rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnexplainableDiscrimination ; rdfs:label "Indirect Discrimination"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/InductiveBias :InductiveBias rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass :LearningBias ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:label "Inductive Bias"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/IntrinsicBias :IntrinsicBias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:label "Intrinsic Bias"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/LearningBias :LearningBias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:label "Learning Bias"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/LearningDocumentation :LearningDocumentation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DocumentationType ; rdfs:comment "This class represents the stage in the documentation pipeline that pertains to the capture of knowledge and metadata pertaining to the learning and training process."@en ; rdfs:label "LearningDocumentation"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/LinkingBiasMeasure :LinkingBiasMeasure rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiasMeasure ; rdfs:label "Linking Bias Measure"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Longitudinal_Data_Fallacy :Longitudinal_Data_Fallacy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://doi.org/10.1145/3457607"@en ; rdfs:label "Longitudinal Data Fallacy"@en ; skos:definition """Researchers analyzing temporal data must use longitudinal analysis to track cohorts over time to learn their behavior. Instead, temporal data is often modeled using cross-sectional analysis, which combines diverse cohorts at a single time point. The heterogeneous cohorts can bias cross-sectional analysis, leading to different conclusions than longitudinal analysis."""@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/MachineTranslation :MachineTranslation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialNLPModel ; rdfs:comment "Automatically translate spoken language and textual content."@en ; rdfs:label "MachineTranslation"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/MeasuresBiasIn :MeasuresBiasIn rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDocumentationType ; owl:someValuesFrom :DocumentationType ] ; rdfs:label "MeasuresBiasIn"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Modifiable_Areal_Unit_Problem :Modifiable_Areal_Unit_Problem rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://doi.org/10.1145/3457607"@en ; rdfs:label "Modifiable Areal Unit Problem"@en ; skos:definition "A statistical bias in geospatial analysis, which arises when modeling data at different levels of spatial aggregation. This bias results in different trends learned when data is aggregated at different spatial scales."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/NamedEntityRecognitionSystem :NamedEntityRecognitionSystem rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialNLPModel ; rdfs:label "NamedEntityRecognitionSystem"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/NationalityBias :NationalityBias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAssociatedTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :SocialNLPModel ] ; rdfs:label "Nationality Bias"@en ; skos:definition "Engaging in discriminatory behavior, holding negative attitudes toward, or otherwise having less favorable reactions toward people based on their nationality."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/NationalityBiasMeasure :NationalityBiasMeasure rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocioDemographicBiasMeasure , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :measures ; owl:someValuesFrom :NationalityBias ] ; rdfs:label "Nationality Bias Measure"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Omitted_Variable_Bias :Omitted_Variable_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://doi.org/10.1145/3457607"@en ; rdfs:label "Omitted Variable Bias"@en ; skos:definition "Occurs when one or more important variables are left out of the model."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/PopularityBiasMeasure :PopularityBiasMeasure rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiasMeasure ; rdfs:label "Popularity Bias Measure"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Pre-processing :Pre-processing rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; rdfs:comment "Pre-processing class defines the method by which Pre-procesing is done. Typically it stores the files used for data pre-processing. There are many ways to do pre-processing like data reduction, data cleaning, data integration and data transformation which are the subclasses of Pre-processing class." ; rdfs:label "DataPre-processing"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/ProxyDiscrimination :ProxyDiscrimination rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discrimination ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "Niki Kilbertus, Mateo Rojas Carulla, Giambattista Parascandolo, Moritz Hardt, Dominik Janzing, and Bernhard Schölkopf. 2017. Avoiding discrimination through causal reasoning. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems."@en ; rdfs:label "Proxy Discrimination"@en ; skos:definition "A variable V in a causal graph exhibits potential proxy discrimination, if there exists a directed path from A to V that is blocked by a proxy variable and V itself is not a proxy."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/PublicParticipation :PublicParticipation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Harm ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2/2092?utm_source=scholarworks.umass.edu%2Fdissertations_2%2F2092&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages"@en ; rdfs:label "PublicParticipation"@en ; skos:definition "When athe implementation of a systems results in diminishing the ability of a particular population to participate in public discourse."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/QualityOfService :QualityOfService rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Harm ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://aclanthology.org/2022.findings-aacl.24"@en ; rdfs:label "QualityOfService"@en ; skos:definition "Quality of service harms result from instances when a model fails to perform equitably for different groups."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/RaceBias :RaceBias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DemographyBias ; rdfs:label "Race Bias"@en ; skos:altLabel "Racism"@en ; skos:definition "When models are biased against certain races."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Ranking_Bias :Ranking_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :associatedTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :CrowdsourcingApplication ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :associatedTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :RecommenderSystem ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :associatedTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :SearchEngine ] ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://doi.org/10.1145/3457607"@en ; rdfs:label "Ranking Bias"@en ; skos:definition """The idea that top-ranked results are the most relevant and important will result in attraction of more clicks than others."""@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/RecommenderSystem :RecommenderSystem rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Application ; rdfs:comment "Recommender system's are widely used in e-commerce platforms, i.e., Amazon, Netflix, to generate product or content recommendations."@en ; rdfs:label "RecommenderSystem"@en ; skos:definition "A recommendation system is developed with the objective of predicting the preference of a system's user for a particular item."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/ReportingBias :ReportingBias rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://doi.org/10.1145/3457607"@en ; rdfs:label "Reporting Bias"@en ; skos:definition "Arises from how we choose, utilize, and measure particular features"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Representation :Representation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Harm ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2/2092?utm_source=scholarworks.umass.edu%2Fdissertations_2%2F2092&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages"@en ; rdfs:label "Representation"@en ; skos:definition "Those harms which arise when a system represents some social groups in a less favorable light than others, demeans them, or fails to recognize their existence altogether."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/RepresentationBiasMeasure :RepresentationBiasMeasure rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiasMeasure , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :measures ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; rdfs:label "Representation Bias Measure"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/SearchEngine :SearchEngine rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Application . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Self-SelectionBias :Self-SelectionBias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:label "Self-SelectionBias"@en ; skos:definition "When the sampling method only reaches a portion of the population or the population of interest has changed or is distinct from the population used during model training."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Sex_Bias :Sex_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DemographyBias ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexism"@en ; rdfs:label "Sex bias"@en ; skos:altLabel "Sexism"@en ; skos:definition "Prejudice or discrimination based on one's sex or gender."@en ; skos:note """Sex is, according to medical databases, classification of studied subjects as male or female according to their reproductive organs and functions assigned by sets of chromosomes. Sex is related to reproductive organs anatomy and physiology. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C28421"""@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/SimpsonsParadoxMeasure :SimpsonsParadoxMeasure rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiasMeasure ; rdfs:label "Simpsons Paradox Measure"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/SocialInvisibility :SocialInvisibility rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Harm ; rdfs:label "SocialInvisibility"@en ; skos:definition "Erasure or social invisibility refers to a group of people in society that can be excluded or systematically ignored from resource allocation procedures or decision-making processes due to data collection practices or historical record keeping."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/SocialNLPModel :SocialNLPModel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Application ; rdfs:comment "NLP tasks break down human text and voice data to support the ability of computers to make sense of what it is ingesting."@en ; rdfs:label "SocialNLPLModel"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/SocioDemographicBiasMeasure :SocioDemographicBiasMeasure rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiasMeasure ; rdfs:label "Socio-Demographic Bias Measure"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/StatisticalDiscrimination :StatisticalDiscrimination rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discrimination ; rdfs:label "Statistical Discrimination"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Stereotyping :Stereotyping rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Harm ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://aclanthology.org/2022.findings-aacl.24"@en ; rdfs:label "Stereotyping"@en ; skos:definition "Stereotypes are overgeneralized beliefs about the personal attributes of an individual as determined by their demographic group membership."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Stigmatization :Stigmatization rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Harm ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2/2092?utm_source=scholarworks.umass.edu%2Fdissertations_2%2F2092&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages"@en ; rdfs:label "Stigmatization"@en ; skos:definition "When systems e.g., NLP systems, treat some language varieties or practices as less grammatical, more offensive, or less appropriate for public consumption in comparison to others. This reproduces dominant language ideolegies."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/SystemicDiscrimination :SystemicDiscrimination rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discrimination ; rdfs:label "Systemic Discrimination"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/UnderlyingDistributionSkewMeasure :UnderlyingDistributionSkewMeasure rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :RepresentationBiasMeasure . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Underlying_Distribution_Skew :Underlying_Distribution_Skew rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:label "UnderlyingDistributionSkew"@en ; skos:definition "The underlying distribution that data is collected from may lack an equal ratio or sufficient representation for all of its subpopulations. In such cases, the underlying distribution is inherently skewed, and there are no discriminatory motives behind it."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/UnexplainableDiscrimination :UnexplainableDiscrimination rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discrimination ; rdfs:label "Unexplainable Discrimination"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/UnresolvedDiscrimination :UnresolvedDiscrimination rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discrimination ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "Niki Kilbertus, Mateo Rojas Carulla, Giambattista Parascandolo, Moritz Hardt, Dominik Janzing, and Bernhard Schölkopf. 2017. Avoiding discrimination through causal reasoning. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems."@en ; rdfs:label "Unresolved Discrimination"@en ; skos:definition "A variable V in a causal graph exhibits unresolved discrimination if there exists a directed path from A to V that is not blocked by a resolving variable, and V itself is non-resolving"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/UserInterface :UserInterface rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Application . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Activity_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "A type of selection bias that occurs when systems/platforms get their training data from their most active users, rather than those less active (or inactive)."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Activity Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "A type of selection bias that occurs when systems/platforms get their training data from their most active users, rather than those less active (or inactive)."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Amplification_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Arises when the distribution over prediction outputs is skewed in comparison to the prior distribution of the prediction target."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Amplification Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Arises when the distribution over prediction outputs is skewed in comparison to the prior distribution of the prediction target."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Anchoring_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "A cognitive bias, the influence of a particular reference point or anchor on people’s decisions. Often more fully referred to as anchoring-and-adjustment, or anchoring-and-adjusting: after an anchor is set, people adjust insufficiently from that anchor point to arrive at a final answer. Decision makers are biased towards an initially presented value."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Anchoring Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "A cognitive bias, the influence of a particular reference point or anchor on people’s decisions. Often more fully referred to as anchoring-and-adjustment, or anchoring-and-adjusting: after an anchor is set, people adjust insufficiently from that anchor point to arrive at a final answer. Decision makers are biased towards an initially presented value."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Annotator_Reporting_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "When users rely on automation as a heuristic replacement for their own information seeking and processing. A form of individual bias but often discussed as a group bias, or the larger effects on natural language processing models."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Annotator Reporting Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "When users rely on automation as a heuristic replacement for their own information seeking and processing. A form of individual bias but often discussed as a group bias, or the larger effects on natural language processing models."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Automation_Complacency_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "When humans over-rely on automated systems or have their skills attenuated by such over-reliance (e.g., spelling and autocorrect or spellcheckers)."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "Automation Complaceny"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Automation Complacency Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "When humans over-rely on automated systems or have their skills attenuated by such over-reliance (e.g., spelling and autocorrect or spellcheckers)."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Availability_Heuristic_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "A mental shortcut whereby people tend to overweight what comes easily or quickly to mind, meaning that what is easier to recall—e.g., more “available”—receives greater emphasis in judgement and decision-making."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "Availability Bias"^^xsd:string , "Availability Heuristic"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Availability Heuristic Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "A mental shortcut whereby people tend to overweight what comes easily or quickly to mind, meaning that what is easier to recall—e.g., more “available”—receives greater emphasis in judgement and decision-making."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Behavioral_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Systematic distortions in user behavior across platforms or contexts, or across users represented in different datasets."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Behavioral Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Systematic distortions in user behavior across platforms or contexts, or across users represented in different datasets."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Bias"^^xsd:string . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Cognitive_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "A broad term referring generally to a systematic pattern of deviation from rational judgement and decision-making. A large variety of cognitive biases have been identified over many decades of research in judgement and decision-making, some of which are adaptive mental shortcuts known as heuristics."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Cognitive Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "A broad term referring generally to a systematic pattern of deviation from rational judgement and decision-making. A large variety of cognitive biases have been identified over many decades of research in judgement and decision-making, some of which are adaptive mental shortcuts known as heuristics."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Computational_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bias ; obo:IAO_0000115 "A systematic tendency which causes differences between results and facts. The bias exists in numbers of the process of data analysis, including the source of the data, the estimator chosen, and the ways the data was analyzed."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "Statistical Bias"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Computational Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "A systematic tendency which causes differences between results and facts. The bias exists in numbers of the process of data analysis, including the source of the data, the estimator chosen, and the ways the data was analyzed."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias_(statistics)"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Concept_Drift_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Use of a system outside the planned domain of application, and a common cause of performance gaps between laboratory settings and the real world."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "Concept Drift"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Concept Drift Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Use of a system outside the planned domain of application, and a common cause of performance gaps between laboratory settings and the real world."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Confirmation_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "A cognitive bias where people tend to prefer information that aligns with, or confirms, their existing beliefs. People can exhibit confirmation bias in the search for, interpretation of, and recall of information. In the famous Wason selection task experiments, participants repeatedly showed a preference for confirmation over falsification. They were tasked with identifying an underlying rule that applied to number triples they were shown, and they overwhelmingly tested triples that confirmed rather than falsified their hypothesized rule."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Confirmation Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "A cognitive bias where people tend to prefer information that aligns with, or confirms, their existing beliefs. People can exhibit confirmation bias in the search for, interpretation of, and recall of information. In the famous Wason selection task experiments, participants repeatedly showed a preference for confirmation over falsification. They were tasked with identifying an underlying rule that applied to number triples they were shown, and they overwhelmingly tested triples that confirmed rather than falsified their hypothesized rule."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Consumer_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Arises when an algorithm or platform provides users with a new venue within which to express their biases, and may occur from either side, or party, in a digital interaction.."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Consumer Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Arises when an algorithm or platform provides users with a new venue within which to express their biases, and may occur from either side, or party, in a digital interaction.."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Content_Production_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Arises from structural, lexical, semantic, and syntactic differences in the contents generated by users."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Content Production Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Arises from structural, lexical, semantic, and syntactic differences in the contents generated by users."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Data_Dredging_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "A statistical bias in which testing huge numbers of hypotheses of a dataset may appear to yield statistical significance even when the results are statistically nonsignificant."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "Data Dredging"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Data Dredging Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "A statistical bias in which testing huge numbers of hypotheses of a dataset may appear to yield statistical significance even when the results are statistically nonsignificant."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Data_Generation_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Arises from the addition of synthetic or redundant data samples to a dataset."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Data Generation Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Arises from the addition of synthetic or redundant data samples to a dataset."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Deployment_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Arises when systems are used as decision aids for humans, since the human intermediary may act on predictions in ways that are typically not modeled in the system. However, it is still individuals using the deployed system."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Deployment Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Arises when systems are used as decision aids for humans, since the human intermediary may act on predictions in ways that are typically not modeled in the system. However, it is still individuals using the deployed system."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Detection_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Systematic differences between groups in how outcomes are determined and may cause an over- or underestimation of the size of the effect."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Detection Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Systematic differences between groups in how outcomes are determined and may cause an over- or underestimation of the size of the effect."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Dunning-Kruger_Effect_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "The tendency of people with low ability in a given area or task to overestimate their self-assessed ability. Typically measured by comparing self-assessment with objective performance, often called subjective ability and objective ability, respectively."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "Dunning-Kruger Effect"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Dunning-Kruger Effect Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "The tendency of people with low ability in a given area or task to overestimate their self-assessed ability. Typically measured by comparing self-assessment with objective performance, often called subjective ability and objective ability, respectively."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Ecological_Fallacy_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Occurs when an inference is made about an individual based on their membership within a group."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "Ecological Fallacy"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Ecological Fallacy Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Occurs when an inference is made about an individual based on their membership within a group."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Emergent_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :associatedTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :UserInterface ] ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Emergent bias is the result of the use and reliance on algorithms across new or unanticipated contexts."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Emergent Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Emergent bias is the result of the use and reliance on algorithms across new or unanticipated contexts."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Error_Propagation_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "The effect of variables' uncertainties (or errors, more specifically random errors) on the uncertainty of a function based on them."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "Error Propagation"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Error Propagation Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "The effect of variables' uncertainties (or errors, more specifically random errors) on the uncertainty of a function based on them."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Evaluation_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Arises when the testing or external benchmark populations do not equally represent the various parts of the user population or from the use of performance metrics that are not appropriate for the way in which the model will be used."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Evaluation Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Arises when the testing or external benchmark populations do not equally represent the various parts of the user population or from the use of performance metrics that are not appropriate for the way in which the model will be used."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Exclusion_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "When specific groups of user populations are excluded from testing and subsequent analyses."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Exclusion Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "When specific groups of user populations are excluded from testing and subsequent analyses."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Feedback_Loop_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Effects that may occur when an algorithm learns from user behavior and feeds that behavior back into the model."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Feedback Loop Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Effects that may occur when an algorithm learns from user behavior and feeds that behavior back into the model."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Funding_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Arises when biased results are reported in order to support or satisfy the funding agency or financial supporter of the research study, but it can also be the individual researcher."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Funding Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Arises when biased results are reported in order to support or satisfy the funding agency or financial supporter of the research study, but it can also be the individual researcher."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Group_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "A pattern of favoring members of one's in-group over out-group members. This can be expressed in evaluation of others, in allocation of resources, and in many other ways."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "In-group Favoritism"^^xsd:string , "In-group bias"^^xsd:string , "In-group preference"^^xsd:string , "In-group–out-group Bias"^^xsd:string , "Intergroup bias"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Group Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "A pattern of favoring members of one's in-group over out-group members. This can be expressed in evaluation of others, in allocation of resources, and in many other ways."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-group_favoritism"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Groupthink_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "A psychological phenomenon that occurs when people in a group tend to make non-optimal decisions based on their desire to conform to the group, or fear of dissenting with the group. In groupthink, individuals often refrain from expressing their personal disagreement with the group, hesitating to voice opinions that do not align with the group."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "Groupthink"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Groupthink Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "A psychological phenomenon that occurs when people in a group tend to make non-optimal decisions based on their desire to conform to the group, or fear of dissenting with the group. In groupthink, individuals often refrain from expressing their personal disagreement with the group, hesitating to voice opinions that do not align with the group."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Historical_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Referring to the long-standing biases encoded in society over time. Related to, but distinct from, biases in historical description, or the interpretation, analysis, and explanation of history. A common example of historical bias is the tendency to view the larger world from a Western or European view."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Historical Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Referring to the long-standing biases encoded in society over time. Related to, but distinct from, biases in historical description, or the interpretation, analysis, and explanation of history. A common example of historical bias is the tendency to view the larger world from a Western or European view."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Hostile_Attribution_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "A bias wherein individuals perceive benign or ambiguous behaviors as hostile."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Hostile Attribution Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "A bias wherein individuals perceive benign or ambiguous behaviors as hostile."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretive_bias"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Human_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bias ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Systematic errors in human thought based on a limited number of heuristic principles and predicting values to simpler judgmental operations."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Human Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Systematic errors in human thought based on a limited number of heuristic principles and predicting values to simpler judgmental operations."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Human_Reporting_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "When users rely on automation as a heuristic replacement for their own information seeking and processing."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Human Reporting Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "When users rely on automation as a heuristic replacement for their own information seeking and processing."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Implicit_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "An unconscious belief, attitude, feeling, association, or stereotype that can affect the way in which humans process information, make decisions, and take actions."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "Confirmatory Bias"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Implicit Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "An unconscious belief, attitude, feeling, association, or stereotype that can affect the way in which humans process information, make decisions, and take actions."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Individual_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Individual bias is a persistent point of view or limited list of such points of view that one applies (\"parent\", \"academic\", \"professional\", or etc.)."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Individual Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Individual bias is a persistent point of view or limited list of such points of view that one applies (\"parent\", \"academic\", \"professional\", or etc.)."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://develop.consumerium.org/wiki/Individual_bias"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Inherited_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Arises when applications that are built with machine Learning are used to generate inputs for other machine Learning algorithms. If the output is biased in any way, this bias may be inherited by systems using the output as input to learn other models."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Inherited Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Arises when applications that are built with machine Learning are used to generate inputs for other machine Learning algorithms. If the output is biased in any way, this bias may be inherited by systems using the output as input to learn other models."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Institutional_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "In contrast to biases exhibited at the level of individual persons, institutional bias refers to a tendency exhibited at the level of entire institutions, where practices or norms result in the favoring or disadvantaging of certain social groups. Common examples include institutional racism and institutional sexism."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Institutional Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "In contrast to biases exhibited at the level of individual persons, institutional bias refers to a tendency exhibited at the level of entire institutions, where practices or norms result in the favoring or disadvantaging of certain social groups. Common examples include institutional racism and institutional sexism."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Interpretation_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "A form of information processing bias that can occur when users interpret algorithmic outputs according to their internalized biases and views."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Interpretation Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "A form of information processing bias that can occur when users interpret algorithmic outputs according to their internalized biases and views."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Linking_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Arises when network attributes obtained from user connections, activities, or interactions differ and misrepresent the true behavior of the users."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Linking Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Arises when network attributes obtained from user connections, activities, or interactions differ and misrepresent the true behavior of the users."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Loss_Of_Situational_Awareness_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "When automation leads to humans being unaware of their situation such that, when control of a system is given back to them in a situation where humans and machines cooperate, they are unprepared to assume their duties. This can be a loss of awareness over what automation is and isn’t taking care of."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Loss Of Situational Awareness Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "When automation leads to humans being unaware of their situation such that, when control of a system is given back to them in a situation where humans and machines cooperate, they are unprepared to assume their duties. This can be a loss of awareness over what automation is and isn’t taking care of."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Measurement_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Arises when features and labels are proxies for desired quantities, potentially leaving out important factors or introducing group or input-dependent noise that leads to differential performance."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Measurement Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Arises when features and labels are proxies for desired quantities, potentially leaving out important factors or introducing group or input-dependent noise that leads to differential performance."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Mode_Confusion_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "When modal interfaces confuse human operators, who misunderstand which mode the system is using, taking actions which are correct for a different mode but incorrect for their current situation. This is the cause of many deadly accidents, but also a source of confusion in everyday life."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Mode Confusion Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "When modal interfaces confuse human operators, who misunderstand which mode the system is using, taking actions which are correct for a different mode but incorrect for their current situation. This is the cause of many deadly accidents, but also a source of confusion in everyday life."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Model_Selection_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "The bias introduced while using the data to select a single seemingly “best” model from a large set of models employing many predictor variables. Model selection bias also occurs when an explanatory variable has a weak relationship with the response variable."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Model Selection Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "The bias introduced while using the data to select a single seemingly “best” model from a large set of models employing many predictor variables. Model selection bias also occurs when an explanatory variable has a weak relationship with the response variable."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Popularity_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :associatedTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :RecommenderSystem ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :associatedTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :SearchEngine ] ; obo:IAO_0000115 "A form of selection bias that occurs when items that are more popular are more exposed and less popular items are under-represented."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:comment "When collaborative filtering recommenders typically emphasize popular items (those with more ratings) over other “long-tail”, less popular ones that may only be popular among small groups of users."@en ; rdfs:label "Popularity Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "A form of selection bias that occurs when items that are more popular are more exposed and less popular items are under-represented."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Population_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "A form of selection bias that occurs when items that are more popular are more exposed and less popular items are under-represented. Systematic distortions in demographics or other user characteristics between a population of users represented in a dataset or on a platform and some target population."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:comment """Population bias arises when statistics, demographics, representatives, and user characteristics are different in the user population of the platform from the original target population"""@en ; rdfs:label "Population Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "A form of selection bias that occurs when items that are more popular are more exposed and less popular items are under-represented. Systematic distortions in demographics or other user characteristics between a population of users represented in a dataset or on a platform and some target population."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Presentation_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Biases arising from how information is presented on the Web, via a user interface, due to rating or ranking of output, or through users’ own self-selected, biased interaction."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Presentation Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Biases arising from how information is presented on the Web, via a user interface, due to rating or ranking of output, or through users’ own self-selected, biased interaction."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Processing_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Judgement modulated by affect, which is influenced by the level of efficacy and efficiency in information processing; in cognitive sciences, processing bias is often referred to as an aesthetic judgement."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "Validation Bias"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Processing Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Judgement modulated by affect, which is influenced by the level of efficacy and efficiency in information processing; in cognitive sciences, processing bias is often referred to as an aesthetic judgement."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2019.0165#d1e5237"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Ranking_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "The idea that top-ranked results are the most relevant and important and will result in more clicks than other results."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Ranking Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "The idea that top-ranked results are the most relevant and important and will result in more clicks than other results."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Rashomon_Effect_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Refers to differences in perspective, memory and recall, interpretation, and reporting on the same event from multiple persons or witnesses."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "Rashomon Effect"^^xsd:string , "Rashomon Principle"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Rashomon Effect Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Refers to differences in perspective, memory and recall, interpretation, and reporting on the same event from multiple persons or witnesses."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Representation_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Arises due to non-random sampling of subgroups, causing trends estimated for one population to not be generalizable to data collected from a new population."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Representation Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Arises due to non-random sampling of subgroups, causing trends estimated for one population to not be generalizable to data collected from a new population."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Selection_And_Sampling_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Bias introduced by the selection of individuals, groups, or data for analysis in such a way that proper randomization is not achieved, thereby failing to ensure that the sample obtained is representative of the population intended to be analyzed."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "Sampling Bias"^^xsd:string , "Selection Bias"^^xsd:string , "Selection Effect"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:comment """When the sampling method only reaches a portion of the population or the population of interest has changed or is distinct from the population used during model training. https://doi.org/10.1145/3588433"""@en ; rdfs:label "Selection And Sampling Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Bias introduced by the selection of individuals, groups, or data for analysis in such a way that proper randomization is not achieved, thereby failing to ensure that the sample obtained is representative of the population intended to be analyzed."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_bias"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Selective_Adherence_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Decision-makers’ inclination to selectively adopt algorithmic advice when it matches their pre-existing beliefs and stereotypes."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Selective Adherence Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Decision-makers’ inclination to selectively adopt algorithmic advice when it matches their pre-existing beliefs and stereotypes."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Societal_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Can be positive or negative, and take a number of different forms, but is typically characterized as being for or against groups or individuals based on social identities, demographic factors, or immutable physical characteristics. Societal or social biases are often stereotypes. Common examples of societal or social biases are based on concepts like race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, education, and more. Societal bias is often recognized and discussed in the context of NLP (Natural Language Processing) models."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "Social Bias"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Societal Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Can be positive or negative, and take a number of different forms, but is typically characterized as being for or against groups or individuals based on social identities, demographic factors, or immutable physical characteristics. Societal or social biases are often stereotypes. Common examples of societal or social biases are based on concepts like race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, education, and more. Societal bias is often recognized and discussed in the context of NLP (Natural Language Processing) models."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Streetlight_Effect_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "A bias whereby people tend to search only where it is easiest to look."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "Streetlight Effect"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Streetlight Effect Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "A bias whereby people tend to search only where it is easiest to look."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Sunk_Cost_Fallacy_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "A human tendency where people opt to continue with an endeavor or behavior due to previously spent or invested resources, such as money, time, and effort, regardless of whether costs outweigh benefits. For example, in AI, the sunk cost fallacy could lead development teams and organizations to feel that because they have already invested so much time and money into a particular AI application, they must pursue it to market rather than deciding to end the effort, even in the face of significant technical debt and/or ethical debt."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "Sunk Cost Fallacy"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Sunk Cost Fallacy Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "A human tendency where people opt to continue with an endeavor or behavior due to previously spent or invested resources, such as money, time, and effort, regardless of whether costs outweigh benefits. For example, in AI, the sunk cost fallacy could lead development teams and organizations to feel that because they have already invested so much time and money into a particular AI application, they must pursue it to market rather than deciding to end the effort, even in the face of significant technical debt and/or ethical debt."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Survivorship_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Tendency for people to focus on the items, observations, or people that “survive” or make it past a selection process, while overlooking those that did not."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Survivorship Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Tendency for people to focus on the items, observations, or people that “survive” or make it past a selection process, while overlooking those that did not."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Systemic_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bias ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Biases that result from procedures and practices of particular institutions that operate in ways which result in certain social groups being advantaged or favored and others being disadvantaged or devalued."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "Institutional Bias"^^xsd:string , "Societal Bias"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Systemic Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Biases that result from procedures and practices of particular institutions that operate in ways which result in certain social groups being advantaged or favored and others being disadvantaged or devalued."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Temporal_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Bias that arises from differences in populations and behaviors over time."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Temporal Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Bias that arises from differences in populations and behaviors over time."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Uncertainty_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Arises when predictive algorithms favor groups that are better represented in the training data, since there will be less uncertainty associated with those predictions."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Uncertainty Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Arises when predictive algorithms favor groups that are better represented in the training data, since there will be less uncertainty associated with those predictions."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Use_And_Interpretation_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "An information-processing bias, the tendency to inappropriately analyze ambiguous stimuli, scenarios and events."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "Interpretive Bias"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Use And Interpretation Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "An information-processing bias, the tendency to inappropriately analyze ambiguous stimuli, scenarios and events."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretive_bias"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/User_Interaction_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "Arises when a user imposes their own self-selected biases and behavior during interaction with data, output, results, etc."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "User Interaction Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Arises when a user imposes their own self-selected biases and behavior during interaction with data, output, results, etc."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://w3id.org/aio/Simpons_Paradox_Bias rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; obo:IAO_0000115 "A statistical phenomenon where the marginal association between two categorical variables is qualitatively different from the partial association between the same two variables after controlling for one or more other variables. For example, the statistical association or correlation that has been detected between two variables for an entire population disappears or reverses when the population is divided into subgroups."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "Simpson's Paradox"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:label "Simpon's Paradox Bias"^^xsd:string . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource ; owl:annotatedProperty obo:IAO_0000115 ; owl:annotatedTarget "A statistical phenomenon where the marginal association between two categorical variables is qualitatively different from the partial association between the same two variables after controlling for one or more other variables. For example, the statistical association or correlation that has been detected between two variables for an entire population disappears or reverses when the population is divided into subgroups."^^xsd:string ; oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270"^^xsd:string ] . ### https://www.openriskmanual.org/ns/doam#Model_Components rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; rdfs:comment "Model Components are the components of predictive model in use. Different types of predictive model have different components. For example, a Bayesian Network Model will have components like Bayesian Network Nodes, a Rule Set Model will have Rule Set as components and Neural Network Model will have Neural Layer, Neural Inputs/Outputs as modelling components."@en ; rdfs:label "ModelComponent"@en . ### https://www.openriskmanual.org/ns/doam#Output rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; rdfs:comment "Output is the output of classification model."@en ; rdfs:label "Output" . ################################################################# # Individuals ################################################################# ### http://w3id.org/mlso/vocab/dataset_characteristic/Quantity_Measurement rdf:type :BiasEvaluation . ### http://w3id.org/mlso/vocab/evaluation_measure/Evaluation_Measure rdf:type :BiasEvaluation . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/BiasMeasure :BiasMeasure rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :BiasEvaluation . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/CausalRiskDifference :CausalRiskDifference rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :SocioDemographicBiasMeasure ; rdfs:comment """They define p2c to be: sum_of s all values S, dec (s) = theta w(s) / sum_of s all values S w(s) RDc not close to zero means that there is a bias in decision value due to group membership (causal discrimination) or to covariates that have not been accounted for in the analysis (omitted variable bias)."""@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "Causal Risk Difference"@en ; :formalization "RDc = p1 − p2c"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/DataCoverage :DataCoverage rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :RepresentationBiasMeasure ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://doi.org/10.1145/3588433"@en ; rdfs:label "Data Coverage Measure"@en ; skos:definition "To have enough similar entries (sub-categories) for a particular variable (categoy) in a dataset."@en ; :formalization "cov(q,D) = |G_D(q)|, threshold value k, qu is covered iff cov (q, D) > k."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Differential_Bias_Embeddings :Differential_Bias_Embeddings rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :SocioDemographicBiasMeasure ; rdfs:comment "A preprocessing method for the discovery of the problematic documents in the training corpus that have biases in them and tried to debias the system by perturbing or removing these documents efficiently from the training corpus."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://proceedings.mlr.press/v97/brunet19a.html"@en ; skos:definition "Differential Bias Embeddings"@en , "Given a word embedding, this method reveals how perturbing the training corpus would affect the resulting embedding bias."@en ; :formalization "∆pB = B(w) − B( ˜w)"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Direct_Bias_Embeddings :Direct_Bias_Embeddings rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :GenderBiasMeasure , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :measures ; owl:someValuesFrom :GenderBias ] ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://papers.nips.cc/paper_files/paper/2016/hash/a486cd07e4ac3d270571622f4f316ec5-Abstract.html"@en ; rdfs:label "Direct Bias Embeddings"@en ; skos:definition "A method to debias word embeddings by proposing a method that respects the embeddings for gender-specific words but debiases embeddings for gender-neutral words."@en ; :formalization "1 / |N | sum_of w2N |cos( ~>w, g)|c"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Elmo_Bias_Embeddings :Elmo_Bias_Embeddings rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :GenderBiasMeasure ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/N19-1064"@en ; rdfs:label "ELMo Bias Embeddings"@en ; skos:definition "A new intrinsic analysis of how ELMo represents gender in biased ways."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/ErrorType1Unweighted :ErrorType1Unweighted rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :GenderBiasMeasure ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://doi.org/10.1145/3372923.3404804"@en ; rdfs:label "Error Type-1 Unweighted"@en ; skos:definition "This is a type of error that measures names that are tagged as non-PERSON, or not tagged at all. In other words, any name not tagged as a PERSON is considered to be an error"@en ; :formalization "∑ n∈Nf I(ntype ≠ PERSON ) / |Nf |"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Error_Type-1_Weighted :Error_Type-1_Weighted rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :GenderBiasMeasure ; rdfs:comment "Where f reqf (·) returns the frequency of a name in the female census data in a particular year. Similarly, f reqm(·) will yield the frequency of a name in the male census data. Type-1 errors can be sub-divided into Type-2 and Type-3 errors and serve as a super-set for the following types."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://doi.org/10.1145/3372923.3404804"@en ; rdfs:label "Error Type-1 Weighted"@en ; skos:definition "This type of error is similar to Error Type-1 Unweighted; however, we considered how frequent the mistaken name is based on census data while calculating the error."@en ; :formalization "∑ n∈Nf f reqf (ntype ≠ PERSON ) / ∑ n∈Nf f reqf (n)"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Error_Type-2_Unweighted :Error_Type-2_Unweighted rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :GenderBiasMeasure ; rdfs:comment "where ∅ indicates the name is not tagged."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://doi.org/10.1145/3372923.3404804"@en ; rdfs:label "Error Type-2 Unweighted"@en ; skos:definition "This is a type of error in which only names that are tagged, but whose tags are non-PERSON are considered to be errors. This measure is similar to precision, where the model is only punished for incorrect retrieval. This error rate reports the percentage of names that are tagged as non-PERSON entities among all the names in a certain year."@en ; :formalization "∑ n∈Nf I(ntype /∈ {∅, PERSON }) , |Nf |"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Error_Type-2_Weighted :Error_Type-2_Weighted rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :GenderBiasMeasure ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://doi.org/10.1145/3372923.3404804"@en ; rdfs:label "Error Type-2 Weighted"@en ; skos:definition "This type of error is similar to Error Type-2 Unweighted; however, here we considered how frequent the mistaken name was while calculating the error."@en ; :formalization "∑ n∈Nf f reqf (ntype /∈ {∅, PERSON }), ∑ n∈Nf f reqf (n)"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Error_Type-3_Unweighted :Error_Type-3_Unweighted rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :GenderBiasMeasure ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://doi.org/10.1145/3372923.3404804"@en ; rdfs:label "Error Type-3 Unweighted"@en ; skos:definition "This is a type of error in which only names that are not tagged are considered to be errors. We do not consider names that are wrongfully tagged to non-PERSON as an error, but only names that are not tagged are considered erroneous. This error rate reports the percentage of names that are not tagged at all among all the names in a certain year."@en ; :formalization "∑ n∈Nf I(ntype = ∅), |Nf |"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Error_Type-3_Weighted :Error_Type-3_Weighted rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :GenderBiasMeasure ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://doi.org/10.1145/3372923.3404804"@en ; rdfs:label "Error Type-3 Weighted"@en ; skos:definition "This type of error is similar to Error Type-3 Unweighted; however, we considered how frequent the mistaken name was while calculating the error."@en ; :formalization "∑ n∈Nf f reqf (ntype = ∅) , ∑n∈Nf f reqf (n)"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/ExpertAssessment :ExpertAssessment rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/FairnessMetric :FairnessMetric rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Gender_Bias_Score :Gender_Bias_Score rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :GenderBiasMeasure , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :measures ; owl:someValuesFrom :GenderBias ] ; rdfs:comment "A metric for measuring gender bias in a generated text from a language model based on recurrent neural networks that is trained on a text corpus along with measuring the bias in the training text itself."@en , "w is any word in the corpus, f is a set of gendered words (\"female\"), m is a sit of gendered words (\"male\"). The bias measure uses the mean absolute and the standard deviation."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://doi.org/10.1145/3457607"@en ; rdfs:label "Gender Bias Score"@en ; :formalization "bias(w) = log ( P(w|f) / P(w|m) )"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Gender_Bias_vSRL :Gender_Bias_vSRL rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :GenderBiasMeasure , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :measures ; owl:someValuesFrom :GenderBias ] ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/D17-1323" ; rdfs:label "Gender Bias vSRL"@en ; skos:note "The goal is to identify the correlations that are potentially amplified by a learned model. To achieve this, a bias score is defined for a given output, o, with respect to a demographic variable, g; where c(o, g) is the number of occurrences of o and g in a corpus."@en , "To evaluate the degree of bias amplification, we propose to compare bias scores on the training set, b∗(o, g), with bias scores on an unlabeled evaluation set of images ˜b(o, g) that has been annotated by a predictor. We assume that the evaluation set is identically distributed to the training set. Therefore, if o is positively correlated with g (i.e,b∗(o, g) > 1/‖G‖) and ˜b(o, g) is larger than b∗(o, g), we say bias has been amplified."@en ; :formalization "b(o, g) = c(o, g) / ∑ g′∈G c(o, g′) '"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Gini_coefficient_of_the_in-degree_distribution :Gini_coefficient_of_the_in-degree_distribution rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :PopularityBiasMeasure ; rdfs:comment "The criteria followed to determine if there is presence of bias is the higher the Gini coefficient, the more skewed or unequal the in-degree distribution across all nodes."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://doi.org/10.1145/3501247.3531583"@en ; rdfs:label "Gini coefficient of the in-degree distribution"@en ; skos:definition """The Gini coefficient allows to demonstrate whether popularity bias is exacerbated by recommendation algorithms regardless of the initial conditions of the network structure, or whether certain types of networks are exempt from this bias. Gini coefficient of the in-degree distribution"""@en ; :formalization "Gini(π^in ) = {sum_of_all (2_i − n − 1)π_i^in} / {sum_of_all π_i^in}"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/In-group_links :In-group_links rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :PopularityBiasMeasure ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://doi.org/10.1145/3501247.3531583"@en ; rdfs:label "In-group links"@en ; skos:definition "Measures the fraction of links within groups to determine what type of edges are being recommended more often by the recommendation algorithms."@en ; :formalization "I_a = {e_aa} / {e_aa + e_ab}"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Learned_Latent_Structure :Learned_Latent_Structure rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :UnderlyingDistributionSkewMeasure ; rdfs:comment """Consider the problem of binary classification in which we are presented with a set of paired training data samples Dt r ain = {(x(i), y(i))}n i=1 consisting of features x ∈ Rm and labels y ∈ Rd. Our goal is to find a functional mapping f : X → Y parameterized by θ which minimizes a certain loss L(θ ) over our entire training dataset."""@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "doi.org/10.1145/3306618.3314243"@en ; rdfs:label "Learned Latent Structure"@en ; skos:definition "A tunable algorithm for mitigating the hidden, and potentially unknown, biases within training data. The algorithm fuses the original learning task with a variational autoencoder to learn the latent structure within the dataset."@en ; :formalization "θ∗ = arg min_θ 1/ n sum_of Li (θ)"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/LowDegreeNodeBias :LowDegreeNodeBias rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :LinkingBiasMeasure ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3341161.3342915"@en ; rdfs:label "Low-Degree Node Bias"@en ; skos:definition "In the context of community detection, when theses methods ignore lowly connected users that have few links—by putting them into insignificant small or singleton communities which are then ignored in the study."@en ; skos:note "|ci| denotes the size of the community ci, and θ is athreshold value that can be treated as a hyperparameter and will be used in our proposed algorithm. We call node n an insignificantly labeled node if:∃ cinsig such that n ∈ cinsig where cinsig is an insignificant community."@en ; :formalization "C_insig = {ci| where |ci| < θ}"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Nationality_Group_Bias :Nationality_Group_Bias rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :NationalityBiasMeasure ; rdfs:isDefinedBy """Nationality Bias in Text Generation https://aclanthology.org/2023.eacl-main.9 Narayanan Venkit et al., EACL 2023"""@en ; rdfs:label "Nationality Group Bias"@en ; skos:definition "Demographic group bias is measured by using statistical inferences of different demographic synonym groups d_n and check for parity across all the groups and a standard control group C, using the story generation feature of the GPT-2 language model."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/RepresentationRate :RepresentationRate rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :RepresentationBiasMeasure ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://doi.org/10.1145/3588433"@en ; rdfs:label "RepresentationRate"@en ; skos:definition "An equal base rate is defined as having an equal number of objects for different subgroups in the dataset."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Situation_testing_causal_inference :Situation_testing_causal_inference rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :SocioDemographicBiasMeasure ; rdfs:comment """Given a target tuple t with c = c and e = e , all the tuples are ranked according to their distances to t using a distance function defined on an appropriate subset of nonprotected attributes. Then, the tuples that are within top-2K highest in the ranking for one-to-one pairing are selected. The selected tuples with c+ are added into set S+ , and the selected tuples with c are added into set S . The proportion p 1 of tuples with e+ among the tuples in S+, and the proportion p 2 of tuples with e+ among the tuples in S are compared. The dierence between p 1 and p2 , i.e., p 1 p2 reflects the bias due to the membership to the protected group. If p1 p2 is greater than a threshold tau, then t is considered as being discriminated. The value of threshold tau used for discrimination depends on the law."""@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/3060832.3061001"@en ; rdfs:label "Situation Testing Causal Inference"@en ; skos:definition "A general technique to capture discrimination based on the legally grounded situation testing methodology."@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/StatisticalMetric :StatisticalMetric rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Uncovering_Simpson_paradox_for_trends :Uncovering_Simpson_paradox_for_trends rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :SimpsonsParadoxMeasure ; rdfs:comment "The equations hold if the expected value of Y is a monotonically increasing (or decreasing) function of Xp alone, but conditioned on Xc is a monotonically decreasing (resp. increasing) function of Xp , or is constant."@en , "Y is the dependent variable in the dataset, i.e., an outcome being measured, and as X = {X1, X2, . . . , Xm } the set of m independent variables or features. The goal of the method is to identify pairs of variables (Xp , Xc )—Simpson’s pairs— such that a trend in Y as a function of Xp disappears or reverses when the data is disaggregated by conditioning on Xc ."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://doi.org/10.1145/3159652.3159684"@en ; rdfs:label "Uncovering Simpson paradox for trends"@en ; skos:definition "A statistical method to systematically uncover instances of Simpson’s paradox in heterogeneous data."@en ; :formalization "dE[Y |Xp = xp ]/dxp < 0, dE[Y |Xp = xp , Xc = xc ]/dxp ≥ 0"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Visibility_of_the_minority_group :Visibility_of_the_minority_group rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :RepresentationBiasMeasure ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://doi.org/10.1145/3501247.3531583"@en ; rdfs:label "Visibility of the minority group"@en ; skos:definition "Change in visibility by computing prediction{f_m} after and before the recommendations to verify whether the minority group is gaining or losing visibility."@en ; :formalization "delta function_fm = prediction{f_m (after)} − prediction{f_m (before)}"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Sentence_Encoder_Association_Test_(SEAT) rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:label "Sentence Encoder Association Test (SEAT)"@en . ### https://nobias-project.eu/nobias/Simpson’s_Disaggregation rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :SimpsonsParadoxMeasure ; rdfs:comment """The method takes as input a set of observations of an outcome, Y , and a set of covariates, or features, X ={X1, X2, ..., Xm} associated with it. The approach has three steps. First, it disaggregates data into more homogenous subgroups based on some covariate Xc. Next, it uses a linear model to capture trends with respect to some other covariate Xj , both within the subgroups and within the aggregate data. Finally, it quantifies how well the models describe the disaggregated data compared to aggregate data to identify the important disaggregations."""@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "Nazanin Alipourfard, Peter G. Fennell, and Kristina Lerman. 2018. Using Simpson’s paradox to discover interesting patterns in behavioral data. In Proceedings of the 12th International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media."@en ; rdfs:label "Simpson’s Disaggregation"@en ; skos:definition "A method for automatically uncovering interesting patterns in data based on Simpson's Paradox."@en . ################################################################# # Annotations ################################################################# rdf:List rdfs:label "List"@en . :BiasMeasure skos:definition "Bias measure corresponds to a quantitative metric or indicator that assesses the presence and extent of bias in a particular context."^^rdfs:Literal ; rdfs:label "BiasMeasure"@en ; rdfs:comment "Bias Measure represents the measure defined in some scholarly document to measure bias detected in data in association to a bias."@en . ### Generated by the OWL API (version 4.5.9.2019-02-01T07:24:44Z) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi