proper name ontology
type: Ontology
version IRI: pno.owl
imports: iao.owl
IAO_0000597: IAO_0020000-IAO_0020999
contributor: William R. Hogan
creator: Mathias Brochhausen
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
version info: release April 18, 2020

editor preferred term
type: AnnotationProperty
label: editor preferred label

imported from
type: AnnotationProperty

IUI
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: instance unique identifier
comment: An annotation to be applied to individuals only. Value is a GUID/UUID for use in a referent tracking system.

label

obsolete_designates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: ObsoleteProperty
IAO_0000115: x designates y, if for any given group of language users, x is an information content entity, is about y, and represents y in a linguistic context..
IAO_0000231: IAO_0000228
IAO_0100001: IAO_0000219
creator: Mathias Brochhausen
deprecated: true

is_borrowed_reference_to
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
domain: identifier
range: BFO_0000001
IAO_0000115: x is_borrowed_reference_for y, if x is a proper name that is used to refer to one individual among a specific group after the dubbing process took place.
creator: Mathias Brochhausen

is_fixing_reference_to
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
IAO_0000115: x is_fixed_reference_for y, if x is an utterance or graphemes concretized as writing quality inhering in some independent continuant that is used to single out one individual and refer to the latter among a specific group after the.
creator: Mathias Brochhausen

is designated by
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
IAO_0000115: p1 is designated by p2, if p2 is an information content entity that represents p1 in a linguistic context.
IAO_0000117: Mathias Brochhausen

has_specified_output
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty

is_specified_output_of
type: ObjectProperty
range: OBI_0000011

bearer_of
type: ObjectProperty

has_participant
type: ObjectProperty

is concretized as
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
inverse of: concretizes
domain: BFO_0000031
range: BFO_0000020
editor preferred term: is concretized as
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl

concretizes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: BFO_0000020
range: BFO_0000031
editor preferred term: concretizes
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl

Anatomical cluster
type: Class
subclass of: Anatomical structure

vocal fold
type: Class
subclass of: Subdivision of larynx

Subdivision of larynx
type: Class
subclass of: Heterogeneous cluster

Heterogeneous cluster
type: Class
subclass of: Anatomical cluster

Anatomical structure
type: Class
subclass of: Material anatomical entity

Material anatomical entity
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000040

identifier
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000030
IAO_0000115: An identifier is an information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity.
IAO_0000117: Mathias Brochhausen
IAO_0000118: proper name
creator: Mathias Brochhausen
comment: Sep 29, 2016: The current definition has been amended from the previous version: "A proper name is an information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity." to more accuratly reflect the necessary and sufficient condition on the class. (MB)

grapheme
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000030
IAO_0000112: alphabetic letters, Chinese characters, numerical digits, punctuation marks, and the individual symbols of any of the world's writing systems
IAO_0000115: A grapheme is an information content entity that is a fundamental unit in a written language.
IAO_0000119: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapheme
creator: Mathias Brochhausen

utterance
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000030
IAO_0000115: An utterance is an information content entity that is a complete unit of speech in spoken language.
IAO_0000117: Mathias Brochhausen
IAO_0000119: Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utterance
creator: Mathias Brochhausen

mechanical wave quality
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
IAO_0000115: An attributive collection of qualities inhering in energy when transported through a medium in a wave.
creator: Mathias Brochhausen

writing quality
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
IAO_0000115: is a quality that is the concretization of graphemes and inheres in a material object.
IAO_0000117: Mathias Brochhausen
creator: Mathias Brochhausen

writing bearer
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: IAO_0000178
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer_of
    some values from: Restriction
      on property: concretizes
      some values from: grapheme
subclass of: IAO_0000178
IAO_0000112: pieces of paper, tables, walls, floors, driveways, highway signs, computer screens, skin, tablets of clay, rocks, sheets of metal (license plates), sheets of papyrus, etc. clouds of smoke in skywriting,
IAO_0000115: is a material information bearer that bears the concretization of graphemes.
IAO_0000117: Mathias Brochhausen
creator: Mathias Brochhausen

portion of energy
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000004

sound energy
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of energy
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer_of
    some values from: mechanical wave quality
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0000056
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: oscillating
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has_participant
        some values from: Class
subclass of: portion of energy
IAO_0000115: Energy that is transported in a sound wave.
creator: Mathias Brochhausen

utterance energy
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: sound energy
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer_of
    some values from: Restriction
      on property: concretizes
      some values from: utterance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is_specified_output_of
    all values from: utterance process
subclass of: sound energy
IAO_0000115: Sound energy bearing the concretization of an utterance and being the output of an uttering process.

oscillating
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000015
IAO_0000115: Oscillating is a processual that shows repetitive variation, typically in time, of some measured quality about a central value (often a point of equilibrium) or between two or more different states.
IAO_0000119: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscillation
creator: Mathias Brochhausen

utterance process
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: has_specified_output
  some values from: utterance energy
subclass of: OBI_0000011
IAO_0000115: is a planned process of making speech sounds which may or may not have an actual language involved.
IAO_0000117: Mathias Brochhausen
IAO_0000119: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/utter
creator: Mathias Brochhausen

personal name
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: identifier
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: IAO_0000219
    all values from: Homo sapiens
subclass of: identifier
IAO_0000115: A personal name is a proper name identifying an individual person.
IAO_0000117: Mathias Brochhausen
IAO_0000119: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_name
comment: Personal names "today usually comprises a given name bestowed at birth or at a young age plus a surname. It is nearly universal for a human to have a name; except in rare cases, for example feral children growing up in isolation, or infants orphaned by natural disaster for whom no written record survives.[citation needed] The Convention on the Rights of the Child specifies that a child has the right from birth to a name. Certain isolated tribes, such as the Machiguenga of the Amazon, also lack personal names." (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_name)
comment: Sep 29, 2016: The comment that including the wikipedia definition of personal name is not to be interpreted in a way that restricts this class to only contain strings of letters. A numerical or alphanumerical identifier that denotes a human is being is a personal name, too. (MB)

given name
type: Class
subclass of: personal name
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: personal name
IAO_0000115: A given name, in Western contexts often referred to as a first name, is a personal name that specifies and differentiates between members of a group of individuals, especially in a family, all of whose members usually share the same family name (surname). A given name is purposefully given, usually by a child's parents at or near birth, in contrast to an inherited one such as a family name
IAO_0000117: Mathias Brochhausen
IAO_0000119: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Given_name

family name
type: Class
subclass of: personal name
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: personal name
IAO_0000115: A family name (in Western contexts often referred to as a surname or last name) is typically a part of a person's name which has been passed, according to law or custom, from one or both parents to their children.
IAO_0000117: Mathias Brochhausen
IAO_0000119: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_name

code set
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000310
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000051
  some values from: identifier
IAO_0000115: A document that is a collection of identifiers that has been created to identify and annotate core ideas of a specified domain, and where the intention of its creators is that the identifiers have a one-to-one correspondence with entities in reality outside the aggregate.
IAO_0000117: Mathias Brochhausen
IAO_0000118: code system
IAO_0000118: codeset
IAO_0000118: coding system
IAO_0000118: controlled vocabulary
contributor: Clint Dowland
contributor: Matt Diller
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan
comment: Does not imply absence vs. presence of any taxonomy.
comment: Does not imply that identifiers denote particulars, universals, or defined classes (a.k.a. attributive collections) or even that they denote only one of these three types of entities (e.g., SNOMED and even various OBO ontologies have identifiers that identify entities in all three categories).
comment: Each identifier is often (but not necessarily) associated with a text string—variously called a “description,” “name,” “title,” or “label”—that helps humans reach the target of denotation. When there is no such string, it is almost always because the identifiers take the form of human language words. For example, a “sex” or “gender” code set could have identifiers “MALE” and “FEMALE,” or even “M” and “F” (by convention, we understand what these mean).
comment: For National Drug Codes (NDCs) and similar code sets, there doesn’t even have to be a single, fully-concretized copy somewhere (for example, for NDCs there is no centralized database or repository where they all live as one instance of concretization of code set). The code set can be “distributively” concretized. This seems like an unusual exception, but it also likely applies to Universal Product Codes (UPCs) and their follow on Global Trade Item Numbers (GTINs).
comment: For each given domain, there can potentially exist multiple code sets. The multiplicity of code sets is partially due to the different specific purposes of those code sets.
comment: Many code sets are created for a specific purpose in addition to merely identifying and annotating core ideas of a specified domain.
comment: The identifiers do not denote each other.

Homo sapiens
type: Class
subclass of: organism
editor preferred term: Homo sapiens
IAO_0000118: human being
imported from: ncbitaxon.owl

organism
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000040
editor preferred term: organism
IAO_0000112: animal
IAO_0000112: fungus
IAO_0000112: plant
IAO_0000112: virus
IAO_0000114: IAO_0000121
IAO_0000115: A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs.
IAO_0000116: 10/21/09: This is a placeholder term, that should ideally be imported from the NCBI taxonomy, but the high level hierarchy there does not suit our needs (includes plasmids and 'other organisms')
IAO_0000116: 13-02-2009: OBI doesn't take position as to when an organism starts or ends being an organism - e.g. sperm, foetus. This issue is outside the scope of OBI.
IAO_0000117: GROUP: OBI Biomaterial Branch
IAO_0000119: WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism

pressure
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
has OBO namespace: quality
in subset: attribute slim